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href="meiosis-33.html">Meiosis 3.3</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../793/inheritance-34.html">Inheritance 3.4</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../794/genetic-modification-35.html">Genetic Modification 3.5</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Meiosis 3.3 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="792" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../465/03-genetics-sl.html">03 Genetics SL</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Meiosis 3.3</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675505957" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Summary list for topic 3.3 Meiosis</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Exam style question about genes</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Model answer</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6"> 3.3 Meiosis 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" readonly="true" src="../../images/03_genetics/meiosis_painting.jpg" style="width: 465px; height: 465px;"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">Meiosis is the process which allows sexual reproduction to be possible. It produces four haploid cells which make gametes. Sometimes non-disjunction can cause problems when the movement of chromosomes doesn't happen as it is supposed to. In this topic you cover how the chromosomes move during meiosis, crossing over of chromatids and non-disjunction leading to trisomy 21.</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 3.3 meiosis using these flashcards.</p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/64570560/flashcards/embed" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-148" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="148"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-148" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img001.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-148" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img001.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img002.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-148" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img002.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img03.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-148" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img03.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img004.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-148" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img004.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-148" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-148" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img001-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img002-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img03-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-148/img004-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Summary list for topic 3.3 Meiosis<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <ul> <li>Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei from one diploid nucleus.</li> <li>Haploid nuclei allow a life cycle with fusion of gametes.</li> <li>DNA is replicated before meiosis so that all chromosomes at start of meiosis are 'double stranded' with two sister chromatids.</li> <li>The early stages of meiosis involve pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over followed by condensation.</li> <li>Random orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes.</li> <li>Separation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in the first division of meiosis halves the chromosome number.</li> <li>Genetic variation is the result of crossing over and random orientation.</li> <li>Different parents providing gametes promotes genetic variation.</li> </ul> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main details of topic 3.3 Meiosis.<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map, from memory if you can.</p> <div id="carousel-146" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="146"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspiderlist.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-146" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspiderlist.jpeg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspidersimple.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-146" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspidersimple.jpeg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspider.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-146" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspider.jpeg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-146" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-146" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspidersimple-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-146/33meiosisspider-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-3">Exam style question about genes<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>The skill of understanding the movement of chromosomes in meiosis is important in this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below on a piece of paper, then check your answer with the model answer.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>The diagram shows the karyogram of a species of fly and the nuclei of four of its haploid spermatocyte cells after meiosis has taken place.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/non_disjunction.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 339px;"></p> <p><strong>Explain how the nuclei of the cells in images E and G have become different sizes during the process of meiosis [4]</strong></p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <div class="yellowBg"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p><strong>Explain how the nuclei of the cells in image G have become different sizes during the process of meiosis [4]</strong></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The right hand cell in E and G has an extra chromosome.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The left hand cell in E and G is missing a chromosome.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">One possibility is that a pair of homologous chromosomes did not separate during anaphase of meiosis I</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">It is possible that two chromatids did not separate as they should during anaphase II</span>.</p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">This is called non-disjunction.</span></p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on meiosis and variation - - - click the + to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><meta charset="utf-8"><span id="docs-internal-guid-68dd6795-7fff-971e-d2f4-3511ed516400" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;">This question requires knowledge of the process of meiosis and how it produces variation in gametes.</span></p> <p>Answer the question below on a piece of paper, then check your answer with the model answer.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Question: Describe how meiosis promotes genetic variation in gametes (4 marks) </strong></p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> <p>....................................................................................... ............................................................................</p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer. </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-5">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><em>Describe – give the details</em></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">In Prophase I of meiosis chromosomes pair to form a tetrad.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The alignment of the homologous pairs is random, so it is different every time.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Chiasmata (crossing over) exchanges DNA between non-sister chromatids in prophase I </span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Chromosomes are are separated in anaphase of meiosis, different combinations of chromosomes will occur in each gamete.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Gametes will each have different combinations of chromosomes.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Crossing over will be different in each case so that chromosome will contain different combinations of alleles.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>A quiz containing multiple choice questions covering the understanding and skills from this topic.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#516dedb7"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="516dedb7"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-6"> 3.3 Meiosis <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-365-792" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What type of cells are produced by meiosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Haploid gametes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Diploid gametes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Diploid skin cells</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Haploid skin cells</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Meiosis produces four haploid nuclei which form gamete cells.<br>Note than only one of the four cells becomes a human egg cell. The other three form polar bodies.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the benefit of producing cells which contain haploid nuclei?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>It is a way of producing cells more quickly.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>They are essential for asexual reproduction</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>They allow fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>They become stem cells.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Haploid nuclei allow a life cycle with fusion of gametes.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why are the chromosomes at the start of meiosis all double stranded?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Chromatids fuse together during fertilization</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>DNA replication happens twice during meiosis.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Chromatids join at the centromere during prophase</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>DNA replication produces a copy of all the DNA before meiosis.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA is replicated before meiosis so that all chromosomes at start of meiosis are 'double stranded' with two sister chromatids.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows one stage of meiosis. </p><p><img alt="" height="240" src="../../images/03_genetics/meiosis_image.jpeg" width="320"></p><p>Which description best describes the movement of chromosomes at this stage?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Single stranded chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>DNA is condensing into chromosomes.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Double stranded chromosomes have moved to opposite sides of the cell.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Chromatids are crossing over forming chiasma.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The early stages of meiosis involve pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over followed by condensation. This diagram shows the last stages of meiosis, the single stranded chromosomes have formed four haploid groups, and are about to become nuclei.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How are the chromosomes in this cell are lined up on spindle fibres?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/meiosis_metaphase.png" style="width: 311px; height: 316px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Random orientations of homologous pairs</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Random positions along the equator of the spindle</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Random orientations of single chromosome chromatids</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Random pairs of chromosomes in order of size.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>At metaphase I variation is promoted by the random orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>If a cell with 48 chromosomes begins to divide by meiosis, how many chromosomes will each cell have after the first division of meiosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>96</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>24</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>48</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>23</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Separation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in the first division of meiosis halves the chromosome number. As this cell starts with 48 chromosomes the cells will have 24 chromosomes after the first division.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which processes cause variation in the nuclei of the cells produced by meiosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Random orientation of chromosomes and condensation of DNA</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Crossing over and random orientation of homologous chromosomes</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Condensation of DNA and chromosome non-disjunction.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Condensation of DNA and DNA replication.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Genetic variation is the result of crossing over and random orientation</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is shown happening in this diagram?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/03_genetics/nondisjunction.jpeg" style="width: 280px; height: 263px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Meiosis II</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Non-disjunction</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Correct disjunction</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Prophase</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Describe how non-disjunction can cause Downs syndrome because two copies of one chromosome go into a cell instead of one.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id="header-7">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505957" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-890-792"><p>Trisomy 21 is the genetic cause of Down's syndrome.</p><p>Drag and drop the correct term or phrase into the gap to outline the cause of Down's syndrome and methods for embryonic karyotyping to test for the condition.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">age</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">first</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> two copies</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">DNA mutation</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">non-disjunction</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">miscarriage</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">chromosomal</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">second</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">risk</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">fertilised</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">three copies</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">karyotype</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">placenta</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">sperm</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">amniocentesis</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Trisomy 21 is the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="chromosomal"> <span class="review"></span> mutation that causes Down’s syndrome. The cause is <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="non-disjunction"> <span class="review"></span> of chromosome pair 21 in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="second"> <span class="review"></span> stage of meiosis leading to <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" two copies"> <span class="review"></span> of chromosome 21 entering the ovum . On fertilisation, the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="sperm"> <span class="review"></span> contributes one more chromosome 21 leading to three being present in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="fertilised"> <span class="review"></span> ovum.</p><p>As the condition has been shown to be related to the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="age"> <span class="review"></span> of the mother, the embryo can be tested during pregnancy. This is done by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="karyotype"> <span class="review"></span> analysis of cells taken from the embryonic part of the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="placenta"> <span class="review"></span> (chorionic villus sampling) or from the umbilical cord ( <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="amniocentesis"> <span class="review"></span> ). Both methods carry a degree of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="risk"> <span class="review"></span> of damage to the foetus or of causing a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="miscarriage"> <span class="review"></span> .</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>The inheritance of an extra chromosome caused by non-disjuntion of a pair of chromatids in meiosis II is a chromosomal mutaion.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. Try this <a href="http://quizlet.com/64570560/match" target="_blank">meiosis card match game</a></p> <p>Can you reach the leader board?</p> <ul> </ul> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/64570560/match/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="792"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Meiosis 3.3</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your notes here..."></textarea> 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