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href="../../../physics.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../252/thermal.html">Thermal</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../258/modelling-gases.html">Modelling gases</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Boyle's law</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 10 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 10'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p><img alt="" src="../../thermal/gas-4.jpg" style="float: left; width: 150px; height: 189px;">Boyle's law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume, for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature.</p> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <div class="panel panel-turquoise panel-has-colored-body"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Key Concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="box"> <p style="text-align: center;"><span class="math-tex">\(p\propto {1\over V}\)</span></p> <ul> <li><span class="math-tex">\(p\)</span> is pressure (Pa)</li> <li><span class="math-tex">\(V\)</span> is volume (m<sup>3</sup>)</li> </ul> </div> <p style="text-align: center;"><span class="math-tex">\(p_1V_1=p_2V_2\)</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel panel-yellow panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Simulated experiment</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><img class="sibico" src="../../../img/sibico/video.svg" style="height:1.25em;width: auto;vertical-align:text-bottom" title="Video"> Boyle's law can be verified by measuring the pressure of a fixed mass of gas as its volume is changed. The graph of <em>p</em> vs <em>V</em> shows an inverse relationship.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/163918632"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-expandable"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Kinetic theory explanation</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><img class="sibico" src="../../../img/sibico/video.svg" style="height:1.25em;width: auto;vertical-align:text-bottom" title="Video"> The pressure of a gas increases when the volume is made smaller. This is because the molecules are closer to the walls and so collide with the walls more often. If the temperature is constant, so is the kinetic energy of the molecules and the force exerted by each collision.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/163912388"></iframe></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test Yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><em>Use quizzes to practise application of theory.</em> </p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#e825e190"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="e825e190"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> Boyle's law <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="6-63-259" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Fill in the gaps in this statement of Boyle's law</p><p>Word list; pressure, volume temperature, proportional, directly inversely, mass</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>The <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" pressure "> <span class="review"></span> of a fixed <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="mass "> <span class="review"></span> of gas at constant <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="temperature"> <span class="review"></span> is <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" inversely "> <span class="review"></span> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" proportional "> <span class="review"></span> to the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" volume "> <span class="review"></span> .</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Boyle sounds like something to do with heating but it's not.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A syringe full of gas is lying on the table in the lab. If the volume is reduced to half the pressure will be:</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 200 kPa</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 100 kPa</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 10 kPa</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 50 kPa</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Worth remembering that normal atmospheric pressure is about 100 kPa. Halving the volume will double the pressure.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The volume of a gas is increased from 10 mL to 50 mL.</p><p>If the initial pressure was 250 kPa the pressure now is:</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1250 kPa</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 100 kPa</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 50 kPa</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 250 kPa</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>5x volume so 1/5 pressure</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph shows data from a Boyle's law experiment</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../images/blq1.png" style="width: 340px; height: 292px;"></p><p>Which of the following statements is true:</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The data proves Boyle's law</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The data disproves Boyle's law</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The data supports Boyle's law</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Difficult to make any conclusion</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Can't conclude without plotting a best fit P = 1/V curve and for that you would need a computer. Oh! you have one.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Fill in the gaps for this explanation of why pressure increases with decreasing volume</p><p>Word list: force, volume, momentum, speed, density, area, pressure</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>The <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" pressure "> <span class="review"></span> of a gas is caused by the change of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" momentum "> <span class="review"></span> of the molecules when they hit the walls of the container. Decreasing the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" volume "> <span class="review"></span> increases the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" density "> <span class="review"></span> of the molecules so there will be more collisions per unit <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" area "> <span class="review"></span> . So even though the molecules have the same <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" speed "> <span class="review"></span> the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" force "> <span class="review"></span> they exert will be greater.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>If you were going to do an experiment to verify Boyle's law which quantities should you measure?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> P and V</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> V and T</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> P, V and T</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> P and T</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>You should measure T as well so you know it is constant.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-default"> 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