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href="../434/structure-of-matter.html">Structure of matter</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Quarks</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 10 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 10'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p><img alt="" src="../../atomic/10-quack.jpg" style="float: left; width: 250px; height: 167px;">Usually we use numbers to represent physical properties. For example, charge is represented by positive and negative numbers.</p> <p>Quarks (not quacks!) combine in ways that numbers alone can not model so colour is used.</p> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <div class="panel panel-turquoise panel-has-colored-body"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Key Concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>All hadrons are made of quarks: baryons have 3, mesons 2.</p> <p>There are 6 flavours of quark. They have a charge of either <span class="math-tex">\(+{2\over 3}\)</span> or <span class="math-tex">\(-{1\over 3}\)</span> and spin of <span class="math-tex">\(1\over 2\)</span>.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/189678500"></iframe></div> <p>We can show the individual quarks involved in particle interactions, rather than the full baryons or mesons.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/189796731"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test Yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><em>Use quizzes to practise application of theory.</em></p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#85b005c7"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="85b005c7"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> Quarks <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="6-119-441" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following is not made of quarks?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> pi meson</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> proton</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> electron</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> neutron</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The electron is a lepton, quarks are the building blocks of baryons.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The properties of the up and down quark are:</p><p>u: charge +2/3 spin 1/2</p><p>d. charge -1/3 spin 1/2</p><p>What are the possible spins for a baryon made of u and down quarks?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 1/2 or 3/2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1/2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 0 or 1/2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 3/2</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>3/2 if all aligned, 1/2 if one unaligned</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The properties of the up and down quark are:</p><p>u: charge +2/3 spin 1/2</p><p>d. charge -1/3 spin 1/2</p><p>What is the quark content of a proton</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> ddu</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> uud</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> uuu</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> ddd</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>uud gives charge +1</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The properties of the up and down quark are:</p><p>u: charge +2/3 spin 1/2</p><p>d. charge -1/3 spin 1/2</p><p>What is the quark content of a neutron</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> uuu</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> ddu</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> ddd</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> uud</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>ddu gives charge 0</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Mesons are all composed of</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> any of these</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> quark + antiquark</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> antiquark + antiquark</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> quark + quark</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>always quark antiquark pairs</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>up, down, top and bottom are all</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> colours</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> gluons</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> flavours</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> colour charge</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>They don't taste of anything but they are different flavours</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>If mass is the property that causes gravitational attraction, what property causes the attraction between quarks?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> charm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> colour charge</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> flavour</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> charge</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>quarks can't be seen but they are red blue and green</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Quarks can never be separated because</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> so much energy is used that quark pairs are created</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> they can we just haven't found one yet</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> they don't really exist they are just a theory</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> the force is too big</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>mesons are created</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The following diagram represents beta decay</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="200" src="../../mc-images/screen-shot-2017-01-05-at-13.56.03.png" width="324"></p><p>The exchange particle is</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> W-</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> gluon</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> W+</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> photon</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>it´s a weak interaction and there is transfer of -ve charge</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The following diagram represents beta decay</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" height="200" src="../../mc-images/screen-shot-2017-01-05-at-13.56.03.png" width="324"></p><p>The other quarks not shown are</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> du</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> uu</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> ds</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> dd</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>ddu changes to uud</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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