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class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../600/carbohydrates-lipids-23.html">Carbohydrates & Lipids 2.3</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../601/proteins-24.html">Proteins 2.4</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../585/enzymes-25.html">Enzymes 2.5</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../602/structure-of-dna-and-rna-26.html">Structure of DNA and RNA 2.6</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../603/dna-replication-transcription-translation-27.html">DNA Replication, transcription, translation 2.7</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../604/respiration-28.html">Respiration 2.8</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../605/photosynthesis-29.html">Photosynthesis 2.9</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Molecules to metabolism 2.1 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="577" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../463/02-molecular-biology.html">02 Molecular biology</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Molecules to metabolism 2.1</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" height="140" readonly="true" src="../../images/02_molecules/simple_molecules_smaller.jpg" width="170"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">The structure of living organisms can be partly explained by the molecules which they are made from. Live is based on carbon because the way in which carbon atoms form covalent bonds is central to the structure of the molecules which make up the bodies of all animals, plants and bacteria.</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for topic 2.1 molecules to metabolism using these flashcards.</p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/52023314/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-89" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="89"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img02.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img02.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img12.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img12.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img22.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img22.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img32.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img32.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img42.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img42.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img52.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img52.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img62.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img62.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img72.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img72.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img8.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-89" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img8.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-89" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-89" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img02-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img12-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img22-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img32-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img42-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img52-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="6"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img62-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="7"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img72-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="8"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-89/img8-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Summary list for 2.1 Molecules to metabolism</p> <p><u>Carbon based compounds</u></p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Molecular biology is explaining biological processes in terms of the chemicals involved.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">There is a diversity of Carbon based compounds in living things because carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds.<br> e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">All the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell make up its metabolism. There are two types: <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Anabolism: forming macromolecules from monomers by condensation.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Catabolism: breaking complex macromolecules into simpler molecules by hydrolysis.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Some biological compounds can be synthesised outside of living things: e.g. urea.</li> </ul> <p><u>Skills in drawing molecules</u></p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Draw diagrams of: <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">αD-glucose & βD-glucose.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">D-ribose.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">a fatty acid.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">an amino acid with generalised R-group.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="liWithoutP">Identification of biochemicals from diagrams to include: <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">monosaccharides.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">disaccharides.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids)</li> <li class="liWithoutP">amino acids.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">polypeptides and peptide bonds.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="liWithoutP">Knowledge of the Benedicts reagent test for reducing sugars and iodine to test for starch.</li> </ul> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3>Mindmaps</h3> <p>This diagram summaries the main sections of topic 2.1.<br> Test if you can draw something like these concept maps from memory. <br> Even better, design your own.</p> <div id="carousel-90" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="90"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-90/21spidercompact.png" data-fancybox="gallery-90" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-90/21spidercompact.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-90/2-1spiderlist3.png" data-fancybox="gallery-90" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-90/2-1spiderlist3.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-90/2-1spider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-90" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-90/2-1spider.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-90" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-90" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-90/21spidercompact-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-90/2-1spiderlist3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-90/2-1spider-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>The ability to draw monosaccharide molecules is an important skill in this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>The image shows a diagram of deoxyribose which is a molecule made from five carbon molecules.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/deoxyribose.png" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"></p> <p><strong>Distinguish between the structure of deoxyribose and the structure of αD-glucose</strong><strong>.<br> (A labelled diagram may be used in the answer). [3]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Distinguish between the structure of deoxyribose and the structure of αD-glucose</strong><strong>.<br> (A labelled diagram may be used in the answer). [4]</strong></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">This diagram shows the structure of <strong>αD-glucose.</strong></span></p> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/glucose_deoxyribose(1).jpg" style="width: 450px; height: 198px;"></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">There is an OH group on the number 2 carbon in glucose but not in deoxyribose</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Deoxyribose has five carbon atoms but glucose has six carbon molecules</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">The ring arrangement in glucose has a hexagonal shape whereas in ribose it has five points, like a pentagon.</span></p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question about metabolism</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This question looks at the broad classification of the enzyme catalysed reactions of metabolism.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>Enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell make up its metabolism. There are two types: Anabolism and Catabolism.<br> <strong>Outline the way that each of these reactions changes monomers and polymers in cells. [4]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline the way that each of these reactions changes monomers and polymers in cells. [4]</strong></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Anabolism is the part of metabolism that forms large macromolecules from monomers </span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Anabolism joins monomer molecules by condensation reactions</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Example: Glucose is made into Starch, amino acids are joined to form polypeptides.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Catabolism is the breaking down of large complex macromolecules into simpler molecules</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Catabolism uses hydrolysis reactions </span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Hydrolysis reactions add water (H and OH) to parts of the molecule to separate a bond, leaving OH groups at each end.</span></p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Example: Starch is broken down into maltose, or glucose.</span></p> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#d0066c0c"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="d0066c0c"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> 2.1 Molecules to metabolism <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-213-577" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following processes could be described as catabolism?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The production of a large DNA molecule from nucleotide monomers.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The synthesis of glycogen in the liver from glucose.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The digestion of starch into maltose in digestion.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The production of polypeptides from amino acids by the action of enzymes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Anabolism is building up of large complex molecules from smaller simple units (Hint to remember: anacondas are long snakes).</p><p>Catabolism is the breakdown of large complex molecules into smaller ones.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question">What is the biological term which describes all the enzyme catalysed reactions which take place in the cell?</div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> <span>Cytoplasm.</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> <span>Anabolism</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> <span>Catabolism. </span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Metabolism </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation">All the enzyme catalysed reactions are described as the cell's metabolism.<br>These reactions are classified as anabolic or catabolic depending on whether they make bigger molecules from small ones, or vice versa.</div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following molecules contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Disaccharides and polysaccharides.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ribose and DNA.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Proteins and carbohydrates.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Polypeptides and polysaccharides.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Carbohydrates, lipids and phospholipids do not contain nitrogen.<br>Amino acids and DNA contain nitrogen.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What did the theory of vitalism propose about organic molecules?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> That urea could only be produced in living organisms which had a soul.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> That urea molecules could be made from inorganic components.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> That organic molecules were made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> That all organic molecules could only be made in living organisms, not from inorganic components.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The formation of urea, known since 1773 experiments where the synthesis of an organic compound from two inorganic molecules was achieved for the first time weakened significantly the vitalistic hypothesis.</p><p>This hypothesis proposed that could not be synthesised from inorganic components.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following correctly identifies the monomers which make a polysaccharide molecule.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Monomers = One molecules of glucose and galactose. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Monomers = Glycerol and three monosaccharides. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Monomers = Many amino acid molecules.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Monomers = Many glucose molecules. </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Polysaccharides are composed of a chain of simple sugar molecules, like glucose.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which one of the molecule diagrams below correctly represents an amino acid molecule?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/amino_acid_id_question.png" style="width: 700px; height: 126px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> 2</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 4</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 1</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 3</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Note: in amino acids there is always an NH<sub>2</sub> and a COOH and one R group</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What type of molecule is shown by the model below?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/steroid_mol_testosterone.png" style="width: 400px; height: 247px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A fatty acid</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A glycerol</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> An amino acid</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A steroid</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Fatty acids have a long chain of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen and a carboxyl "COOH" group at the end.<br>This is a steroid molecule, testosterone. </p><p>As a lipid it has mostly carbon and hydrogen, and just two oxygen molecules.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>To test for starch which of the following points best describes the procedure?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Benedict's reagent is added and if starch is present it turns blue/black.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Biuret reagent is added and turns blue / black if starch is present.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Iodine is added and if starch is present it turns blue/black.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Iodine is added and turns orange / red if starch is present.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Benedict's reagent is used to test for reducing sugars. <br>Iodine is used to test for Starch - and turns blue / black</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image below shows the results of a chemical test for a biological molecule.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/02_molecules/benedicts_test_questin.png" style="width: 250px; height: 238px;"></p><p>What is the test and which molecule does this positive result show the presence of?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Benedict's test shows the presence of starch.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Iodine test, shows the presence of starch.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Iodine test, shows the presence of reducing sugar.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Benedict's test, shows the presence of a reducing sugar.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Benedict's reagent turns from a blue colour to an orange / red colour in the presence of a reducing sugar.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question">What does the R-group on a diagram of an amino acid represent?</div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A molecular structure which is different in each amino acid.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A polar side chain.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> An amphipathic region of the molecule.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The element Rubidium.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>There are about 20 different amino acids found in living organisms and each has a different molecular structure in the R-group.</p><p>This can be a simple -H atom, in alanine, -CH<sub>3</sub> or a more complicated structure.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr> <h3>Drag and drop activities</h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-833-577"><p>Test your construction of biological knowledge using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><strong>Metabolism</strong><o:p></o:p></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">protein</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">catalysed</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">hydrolysis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Anabolism</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">complex</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">water</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">smaller</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">sum</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">water</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">simpler</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">condensation</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Metabolism is the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="sum"> <span class="review"></span> of all the enzyme <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="catalysed"> <span class="review"></span> chemical reactions occurring in a cell.</p><p> <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Anabolism"> <span class="review"></span> is the synthesis of complex molecules from <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="simpler"> <span class="review"></span> molecules e.g. <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="protein"> <span class="review"></span> synthesis from amino acids. It occurs by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="condensation"> <span class="review"></span> reactions between monomers to produce polymers and <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="water"> <span class="review"></span> .</p><p>Catabolism is the breakdown of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="complex"> <span class="review"></span> molecules into simpler molecules. It occurs by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="hydrolysis"> <span class="review"></span> where the addition of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="water"> <span class="review"></span> to a chemical bond causes lysis (breaking) of the bond and the polymer breaks down into <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="smaller"> <span class="review"></span> units.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation/Examiner hint.Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism. Polymers are formed by condensation and broken down by hydrolysis.</em><em>Your understanding of metabolism will improve as it reoccurs throughout the syllabus content.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><p><o:p></o:p></p><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> <p>Click the '+' symbol to open the next explanation.</p> <div class="panel panel-expandable panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra drag and drop explanation on peptides and polypeptides</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-841-577"><p><strong>Peptide bonds, dipeptides and polypeptides.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe peptide bonds, dipeptides and polypeptides.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/2.4-amino-acid.jpg" style="width: 180px; height: 132px;"><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/2.4-peptide-bond.jpg" style="width: 150px; height: 129px;"><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/2-insulin.jpg" style="width: 474px; height: 231px;"></p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">function </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">polypeptide</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">multiple</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">amide</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">variable</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">different</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">peptide</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">20</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">dipeptide</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>An amino acid contains an <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="amide"> <span class="review"></span> group, an acid group and a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="variable"> <span class="review"></span> portion (the R group).</p><p>Two amino acids can condense to form a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="dipeptide"> <span class="review"></span> joined by a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="peptide"> <span class="review"></span> bond. A large number of amino acids can condense to form a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="polypeptide"> <span class="review"></span> chain.</p><p>Proteins can be single or <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="multiple"> <span class="review"></span> polypeptide chains</p><p>There is a great diversity of structure and <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="function "> <span class="review"></span> in proteins due to the fact that there are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="20"> <span class="review"></span> amino acid monomers that can be assembled in <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="different"> <span class="review"></span> sequences.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Examiner hint: You need to be able to recognise polypeptides and protein structure as a chain of amino acids.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs something a bit light hearted from time to time when revising. That's the aim of this last activity.<br> <a href="http://www.classtools.net/wordshooter/201903_9RL8cL" target="_blank">Molecules to metabolism arcade games</a></p> <ul> </ul> <p align="center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" scrolling="no" src="//www.classtools.net/widg/201903_9RL8cL" width="570"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="577"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Molecules to metabolism 2.1</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your 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