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<h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Water is draining from a vertical tube that was initially full. A vibrating tuning fork is held near the&nbsp;top of the tube. For two positions of the water surface only, the sound is at its maximum loudness.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>The distance between the two positions of maximum loudness is <em>x</em>.</p>
<p>What is the wavelength of the sound emitted by the tuning fork?</p>
<p>A. &nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{x}{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>x</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. &nbsp;<em>x</em></p>
<p>C. &nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{3x}}{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>3</mn>
      <mi>x</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. &nbsp;2<em>x</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Light is incident at the boundary between air and diamond. The speed of light in diamond is less than the speed of light in air. The angle of incidence<em> i</em> of the light is greater than the critical angle. Which diagram is correct for this situation?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A standing wave is formed on a string. P and Q are adjacent antinodes on the wave. Three statements are made by a student:</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">I.   The distance between P and Q is half a wavelength.<br>II.  P and Q have a phase difference of π rad.<br>III. Energy is transferred between P and Q.</p>
<p>Which statements are correct?</p>
<p>A.  I and II only</p>
<p>B.  I and III only</p>
<p>C.  II and III only</p>
<p>D.  I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was generally well answered by HL candidates. Given the number of candidates who (incorrectly) chose statement III "Energy is transferred between P and Q" as true, this question might be a useful review to identify the properties of standing waves.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A point source of light of amplitude <em>A</em><sub>0</sub> gives rise to a particular light intensity when viewed at a distance from the source. When the amplitude is increased and the viewing distance is doubled, the light intensity is doubled. What is the new amplitude of the source? </p>
<p>A. 2<em>A</em><sub>0<br></sub></p>
<p>B. 2<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\sqrt 2 ">
  <msqrt>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </msqrt>
</math></span> <em>A</em><sub>0</sub></p>
<p>C. 4<em>A</em><sub>0</sub></p>
<p>D. 8<em>A</em><sub>0</sub></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows an interference pattern observed on a screen in a double-slit experiment with monochromatic light of wavelength 600 nm. The screen is 1.0 m from the slits.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>What is the separation of the slits?</p>
<p><br>A.  6.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup> m</p>
<p>B.  6.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> m</p>
<p>C.  6.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m</p>
<p>D.  6.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In two different experiments, white light is passed through a single slit and then is either refracted through a prism or diffracted with a diffraction grating. The prism produces a band of colours from M to N. The diffraction grating produces a first order spectrum P to Q.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>What are the colours observed at M and P?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This has low discrimination and the difficulty index suggests candidates found it hard with the incorrect option C being the most popular. The spreading of colours and formation of a spectrum (or rainbow) is something that is covered during an introductory course in physics and then developed in refraction and diffraction.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A particle undergoes simple harmonic motion. Which quantities of the motion can be simultaneously zero?</p>
<p>A.  Displacement and velocity</p>
<p>B.  Displacement and acceleration</p>
<p>C.  Velocity and acceleration</p>
<p>D.  Displacement, velocity and acceleration</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A metal rod of length 45 cm is clamped at its mid point. The speed of sound in the metal rod is 1500 m s<sup>−1</sup> and the speed of sound in air is 300 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The metal rod vibrates at its first harmonic. What is the wavelength in air of the sound wave produced by the metal rod?</p>
<p>A. 4.5 cm</p>
<p>B. 9.0 cm</p>
<p>C. 18 cm</p>
<p>D. 90 cm</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>X and Y are two coherent sources of waves. The phase difference between X and Y is zero. The intensity at P due to X and Y separately is<em> I</em>. The wavelength of each wave is 0.20 m.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the resultant intensity at P?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   0</p>
<p>B.   <em>I</em></p>
<p>C.   2<em>I</em></p>
<p>D.   4<em>I</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows a second harmonic standing wave on a string fixed at both ends.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the phase difference, in rad, between the particle at X and the particle at Y?</p>
<p>A. 0</p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{\pi }{4}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>π</mi>
    <mn>4</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{\pi }{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>π</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{3\pi }}{4}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>3</mn>
      <mi>π</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mn>4</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Monochromatic light of wavelength <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi></math></em> is incident on two slits S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>. An interference pattern is observed on the screen.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZgAAAFbCAYAAADoR5hPAAAgAElEQVR4nO3de1iUdeL38U9Tl49yzfKYeSVp6SBMrKLS8tMKdZXS3Mxf4mm3VUlxMzV1FfLUAULDDuYBNSs1S0jUX1YIteUKWqOPx7RJ87Q4Q6A9Gu3jui2/uaDHZxuePwBFBQLly2F8v66rP2JuvnxnwPs992Hu+6aSkpISAQBQx25p6AngxhBsC5QkufPzGngmQM2V/93+Ev6uK0dgAKAaq9emVPv4hHEx9TSTpsfS0BMAAPgmAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAFAfPAe0dGCouo1PU47He8WDXnly0jShc4QmZ5zWlY82VQQGAOqD9T80/qVJumvbK3r67a/kqfiY5yutiX1F+/rOUfzg9j6zYvaV5wEAjZxF1vDHlTT918pZ9qrWOH8s/bL3tDJnTdMKTVLKwsFq60NrZR96KgDQ2LVU+PRkLR54ViueXyen5yed/ThZCVvaaupLjyvc6lur5FsaegIAcEOxtNejCXO0tf/zSoh1Stv+pt5L39e08JYNPbM651u5BIAmwNL2EcW/PEDfbXPou4G+ddylIl98TgDQuHkLdGDrPhVJKtqxQwcKLjT0jIwgMABQrwqV894rpcddUt7S1A5ZmvHEKjmvOnW56SMwAFBvvPI4U/X03EO6f+6LGh85QONfmqSQEyuVcOWpyz6AwABAPfEWfKFFz6/UdwPnaO6YUFmrOnXZRxAYAKgP3tP6ZF680jRKyxMfqfB5l5YKf/JFJfQ/qxXPvyGHDx2PITAAYNyPci6L04wtbTX1pSmKDGh2+cPWUD3+4hwNOLVG0+Z9prM+cjiGz8EAgHEtFR73kdxxVS9haTtEbx4fUn9TqgdswQAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjLiloSeAG4M7P6+hpwCgnrEFg0amUC7HB1o6PkLBtsCy/6KUkJIhh6uwoScHoBYIDBqRCzqbkajhk7N088TNOpmfJ3d+ntxHF+mBf36qaVFzlJpDZICmgsCg8Sjco7eey1LQ7Jma0iPg0h+n1a4Hp8/UDPtOLV7nFIkBmgaOwaDR8P6Qr6NFVTxoCdHYzGMaW68zAnA92IJBo2EJelAxA/11ZG6MJiW/r0yHS56GnhSAa8YWDBoPS3tFLXxPv7r7NcUue0afl3+902glTBygnv17y27lPRHQVBAYNC5Wux6Me1vfTC+Q89N9+u7/5enT+OVKil0v+T2shM0LNDbEv6FnCaAGeDuIxskSoPBHhyhqWJxWH8/VoexkjeywU0mz0+XyNvTkANQEgUEj8ZNcKdEK7pwoR+GVBbHIan9YYx77jXR4m/bk/tQgMwRQOwQGjURzBfXqr65FDm13nq96sbD+6hnUvP6mBeCaERg0Ghb7ML06t7MyJz+rpRlOFZRvyHgL5Fw3X7FzizU1cYjs/NUCTQL/VNGI+CskZpmy0obq1oPz1Ltj2aViOg7VynNhmpW9VrHhLSssf0EFjpc0aHyGChpszgCqwllkaGSaKSD8EY0Nf0Rj51ezmLdAzvUrlJCwXjn9k+ttdgBqji0Y1IvyC1fWqduGadUH09Tyl5cE0AAIDJomS4DCHwlXwM0NPREAVSEwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgrPI0KTdEh6ng2saehYAKsMWDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjuOGYpDNnzqioqEiS5Ofnp3bt2jXwjACg6bshA3P+/Hk5nU5tTk/X1s+2VLrMH0ePUuQDD6hXr15q0aJFPc8QAJq+GyowxcXFSv/oIyXGJ0iSetx3r+bNT1LHoCC1bt1aknTq1Cm5XW7tcHyh/1q/Qe1tHTQ9NlZRQ4Y05NQBoMm5YQJz5swZzXz6aR3Y/6X+OHqUxsbEyG63X7Wc3W5X//79NempSXK5XEpNSdGM2DhlZWUpaf58tWrVqgFmDwBNzw0RmDNnzujx0aMlSR9lZigsLKxG32e32zX/pZcU+cADmjT+SZ04flzr1q/nGA0A1IDPn0VWMS7r1q+vcVwq6t+/v3bs3iVJmvn00youLq7TOQKAL/L5wLz80kuSdN1bHu3atVPysmU6sP9LrXj99bqaHgD4LJ8OzLZt27T1sy16Lj6+TnZrhYWFad78JK168y25XK46mCEA+C6fDsw7b7+tHvfdq/79+9fZmMOGD1d7WwelpqTU2ZgAbiReeVw7lZkSr0G2QAXbAhVsC9Wg+Hf1F2eBvA09vTrks4E5fPiwDuz/UtNiY+t03BYtWmh6bKz+a/0GnT9/vk7HBuDrLqjA8Yoee2iOPv1nXy09mit3fp7c325XUvd/6ePofno0cbsKfKQyPhuYo0eOSJLuueeeOh+7e48ekiSn01nnYwPwVV55nKv0RMxf1GHp+1oZ95Ds1rJVsCVA4UOma0naJCk1Xi9+fNontmR8NjAnTpzQH0ePMvIp/Hbt2qm9rYO+JjAAauy8DqZ/qJywiYob3L6Sla9F1vCRmhXdTFnPvaOdhU0/MT4bmD27d+vOO+8yNn7PXr30r3/9y9j4AHxM4VFtTz8tv642talyzdtK4f0j5Vfk0HZn098F77OBOZ1/SnfcEdDQ0wAASZL3h3wdLfJTUPAdsv7i0ud0NP8fTX43mc8GRpI8Hk9DTwEAblg+G5jfPTJQJ06cMDZ+rtttbGwAvsfSxqYufkXKdX+vX37r21pdbLc1+RV0U59/lWw2m/bs3m1k7OLiYh3Y/6V6lJ1NBgC/yL+L+g1rr6Ij+fqhyn1f5+Xc5lCRX6T6hTf9C+v6bGB6//a3Op1/SocPH67zsQ8dOiRJ6hwaWudjA/BVrdR92AiFHF6l5EpPQ/bK49yohWkXNODlJ9THv+mvnpv+M6hC+edfsrZurfOxly9dqh733Vvp5f4BoHIWWcMn6p2U/9Sp2Mc0KTlbLk9ZZrwFcmYs09PRK6Wx8/VCpacxNz2+8Bwq1aJFC82cM6fOrxu2d+/e0nvKjBxZZ2MCuFE0U0Dk8/pk3xsafOsOxXYJKr1UTMd+Sjj4PzU4bbs+mddPAT6yZr6ppKSkpKEnYUpxcbEGDRyoNm3a6N2UlOv+0OX58+c1YtiwOhvvRhJsC5QkufPzGngmQM0F2wK1em311x2cMC6Gv+sq+EgnK9eiRYuLl9ifOWPGdd3Hpbi4WAnx8Tqdf0qLliwhLgDwC3w6MFLpJfYXL03W1s+2XHNkzpw5o5kzZmjrZ1u0buMG7mgJADXg84GRpKghQ7Ru4wZt/WyLBg0cqL1799bo+4qLi5WZkaHHR48uvV3yxg2KiIgwPFsA8A03RGAkKSIiQluys9SmTRs9PnKURj72mNanpcnlcl22VVNcXKzDhw9rfVqaBg0cqBmxcerZq5fWrV9PXACgFm5p6AnUJ7vdro3vv6+9e/cqbd06JcYnVLv8xMlPqfdvf0tYAOAa3FCBKRcREaGIiAidP39e3333nfLzLj8DpHNoqO68804O5APAdbghA1OuVatWatWqlcLCwhp6KgDgc26YYzAAgPpFYAAARhAYAIARBAYAYASBAQAYcYMH5ie5UqIV3DlRjsImevdrj0ufJy9Qmuunsi/4wHMC4BNu8MA0dV4VHkxT7LIj+vni15rLHpMm9/F5ivSBGxYBaLpYAwEAjKh9YAodSugcqqHJ6cpOflLdbIEKtoVqUPwGOQvOybX9dU3oHKhgW6C6jV+pgwUXKnyzVx6XQ6nxUaU32bGFalB8ihyuwouPFzoS1c0WrbWOnUq7uFyEJlS8+1uNxipfrEDOdfEaZCuf0+v6/MpldFaHti67OO/gzk9q6XaXPJfNKUoJ7y4qW6avEhznavF8RmppRoaWjo8oWy5KCesOqKDQpc8vvoYRmrB8rwq8V8w9I/nSvC4b36tCxzz1jnlPRdqtpIc6qVu8Q4WV7iK7oALnBiUMDK3k+QGAGde4BVOkI8tStTNwpvbk5+nkvuXq8dVL+sP9j2rhse568Wie3Ef/ohlK1Z/mfaazXknyypOzQU9HPavdtz+jXd/myf3tds27fbemPTROS50/Vhh/t15asF2/GrtO7vw8ndw3X22z5ij27a8urvRrNJb3tDKnDNUfNtysCdmH5c4/rA96H1dsVKIyz1YIX9EeZR8O1Kwvc+XOz9GuN23KfuIZrblsTt8oc0+AZnyZq5P71mpc95a1eD77tGLV1wqcs7V0/JR75Uz4g3rf/5qO9U7SofxcHdo6RVr5tF68eK/uH+VcNkUxf2mhCZ/nyJ2fJ/e32Zp182aNn5Yqp0fyj0zUrpQx8lMvJWSf0DfzI+V/1e/qgs5mzNGAYe9LE9NLf9bmvjr+5zGanVHZfcEBoG5c8y4yv+g4zRoSIqskS0CYIv+jtRQ2UbOmRpTe7tMapJ69g1S042ud9HglndfBdW9rX985mlu+jCVA3ae9ouXR57RiXoZcF9d27TVyzp8VZS9dXZaO/yvlOI7pe69qPJY393OlbGlWYSx/hQx7TFHKUkpW3qWVq98IzZo9WHarRVIzBfQZoT+E5WnHNz9UWAG3V1T0wwqxWmQJ6KiO1h+v8fk0U0B4L4X7+anr7Jma0iNAFllktfdQL3uhdh38tjSihYe0+e1ziooeoe4Bzcp+W23VJ3qoup7YryPfV9wyrIY3T9lrs6SLvy+LrCEPa9SwZspa+7lyKQwAQ+rvWmSFR7U9/ZyCZne64n7TVrULvktKz9MZj1dtKv3my5exqyZjFUm7t+mI7tKQdtZLi/hHKun4sbL/+UlV+7/KdX8vj+wGnk8N+Ecq6fgOyeOSI2OX/iVJPx7U6rnrlaNeGlLDYby5e5VxWAoaeocuvQqtFTl/h9zXOjcAqIFr3ILxU1BwxRXWL/P+kK+jRdUsUJSrUz/U7F15XY51rWo3h7sU3K42r5YkFSon5Sl16zJA41cd1I+S1HKAlqQnqKu+k/sMR1AANG71tgVjaWNTFz/paFUL+AWpQ5tm0pk6HMugunw+lfG60vXM3EPqvXSHVgxpX/ZOwKtCx3blSupybcMCQL2pv9OU/buo37DWyt1/4vIzpeTRGfd3kj1Q7aw1nE6NxvJTUK/+V7/b9+YoNSpUwVEpFY6RNPDzuYpXnjN5ylWQ7gu9vcIv6d/y/HjlGXDVswRFaEiYynb3lSs708wWrVRXdbsJAeDa1ePnYFqp++NP6v4dCzR3RfnpuIXKSUnQtLTWmpo4RPYaz6ZmY1mCBmj62JbauGCVHAUXJF1Qwc4Ptenwr2v580w/nytZ5B/+gKL8vtamtN1lY19QwYF3Nfe5DBVVWM7aLlBBkiSvijxFV58VZgnU7+JG6a60ZC1xnJVXkrdgt9a/f1wh06druL35tU4SAKpVj4GxyBoySksyX1Gvv7+q3h1LP/vxtPs+Lc9eq9jwlnU/lqWtIhNXadOoYi28P0TBthD1XlCskelvaFqtfp7p51MJ/56akva8wr+cVjZ2X72w6zaNSl2skX4VZhE0QNPH/reSHgpVt9GbKjkrrJkCImfpnfTH9POCh3S3LVB3379cP49apXem96jVcTQAqI2bSkpKShp6EvB9wbZASZI7P+8XlgQaj2BboFavTal2mQnjYvi7rgKXigEAGEFgAABGEBgAgBH190l+3NDYRw3ceNiCAQAYQWDQyBTK5figwq0Nym5vkJJx9a0YADRqBAaNyAWdzUjU8MlZunniZp3Mzyu9TcHRRXrgn59qWtQcpeYQGaCpIDBoPAr36K3nshR08TYGZax2PTh9pmbYd2rxOqdIDNA0EJhrVihXRmLZnTJDNTQl5+rLtHhzlBoVfvExrytFQy/eDbOGyq6dVnq3ymp4XPo8eYHSmvC1xaq9QrUlRGMzj1VxUzUAjRGBuUZeV7pmx2apw9IdOpl/TJtjQn7xxbTYY7Q5f4eSIlvX9WxUeDBNscuO6Oc6Hrk+WYIeVMxAfx2ZG6NJye8r08FtnYGmjNOUr0sz3dbSj0rXFUt7RS18T7+6+zXFLntGn5d/vdNoJUwcoJ79e5fddRRAU3AN/1q98rgcSo2PunSWz8B4pV75btPjkiMlvmwXUiXLFDqU0Dnwil0/XhU6EtXt4m6kc3LE91XwwHitTX5S3WyBCu6cKEdh6c4ob8EBpV2cR4QmJGfL5amwo8pbIOe6auZQpUK5HClKGBha4SwmR9nYpZe6v/uheTqi09oY0+OyOVX7yl21i8wrjyv70hlTnZ/U0vR3lTCwkl1iBV8rq/w1sAWq2/jX9bmrsOw1m6feMe+pSLuV9FCnX96d1phZ7Xow7m198+1ebXo9WYuXTNODp9YrKXasBt47hYP8QBNS+8B4vtKaaYnaHfyyDuXnyZ2fo11zWmhTzDx9VL7/33NMqbFjNG3XnZq3L6d0mRfv1O7JQ/RY8oHa7/Y4sV17b43Vnvwc7cp8Qt39LfKezdDUB2O0UeO05Wiu3EfXqNexFzR81sc665XkPa3MKUMVs6N8Drk6tPTX2j15jGZnnL76eMlFhcpJmaPhk3fr9he362R+nk7ue0a373pWA3//hpyeZrLHpOlkdqK6qr1GphyQ+/g8RfrX/qX0nv1Ys6Ne0PHea0pfyy9jdetnb2vjiasPRBRtc+hw4Eztyc+T+9vdWt5umyZMS5XTI/lHJmpXyhj5qZcSsk/4xnEKS4DCHx2iqGFxWn08V4eykzWyw04lzU6/vvv4AKg3tV4rer8/ph0n7lKvXkFll3pvpoDI5/VpfprG2pur9HjAJi3ec7+SXvyTugc0K12mxwQtenOEvlu27FKIaspvgEYN6ySrminA3l5W/aTcrA+VpRGaNXtw6W4TaycNjR4gbflQ2blFKtz5jhK2BGnGnJiyOZReXn/RmwO067l3tLOqLY5Cp9JeO6TeLydcPJPJEhChPy95RSNPrVTSh65q4lQb57TzzWTt6jtHc8eElr6W1lCNXfLKZZfjv/gSRMdp1pCQ0uUsbdUneqi6ntivI9+bvTV0/Sm7CVqlW4MWWe0Pa8xjv5EOb9Oe3KZ7IgNwI6l1YCx3hKpvp6+1OPUzHXR8VsmH387Luc2hInuYOgdUvG1x+c2x6uB+8t5T2rP56yvuGmmRf+Q8fZOfprH2otI5XHXr5LI5FDm03Xm+soFV6PxCmUVX3klSkvUOBduvvDPkdSg8qu3p5xR0XycFVPxB1jsUbK+kMJWqg9ey0WheegfSKn83ZcL6q2cQN0kDmoLaH+S39lDsBxm6Z9v/UuaCxWW7c7pp5Nw4jRnRR3a/f+jUkepOwz2no/n/kDf8mudcc0XvaXy39yp5oH0V97S/oB/yc1XVmbKSVHQkXz94xY26DLDYh+nVufv1+8nP6raXn9IfB4eXxtdbIOf6FUqYW6yp6dd7J1IA9eXa/qla7Yoc8iclbTkm97d7tWlppH54bZyGv7pThZbb1KFrdafhtlYX2231c+ZVWKK2fFv2afDL/qvqVOFmamMLUnXbD35dbWrDCs4Qf4XELFNW2lDdenBe2Z08AxXccahWngvTrAp3CvUW7NXrFy8nE6WEjBxOaQYametfVVoCFD7kcY0a1r7s3X0rhfePlJ/rsI4XVDw+4JXnTJ5ydZeC21lruSvoyp/ZQT2H/kZy5elMhbPGSs/SCtXQlP+je6qag/N1DbJFK7XS40AW+Yc/oCi/XO0/9vfLj7V4vpfbJQUF31E3Wy/+XdRvWOurd7l5vpfbVd02VNNUfsbhL2umgPBHNHZ+ZoU3BHu1Ou73irSXn7rwk3L/ulp/DV2uQ/m5OpTeX87nNuhgDc7kA1B/an+Q35WioZe9Y/TK49ql7V9JA8Y9qCCLRf7d/6AZPfcp4YV3dbDgQukyORs0c/KHumv6dA23N78YiaL097U5p7BsnI+1cMGH1e6iKtVcQQ+PU3SHT7Rw8Rcq8EryntXOtM060mmSEkaEqGWfJ5TU94o5uD7WgufXSuVzqIx/uKJn36NdzyXpjQMFpZHxHFPq089qY4dJShhhr6Otr9bqMzlOvdOTtbD8tfTkKPO1ZG2sdV/Kj29JkldFnqI6OhGhsWoue8xafRrXQ1ZZZA3uqvD/0dBzAnCl2h/kt4/SW+njdNtfYnSPLVDBtiDdE/WpbpuYrBcGty8d0BqqsUvf0/Le/1uJ94eULhP7N/V6M0Pvx/Uo2wJoLvuIRK1+8t9a/LswBdu66rHUIkXN+bO61mQeAf30wtpVGvnz8tJdKR0f0sKfH9OmtRMVbrVc/NDeZXOI+lS3TVyjd6b3qGYrxF8hMQv00Zu99PcX+uluW6CCuzwnd+9XtOWDKaVj1xFL28F6LXPqpdfy3kXK6ztWU8Nqv2VnCRqg6WP/W0kPharb6E3K9e3CXOI9K8fiNfpH4hPqcw2nigMw56aSkpKShp4EKvDmKHXoVLnjNhq4pEzDKd89Vqc3HvOelWPebG0IfFZLYkI58QJ1LtgWqNVrU6pdZsK4GG6oVwXe8jWY0qsUdBufppzy40jeAh1csUiLLwzW0O6tGnZ6jZpXHleGEoYm6ch/LtJK4gI0SgSmwbRWn6nJSgrdod93Cbp4ttTqnwcppXw3H6pwXgdTk7Xx8F+17PcRpbsxbdOUWfDvhp4YgAq42GUDsgSEKyrubUXFNfRMmprWipy/Q+75DT0PANXhbTIAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMILAAACMIDAAACMIDADACAIDADCCwAAAjCAwAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAQL0plMuRooSBoQq2BSrYFqpB8SlyuAovW8pbcEBp8VFly0RoQnK2XB6vJK8KHYnqZotSwruLNKFzoIJtfZXgOFfJ91U+tnRBBc4NFeYQpYQUR9n4knROjvi+Co5aKceBCst1flJLt7vkqcWzJTAAUC+88jhTFTt5v4KX7pU7P0/ub7M16+bNGj8zXa6y9bv3bIamPhijjRqnLUdz5T66Rr2OvaDhsz7W2fIG6Btl7gnQjC9zdXLfWo3r3qrs+6Zp5+3PaNe3eXLn79WS4P2aFpWozLMXyr7vgs5mzNGA6C90+4vbdTI/T+6jLyt417NXjC/p8OtamOmnMR8ckTs/R7vetCn7iWe0xvljjZ8xgQGAenFB33+zXzn2+9TT7l/6JUtbRc7LlDszRnaLJP2k3KwPlaURmjV7sOxWi2TtpKHRA6QtHyo796eysdorKvphhVgtsgR0VEfree18M1lZ9omaNTVCARZJ8ldITJKWD3Mq4c09KpSkwj1667ksBc2eqSk9AkoDYA3V2CWvKGpHst7aee7SdP0qzEHNFBDeS+F+f9OOb35QxQ5Vh8AAQL1opju63aeQw2v13se75cjYWWG3VBnvKe3Z/LVkD1Q7a/nq2SL/yHn6Jj9NY+3NKx+68Ki2p5+WX1eb2ly2VreqXfBdKkr/Qs7Cf6vQ+YUyi1qri+22y1f+1jsUbD+nzG1HdeUOtcuXkXLd39d4N9ktNVwOAHBdLLKGT9H72WHavnuLFs5drxxJ6jRaCXPGanikXdbr/AlFaeMUnlbJA35BFf7ntDbG9NDGyhbrep0TuAKBAYB6Y5HV3kdR9j6Kipkvb4FTn2x8Swkx4+VO+UhJfa5nbD91nZuuj2JCqtg15S3bOumlhOw1VW8N6VwVX689dpEBQAOxBIQr6onRivI7p6P5/5DX0kE9h/5GcuXpTIXdZ15XiobaQjU0Jafy4x/+XdRvWGvl7j+hgssW+FHO5OEKjkqRy2uRf/gDivLL1f5jf798HM8BLR0YXvX41/r86nAsAECVfpIrJVrBAxOVefHU4UK5Pv9CTg1QzIBAWdRcQQ+PU3SHT7Rw8RelsfCe1c60zTrSaZISRtirWGm3Vp/Jceq9Y4HmrthbFplCuTKSlbBMmpo4pPQkAv+eeurl+7XruSS9caCgNCaeHGW+Ol8rNK6a8a8Nu8gAoF40l33MIm1quVEro8I0o6j0q379pykp7Sk92raZJMkS0E8vrF2lDSvmq3fH8ZL8FBL9vDatHaFwq6XKg/CWtoP1WmZLfZT6qnp3/ObS2Olv6NHwlmVLNVPbIfP0Uct0vfdCP919okhSgB6cPkeb1j6icI71vXQAAAFmSURBVGvdbnPcVFJSUlKnIwKVCLYFSpLc+XkNPBOg5oJtgVq9NqXaZSaMi+HvugrsIgMAGEFgAABGEBgAgBEEBgBgBIEBABhBYAAARhAYAIARBAYAYASBAQAYQWAAAEYQGACAEQQGAGAEgQEAGEFgAABGEBgAgBEEBgBgBIEBABhBYAAARhAYAIARBAYAYASBAQAYQWAAAEYQGACAEQQGAGAEgQEAGEFgAABGEBgAgBEEBgBgBIEBABhBYAAARhAYAIARBAYAYASBAQAYQWAAAEYQGACAEQQGAGAEgQEAGEFgAABGEBgAgBEEBgBgBIEBABhBYAAARhAYAIARBAYAYASBAQAYQWAAAEYQGACAEQQGAGAEgQEAGEFgAABGEBgAgBEEBgBgxC0NPQEAaMwmjItp6Ck0WTeVlJSUNPQkAAC+h11kAAAjCAwAwAgCAwAwgsAAAIwgMAAAIwgMAMAIAgMAMOL/A3jhLBNRc8ARAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
<p>O is equidistant from S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>. A bright fringe is observed at O and a dark fringe at X.</p>
<p>There are two dark fringes between O and X. What is the path difference between the light arriving at X from the two slits?</p>
<p>A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>5</mn><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>7</mn><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>With a relatively high discrimination index, this question was well answered by stronger HL candidates. Some students had difficulty recognising that there would be 2.5λ rather than 1.5λ, and as a result option B was a significant distractor.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A travelling wave of period 5.0 ms travels along a stretched string at a speed of 40 m s<sup>–1</sup>.&nbsp;Two points on the string are 0.050 m apart.</p>
<p>What is the phase difference between the two points?</p>
<p>A. &nbsp;0</p>
<p>B.&nbsp; <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{\pi }{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>π</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C.&nbsp; <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\pi ">
  <mi>π</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. &nbsp;2<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\pi ">
  <mi>π</mi>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">In an experiment to determine the speed of sound in air, a tube that is open at the top is filled with water and a vibrating tuning fork is held over the tube as the water is released through a valve.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">An increase in intensity in the sound is heard for the first time when the air column length is <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
  <mi>x</mi>
</math></span>. The next increase is heard when the air column length is <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y">
  <mi>y</mi>
</math></span>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Which expressions are approximately correct for the wavelength of the sound?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;padding-left:30px;">I. 4<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
  <mi>x</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;padding-left:30px;">II. 4<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="y">
  <mi>y</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;padding-left:30px;">III.&nbsp;<span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{4y}}{3}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>4</mn>
      <mi>y</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mn>3</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. I and II</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. I and III</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. II and III</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The question was well answered by students.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Properties of waves are</p>
<p>I.    polarization<br>II.   diffraction<br>III.  refraction</p>
<p>Which of these properties apply to sound waves?</p>
<p>A.  I and II<br>B.  I and III<br>C.  II and III<br>D.  I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Monochromatic light of wavelength <em>λ</em> is incident on a double slit. The resulting interference pattern is observed on a screen a distance <em>y</em> from the slits. The distance between consecutive fringes in the pattern is 55 mm when the slit separation is <em>a</em>.</p>
<p><em>λ, y</em> and <em>a</em> are all doubled. What is the new distance between consecutive fringes?</p>
<p>A. 55 mm</p>
<p>B. 110 mm</p>
<p>C. 220 mm</p>
<p>D. 440 mm</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>L is a point source of light. The intensity of the light at a distance 2<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
  <mi>x</mi>
</math></span> from L is <em>I</em>. What is the intensity at a distance 3<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
  <mi>x</mi>
</math></span> from L?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{4}{9}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>4</mn>
    <mn>9</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span><em>I</em></p>
<p>B.   <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{2}{3}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>2</mn>
    <mn>3</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span><em>I</em></p>
<p>C.   <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{3}{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>3</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span><em>I</em></p>
<p>D.   <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{9}{4}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>9</mn>
    <mn>4</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span><em>I</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation with position <em>s</em> of the displacement <em>x</em> of a wave undergoing simple harmonic motion (SHM).</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the magnitude of the velocity at the displacements X, Y and Z?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Wavefronts travel from air to medium Q as shown.</p>
<p><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="368" height="162"></p>
<p>What is the refractive index of Q?</p>
<p>A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>45</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>45</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>45</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>60</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>60</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mn>45</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This has a negative discrimination index and the majority of candidates chose option C which would be correct if we were considering rays but the question asks about wavefronts. It must be stressed that it is important to read the question carefully and not skim over the introductory stem. In this type of question&nbsp;students are advised to draw the rays on the diagram perpendicular to the wavefronts to make it easier to work out which angles to use.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">A glass block of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a tank filled with a liquid of higher refractive index. Light is incident on the base of the glass block. Which is the correct diagram for rays incident on the glass block at an angle greater than the critical angle?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Response D was the most common response, with response A providing a significant distractor for roughly a third of candidates unsure about refraction beyond the critical angle.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The graph shows the variation with time for the displacement of a particle in a travelling wave.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What are the frequency and amplitude for the oscillation of the particle?</span></span></p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A pipe of length 0.6 m is filled with a gas and closed at one end. The speed of sound in the gas is 300 m s<sup>–1</sup>. What are the frequencies of the first two harmonics in the tube?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A.  125 Hz and 250 Hz<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B.  125 Hz and 375 Hz<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C.  250 Hz and 500 Hz<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D.  250 Hz and 750 Hz</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A third-harmonic standing wave of wavelength 0.80 m is set up on a string fixed at both ends. Two points on the wave are separated by a distance of 0.60 m. What is a possible phase difference between the two points on the wave?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A.&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{\pi }{4}{\text{rad}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>π</mi>
    <mn>4</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>rad</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B.&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{\pi }{2}{\text{rad}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>π</mi>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>rad</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C.&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\pi {\text{rad}}">
  <mi>π</mi>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>rad</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D.&nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{3\pi }}{2}{\text{rad}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>3</mn>
      <mi>π</mi>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>rad</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question had a low discrimination index with response D the most popular and an even spread between the other 3 answers. A third-harmonic standing wave of wavelength 0.8m must be on a string of length 1.2m giving 3 loops of 0.4m each. Depending on where the initial point is chosen, two points separated by 0.6m will either be in adjacent loops e.g. at 0.1m and 0.7 m with a phase difference of π or in the two end loops e.g at 0.3 m and 0.9m with a phase difference of 0. So for a standing wave there are only two possible answers, π (response C) or 0 (not included in these responses).</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which graph shows the variation of amplitude with intensity for a wave?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A string stretched between two fixed points sounds its second harmonic at frequency <em>f</em>.</p>
<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_18.33.18.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/13"></p>
<p>Which expression, where <em>n </em>is an integer, gives the frequencies of harmonics that have a node at&nbsp;the centre of the string?</p>
<p>A.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{n + 1}}{2}f">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mi>n</mi>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
  <mi>f</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p>B.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<em>nf</em></p>
<p>C.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2<em>nf</em></p>
<p>D.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(2<em>n</em> + 1)<em>f</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which diagram shows the shape of the wavefront as a result of the diffraction of plane waves by an object?</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ray of light passes from the air into a long glass plate of refractive index <em>n </em>at an angle <em>θ </em>to the edge of the plate.</p>
<p>                               <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_10.40.22.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/13_01"></p>
<p>The ray is incident on the internal surface of the glass plate and the refracted ray travels along the external surface of the plate.</p>
<p>What change to <em>n </em>and what change to <em>θ </em>will cause the ray to travel entirely within the plate after incidence?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_10.41.08.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/13_02"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>