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href="../25471/glossary-organizational-structure.html" title="Glossary: Organizational structure">Glossary: Organizational structure</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21755/23-leadership-and-management.html" title="2.3 Leadership and management">2.3 Leadership and management</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24733/glossary-leadership-management.html" title="Glossary: Leadership & Management">Glossary: Leadership & Management</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24745/24-motivation.html" title="2.4 Motivation">2.4 Motivation</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24719/glossary-motivation.html" title="Glossary: Motivation">Glossary: Motivation</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21757/25-organizational-culture-hl-only.html" title="2.5 Organizational culture (HL only)">2.5 Organizational culture (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25243/glossary-organizational-culture.html" title="Glossary: Organizational culture">Glossary: Organizational culture</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21758/26-industrialemployee-relations-hl-only.html" title="2.6 Industrial/employee relations (HL only)">2.6 Industrial/employee relations (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25125/glossary-industrialemployee-relations.html" title="Glossary: Industrial/employee relations">Glossary: Industrial/employee relations</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21670/unit-3.html" title="Unit 3">Unit 3</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21744/31-sources-of-finance.html" title="3.1 Sources of finance">3.1 Sources of finance</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24501/glossary-sources-of-finance.html" title="Glossary: Sources of finance">Glossary: Sources of finance</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21745/32-costs-and-revenues.html" title="3.2 Costs and revenues">3.2 Costs and revenues</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22092/glossary-costs-revenues.html" title="Glossary: Costs & revenues">Glossary: Costs & revenues</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21746/33-break-even-analysis.html" title="3.3 Break-even analysis">3.3 Break-even analysis</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22270/contribution-analysis.html" title="Contribution analysis">Contribution analysis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22093/glossary-break-even-analysis.html" title="Glossary: Break-even analysis">Glossary: Break-even analysis</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21747/34-final-accounts.html" title="3.4 Final accounts">3.4 Final accounts</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31367/glossary-final-accounts.html" title="Glossary: Final accounts">Glossary: Final accounts</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21748/35-profitability-and-liquidity-ratio-analysis.html" title="3.5 Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis">3.5 Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25111/glossary-profitability-and-liquidity-ratio-analysis.html" title="Glossary: Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis">Glossary: Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21749/36-efficiency-ratio-analysis-hl-only.html" title="3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)">3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25114/glossary-efficiency-ratios.html" title="Glossary: Efficiency ratios">Glossary: Efficiency ratios</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21750/37-cash-flow.html" title="3.7 Cash flow">3.7 Cash flow</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25118/cash-flow-forecasts.html" title="Cash flow forecasts">Cash flow forecasts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31376/glossary-cash-flow.html" title="Glossary: Cash flow">Glossary: Cash flow</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21751/38-investment-appraisal.html" title="3.8 Investment appraisal">3.8 Investment appraisal</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31377/glossary-investment-appraisal-.html" title="Glossary: Investment appraisal ">Glossary: Investment appraisal </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21752/39-budgets-hl-only.html" title="3.9 Budgets (HL only)">3.9 Budgets (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31378/39-budgets-hl-only-glossary.html" title="3.9 Budgets (HL Only) Glossary">3.9 Budgets (HL Only) Glossary</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21684/unit-4.html" title="Unit 4">Unit 4</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21767/41-the-role-of-marketing.html" title="4.1 The role of marketing">4.1 The role of marketing</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25618/glossary-the-role-of-marketing.html" title="Glossary: The role of marketing">Glossary: The role of marketing</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21768/42-marketing-planning.html" title="4.2 Marketing planning">4.2 Marketing planning</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28328/glossary-marketing-planning.html" title="Glossary: Marketing planning">Glossary: Marketing planning</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21769/43-sales-forecasting-hl-only.html" title="4.3 Sales forecasting (HL only)">4.3 Sales forecasting (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25713/glossary-sales-forecasting.html" title="Glossary: Sales forecasting">Glossary: Sales forecasting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21713/44-market-research.html" title="4.4 Market research">4.4 Market research</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25208/glossary-market-research.html" title="Glossary: Market research">Glossary: Market research</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21770/45-the-four-ps.html" title="4.5 The four Ps">4.5 The four Ps</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Product">Product</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22627/glossary-product.html" title="Glossary: Product">Glossary: Product</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22525/price.html" title="Price">Price</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22548/glossary-price.html" title="Glossary: Price">Glossary: Price</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22567/promotion.html" title="Promotion">Promotion</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22704/45-promotion-glossary.html" title="4.5 Promotion - Glossary">4.5 Promotion - Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22745/place.html" title="Place">Place</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23813/45-place-glossary.html" title="4.5 Place - Glossary">4.5 Place - Glossary</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21774/46-the-extended-marketing-mix-7-ps-hl.html" title="4.6 The extended marketing mix (7 Ps) (HL)">4.6 The extended marketing mix (7 Ps) (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23814/glossary-the-extended-marketing-mix-hl.html" title="Glossary: The extended marketing mix (HL)">Glossary: The extended marketing mix (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21772/47-international-marketing-hl-only.html" title="4.7 International marketing (HL only)">4.7 International marketing (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23815/glossary-international-marketing-hl.html" title="Glossary: International Marketing (HL)">Glossary: International Marketing (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21773/48-e-commerce.html" title="4.8 E-commerce">4.8 E-commerce</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23797/glossary-e-commerce.html" title="Glossary: E-commerce">Glossary: E-commerce</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21688/unit-5.html" title="Unit 5">Unit 5</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21937/51-the-role-of-operations-management.html" title="5.1 The role of operations management">5.1 The role of operations management</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24843/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21938/52-production-methods.html" title="5.2 Production methods">5.2 Production methods</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24848/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21939/53-lean-production-quality-management-hl.html" title="5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)">5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24839/glossary-lean-production-and-quality-management.html" title="Glossary: Lean Production and quality management">Glossary: Lean Production and quality management</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21700/54-location.html" title="5.4 Location">5.4 Location</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24959/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21695/55-production-planning-hl.html" title="5.5 Production planning (HL)">5.5 Production planning (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25032/glossary-production-planning.html" title="Glossary: Production planning">Glossary: Production planning</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33222/56-research-development-hl.html" title="5.6 Research & development (HL)">5.6 Research & development (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34014/glossary-research-development.html" title="Glossary: Research & Development">Glossary: Research & Development</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21941/57-crisis-management-contingency-planning-hl.html" title="5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)">5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25042/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25115/cuegis.html" title="CUEGIS">CUEGIS</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="The 6 CUEGIS concepts">The 6 CUEGIS concepts</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21954/mcdonalds-supersize-me.html" title="McDonald's - Supersize Me">McDonald's - Supersize Me</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="The CUEGIS essay">The CUEGIS essay</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22876/planning-your-cuegis-essay.html" title="Planning your CUEGIS essay">Planning your CUEGIS essay</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33806/paper-2-section-c-questions.html" title="Paper 2 Section C Questions">Paper 2 Section C Questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33959/the-ia.html" title="The IA">The IA</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="HL IA">HL IA</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22190/35-sample-research-questions-for-the-hl-ia.html" title="35 sample research questions for the HL IA">35 sample research questions for the HL IA</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22200/hl-ia-student-checklist.html" title="HL IA - Student Checklist">HL IA - Student Checklist</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33508/ia-hl-poster.html" title="IA HL Poster">IA HL Poster</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="SL IA">SL IA</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22146/sl-ia-20-sample-titles.html" title="SL IA - 20 Sample Titles">SL IA - 20 Sample Titles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38181/faq-about-the-sl-ia.html" title="FAQ about the SL IA">FAQ about the SL IA</a></li></ul></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../22114/exams.html" title="Exams">Exams</a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22115/command-terms.html" title="Command Terms">Command Terms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36599/glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="Glossary of key terms">Glossary of key terms</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38059/flashcards-revision.html" title="Flashcards - Revision">Flashcards - Revision</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38060/flashcards-revision-unit-1.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 1)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 1)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38056/unit-11-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38061/unit-12-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38067/unit-13-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38092/unit-14-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38096/unit-15-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38102/unit-16-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.6 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.6 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38103/unit-17-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.7 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.7 Revision Flashcards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38114/flashcards-revision-unit-2.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 2)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 2)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38121/unit-21-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38125/unit-22-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38126/unit-23-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38144/unit-24-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38146/unit-25-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38147/unit-26-revision-flashcards-hl-only.html" title="Unit 2.6 Revision Flashcards (HL only)">Unit 2.6 Revision Flashcards (HL only)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38149/flashcards-revision-unit-3.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 3)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 3)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38153/unit-31-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38154/unit-32-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38182/unit-33-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38183/unit-34-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38191/unit-35-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38192/unit-36-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 3.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 3.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38193/unit-37-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.7 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.7 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38194/unit-38-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.8 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.8 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38195/unit-39-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.9 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.9 Revision Flashcards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38196/flashcards-revision-unit-4.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 4)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 4)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38198/unit-41-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38203/unit-42-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38217/unit-43-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38218/unit-44-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38219/unit-45a-product-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5a Product Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5a Product Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38220/unit-45b-price-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5b Price Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5b Price Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38221/unit-45c-promotion-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5c Promotion Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5c Promotion Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38222/unit-45d-promotion-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5d Promotion Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5d Promotion Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38223/unit-46-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 4.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 4.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38224/unit-47-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 4.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 4.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38225/unit-48-e-commerce-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.8 E-commerce Flashcards">Unit 4.8 E-commerce Flashcards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38232/flashcards-revision-unit-5.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 5)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 5)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38233/unit-51-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 5.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 5.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38234/unit-52-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 5.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 5.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38235/unit-53-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.3 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.3 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38236/unit-54-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 5.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 5.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38237/unit-55-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.5 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.5 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38238/unit-56-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38239/unit-57-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="current" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="formulae-quiz.html" title="Formulae Quiz">Formulae Quiz</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Paper 1 Pre-release case study">Paper 1 Pre-release case study</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44969/n22-case-study-ele-plc.html" title="N22 Case Study (ELE PLC)">N22 Case Study (ELE PLC)</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="M22 (Peacewick Uni)">M22 (Peacewick Uni)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44106/additional-exam-questions-paper-1.html" title="Additional exam questions (Paper 1)">Additional exam questions (Paper 1)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32840/may-2020-p-s-trawlers.html" title="May 2020 (P&S Trawlers)">May 2020 (P&S Trawlers)</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="M23 Paper 1">M23 Paper 1</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../47825/paper-1-svt-study-guide-shirin-karimi.html" title="Paper 1 SVT Study Guide (Shirin Karimi)">Paper 1 SVT Study Guide (Shirin Karimi)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26095/exam-study-tips-resources.html" title="Exam & Study tips (resources)">Exam & Study tips (resources)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31342/revision-exams-top-tips.html" title="Revision & Exams - Top tips">Revision & Exams - Top tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../47460/top-tips-for-m23-exams.html" title="Top Tips for M23 Exams">Top Tips for M23 Exams</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43522/unit-1-intro-to-bm.html" title="Unit 1 - Intro to BM">Unit 1 - Intro to BM</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44034/11-what-is-a-business.html" title="1.1 What is a business?">1.1 What is a business?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399681.html" title="1.2 Types of business entities">1.2 Types of business entities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44041/13-business-objectives.html" title="1.3 Business objectives">1.3 Business objectives</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44044/14-stakeholders.html" title="1.4 Stakeholders">1.4 Stakeholders</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44045/15-growth-and-evolution.html" title="1.5 Growth and evolution">1.5 Growth and evolution</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44046/16-multinational-companies.html" title="1.6 Multinational companies">1.6 Multinational companies</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43530/unit-2-hrm.html" title="Unit 2 - HRM">Unit 2 - HRM</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44253/21-introduction-to-hrm.html" title="2.1 Introduction to HRM">2.1 Introduction to HRM</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44256/role-of-hrm.html" title="Role of HRM">Role of HRM</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44257/factors-that-influence-hr-planning.html" title="Factors that influence HR planning">Factors that influence HR planning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44282/reasons-for-resistance-to-change.html" title="Reasons for resistance to change">Reasons for resistance to change</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44283/hr-strategies-for-reducing-the-impact-of-change-resistance-to-ch.html" title="HR strategies for reducing the impact of change & resistance to change">HR strategies for reducing the impact of change & resistance to change</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45458/21-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="2.1 True or False quiz">2.1 True or False quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43677/21-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="2.1 Glossary of key terms">2.1 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43875/22-organizational-structure.html" title="2.2 Organizational structure">2.2 Organizational structure</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44338/23-leadership-and-management.html" title="2.3 Leadership and management">2.3 Leadership and management</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45462/23-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="2.3 True or False Quiz">2.3 True or False Quiz</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43829/24-motivation-and-demotivation.html" title="2.4 Motivation and demotivation">2.4 Motivation and demotivation</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44371/types-of-training.html" title="Types of training">Types of training</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44390/25-organizational-corporate-culture-hl.html" title="2.5 Organizational (corporate) culture (HL)">2.5 Organizational (corporate) culture (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44247/26-communication.html" title="2.6 Communication">2.6 Communication</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43545/unit-3-finance.html" title="Unit 3 - Finance">Unit 3 - Finance</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44435/31-introduction-to-finance.html" title="3.1 Introduction to finance">3.1 Introduction to finance</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44431/31-introduction-to-finance-role-of-finance.html" title="3.1 Introduction to finance - role of finance">3.1 Introduction to finance - role of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45634/31-glossary-of-key-term.html" title="3.1 Glossary of key term">3.1 Glossary of key term</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44436/32-sources-of-finance.html" title="3.2 Sources of finance">3.2 Sources of finance</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44437/internal-sources-of-finance.html" title="Internal sources of finance">Internal sources of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44450/external-sources-of-finance.html" title="External sources of finance">External sources of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44479/appropriateness-of-sources-of-finance.html" title="Appropriateness of sources of finance">Appropriateness of sources of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45483/32-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.2 True or False Quiz">3.2 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43688/32-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.2 Glossary of key terms">3.2 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44486/33-costs-and-revenues.html" title="3.3 Costs and revenues">3.3 Costs and revenues</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44492/34-final-accounts.html" title="3.4 Final accounts">3.4 Final accounts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44593/35-profitability-liquidity-ratio-analysis.html" title="3.5 Profitability & liquidity ratio analysis">3.5 Profitability & liquidity ratio analysis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44627/36-efficiency-ratio-analysis-hl-only.html" title="3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)">3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44493/37-cash-flow.html" title="3.7 Cash flow">3.7 Cash flow</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44515/38-investment-appraisal.html" title="3.8 Investment appraisal">3.8 Investment appraisal</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44519/net-present-value-npv-hl.html" title="Net present value (NPV) (HL)">Net present value (NPV) (HL)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44564/39-budgets-hl.html" title="3.9 Budgets (HL)">3.9 Budgets (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43547/unit-4-marketing.html" title="Unit 4 - Marketing">Unit 4 - Marketing</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44637/41-introduction-to-marketing.html" title="4.1 Introduction to marketing">4.1 Introduction to marketing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43823/42-marketing-planning.html" title="4.2 Marketing planning">4.2 Marketing planning</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44660/43-sales-forecasting-hl.html" title="4.3 Sales forecasting (HL)">4.3 Sales forecasting (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44669/benefits-limitations-of-sales-forecasting.html" title="Benefits & limitations of sales forecasting">Benefits & limitations of sales forecasting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44679/44-market-research.html" title="4.4 Market research">4.4 Market research</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44680/why-how-organizations-carry-out-market-research.html" title="Why & how organizations carry out market research">Why & how organizations carry out market research</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44720/45-the-seven-ps-of-the-marketing-mix.html" title="4.5 The seven Ps of the marketing mix">4.5 The seven Ps of the marketing mix</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44740/451-product.html" title="4.5.1 Product">4.5.1 Product</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44782/453-promotion.html" title="4.5.3 Promotion">4.5.3 Promotion</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44697/46-international-marketing-hl.html" title="4.6 International marketing (HL)">4.6 International marketing (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43565/unit-5-operations-mgt.html" title="Unit 5 - Operations Mgt">Unit 5 - Operations Mgt</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44817/51-introduction-to-operations-management.html" title="5.1 Introduction to operations management">5.1 Introduction to operations management</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44812/52-operations-methods.html" title="5.2 Operations methods">5.2 Operations methods</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44861/53-lean-production-quality-management-hl.html" title="5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)">5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44840/55-break-even-analysis.html" title="5.5 Break-even analysis">5.5 Break-even analysis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44890/56-production-planning-hl.html" title="5.6 Production planning (HL)">5.6 Production planning (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45242/57-crisis-management-contingency-planning-hl.html" title="5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)">5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45669/59-management-information-systems-hl.html" title="5.9 Management Information Systems (HL)">5.9 Management Information Systems (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43603/exams.html" title="Exams">Exams</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43740/command-terms.html" title="Command terms">Command terms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45612/glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="Glossary of key terms">Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa 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<h1 class="section-title">Formulae Quiz</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../businessmanagement.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Old course (N23)</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Exams</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Formulae Quiz</span></li></ul>
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<div class="panel panel-has-footer" style="box-shadow: rgba(17, 0, 51, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Formulae Quiz</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body"><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><img alt="" height="150" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/formulae-1.jpg" width="268"></span></p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgb(247, 245, 250);"><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Although students are supplied with a formulae sheet in the examination (both Paper 1 and Paper 2), please note that not all equations / formulae in the IB Business Management course are included in this formulae sheet (see pages 87 and 88 of the official IB Business Management guide, May 2017).</span></p><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Can you state at least 10 quantitative techniques / terms from the syllabus that <u>are</u> included in the formulae sheet?</em></span></p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><p>The following formulae <u>are</u> included in the formula sheet for students in the final examinations (both Paper 1 and Paper 2).</p><h5><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Formulae for ratio analysis (SL/HL)</span></h5><p><strong>Profitability ratios (SL/HL): Gross profit margin (GPM) and Net profit margin (NPM)</strong></p><p><img align="middle" alt="G r o s s space p r o f i t space m a r g i n space equals fraction numerator G r o s s space p r o f i t over denominator S a l e s space r e v e n u e end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»G«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»G«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»S«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-4.php?formula=78eca85f15a47753a997592ae4433cfc.png"></p><p><img align="middle" alt="N e t space p r o f i t space m a r g i n space equals fraction numerator N e t space p r o f i t space left parenthesis b e f o r e space i n t e r e s t space a n d space t a x right parenthesis over denominator S a l e s space r e v e n u e end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»N«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»N«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»S«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-5.php?formula=3e3902526a66011ca57f1540ee207248.png"></p><p><strong>Liquidity ratios (SL/HL): Current ratio and Acid test (quick) ratio</strong></p><p><img align="middle" alt="C u r r e n t space r a t i o space equals fraction numerator C u r r e n t space a s s e t s over denominator C u r r e n t space l i a b i l i t i e s end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-6.php?formula=5cbce8e6954e802cb35c64a51a7d5a97.png"></p><p><img align="middle" alt="A c i d space t e s t space r a t i o equals fraction numerator C u r r e n t space a s s e t s space minus S t o c k s over denominator C u r r e n t space l i a b i l i t i e s end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»-«/mo»«mi»S«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-7.php?formula=01a91e666c52edfcca355d9691c77e26.png"></p><p><strong>Efficiency ratio (SL/HL): Return on capital employed (ROCE)</strong></p><p>Capital employed = Loan capital (also known as long-term liabilities) + Share capital + Accumulated retained profit</p><p><img align="middle" alt="R O C E space equals fraction numerator N e t space p r o f i t space left parenthesis b e f o r e space i n t e r e s t space a n d space t a x right parenthesis over denominator C a p i t a l space e m p l o y e d end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»R«/mi»«mi»O«/mi»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»E«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»N«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»x«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-8.php?formula=18b2b4ee86a5cf68f806d9f0eb633c9c.png"></p><p><strong>Efficiency ratios (HL only): Stock turnover (days or times), Debtor days, Creditor days, and Gearing ratio</strong></p><p>There are two ways to measure the stock turnover ratio (by number of days or number of times):</p><p><img align="middle" alt="S t o c k space t u r n o v e r space r a t i o space left parenthesis n u m b e r space o f space d a y s right parenthesis space equals fraction numerator C o s t space o f space g o o d s space s o l d over denominator A v e r a g e space s t o c k end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»S«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-9.php?formula=c81574109a80f6a6e1b35b70b7ee1dce.png"></p><p><img align="middle" alt="S t o c k space t u r n o v e r space left parenthesis n u m b e r space o f space d a y s right parenthesis space equals fraction numerator A v e r a g e space s t o c k over denominator C o s t space o f space g o o d s space s o l d end fraction cross times 365" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»S«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»365«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-10.php?formula=8ffe158b0609afa3a29d103a40b8409c.png"></p><p>where cost of goods sold (COGS) is an approximation of total credit purchases by the business, and where</p><p><img align="middle" alt="A v e r a g e space s t o c k space equals fraction numerator O p e n i n g space s t o c k space plus thin space C l o sin g space s t o c k over denominator 2 end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»O«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»+«/mo»«mo»§#x2009;«/mo»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»sin«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»k«/mi»«/mrow»«mn»2«/mn»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-11.php?formula=d2cb33134dc1564a619d282165cf4cf0.png"></p><p><img align="middle" alt="D e b t o r space d a y s space r a t i o space left parenthesis n u m b e r space o f space d a y s right parenthesis space equals fraction numerator D e b t o r s over denominator T o t a l space s a l e s space r e v e n u e end fraction cross times 365" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»D«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»D«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»T«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»365«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-12.php?formula=87fda0911fb5020c9a71c762b456a9ac.png"></p><p>where total sales revenue is an approximation of the firm's total credit sales.</p><p><img align="middle" alt="C r e d i t o r space d a y s space r a t i o space left parenthesis n u m b e r space o f space d a y s right parenthesis space equals fraction numerator C r e d i t o r s over denominator C o s t space o f space g o o d s space s o l d end fraction cross times 365" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»b«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»365«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-13.php?formula=2b223f45320658893216b8e9c3e7cca8.png"></p><p>where the cost of goods sold (COGS) is an approximation of the firm's total credit purchases.</p><p><img align="middle" alt="G e a r i n g space r a t i o equals fraction numerator L o a n space c a p i t a l over denominator C a p i t a l space e m p l o y e d end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»G«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»L«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»m«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-14.php?formula=97ee63f335f386bf43c158f9b3f8bf74.png"></p><p>Where the firm's capital employed = Loan capital (or long-term liabilities) + Share capital + Accumulated retained profit.</p><hr class="hidden"><h5><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Other formulae (SL/HL)</span></h5><p><strong>Investment appraisal (SL/HL): Average rate of return (ARR)</strong></p><p><img align="middle" alt="A v e r a g e space r a t e space o f space r e t u r n space left parenthesis A R R right parenthesis equals fraction numerator left parenthesis t o t a l space r e t u r n s space c a p i t a l space cos t right parenthesis space divided by space y e a r s space o f space u s e over denominator C a p i t a l space cos t end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»R«/mi»«mi»R«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»cos«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»§#xF7;«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»y«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»cos«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-15.php?formula=f2bd56b02342b47ca9ee93e84110ac76.png"></p><p><strong>Investment appraisal (HL): Net present value (NPV)</strong></p><p><img align="middle" alt="N e t space p r e s e n t space v a l u e space left parenthesis N P V right parenthesis space equals space begin inline style sum for p r e s e n t space v a l u e s space o f space r e t u r n of end style open square brackets negative o r i g i n a l space cos t close square brackets" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»N«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi»N«/mi»«mi»P«/mi»«mi»V«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mstyle displaystyle=¨false¨»«munder»«mo»§#x2211;«/mo»«mrow»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»s«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»f«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«/mrow»«/munder»«/mstyle»«mfenced open=¨[¨ close=¨]¨»«mrow»«mo»§#x2212;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»g«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»cos«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfenced»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-16.php?formula=99b356bbf850e25d07978a1d467e88c2.png"></p><p><strong>Capacity utilization and productivity (HL only)</strong></p><p><img align="middle" alt="C a p a c i t y space u t i l i z a t i o n space r a t e equals fraction numerator A c t u a l space o u t p u t over denominator P r o d u c t i v e space c a p a c i t y end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»C«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»z«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»A«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»P«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-17.php?formula=93852d0516d5146227baaa0577175146.png"></p><p><img align="middle" alt="P r o d u c t i v i t y space r a t e space equals fraction numerator T o t a l space o u t p u t over denominator T o t a l space i n p u t end fraction" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»P«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»T«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»T«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-18.php?formula=9ff23d72f1283887a573d71faf008bf0.png"></p><p><em>Note</em>: The Guide states the following formula for calculating the productivity rate (although in reality it is highly uncomon to express labour productivity as a percentage figure).</p><p><img align="middle" alt="P r o d u c t i v i t y space r a t e space equals fraction numerator T o t a l space o u t p u t over denominator T o t a l space i n p u t end fraction cross times 100" class="Wirisformula" data-mathml="«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi»P«/mi»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»d«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»c«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»v«/mi»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»y«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»r«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»e«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi»T«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi»T«/mi»«mi»o«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«mi»a«/mi»«mi»l«/mi»«mo»§#xA0;«/mo»«mi»i«/mi»«mi»n«/mi»«mi»p«/mi»«mi»u«/mi»«mi»t«/mi»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo»§#xD7;«/mo»«mn»100«/mn»«/math»" src="../../../ckeditor/plugins/wiris/integration/showimage-19.php?formula=28211e51ddb6f0467da41fa47f056856.png"></p><p>Also, as stated in the Guide, on page 89, a discount table will be provided for HL students within the examination paper when required to answer the question, i.e. <em>if </em>and only if there is a question that requires students to calculate the NPV.</p><p>A copy of the discount table is provided here for reference only. <span style="color:#FF0000;">The relevant figures will be provided as part of the question and exam paper should this topic come up in an actual HL examination.</span></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Years</strong></p></td><td colspan="5" style="width:471px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:147.3pt;"><strong>Discount rate</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;"></p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">4%</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 40px;">6%</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 20.9pt;">8%</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">10%</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">20%</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">1</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.65pt;">0.9615</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.9434</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.9259</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.8pt;">0.9091</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.8333</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">2</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.9246</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.8900</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.8573</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.8264</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.6944</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">3</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.8890</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.8396</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7938</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.65pt;">0.7513</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.5787</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">4</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.8548</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 20.7pt;">0.7921</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7350</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.6830</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.4823</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">5</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.8219</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7473</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.6806</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.6209</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.4019</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">6</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7903</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7050</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.6302</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.5645</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.3349</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">7</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7599</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.7pt;">0.6651</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.5835</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.5132</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.2791</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">8</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.7307</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.85pt;">0.6271</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.5403</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.4665</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.2326</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 0.45pt; text-align: center;">9</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.7026</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.6pt;">0.5919</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.5002</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.6pt;">0.4241</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.1938</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left: 20.7pt;">10</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.9pt;">0.6756</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.5584</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.85pt;">0.4632</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="margin-left:20.85pt;">0.3855</p></td><td style="width:94px;height:28px;"><p style="text-align: center;">0.1615</p></td></tr></tbody></table></section><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Now, can you state at least 10 quantitative techniques / terms from the syllabus that are <u>not</u> included in the formulae sheet?</em></span></p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">In fact, you will find that there are actually <u>more</u> quantitative techniques / terms / equations in the IB Business Management syllabus that are <em>not </em>included in the formulae sheet than there are actually included on pages 87 - 88 of the syllabus guide. Do warn students about this as they may become overly reliant on the published formulae sheet in their exams.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Take a look here for some examples of quantitative techniques / terms from the IB syllabus that are not included in the formulae sheet. HL examples are shown in italics.</span></p><ol><li><p><em>4-part moving averages</em></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Absenteeism rate</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Average costs (AC)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Average fixed costs (AFC)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Average variable costs (AVC)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Break-even output (or break-even quantity)</span></p></li><li><p><em>Buffer stock (minimum stock level)</em></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Capital employed</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Closing balance (cash flow)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Contribution per unit (or unit contribution)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cost of goods sold (COGS)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cost of sales (COS)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Cost to buy (CTB)</em></span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Cost to make (CTM)</em></span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Current assets</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Current liabilities</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Declining balance depreciation</em></span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Gross profit</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Labour productivity</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Labour turnover rate*</span></p></li><li><p><em>Lead times</em></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Margin of safety (or safety margin)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Market share</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Net assets</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Net cash flow (NCF)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Net current assets</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Net profit</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Net profit before interest and tax (NPBIT)</span></p></li><li><p>Opening balance (cash flow forecasts)</p></li><li><p>Payback period (PBP)</p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Profit</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Reducing-balance annual depreciation</em></span></p></li><li><p><em>Re-order level (stock control)</em></p></li><li><p><em>Re-order quantity (stock control)</em></p></li><li><p><em>Sales forecasting - Seasonal, cyclical and random variations</em></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Sales revenue (or total revenue)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Straight-line annual depreciation</em></span></p></li><li><p>Target profit</p></li><li><p>Target price</p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Total costs (TC)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Total fixed costs (TFC)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Total variable costs (TVC)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Unit contribution (or contribution per unit)</span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Variances analysis</em></span></p></li><li><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Working capital.</span></p></li></ol><p><span style="color:#696969;">* Labour turnover is an AO2 in the DP Business Management syllabus, but in reality it is more difficult/less meaningful to teach this without referring to how it is calculated. The labour turnover rate (AO4) has been included in the new syllabus (first teaching in 2022).</span></p><div class="yellowBg"><h5><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span class="snippet-fa fa fa-lightbulb-o fa-lg" style="color: rgb(103, 7, 124);"> </span> Top tip!</span></span></h5><p>In addition to the above formulae, <em>not </em>included in the formulae sheet for the final exams, students must ensure they also learn how to construct the following, using the format prescribed by the IB:</p><ul class="branded"><li><p><a href="../23884/balance-sheets.html" title="Unit 3 » 3.4 Final accounts » Balance sheets">Balance sheet</a></p></li><li><p><a href="../25106/profit-loss-account.html" title="Unit 3 » 3.4 Final accounts » Profit & loss account">Profit and loss account</a></p></li></ul><p>Refer to pages 90 - 91 in the syllabus guide for further details.</p></div></section></div></div></div><hr class="hidden"><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Take the <strong>Dynamic Quiz </strong>below to see how many of the formulae your students know...</span></p><div class="tib-quiz" data-structure="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" data-question-ids="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254"> <div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating the closing balance in a cash flow?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e85cadd6442c5b3781f530ff2946b2d1"> <input type="radio"> Cash inflows – Cash outflows<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7a531cd40a49c6b634f0a7f2804e78bf"> <input type="radio"> <span>Closing balance + Purchases</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="55baa83520436f13918c0eb82fcd960f"> <input type="radio"> Opening balance + Net cash flow<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The closing balance is the amount of cash in the business at the end of a reporting trading period (such as the end of the week or end of the month). Hence, the correct formula is Closing balance = Opening balance + Cash inflow - Cash outflow, i.e. Opening balance + Net cash flow.</p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>straight-line annual depreciation</strong>? <em>(HL Only)</em></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="90f714595b864a04a241f7e3ba71bc0c"> <input type="radio"> Purchase Cost – Cumulative depreciation<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="2fed00123aa5fc49d000eac1e9768c25"> <input type="radio"> Gross profit – Expenses + Non-operating income<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="bda7d6f4ff8421f71111d5969f9c515f"> <input type="radio"> Purchase Cost ÷ Useful lifespan<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The straight-line annual depreciation method reduces the value of an asset by a pre-determined fixed amount. Hence the formula is the Purchase Cost ÷ Useful lifespan to get the annual amount of depreciation</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>sales revenue</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e85cadd6442c5b3781f530ff2946b2d1"> <input type="radio"> Cash inflows – Cash outflows<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"> <input type="radio"> <span>Total revenue – Total costs</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3d0ddd3d7e65c431e995f23f44f210f1"> <input type="radio"> Unit price × Quantity sold<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Sales revenue is the money a firm earns from selling its goods and/or services. Hence, the formula is Unit price × Quantity sold (or Price × Quantity)</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>Average Fixed Cost</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="185fa1efc05b959fb38182f18b039393"> <input type="radio"> <span>Total costs ÷ Output level</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4ee6f7e4911dd8491ff288082e8489a1"> <input type="radio"> Total Fixed Costs ÷ Output level<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3315fa7bae79a7ffd9060a6144247edf"> <input type="radio"> Average cost x Output level<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The average fixed cost (AFC) is simply the total fixed costs of the firm spread over the number of units of output, so is calculated by using the formula Total Fixed Costs ÷ Output level</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>capital employed</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0e617f4a6718c074743fb99e68800d30"> <input type="radio"> Loan capital + Share capital<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9fb2c288126307468abd8d57ef4bdf60"> <input type="radio"> Loan capital + Share capital + Retained profits<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="35ed73f9311f2cf5e9aad68ab17f66cb"> <input type="radio"> Fixed assets + Current assets - Current liabilities<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Capital employed refers to the sum of internal and external sources of finance for a business. Hence, this is comprised of loan capital (external sources) plus share capital and retained profits (both internal sources)</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for determining the <strong>cost to make</strong>? <em>(HL Only)</em></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ece9e32844feca85ad38bad52a02bdda"> <input type="radio"> P × Q<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="fdb389ba0f5b7a6ed39261f499fd1d7e"> <input type="radio"> TFC + (AVC × Q) or TFC + TVC<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="851634a2121847d3a9aa538356997707"> <input type="radio"> TR – TC<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The cost to make refers to how much a firm must pay if it produces goods for which it intends to sell to consumers (rather than the costs of buying the goods to resell to customers). The formula is: Cost to make = TFC + (AVC × Q) or TFC + TV</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">C, where:</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">TFC = Total fixed costs</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">AVC = Average variable costs</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Q = Quantity</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">TFC = Total fixed costs, and</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">TVC = Total variable costs</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the formula for calculating a firm's cost of sales (COS)?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="57148fc0e87ce1027797d016582252fd"> <input type="radio"> Sales revenue – cost of sales<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="c98050963d42b57d184c1108102c23b0"> <input type="radio"> Opening stock + Purchases – Closing stock<span></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="55baa83520436f13918c0eb82fcd960f"> <input type="radio"> Opening balance + Net cash flow<span></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="6a1ee50c14e04c5ff5c438e664ba4a7d"><input type="radio"> Total fixed costs + Total variable costs</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The cost of sales (COS) are the direct costs of trading, so are calculated by using the formula: Opening stock + Purchases – Closing stock.</span></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check" title=""><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>gross profit</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="19bc125d094a4e48691bf45c2a906217"> <input type="radio"> Sales revenue – Expenses<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="132e85610e868af8ac2bbdd877f01329"> <input type="radio"> Sales revenue – Cost of Goods Sold<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"> <input type="radio"> Total revenue – Total costs<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Gross profit is also referred to as trading profit, i.e. the difference between sales revenue and the direct costs of production (cost of goods sold)</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating the <strong>net</strong> <strong>cash flow</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aaa4d6cb3c8bf7e5214030d053193cec"> <input type="radio"> <span>Cash outflow – Cash inflow</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="48e06d11af3e1f536a1dac899089b4f7"> <input type="radio"> Cash inflow – Cash outflow<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="00bebb4f79fd6f908c6e37d02fa75614"> <input type="radio"> Opening balance + Cash flow<span class="radio"><span>– Cash inflow</span></span></label><span></span> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The net cash flow (NCF) is simply the difference between cash inflow and cash outflow per time period, usually per month.</p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating labour productivity?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8ffd643c4a16ad8f52b44acccc920e8b"> <input type="radio"> <span>Total number of workers ÷ Total output</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f07dd014fcf527cda309b810011438ff"> <input type="radio"> Labour input ÷ Labour output<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="50355af363389ff5203068407a11fd45"> <input type="radio"> <span>Total output ÷ Number of workers</span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Labour productivity is the output per worker, so is calculating by the formua total output / number of workers.</p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating<strong> net current assets</strong>? (HL Only)</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8010c4569004d49965102a7b972bd359"> <input type="radio"> Current assets – Current liabilities<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e85cadd6442c5b3781f530ff2946b2d1"> <input type="radio"> Cash inflows – Cash outflows<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e49645b13756e7106176e9c1f79ac968"> <input type="radio"> <span>Current assets + Fixed assets</span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>As the name suggests, the term net current assets is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. Hence the correct formula is Current assets – Current liabilities.</p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for determining <strong>break-even</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="60f09902b5e38ccfecb8d245d36bb0ef"> <input type="radio"> (Price – Average Variable Cost) x Total output<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"> <input type="radio"> Total revenue – Total costs<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ef2e45694960254b33209c8ab186fa06"> <input type="radio"> Total fixed costs ÷ Unit contribution<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Break-even is determined by the formula Total fixed costs ÷ (P – AVC) x Quantity, i.e. Total fixed costs ÷ Unit contribution</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>current assets</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="35ed73f9311f2cf5e9aad68ab17f66cb"> <input type="radio"> Fixed assets + Current assets - Current liabilities<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3cbc2b2bf9bf2dc4403acadbafb8edd7"> <input type="radio"> Overdraft + Tax + Dividends + Creditors<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="33947ecd1b6fb315ff8f23ef17e905d2"> <input type="radio"> Stock + Cash + Debtors<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Current assets are items of value owned by the business, intended for trading purposes (unlike fixed assets). These comprise of stocks (inventory), cash, and debtors</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>current liabilities</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9fb2c288126307468abd8d57ef4bdf60"> <input type="radio"> Loan capital + Share capital + Retained profits<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="14a1981e4d36db75e427c6a1b1e2de87"> <input type="radio"> Fixed assets – Long-term liabilities<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3cbc2b2bf9bf2dc4403acadbafb8edd7"> <input type="radio"> Overdraft + Tax + Dividends + Creditors <span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Current liabilities are sums of money owed within the (current) tax year, i.e. Overdraft + Tax + Dividends + Creditors</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating the <strong>reducing-balance annual depreciation</strong>? <em>(HL Only)</em></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="700303337e8a71ccbf1bacaf34801369"> <input type="radio"> Gross profit – Cumulative depreciation<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="90f714595b864a04a241f7e3ba71bc0c"> <input type="radio"> Purchase Cost – Cumulative depreciation<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b4c24809cbcef4591823dc7b7a25ff76"> <input type="radio"> Historic costs – Average depreciation<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The reducing-balance annual depreciation method reduces the value of an asset by a predetermined percentage each year. Hence, it can be calculated using the formula Purchase cost – Cumulative depreciation (or the Historic cost – Cumulative depreciation).</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>net current assets</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e49645b13756e7106176e9c1f79ac968"> <input type="radio"> <span>Current assets + Fixed assets</span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8010c4569004d49965102a7b972bd359"> <input type="radio"> Current assets – Current liabilities<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e85cadd6442c5b3781f530ff2946b2d1"> <input type="radio"> Cash inflows – Cash outflows<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>As the name suggests, the term net current assets is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. Hence the correct formula is Current assets – Current liabilities.</p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating the <strong>margin of safety</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="96fcee560da6402c9e661cbcbbe30ba9"> <input type="radio"> Total fixed costs ÷ (Price – Average Variable Cost)<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"> <input type="radio"> Total revenue – Total costs<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d9798929494009eaa0c7f096bcb823c3"> <input type="radio"> Level of demand – Break-even quantity<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The safety margin is the difference between a firm's actual sales volume (how much it sells) and how much it needs to sell in order to break even). Therefore, the correct formula is Margin of safety = Level of demand – Break-even quantity.</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the formula for calculating profit?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"><input type="radio"> Total revenue – Total costs</label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="7489b379f9f2571e9dac1b2cd81a624b"><input type="radio"> Gross profit – Expenses</label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="7489b379f9f2571e9dac1b2cd81a624b"><input type="radio"> Gross profit – Expenses</label></p><p><label class="radio" data-answer="dedc981f88f88b501cd43af4596519f1"><input type="radio"> Price – Average variable cost</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Profit (before interest and tax) is the financial surplus of a firm after all its direct costs (or cost of sales) and indirect costs (expenses) have been paid, i.e., Profit = Gross profit – Expenses.</span></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check" title=""><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for determining the <strong>cost to buy</strong>? <em>(HL Only)</em></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="81a46ef8ca42c56c39af1c2a91dc3799"> <input type="radio"> Price × Quantity<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="60f09902b5e38ccfecb8d245d36bb0ef"> <input type="radio"> (Price – Average Variable Cost) x Total output<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"> <input type="radio"> Total revenue – Total costs<span></span></label> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The cost to make refers to how much a firm must pay if it purchases products which it intends to resell to the consumer (rather than the costs of producing the product in-house). The formula is: Cost to buy = Price × Quantity.</span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="10243,10257,10256,10260,10246,10268,10248,10251,10244,10241,10247,10264,10249,10250,10255,10245,10265,10253,10266,10254">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula for calculating <strong>profit</strong>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="be3f8a83c00dd1b266fd324035d82a3c"> <input type="radio"> Fixed assets – Current assets<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="aedb5a874f29e1803a938c31c3258c37"> <input type="radio"> Total revenue – Total costs<span></span></label> </p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e49645b13756e7106176e9c1f79ac968"> <input type="radio"> Current assets + Fixed assets<span class="radio"><span></span></span></label><span></span> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Profit is the positive difference between a firm's sales revenue (or Total revenue) and its costs of production (or Total costs)</span></p>
</div>
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<script>var isStudent = true;var siteName = "businessmanagement";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/tib-quizzes-utils.min-1.js?v=20230810"></script>
<script>function a59f9b99f53c44df3(gradeQuiz) {
var url = '/pages/quizzes/get-structure.php',
data = {
'ticket' : $('#ticket').val(),
'data-structure': gradeQuiz.dataStructure,
'score-answers' : gradeQuiz.scoreAnswers,
'std-answers' : gradeQuiz.stdAnswers,
'n-question' : gradeQuiz.nQuestion,
'std-task-id' : gradeQuiz.taskStdId,
'quiz-seconds' : gradeQuiz.quizSeconds,
'is-exam' : gradeQuiz.isExam,
'student-ID' : typeof studentID !== 'undefined' ? studentID : '',
'task-ID' : $('#task-ID').length ? $('#task-ID').val() : '',
'chk-correctness': gradeQuiz.button.data('chk-correctness') ? '1' : '0'
};
$.post(url, data, 'json').done(function(response){
var r = JSON.parse(response);
if (r.success == 1) {
if (gradeQuiz.checkTotal) {
logQuiz(gradeQuiz.button, gradeQuiz.quiz, r, gradeQuiz.notRequired);
} else {
// Check single exercise both from teacher and student side
if (!r.ss || !r.sa) {
alert('You cannot do this task again until after the deadline');
return false;
}
var logger = {};
var mScoreMark = checkExercise(gradeQuiz.exercise, r, gradeQuiz.nQuestion);
//Only needed on Student Access: one by one question log
if (typeof quizLogger === 'function') {
logger = quizLogger(gradeQuiz.quiz, mScoreMark, false);
}
//Only needed on Student Access
if (typeof saveQuizLog === 'function' && !$.isEmptyObject(logger)) {
saveQuizLog(logger, 10, 0);
}
gradeQuiz.button.remove();
}
}
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// Show score only if allowed to show it
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var totalScore = r.score;
var totalMark = r.mark;
var scoreContainer = $('a.check-total').closest('.totals').find('span.score');
if (totalScore == 100) { scoreContainer.addClass('A'); }
else if (totalScore > 70) { scoreContainer.addClass('B'); }
else if (totalScore > 50) { scoreContainer.addClass('C'); }
else if (totalScore > 30) { scoreContainer.addClass('D'); }
else { scoreContainer.addClass('E'); }
scoreContainer.append('<strong>'+ totalMark +'</strong> <small style="opacity: .8">('+ totalScore +'%)</small>');
} else {
$('#quiz-checker').find('.score-container').remove();
}
$('#task-completed-badge').show();
$("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: $('#task-completed-badge').position().top });
controlExamInCombinedTask();
gradeQuiz.button.remove();
}
if (r.success == 0) {
alert(r.msg);
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$(document).ready(function(){
if (!$('#ticket').length) {
var inputTicket = '<input type="hidden" id="ticket" value="fd6a5e8a06cfccf2">';
$('body').append(inputTicket);
}
$('section').on('click', '.tib-quiz #save-quiz-progress', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
let button = $(this);
button.html("<i class=\"fa fa-fw fa-spinner fa-spin colored\"></i> Saving...");
setTimeout(function() {
button.html("<i class=\"fa fa-fw fa-check colored\"></i> Saved!");
}, 2000);
setTimeout(function() {
button.html("<i class=\"fa fa-fw fa-save\"></i> Save progress");
}, 4500);
});
/**
* Quiz final green CHECK button
*/
$('section').on('click', '.tib-quiz .check-total', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var body = $('body');
var button = $(this);
var quiz = $(this).closest('.tib-quiz');
var dataStructure = quiz.attr('data-structure');
var scoreAnswers = quiz.attr('data-score-answers');
var notRequired = false;
var taskID = $('#task-ID').length ? $('#task-ID').val() : '';
var taskStdId = $('#std-task-id').length ? $('#std-task-id').val() : '';
//Only for combined tasks
if (typeof button.attr('data-task-id') !== 'undefined') {
var taskID = button.attr('data-task-id');
$('#task-ID').val(taskID);
}
if (typeof button.attr('data-combined-task-required') !== 'undefined' && button.attr('data-combined-task-required') === 'short-answer') {
notRequired = true;
}
if (typeof scoreAnswers == 'undefined') {
scoreAnswers = null;
}
var quizSeconds = '';
if (typeof amountSecs != 'undefined') {
quizSeconds = amountSecs;
}
var isExam = false;
if (typeof examTime != 'undefined') {
isExam = true;
}
body.css('cursor', 'wait');
// Remove grade-by-question 'save progress' button
if ($('#save-quiz-progress').length) {
$('#save-quiz-progress').remove();
}
$.when(
// Collect the std answers
checkAllExercises(quiz)
).then(
function(stdAnswers) {
var gradeQuiz = {
button: button,
quiz: quiz,
dataStructure: dataStructure,
scoreAnswers: scoreAnswers,
stdAnswers: stdAnswers,
checkTotal: true,
nQuestion: null,
exercise: null,
notRequired: notRequired,
taskStdId: taskStdId,
quizSeconds: quizSeconds,
isExam: isExam
};
a59f9b99f53c44df3(gradeQuiz);
body.css('cursor', 'default');
// Was the task already submitted time ago
if( $('#task-completed-badge').hasClass('already-submitted')) {
$('#task-completed-badge').show();
$('#return-my-tasks-q').show();
$("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: $('#task-completed-badge').position().top });
}
}
);
});
/**
* Quiz exercise individual CHECK button
*/
$('section').on('click', '.exercise .btn.check', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var body = $('body');
var button = $(this);
var exercise = button.closest('div.exercise');
var quiz = $(this).closest('.tib-quiz');
var dataStructure = quiz.attr('data-structure');
var scoreAnswers = quiz.attr('data-score-answers');
var nQuestion = 0;
//Only for combined tasks
if (typeof $('.check-total').attr('data-task-id') !== 'undefined') {
var taskID = $('.check-total').attr('data-task-id');
$('#task-ID').val(taskID);
}
if (typeof scoreAnswers == 'undefined') {
scoreAnswers = null;
}
var gradeQuiz = {
button: button,
quiz: quiz,
dataStructure: dataStructure,
scoreAnswers: scoreAnswers,
checkTotal: false,
nQuestion: nQuestion,
exercise: exercise,
notRequired: false,
};
body.css('cursor', 'wait');
quiz.find('.exercise').each(function(){
if ($(this)[0] == exercise[0]) {
$(this).find('.q-answer').find('input').attr('disabled', true);
if (quiz.find('.exercise .btn.check').length === 1) {
quiz.find('.check-total').trigger('click');
return;
}
gradeQuiz['nQuestion'] = nQuestion;
a59f9b99f53c44df3(gradeQuiz);
body.css('cursor', 'default');
}
nQuestion++;
});
});
/**
* Quiz exercise individual RESET button
*/
$('section').on('click', '.exercise .btn.reset', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var btn_reset = $(this);
var exercise = $(this).closest('div.exercise');
var quiz = $(this).closest('.tib-quiz');
var url = '/pages/quizzes/get-self-study-question.php',
data = {
'ticket' : $('#ticket').val(),
'question-id' : exercise.data('id') ? exercise.data('id') : null
};
btn_reset.html('<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i> Reset ');
$.post(url, data, function(response)
{
if(response['success'] == '1') {
var question = $('<div />').html( response['html'] );
if (question.find('div.exercise').length === 1) {
$.when(
exercise.html(question.find('div.exercise')[0].innerHTML)
).then(
tibQuiz(quiz),
limitMultipleChoiceAnswers(exercise),
dragOver(),
dragLeave(),
drop(),
bindDraggables(),
alertMaxCorrectAnswers(quiz),
addLettersBeforeOptions(false, exercise),
MathLive.renderMathInDocument()
);
}
}
else if (response['success'] == '0') {
btn_reset.html('<i class="fa fa-repeat"></i> Reset ');
alert(response['msg']);
}
}, 'json');
});
});</script>
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