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<h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>What is the charge on an electron antineutrino and during what process is an electron antineutrino produced?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following lists the particles emitted during radioactive decay in order of increasing ionizing power? </p>
<p>A. γ, β, α<br>B. β, α, γ <br>C. α, γ, β<br>D. α, β, γ</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The mass of nuclear fuel in a nuclear reactor decreases at the rate of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mg</mi></math> every hour. The overall reaction process has an efficiency of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>50</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math>. What is the maximum power output of the reactor?</p>
<p>A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mi>MW</mi></math></p>
<p>B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>200</mn><mo> </mo><mi>MW</mi></math></p>
<p>C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mi>GW</mi></math></p>
<p>D.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>200</mn><mo> </mo><mi>GW</mi></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The discrimination index was below the desired 0.2 with a high number of blank responses and many candidates choosing each of the options. This is a question requiring consideration of units using 10<sup>-6</sup> for mg to kg and also remembering to allow for efficiency.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A pure sample of nuclide A and a pure sample of nuclide B have the same activity at time <em>t</em> = 0. Nuclide A has a half-life of <em>T</em>, nuclide B has a half-life of <em>2T</em>.</p>
<p>What is&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{\text{activity of A}}}}{{{\text{activity of B}}}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>activity of A</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>activity of B</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> when <em>t</em> = 4<em>T</em>?</p>
<p>A. &nbsp;4</p>
<p>B. &nbsp;2</p>
<p>C. &nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. &nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{4}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>4</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which Feynman diagram describes the annihilation of an electron and its antiparticle?</p>
<p><img 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BjCMZRjSIcHZZKABOYhoCCd4EywOxUmZ+ZOgHKzBAoSUJAyYCJGLBdwyUAGLLNIYAQBBakHvHTJgDNzPcCZVQKZBBSkTFBpNpcMpDT8LIFyBBSkESxjyUDMzLlkYARMD5XA4XBQkAqcBi4ZKADRIiSgIJU9B1wyUJanpe2PgB7SBH3ukoEJoFrkLggoSBN3s0sGJgZs8ZsioCDN1J0uGZgJtNWsmoCCNHP3uWRgZuBWtyoCCtJC3eWSgYXAW23VBBSkhbtn6JIBbv5lGGiSwJYIKEiV9GZzZg4Pqiu99davjk8k8ImXXZTctzYCClJlPRbCxI28PP7klBdEPrwkhMkkga0QUJAq7slzSwZ4Jji3rXz22e8rboWmSSCfgIKUz2qxnAgT3hJeU/MpA7Hdodti3WPFBQkoSAVhTl1U25IBguJ4SXfvvjd19ZYvgckJKEiTIy5fAc/7Tp//jRghSucC4eUtsUQJlCWgIJXlOWtp6ZKBl1764eGv/urHs9ZvZRIoTUBBKk10wvLwgHgRR8IrIn7En17iHcXrZz/7Wz2lCfvAoqcloCBNy7dI6QzRQnDiHTHihTgx24ZQ/fGP/+/4neA3QnVqyUARoyxEAhMQUJAmgDpFkeEd5c6mnVsyMIWNlimBsQQUpLEEKz8+lgz4l+GVd5TmHQkoSDs5EfCwGOKFMBEQN0mgNgIKUm09MrE9zSUDCtPEwC2+FwEFqReu7WROlwywpgkPyiSBpQkoSEv3wML1x828DOUY0ilMC3fIzqtXkHZ+AkTzQ5hcMhBEfF+CgIK0BPXK63TJQOUdtGHzFKQNd+7YprlkYCxBj+9LQEHqS2yH+V0ysMNOX6jJCtJC4NdYrUsG1thr67JZQVpXf1VhrUsGquiGTRqhIG2yW+dpVMzMuWRgHt57qEVB2kMvT9xGhIknDrhkYGLQOyheQdpBJ8/ZRJcMzEl7e3UpSNvr0ypaxD+hpDfz4kWZJHCOgIJ0jpD7RxGofckAAXoecod48h93DD3nEE88SeqjXp7+OcctO9QRTxqlbmyoLSlItfXIRu1pzszxfenEBckTOLm5GI+OF58J0k/1X3csnSDWhhBRf4gEdVL3VCnaFeJH3diALdhUS1KQaumJndgRwhQX4ByeQRtaLkhsaLsYQ6hK20bbqROPrJnwynjs8BSiRJmU3eb5YQs21fADAZNOQXrw4MMrz3LmF+X69WsH9pkkMJQAF0dcDPxSl774u+xChDiP28QojgvBaruII0/f93OCQ114LAwbS6WY/exqRwhWqTrHlJMlSI8ff3mpjocPPz52qKJ0CYtfBhDgQomLhosRIZg6IYBtXkqzXuIspTwW2kX7ziWEGY+lS0DOlRH7KYOycsR+LvZh26n3QYJEYTdvvn58nSrY7RLoSyAu2rg4SlyUTRuijub2tu8xxBo7nOkjDNiBEOYIZpvN6TbKoKycVFIIc+o7lWeUIN2+/fapct0ugcEEplwyEGKXaxwX9VgvCQ8Qryw3hRCOEeQQwT5iio0lh4u57U3zDRIkhmx4SE+fPk3L8rMEihLgV5uLhGEHs0N9Lq42QygvZ9iUHsuFTbxpTN3UmTNsSutFBMd4SUOEdAif1OYSn7MEiQ5pvm7cePXQjC2VMMgyJNAkgBhwgXIO/vKXvxgcXxnqAVA3gjgk9RkipuUjDgjx0JQbO2qW39eDbB4/9nuWIDWF59GjTw8IEi+TBKYmwGwYgvCjH/2Xw/e///zh7bf/e+8qETUu0iHDoDHHIoKI0pA09Fjq49ghaeixMUQcwje1c5AgUUAsCfj88z+k5flZAkUIIALEM5gqR0jwUhAmtuMp9T3xx3g5NGiIdzXWyxnqXY31coZ4V33jZKdOksGChJfEicG7SQIlCCAyXITMDHFu8d62Yhpx6RNfCRHjfWgaEl9BxPrY2WZb3/gTvDhmTMLmvh5WXztP2TdYkMJDMrB9Cq3bcwlwESEy/DLjESFKXR4QwtJn+EXZvMamPl5SeEdd7cixBxYwyU3BLzd/Wz5s7uMlYWNfAWurl22DBImYEvGjO3fePVWu2yXQSSDiQvyy8uJXuY8Hkysy1IO31afsU4b3EZkS3lHYAR8u+nOJPOQtkXK9pL7idc62LEGiQ9NX260jMYRz9fY55Pvdjyi0xYWGEAkvCZHoSngMY4dNafkMI88tNqSNCMNY7yjqxYM85xHm8ogyz71jO22gLV0ph0fX8c19nYLUzOx3CfQlwInNLzcnbldcqG+55KdcLlS8oLaEF9VnuNNWRnNbeASnLlRsop2nbGqWl/s92tImcmyjnUOXJpyyIbxL2tSWYHBOKNuO69qmIHXRcd9gAn3jQkMrClHi4oiLFa+JIRMXaWwbWn7bcVyoXIiIbAgPHgqeGNtPXcBtZfXZhijhtcA2EnWxjX1TpOCbDqlpM23v+jEYaouCNJScx10hwInKrzQXCK/0JL6SueAGBCg8MLyTqHsKMQqzKTsEgjq5OPmOME2ZEAiEljp58XkqAYx20CbaRhuDL9+n4KsgBXXfBxHgZMU74cKIizK8hkEFetCuCShIu+7+YY3nl5Ff5fBKeE+HEcNK9SgJnJn2F5AEUgJzxYXSOv28LwJ6SPvq796tXSou1NtQD9gEAQVpE91YthHGhcrytLR8AgpSPqtN5zQutOnuXU3jFKTVdNU0hhoXmoarpQ4joCAN47bqo4wLrbr7Nm28grTp7v2uccaFvmPhp3oJKEj19s1oy9YSF+KG7Hiu1rNnz46rge/de390+y1gfQQUpIr7jKEVq5/jURbcIpGzXL8ZF0rv86qtufGUiBCk2uzTnnkJKEjz8u5dG2KCIMV9RHH/EvcSsVo6btNgSJbeR8ZnttWeFKTae2he+xSkeXmPqg3xQYQQo/QGyxde+MHhxRe/ubnz3POBRhlQ+OAQo7hRlP/5aw7ZGLrF87ciH3/BxUMC46mlbL91683jsamJ6f4oI93v5/oIKEj19clZi9L7yMJjOntQpRlClGLI1iZIITg0gf08rZRt8UelPEYZwUmfYMpntkW5UY8PEKz0RPjWLAWp7v65sA7PJx4BgXfEUO5nP/vb41BuDUOzi4Y0PoRQhHCcEqT0r7gQIgQpfZ472/CcSGxnf1N8ECn/uqvRAZV9VZAq65DUnK64EM8a4qJb+132uYKEUEVCfPB+0pRu45+VYZOKGHlPbU/L8fOyBBSkZflfqZ1ZtObzhZpxIUSIC670I0uvGDPDhikEKY0dwan5Cm9shuZZRU8CClJPYFNlT+NCPF+I720JrymWArTtX9u2KQQpPKF0SLc2Lnu1V0FasOfb4kLn1hnFkxnP5VuwWb2qZliFBxNey6kYUp8hW5TZjCHxnaFeWlYvY808OQEFaXLElyvoigtdznn1G0M0Lt7mEO5qzvVsCfHAq8GjKSFItL5tlg0xcgV43eeGgjRD/+TEhXLMQJBODeVyjq81T8yaMUtWSpBoazOW1PSYauWxZ7sUpAl7PzcuNKEJFi2BVRFQkAp315C4UGETLG5CArFKPm7ZmbCqXRatIBXo9jFxoQLVW8TMBFiWwUwnQ+itTC7MjPBkdQrSSTTdO0rFhbprcW+tBPgR4qZn/pRyS5MMS/NWkHr2wN7jQs1Fhn7/ZuElXpNpPAEFKYOhcaEMSDvMwop5hm4sZHXoVuYEUJBOcDQudAKMm4/PmYrh2trvJaytOxWkpEeMCyUw/NhKILwiA9qteEZvVJAOh+Niw/R/6re4+HD0mWIBRwIIkkHs6U6G3QqScaHpTipLlsBQArsSJONCQ08Tj5PAPAQ2L0jGheY5kaxFAiUIbFqQjAuVOEUsQwLzEdi0ILFYzfUh851M1iSBsQQ2LUhj4Xi8BCQwLwEFaV7e1iYBCXQQUJA64LhLAhKYl4CCNC9va5OABDoIKEgdcNwlAQnMS0BBmpe3tUlAAh0EFKQOOO6SgATmJaAgzcvb2iQggQ4CClIHHHdJQALzElCQ5uVtbRKQQAcBBakDjrskIIF5CShI8/K2NglIoIOAgtQBx10SkMC8BBSkeXlbmwQk0EFAQeqA4y4JSGBeAgrSvLytTQIS6CCgIHXAcZcEJDAvAQVpXt7WJgEJdBBQkDrguEsCEpiXgII0L29rk4AEOggoSB1w3CUBCcxLQEGal7e1SUACHQQUpA447pKABOYloCDNy9vaJCCBDgIKUgccd0lAAvMSUJDm5W1tEpBABwEFqQOOuyQggXkJKEjz8rY2CUigg4CC1AHHXRKQwLwEFKR5eVubBCTQQUBB6oDjLglIYF4CCtK8vK1NAhLoIKAgdcBxlwQkMC8BBWle3tYmAQl0EFCQOuC4SwISmJeAgjQvb2uTQFUEvv7668NHH/3m8NZbvzq88cbPjy++s32JpCAtQd06JVABga+++tPhlVdePorRJ5/89vDFF18ceEeYrl174ShUc5upIM1N3PokUAmB1177yVGA2sxBnBCrd9759azekoLU1htuk8DGCYQn1NVMhm14SwjXXEM4BamrR9wngY0SIGb02We/z2odXtJcoqQgZXWJmSSwLQLPPfe9Xl5PiNLUFBSkqQlbvgQqI/DkyZNj0LqvWRw3dVKQpiZs+RKojAABa2JDNSYFqcZe0SYJTEiA2JGCNCFgi5aABPIJ3L//gYKUj8ucEpDAlAQQJGbZakwO2WrsFW3aNQHW/LBO6O7d946eDAJSMqBMebxqTApSjb2iTbslgPCwQpoYD6JBvAdh4lYOtnG7x9ikII0l6PES2AEBPCPECO+omdiHkCBMbfub+bu+K0hddNwnAQkcCSAU52I7TNkjSuQdmhSkoeQ8TgI7IoB3lBMrIg+ixOrpIQnR4xEjNSZjSDX2ijbtjgCxIUQmNzGE4/6yIaJELApPq8akINXYK9q0OwJDVk8PFSWEr0RwfIpOUpCmoGqZEuhJgLjOEG8nRAmvh8/nUszincu31H4FaSny1iuBhMCYQDNChCDlPCIE0RsTEE9MnuSjgjQJVguVQD8CYwQpakJsGI6des4R29mf40lFmXO/K0hzE7c+CbQQYPFjCc8F0YmFlXxmiEZ8KsQqZxavxbzZNilIs6G2orUT4MJmuhzhOOWFDG0jQ64SgkT9eEDxiNoQJwSv1kB2ykxBSmn4WQItBPAqiM9wcUcMhu8Mf0qt5ykpSC1NWM0mBWk1XaWhSxDA20CI2oQHjwlh4jXW+0CQxt4SsgSf0nUqSKWJWt6mCOARMdzpSiXiMwgSArf3pCDt/Qyw/Z0Ecmel8G66Zrg6KzkcjtP2CtLhoCCdO1Pcv1sCCASeS25ClPg3jyFDL8Rs7LAv186a8ylINfeOti1KgFmvc8O1poFDRIk4FUJm0kPyHJDASQJD1wbhWeHx5HpKLCHo44mdNHgDO/SQNtCJNmEaAojE0PVGLBVAlHI8LOrJFa9pWlpPqQpSPX2hJZURQCjGBJpj/RLPHzp1uwZCxLIC0zcEFCTPBAmcIDBWkCgWIcJLwlsiJhWBa8SK72zns+kbAgqSZ8KqCXDB48XwOuWFDG1gCUGKurEv1isRwMYrwnMKgYp8e39XkPZ+Bqy0/XgVCAYXN++88DZKXuQlBWmlmGc3W0GaHbkVjiWAVxFDoLQsPKQYBvE+NlHHmBjS2Pr3eLyCtMdeX3mb8Vy6BCcnmJyDAO/L+E4OqXJ5FKRyLC1pBgLhHZ2LF7Ef4eLG13N5T5ntYsVTZKbbriBNx9aSJyDAXfcEh3MTeYeIEiKmIOVSLpdPQSrH0pJmIIDAtD0KpKvqEKU+M1rEjhAy07wEFKR5eVvbSAJDZ74QpT5rfvp6YiOb5eHfElCQPBVWRQCvZejMVyxQzAlUU8/Q20ZWBbQyYxWkyjpEc7oJjI3rxN34XcM+8jhc6+6HqfYqSFORtdxJCIwVJIzCQ2KldHP4RyAboeoztJukkTsuVEHaceevsekIUp/gdFcbWcuEMPHCI6JsRCpnSNdVrvuGE1CQhrPzyJkIpPeBvZTAlYUAABZ5SURBVPTSD4/CQZC6lDBRztC41EwIdlONgrSbrl5XQxEJgtDhwfA5BIj3uEWkOexaVyu1tklAQWoS8ftiBCKGw/CJOA5eUJfnQv5UmJwVW6zrilWsIBVDaUFDCTCrxV36xHB453vfxDHhTQ05vm995p+GgII0DVdLPUMgjQvhETG7hcczNiFGlIc4lSpzrE0en09AQcpnZc6RBLriQiOLvnI4gkd8iaEfw7oSYnelEjcUJ6AgFUdqgSmBvnGh9NgSn1NPrOTMXAnbLOMqAQXpKhO3FCDA0GlsXKiAGRdF4J0hSMSpeHet0QWaqj4oSFV1x7qNSb2RknGhklRcMlCSZvmyFKTyTHdV4pxxoZJgm0sGnJkrSXd4WQrScHa7PXLpuFBp8IiRSwZKUx1WnoI0jNsuj6otLlS6E2hfLBlwZq403bzyFKQ8TrvNtYa4UOnOcclAaaL55SlI+axWl5NffO4B65vWGhfq285z+UOMY2YOLqZpCWQJ0rNnzw737r1/nDKlc3jduvXm4fHjL6e1ztIHE2BaO+4Hyylka3GhnDbn5kGIXDKQS2tcvrOChOhcv37tKEBPnz69qO327bePwvTo0acX2/xQBwHEJYK0fO5KW48LdbW97z6EKb2ZFw/KVJbAWUG6cePVoxi1VXvz5usH9pvqIsCCxK6nHsZQhDy1rheqi+hlaxD5VJgQdVMZAp2C9PDhx0cv6PPP/9BaG94TQzlTPQS4oZQhdfMiMS40TR/BObzRJvNzNbpa/CqhTkG6c+fd43Dt6mFuqZEAnk8EYLHPuNB8vYQY9V0ywM2/eLOm7wh0ChJxIodk38Gq+RPiE0Owf/u3/1PVfWQ1cyttGz8KuU8ZCG/WB8t91wsK0ncsVv2Ji+D55//y8OKL//kiLuQ09XJdGnG68FhP9UWI17nJh+VaMm/NnYJEfIgZNlOdBGLWhxjGCy/84Dhc4wLgJCfoyi+vJ/qyfUcfdS0ZYD99NmS92LItm6b2TkFiSh9Yp4LamPTgwYeHdDnANGZaahBAYCJeEeuMwuXnVxkhilk2+o4XgsVFwRDBtAyB+PGgz/jBoK8i0Wf0U7ot9u3tvVOQgNE17R8eFAsnTdMSQHSazxc65/1wESBe/PoScOVicGZn2n46Vzp9hgDxI4EwxcxcBMTPHb/1/WcFqW1hJAIUCyNZGmCahgDigWcTwWo8HETGtA0CiFEsGYg7IRCrPaezggQchmQsAYghAO9tt44EVG8pGX5KhWsfJyrejV7NcJ5rOBJh+ulP/+bw/e8/f7zG9vyjkyVIa+jUNdvYFRdac7u0/TIBflgYeuMF4fkyZOOHJ/2h5/PLL//omOfckPxy6dv4piAt2I9D4kILmmvVIwggLiE8EdgmJog4MRQnoB2eUQzVyY9wxfYR1a/mUAVp5q6Kk8240MzgK6iu79AbIUKQQpj2MAunIM1wonJixcwKLrpxoRmgb6iKmJkLz2rLwqQgTXTiGheaCOyOiw1h4keNZQKxZGBLSBSkwr1pXKgwUItrJZAuGdiSMClIrd3db6NxoX68zF2OAGLEbB3DOcICeFFrTgrSwN4zLjQQnIdNQoC4UipMa52ZU5B6nB7GhXrAMusiBMJbj5m5tQmTgpRx2hgXyoBklqoIIERrXDKgIJ04jeKXxvVCJwC5eRUEYmZuLUsGFKTktDIulMDw46YIhDDVvmRg94JkXGhT152NySBQ85KB3QqScaGMM9csmyZQ45KBXQmScaFNX182biCBmpYMbF6QjAsNPEs9bHcE4gd7ySUDmxakeGwr058M0UwSkMB5AksuGdi0ICFCBK1NEpBAfwIxMzfnkoFNC1L/LvAICUigSQBh4iFycywZUJCa9P0uAQmcJDD1kgEF6SR6d0hAAqcIEA5Jb+YtFRpRkE4Rd7sEJHCWQOklAwrSWeRmkIAEzhFozszxfUhSkIZQ8xgJSKCVQAgTM3Mst+n7/G8FqRWrGyUggTEEhi4ZUJDGUPdYCUigk0C6ZIBlA8zSdSUFqYuO+yQggWIE0iUDp2JMClIx3BYkAQnkEOi6g0JByiFoHglIYBYCCtIsmK1EAhLIIaAg5VAyz6QEHj/+8nDv3vsXdfCZR2A8e/bsYpsf9kFAQdpHP1fdyps3Xz/wMklAQfIcWJyAgrR4F1RjgIJUTVfs0xDEiOFZvGL4lg7ZyHP79tvHV+S7devNA3nZHtvu3Hn3EkSGfOl+ynn06NNLefxSFwEFqa7+2KU1TQ+pGUMK0Yo40+ef/+FChB48+PDI7OHDj4/beI8U5T59+vS4KcrleFOdBBSkOvtlV1aFcESjQzgiqM3+Gzdejd3H9+vXr7VuC9EKgWqKD+XgNZnqJKAg1dkvu7IqR5DIkyYEqSks6TaGb3xvplPbm/n8vgwBBWkZ7taaEJhCkNLYUcSY0vfwvhIz/FgBAQWpgk7YuwlTCBKeUHOYt3fOa2i/grSGXtq4jXgz6ZCsLYaU7gdHOjwLPOk2gt14RMzEpYnZuWZZ6X4/L0tAQVqWv7UfDsdYUHgzDKVKCBJgw/OKWbYQKaf+6z3tFKR6+2Y3luHF4N3g0SAWpQSpuQ4J0UuXBewG8IoaqiCtqLM0VQJbJ6Agbb2HbZ8EVkRAQVpRZ2mqBLZOQEHaeg/bvkkJ3L373uGtt351KPVHiZMau4LCFaQVdJIm1ksAIUKQ+Nufcw+wr7cV9VimINXTF1qyYgL8/xj/qsHfS596gP2Kmzeb6QrSbKi3WVF6O4afv3uMCg+yN/UnoCD1Z+YREmgl8OTJk8Nrr/3k+OKzqT8BBak/M4+QwCUC8S+teIj3739waZ9f+hFQkPrxMrcELhHAEzJ2dAnJqC8K0ih8Hrx3AnhEH330m71jKNZ+BakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSgATGElCQxhL0eAlIoBgBBakYSguSwPoI8BdO/EkBfwfOv+7y4jvbl0gK0hLUrVMCFRDgL7/5Y0tE6JNPfnvg78B55/u1ay8clvj3XQWpghNDEySwBAHE6NRfOCFOiNI77/x6Vm9JQVriTLBOCSxMIDyhLjMYtsVfg881hFOQunrEfRLYKAFiRrlDMrwkhGkOUVKQNnrC2SwJdBF47rnv9RKYEKWuMkvsU5BKULQMCayIwJMnT47xob4mc9zUSUGamrDlS6AyAgSsmUmrMSlINfaKNklgQgLEjhSkCQFbtAQkkE/g/v0PFKR8XOaUgASmJIAgMctWY3LIVmOvaNPuCTCsCuHgnVXVpRLl8aoxKUg19oo27ZYAM1mxGBHRYAHj3bvvHWfF8GpKCJOCtNvTy4ZLIJ9ArIxGhJqJfSFMuQsam2XEdwUpSPguAQmcJBB33Z/McDgcb4DlHrMxQy4FqYuw+yQggSOBV155+ZCz+DAWNrJ6ekhi6Hfqptoh5ZU8xhhSSZqWJYGBBIgN4fnkpnh0yBBRYg0SiyNrTApSjb2iTbsjMGT1dMSc+ooSwlciOD5FJylIU1C1TAn0JEBcp6+wUEWIEsMwPp9LDPcYGtaaFKRae0a7dkVgTKA5RCnnESGI3piA+NSdoiBNTdjyJZBBYIwgRfGIDcOxU/EhtrM/x5OKMud+V5DmJm59EmghwBqjEp4La5QQHQLXfGaIhhDFGqacWbwW82bbpCDNhtqK1k6AC5vpcoRj7OLEJgsEpIQgUS4eUDyiNsQJQao1kJ2yUJBSGn6WQAsBvAriMwSDIwbDdy72Uut5SgpSSxNWs0lBWk1XaegSBPA2EKI24cFjQpgQk7FxGcpou2VkiTYvWaeCtCR9666eAEMdXl0pgslj4jMIEgK396Qg7f0MsP2dBBiW5cRe8G7IOzS2pCB90w0KUufp6M49E8BjQShyE6LEv3kMGXrlCl+uLWvNpyCttee0e3ICzHqdG641jRgiSsSfEDLT4aAgeRZI4AQBxGjIVHysBcr1lMjfxxM7Ye4mNitIm+hGGzEFAURiaEyIADfDsBxBIyieK15TtLOmMhWkmnpDW6oiMDbQHOuXum58RfBYVjB22UBV4EYYoyCNgOeh2yYwVpCgg9Aw9AtvKWbsECu8J7aPWS6wtR5QkLbWoztrDxc8s2G8SnsZJQQpugP7Yr0SAWy8IjwnxSgIffOuIF3m4beVEOBCRjC4uHmPz1z04YWMbUpJQRpry16OV5D20tMbaieCE0OgtFl4SAyDEKmcYHJ6bNtn6sCzMc1HQEGaj7U1FSKA59K1PgjviXvMuoLJOaYgbA6pckiVy6MglWNpSTMQCO/oXLyI/YgSr3N5T5mNIJnmJaAgzcvb2kYS4K574kS5ibxDRAkRU5ByKZfLpyCVY2lJMxBAYNoeBdJV9RBRInaEkJnmJaAgzcvb2kYSGDrzhSj1WfPT1xMb2SwP/5aAguSpsCoCeC1DZ776iBL1DL1tZFVAKzNWQaqsQzSnm8DYuA73jOEpdd07xj6Ha939MNVeBWkqspY7CYGxgoRReFislG4b/jFU6zO0m6SROy5UQdpx56+x6QhSiZXYzKKxeBJh4oVHRNmIlGuPljszFKTl2FtzJgE8moj/vPTSD4/CwfcSwoQJCNDQuFRmE8yWSUBBygRltnkJIDasxg4Phs8hQLGPoRWrsRWTeftmytoUpCnpWnYvAgyjiOEwfEJs8IK6xCaGXeRlqOWsWC/cVWZWkKrsln0ZxawWng4xHN67ZsDayCBMHBPeVN/j28p02zIEFKRluO++1jQuhEeEZ4SwjE2pMJUqc6xNHp9PQEHKZ2XOkQQi9hOeDHGhqWa0EDyGcQznmE0rIXYjm+/hGQQUpAxIZhlOACFoxoXmjPUgTAwDIyYVgfHhLfLIKQkoSFPS3XHZiE4zLrSkl4IQESQnTlVyycCOu3iSpitIk2DdZ6EMv7jY8UYiLlSbRxLDxpiZ65rF22cvLttqBWlZ/quvnQs8XfE8ZVyoJCy8NewOYZpzGFmyHVsrS0HaWo/O0B4uZmaz0vVCa72goy0RaHfJwAwnUEcVClIHHHddJlBbXOiydeO/uWRgPMOxJShIYwlu/Pg1xIVKd4FLBkoTzS+vU5AePfr0OCvBzETzde/e+/m1mHMRAvziE9Ppm9YaF+rbznP5XTJwjlD5/VmChDCl6fHjLw83b75+fKXb/VwPATybWHuTY1XEUrYQF8ppb588CLRLBvoQG553kCBR3dOnTw/Xr1876CkNhz/VkYgLwkKgls9daetxoa62993nkoG+xPrnHyxIVHXnzruHGzde7V+rR0xKIFYmn7otY49xoZLAEXmXDJQk+l1ZowTpwYMPj7ElvCVTHQS4TYN4X3P62rhQ+f6JYa5LBsqxHSVIDx9+fDz5iSmZlieA5xO3RmBNXDDGhabvG34AYpjsUwaG81aQhrOr6kjEJ27Z+N3vflfVfWRVgZrYGJcMjAM8SpAcso2DX/JoHrXx/PN/eXjhhR9Uex9ZyfbWXhbCFPf1eTNvfm+NEqTbt982qJ3PunjONC6EEDFc4x1xIujKRYHnZFqOgEsG+rEfLEgx7Y+XZJqPwKm4ENsRIIQoZtliMSuxDX6lm4Hu+ay2pvjxiJt56SvTVQKDBImFkiyMvHXrzaslumUSAkPWC3ERxGrtCGyfWgowidEWeoUAPxwuGbiC5WJDliDFL228n1oQySJJ8jjrdsF31AfXC43CV/3B/FgMXTKw1aF4pyBV36MbNDBc+zhR1/J8oQ12xWxNSpcM4D2F2DCsi2E45wGxQTzdcAwYhm8tKUgV9CgnYJyUcf/ZWp8vVAHO1ZqA+CA6f/3X/+1CdEJ82B6TFVuesFCQFjx9h8SFFjTXqmcigDcUQvT3f/8/Lv6xd6bqF61GQZoZv3GhmYGvsDo8Zjzln/70by49ZWAPExIK0gwnbBoX4kQzLjQD9JVXgfeMl8RtKHH+7GHJgII00YmbxoU4sQhAGheaCPZGi431ZBHk5j1dMkDccWtJQSrco4gO4oMIEYTkpIkTqnBVFrdxAnhGeEUIUzNxXsVM7JaESUFq9vSA74ztGYZx8nCShJs9oCgPkcAlAvE4mVPeNWIUTxlIlwxcKmRFXxSkgZ3FrxcnCwJkXGggRA/LIoCnzXnW5WnHkgHOxTULk4KUdUp8k4kTgl8kThDjQj3AmXUUATxwzrdTXlJaOMIUIQPe+eFcU1KQMnrLuFAGJLNMSgBR6vKQmpUjRKkwrWXJgILU7MlvvxsXOgHGzasigDClM3N4UDUnBSnpHeNCCQw/booA3lUqTLXOzO1ekIwLbeq6szEZBBCjWpcM7FaQjAtlnLlm2TSBmKBBnGqZmduVIBkX2vT1ZeMGEqhpycDmBcm40MCz1MN2R4Af7HRmjmtn7rRpQXK90Nynk/VtgQBClArTnEsGNi1IxIn6rN3YwslkGyRQikBzZm6OJQObFqRSHWM5EtgzgRAmgt9xw/hUPBSkqchargQ2SGDqJQMK0gZPGpskgakJxJKB0jfzKkhT95zlS2DDBJpLBsbOzClIGz5ZbJoE5iJQasmAgjRXj1mPBHZAoLlkoO/MnIK0g5PEJkpgbgIxM0eMiZm5XGFSkObuKeuTwI4IhDCxZIBH7RIM70oKUhcd90lAAsUIpEsGTgW/FaRiuC1IAhLIIYAw4Tm1JQWpjYrbJCCBRQgoSItgt1IJSKCNgILURsVtsxN4+PDjw4MHH17Ue/Pm6wdepn0RUJD21d9VtvbZs2fHv/m5d+/9Ku3TqPkIKEjzsbamEwQUpBNgdrhZQdphp9fU5BAj/giR1/Xr147mpUO2yIMHdevWm8d85OX748dfXtrG0C9Nzf0c//Tp0zSLnysioCBV1Bl7NSUVnGDQJkiI0KNHnx6zEG8KAUN0SHfuvHvcFoLDOwKHCEXi840brx6o01QfAQWpvj7ZnUW5gnT79tsXbBAhBAkRihTbQrTYFx5X5EGkOC4NoMc+35cnoCAt3we7tyBXkNKgd4hPKizNbXhCqYgF6FPbY7/vyxFQkJZjb83fEphKkPCO8IbaXi4pqPP0U5Dq7JddWTWVIOEJpUO6XUFdaWMVpJV23NbMxptJh2RtQe10f3N4Bo/mNoZriFIzNetq7vf7cgQUpOXYW3NCAJHAm4kZshKCdGqWjbrwykz1EVCQ6uuTXVoU0/jEexCLEoIESLymdO0Sn9lmqpOAglRnv2iVBHZJQEHaZbfbaAnUSUBBqrNftEoCuySgIO2y2210SQI8xP6jj35TssjdlqUg7bbrbXgpAvyjBg+w58X/k5mGE1CQhrPzSAlcInD//gfHVeG8n3pm9KUD/HKFgIJ0BYkb+hJouzXDbd87nPpnjb5895RfQdpTb9vWyQl89tnvD/w54ltv/UovaQBtBWkANA+RQJMA3hAixB8iIkqmYQQUpGHcPEoCFwT4nzG8ort339MruqAy7IOCNIybR0nggsA77/w6+7/rLw7yQyuB/w+IAX0q41kG4AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A detector measures the count rate from a sample of a radioactive nuclide. The graph shows the variation with time of the count rate.</p>
<p>The nuclide has a half-life of 20 s. The average background count rate is constant.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>What is the average background count rate?</p>
<p><br>A.  1 s<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>B.  2 s<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>C.  3 s<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>D.  4 s<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is the correct Feynman diagram for pair annihilation and pair production?</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The Feynman diagram shows an interaction between a proton and an electron.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the charge of the exchange particle and what is the lepton number of particle X?</p>
<p><br><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In the Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment it was observed that a small percentage of alpha particles are deflected through large angles.</p>
<p>Three features of the atom are</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">I.   the nucleus is positively charged</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">II.  the nucleus contains neutrons</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">III. the nucleus is much smaller than the atom.</p>
<p>Which features can be inferred from the observation?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   I and II only</p>
<p>B.   I and III only</p>
<p>C.   II and III only</p>
<p>D.   I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A radioactive nuclide X decays into a nuclide Y. The graph shows the variation with time of the activity <em>A </em>of X. X and Y have the same nucleon number.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is true about nuclide X?</p>
<p>A.  alpha (α) emitter with a half-life of <em>t</em></p>
<p>B.  alpha (α) emitter with a half-life of 2<em>t</em></p>
<p>C.  beta-minus (β<sup>−</sup>) emitter with a half-life of <em>t</em></p>
<p>D.  beta-minus (β<sup>−</sup>) emitter with a half-life of 2<em>t</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">The carbon isotope <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{14}{6}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>14</mn>
    <mn>6</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span>C is radioactive. It decays according to the equation</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{14}{6}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>14</mn>
    <mn>6</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span>C&nbsp;→&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{14}{7}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>14</mn>
    <mn>7</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span>N + X + Y</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What are X and Y?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was well answered by candidates, with a high discrimination index.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A pure sample of iodine-131 decays into xenon with a half-life of 8 days.</p>
<p>What is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>number of iodine atoms remaining</mtext><mtext>number of xenon atoms formed</mtext></mfrac></math> after 24 days?</p>
<p>A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>8</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>7</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>7</mn><mn>8</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>8</mn><mn>7</mn></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The majority of candidates correctly selected option B. This question had the highest discrimination index on the HL paper.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of uranium-235<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>U</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>92</mn><mn>235</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>. One possible outcome is the production of two nuclides, barium-144<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>Ba</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>56</mn><mn>144</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math> and krypton-89<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>Kr</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>36</mn><mn>89</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>.</p>
<p>How many neutrons are released in this reaction?</p>
<p>A.  0</p>
<p>B.  1</p>
<p>C.  2</p>
<p>D.  3</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Answer C 2 neutrons, was the most popular choice suggesting that candidates failed to read the question properly and missed 'a neutron is adsorbed' at the beginning.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows atomic transitions E<sub>1</sub>, E<sub>2</sub> and E<sub>3</sub> when a particular atom changes its energy state. The wavelengths of the photons that correspond to these transitions are <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is correct for these wavelengths?</p>
<p>A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In a hydrogen atom, the sum of the masses of a proton and of an electron is larger than the mass of the atom. Which interaction is mainly responsible for this difference?</p>
<p>A. Electromagnetic</p>
<p>B. Strong nuclear</p>
<p>C. Weak nuclear</p>
<p>D. Gravitational</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\pi ^ + }">
  <mrow>
    <msup>
      <mi>π</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
    </msup>
  </mrow>
</math></span> meson contains an up (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u">
  <mi>u</mi>
</math></span>) quark. What is the quark structure of the&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\pi ^ - }">
  <mrow>
    <msup>
      <mi>π</mi>
      <mo>−</mo>
    </msup>
  </mrow>
</math></span> meson?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="ud">
  <mi>u</mi>
  <mi>d</mi>
</math></span><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B.&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u\bar d">
  <mi>u</mi>
  <mrow>
    <mover>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo>
    </mover>
  </mrow>
</math></span><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C.&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\bar ud">
  <mrow>
    <mover>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo>
    </mover>
  </mrow>
  <mi>d</mi>
</math></span><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\bar u\bar d">
  <mrow>
    <mover>
      <mi>u</mi>
      <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo>
    </mover>
  </mrow>
  <mrow>
    <mover>
      <mi>d</mi>
      <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo>
    </mover>
  </mrow>
</math></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Nuclide X can decay by two routes. In Route 1 alpha (<em>α</em>) decay is followed by beta-minus (<em>β<sup>–</sup></em>) decay. In Route 2 <em>β<sup>–</sup></em> decay is followed by <em>α</em> decay. P and R are the intermediate products and Q and S are the final products.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which statement is correct?</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A.  Q and S are different isotopes of the same element.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B.  The mass numbers of X and R are the same.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C.  The atomic numbers of P and R are the same.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D.  X and R are different isotopes of the same element.</span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The following decay is observed.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>μ</em><sup>−</sup> → e<sup>−</sup> + <em>v</em><sub>μ</sub> + X</p>
<p>What is particle <em>X</em>?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   <em>γ</em></p>
<p>B.   <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\bar v}">
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mover>
        <mi>v</mi>
        <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo>
      </mover>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math></span><sub>e</sub></p>
<p>C.   <em>Z</em><sup>0</sup></p>
<p>D.   <em>v</em><sub>e</sub></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Carbon (C-12) and hydrogen (H-1) undergo nuclear fusion to form nitrogen.</p>
<p style="padding-left:120px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mtext>C+</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>6</mn><mn>12</mn></mmultiscripts><mmultiscripts><mtext>H →N+</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>1</mn><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts></math> photon</p>
<p>What is the number of neutrons and number of nucleons in the nitrogen nuclide?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was well answered by HL candidates, although a significant number of candidates incorrectly identified the number of neutrons present in the nitrogen nuclide.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>White light is emitted from a hot filament. The light passes through hydrogen gas at low pressure and then through a diffraction grating onto a screen. A pattern of lines against a background appears on the screen.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the appearance of the lines and background on the screen?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">The diagram shows the emission spectrum of an atom.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAaAAAACRCAYAAACFZ2zlAAATCklEQVR4Ae3dD2yUdZ7H8c+UjQoLXWUhRwveErYpamBlobpkIdcCXmdJzoWgwmZXqEsVjYJuiLTCcTk57CqUuFFh3ZNrD6hyi7c0NGhWBunBHuRyWBDFBDrhDKul3QuE8KehSq59Ls8z80yf1tI+HX4z0868m5B5Zub3fH+/3+t5Op8+f1oClmVZ4gsBBBBAAIEkC2QluT+6QwABBBBAwBEggNgREEAAAQRSIkAApYSdThFAAAEECCD2AQQQQACBlAgQQClhp1MEEEAAAQKIfQABBBBAICUCBFBK2OkUAQQQQIAAYh9AAAEEEEiJAAGUEnY6RQABBBAggNgHEEAAAQRSIkAApYSdThFAAAEECCD2AQQQQACBlAgQQClhp1MEEEAAAQKIfQABBBBAICUCBFBK2OkUAQQQQOBbJgguXryo9957T7W1taqrqzNRkhoIIIAAAikSqKioUGFhoWbMmJHQEQRu9j+kC4VCCgaDeuONNzR//nyNGzcuoQPub/FAIKBE/J973rre5f6Or7f2iarbW5+8hwACEQHv9593Od197AOKU6dOqbKyUvn5+Vq3bp2GDh2akGnfVABt3rxZO3bscI58BlrwuFqJ2nG8db3Lbr8mHhNV18TYqIFAugt4v/+8y+k+b3d+bW1tqqqqcj7jDx06lJAQijuATpw4oWXLlg3o8LEhE7XjeOt6l92NZ+IxUXVNjI0aCKS7gPf7z7uc7vPuPj/7QOOTTz7R1q1bu79108/jvgnhxRdf1FtvvTXgTrndtAgFEEAAAQRiAsuXL9f58+d15MiR2GumFuIKIPvoZ/To0ZoyZYqpcVAHAQQQQGCACqxatUrbtm0zPrq4TsHZ132GDx+uBQsWGB+Q6YKJOnT21vUumxx/ouqaHCO1EEhXAe/3n3c5Xefb27zs60HDhg0zfkNXXEdAn332mSZNmtTbeHkPAQQQQCBNBOy74B5//HGFw2GjM4orgIyOgGIIIIAAAgNe4I477jA+RgLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwIEkB8l2iCAAAIIGBcggIyTUhABBBBAwI8AAeRHiTYIIIAAAsYFCCDjpBREAAEEEPAjQAD5UaINAggggIBxAQLIOCkFEUAAAQT8CBBAfpRogwACCCBgXIAAMk5KQQQQQAABPwJxB9C1a9f81KcNAggggEAaCITDYQ0bNszoTOIKoOnTp+vTTz81OhCKIYAAAggMTIGLFy+qrq5O48aNMzrAuAJo0qRJqq2tNToQiiGAAAIIDEyBgwcPqqKiwvjg4gqg/Px8jR49WqFQyPiAKIgAAgggMHAE2tra9Morr+jhhx82PqiAZVlWPFWbmpp055136ssvvzR+WBbPeG60TiAQUJxTvFFJ53VvXe9yryv1881E1e3nMGiOQEYKeL//vMuZhGGHz7PPPqt7771Xy5cvNz71uI6A7FHY5wIPHz7shBBHQsa3CwURQACBlArY133s8LG/SktLEzKWuI+A3NHYd0aUlZU5T59++mmNHz/eCaWhQ4e6TVL6mKifXLx1vcsmJ5uouibHSC0E0lXA+/3nXU7X+drzss9sXbhwwTm4WLFihbZv364lS5YkbMo3HUDuyI4cOaKPP/5YX3zxhSorK92XeUQAAQQQGCQC8+bNk32N/4EHHlBBQYFGjhyZ0JEbC6CEjpLiCCCAAAJpJxD3NaC0k2BCCCCAAAJJFSCAkspNZwgggAACrgAB5ErwiAACCCCQVAECKKncdIYAAggg4AoQQK4EjwgggAACSRUggJLKTWcIIIAAAq4AAeRK8IgAAgggkFQBAiip3HSGAAIIIOAKEECuBI8IIIAAAkkVIICSyk1nCCCAAAKuAAHkSvCIAAIIIJBUAQIoqdx0hgACCCDgChBArgSPCCCAAAJJFSCAkspNZwgggAACrgAB5ErwiAACCCCQVAECKKncdIYAAggg4AoQQK4EjwgggAACSRUggJLKnbrOOsLVCgYKVF5/IXWDSEDP6TqvflN1nFZ1ME/B6tPq6PfKJla4ovD+17Vmu9v/VwpXL1Qgd43qr6RmRCZmRY3ECnwrseWpPlAEsvKXap+1dKAMx9g40nVexoCSVehKg6pKXtGJl4qT1SP9pIEAR0BpsBGZAgIIIDAYBQigwbjV4hhz11NVF1RfXqBAcIvqj9aofFauAoGAArkl2rQ/rFZv/Y4WHdterln2+4GAckt+o/3hK5EWV+pVnpurWeWva1PJ5Mj75fVy3u22XmBWuarre6hdu0kluZHagYBdq1r1bn27l9aw6qs7+w8Egiqvrle4NXJaJ+55tYa1f1OJcp15TVbJphpVlwdveMqoaz9RIGf+AeW6c3ZejtjGXrMdepljpO5CVYe/ihb11vacMvXj2bWC1Nc60e0X3LpfR2+0jZ2aHWoN74ttY2c/+cNWZ79x5mnXuWuONra0KFR6t4Z0Oe12Tsf/+GrnNu5pH+s+bp5njAABlDGbuoeJhiq0fve3Vbq3SZb1tZrfnqD3i1fqd8cuRRp3/Fm1TxSrYNsQrWi8LMu6rPrCz1RStEa1565HC7boYM0nGrn6iKz2/9XBZQXKjq73YP1fa0Pz17Ksdl198x4devQhPVf75+g1iks69uoTerBuqJ45ZrexZLV/pH8YsktznqzSMSdgLunY71bq0UP36M2r7U6b9ubnNaRmmVa8G77xtQ4/83ruIZWcnK16p+4RrR55UGs3hnpAiryUlfdjLSpuVs2+TyMBqw5dafhQNS1Sy4mz+ot7mePKp9pXIy0O/kDZ6nuOkbrHtevwWc98orVVrGDBSMmXZ7eh+16nRaFlm7R7xC+119kGTXp77Acqjm0DqePcHj1X9LxOFv6brtptwqs0cu/r2niwJdJp9mxtOH1AZTk5Kq46pfbmX2t2dvSjpWW/3j8+QX8ftrdfD/tYt2HzNMMELL4yQqC9scoq1jSr7MB5y7LOWwfKplnKWW0duNzeOf/LB6yynByruOqUZb/adZ1oM28bZ1lWTtkB63KsSrt1+cBqK0ePWFWNbbFXLSv6utuns647ns5mkT6j67afsqqKvx8bT2erzqWuY/QzL3ccz1i7m77uLHQjk1iLNqux6hFLxVVWo0MWeZ7z8yXWz3Pcubq1o65+5mhF6xa9ajVcdbdFZB4RV5+eXax8ruNr+0XHsnS31eQOzzbpvq7zvHPfsdx5udvbdewyTvdFHjNVgCOgDPuBo9fpDs/VxMnSycZmteornTn8gUKaoInjhneuZv+029ysfUvvUs87z0U17AupJSdP48fc0rmesjR8XJ4mt4S0r+Gi5NRp0Ib7L6q+tla19r/qcs2ZWKrYcUjWGN37t3cptPZftedovWq7n8LzVO91scu8ouObPFWTcrzjG65xEyf0UuY25c38iYpDH+jwma+kjrM6vOucFj/2S82ZfE6NTfaJy0htLX5ABfYRgJ856jblBX+mpY3v6N2jF53+O879Se/UjNHKhVOVHa3Zp2eXkfvcBl3WcZ9Et5M+j8zJOaJr1uQZ9yjHu8Ed0xx3pX4+XovuY/1cjeZpJ+DdpdJuckwohQItL2vOd4ZEri1Frx8N8YaLruh0dalyR0zUnDf+W85Jv9vn6s2Gt1Tsfvjpdk17fqca3/6RLu3eoIfmTNSInq4TJWmaXU6XtTar8X8KFfzR/Zq5aGzk1FzHBZ09cWv09Js9KD9zlLLG/o1+sVjR03tf6cy+36t68gL99Ie3d86sT8/OprGleNaJrcwCAokX4DbsxBtnZg/FVWr841Ll3+BHHPvi+3OlRzV391ltXfC96NFUh67Uh3RS0pSYWrbyZy9w/i3dcF0tx97TO6//o+YUndGB0y+pKNYuCQtZ4zVz0VStbfxS5xr+QzXfz1Pp8Ns0ZnyetOusmsNntetkocrt6zaSOsJ/8DnHkSoIFkuPfqiG1WN0dtdxFS/6J+V57frwVEcPv9/V1zrRe0mSIEcXCPQo4N3Fe2zAi5kqED3lFDsaiTo4v/CYq0CwWuH2nmwiH6Y5J4/rsxb3RgW7XYdaj/1GswL2HV/X1Np0Rid1t2ZM+ivPqbz/09VLvX0q3qKcafO1rORB5bSc0dm/eOv3NJaeXnPHd0ZN0TvpIq1a1dT4eU8reF67JRI2Nb/V2qqQJi/6sfKyspRd8IAWn6zRyy/X6KR7+s2er+85RmsopPf/5ffaFZqqRTPHR13c8fbm2e0OOsWzjmea3sXsHyi4OPebp8zsI8CT0ZsQvO1ZRqAfAgRQP7AyrWlWXlDlq7+rjeu3qN4Jk+tqObhLNaGpqvz1AuUP6UkkS9lFT2rz3ENavmarjjrr2bfx7tH657dIlc9rYf6wyId2zmHVbPtPtTh3kF1Xy9GtWrN8i2Ifa9Hf7p9VXhu77dq+LfvDfcekpT9TMO+2ngbQx2vu+EJaX7EnWveKwrWvav3GY32va4eN9mjHTmnK+FGRkHCuhzRqx46rntNv0VDpa45uj9lTtXDlGL26ar1CxT/RzNjc3PH25tndIZ513IF0fxylomfXaG7NBlXUno7cot96WrUVG7QxtqEkOQbDIitfa1WXbO9ekucIRAUIIHaFGwtkjdXsl7ap4bFrWp97qwKBW5W7/poea9iqldM81ye6V8j6nha8tltvF36hcme9IRpRVKfRK3Zp58r75dzSkD1Tv9q7Qff/V4lyh9i/BzRNL/xplEr2/LvK3GvbWXfpsW27tGJ0nYpGRK8njXhEdaOf1N6X/k5j4917nfHt1JpY3Rmq+LxAKyrnd5/JN587RwTTpJzoLdJ2C+fU3EzpGzds+JhjrIfb9cOfLlCxJmnpk3O6nn7z4xmrE12IZ53uNdxSY+frtYMrNbruEY2wr+flv6zPZz+hymJ3Q9kGEzS3fLGu278H9O2lete+UYMvBPoQCNi3//XRhrcRyAAB+2+XLVFR41M6vWG2sjNgxjc1RfvodG6pGsvrtGH2qJsqxcqZKxDvz5CZK8bMB7mAfaPDGuXmlqr6tHu9yT79V6WKtdeitz4P8ikaHX70LzuUbNdp97xaR4uOvvay1l5/WAvvj9xwYbRLimWMAAGUMZuaiUYE7OsjK7R38906NPs70dvEb9W0LW2at7ePU4sZSThKRb/6Z22eXK/Z7mnQIcXa0j5Pe3c+o2nD+QjJyN3C0KQ5BWcIkjIIIIAAAv0T4MeX/nnRGgEEEEDAkAABZAiSMggggAAC/RMggPrnRWsEEEAg4QJlZWXasWOH2traEt5XKjsggFKpT98IIIDADQRKSkpUWFioUCj253lv0HLwvkwADd5tx8gRQCDNBT766CMFg0HNnz9f4XA47WY76O6Cs/9XTr4QQACBTBRYtWqV1q1bp6FDh6bF9AfdX8PmDzekxX7HJBBAoBcB+xpQZWVllxbz5s2T/S9dwsee3KALoC5bhCcIIIBAmgvcd999euGFFzR37ty0Ch97sxFAab7zMj0EEBi8AhUVFXrqqac0cmR6/skjAmjw7puMHAEE0lRg+vTpamxsVH5+fprOMDKtQXcTQlpvDSaHAAIIZJAAt2Fn0MZmqggggMBAEiCABtLWYCwIIIBABgkQQBm0sZkqAgggMJAECKCBtDUYCwIIIJBBAgRQBm1spooAAggMJAECaCBtDcaCAAIIZJAAAZRBG5upIoAAAgNJgAAaSFuDsSCAAAIZJPD/sh9++AOkIyoAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Which of the following atomic energy level models can produce this spectrum?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>With a low difficulty index, most candidate responses were divided between (incorrect) responses C and D. Students appeared to select more familiar energy level diagrams rather than the diagram that best correlated with the emission spectrum given.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is correct about the Higgs Boson?</p>
<p>A.     It was predicted before it was observed.</p>
<p>B.     It was difficult to detect because it is charged.</p>
<p>C.     It is not part of the Standard Model.</p>
<p>D.     It was difficult to detect because it has no mass.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Gamma (<em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math></em>) radiation</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A.  is deflected by a magnetic field.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B.  affects a photographic plate.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C.  originates in the electron cloud outside a nucleus.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D.  is deflected by an electric field.</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Identify the conservation law violated in the proposed reaction.</p>
<p><em>                                                 </em>p<sup>+</sup> + p<sup>+</sup> → p<sup>+</sup> + n<sup>0</sup> + <em>μ</em><sup>+</sup></p>
<p>A.     Strangeness</p>
<p>B.     Lepton number</p>
<p>C.     Charge</p>
<p>D.     Baryon number</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In the nuclear reaction X + Y → Z + W, involving nuclides X, Y, Z and W, energy is released.&nbsp;Which is correct about the masses (<em>M</em>) and the binding energies (<em>BE</em>) of the nuclides?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following leads to a paradigm shift?</p>
<p>A. Multi-loop circuits</p>
<p>B. Standing waves</p>
<p>C. Total internal reflection</p>
<p>D. Atomic spectra</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>During the nuclear fission of nucleus X into nucleus Y and nucleus Z, energy is released.&nbsp;The binding energies per nucleon of X, Y and Z are <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Z</mtext></msub></math> respectively. What is&nbsp;true about the binding energy per nucleon of X, Y and Z?</p>
<p><br>A.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></math> &gt; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Z</mtext></msub></math> &gt; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math></p>
<p>B.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Z</mtext></msub></math></p>
<p>C.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> &gt; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> &gt; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Z</mtext></msub></math></p>
<p>D.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></math> + <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>B</mi><mtext>Z</mtext></msub></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A sample of a pure radioactive nuclide initially contains <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> atoms. The initial activity of the&nbsp;sample is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>.</p>
<p>A second sample of the same nuclide initially contains <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> atoms.</p>
<p>What is the activity of the second sample after three half lives?</p>
<p>A.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>6</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>8</mn></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>