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Damped and driven oscillations</a></label></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Explanations <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="2660" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../physics.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Explanations</span></li> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p>Today I asked my class, of which Adriana from Romania was a member<img alt="" src="../../images/img_2131-1.jpg" style="width: 350px; height: 263px; float: left;">, to explain why the temperature of an insulated cylinder of gas will increase when the volume is reduced. The rather fragmented explanations led me to spend some time talking about what we mean by an explanation. Actually I should say what I mean, I can't speak for everyone.</p> <p>An explanation is a series of true statements that follow each other logically to give an understanding of a process that enable us to make predictions. Each statement should be a law, definition or obvious. Here's an example.</p> <p>1. To reduce the volume the piston is moved. (obvious)</p> <p>2. The gas exerts a pressure pushing the piston out so moving it in requires an unbalanced force (Newt 1)</p> <p>3. The point of application of the force moves in the direction of the force so work is done. (def. work)</p> <p>4. If work is done energy is transferred. (def. energy)</p> <p>5. There are no forces between gas atoms (assumptions of kinetic theory)</p> <p>6. The gas atoms have no PE (def PE)</p> <p>7. KE of atoms increases (obvious)</p> <p>8.The temperature increases (3/2kT)</p> <p>I think such an explanation would be awarded 3 marks in an exam so some steps are maybe not so important, i'd chose 2 4 and 7 for my mark scheme I think.</p> <p>Making explanations takes some practice and you have to understand the physics in each step for them to make sense. To help you on your way I thought I would make a list of all possible explanations. If I have time I might even write the explanations.</p> <p>I have just had an idea for a fun activity. I make an explanation and cut up the rext into individual points. Students then put the statements into the correct order.</p> <p>Try these:</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="6-775-2660"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Explain why a ball dropped from a 20 storey building falls through the air with constant velocity as it passes the last two floors of the building.</p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The forces are unbalanced.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">On release the only force acting on the ball is weight. </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The ball falls with constant velocity.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The forces are balanced.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The ball accelerates</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Drag is proportional to v squared.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Drag increases as the ball gets faster.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The ball is now moving through the air. </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Drag opposes the motion of the ball. </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">After some distance drag = weight.</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="On release the only force acting on the ball is weight. "> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The forces are unbalanced."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The ball accelerates"> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The ball is now moving through the air. "> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Drag opposes the motion of the ball. "> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Drag is proportional to v squared."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Drag increases as the ball gets faster."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="After some distance drag = weight."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The forces are balanced."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The ball falls with constant velocity."> <span class="review"></span> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p> </p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A box is placed on a wooden plank. One end of the plank is lifted making an inclined plane. Explain why the box does not move at first but when it starts to move it accelerates</p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> As the end is lifted mgsinθ increases and the normal force decreases.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The forces are unbalanced</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The box is in contact with the plank so there is a normal force up.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The maximum friction force = μN</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The friction is now dynamic friction which is less than static friction.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">As the plank is lifted there is a component of weight down the slope mgsinθ.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The plank is not frictionless so there is a friction force opposing mgsinθ.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The block accelerates</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">The box is in a gravitational field so there is a force down.</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">At some point mgsinθ > μN so the block starts to move. </span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The box is in a gravitational field so there is a force down."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The box is in contact with the plank so there is a normal force up."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="As the plank is lifted there is a component of weight down the slope mgsinθ."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The plank is not frictionless so there is a friction force opposing mgsinθ."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The maximum friction force = μN"> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" As the end is lifted mgsinθ increases and the normal force decreases."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="At some point mgsinθ > μN so the block starts to move. "> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The friction is now dynamic friction which is less than static friction."> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The forces are unbalanced"> <span class="review"></span> </p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="The block accelerates"> <span class="review"></span> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p> </p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <hr class="thin"> <div id="modal-feedback" class="modal fade" 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