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<h2>SL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>A wire carrying a current <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="I">
<mi>I</mi>
</math></span><em> </em>is at right angles to a uniform magnetic field of strength <em>B</em>. A magnetic force <em>F </em>is exerted on the wire. Which force acts when the same wire is placed at right angles to a uniform magnetic field of strength 2<em>B </em>when the current is <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{I}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>I</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span>?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{F}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>F</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{F}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>F</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <em>F <br></em></p>
<p>D. 2<em>F</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two pulses are travelling towards each other.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is a possible pulse shape when the pulses overlap?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electric motor raises an object of weight <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>500</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></math> through a vertical distance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math>. The current in the electric motor is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></math> at a potential difference of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>200</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></math>. What is the efficiency of the electric motor?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>17</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>38</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>50</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>75</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electric motor of efficiency 0.75 is connected to a power supply with an emf of 20 V and negligible internal resistance. The power output of the motor is 120 W. What is the average current drawn from the power supply?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. 3.1 A</p>
<p>B. 4.5 A</p>
<p>C. 6.0 A</p>
<p>D. 8.0 A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two parallel wires are perpendicular to the page. The wires carry equal currents in opposite directions. Point S is at the same distance from both wires. What is the direction of the magnetic field at point S?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A cell of emf 4V and negligible internal resistance is connected to three resistors as shown. Two resistors of resistance 2Ω are connected in parallel and are in series with a resistor of resistance 1Ω.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>What power is dissipated in one of the 2Ω resistors and in the whole circuit?</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A positively-charged particle moves parallel to a wire that carries a current upwards.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the direction of the magnetic force on the particle?</p>
<p>A. To the left</p>
<p>B. To the right</p>
<p>C. Into the page</p>
<p>D. Out of the page</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electrical circuit is shown with loop X and junction Y.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>What is the correct expression of Kirchhoff’s circuit laws for loop X and junction Y?</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 2.5 MV. What is the change in kinetic energy of the electron?</p>
<p>A. 0.4μJ</p>
<p>B. 0.4 nJ</p>
<p>C. 0.4 pJ</p>
<p>D. 0.4 fJ</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation of current with potential difference for a filament lamp.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>What is the resistance of the filament when the potential difference across it is 6.0 V?<br>A. 0.5 mΩ<br>B. 1.5 mΩ<br>C. 670 Ω<br>D. 2000 Ω</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A current in a wire lies between the poles of a magnet. What is the direction of the electromagnetic force on the wire?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Many chose option C, the opposite of the correct response. As always in electromagnetism questions, students need to consider carefully which hand and which fingers to use. We do tend to say that there is little that needs to be memorised in physics, this is probably one of them.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A circuit contains a cell of electromotive force (emf) 9.0 V and internal resistance 1.0 Ω together with a resistor of resistance 4.0 Ω as shown. The ammeter is ideal. XY is a connecting wire.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAARAAAADcCAYAAAC4V/5uAAAcu0lEQVR4Ae2dD3BU1b3HvwlOKzbQlEKHXXiIgQd0hghKoI5pbRBNdCxtBsRWBaSRJ7REfLElKZSqrwKKyWitaAGbDAilVZs8eNIKamhso1NoIkzDjCZSJpT8YQZQ/mRAM+yeN7+b3LCb3b27ZO/dvXvv98zs7O495/zOOZ/fvd89/+7dNKWUAgMJkAAJDIBA+gDyMAsJkAAJaAQoIDwRSIAEBkyAAjJgdMxIAiRAAeE5QAIkMGACFJABo2NGEiABCgjPARIggQEToIAMGB0zkgAJUEB4DpAACQyYAAVkwOiYkQRI4Co7IUhLSwuqjmyS7X9MT9B/A224dLGkEXuB6cLZ6Z9GvseSLpY0brQVyFvaz5C6BNLstJVdLjieXKl7MsVSc/o4Fkqpk4ZDmNTxFWtKArYjYKseiO3osEIkQAKGBNgDMcTDSBIgASMCFBAjOowznUCkiWXTC6LBhBCggCQEs3MKoQA4x5dmtMRWAsKT0wyX0gYJJI6ArQQkcc1mSSRAAmYQoICYQZE24iBwDi37qlA206ttzkvzPoCKt1vQFc2ivxONW8swMy2tJ19aAcqqdqOxs7tfzjNorPgOvA/WoN3fL6rv62doqboHaQVVaImYpi8xPwQQoIAEwOBH6wkEbxTsRnvNKuQ9eQTf2PSRtolQta3DjX95FLMrDhiISDfad67F7C3AooYO+JSCr+MxjHx3JWb/qh7ngpqRiRu+OwfZVX/A3iOfBcX0ffG3ov7VoyhaMgvjeUX0YYnlg632gXCXYiwuS24aU310bh/KJs3HoTX78GbRJOjXrr+lCndO3IPvN7+CoglXhzbY/xGq7vwOXv3+7tB8eUdQ9tEa3DpUtwbAfww1/zUXm3K3B6XXDWvlhcunJ7iC94sXL+L48eO4cOECjh492pczIyMDY8eOxTXXXIPRo0f3HU/1DwGUU70prH+qEfCfaMWhTi+mjh3eJx7ShvSRYzHVU49X61sRdkTR1YHmpszw+fAW9jZ8Eowi/T9w2/35aNr2Jg529bd4CnWVleh+tBAzAkUn2ELEbyIY7733HjZs2IDCwkJNIH77299ix44dQXlaWlogx4uLi7UhV2lpKWpqatDW1haULtW+2OpmuuDubaqhZH3NJdCJpuYOdGEShvYz3CM8wNR+x3u+duBQ6yn4EShK6Rg6oxCPogSvHViAabcOv5zz3D+xd9soLKi7HhmXj0b99Mknn2gi8corr2DKlCmYN2+eJiA7d+6MmldEp7m5GfX19ZgzZ46Wf9GiRcjNzY2a124J2AOxm0ccXp/ApfqenkZog3WBCI2RI350tR1BU/jIyEczrsd3F4zCtr3/DJgj6Ub7OzWovvMHKBgfZqgUxpoIh/Q27rjjDi12z549ePnll5Gfnx/z0GTw4MGYOnWq1hs5cOAARDy2bNmiCZD0ZlIpUEBSyVtOq+vQb2L5hpuw7ckXsa939cTf+R6eX1+D7ps9Jrf2aowv+AHurK7BO+29KzX+o9i76SDm3n8LRsVwJbz11ltBwiHDkWHDhsVdT+l5iAg98cQTKC8vhwxvRKhSIcSALXHNCPx1SlypLCl5BL6AUXPWoW7VUGyd9kWkpXkx61dHccsv12JBxjXInugNM6xIR8bo8cgeQKXTR92C++cexKa9R7W5Ff+R9/Fq9924Z4axCMiQQy7ql156Cdu3b9d6DmYIR/8mSK/k97//PSZPnqwJVSr0RmwlIP2B8rsbCAzFhNtLsLVDQakO/GX9AkwbcjrsJKlOI9LQpyc+dFJWzwcMw4x77kb3q+/jiP8MDv7fG8CCO3FDRuTLQCY5ly9fjszMTO3injBhwmVzFnyS4c3ChQuxefNmlJSUaBOtFhRjmsnI5EwrgoZIIAIBWY4tyEXZvlNBCbQ5EOSjICdCzyDDi4nZZ3onSy9n7Zk7ycLE0ZGmQ9ORccOdWIBa1DfU47WNo7CkICtoBeiyNWgrJPok56pVqyAXd6KC9EZklebpp5/W5lwSVe4VlyNPJLNL6Hm6oF1qw3qEIxCvj4LzX1TNlfMU8p5QtR2fa8X5OvarLaXzVFF1q/KFq4B27HPVVr1MeTxFqvLDs7356tWzCycrT2mt6jkSKbPkfUTl5d2sxhmkvXDhgpo+fbp64YUXIhlKyPHjx49r9di6dWtCyrvSQmT3n21C8Mllm2qxIgEETPeRr0M1bClVeYAS28grVVsaOoLEw9dcqfKBYHE436xqKwPyYbJaWF6tGnqFKKDKoR/P1qpSz12qvOHT0DillIjH4sWLky4eeuV0Eamvr9cP2eadO1GvuM/m7gym7kS1KUrZ2/G3v/1NWxmxSxVlI9r8+fO1YY2ddrLaSkDs4izWIzIBpwuIfqHK/g4rVloik40eI3Mib775pq2EjZOo0f3GFCYSsPtSvSzXrlmzxnbiIS6QCd2TJ09C9qPYJVBA7OIJ1iPpBGTfxYgRI7RdpUmvTIQKPPPMM1i9ejVkb4odAgXEDl5gHWxBQHaBrlixwhZ1iVQJ2YeSl5enzdFESpPI47YSELt3bxPpmESX5Xb2+q5PqzeKmeHX++67T9sVa4ateG3YSkDibQzzk8BACbz77rv48Y9/PNDsCc0nm8wkyIRvsoOtVmGcPsOfbGcblR8r+1jTRSor3vyR7MZzXOYT5EE/p0+ftuXkabi2yVKzBNn2nszgqB6InJx8RWaQzBNNL9uOz3yRZ3MsXrzYdPE4dOiQdhPeunXr9Oab9n7TTTfZ4j4ZR/VA7PjrZtoZE6ehaGyixevFx5pOT58K77K/QoIsk5oZZElYJmYliEiZPb8ivpBHJybyHp3+fGzVA7Hjr1N/YPzuPAJ///vfkZWVZWrD5HkeIh7Ss5Fgxd4NWTGS568mM9hKQJIJgmW7l4BMRsociJlh9+7dmrlly5bhe9/7Hh5++GHT927IIwZaW1vNrPYV26KAXDEyZoiHgHS77RZ27dpl+vBChkXTp0/XHl2or+7I/TVmhkmTJqGrK+o/6JhZZIgtCkgIEh4ggfgIyOSpiJK+QpKTk6MZlCeaOS3YSkDs+OvkNIezPdYT+POf/6wVIg9aliA35a1du1YTFREXJwVT/9bBDAEww4aTHGRmW8xiG6+dePObycRsW7Kn5Oc//7lmVv4HRg/6pi8RF30jmB4Xz/vGjRsxd+7cmExYsUhheg9EKjnQl1AYaF4r4MTklRRKZMT2SpphZCdaXLw+jmZ/IPFSJ7NuTtPnOfTVF52rLOHKnIiIi5lPXF+6dGlM14xeD7PfTe2BmF052iOBRBDQl0PN2Kfx+uuva1Vev359yMY0+T+Zf/zjH6irqzNlz4ksP8t9MckMpvdAktkYlm1/AtJDsFuQ5VB5zka8QZ7gLsOWSLta5a8vJejb0OMtT4ZFw4cH/MtevAYHkJ8CMgBozOIsArIcevDgwbgbpf+tpfzTXLggjyIUcZEVGv3u33DpYjkmQy6xk+zHG9pKQOz46xSLM5kmtQnMmDED77zzTtyNkCFQdXU1brzxxoi2ZLgkab70pS9FTBNLxAcffGCLZ5dwDiQWbzGNaQRkBcZuPxTyK97R0aH9D0w8v+j6sq0RLBEZM+ZapMd02223GRWVkDhTb6ZL9smR7PIT4rEBFhKNTbR4vdhY0+np+7/Hm7+/PbO+ywTn0KFD+zZ/mWXXCjsDefyAVdwdJyBWOMwpNo1++WM9wWJNF4lZvPkj2Y33uEyAyt248mChZN7dGks75MY8GXLJ81FjDVZxt9UciDQyniAXCF+RGcTD1ul5ZegizxqVv02we5At8f33mSSrzrYSkGRBYLkkIATkopT/ojVrU5kVVOUmPbPmUcyoHwXEDIq04QgCcmHKXg19M5jdGiU7WEXg7NL7ED62mgOxapxmtxMhlevjdB/JRXrHHXdg8+bNpt6zYobP5QlnkydPHtBEr1V+Yw/EDM/ShmMIyJ2zIh4PPfSQqfesxAtIhi6ffvop5s2bF68pU/PbSkCMVglMbXUsxroOoGJmLsr2nYqe2t+Jxq1lmNn3UOcClFXtRmNnt2Fef2cjdv2xAg94Ax+EnI0HKnZgV2Mn/Ia5GWkVAblbtri4GGVlZbaYD5FdqzJ0efzxx223QmQrAbHqhLhiu12HsfXJp/C/dZ/HkLUb7TvXYvYWYFFDB3xKwdfxGEa+uxKzf1WPc2EtdKPzwIv44bQcFC5vQvaGBnT4ZPXEh/PNFchuegqFOdMwq6wGLV2UkbAILT4oDwOaMmUKli9fnlQREfEoKSnRnsAezyY3y3ApE0PP3fgmGky4qc9VR8MrqnTh82p/w2aVj2mqtPakcS18H6rK/HEqv/JD5QtI6WuuVPmelar2bODRngS+tmpV5IGCp0hVfng2IFfvR1+rqi6arACPyivfr86HpkjakXh9HG/+RDf8hRdeUIsXL1anT59OdNGqvr5eTZ8+XR0/fjzusq3izh5IgDT7W7Zj0U+PouDppcgZMiggxuBjVweamzIxdexwBMJMHzkWU/EW9jZ80i/zKdT9eh2qOj3Ie3QJ7pk0tF88gPRrUVhWgnx0om5FBV5r+Sw0DY8khIAMZaQnIhOr+kOBrC5YlpFlZ6ytex69EALPeau5RLUf70ayqAVESZDu/Q62vPEL3Or5QpSUl6P9J1pxqPPy9+BPHTjUeip4LuPSMXxQ3QjAixk3ZiEjOEPft/SsKbh9nHw9iua25D44t69SLv0gIvLcc89h/vz52q34Vu4TEZG699578e9//1vbFWvLYUvAeWArAQmoV3I+ZnwNnowrQeJHV9sRNA2otkMw4stXR8551deQlSsKcgYnzlyMnI4xCSGQm5uLPXv24PDhw/j2t78d9+34/Ssty8fyD3YiUvIUd9mmbvct9dKGK7la+reZ3xNCIBMjMwcnpCQWYkxAlnjlwt6+fbv2LA7ZdCbLq/E8olAesizCIUMkeS6J3IsTy129xjVNXCxv54+LdToyRo9HNt6K3cpV4zBz6V3AihM4eVbmNiIMYs59jP1v/wvwrERBzrDY7ds8pa2W6gfISnasipDIcENubPvqV7+q7Q791re+heuvvx5jxowJeZyhXpTkkT+DamhogDyASOZXZG+HzHekQo9Db4f+zh6ITmKA79pkqSdSZm/I5CqQiRvufwQr8zqw7Xd/RXvYVdputL9Tg22dk1G0YQnyhtJNkQgn87gIicyPiCjKP9BJ2LFjh9abkPk8ecnDivTP8i5/dykiIv8VI0Oil19+WetxpKJ4SHvZA4n3DMzwYmL2GbyqTZZeXonpmVzNwvdHh/Yw0j23Y82O1zHiZ49g/kpg0y8KMaFv7uUcWt6uxNrij7Gg+nX8Ys61HGfG66ME5JfNZ+H+rkEeEyA9lFQViGjobPXTlpLd2/QsFCy5A02ry7Hlo55tY/7O9/D82ufQVLoUd08Inii91PgiimuOAZ5clGx9HzsKmrBk2U7oCzmXGjdj7vZhWNnyJtbPmYQM2RFbtqsvPppDGW8vArKK4lTxENK2EhB7uT58bfwtVShIS4O3bF/vLtMvYFT+cmxfMxzbvv5lrbs6yLsUh7L/B2/89zcRusvjIvbMHYtBWhf3i/DOegJ1J87gvDaUuYSTx47g8CuL8PUhg3q6vkO+gRUnfOErk4JHpRvP4BwCtrob1zlYndsSEYB4eorx5ncuWWtbZhV3W/VA+Otk7UlE6yRgNgFbCYjZjaM9EiABawlQQKzlS+sk4GgCFBBHu5eNIwFrCVBArOVL6/0IxDMB288Uv9qAAAXEBk5IpSpQAFLJW9bX1VYCwpPTeoezBBIwk4CtBITLuGa61p626GN7+mWgtbKVgAy0EcxHAiSQHAIUkORwZ6kk4AgCtrsbN7CLGzgnEng8kHxgGjkeS7pY0tCW6sMcDy/dP5Fs9BXCDylJgPfCpKTbWGkSuDICIuC6mF9ZTuPUHMIY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgToIAY82EsCZCAAQEKiAEcRpEACRgT6BUQP7oan8PMtGw8UHUYXSF5zuGjqgfh9Rajpr07JJYHSIAEUpWAfu17MbPiQJhrX9p1CvvKcpAW7vpXfeFT1VB+lwLuUuUNn/YdVcqnzjc8q/IwWRVVtypfQEz/j4D8+RUDCZCA3QgYX5uRrn1phfH1H3zFn9+vyvM8CnnPqobzPVLha6tWRR6Pyivfr85HoWJcySiZGU0CJGAZgajXZphrX6tM73FPUbVqC9N7CBYQ0ZtAwfC1quqiyUGCEq6Fx48fV8XFxfJvzKqkpETJdwYSIAF7ENi6dat2bc6bN0/V1tZGqJTe0wjsLPT2TAI6FP0zhwiIUp+rtuplyoM8tXBhnoJnmapu+7x/vr7vp0+fVmPGjNEqKAIir+uuu07JcQYSIIHkEnjyySfViBEj+q5P+SyCEj4EDmVO905d9J/SCM4ZRkCkG9Lb84hh3mPz5s19ldMFRN4jVzK4AvxGAiRgDQH5EQ+8JvXP8gMfMejXft59amHeuKhTF2EFpGcY09ObiDT20SsgQxa9YnzvYUYO5GD3c0C/fsO9913/BkMXPV/oPpCuw9iy6nFUTSxHbW05JlYVY/6zkZZ3gJkzZ2LEiBFBa1iZmZmor68XceKLDHgOJPEcGD9+fNC1KV9mz54dcizwQPqQTAwH4JkxBf+ZESoRQWkDvwBn0LjxZ3jw7Rmo/M1DuPXWxagovxF1K36JjY1ngpP2fpPKzJ07Fx6PRzsi4vGTn/wEubm5YdPzIAmQQOIIbNq0CWPGjNEKlB/66667Di+99JJ5FdC7IjJ52lH7ROh+j0jLO5czap9k5UW6bVyB6QeGX0kgyQT0uZCDBw+qCxcuRK/N2VpV6oHylNaqs1FS9/VP/O27sXr+JmDls1hTeC36IjJysPQ3T2Fhczl+uq4Wnf7w4jV69GgtQn8Pn4pHSYAEEk1g2LBhWpFTp07F4MGDTS2+Rye6DuDZ+cWomrgCFatmwdOnHlJWOjIm3Yt1G+ag+alHsXrnMUTQEFMrRmMkQAL2J5AmPRSzqpmWlqZNmJllj3ZIgATMIWDVtRnU1zCnqrRCAiTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCFBC3eJrtJAELCFBALIBKkyTgFgIUELd4mu0kAQsIUEAsgEqTJOAWAhQQt3ia7SQBCwhQQCyASpMk4BYCV7mloanQzrS0tFSoZtLqqJRKWtksODwBCkh4Lkk7yoskPHqKa3guyT7KIUyyPcDySSCFCVBAUth5rDoJJJsABSTZHmD5JJDCBCggKew8Vp0Ekk2AApJsD7B8EkhhAhSQFHYeq04CySZg+jIul9uS7VLnls9zy36+NVVAuIchPgfzAjHmx/PLmE8yYjmESQZ1lkkCDiFAAXGII9kMEkgGAQpIMqizTBJwCAEKiEMcyWaQQDIIUECSQZ1lkoBDCFBAHOJINoMEkkHA1GXcZDTAaWVyKddpHnV2eyggNvIv9znYyBmsSkwEOISJCRMTkQAJhCNAAQlHhcdIgARiIkABiQkTE5EACYQjQAEJR4XHSIAEYiJAAYkJExORAAmEI0ABCUfFAcf87TV40JuDsn2norSmG52N21A20wtZQk5L82Jm2cvY1dgJv0FOf2cjdv2xAg94JY/+ysYDFTui5jUwy6gUI0ABSTGHxVRd/zHsfOxxVHVGT+1v343Vs7cDi3aiw6egfI1YP7IeP5r9AurOhZOQbnQeeBE/nJaDwuVNyN7Q0JNP+XC+uQLZTU+hMGcaZpXVoKUrXP7odWKKFCKgGBxG4Kz6sLJIjcvLUzdjmiqtPWnQvouquXKeQn6lavYFJPN9qCrzbw6b19dWrYo8UPAUqcoPzwZk6v3oa1XVRZMV4FF55fvV+dAUPOIgAuyBpJDYR6+qH12NlfjR6sF4etXdyIiaoQttzUfhmToWIwPPhPThGDv1c2zb+0+cC7JxCnW/XoeqTg/yHl2CeyYNDYrVvqRfi8KyEuSjE3UrKvBay2ehaXjEMQQCTxvHNMq1DelqwMaf/g5ZG1ag8NrB0TH4T6H1UEfEdJ2HWnEicBRy6Rg+qG4E4MWMG7MiClR61hTcPk7MHkVzW1dE+4xIfQIUkNT3YW8LzqBx41P4010v4fk51yImx3Z1oLkphomSEEZDMOLLV4cc7Ttw1deQlSsKcgYnzlzsO8wPziPAe2Ec4dNutNesxuw/3YI33sjRegaBHYfkNTETIzNj6Aklr4IsOU4CMf1QxVkGs1tMQFZSHituxaMVP8S0jCtwaYYXE7M9sdfuqnGYufQuAOdx8qzB3Ma5j7H/7X8BnnwU5AyL3T5TphyBKzjbUq5tLqnwZziy9w+o6vwTVuR8pW9PxqCJD+ItNOKZWSOQVlCFlnBdEm2y1BuRU8jkKjJxw/2PYGVeB7b97q9oD2cT3Wh/pwbbOiejaMMS5A3lKRYRsAMi6N2Ud+LVmFD0GuRRAIEvX3Ml8jENpbUnofYWYUJYT2dg9MQshEyWapOrZ5A90RsyUZruuR1rdryOFZfWYf7K/ns9zqHl7RexqvhjLKh+Pfa5mJT3gXsbEPa0ci8Ot7X8aowv+AGKmp7D2i2Hoa2X+Dtx4PmnsLrpHpTdPSFoMvZS44sorjkGeHJRsvV97ChowpJlO6FPw15q3Iy524dhZcubWD9nEjK6DqCibFdfvNvouqG9FBA3eFlvo/8jVBV4keZdhX29u0zTR92Gsu0lGLktH0NkS/ogLwoPZWPDGw+HGX5cxJ65YzFI27r+RXhnPYG6E2dwXhvKXMLJY0dw+JVF+PqQQT1DqSHfwIoTPr10vjuQQJpsinNgu9gkEiCBBBBgDyQBkFkECTiVAAXEqZ5lu0ggAQQoIAmAzCJIwKkEKCBO9SzbRQIJIEABSQBkFkECTiVAAXGqZ9kuEkgAAQpIAiCzCBJwKgEKiFM9y3aRQAIIUEASAJlFkIBTCfw/EK4AQVQeaaAAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<p>What is the reading of the ammeter?</p>
<p>A. 0 A</p>
<p>B. 1.8 A</p>
<p>C. 9.0 A</p>
<p>D. 11 A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A metal wire has <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>n</mi></math> free charge carriers per unit volume. The charge on the carrier is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>q</mi></math>. What additional quantity is needed to determine the current per unit area in the wire?</p>
<p>A. Cross-sectional area of the wire</p>
<p>B. Drift speed of charge carriers</p>
<p>C. Potential difference across the wire</p>
<p>D. Resistivity of the metal</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows two current-carrying wires, P and Q, that both lie in the plane of the paper. The arrows show the conventional current direction in the wires.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The electromagnetic force on Q is in the same plane as that of the wires. What is the direction of the electromagnetic force acting on Q?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Four resistors of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math> each are connected as shown.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the effective resistance between P and Q?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This has a very low discrimination index. It is suspected that students did not realise that PQ has 2 branches in parallel and many chose D, 4 ohm, the value of a single resistor.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>For a real cell in a circuit, the terminal potential difference is at its closest to the emf when</p>
<p>A. the internal resistance is much smaller than the load resistance.</p>
<p>B. a large current flows in the circuit.</p>
<p>C. the cell is not completely discharged.</p>
<p>D. the cell is being recharged.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A liquid that contains negative charge carriers is flowing through a square pipe with sides A, B, C and D. A magnetic field acts in the direction shown across the pipe.</p>
<p>On which side of the pipe does negative charge accumulate?</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_16.46.44.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/19"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three identical resistors of resistance R are connected as shown to a battery with a potential difference of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>12</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>V</mtext></math> and an internal resistance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>R</mtext><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math>. A voltmeter is connected across one of the resistors.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the reading on the voltmeter?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>V</mtext></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>V</mtext></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>6</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>V</mtext></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>V</mtext></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In the circuits shown, the cells have the same emf and zero internal resistance. All resistors are identical.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>What is the order of increasing power dissipated in each circuit?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows two cylindrical wires, X and Y. Wire X has a length <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>l</mi></math></em>, a diameter <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>d</mi></math></em>, and a resistivity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>ρ</mi></math>. Wire Y has a length <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>l</mi></math>, a diameter of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>d</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math>and a resistivity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>ρ</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>resistance of X</mtext><mtext>resistance of Y</mtext></mfrac></math>?</p>
<p>A. 4</p>
<p>B. 2</p>
<p>C. 0.5</p>
<p>D. 0.25</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Five resistors of equal resistance are connected to a cell as shown.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_16.48.40.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/20"></p>
<p>What is correct about the power dissipated in the resistors?</p>
<p>A. The power dissipated is greatest in resistor X.</p>
<p>B. The power dissipated is greatest in resistor Y.</p>
<p>C. The power dissipated is greatest in resistor Z.</p>
<p>D. The power dissipated is the same in all resistors.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A cell has an emf of 4.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 Ω. The ideal voltmeter reads 3.2 V.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_10.10.06.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/22"></p>
<p>What is the resistance of R?</p>
<p>A. 0.8 Ω</p>
<p>B. 2.0 Ω</p>
<p>C. 4.0 Ω</p>
<p>D. 8.0 Ω</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the unit of electrical potential difference expressed in fundamental SI units?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. kg m s<sup>-1</sup> C<sup>-1</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-2</sup> C<sup>-1</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-3</sup> A<sup>-1</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. kg m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> A</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The most popular answer was B giving a low discrimination index for this question. It should be a relatively straightforward question provided the candidate can remember which of ‘C’ or ‘A’ is the fundamental unit.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron enters the region between two charged parallel plates initially moving parallel to the plates.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_10.07.01.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/20"></p>
<p>The electromagnetic force acting on the electron</p>
<p>A. causes the electron to decrease its horizontal speed.</p>
<p>B. causes the electron to increase its horizontal speed.</p>
<p>C. is parallel to the field lines and in the opposite direction to them.</p>
<p>D. is perpendicular to the field direction.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two resistors X and Y are made of uniform cylinders of the same material. X and Y are connected in series. X and Y are of equal length and the diameter of Y is twice the diameter of X.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_16.52.34.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/21"></p>
<p>The resistance of Y is <em>R</em>.</p>
<p>What is the resistance of this series combination?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{5R}}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{3R}}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. 3<em>R</em></p>
<p>D. 5<em>R</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A cell with negligible internal resistance is connected as shown. The ammeter and the voltmeter are both ideal. </p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.33.11.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/19_01"></p>
<p>What changes occur in the ammeter reading and in the voltmeter reading when the resistance of the variable resistor is increased?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.34.17.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/19_02"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A particle of mass <em>m</em> and charge of magnitude <em>q</em> enters a region of uniform magnetic field <em>B</em> that is directed into the page. The particle follows a circular path of radius <em>R</em>. What are the sign of the charge of the particle and the speed of the particle?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A combination of four identical resistors each of resistance <em>R</em> are connected to a source of emf <em>ε</em> of negligible internal resistance. What is the current in the resistor X?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{\varepsilon }{{5R}}">
<mfrac>
<mi>ε</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{3\varepsilon }}{{10R}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>ε</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{2\varepsilon }}{{5R}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>ε</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{3\varepsilon }}{{5R}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>ε</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<mi>R</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two copper wires X and Y are connected in series. The diameter of Y is double that of X. The drift speed in X is <em>v</em>. What is the drift speed in Y?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. 2<em>v</em></p>
<p>D. 4<em>v</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A cell is connected in series with a resistor and supplies a current of 4.0 A for a time of 500 s. During this time, 1.5 kJ of energy is dissipated in the cell and 2.5 kJ of energy is dissipated in the resistor.</p>
<p>What is the emf of the cell?</p>
<p>A. 0.50 V</p>
<p>B. 0.75 V</p>
<p>C. 1.5 V</p>
<p>D. 2.0 V</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows two equal and opposite charges that are fixed in place.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>At which points is the net electric field directed to the right?</p>
<p>A. X and Y only</p>
<p>B. Z and Y only</p>
<p>C. X and Z only</p>
<p>D. X, Y and Z</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three identical resistors each of resistance <em>R</em> are connected with a variable resistor X as shown. X is initially set to <em>R</em>. The current in the cell is 0.60 A.</p>
<p>The cell has negligible internal resistance.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>X is now set to zero. What is the current in the cell?</p>
<p>A. 0.45 A</p>
<p>B. 0.60 A</p>
<p>C. 0.90 A</p>
<p>D. 1.80 A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Option C was the most common (correct) answer, however option B was also a frequent response. This question had a relatively high discrimination index, suggesting that more able candidates had less difficulty managing resistance in this combination circuit.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>With reference to internal energy conversion and ability to be recharged, what are the characteristics of a primary cell?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A –5µC charge and a +10µC charge are a fixed distance apart.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Where can the electric field be zero? </p>
<p>A. position I only <br>B. position II only <br>C. position III only <br>D. positions I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a lamp. A second identical lamp is added in series. What is the change in potential difference across the first lamp and what is the change in the output power of the battery?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A circuit consists of a cell of emf <em>E</em> = 3.0 V and four resistors connected as shown. Resistors <em>R</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>R</em><sub>4</sub> are 1.0 Ω and resistors <em>R</em><sub>2</sub> and <em>R</em><sub>3</sub> are 2.0 Ω.</p>
<p>What is the voltmeter reading?</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>A. 0.50 V</p>
<p>B. 1.0 V</p>
<p>C. 1.5 V</p>
<p>D. 2.0 V</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>There were some comments from teachers that the circuit is unfamiliar, however it is basically a series and parallel circuit and can be solved by considering the parallel sections individually either by calculating the current through each and then the voltages across the individual resistors or by considering the resistors as a potential divider. It has a low discrimination index at HL with many choosing option C (B correct) and very poor discrimination at SL, again with option C the most popular choice.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Kirchhoff’s laws are applied to the circuit shown.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the equation for the dotted loop?</p>
<p>A. 0 = 3<em>I</em><sub>2</sub> + 4<em>I</em><sub>3</sub></p>
<p>B. 0 = 4<em>I</em><sub>3</sub> − 3<em>I</em><sub>2</sub></p>
<p>C. 6 = 2<em>I</em><sub>1</sub> + 3<em>I</em><sub>2</sub> + 4<em>I</em><sub>3</sub></p>
<p>D. 6 = 3<em>I</em><sub>2</sub> + 4<em>I</em><sub>3</sub></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A long straight vertical conductor carries a current <em>I</em> upwards. An electron moves with horizontal speed <em>v</em> to the right.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the direction of the magnetic force on the electron?</p>
<p>A. Downwards</p>
<p>B. Upwards</p>
<p>C. Into the page</p>
<p>D. Out of the page</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An ion moves in a circle in a uniform magnetic field. Which single change would increase the radius of the circular path?</p>
<p><br>A. Decreasing the speed of the ion</p>
<p>B. Increasing the charge of the ion</p>
<p>C. Increasing the mass of the ion</p>
<p>D. Increasing the strength of the magnetic field</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">A beam of negative ions flows in the plane of the page through the magnetic field due to two bar magnets.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What is the direction in which the negative ions will be deflected?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. Out of the page <span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \odot ">
<mo>⊙</mo>
</math></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. Into the page X</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. Up the page ↑</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. Down the page ↓</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was well answered by candidates.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The resistance of component X decreases when the intensity of light incident on it increases. X is connected in series with a cell of negligible internal resistance and a resistor of fixed resistance. The ammeter and voltmeter are ideal.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the change in the reading on the ammeter and the change in the reading on the voltmeter when the light incident on X is increased?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">Charge flows through a liquid. The charge flow is made up of positive and negative ions. In one second 0.10 C of negative ions flow in one direction and 0.10 C of positive ions flow in the opposite direction.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What is the magnitude of the electric current flowing through the liquid?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. 0 A</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. 0.05 A</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. 0.10 A</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. 0.20 A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A beam of electrons moves between the poles of a magnet.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_10.08.39.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/21"></p>
<p>What is the direction in which the electrons will be deflected?</p>
<p>A. Downwards</p>
<p>B. Towards the N pole of the magnet</p>
<p>C. Towards the S pole of the magnet</p>
<p>D. Upwards</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A particle with a charge <em>ne</em> is accelerated through a potential difference <em>V</em>.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the magnitude of the work done on the particle?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="eV">
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</math></span><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="neV">
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</math></span><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{nV}}{e}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
</mfrac>
</math></span><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{eV}}{n}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>V</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</math></span></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Three resistors of resistance 1.0 Ω, 6.0 Ω and 6.0 Ω are connected as shown. The voltmeter is ideal and the cell has an emf of 12 V with negligible internal resistance.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAALkAAAD8CAYAAAArOAWDAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAABbLSURBVHhe7d0PcBRVngfwbwaKgkAIG0gdHTihSC7RuqAcCawlcR0UJ94pQgEBRRNy4Ti8Dbqnq5PDc6t0j7hqqLAWiH/K5AjBP6gzxbpHaQZDhZPslqkJ8sc6kggWmDGDFQz5gwn/Mu/69bxJZpIJSeb/vPw+VV0z87p7utP97Tev33RPYpgKhEhMJx4JkRbV5CHW1NSEb775Bg0NDWhvb+8rS01N1Z5PmzYNt956K+bNm4cFCxZoZcQ/FPIQ4CG2WCzYu3cvkpKSsGrVKiQnJyMxMVFM0a+1tRVnz57Fl19+iXfffRfFxcVYs2ZN30FARo9CHkQ83DyoNTU12LJlCx566CEkJCSIscNra2vT5uUHB/faa69R2H3BQ04Cq7u7m1VUVLBFixYxk8mkvfbX0aNHtfdTa/aAvN9YQieeAWaz2fDUU09p7e7PP/9ca5pMmjRJjPXdkiVLcOTIEe35Pffcoy2HjJAIOwmA5uZmrbbltXgw8Vqd7zr+SIZHIQ8QV8BDFTwK+shRyAOAt5FDGXAXvjy+XH6AkaFR70oAGI1G3HLLLVoPSqjxrsndu3fjgw8+CEjbX0Z04uknHrJLly5h48aNoiS0DAaD1q348ccfixIyENXkfujp6dF6Ovbt2xfW/mvenz59+nT89NNPo+qHHyuoJvfDZ599hpUrV4b9CxoebJPJhPfff1+UEHdUk/vIVYubzWbMnj1blIYPX5/Y2Fiqzb2gmtxHx44dwx133BERAef4SefOnTthtVpFCXGhkPuIf/uYk5MjXo3URRwuykRMzFqUN10RZQM4GlCenYSY7HI0OUTZCGVlZdEJqDe8uUJGj/dPq00D8WrkehvLmAEKM5SdZr2izN1w44fDdyld2+KJanIf8N4Mzpe2ry7lLqwzAJb9f8GZQTV1O77+1AyLko+iNak+fcw+99xzaG5uFq8IRyH3wcWLF6HX68WrUdKlYk1RPhSLGZ9+7bxpok/nMXxUehBK7jJkTvVt1/AvpfjFYaQfhdwH586d08LkGx2mZi5DrnIQpR8dQ6coVRvj6LR+gUp7DrZtvAtTRelo8ZsyiCcKuQ8uX77sX5im3oWN23Jgr/wC1k5Xm6UN1ioL7IYHkJUyUZSRgBBt87Dgi4/mwR/OE8wMZqxudRZ0VDOjks4KTOd8OuF04TdpeFvXaBmCIew1uboOUTfwbxcrKirEX+AbXerDKDIClVUn1SbLNfzwhRmVWI7Hlv2t3x+vfP28rXekD8FCzRUfpKenB+DkLgGZ2QY15WqTpf0Mqt7+HGnPrMRiH084XXhTiniikPuI36TsH/UEVJ+HbfOP4OC7H2K/ZSFyH74dU8RYX/GDj/+cBXGjfkyETZgX7xe+7v5/6dLDGstytPdSCkzM5k9jXPD1S6pIEKw8UE3uI/6lC79+xT8TkbrmCRiVDOQ+9ivM8nNv8Jubea8PXaDliULuo2XLlvXdPe+Xqffi1RYrXr13hijw3eHDh7X1Ip7CeqltTExMUM+qgykSb1RYvHhx2G/g8Eew8kA1uY94sPmlrfwXriJBbW2tdukv/cLWYBRyP/C7gl555ZW+C7bChd8wUVJSgsLCQlFC3FHI/cBvmMjLy8Nbb70lSsKD34bHa3D6FVzvqE3uJ9dtcDt27NB+yi3UeH/9448/rv0kXbT3qlCbPELx2874yd7TTz8d8t8n5MvjAecHGHUbDo1CHgC8qcCDxn/cM1RB558gL730ktZcCscnSDShkAcID5or6P5/5X9z/EB69NFHtd6UcPxqV9ThbfJwCfPig8L1Q5xVVVWiJLBcv3/IL6mVTbDyQCeeQcBrWl7D8mYM/63yQPxsBe+m5L04Bw4cwDvvvCNlTwqdeEYRHmr+A5x33nmn1nzZtWuXz00YfsDw+fm3q/x9+aUE1FU4OlSTBxk/QeT92PxLI9c/xbr99tuRlpbm9Vdo+fT8bnt+ySyf78SJE9rJ5fr166XvQQlWHijkIXT8+HGcPHlSCzD/hpJbsWKF1qzhv4zL/4kWx69w5Ddm8INhLNXaFHJJ8eZId3e39nysX3dCISfSC1Ye6MSTSI9CTqRHISfSo5AT6VHIifQo5ER6FHIiPQo5kR6FnEiPQk6kRyEn0qOQE+lRyIn0KOREehRyIj0KOZEehZxIj0JOpEchJ9KjkBPpUciJ9CjkRHoUciI9CjmRHoWcSI9CTqRHISfSo5AT6VHIifQo5ER6FHIiPQo5kR6FnEgvgkPejvrtDyFmgxl2UeJ0Dfb6ShQtTdL+MwEfkjZsh7neDoeYAuqzzsPPIykmCdnlDW7l7q6gqXytOv9alDddEWVERhEa8k40lP8Wy587KF67OHC5/g2sz3wNFx7+GC29DKzrNHbNPITVmZtQWt8uptNhqj4P2wyAZf9fcMZbyh3ncHT/UcDwALJSJopCIqOIC7nDXoeKon/BH64tRG6yKOzThrqP3kNN8gY89eQSKHztp9yKVf9ZBKNyEKUfHVMPD0E3F1nrstSUf46jZwbW1OrB8vVnqLQkwVj0MFKp0Sa1CNu9zTjwHxuxZ9wmvFJwJxJFab8ZuPdVK9iZZ5ExXhRxsfFIjAXsF9rxsygCJiJ1zRNq+I+i8tOTuCxKncTBohiQnSn3/8YkERfyeKQ/dQB/fvl+Zy09Qo7vTuDQWSB5/hzPA2Pq7cjOTUJN6QHUdbq1WTpPoqqyBYZtedBPpWpcdhG2h6ciNSMZU8SrkWnH15+aYUEOnn/47+FewfOaX7/x1zDYLaiytoky9aTU+gUq7VlYlzU38tprJOCifB/zE9H/xrPPnUeBqQT5qYNPIHUpd2GdoQWVVSdFe70N1ioLUPAIsumEc0yI4pCrAW+oROHyEqCkDK+vmuP9j9GlYk1RPlD5Baxqk8Xxw//ivUog97FfYRZV42NClO7ma7DXvYnCe7fi+/wKvP/M4ps0cXSYmrkMuWqDpsr6A85UfYjytMewdjGdcI4VURhy3of+b8j4ZbEz4NtGcJI69S5s3DYPlQffg3n/MRhy/xH/MIWq8bEiyvb0Nfxgfh73bixX29S7sG8kAddMRErWA5hfuhVbTz2AzdnzovUjjPgguvb1jVP4wPiG9jW/vXw1Zo9zfq3fN6RsR/0N56QD6VIfRpExA0ruKiybNUGUkrEghqnE85DjwQzj4kmECVYe6FM7Ig11cdpgzssgsvs/zZI2YLu5HnbvV6WNSRTyiDPUxWneXETNH3+N/LoMmBo71FrwKlr2zcPB1cuRv2eIqy8vN+HwJ9uxIcmtmReTjaLy/0G9/ZqYSC4U8ghy84vTvHBdnpCbh5WpU9WCCVD065DLr7488n/40TlVH4f9EJ5frsd9OYcw8w9fOa/i5AeG9XGg8l+RmbQczx/+wfvBEc14mzxcfF18mFc7SL5nprx0pt9qYS1XrawkGQx5JtYixnpz3VrCkpHBjNWtooTrYtYSPYOylVV39IoyVe9pVmZQ1G1nYFurbcxtjKbXZmIFirpMpZCZbFdFaWgFa79STR4xRntxmgPdHW3oRhwS490vTxiPuIREwN6G9p9ddbIDnTV78YJFbeEb1iFfP2vQR7hu1j+haFuOOp8Zb1d9J1VtTiGPGKO9OM2Bn9vbvJyYqiGfNvDb3P5pk++/A/O87vUJmDk3BYo6lbemTjSjkBNBh9j4BMSqz5SZ0zDZWSgFCnnU0mGyWmMr4lW/G+hSa21P4/E36Yuhno+iu7VDbeJ4cwOt58/grPqO89OSRnm5c2SjkEctV83bhdYO99v71JC3tarVcQKmTe7fvbqU+7C5IB12cTXmYO04/ZUV0D+Hl9emShUMCnkUG/93C7FaacHxcxf7TxQdNpw41AjMT8Fs94vQdHOw6vWPYco9if8qPoCmy25Bd9hRt+O3eLzOANPbG5Eh2cVrFPJoJm7vs7xQgj0N/JaQTjQd2ItKy3QUbL4PKX179zLqd+zAYUcqVr36Kf78z10ofmQPmrScq+NKX4ApoRD11S9jVcolmLe8MeQ1QNGIQh5FbtRvR0pMCjaYm0XJDOj/fTf25Nqw8bZ4xMTEI211PRbvKcO2lQNuIun9FPfFj1OnGYe42/Kxt6ENXVrIL+H8qSN4Lf+XSOIXvI2bi9Wf92izyCIqL9DydT4S2YK1X6kmJ9KTNuS8ViCEo5qcSE/aNnmo2+30yeEpWPvVFxTyAAn18iJZMPerL6i5QqRHISfSo5AT6YUt5MePH9ced+3ahZ4eub5hI6Njs9mwadMm7bnZbNYeA0pt6IdcY2MjP7voG4qLi8WYkRnJaof6Twv18iLZaLfFihUrtHlcQ3NzsxgTGAHpXeFnxaE23GpH4jqNFZG27QPWXOELGemgHqliLqedO3d6nW6oYaS8zRusgXjyto2GGioqKsRcwKJFi9Dd3e11uqGG4QSsJh/t2zQ1NcFisSA1NRV33303Jk2aJMYMbyTL82Wd/BHq5UUyX7ZFbW0tfvzxR+j1eiQkjO4Xh4dbXthC7o+RLC8S12msiLRtT12IRHoUciI9CjmRHrXJA4Qvj/SLpDxQyEnUG25fU3OFSE/akFMtTlyoJifSo5AT6VHIifQo5ER6FHIiPQo5kR6FnEiPQk6kRyEn0ovKkNO3mWQ0qCYn0qOQE+lRyIn0KOREehRyIj0KOZEehZxIj0JOpEchJ9KjkBPpUciJ9CjkRHoUciI9CjmRHoWcSI9CTqRHISfSo5AT6VHIifQo5H67Bnt9JYqWJmm/kx0TMx8bdtTC7hCjvXHYUV9RhKXa9GKe7WbU26+JCUggUcj94sDl+jewfnkN0t5sAGNX0VK9Bt8/k4P1pXW4LKby5EBnzU4szz+OxabT6GIMvS2lmHVwCzLz96HJ68GhLqepBp9s34CkvgNDHZYWofxP9Tc/oIh257vfAvQ20af3NCszKEwxVrMOUcRYK6s2ZjAklzDrdVHkQYw3lLHGXlHEelhjWY66HTczU8vAma6yluoXmV7dxtAb2R5rC9Nm621h1j1GUf4iq265qk09Fg2XPwq5H3oby5gBGcxY3SpKRuC6lZUkY8CBwYtLWLKX93IuY6ggX2U2UyFT1PFKgYnZ+g6asWW4/FFzxQ+OrjacRRx+0V6HHRvmi2ZENooq6oZuQnR3oLUbiE2MR6wo4nRxCUhGOy6094gS7iJqynbDAgWG3HXQKxNEucsEzFq5BdsMCuzlH6LqzBVRTtxRyH12A63nz6ghr8HWLfuBQgvUilRtXz+LcXvWD90m/1kNsl08d6OLm4aZ4nm/HrRfaFcf03D/HbO97yzdDMxdkKQ+OYYj37Q6y4gHCrnf0lGw6/f4zWJF25g65W7k5y5ETekB1HWG4oxwIuIT49RH9SCZNslZRDxQyH2mw+RpCWpDYgZumzPdbUOOR5xaDvtfcexbtV0y0GQ1jGojeiBHl1rDi+f9EpF+z0L1sQutHUM1RS7h/Klm9XEe0mZPcRYRDxRyn+kwZXYK5otXgyUiIW68eO4mNh6JamO8u7UD7oeAs30/sDaeiJTsR1Cg1KOy6iQ6RamHzm/x1aFu6EuexdrUiaKQuKOQ+0E3cy4WKI04dMKG/obJDXS1twFKCubOHHiiqBo/BwtXZ8B+/Bwu9M10Bd+dqFNDPrg21s1aiddrTMitK0WxucGjne+w12LHk0bU5e7C209kgurxIYheFr8E6G2ikOjCUwqZyca793pZV6OJGfUZrMB0ztmfPUgv66jeyhSks7yyU6yrbx5lcDfgdSsr/Z2rq7GDnS7bzB4sO+18X94V+WB/v3mvzcQKS63Ma9e85IbLH4Xcbx2s0VLK8hRo2wFKHiuxNKrhdeli1hK9Os7tix73L3K0QWF6415mHdgPLvrUndM4h+QSEeQWE8tzK/cYN8bwv/1movJ/6xPibrj8UZucSI9CTqRHISfSG/Ntcr7uxCma9+HN1p1CHsXrHkgy70NqrhDpUciJ9CjkRHoUciI9CjmRnjS9K3wdfBWtvQqBFM3bb7j8SRVyX9YhEtY9EkTz9htuHai5QqRHISfSo5AT6VHIifQo5ER61LuizkecfN1+kb7vx3zIiX+iYd9Tc4VIj0JOpEchJ9KjkBPpUciJ9CjkRHoUciI9CjmRHoWcSI9CTqRHISfSo5AT6VHIifQo5ER6FHIiPQo5kR6FnEiPQk6kRyEn0qOQE+lRyIn0oj7kNpsNmzZt0p6bzWbtkYTG3r17tceXX35Z2w8RiwVAgN7GJytWrNCW7xoaGxvFGBJMR48e9djuxcXFYkzo8eXfTMB+dyWSBOBPIsPgn5qrV68Wr8LvZvs8IM0VvoBwDRUVFWItgEWLFuGnn34Sr0gw6fV6bXu78P3gbf+EariZgNTk4VZbW4usrCwt4AkJCaKUBFtbWxumT58OtemCJUuWiNLII0XIOfqZuPCIhu1OXYhEehRyIj0KOZEehZxIj0JOpEch99s12OsrUbQ0SetpiImZjw07amF3iNHeOOyoryjCUm16Mc92M+rt18QEJJAo5H5x4HL9G1i/vAZpbzaAsatoqV6D75/JwfrSOlwWU3lyoLNmJ5bnH8di02l0MYbellLMOrgFmfn70OT14FCX01SDT7ZvQFLfgaEOS4tQ/qf6mx9QZJgv/aNIWP6U3tOszKAwxVjNOkQRY62s2pjBkFzCrNdFkQcx3lDGGntFEethjWU56t+wmZlaBs50lbVUv8j06t8HvZHtsbYwbbbeFmbdYxTlL7Lqlqva1KEWDRGikPuht7GMGZDBjNWtomQErltZSTIGHBi8uIQle3kv5zKGCvJVZjMVMkUdrxSYmK3voAmdaAg5NVf84Ohqw1nE4RftddixYb5oRmSjqKJu6CZEdwdau4HYxHjEiiJOF5eAZLTjQnuPKOEuoqZsNyxQYMhdB70yQZS7TMCslVuwzaDAXv4hqs5cEeXEHYXcZzfQev6MGvIabN2yHyi0QK1I1fb1sxi3Z/3QbfKf1SDbxXM3urhpmCme9+tB+4V29TEN998x2/vO0s3A3AVJ6pNjOPJNq7OMeKCQ+y0dBbt+j98sVrSNqVPuRn7uQtSUHkBdZyjOCCciPjFOfVQPkmmTnEXEA4XcZzpMnpagNiRm4LY509025HjEqeWw/xXHvlXbJQNNVsOoNqIHcnSpNbx43i8R6fcsVB+70NoxVFPkEs6falYf5yFt9hRnEfFAIfeZDlNmp2C+eDVYIhLixovnbmLjkag2xrtbO+B+CDjb9wNr44lIyX4EBUo9KqtOolOUeuj8Fl8d6oa+5FmsTZ0oCok7CrkfdDPnYoHSiEMnbOhvmNxAV3sboKRg7syBJ4qq8XOwcHUG7MfP4ULfTFfw3Yk6NeSDa2PdrJV4vcaE3LpSFJsbPNr5DnstdjxpRF3uLrz9RCaoHh+C6GWJeuH5U0QXnlLITDbevdfLuhpNzKjPYAWmc87+7EF6WUf1VqYgneWVnWJdffMog7sBr1tZ6e9cXY0d7HTZZvZg2Wnn+/KuyAf7+817bSZWWGplXrvmgygaIkQh91sHa7SUsjxF3NSr5LESS6MaXpcuZi3Rq+Pcvuhx/yJHGxSmN+5l1oH94KJP3TmNc0guEUFuMbE8t3KPcSHElxvp6M4g4pdo2O7UJifSo5AT6Y355gqfjzj5uv0iPUIU8ijYSaEg8/aj5gqRHoWcSI9CTqRHISfSo5AT6UnVu+Ir6l2Re/tJE3JfUReik8zbgZorRHoUciI9CjmRHoWcSI9CTqRHvSt+dJ3JRtYojPmQE/lRc4VIj0JOpEchJ9KjkBPJAf8PIzhoyASwHU4AAAAASUVORK5CYII="></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the reading on the voltmeter?<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. 3.0 V<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. 4.0 V<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. 8.0 V<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. 9.0 V</span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Most candidates at both levels gave option A as the correct response instead of D. This would indicate that they have misread the diagram thinking the voltmeter was across the 1.0Ω resistor not the parallel combination.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">Two cells each of emf 9.0 V and internal resistance 3.0 Ω are connected in series. A 12.0 Ω resistor is connected in series to the cells. What is the current in the resistor?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. 0.50 A</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. 0.75 A</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. 1.0 A</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. 1.5 A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was well answered by candidates and had a higher discrimination index.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A thin copper wire and a thick copper wire are connected in series to an electric cell. Which quantity will be greater in the thin wire?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Current<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Number of free charge carriers per unit volume<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Net number of charge carriers crossing a section of a wire every second<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Drift speed of the charge carriers</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A negatively charged particle in a uniform gravitational field is positioned mid-way between two charged conducting plates.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="214" height="174"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The potential difference between the plates is adjusted until the particle is held at rest relative to the plates.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What change will cause the particle to accelerate downwards relative to the plates?</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Decreasing the charge on the particle<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Decreasing the separation of the plates<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Increasing the length of the plates<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Increasing the potential difference between the plates</span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron travelling at speed <em>v</em> perpendicular to a magnetic field of strength <em>B</em> experiences a force <em>F</em>.</p>
<p>What is the force acting on an alpha particle travelling at 2<em>v</em> parallel to a magnetic field of strength 2<em>B</em>?</p>
<p>A. 0</p>
<p>B. 2<em>F</em></p>
<p>C. 4<em>F</em></p>
<p>D. 8<em>F</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A wire has variable cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional area at Y is double that at X.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>At X, the current in the wire is <em>I</em> and the electron drift speed is <em>v</em>. What is the current and the electron drift speed at Y?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three point charges of equal magnitude are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The signs of the charges are shown. Point P is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle. What is the direction of the resultant electric field at P?</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was very well answered by both HL and SL candidates, reflected in the high difficulty level for both papers.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The diagram shows a resistor network. The potential difference between X and Y is 8.0 V.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="394" height="190"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the current in the 5Ω resistor?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. 1.0A<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. 1.6A<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. 2.0A<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. 3.0A</span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In the circuit shown, the fixed resistor has a value of 3 Ω and the variable resistor can be varied between 0 Ω and 9 Ω.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The power supply has an emf of 12 V and negligible internal resistance. What is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of voltage <em>V</em> across the 3 Ω resistor?</p>
<p>A. 3 V</p>
<p>B. 6 V</p>
<p>C. 9 V</p>
<p>D. 12 V</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two conductors <em>S</em> and <em>T</em> have the <em>V</em>/<em>I</em> characteristic graphs shown below.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>When the conductors are placed in the circuit below, the reading of the ammeter is 6.0 A.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the emf of the cell?</p>
<p>A. 4.0 V</p>
<p>B. 5.0 V</p>
<p>C. 8.0 V</p>
<p>D. 13 V</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A variable resistor is connected in series to a cell with internal resistance <em>r</em> as shown.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The resistance of the variable resistor is increased. What happens to the power dissipated in the cell and to the terminal potential difference of the cell?</p>
<p><br><img 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"> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">When a wire with an electric current <em>I</em> is placed in a magnetic field of strength <em>B</em> it experiences a magnetic force <em>F</em>. What is the direction of <em>F</em>?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. In a direction determined by <em>I</em> only<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. In a direction determined by <em>B</em> only<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. In the plane containing <em>I</em> and <em>B</em><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. At 90° to the plane containing <em>I</em> and <em>B</em></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A horizontal wire PQ lies perpendicular to a uniform horizontal magnetic field.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A length of 0.25 m of the wire is subject to a magnetic field strength of 40 mT. A downward magnetic force of 60 mN acts on the wire.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the magnitude and direction of the current in the wire?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>P and Q are two opposite point charges. The force <em>F</em> acting on P due to Q and the electric field strength <em>E</em> at P are shown.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which diagram shows the force on Q due to P and the electric field strength at Q?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Option A was the most frequent answer selected by both HL and SL candidates, suggesting that determining the direction of the electric field was more problematic than the direction of the force (Newton 3).</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Magnetic field lines are an example of</p>
<p>A. a discovery that helps us understand magnetism.</p>
<p>B. a model to aid in visualization.</p>
<p>C. a pattern in data from experiments.</p>
<p>D. a theory to explain concepts in magnetism.<br><br></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two charges <em>Q</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>Q</em><sub>2</sub>, each equal to 2 nC, are separated by a distance 3 m in a vacuum. What is the electric force on <em>Q</em><sub>2</sub> and the electric field due to <em>Q</em><sub>1</sub> at the position of <em>Q</em><sub>2</sub>?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A wire of length <em>L</em> is used in an electric heater. When the potential difference across the wire is 200 V, the power dissipated in the wire is 1000 W. The same potential difference is applied across a second similar wire of length 2<em>L</em>. What is the power dissipated in the second wire?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. 250 W</p>
<p>B. 500 W</p>
<p>C. 2000 W</p>
<p>D. 4000 W</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three resistors are connected as shown. What is the value of the total resistance between X and Y?</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_16.44.55.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/18"></p>
<p>A. 1.5 Ω</p>
<p>B. 1.9 Ω</p>
<p>C. 6.0 Ω</p>
<p>D. 8.0 Ω</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A rectangular coil of wire RSTU is connected to a battery and placed in a magnetic field <em>Z</em> directed to the right. Both the plane of the coil and the magnetic field direction are in the same plane.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is true about the magnetic force acting on the sides RS and ST?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A charge <em>Q</em> is at a point between two electric charges <em>Q</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>Q</em><sub>2</sub>. The net electric force on Q is zero. Charge <em>Q</em><sub>1</sub> is further from <em>Q</em> than charge <em>Q</em><sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p>What is true about the signs of the charges <em>Q</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>Q</em><sub>2</sub> and their magnitudes?</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A charge +<em>Q</em> and a charge −2<em>Q</em> are a distance 3<em>x</em> apart. Point P is on the line joining the charges, at a distance <em>x</em> from +<em>Q</em>.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The magnitude of the electric field produced at P by the charge +<em>Q</em> alone is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math>.</p>
<p>What is the total electric field at P?</p>
<p><br>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math> to the right</p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math> to the left</p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>E</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math> to the right</p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>E</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math> to the left</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two cylinders, X and Y, made from the same material, are connected in series.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The cross-sectional area of Y is twice that of X. The drift speed of the electrons in X is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>v</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> and in Y it is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>v</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></math>.</p>
<p>What is the ratio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msub><mi>v</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub><msub><mi>v</mi><mtext>Y</mtext></msub></mfrac></math>?</p>
<p>A. 4</p>
<p>B. 2</p>
<p>C. 1</p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Responses from SL candidates were split between options B and D. Candidates appeared to recognize the factor of two in the drift speed ratio, but were unclear as to whether it was 2:1 or 1:2. Candidates are encouraged to think if their answer makes sense given the context of the question; it is likely that common sense would help candidates in this instance. Practice manipulating ratios to compare changing variables is a useful skill, and this question could be put to good use in this regard.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two wires, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>X</mtext></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>Y</mtext></math>, are made of the same material and have equal length. The diameter of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>X</mtext></math> is twice that of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>Y</mtext></math>.</p>
<p>What is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>resistance of X</mtext><mtext>resistance of Y</mtext></mfrac></math>?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>