Unit 2.4 - Motivation and demotivation

This section of the syllabus covers the following assessment objectives:

• The following motivation theories: Taylor, Maslow, and Herzberg (AO3)

• The following motivation theories (HL only): (i) McClelland’s acquired needs theory (HL only), (ii) Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory (HL only), and (iii) Equity and expectancy theory (HL only) (AO3)

• Labour turnover (HL only) AO2, AO4

• The following types of appraisal (HL only): (i) Formative, (ii) Summative, (iii) 360-degree feedback, and (iv) Self-appraisal (AO2)

• Methods of recruitment (HL only) AO2

• Internal and external recruitment (HL only) AO3

• The following types of financial rewards: (i) Salary, (ii) Wages (time and piece rates), (iii) Commission, (iv) Performance-related pay (PRP), (v) Profit-related pay, (vi) Employee share ownership schemes, and (vii) Fringe payments (AO2)

• The following types of non-financial rewards: (i) Job enrichment, (ii) Job rotation, (iii) Job enlargement, (iv) Empowerment, (v) Purpose/the opportunity to make a difference, and (vi) Teamwork (AO2)

• The following types of training: (i) Induction, (ii) On the job, and (iii) Off the job (AO2).

Unit 2.5 - Organizational (corporate) culture (HL only)

This section of the syllabus covers the following assessment objectives:

• Organizational culture (HL only) (AO1)

• Types of organizational culture, for example, Charles Handy's “Gods of management” (HL only) (AO2)

• Cultural clashes when organizations change, including but not limited to, when organizations grow and merge and when leadership styles change (HL only) AO3.

Unit 2.6 - Communication

This section of the syllabus covers the following assessment objectives:

• Formal and informal methods of communication for an organization in a given situation (AO3)

• Barriers to communication (AO2).

Unit 2.7 Industrial/employee relations (HL only) 

This section of the syllabus covers the following assessment objectives:

• Sources of conflict in the workplace (AO2)

• Approaches to conflict in the workplace by employees: (i) collective bargaining, (ii) work-to-rule, and (iii) strike action (AO3)

• Approaches to conflict in the workplace by employers: (i) collective bargaining, (ii) threats of redundancies, (iii) changes of
  contract, (iv) closure, and (v) lockouts (AO3)

• The following approaches to conflict resolution: (i) Conciliation and arbitration, (ii) Employee participation and industrial democracy, (iii) No-strike agreement, and (iv) Single-union agreement (AO3).