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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="compare-contrast" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Compare & contrast</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../index.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Language System</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Key Language Issues</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Compare & contrast</span></li></ul>
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<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<p>.</p><p>.</p><p><span style="color:#B22222;"><em><strong>[A thought from a chinese student]</strong></em></span></p><h3 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier,monospace;">The thing is more difficult to get people more like to obtain, so if you got you will more treasure.</span></span></h3><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>I came across this gem in an exam script once ... and experienced that 'blank-out' feeling : you understand every single word, but sadly <em>only</em> as single words - taken together, the words seem to make no sense. But the sentence does make sense. Try this translation ...</p><p style="text-align: center;"><em>The more difficult a thing is to obtain, the more people want it - and so the more you will treasure it if you get it.</em></p><p>Which is very true, when you think about it! And I recall that the rest of the student's script was actually of very high quality, being thoughtful, well argued, and generally very skillfully expressed. So what went wrong here?</p><p>One explanation is that, I have been told, this is a fairly literal direct translation from a saying in Chinese - so it is the result of classic L1 interference.</p><p>The other explanation - and this is complementary, not contradictory - is that the student simply lacked a clear understanding of the comparative structure 'the more... the more...'. You can see that he is aiming for this, through the repetition three times of 'more', but he obviously doesn't have the technique and the structure clearly worked out.</p><h3>Presenting the structure</h3><p>With that in mind, here are simple diagrammatic representations of the way this comparative structure works. You should project these, using Presentation mode. Each version of the pattern is accompanied by an example - click on the little show/hide icon to see the examples. You might then reinforce the structure by asking the class to think up parallel examples ... and then notice the suggestion at the end, that you can use the qBank to generate exercises for further practice.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/compare-contrast-1.jpg" style="width: 541px; height: 111px;"></p><p style="text-align: center;">.</p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><h3><span style="color:#000080;">For example...</span></h3><h4><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;"><em>The harder they come, the harder they fall</em></span></span></h4></section><p>.</p><p>.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/compare-contrast-2.jpg" style="width: 534px; height: 111px;"></p><p>.</p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><h3><span style="color:#000080;">For example...</span></h3><h4><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><em>The more I learn, the less I understand</em></span></span></h4></section><p>.</p><p>.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/compare-contrast-3.jpg" style="width: 526px; height: 108px;"></p><p>.</p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><h3><span style="color:#000080;">For example...</span></h3><h4><em><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">The less stress I have, the less tired I am.</span></span></em></h4></section><p>.</p><p>.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/compare-contrast-4.jpg" style="width: 561px; height: 109px;"></p><p>.</p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><h3><span style="color:#000080;">For example...</span></h3><h4><span style="color:#0000FF;"><em><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">The less homework I have, the more time I have to PARTY!</span></em></span></h4></section><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><h4><span style="color:#0000FF;"><em>Exercise for practice</em></span></h4><p>And now try using these simple structures to express complex ideas clearly and efficiently. This is a dynamic quiz - it refreshes itself with new questions every time you open the page (well, up to a certain limit, of course!)</p><div class="tib-quiz" data-structure="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" data-question-ids="1552,1546,1570,1572,1547"> <div class="exercise" data-id="1552,1546,1570,1572,1547">
<div class="q-question">
<p>The more dangerous ....... , the more he likes it.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7a552076ee5942649ee37e4c6730f663"><input type="radio"> a sport is</label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ac2b6429b96f26535bc102f3f3cf3098"><input type="radio"> is a sport</label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="052e5e7eaacd7e19746698665fd47484"><input type="radio"> is sports</label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ba76381cb8abf74432fb34fe2eea78e6"><input type="radio"> is sport</label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Notice the correct word order here. </span></span></p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<div class="exercise" data-id="1552,1546,1570,1572,1547">
<div class="q-question">
<p>The more Biology he learns, ...... to learn about Biology.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9de1cf6d16194816c67c5bacdbede978"><input type="radio"> the more he wants</label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7c5b1d40f69df334f0df16f4632b110e"><input type="radio"> more to want</label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f2d167b537d06c187f6941f60d695893"><input type="radio"> more he wants</label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d6fa8aa156aa6fa6011a5690eaa4d3be"><input type="radio"> the more</label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Notice the change of word-order - this is because 'the + comparative'is always followed by whatever is 'more' : in this case, the first section is about 'more <u>Biology</u>' and the second is about 'more <u>wanting</u>'. </span></span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="1552,1546,1570,1572,1547">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Under pressure at work... <em>into the gaps, write in the correct form of 'more' or 'less' structures, using the words suggested as required.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>The more interesting my job is, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (busy) I am, and so <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (hard) it is to be able to do eveything and <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (time) I have to sleep. </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Notice how the adjectives here, 'busy' and 'hard', are converted by adding '-er' ... and how the noun 'time' is converted by adding 'less' (with another noun, it be 'fewer' or more)</span></span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="1552,1546,1570,1572,1547">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Losing your temper... <em>into the gaps, write in the correct form of 'more' or 'less' structures, using the words suggested as required.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (angry) he got, the more he started to shout, but ... <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (loud) his voice became, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (squeaky) it became at the same time, and so <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> (ridiculous) he sounded !</p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Notice how words ending in '-y' are converted ... and that 'the more angry' and 'the more squeaky' would also be correct.</span></span></p>
</div>
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<div class="exercise" data-id="1552,1546,1570,1572,1547">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Taxation logic... <em> Drag the various phrases into the gaps in the passage, so as to complete the logic. </em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color:#B22222;">.... the poorer .... the less activity .... the lower .... the more .... the less money .... </span></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>The more taxes are raised, it is argued, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> people have to spend, and so there is less activity in the economy. <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> there is, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the amount of income from taxes. Therefore, the theory goes, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> you raise taxes, the less money the government actually receives, and so <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the government is. </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Notice how the comparative structure expresses a direct chain of connections - 'the more... the less...the more...' and so on.</span></span></p>
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</div><hr><div class="pinkBg"><h3>qBank resources</h3><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong>Compare & contrast structures</strong></span> ... ways of linking ideas together to show comparison, contrast, and often causal connection - as in "the more...the more..."</div><p>.</p><script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
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