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<h2>SL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Two pulses are travelling towards each other.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is a possible pulse shape when the pulses overlap?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two objects <em>m</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>m</em><sub>2</sub> approach each other along a straight line with speeds <em>v</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>v</em><sub>2</sub> as shown. The objects collide and stick together.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>What is the total change of linear momentum of the objects as a result of the collision? </p>
<p>A. <em>m</em><sub>1</sub><em>v</em><sub>1</sub> + <em>m</em><sub>2</sub><em>v</em><sub>2<br></sub>B. <em>m</em><sub>1</sub><em>v</em><sub>1</sub> – <em>m</em><sub>2</sub><em>v</em><sub>2</sub> <br>C. <em>m</em><sub>2</sub><em>v</em><sub>2</sub> – <em>m</em><sub>1</sub><em>v</em><sub>1</sub> <br>D. zero</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An object of mass <em>m</em> makes <em>n</em> revolutions per second around a circle of radius <em>r</em> at a constant speed. What is the kinetic energy of the object?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. 0<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math><br></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A projectile is fired at an angle to the horizontal. Air resistance is negligible. The path of the projectile is shown.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Which gives the magnitude of the horizontal component and the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity of the projectile between O and P?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img 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rcH/JqRsmgLGne+7OOgzOqvxM7GLViUMoB3rIByuUICJKAQ8D9Um+feiZSQD4qjETtzKWrWqde3ePPGb1D3+ssoFqFIvkmFoxGb/yz2vrnKqzmKXuzd8Dhu8geJf2vwhsRcrFqlapIZV6MHZxHKxkrsfHEJcoPKDtZeyFpVh50rfOolP1RHJf8MG/buRGWRPP4j263o9Aso9E4kClmZqClYVLsXOzet8GsvRBjWTjTWPskH6pDQ9Lnxe5IkSXo0XfxnuIiN42ekERAvdJ+JTPFeOfNDqK5/AfmxowF3AypmzkJZ0xjkV+8bhv9UNNLaeWTWl7o2Mtsd4oXu1yt/bGGeXY36l/IRa/DA3bwOMzNXogn3o/rY+mH4T0UjtL1HULXDaRp7PkfQSTA8qnoZkjPuVXoJfcPzJphis1EmhmbMd2HmlF4vcRoeVWctSIAEhieBUdci41ERRiNGnL3D8+K1a7LjKV57eRemjGew4/Bs/JFZKzqfI7PddVxrA6JSHseWumrNcLOojhjOqsTOvc8qPaE6riFNJwESGGkEzEj5xUuoq9YONwsGypDz3sqZiOXdeqSdFMO6vhx2H9bNy8qRAAnoiUC4ISo91YG2kgAJkIBKIJym8VlKJcRfEiABEiABEiABEiCBQSdA53PQEbMAEiABEiABEiABEiABlQCdT5UEf0mABEiABEiABEiABAadAJ3PQUfMAkiABEiABEiABEiABFQCdD5VEvwlARIgARIgARIgARIYdAJ0PsMh7rDBYjLBZCqCreN8uFQDs/1SltWnxd1w2F9HRdFGNF9Qlc+jw1YEMavNZLGho88yuHNgCXjgdhzAGxWlWNvsHqCsu+HYtxaWeHH+i+8cWB1nByjvUNkM9vkTJn+3A/Y3KlC0thkXdLqHqgK3XSSBUJrzOWyWZJhMybDYPr/IfMMdFuZcCJec2weQwCBolduBfRUWxMs6ZYIp1wqHZwBN7pXVYJ6borAw5+cw1Co6n71OrpG74Xzzy7g3bz7K6s6MXAh6q/n5v+LFe2dgXlnjwDlQ3c2wzlup+b/mkzh1eri5Z240v1iEvHllqBtuVdPROUzN0VFjfVtTB1yrPOhu3Ix5ZTY4Vds+PYXTg+p8qgVdyt/hqVX8y4RLeQ6FKysmH9WufFSH28/tJHApCfzdiU5ZzaejsnEzCpOC/uD5UtoyIGWNQkx+FVz5VQOSGzMZbALXIL+6BfkUxMEGrfP8Pfi785TieKZXovGtQiTpvjtt5GiV7pvqklw9ng40by5Flty1n4vSzQ3oCHi6UocTNN3/WaWw2h3wD4T6u9OTn3sDe5blKkOaYpigPWiIX/zPb7I65Bn8qw0DiKRczTDBG4fQbKvwDafGWzaioeOcr6v/iswydAqgnWXIvMKE5Ap1ODJ4GNaEeEsFbM0dCMAQSWMIlhobTKabYKnYA4dbm1Mk9RL/8Z4lM0yu2IejvmHieGSV2uBwn4fbsQcVlpsUzlml2Oyz198WJssrsPuONcEUkE6tkHdoUM3LJMqwwu7oVhMAmtCJN5oPweYbCroJlrXvBZ0vIj8rSrPivcPauSi12jUMtPZtQ3OzzV+PeAvWNni5izKvUP4PGmhCWWYsTMkVfYRM9MfVW+5EC2xyzd5GSdr4EKEUHnTblylDXfHLYO/WtF23HaXycP0UlNpPKnzEkJFVvX4UxoHXhh9j4FJ/9qqpz6FDy8gkzs+12OdrHy1PERYirokUZJY1yRl0lmXiClMWnrNWIDdkmMFZOKxz5LaKL7VD0+qqAcPs9yTspVNC1DdUu4s2ssNa6tWzvq6N5Gdg2/OMV0dnYPHinyK05mg0SzvsHpF2jHCt8g7P+kNmgrUFw0SrxDlyPSZaXlOuvfoSpEWHCtMIdc56L9cB1aoI7hFysdQqn1hKOv0YjcbBtfxEjVRgNEpGY6ZUUJApifL83zhp+qZjUo9sQY90+li1VBCn3a8ux0mZaz6QTsvp/imdqHlMk4eSJm5xneTylfWYVHPin5L0zyZpTZKaR/CvN40UabmfSTUFSb3K9dVl+iappSe0bUlrmqR/Sv+QvqgpluIC6u+1Ka5YqvniH5IkaY4vqJFOhG2ZLqlpzb0hbYl7pEb6QgYaab1OS01rgttFZRUnZS5c2LtN4pZKdS5RiMbeUPUy3iutaery1sIlHdv0SOj6a9P52lC1QfurPV/C84wrqJaOnY7EvtnSppZvJClUmUlrpKZ/hmqASLiG4RKqTXuOSZumx0lGY5q0uO4rb4E9kqtuqcIqs1JqEnXp+V+p5pHJIdp8slSw6cPe14avrEjsFcX2SKebKqXMUO0Y9vwMdU1kSmuaPpXqFqdJRqO2vUQRoeoaivG33zbouhahiT0tm6TpgqnvmhEHfuXjo+pazxc10iOhtC/uEWnTMZdSWqjzNG6htOnlR3qdF4rmqO2TJBXUfOa1OBLtCH9tGcOeC+GARFJepOfoJdKq0x9KmwpCXWtGyahej6K6odrDd/1oz/3wPL97rVLPEa3Oas8XTbuGvH4vVqvUcrVlRXiPGGZapSHc52I4TUOfRw3hneEqNGAm+y7QOClzcY3UIt9Iv5Dqlk5XBFO9SfpObKPkvyD/IZ2oW+W9IaqOjPbG7t92+rTWiVAdS20ttHnFSZlL90onhH8ScbnqxSIEaKlU0yJuCFpR8Zf5z6Y1UpIQIa0D4ytHtVmS/DccccMWrrWmbioXbRW8y74bmnG6tLTuC9l57zmxV1qaqXFifOX1x1Mj6L4bnfaGoTo3WuckhL0BthyUKr3iLT8UCMzqTdio5ic2as4DVdRDni8ax0vl4qqTFoubtc9mSZJ8Nw3VkdPwNE6XFtcck500P3eN8PkeVNS6hQAvNkXMVXtz8p8bvXP9RmrZNFu+FlRWWudEeTjzC7z/2tDcsH2Ojaa+KqdI7fWl014b/vZRbAuRv+Q/fxSHR4bkd57lhzKl1r5zQLOtN4+B2TLouhapmT6u6jkpSZJ67hq9Dz8+Z1RzbUj+G7HvvNBeG96H8Z7Tp6W/C+UIpTmSqln+89zXBgHXazjtGIla5b8etdri11dNR4i2PXz3Nj1qVajrOtQJ7mfjOyd9567qbEeqVX2dm5rrINQ9wndNDQ+tCkU61LZwmsZhd18fcLiFW/FAYS6SogyAIQYpd/47zJqkntb3sKNeBMhNx8qlc5As0mE0YjIex/KiZAAH8Fv7J4GTQdLzMONmkcsoREX1FU/ngbt5Ix7MewFigNCc/ww2LslEjAG48HLNSH/gIcxMMsr2xd6aiQxNPcIuGpJRuOs4XF0vIaPdDpvtFSx9aAG2yzGBp3GyO9JZ0Ofx5UeNqBcF5c9HcUYsBClDzJ14dv9xuFwNWJ0x7iLqBZjn3o+fJIt6mTE54w5MEGWY70HBTyYhCgZETf4RcuWNIWoZYMtUFBbcI7ev09aMj8+fRevB3YrN6U9iqeUGRIksDLHIWPw0ikQTNv037C3aCVra8yUWt949NaDQ8x83KxN5nNtRMuUaZdg99jaU2NoAtGDb7g8Dh3XTZ6FwZrJcriE2FXdnhKtIQDG9Vi78fOmVRdCGMUi8PQfpAJzb9qFZDL13f4jd21oA3IpZt8fDgDP4uPmQHJPltD2JKbHRMJmiETvlSS+DvdjdfCooX2U1Ynu/PIp35OvvbhQX/7/ytSG3z7O74HK5cHx1BsSZEdnHAGPKnZgr2rV+Nw62inPbib/+cSfqYUb6rNuQOFIU0xCP22fdqjknPehu3odt4rpPz8HtiWOA88fRbBPt3QZbyW2IlUMWrsGUku1Km6vnhQ/+rXhgxv9RzuWoKFzm297fQmTagZGsVeeO4+COQ7IGpq9cBIush0JfM7F4+YMww4mm376DloDJddSqb69VF3CPoFYFXOgjRUoDKn1hK2MRfbk6L8uAy4zR0LqLntOn8KnIcEIaJv9Qu2cMjOMul4vqPPIZvtIUap6cgAkRkPe016LkvpWy44nUVajZ8DOvcwtceLljMD76Mtnhk025Mg43ROTHdKPF+ijioyci82cWWCwLUdUke54ALsc4o7bOmkr2WjyLE584em0N3nDh9QLGjDP2vpGNiYbxsv4hT7ghDlf6jAhu3/M4fUqJW5yQNRk/1GZ3mRHj5Kp/gSOfdflyALTnyyhcGXet4gzLKc7jq88+UeJqNUdoF52dTvxdu2F8NC73lRuNuBuu1u6NePliuPaXuSFpBp4WD1hO4USe9Dkn5tk/RY5wTtCFz4580Uc2LnQ6vwm5P1J7O058gvdD5nCRG403Y9YT0wAcwo6Dx+Hp/it2rD8AmGdgfk6C//q5yOz1c9gYJP3kMfkBS3m4OInm3XvhRAJmz89SnPCvPsMROUg8TK3EZJC/a+KBzYlImDA6TOK+NkemHcAI1iqPG6c+FbqciKzJyoO9QlSjaZ2f4LOvtN4nterba1Xk94jz1KqAi9x3WwvYypWICRguH4sfitSdjTj8qbYX8Cy6T56W8wl0cMI4S0Elejr2YYXaw5i6EDu3PI4UuVdVSXgx5QYVEdGqx/EGFsg9GekoqtyE39cdQ9fXdVgRkeOqLWIMrro2SdnwZVfY12FcqnqplnXuP4xPffdHD850d8HfiqNw+dhxctLAdADOdOOknPBq3BAXrWbXz68BPzCPVXrOJ6xA3dcuuXdO9ND5vtX5iOknl4vZPThcxyIlJxtmucd2D/bIzkky5t7/I8TKyvIvME8wyeZOWFGHr7X1lJdbUJ1/TcjqRGpvzFXXQulbPoWuAXkdlBk3z8hDOpyo3/EumhqU3j7z3PuQFXsxjlPI6uljo/FG5Mz1Plzs2aP0apvvwf1Z1yhO+A/MmCAPA6ViRV27/xz2tXMV8mPUB3cAET4Q9oYTmXaMaK0yRGHsD0VjtGL/4XbNRFCNpk24FnFXatqjN2jNFmqVT5P71KrI7xGjqFWa8wsj6EE+oNoDt2JIvA2z0sVF/zZW/ep1tMizts+hw74R5VViSGoaHs24FpFe8rJl7iOoXrIIG0QPo3k2KjcuQEZM4I1vUMrthcUDd/snOCq2mxNxS84MzEi5Al+++xZ29dXj0SsfsWEUxl+fJg/Ton4HNh/wCqT7CKzyLPJ45FpbgMHgGdIe78b6HbDWtshvJfB0vA/r5rfkIUNzfgquG+UfWkb9Ovyq+ojy9gJPO+zPPY8q0dGQei8ykiMdQNQM63ZuwfpXlfzEg8Yyeea7ZoZ4XzZfxL7BOV8MMKbNxBOpZjirfo554nw3ZyMnZazXQtU5BTrXv4hXW8Q8cXFteGc8B8+U19QrYnvHT8Id8vV3CFs3H/S+VcDbAyaGgS/ipdO+sutfxpJfvwEnkjE358YLGL7XVETXi2ORNut+pKIFVfN+Lp/v5rl3IsXo7bNQnVM0Yf36NxXtE9eG900eA/dmgEi04yi6R7JWjVbDJJyoX1WBavlaAzwddXiufAucMCP10TuQHPGNiFoVmVZdwD2CWhWghuz5DMBxESuG6zC7vASpIjrMF9d2JSbKcZpmpK5YjsdS5O6BiDM/3/I2npNjAEWmmthAOabK+zqJQSjX39ukvmrprxiTlIq7hPnOV2GZdCVMJlG3PwGpouvzQmI+AUPSfShfIYY067EhbxKiRX3UeMfUeXg6NwGGQahX3+DrUWWZIserRU+8GysFd/NDWPvEbbKz4bdZE9cWPQl5G0T06jSseN4S0CPdd1kAjCl4eOVsmDVxctETfyw/aJjzf46H01THrd+clAS+Ho9+XrU0WFyj/g9mPCBiA8XHjNQnZiJNdU4gnNO5WJmfoDmP1WsjAfkr52rSerNQfyK115fOiaYNP8bEaPFqMjXuMB3FT+eEidPU9Fh4X7VUof5DlCEBOfNnyD26TU2dQPpjKJym9ICr5o2MXwOibs7FA7JzL2o8DU/MulnjhI9F2sM/R75Zo33qtWGejZUPp2jShibWW3PU17sFpvdfh+G0IxHGEa1VY5A0eyFWpIrG8N8zVG1Bagmef8xph2sAACAASURBVCxViVkPRBt+jVrlvY/3rVX+c7OfewS1KuBco/MZgONiVgyISnkStY1/xKYV+f7JSKlFqNy5F7WLplzYBR+xCQNfriExF6tWqXUw42r04FzsPXim5jcoEqImPqlFWFf3Jl4tztRMRojUaDNSfvES6qpXyDcs5agE5K+oRt2WUm/v7sDXq0/r8l9EXZ2/fub8VXhz77PI9w2xmpGyaAsad76MFcKJkj9mpBZVYmfjFiy6wAcLwIjkwhewd2elnykEgx3Yq4np7dNm7U5DAnJXLfbzvHoUcNYXR6BJOVhcNU/+8E8o8RUcdQMKN2zHzsoi+QFN3m7Ox4o3t2NDoXcCly+xdiFSe0W6x7GlrlrTPmJy3gpU11lR5p3Yps1ZWR6DxNwnscrXpj+Q33er7BuN2Kz7lIlHI22iUTAo38QjMdFInSipJjIgKvln2LB3JyqLxNQz5aNcQy+g0DvpRd0e6jeU5vjDXrRH9K8dhpGuVVFTsKh2L3Zu0uqrCJfaicbaJy/sIVlGT61CRFoV6T2CWqW9or8npsZrN+hlWfzntIjJ4IcELpyAeOn4E8oLivOrcWyQ4iwv3C4eMTQIeOBu+T2K7xKz8i/tvzxR14bGGTB0rKBWDZ22GIqWfHdaFSmNcJoWcQRIpAUxHQmQAAnok4DmRu+tgLnoMfxE938vqs/WoNUkQALhCOhfqzjsHq5tuZ0ESGCEEdC+GkuEVlRj7/Jp/cYtjjBIrC4JkMB3TkD/WsVh9+/8JKIBJEACJKAQCDdERT4kQAIkoEcC4TSNPZ96bE3aTAIkQAIkQAIkQAI6JUDnU6cNR7NJgARIgARIgARIQI8E6HzqsdVoMwmQAAmQAAmQAAnolACdT502HM0mARIgARIgARIgAT0S0PWEIz0Cp80kQAIkQAIkQAIkMJIIBL+XXdfv+QyuzEhqSNaVBEhg+BEINzN0+NWUNSIBEhgJBMJpGofdR0Lrs44kQAIkQAIkQAIkMEQI0PkcIg1BM0iABEiABEiABEhgJBCg8zkSWpl1JAESIAESIAESIIEhQoDO5xBpCJpBAiRAAiRAAiRAAiOBAJ3PkdDKrCMJkAAJkAAJkAAJDBECdD6HSEPQDBIgARIgARIgARIYCQTofI6EVmYdSYAESIAESIAESGCIEKDzOUQagmaQAAmQAAmQAAmQwEggQOdzJLQy60gCJEACJEACJEACQ4QAnc8h0hA0gwRIgARIgARIgARGAgE6nyOhlVlHEiABEiABEiABEhgiBOh8DpGGoBkkQAIkQAIkQAIkMBII0PkcCa3MOpIACZAACZAACZDAECFA53OINATNIAESIAESIAESIIGRQKBP59PjsCLXZIIpfhns3Z6RwIN1JIHQBNwO7Kv4FTY7zobe/622euB27EHFsm1w8DL7ViR5MAkMZQLKPXUKSu0nh7KZtI0EBp1AH87nWbQe3I2jjy7F0knvYnfzqUE3hgWQwNAk4EF342bMKzuMnkEx8BQarctR9pdvBiV3ZkoCJDA0CBiSCrHL1YDVGeOGhkG0ggS+IwLhnc/u92Fd1Ya599yP/FkxqHr+j+yV+Y4aicWSAAmQAAmQAAmQwHAhEMb59KC7eR+2IRs5KbFIvD0H6fW7cbB1MIYchwtK1mPgCZxDR/MWlGbFwySHf1hQsc8Bt68gMVxth7U0V9lvikdWqRV2R7c3hQfd9mWIN83BK/YD2OxLdxMsFXvgcKtj3MH5mGDKKoXVLsoSeazAjXkb4MTbKEkbj/hSO+QSPB1otlXAEm/6FuWfhL30buRVtQD1JUiL5pCcr3m5QALDjEDgsLu49qfAlLsR9oa+dA6A0JrNpcgSOmgyId6yFvtUneu2ozReaN86VFhuUvZrNUpznF/XNGD71TEAbgfsVn/5JlMuSq12jYb2trF3WX3prMYeLo4MAlLIz1dS3eI0KW5xneQS+3uOSZumJ0nTNx2TekKmv/QbjUbjpS+UJV5CAv+QvqgpluKM06XFNcek01KPdPpYtVQQN1l6pOZ/pR7NekHlQemEODF7TkgfVBZIccZ7pTVNXWKD5KpbKsUZjZIxc6lU0yKfzVLPib3S0swkKXPNB9JpUaPTH0hrMtOkgk0fKuvSP6QTdaukTONsaVPLN5p81HVxUJfUtOZeKa7gN9IHJ/6hcOn5QqpbOl0yZlZKTadlgyIrX1KuN+P0TVLLULnALmFLsyg/Aeqan8VwXOpp2SRNN6ZJi+u+kiT1ujfGSZmLa6QWWTNU7VE1TMjP/0o1j0zWaJhLOrbpESkurliq+eIfkuSqkxbHGSVj3CPSpmMuSer5UmppFb/KcX6NCtZQQTgSHVPTVEvHZBuF1Coa6vMJIimrX50dji3OOoXTNIRCE3iBiBTfSC2bZkvGuKVSnWto3B3DVShUfbhNhwTkB544/wOQXAWtk+Z9QHqkRvoi4JTUplGdT1XsVQ7aNJKknO9ax1JNp/6q+WjSyIIfnG9wXupxwekCy/fdhOh8qsBH7C91bXg3feC91asDwfdVWVvifJ09gcd4+WjTeJ1PX2eRnETVHo1maberZUaiY/12PkVWVv86O7zbfqTWLpymhRh2VyYa1ZvFkPtYb/fvGGXo3bmXE49GRof4d15LT+t72FEPTEq6ClE+a8YhY3UDXLsKkeT+ELu3fYlJUychJuAsjkJsUgJw9BO0+4bVfRl4FwLTGK66AVmph7DK+ic02N/SDNsHH6dZN2Zg9fEGrE47BbvNBpv4WkuRnVaCek2y0IuB5YdOw60kQAIjkkDUVUiaBBx1nIAb3vsxEpAU61dCyPpzHLsKkxEgfz5gp9C8ey+c5kQkTBjt2woYEBV7LSap9/JIdMwwHpOzklG/6neobbDDJocjabJEZGVdlM5qi+HysCLQ+7z1HMfBHYcA5wbkXRPtjWUzIVq+qbZg2+4PlXi3YYWBldEbAU9nGw47+7Da2Yq2znN9JNDsipqCRbV7UX2LEzXljyMv7RqEjGnSHAJ0o8X6KOJj05C34QN0iX3RudhY9wLS0QZHuz8yNeAwrpAACZDApSIQdB8X8aLKvVw1IBIdMyNl0RY0Vt+CrprnYclLQ2yv+Hr08hl6lXVROqvayd/hRmBUYIU86D7wKlbV34rKxs0oTBqj2a1OvHgRbxRODdqnScZFErgEBAwTEjDZDBwOV5b6xN8eLkHQ9qgkZOSL7yNYLQLwa7di/YI8ZDt24sPV04ISAx7HG1hQ0oi7qv8HL+XHe3sfxDWyB0cBTO51BDeQAAmQwCUmkF6JxrcKkdS7m0k2REyAikzHjEjKyJe/havFRNC3sHX9KuRlf4KdHz6lVKqfsuREfepsBoyXGA+L++4IBJ2SSvc5Zv8UOYlax1MYaIAx5U7MNR/CjoPHoc4T/u5MZ8nDmYAh8TbMSleHntSanoXDOgcm0xxYO69DztzxOPr+UXQEnIxutDvagEnXIjYq6PRWs+nv1xCDlHwLCuYmw3m4DZ0B+YuDPXC3f4KjSMbU68drhr3O47RTnWnfXyHcTwIkQAL9EfCGvAWPpnhaYM2NhynXGuYViGORkpMN89G/4qMO7QiQB+7mtcgSGuo4c5E6NhoxKTMxv+AemOURpqgIygrxppx+dbY/NtyvZwKBd+duEUcHzL3/R4gN3KPU0XgzZj0xGfU73kNrrxuynjHQ9iFHwJCA3KfnIbHqeTxnb5cfdjwdB7F569+QumIhZiddhbSHf46MPauwbN17XgdUDCEtgaVqAlaU3xf2aT+4rsrrT3JRamvxvsZJvBLkXexuBGbPz0KiwRsnJR/owRn3WUR5H8S2bj7oLfscOhpewbIFr6KvaIDgspV1bwyovHIWbvf50Mm4lQRIYMQRMCTm4OniK1BVvhF22ZE8h44Dr2Nr/eQ+dM4A47T5WHvXu1iw7BU0yMcJXatF+dNVgKyhl/k6lPrUMdnRTUZWqc3/aiX3x9i/+y9QOqoui6CsMehfZ0dc047oCmtczLNwvPEiqhLvx6w0daJRMBszbp6Rh/T6F2E9cNJ7Mpn87z0MTs51ErhoAqMRk1GKLXUPoKc8HdEiVmniC+h56PfY8ospiBKB88k/w4a9lbijsxwTo8X7727E446pqG7cgkUp5ohLNiQ9CGvdfIyrnYNY+T160YjNrsW44io8M1MZUlduAN0oSYtBzKw/oDXqNjxV8yzSDs3zlj0FS965AgU7NqEo8qK9No5BYu6jKD63CmnRyZi1/ROOLETcekxIAsOcgCEWGWVW1D10BuUTr4TJdCUmlp/BQ3Uv4Rd96ZwhHvmV21F9x2dYIh+n6tprXg0FYIxAxwzJsFhfQ/G4WmTHeueBxM5B7bj5qHnmHqWjKoKyItHZYd6SrJ6GwPfE9H/Num4WRTCzy+XSjb00lARIgAT6I0Bd648Q95MACeiJQDhN0/R86qk6tJUESIAESIAESIAESECPBOh86rHVaDMJkAAJkAAJkAAJ6JQAnU+dNhzNJgESIAESIAESIAE9EqDzqcdWo80kQAIkQAIkQAIkoFMCdD512nA0mwRIgARIgARIgAT0SIDOpx5bjTaTAAmQAAmQAAmQgE4J0PnUacPRbBIgARIgARIgARLQIwE6n3psNdpMAiRAAiRAAiRAAjolQOdTpw1Hs0mABEiABEiABEhAjwTofOqx1WgzCZAACZAACZAACeiUAJ1PnTYczSYBEiABEiABEiABPRKg86nHVqPNJEACJEACJEACJKBTAnQ+ddpwNJsESIAESIAESIAE9Ejge5IkSXo03GQy6dFs2kwCJEACJEACJEACI4qAy+UKqO+ogDWdrQRXRmfm01wSIAESCCAgHqqpawFIuEICJKBjAuE0jcPuOm5Umk4CJEACJEACJEACeiNA51NvLUZ7SYAESIAESIAESEDHBOh86rjxaDoJkAAJkAAJkAAJ6I0AnU+9tRjtJQESIAESIAESIAEdE6DzqePGo+kkQAIkQAIkQAIkoDcCdD711mK0lwRIgARIgARIgAR0TIDOp44bj6aTAAmQAAmQAAmQgN4I0PnUW4vRXhIgARIgARIgARLQMQE6nzpuPJpOAiRAAiRAAiRAAnojQOdTby1Ge0mABEiABEiABEhAxwTofOq48Wg6CZAACZAACZAACeiNAJ1PvbUY7SUBEiABEiABEiABHROg86njxqPpJEACJEACJEACJKA3AnQ+9dZitJcESIAESIAESIAEdEwgyPk8C4d1DkwmU4hvLkqtdjjcHh1Xl6aTwEUScDuwr+JX2Ow4e5EZ9HVYNxz71mHZ5hbw6uqLE/eRAAkMHAEP3I49qFi2DY7BEJ5B1cyBo8CcvhsCQc6nasR0VDZ+CZfL5ft2HVuOCe+UILukFu2DcaKqRfOXBIYcAQ+6GzdjXtlh9AyGbd3NsM57AX8ZlMwHw2DmSQIkoH8Cp9BoXY6yv3wzCFUZZM0cBIuZ5aUlEMb57G2EIWYqCgvuAbb/AbtbB6P3p3eZ3EICJEACJEACJEACJDC8CETsfPqqbU5EwoTRvlUukMDgETiHjuYtKM2KV8JA4i2o2OeA21egGDayw1qa6w0TiUdWqRV2R7c3hQfd9mWIN83BK/YD2OxLdxMsFXs0ISTB+ZhgyiqF1S7KEnmswI15G+DE2yhJG4/4UjvkEjwdaLZVwBKvhqkEl38S9tIpMOVuhL0hTD267Si9MQ9VTifqS6YgOn4Z7N0cWvA1MRdIYLgRELqxuRRZ3vC2eMta7PNplqhsNxx2q1/3TMEhbxHoiswsOB+tPok87kZeVQtQX4K06CkotZ+Uj/J0NMNWYUG8L/wuqHyhWfHxyH1lHxpC1qMPzRxubcn6XDwBKeDzjdSyabZkNM6WNrV8E7Cn58RBqfKRYqnygxNST8Ce72bFaDR+NwWz1EtE4B/SFzXFUpxxurS45ph0WuqRTh+rlgriJkuP1Pyv1KNZL6g8KJ0QJ2XPCemDygIpznivtKapS2yQXHVLpTijUTJmLpVqWlyy7T0n9kpLM5OkzDUfSKfFltMfSGsy06SCTR8q69I/pBN1q6RM33Wg5qO9LrqkpjX3SnEFv5E+OPEPhUnPF1Ld0umSMbNSajotDPpKqlucJhmNcVLm4hqpRd6m5q3aKEmSq05aHBcnTd90bEhcW5eogVlMCALUtRBQhtOmnv+Vah6ZrNEjl3Rs0yNSXFyxVPOF0BF1vcB3r5XvvQXimAvRlR7pdFOllBn3iLTpmKJ7kqpP0zdJLfJN3KtPvnWNFqqaKstqkF7KemWUjD5tFomCtS+UZg6nhmRdIiUQTtPC9HwqPTzaiUfRE+/Gyu2t6GzvxpmL93V5JAlERsDTht0v/xEoehpL85MRBQOiku9BwdzR2P7yfrR6TqHxd7+B/a6VePbJ2xAjzmRDDKYsqEB1USfKltdoguiTUbS8BPlJRrlsQ8xNuDPNhKb9R3DCA3hOHMH+pgTccXsiouQUoxGT8Uvsd72OwqQxoe3t/it2rO/E3ILZmBLjHQkwxGJawSykN72PwyfO+Y8zP4jlS2ciKUoYORoxKT9Cmvkw9h/+khOM/JS4RALDnoCndT9e3j5ao0dGJP/kfszFH/Hy7jZ4upvxu1WNuGvtKjw5JQaKrN2GBesqUdRaieXbP/ZrRp+6cg4nDr+PpklTcft1iu7BEIuMZ3fBtasQSSHv/CJOsxbrW7NRUDhV0VRZVm9HwQM3+fRSbSSzT5sV7U25899hDtY+NTF/SSCIQMhTEOg94cjV3oDqIqDK8p94sdkZlA1XSWBgCXha38OOemBS0lVeh1DkPw4ZqxsU8XR/iN3bvsSkqZN8IqlYEIXYpATg6CdoD/tmhsA0hqtuQFbqIayy/gkN9rc0w/Z91MmYgdXHG7A67RTsNhts4mstRXZaCer7OEzeFXUVkiYBRx0nNCEE/R3E/SRAAvomcBatB3ejHglIilUec+X6yFpyHLsKr4O7eR+2OZMx9frxsuPpq28kmhGQZjSumjwVqfUvwlr7Luy2A5owI1+uQQsGGDOexfHjZUjrfFfRNNsbsJbmI63k7aC0wasGRMVei0log6PdHxgVnIrrJKASCON8qrs1v1HJmFk4C+k4gPU7/qrEvGl2c5EELiUBT2cbDvf1DORsRVunpvexL+OipmBR7V5U3+JETfnjyEu7BqZecVbBGXSjxfoo4mPTkLfhA3SJ3dG52Fj3AtIpwMGwuE4CJNAvgXPobGtFn7J2uA2dEYWEGxCV8iRqG9fglq63UG6ZgbTYaE0sexhj3Edgtfw7YtMewoYPvgbwfUTnrEZd5fR+HujD5MfNJBCGwKgw20NuNkxIwGQzcDTkXm4kgUtHQD0XD4crUp0Y1x4uQdD2qCRk5IvvI1gtJgTUbsX6BXnIduzEh6unBSUGPI43sKCkEXdV/w9eyo/39lKIQPs98vUxudcR3EACJEACfREYjQkJiTCjNWwi8+QETDAAkcmaAVFJ05AvvoWrISYS1W5djwV5D8Kx889YnRFczFk4tpehxP4jVB99Afmx6sTik7DvbgOQGHwA10ngoglE3vMJQOltSsbcnBvhjSK56IJ5IAn0RcCQeBtmpQcPTat/gjAH1s7rkDN3PI6+fxQdAT0BbrQ72oBJ1yJWjrHsq5Qw+wwxSMm3oGBuMpwhexo8cLd/gqMIHh47j9NOdaZ9mLy5mQRIYIQSGIPE23N6j4x4WmDNjYcptxqdN9+JueYWvP9RUDy4+wQcR4PDkC4MoyEmBfnzCzDX/CUOt33tjx31ZaNq5824Xo1jF/s8f4fz6whHkXx5cYEE+iYQufPpbkGtdQfqU+/HrLSxfefKvSTwbQkYEpD79DwkVj2P5+ztslB6Og5i89a/IXXFQsxOugppD/8cGXtWYdm697wOqBgKXwJL1QSsKL8vTFB9b8M8DityxTC7rcUbgylevfQudjcCs+dnIdGgxjOJYz044z6LqBRxkziErZsPess+h46GV7Bswat9Dpv1Lh2AHKvlndh0xo2woaohD+ZGEiABvRAwJObg6eIrUFW+EfYO4dCdQ8eB17G1frKiWeYUPLwyDXsWrMS6hg7FQRRD4U+WoCqxBOWzrwuMBQ1bce+DetYy2HyvceqGY/8+NGIG5uckiCmcSny8nMdZuN1GpORkw1y/A5sPKJoLTwca1q3Egu2i5/NCPsGaeSaEs3sh+THtcCMQxvnsPdvdFLsAHyQVo27L40jx9igpN22T/72Hw40O6/MdEhAzzkuxpe4B9JSnI9pkQvTEF9Dz0O+x5RdTvLPff4YNeytxR2c5JkaLd23eiMcdU1HduAWLUswR225IehDWuvkYVzsHsfK77aIRm12LccVVeGamMqSu3DS6UZIWg5hZf0Br1G14quZZpB2a5y17Cpa8cwUKdmxCUeRFKzbKjvYDOCfe8xkzD9v5Jw4Rtx0TkoCuCIgZ52VW1D10BuUTr4TJdCUmlp/BQ3Uv4ReyZhmRXPgC9lbfgc4lt8q6Z4r9TzjuqERj7ZO+e2//dR6DJMta1BVHozZbxLALfbwG2bXRKK5ZipnykPoYJOY+iuJzq5AWnYxZ29sQNa0YNesm41DeJKXshCV45+oC7KguwgXLmuxoazQzYISq/xowxfAm8D3xriY9VlFcTOLvP/khARIggeFCgLo2XFqS9SABEhAEwmlamJ5PQiMBEiABEiABEiABEiCBgSdA53PgmTJHEiABEiABEiABEiCBMATofIYBw80kQAIkQAIkQAIkQAIDT4DO58AzZY4kQAIkQAIkQAIkQAJhCND5DAOGm0mABEiABEiABEiABAaeAJ3PgWfKHEmABEiABEiABEiABMIQoPMZBgw3kwAJkAAJkAAJkAAJDDwBOp8Dz5Q5kgAJkAAJkAAJkAAJhCFA5zMMGG4mARIgARIgARIgARIYeAJ0PgeeKXMkARIgARIgARIgARIIQ4DOZxgw3EwCJEACJEACJEACJDDwBOh8DjxT5kgCJEACJEACJEACJBCGAJ3PMGC4mQRIgARIgARIgARIYOAJ0PkceKbMkQRIgARIgARIgARIIAyB70mSJIXZN6Q3m0ymIW0fjSMBEiABEiABEiABEgBcLlcAhlEBazpbCa6MzsynuSRAAiQQQEA8VFPXApBwhQRIQMcEwmkah9113Kg0nQRIgARIgARIgAT0RoDOp95ajPaSAAmQAAmQAAmQgI4J0PnUcePRdBIgARIgARIgARLQGwE6n3prMdpLAiRAAiRAAiRAAjomQOdTx41H00mABEiABEiABEhAbwTofOqtxWgvCZAACZAACZAACeiYAJ1PHTceTScBEiABEiABEiABvRGg86m3FqO9JEACJEACJEACJKBjAnQ+ddx4NJ0ESIAESIAESIAE9EaAzqfeWoz2kgAJkAAJkAAJkICOCdD51HHj0XQSIAESIAESIAES0BsBOp96azHaSwIkQAIkQAIkQAI6JkDnU8eNR9NJgARIgARIgARIQG8E6HzqrcVoLwmQAAmQAAmQAAnomEB459PtgP2NCljiTTCZlG+8pQJv2B1w67jCNF0nBDwtsObGI77Ujm6dmEwzSYAESKAvAh6HFbmmKSi1n+wrGfeRwLAn8D1JkqTAWnrgdtSivKgUjWkr8PxTs5ESMxpANxz7rPjVvEp8/sQO1C6agqjAAy/pmnCIXS7XJS2ThZEACZDAYBKgrg0mXeZNAiRwqQmE07Tezqe7ARUzZ2H9D9ei/qV8xAb0jXrgbl6HmZmvIW3nn7E6Y9ylroevvHAV8iXgAgmQAAnojAB1TWcNRnNJgAT6JBBO0wJcS8CD7sZarG+6FSv/MzfI8RT5GxB18xw8//vlyIkVvaH8kMAgEQgYdveg274M8aY5eMV+AJtLc72hIDfBUrEHDrdHY8Q5dDRvQWlWvJIm3oKKfWqoyEnYS6fAlFWKVyosiBfhJPHLYO8WxwcdZ8pFqdUeIm8bKiw3+UJRRF7WgFCUbjjsVn/5pnhklVphd2iDByIoS4S9WEuR5Q15MYW0R1NtLpIACQx5AoHD7l49yt0Ie0M4zfJWydOB5s1+PYi3rMU+VVO67SiNFzqzzqdNvnCloON66xUAkcamDbELoVmR6FG/ZYlRVTusPv02yVocqJ9Dvglp4AARCHI+T6F59144zYlImBDGuTTEIGXGDGQkGQfIBGZDApESeBsLy/fAWPi6HHLRdawCsbueQNGLTd445HNoty3ErZlbgeI9aHd1oX1PBo7Mm40S23H4XNSmt3Fw7CJ85PoKx/bOR5rxvHLcffsw4deH0OVywdW+BknvlCC7pBbt8oGi138jHryvFqMe36WkEccvvwxb8xbhxWanUHG4m60osryPpI0fyja6uuqx/Ps7kPfUG3DI+Xht7LMsJ5pfXATLO/+Gje1d3rouxPe3Poantn/sr0ek2JiOBEhg6BKofw7lNT9AYW0bXEJTqn+IXT9WNUXIynHY/iMXma9+H8WNn8Pl+hx77vgI87KXwdZ+zlsvJ5q2fYixS96Bq+tj7H00BUbvcffZ4/DrY1/BJfRw47/hHYtWD51o/q//wH21l+HxQyKNCz7NKrKiWX6wj0CPIinL3YQXixbjnaQ1aBfl+PRzBbY7zg7d9qFlg0NAxHz6Pj3HpE3T4yTj9E1SS49v65BcMBqNQ9IuGjVABLznYtziOskl9UiuuqVSnDFNWlz3laaAr6S6xWn+8zXgGDWZNo13OW6pVOfSnOCuOmlxXJw0fdMxSbNVkuTtapnKsYo9at6SJMllJnmP/UZq2TTbb48mmW8xkrIC8vQdyYURQIC6NrwbuadlkzTdp2OR6VHgMV4+Wh2Rl41SoDapmjlb2tTyjQaqd7uqgQEa50+mlOk9tl89iqysgDz9RXFpmBMIp2lBPZ+D4+AyVxIYHAJRiE1KAI5+gna3B57W97CjHpiUdJVmMtw4lYgMRAAAE9xJREFUZKxugGtXIZJCnu0edDfvwzbneExOuAIBSaKuQtKkL7Ft94fohpLP8dUp6LT/ETabDTbbKyjNvgsl9epT+2hcNXkqUutfhLX2XdhtB4KG7SMsyzAek7OSUb/qd6htsMMWMKw/OCSZKwmQwBAhIOsOcNRxAm6cRevB3ahHApJiNVN8jRlYffw4dhUmB2qWrwrhRjENiIq9FpOce7G7+RQg59OA1WmnYJc1zQabtRTZaSWoV/PqV48iK8tw1Q3ISj2EVdY/ocH+VlAokloYf0cKgYB7LQxXIGHyeN/NfKRAYD1JAGhBVd61/lhOEWsZPQUl9WI4XXw8cLdshiX+GqTlVeGDrh4A/4qcja+jMl29URgQlfIkahvX4Jaut1BumYG02OgQcU39lWVGyqItaKy+BV01z8OSl4bYkLGjXtP4QwIkQAKhCDg3IO+a6ABdi9Y6luhGi/VRxMemIW/DB+gSeUTnYmPdC0hHGxzt4sWKEepRf2VFTcGi2r2ovsWJmvLHkZd2DRjLHqrRRsa2UYHVHIuUnGyYq1rR1nkOGcYxgbu9a56OZvzp2OXIzEjS9DCFTMqNJKATAtNR2bgZhUmhz3mICVALfgn7XdU4qn0LRLcdu486gclqNQ2ISpqGfPEtXA1xrdRuXY8FeQ/CsfNPWCon66csOY0RSRn58rdwtZig9Ba2rl+FvOxPsPPDMmQYA58b1dL5SwIkQAI+AumVaHwr3KgPICZALShpxF3V/4OX8uO9vahiguceHIVG1tCXHj2lFNdPWXKiqCRk5IvvI1gtJijVbsX6BXnIduzEh6szwJkkvpYb9gtBdzADjGkz8YToGl+zyzvRQstA6f0pvHUe/tv5f+My7S4uk8B3TMCQeBtm+XohVWPOwmGdA5NpDqwhg9oNMKbcibnmFrz/0ZeBk3nEa8eykpFrbYHHfQKOo8CkqZMQo7lqPKed+FotKsSvISYF+fMLMNf8JQ63dSEqkrJ65TMaMSkzMb/gHpidyoNhryTcQAIkMAwJjEHi7TmaXkhvFb1vAzHlWr0TGYOr7u1IOvpXfNShTkoSacSkyLXIkvXwDNztn+AokjH1+vGa4fvzOO3Uvp0jOO9gPYpSOq36LEsNTdLkJSYv51tQMDcZzsNt6PTNCNWk4eKwJaC5jXrrGJWKxzY+g4w9C/DQ0i1o9p244iXz61B81y/x+YMVeGam+pQ0bNmwYnojYEhA7tPzkFj1PJ6zt8uOpKfjIDZv/RtSVyzE7HC9msbb8MTaH2HPgpVY19ChOKDuFtjKV6IMRSiffR0MxhuRM3c86re+jgPea8LT8R7WLVuF7erIPLyObtYy2NTXoIg/Z9i/D42Ygfk5CTBEUpZ8Y0lGVqnNHzPq/hj7d/8FmP1T5CSG6Z3VW3vRXhIggX4JGBJz8HTxFagq3wi7rD3n0HHgdWytn4wV5feFiWU3wDhtPtbe9S4WLHsFDfJx3j+QeboKkPXwMu+D9yFs3XwQHd63cXQ0vIJlC16FT9b61aPLIihrjNzLmiteGWdr8b6dRNjzLnY3ArPnZyGxtzfSLxsm0C+BEM1tQFRyAayHavBU0hE8PfFKb7zINcjech7/X/Ve1D57p6/3R3lvmYl/g6jfc2AYWT4aMRml2FL3AHrK0xFtMiF64gvoeej32PKLvv6RazRi85/F3uo70LnkVvk4U+wc1I6bj7otjyMlSlwm4zDtqQ1Yl/Y+8rzXRMKS93F1wXpUFyV7GY5BkmUt6oqjUZst4pnE39Jeg+zaaBTXLMVM+d24EZRlSIbF+hqKx9UiW8SMiny89tQ8c0+I9+8OoyZkVUiABAIJGGKRUWZF3UNnUC5rz5WYWH4GD9W9hF+kmAPTatcM8civ3I7qOz7DEvm4aMRm12Jc8Wt+PTTehqdqnkXaoXmYGC30agqWvHMFCnZsQpGadSR6FEFZhqQHYa2bj3G1cxAra6NqTxU7s7TtNkKWe//DkU4qHu6t+Toxn2aSAAmQQC8C1LVeSLiBBEhAxwTCaVqInk8d15KmkwAJkAAJkAAJkAAJDGkCdD6HdPPQOBIgARIgARIgARIYXgTofA6v9mRtSIAESIAESIAESGBIE6DzOaSbh8aRAAmQAAmQAAmQwPAiQOdzeLUna0MCJEACJEACJEACQ5oAnc8h3Tw0jgRIgARIgARIgASGFwE6n8OrPVkbEiABEiABEiABEhjSBOh8DunmoXEkQAIkQAIkQAIkMLwI0PkcXu3J2pAACZAACZAACZDAkCZA53NINw+NIwESIAESIAESIIHhRYDO5/BqT9aGBEiABEiABEiABIY0ATqfQ7p5aBwJkAAJkAAJkAAJDC8CdD6HV3uyNiRAAiRAAiRAAiQwpAnQ+RzSzUPjSIAESIAESIAESGB4EfieJEmSHqtkMpn0aDZtJgESIAESIAESIIERRcDlcgXUd1TAms5WgiujM/NpLgmQAAkEEBAP1dS1ACRcIQES0DGBcJrGYXcdNypNJwESIAESIAESIAG9EaDzqbcWo70kQAIkQAIkQAIkoGMCdD513Hg0nQRIgARIgARIgAT0RoDOp95ajPaSAAmQAAmQAAmQgI4J0PnUcePRdBIgARIgARIgARLQGwE6n3prMdpLAiRAAiRAAiRAAjomQOdTx41H00mABEiABEiABEhAbwTofOqtxWgvCZAACZAACZAACeiYAJ1PHTceTScBEiABEiABEiABvRGg86m3FqO9JEACJEACJEACJKBjAnQ+ddx4NJ0ESIAESIAESIAE9EaAzqfeWoz2kgAJkAAJkAAJkICOCdD51HHj0XQSIAESIAESIAES0BsBOp96azHaSwIkQAIkQAIkQAI6JhDkfHrQbV+GeJMJpl7fm2CpeB12R7eOq0vTdUPA0wJrbjziS+3gGaebVqOhJEACuiHggduxBxXLtsHhGQSj3Q7sq/gVNjvODkLmzFLvBIKcT7U6ySja+QlcLpf/274dD2IXLNkLYW2hO6CS4u8gETAko3DXcRxfnQHjIBXBbEmABEhg5BI4hUbrcpT95ZtBQOBBd+NmzCs7jJ5ByJ1Z6p9AGOczRMWiknDnL1Zh7V2NKHncimb3YDwqhSiXm0iABEiABEiABEiABIYNgcidT1FlQzxm/ueTSG96DTsaTw0bCKzIECQQMOyuhoPMwSv2A9hcmusNCxGhIHvgCHgQOoeO5i0ozYpX0sRbULHPAbdcxZOwl06BKasUr1RYlPCS+GWwd4sHqaDjTLkotdpD5G1DheUmf1hKVimsdjV/UUg3HHarv3xTPLJKrUHhKhGU5XbAbi1Fli/8JZQ9Q7DdaBIJkEDfBDwdaN7sv7bjLWuxLyCcLVhDgq99r47lboS9IZzWCROC89FqkcjjbuRVtQD1JUiLnoJS+0nZbk9HM2yqPsr6E1R+tx2l8fHIfWUfGkLWQ+j1CtyYtwFOvI2StPEMn+r7jBiRey/M+RT+54QETDZ/icNtX4N9nyPynPkOK/02FpbvgbHwdTkcpOtYBWJ3PYGiF5u8zuU5tNsW4tbMrUDxHrS7utC+JwNH5s1Gie24/3xtehsHxy7CR66vcGzvfKQZzyvH3bcPE359CF0i3KR9DZLeKUF2SS3a5RPdA3fzRjx4Xy1GPb5LSSOOX34ZtuYtwovNTgAijRVFlveRtPFDJWSlqx7Lv78DeU+94Y2r8trYZ1lONL+4CJZ3/g0b27u8dV2I7299DE9t/9hfj++wJVg0CZDARRDwHIftP3KR+er3Udz4OVyuz7Hnjo8wL3sZbO3nZIexxboQ2ZZ3fFrUdWw5JrxTgrSZ6wJHHOufQ3nND1BY2waX0KLqH2LXjyPVonHIWP1n7CxKBtIr0djVgNUZ4wB3A/7rwSLUjnoUh7qUsLuuY4r2+HVW1NuJ+oUvoMb4MGqFXnYdRXXsbvy4SIyKAsaMMny4sxhmTEdl45cMn7qIU2W4H3LBzqcCxImjjhPeG/5wR8T6DR0CyShaXoL8JCUK1BBzE+5MM6Fp/xGcEA6ipw27X/4jUPQ0luYnIwoGRCXfg4K5o7H95f1oVZ+WzPeg4CeTEIXRiEmKR1T3e1i/4I+YtHIJnpwSA/miiLoBhesqMXfPr7H+gOgROIXGHa+hdW4BCtU04vhpc/BAegv2H/4SHpzDicPvo2nSVNx+nTdS1RCLjGd3wbWrEEki40jK8nyJw/tbMOmOW3FdlHKJGmLuxLP7W7CrMFmxb+g0Ci0hARKIkICndT9e3j5ao2NGJP/kfszFH/Hy7jZ4upvxu1WNuGvtKp8WGWJuw4J1lShqrcRy7cOn+UEsXzoTSbJGjEZMyo+QZj4cuRb1slnEadZifWs2CgqnIsbrHRhibkfBAzf5ddZ7nNmns6JXKgYpd/47zE3v4/AJ4UTzQwJ9E/CeXn0n4l4SGJoEohCblAAc/QTtbg88re9hRz0wKekqRPkMFk/4DX7nz7ddXfCgu3kftjnHY3LCFYGOXdRVSJr0Jbbt/hDdUPI5vjoFnfY/wmazwWZ7BaXZd6GkXp3NORpXTZ6K1PoXYa19F3bbgaBh+wjLMozH5Kxk1K/6HWob7LAFDOurdvOXBEhAXwTOovXgbtQjAUmxfoWCMQOrjx/HrsLr4Ja1KBlTrx8fQovQd6ePrFdqmv60KBQ5A4wZz+L48TKkdb7r1bg3YC3NR1rJ26EO0GwzICr2WkxCGxztSpCTZicXSaAXgYt0Ps1BN/he+XIDCeiMQAuq8q71x3KKWKfoKSipF8Pp4uOBu2UzLPHXIC2vCh90iTmc/4qcja+jMl0VfAOiUp5EbeMa3NL1FsotM5AWGy3HmAbGhfZXlhkpi7agsfoWdNU8D0teGmJDxo56TeMPCZDAMCBwDp1trVAVJ1SFnIfb0KmO4IRK4NsWqRb5DlAW3Edgtfw7YtMewoYPvgbwfUTnrEZd5XTfQ37QEVwlgYsiMOrCjvL33MwN7iW6sIyYmgSGGAERm7QZhUljQtslJkAt+CXsd1Xj6Ev5iFUf27rt2H3UCUxWDzMgKmka8sW3cDVE8H7t1vVYkPcgHDv/hKVysn7KktMYkZSRL38LV4sJSm9h6/pVyMv+BDs/LEOGUTVALZe/JEAC+iYwGhMSEmFGa9hqmCcnYIIBaA+bQrujLy36M1ZnaNOK5bNwbC9Dif1HqD76AvJjR3sTnIR9dxuAxOADuE4CF03gwu5gns+x/7W34Ex/DIXTxl10oTyQBAaDgCHxNszy9UKqJZyFwzoHJtMcWEO+7NgAY8qdmGtuwfsfibhNzcfdgIqsZORaW+Bxn4DjKDBp6iRfLJRI6TnthOgfCPcxxKQgf34B5sqT9LoQFUlZvTIT8VwzMb/gHpidrWjrZExVL0TcQAJDnsAYJN6eg/TgoWnvmz1MudXovDmcFnn1JyCk6MIqHKhFoSYMu9HuaAMm3YzrY1THU4jc3+H8mppzYbSZuj8CkTuf4t8K/mslFuxJQ+XanyiTJ/rLnftJ4FISMCQg9+l5SKx6Hs/Z22VH0tNxEJu3/g2pKxZidrheTeNteGLtj7BnwUqsa+hQHFB3C2zlK1GGIpTPvg4G443ImTse9Vtfx4EORYg9He9h3bJV2O4bJ/M6ulnLYPO9OqUbjv370IgZmJ+TAEMkZck3o2Rkldr8MaPuj7F/91+A2T9FTmKY3tlLyZplkQAJXDABQ2IOni6+AlXlG2GXdeQcOg68jq31k7Gi/D4kmVPw8Mq0IC06AuuTJahKLFG0KKJSI9AieGPm5fzOwu02IiUnG+b6Hdh8QNFPeDrQsG4lFmwXPZ8X8lFjQMUxHpxxnwl8sL+QrJh2WBII43yGiEmLfQr7xs5CzaHfoDDZ/58zHocVuSYT3+M1LE8PvVVqNGIySrGl7gH0lKcj2mRC9MQX0PPQ77HlF1M0k5CC6zUasfnPYm/1Hehccqt8nCl2DmrHzUfdlseRIs8mHYdpT23AurT3kTfxSjk2NGHJ+7i6YD2qxetK5M8YJFnWoq44GrXZ13jjR69Bdm00imuWYqY8jBVBWYZkWKyvoXhcLbJFzKiIP/XaU/PMPf4h/+BqcJ0ESGBoExBvvyizou6hMyiXdeRKTCw/g4fqXsIvUswAjEgufCFIi/4Tjjsq0Vj7pFeLIqliJFo0Bom5j6L43CqkRSdj1vY2RE0rRs26yTiUN0nRwYQleOfqAuyoLoKw7kI+iqPdjZK0GMTM+oP/bSMXkgnTDlsC35MkSdJj7cQNWfz9Jz8kQAIkMFwIUNeGS0uyHiRAAoJAOE0L0/NJaCRAAiRAAiRAAiRAAiQw8ATofA48U+ZIAiRAAiRAAiRAAiQQhgCdzzBguJkESIAESIAESIAESGDgCdD5HHimzJEESIAESIAESIAESCAMATqfYcBwMwmQAAmQAAmQAAmQwMAToPM58EyZIwmQAAmQAAmQAAmQQBgCdD7DgOFmEiABEiABEiCB/789O7YBGAaBAKhM4P3H9ASkTkGVd4F1ZZCCzdG8ZAIE8gLCZ95URwIECBAgQIAAgUZA+GxglAkQIECAAAECBPICwmfeVEcCBAgQIECAAIFGQPhsYJQJECBAgAABAgTyAsJn3lRHAgQIECBAgACBRkD4bGCUCRAgQIAAAQIE8gJPVVW+7fmOa63zhziBAAECBAgQIEDgl8De+/P/2PD5mcIHAQIECBAgQIDACAHP7iPW5JIECBAgQIAAgTsEhM879mgKAgQIECBAgMAIAeFzxJpckgABAgQIECBwh4DwecceTUGAAAECBAgQGCHwAvYNU3OTJenCAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An elevator (lift) and its load have a total mass of 750 kg and accelerate vertically downwards at 2.0 m s<sup>–2</sup>.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>What is the tension in the elevator cable?</p>
<p><br>A. 1.5 kN<br>B. 6.0 kN<br>C. 7.5 kN<br>D. 9.0 kN</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball is thrown upwards at an angle to the horizontal. Air resistance is negligible. Which statement about the motion of the ball is correct?</p>
<p>A. The acceleration of the ball changes during its flight.</p>
<p>B. The velocity of the ball changes during its flight.</p>
<p>C. The acceleration of the ball is zero at the highest point.</p>
<p>D. The velocity of the ball is zero at the highest point.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Candidate responses were divided between responses B (correct), D, and to a lesser extent, C. Many candidates appeared to focus on vertical velocity only or confused vertical velocity and acceleration values. This question had the highest discrimination index, suggesting that it would be a useful question for class discussion.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball undergoes an elastic collision with a vertical wall. Which of the following is equal to zero?</p>
<p>A. The change of the magnitude of linear momentum of the ball</p>
<p>B. The magnitude of the change of linear momentum of the ball</p>
<p>C. The rate of change of linear momentum of the ball</p>
<p>D. The impulse of the force on the ball</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation with time <em>t </em>of the force <em>F </em>acting on an object of mass 15 000 kg.</p>
<p>The object is at rest at <em>t </em>= 0.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.09.53.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/05"></p>
<p>What is the speed of the object when <em>t </em>= 30 s?</p>
<p>A. 0.18 m s<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>B. 6 m s<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>C. 12 m s<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p>D. 180 m s<sup>–1</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of weight <em>W </em>is falling vertically at a constant speed in a fluid. What is the magnitude of the drag force acting on the object? </p>
<p>A. 0<br>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{W}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>W</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span><br>C. <em>W <br></em>D. 2<em>W</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>X and Y are two objects on a frictionless table connected by a string. The mass of X is 2 kg and the mass of Y is 4 kg. The mass of the string is negligible. A constant horizontal force of 12 N acts on Y.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What are the acceleration of Y and the magnitude of the tension in the string?</p>
<p><br><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A horizontal force <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi></math> acts on a sphere. A horizontal resistive force <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>k</mi><msup><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> acts on the sphere where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math> is the speed of the sphere and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>k</mi></math> is a constant. What is the terminal velocity of the sphere?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msqrt><mfrac><mi>k</mi><mi>F</mi></mfrac></msqrt></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>k</mi><mi>F</mi></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>F</mi><mi>k</mi></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msqrt><mfrac><mi>F</mi><mi>k</mi></mfrac></msqrt></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A rocket has just been launched vertically from Earth. The image shows the free-body diagram of the rocket. <em>F</em><sub>1</sub> represents a larger force than <em>F</em><sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which force pairs with <em>F</em><sub>1 </sub>and which force pairs with <em>F</em><sub>2</sub>, according to Newton’s third law?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A motor of input power 160 W raises a mass of 8.0 kg vertically at a constant speed of 0.50 m s<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
<p>What is the efficiency of the system?</p>
<p>A. 0.63%</p>
<p>B. 25%</p>
<p>C. 50%</p>
<p>D. 100%</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi></math> strikes a vertical wall horizontally at speed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>U</mi></math>. The object rebounds from the wall horizontally at speed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>V</mi></math>.</p>
<p>What is the magnitude of the change in the momentum of the object?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mfenced><mrow><mi>V</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>U</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mfenced><mrow><mi>U</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>V</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mfenced><mrow><mi>U</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>V</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two forces act along a straight line on an object that is initially at rest. One force is constant; the second force is in the opposite direction and proportional to the velocity of the object.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is correct about the motion of the object?<br></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. The acceleration increases from zero to a maximum.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. The acceleration increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. The velocity increases from zero to a maximum.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. The velocity increases from zero to a maximum and then decreases.</span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The mass at the end of a pendulum is made to move in a horizontal circle of radius <em>r</em> at constant speed. The magnitude of the net force on the mass is <em>F</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the direction of <em>F</em> and the work done by<em> F</em> during half a revolution?</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The minute hand of a clock hanging on a vertical wall has length <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>L</mi><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo> </mo><mn>30</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>cm.</mtext></math></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"> <img 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"></p>
<p>The minute hand is observed pointing at 12 and then again 30 minutes later when the minute hand is pointing at 6.</p>
<p>What is the average velocity and average speed of point P on the minute hand during this time interval?</p>
<p><img 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uo/9tDcA9rdiwdtQbaNOXBFhxyQyzONe9+7TtUX7ap9yJc3tjBfG5E72mt1bzGWcTMGrpPrhn3MqYz085HXc3t5pEc7mTf6yMa58sEfGv4wTy7K0G/lV86sPeOUoey6xvTJmbFyYw6ylvZ3lTHaJ+paurJX2DdpIbA1AsTJubZYtBC8TO6J0qA7J/TWdzNjL5G7lFA9GJZkmMTqe5IK8mqjz8PCfg9QEpvNJFf52WcSqgc7ffjfE00do+xbr8hGns0DliuNBIp/tZFcsUvfTKb1END2yqXbjdzum3q6DvuRIf+uQ+YeKoyt8rtvyvTqWtQDxz3vHldGXUPm4yf+YBPv4KMc5GJz7cMubZOfzJHXfWG+hxnv0VX7tEsZvNNm/VOPdsGnr+0lDPRVue91hd+ljXWTF37S3C/6X2XJzz1d39W5lal7Qz2Ms889qBzZ896GrLon6Kev28tcmjJcY/r6PjkNzD8hsDMCs9hfLFpMVgS/bdTnu0dcZ8bOdJBQSODVZuecOzQZQ/IwgdQ5NXHRj5zeN0omHgg1cfW+qtMka9LSBnTh0yOa+k3k8lL26PDjXe03mVbGI9urb7NDQv2wQj4fDnn2gwdt19GZd9+QcY7bEte6vl2mdlbdsMROxtKwm0IGORY73Pt+xM/Dz/Gsi37DDj+Yrz/c+16b4CM7fMMmPu6/uh7OuYSBvuIX8t+rYfulTbaMl5HrUvep8hiP/FoQ+I5r32v0uUZV16iPsaM1hnVfs9rXdY5kqM99Um3OfQjshcAs9heLFoKfyaNPDdxHgpoZe04XNpEUTNJ1rAmBJLHURkkdeX3OqM/EztVmYqz29L6qUxv7wVATm7JvvZrIXT98qd8ceR6tN33YShsl05Ht1Tf5qHdkP36qBx0kZmRgE63rUKbMec9YdbB/q29dZ7WvvkOGaz7ylbEeHurmQOdDYz6ceUa/BZv7YCRTedruHK70VTnK1kZ0MgZ26EY+z+pR78jfUZ8+VPn46fq4Rvp+cvoJ/6Dn2sYewCcafsNj1DqbPqbvNeVhk2u01Ee/8pFjg1+3p/Z1nSMZfZ8oO9cQ2BOBWewPixYSEhNHiYnDwMTwaFAzY5f0GeAje51DwvBgsa9eRwmcOTV5M37UN+LlQeKhwdzeV3X2pKVtNbHZd88VBujV5vptc3bQo1fWNSGPbK++eQjXhF998H3/BokME33Xof11zWGFD8qrvlV93Du299f1db0oFGrruhnHPPShn0Yf916dP+I3OoyQx1zWSy70ce9VmTz3Ak097r+6Hs67hIFjvVpMEqudi2Mecb0lF8DfGOceLqMGV+Qv7Y++15AxWqNRH2NlX2NkFMe1r+scyVjSN/IxfSGwVQKz2B8WLUvJDAgGvMnwkWBmxnZdBDpJiuQ0s8dxXYbPo6SOXFjUNurrhxjjR5x6X9XZk5Y6a2Kz756rNox4LK07PpNEaaNkSn8dw3P1zfceKDzXpk19DZHJh9b5jJjbhx6Lh6qn3quzHrweCq45hxp70qLB+TJwruPw2eLBPuywj/nOxR+berHJhg/IQ7969Kv2jeYig7GMk2lfD8ZcwkB76lXOS4d+HXvrPbZf2/BH1tjm3ulyXJvKu47pe413I86jPsaO1ngUx7Wv6xzJWNJXbc99CGydwCz2h0ULwb4U0CRQhBJUj24zY7s+k/olydNEpd0kCeZ7uI2SOhw8wNQ96jOJc7V5IHho0N/7qs6etJRTE5t991xdP1ib4JXHO/zjwLNxTx/20UbJlH7GIM8DtvrGe32XEVxkaTKua+Ohyxha5zNizjjWc+TbSUj7h7HoQTYfddY1p49xriMFzEg+dtJvgVM51/054qf/Nebk5f7EdPiiA5tq0w/71MFY7e7r4VjnLjFAZ/WfeTJRxjOu2H5Nw37s7PzxH5buS2Xqg/3y5oos9LsfmTNao1EfY+WPHNsojmtf1zmSsaRPHbmGwB4IzGL/T0WLSdlgHkEw4Hnn4UGw39tmxlb56mXO6DOyhzkkNseTNPRzlNQ9VKveUZ+2cLWZBEk0tt5Xdfak5Zya2Oy798r6waDaq0zs9T1juK8+jJIpc/WNOfhSfVN2HcO4eii47+j3neNZo85nxLzaUQsF9fcrcquv2DNaX33GLt5jV2/KcT/xnr3G+NqUhT+20WFkkV0LSxl1/czv+9qxXGmj9aD/EgYWS64NvlY/9eORV3Rd0+AKg8qV2HEvjWT5njHMlWvfa8wdrdGoj7GjNR7Fce3rOkcylvSNfEtfCGyVwCz2/1S0vNLRmbGvtC26t0HAXwa2YW2sXCKQXLBEJv0hsG8Cs9hP0bLv9T+Ud3z7r9+YD+X8zpydJa6duRt3QiAEficwi/0ULdkquyDAnz/Y7PXPKbtw7KBOzBLXQbHE7RDYPYFZ7Kdo2f0WiIMhsD0Cs8S1PY9icQiEwCUEZrGfouUSihkTAiHwrgRmietdjYmyEAiBdyMwi/0ULe+2FFEUAiFwKYFZ4rpUTsaFQAhsi8As9lO0bGs9Y20IHILALHEdAkKcDIEDEpjFfoqWA26KuBwCaycwS1xrtz/2hUAI3EZgFvspWm7jmlkhEAJPJDBLXE9UHdEhEAIvJDCL/RQtL1ycqA6BEBgTmCWu8az0hkAIbJ3ALPZTtGx9hWN/COyQwCxx7dDluBQCIfD2dvq/t3UORIqWc3TyLgRC4CUEUrS8BHuUhsDLCcxiP0XLy5coBoRACHQCs8TVx+c5BEJgHwRmsb+6ogWD8wmD7IHsgeyB7IHsgWPugXPl1+qKlnPG5l0IhMAxCHBYpYVACByPwCz2U7Qcb0/E4xBYPYFZ4lq9AzEwBELgJgKz2E/RchPWTAqBEHgmgVnieqbuyA6BEHgdgVnsp2h53dpEcwiEwAKBWeJamJbuEAiBjROYxX6Klo0vcMwPgT0SmCWuPfocn0IgBPJ/pyV7IARCYIMEUrRscNFicgg8gMAs9vNLywMgR0QIhMBjCcwS12O1RVoIhMBaCMxiP0XLWlYqdoRACHwmMEtcnwfmJgRCYFcEZrGfomVXyx1nQmAfBGaJax9exosQCIFOYBb7KVo6sTyHQAi8nMAscb3cwBgQAiHwFAKz2E/R8hTsERoCIXAPgVniukd25oZACKyXwCz2U7Ssd+2usuzXX395++KLv1w1J4NDYK0EZolrrXavxa4ff/zX2zff/G0t5sSOELiYwCz2U7RcjHK9A0lQFCyzxV6vB7EsBP5IIHv5jzyuefrw4ftTLkjRcg21jF0LgVnsD4uWH3745/D/0zIHI++e1WbGjvQaoMzl8913/xgNW2Xf11//9Y3PvY2i5eef//PSogUb6t54lG+y+fTp08k/1pv200//Pj1zPXL79tu/7/IXtltywZb3Qd/f9/hCHOaXlnsIZu4rCcxi/2zRwp8caiMQEFgPp/r+3vuZsV0+Cfurr758006uPO/1GwZ8+oc1oX38+PH0rjN6j+dHJtwle7uOFC2/kUrRsrRj9t1PDu65gNxnS9EiiVy3RmBWB1xVtOD8o79BV6AzY+tYD+leQBnMvD9Sk8crfO4FxTNs6DpStPxGOUXLM3bb9mWmaNn+Gh7Vg1kdcFPRQqJ8RpsZe4nOc4cZgcy3EfTwwQ8OQxrFGM98fM8vNvx6U/tGf35SJwWT8vlTGvqqTt75q5A6/fNQPZTRqw3ovqTNipalYg5/6jc07Kv6ua8FIH+eweY6Rlu5+j8GHhW32uB4nmvDFt9xxXfXp/Jhjsy5Mk+9XV71rb6r82s/cmRedVZ/q93I73sCGYy3uTbsBRq64aOvyPAd7zvj6lvdi+jgU9/X/YZ83tc9p01rv2L7MxtrW1nWNVhad9alx0ddN+1lHGtS9zvrzdzax9qgi1Z18lxlIAse2MjeuaRhF/LTQmBrBGaxf1XRQiAQfPUQeySQmbGX6DIpdBs9pEgGNBIIycADykPE9/5vRLDJQwr/ee6JStkkFfWSMBiLXBMT94yx8cyHZtKq8pWrTc4bXT0YR+/o872+OA57PHQZA5Oa7LhnjD5gCzY6B07aXu2svqHLeSZd10l7WAfmqMf1UU/XIRuurlVfl+qb/nqt8+3jWveEOvFXO5nHGH3Fvrqm2lL7sIs5yMOvKg+dHp7uHVnpOzJproXjeI8sZNOUrW11zmnAhv7Br2ua+4l5ow9samOvsUaydA0YV9ed9aYpH9bKkr8ylO/6GUfIQxd2mW+YgyzXWJ2uXZXBOxry3EfqWrqy59S/NCb9IbBGArPYP1u0jIKf4DNoH+3wzNhL9GGfiaGON+BrX703idU+EgTyaqPPxGK/B6AHG/0muXqQ2mcSqge7SasnmjpGfbdekY08mweshyIJFP9qI7myLvpmMq17QNsrl243crtv6uk67EeG/LsOmXuoMLbK774p02ufbz92un/UWeUyDj/lxPrCx4MLTthc+5ivDBjrkzq1xb0yYqw/jnEusrRFOa6nY7Z4vSYXsBc9/N3frp3rUhnI0j1d33HvXPcBfejAJvXUPvegckbrh6y6JxhLX7fXGFJGXUvXt+tTb64hsAcCs9g/W7TUgwkYBAtJsifdR4GaGTvT44FA0unt3KHJWJKHCcS59QA71zdKJhYolWHvqzpNlCYt9ZHYHsVb/SZyeakLPTVRj/pNppXxyPbq2+yQUA+skM+HQ5794IHcdXTm3TdknOPW52tDXXN1Irs25+JXL7iwm8ICORYY3HcZPOsrfvJxDP08V8a8o8+10x7WqzLiHr+R0cc6ZwtXfL20yY3xrrnrUhkqT5a1IPAdV9cdhjaLlqpr1Mf40frVdVJm7es6RzLU575STq4hsCcCs9i/qmgBzCzg74E3M/acbOwiYRPYvZkQRgeyY+shax/y+pxRn4cYV5ucqj29r+rUxpookVUTm7JvvZrIsYOGL/WbI8+sweiDrbRRMh3ZXn2Tj3pPgto/+Ile5qGDxMw9NtG6DmXKnPeMVQeHV/WtqfvD/yamvkOGa65OZTqu666/pDAfzvSh34LNfcCVMfjKe33lWT0jxqM+7On7A92ORWZlov1buGL7tY31cp/KeSRDPq5JH+O6M87G2LpG9I/66Fc+cmx9neivfV3nSMaSPnXkGgJ7IDCL/auLlp6wHwlpZuySLgPcA2w0juTNQbLU6iHrGOZ4gJ3rGzHhAMKfmhh7X9XZk5b6amKz754rDNCrzfXb5uygR6+sa0Ie2V598+D2UO72+75/g0QGa0DrOrS/rjms8EF51beuczSfMXXN1dntdq7yec88nv2mTx/3XtUvf5+5Kk89I8a8Yz9RlNR2bn+w99DHvM62yljj/S25AP7GOPfune6fLF2//t51Zx1so4Jh1Mf40fqN1qn2dZ0jGUv6tDHXENgDgVnsX120GPA9eT4C1szYroNAJ0mRnAjoc81xS2PqIeuYeoCd6/PQ4WqTU7Wr91WdPWkppyY2++65asOIB7o8dKsOOJjAR8mUsXUMz9U333ugVNnca1Nl5Rzk0jqfEXP70DPy4yTo9384sPphzp6mDw5Vp8/Oh4F20acsfPbXHfuwwz7GMq/L03+utBFjD6xefCC/2nISUP6Rm7LLq1XfXpsLcAYfZQ3/JS6uzRITmbnnkS3/OmfUx9jR+rHm3Z7a13WOZCzpW/VCxrgQuJLALPavKloImp6Er7Tn7PCZsX0yhwRzSEKzZqIyEZEkmO/h1g9Z5I0OmFGfh+UWihYPZriZ4GXHO/yrxYXFDbxoo2QqK+RZzHaeJHt0yoi9JEuTcV0b9DKeMbSe1EfMGcd6jnw7CSn/IK/6yrM6LSrUiTyLBfXWwwuxyKrjKue6P5GNjXJCrnOVucTYufCiwbsyQla1gTHKcs5p4gb+wY9rGmsFV9dJ/vgNV3krk7Wu6+D+5Oq6ux+Z4x51jZb66Jc5cmy1QBn1dZ0jGSMblJVrCOyFwCz2zxYtTK4fkmsNWiAtJfFbAM6MrTLVW+2r991ObfVQYyyJxGTWD1nG4y9jahv1aXUnxIEAABoPSURBVAtXG/rRUQ+L3ld19qSlnFGy892tVw/naq+ysNf32M999WGUTJmrb8zBl+qbsusYxtVDwQOXft85njXqfEbMqx21UFB/vyLD/eDeruurThjgD3Y5rsuSmfuJ98hmfG3IdCzyuMcOxllELjFGjoWKc5lfdcCMZ97zwe7ROleb1niP7dc0mMEbvjZiBzl1n/mOq+8Zw1zY0Vz3Om9UMIz6mD9av1Ec176ucyRjSd/J6PwTAjshMIv9YdHyKt9nxr7KrujdDgEOdQ6gR7R+kDxCZmRcRiC54DJOGRUCeyMwi/0ULXtb8QP7w68c9RvzvShStNxL8Pb5s8R1u+TMDIEQWDOBWeynaFnz6sW2iwn45xv/xHLxxDMDU7ScgfPkV7PE9WT1ER8CIfAiArPYT9HyooWJ2hAIgWUCs8S1PDNvQiAEtkxgFvspWra8urE9BHZKYJa4dup23AqBwxOYxX6KlsNvkQAIgfURmCWu9Vkci0IgBB5BYBb7KVoeQTkyQiAEHkpglrgeqizCQiAEVkNgFvspWlazVDEkBEJAArPE5bhcQyAE9kVgFvspWva13vEmBHZBYJa4duFknAiBEPgTgVnsp2j5E7J0hEAIvJrALHG92r7oD4EQeA6BWeynaHkO90gNgRC4g8Ascd0hOlNDIARWTGAW+ylaVrx4MS0EjkpglriOyiV+h8DeCcxiP0XL3ndA/AuBDRKYJa4NuhSTQyAELiAwi/3VFS0YnE8YZA9kD2QPZA9kDxxzD5yrbVZXtJwzNu9CIASOQYDDKi0EQuB4BGaxn6LleHsiHofA6gnMEtfqHYiBIRACNxGYxX6KlpuwZlIIhMAzCcwS1zN1R3YIhMDrCMxiP0XL69YmmkMgBBYIzBLXwrR0h0AIbJzALPZTtGx8gWN+COyRwCxx7dHn+BQCIfB2+g9xznFI0XKOTt6FQAi8hECKlpdgj9IQeDmBWeynaHn5EsWAEAiBTmCWuPr4PIdACOyDwCz2U7TsY53jRQjsisAsce3K2TgTAiHwmcAs9lO0fEaVmxAIgbUQmCWutdgZO0IgBB5LYBb7KVoeyzvSQiAEHkBglrgeoCIiQiAEVkhgFvspWla4aDEpBI5OYJa4js4n/ofAXgnMYj9Fy15XfsGvH3/819s33/xt4W26Q2AdBGaJax1WbtuK5IJtr99erZ/FfoqWva78wK8PH74//TfwKVoGcNK1KgKzxLUqYzdoTHLBBhftICbPYv9s0fLp06c3NzeC+HDg/frrL0/BNzN2pLTb9913/xgN22wfawAX/Ly3/fDDP99e/e0KG3766d8nVx7pm2yQDS91fP31X9/4PLKx/9GBL0dtz2ZwbS74+PHj27ff/v20Lsz94ou/7G59Hhkva8gFR42d+H2ewCz2F4sWkhKBT5FCQrCZGDwU7H/EdWZs14EtX3315eciCpt5PvIvCT///J/PiRueflzDVxYtvaDo6/mI564jRcsjqP5ZxtqKFuOeg53GPmfvH7mwxHfj3yucbK/MBdqQawh0AuzVc22xaDEJjCZzENTNPxpzS9/M2CqTQ5jxPSkZqB7SdU7uf0vmryrqekHxjPXoOlK0PIPy2+mLwij+HqXtmlxggULBXptfampf7v9LIEXLf1nkbj0EZrE/LFqWkoBu8S3rEX+uUJ7XmbGOO3fth9a5sUvvLHywh4+FUf15loPf97CASe2DYW+M82dr53KoMrfqRI7fGKtO5FUZyEIOBSR+X9JmiWop0aOj/ukNOfTpR32HHfiFLK6OqVfedd+YRx/vHIuOypJitHJmnOvD/L7+tWhBFnN7ox+dSw2Z+gpz1mCkt9rFvYUz9jPeZ/S43vWghSF6aPKjTxZVZh2r3bzHvtqQV9emykOu68Ac14Mx7i3Zzhj0det8qk2X3DP/3uY6YdstrfsES/eirNBR153nveSCW5hlTgjcS2AW+8OixaR1r/Jr58+MvUSeh4EHBMnWBIz8/jEpK9tExzya8riaqJDR36ODZEXzYNCGU+fvBQdzSXI05HkYemgyB1nIcAxzsIumfchgPs3DyudT58I/JF31j4Z4wNbDFL+wwYTtGNlhM35UuRYrzkEGzCo7eeob9jAPWbKzgJEt72TFeNdHPV1HLVocq2zmc19960z8c5s2Yodrpv+OqWsGC8bh40gH77texqtHfspEBu/pp7kG1Rf3uX3qda/CjfnuE3wZ7TX6mMuHsfqnbSMGyMY+dbsOMupcZ8+wube5Bspx/ZE9+rjHHA+r6lPdi+5d5MhX+fBT1pZzgRxyDYH3JDCL/WHRYgJ6T0PRNTP2EntIMthv8yAleXgQk4w85BznlYTjHPu8mqiqfJITdnu4MNY+k5nzSfqMNaHRbyI02dvn4aRODwxl6AvjPSC6PvVee4WB+phLMqbPBuPOyENU37C/zmFut7P75uG4dNB1HchUhvy7DuyoLLGpyu++6aPXfvDRzxzWUTmjMdhVOcJMG5HBu9qn767riJ9rj2z2Cza4j5mHPOTaV31zvDbrH3qYR5Nl3d/0j/zrDJDT94Q6brni2z3NGNRfnuVf9wN6auyp0/Vwvv1eR6zUqR7G2tdj07XkvW2NuUDbcg2B9yIwi/1dFS0kCxIwCYVGojApkBC8Z0xPIoy/NFHVA92kVJPbqA/5Jirtow+7OGhqq30mR3WOZKjPw6rKuuUe/R5kzOeePtrS4df7ORg8HLShFxTdNw9CD27n9St+woEPtrHJta/r6HZ033jv3K6HZ9amHkL0yds1H41hXNWNDNfZAoP5cube930uzzT5eMgy10KBd+jgWXu59/3vIk62y453sFNvXw/njPzrDNyXsMSWe9sscc3kw776Xm2SuXu2xqNyZb20F0esOhNkjfrol1fVDTvXQjtqX9c5kqG+R+UC7cg1BN6LwCz2h0ULwdCD5z0Mnhl7zgaSDDYTtKNGEjNBLI3zwKsJrsrqSYN3Jok6Z9TH2FGSqUlJXbWv6xzJWNKnvGuvJDzWgoTNh3uToLroG32wj1YPbPXLlyttyTd0jBrjkYteDiR0aR/MaF1Ht8P3zPPQ0reus9vnexmw5ktjGItN6KdpJ1fmUVjYhx34ow+M73bTxzx8lw/Pxinz8YM+D2Xe8WxDPvORDTvGc6+MkS+jPuRVBspHF3a4L7i3wHLMpVdk3NrQi1/Y3ht9vKPhg773ccaZrPv7EZcRk1EfspRfbWR9uj21r+scyVjS1+3PcwislcAs9odFS03sS46RoG5NSEsyZ8YuzTN4PQxH42oy4H6UjDxEaqKvsnrS4N0oSYz6GKudW0hUMMJePpXd7KCXFweDh4N97ivXqfOEO3uAdRg13mNL3XfK8MDvOkZ2cKhTNChvpMs+9PnLhX19fUdjGNt1Mw6dFhiMoY/iwas6+lz65ePedb9yZT5c7EMmLGVV+9XBFT3MpcmSNa+N9zMGdTz3srWA6u9nz7fkAuyHLTr1u+uBA2NocutjeJY1Y0ZtxKrvC+aN+ujfUi4Y+Z++EHgWgVnsD4sWjCHwDe5unAcZgfvINjO26zJJkVRN5H0MzySemjzPjefdkt9HSlQUATAb7QP6LBLkDWPWz4JkdOiawB3TeSqDA2PU6rdO3ztHey4pWty/rLPzlNevvK97h/ceaNqJnD4G3/phzzi4wMlD1bm1Dx0jfuqtex0djK366eO59o3mooexfGh9PU6dv/9iVGXRrzwZOLZe5Vz7Lr2/NhfABBthgR9LDXstwNg7+t7Hu6+W/Buxcn/XOaM+dKVo6cTzHAK/EZjF/mLRQrAR0CRVEyyBShJHKN/kHt1mxnZ9HgAkmHMNH0xUjCO5kVjwsftBP3Z4sMoBv4+UqPymPlpr35mc2R/9kO3PcDeBM585I54e4u4514Or93Vt3AMWH5cULdox8q3vI8e6f3hm/zBX/z3gHINf+EH86Adytb8WAMxBFuNrG/FzPjbYmMd8ddPf7aNPPzgsadrIXA/u0XrUueoYMUAntiCDht/0uS6nziv+wa5LG7rwAX3qH83lHWOMeeahB39gW9eK+fjDePvlz3XESsa8t436eJeiRUK5hsAfCcxif7FoQQzBalJFEB8CmUCszQDs/XXMJfczY6sMDyft6lcTh+NqYWPywZdR870ya6Knz2fmjpLSqI+xcqqJlaTuoaEtta8nx5GMJX3Ku/WKXXyqvcoi8ZPQZYTNddzo0GUu45jD++6bsh3DOHS4lryv+9F3Hi68d7250pbsYE7nfpow+AdZyMEe5rgG1S7GIFMe3HvYKbIXN/T3AtCxI7vdlzXO7PMgZr6M6p6vurQRP5yPrUvrwdwZA+ZX/9FhkaNP11yZf2lzPfSrX+XFOPZM3afuNd6Nmu+R6X5j3IjVKA5HfczX5m5L35Pot6/rHMlY0jfyLX0hsEYCs9g/W7S8t0MzY9/bnujbLwEOIA6EtHUSSC5Y57rEqhB4NoFZ7KdoefYKRP7qCPCrAYHhN/DVGRiDTusTDCEQAscjkKLleGsejxcI+PM6QVH/nLIwPN0vJDBLXC80LapDIASeSGAW+/ml5YnwIzoEQuA2ArPEdZvUzAqBEFg7gVnsp2hZ+wrGvhA4IIFZ4jogkrgcAocgMIv9FC2H2AZxMgS2RWCWuLblTawNgRC4lMAs9lO0XEoy40IgBN6NwCxxvZshURQCIfCuBGaxn6LlXZcjykIgBC4hMEtcl8jImBAIge0RmMV+ipbtrWksDoHdE5glrt0DiIMhcFACs9hP0XLQjRG3Q2DNBGaJa822x7YQCIHbCcxiP0XL7WwzMwRC4EkEZonrSWojNgRC4MUEZrGfouXFCxT1IRACfyYwS1x/npGeEAiBPRCYxX6Klj2scnwIgZ0RmCWunbkbd0IgBH4nMIv91RUtGJxPGGQPZA9kD2QPZA8ccw+cq+BWV7ScMzbvQiAEjkGAwyotBELgeARmsZ+i5Xh7Ih6HwOoJzBLX6h2IgSEQAjcRmMV+ipabsGZSCITAMwnMEtczdUd2CITA6wjMYj9Fy+vWJppDIAQWCMwS18K0dIdACGycwCz2U7RsfIFjfgjskcAsce3R5/gUAiHwdvoPcc5xSNFyjk7ehUAIvIRAipaXYI/SEHg5gVnsp2h5+RLFgBAIgU5glrj6+DyHQAjsg8As9lO07GOd40UI7IrALHHtytk4EwIh8JnALPZTtHxGlZsQCIG1EJglrrXYGTtCIAQeS2AW+ylaHss70kIgBB5AYJa4HqAiIkIgBFZIYBb7KVpWuGjPNOnHH//19s03f3umisgOgbsJzBLX3Qoi4C25IJtgjQRmsZ+iZY2r9iSbPnz4/vSfk6VoeRLgiH0YgVniepiigwpKLjjowm/A7VnsD4uWn3769+L/00I2+7PazNhn6T2K3B9++Ge+XR1lsTfuZ3LBcxcwueC5fCP9dgKz2D9btFC81Pbrr7+8ff31X0+f2v+o+5mxIz1+Y2Aun++++8do2Gb7Pn36dPLrUcXiq38SJlm6rx7tG4tswa2OZ+7XLW2qL774y9u33/59MyZfmws+fvx48s88gL/stT21R8fLq3PBntYmvjyOwCz2rypaMIvkQEJ41CFaXZ0ZW8dyTxL+6qsv3yimaFx5PvKfP37++T/DX8lYN9orE1UvKE4GPfifriNFy2+A9160GPcc7DT2Oflkb4XLNeGC7xZxXuFke2Uu0IZcQ6ATmNUBVxctKODXjLr5u9Jbn2fGVrkcwozvSclA9ZCuc3KfouWoe2DPRYsFCgV7bX6pqX25/y+BFC3/ZZG79RCY1QE3FS3PKgxmxl6CtX/TvmROH6N/2FMLo/rzLL/m+J5fnfiVp/aREHpjnD9bO5dfAphbdSLHb4xVJ/KqDGQhhwLSP4d0nf15lqiWEj066p/ekEOfftR36MQvZHF1TL3yrvvGPPp451h0VJYUo5Uz42Bn6+tff2lBFnN7ox+dowZvdLgejGG9qt66JtqNHsbRsJ/+Wki73vWg7V8GGOMaM7/KRG5nrG+dkfZVH9Wvva7HyeAV/INd97bR2l0j89xerHsX7nJE515ywTWsMjYEHkVgFvs3FS0mYZPyexl7iR6TsQcEh1hN/CYXr4yvzURnEaA8riYq5vb36JAHhw9jtEH5yvZwQZ4HvwcKc5BlEaBO5tKqDN7RkMccn0+dN/7j2tbDFL/wx+LBMbLD5l4QWKw4Bxm9oOi+YTLzkCU7uKBbtr3AcH3U03XUosWxykYf99W3jk3ela089N8x6FJ2XZORDg867UYvvrnOyK57Cv2y0Uaeq+3Yxbi6Fjyryz0mB/cw9nWu6njVFb/ubfiNXzb9Rvbo4x5zvLxd07oX4aoMOSq/rtuWc4Eccg2B9yQwi/3dFS09+ZK4aCQPD2KSUT0s6oKQcJxT+7k3UZn86fMAs8iofSYz5Xi41eRoIjQxMpY+bKSp08NMGfrCmH5Qnybe8Q8M1IcYD1BF1kPRPniy2fQN+5FTW7ez+4ZPyEDfqHUdjFGG/LsO7KgssanK7751vfJGj801V45j6powvuqCmTYih3e1T9+V0fcxc9TjXhkxxiYYOoZ52uu+RU5fG31by3WWuGZ26rNrxLP8637orJTrejjffq/uO5nSr0711L6t5gL9zTUE3ovALPZvKlpGifERDs2MnekgWZDsPWBIFCQSGsnFe8b0JMKYSxMVSd9moqrJbdTHeA8d7aMPu/oBUvtMjuocyVDfUiGmrZde0Q8jWz1AOQxZp+ov43p/LRaU0wuK7pv7yoPbef2Kn3Dgg23Yg820rqPb0X3jvXO7Hp7P8ZYBY/oaMhfZFsDsTcfgH3YzX87c+1474KOf2IiffNzH3Tfmdf+UhWz9lBG2IX+NDT/vaZU9clwr7mXunq3xqE7GY8PSXux7l3nGYdU16mPsaF+xPn0P1L6ucyRDfY/KBfLINQTei8As9m8qWpYS471OzYw9J9+kb0LvY0liJicSw2icybwmnSqnJw3emSTqnFEfY0dJpiYlddW+rnMkY0mf8q69+osGCZsP62ISVBd9ow/20UYHqny50pZ8Q8eoMR656PXA1T6Y0bqObofvmeehpW8jnZfwZkw/bJBVdWsnV/YKRYx92IE/+sBcxuAncpHPs7bIp8rX9lEf75BT5cOBZ9eQea6Lsl55xa5bGyzxh/3Sm3uIfjiO1o13nfVIDjYyzmZs7CkX6FuuIfBeBGaxf3XRQoIl0GtgPsqZmbFLekww55JuTU7cm/irTA+RJd/6IcvcvSYqGMGVT2V3yUEPl9HhacHgOnWecGcPsA6jxntswQabMjyQu46RHXzTpmhQnrJGV/cWemx9n3RGjkM3B6gN29FJn4USfdx7rWOxsTZtce+OfIODvyTUuciXUe3nHv3Ign1l28e95/MtuYA1gi3+L/nB2rkm3MNl1GZ70X3Hmtj2mgv0L9cQeA8Cs9i/qmjhQOiJ+JFOzIztukxSJB4TeR/DM8mpJvJz43lnUuuyjpSoPPzg1nnQ1w9AD3ILktGBalJ3TOepDA6MUUNnP2Scoz2XFC0WGfjlvJE++jy86iHIIc9e1c5eTDAP37DVMfShrxcH9METeeqQU53rfMa510eMR/Yq75yvcoPnGtq1uQAf4QgT2C81+FgM4mvfT85zX/U18H3fu/TLuc4Z9THWPVNtHe3v2td1jmQs6dPuXENg7QRmsX+2aGFy/RDgBEpvBg8Bc0+bGdtlewDMEi0Hg4kKGSQ3Egv2+o1X2fRjhwcrY/Cb5NGTBnNGSWLUx1g5bSFReTDDojPyncmZw7YfoP25smI+c0Y8PcQ9wF0Prt7XtXEPeCB7+DrmnB0j39wHXpXnvmdtLTL033XFdtdWP3xGnvYz38a+xA7G18aY2qcOxmIDbeQb/c5FNx/kME9G6GSMcpijvSfBK/gHey9t7BViFJ8q7z6fd4xxPzNPnqyNe855MrHf9eOKLOa6L5gzivtRH2Ndz2pvLVC0ofZ1nSMZS/qUl2sIrJ3ALPaHRcurnJoZW+3yMGHO6ENioTmuFjYmn3ooVNm+V66JqScN5oySxKiPsaMkU5OSNtS+rnMkY0mf8m69chDwqYlVWSR+DgAZYXMdt3SgMo45vO++KdsxjEOHa8l7D/n6zsOF9643V9qSHczBt0ta3Q/I81m7XJNqG/I97NTht3fG2XoBaD9r2vk61kN3yTf0ot+1wT58haut2sq4kb2OfcUVmy5t8tfffoUljXEwrfvUvca7UfM9MuteHO3dURyO+rQFmd2WvifRb1/Xqd9VxpK+kW/pC4E1EiAuzrXNFi3nnMq7EJgR4ACqh/hs/Ln3o8Pj3Pi8mxOYJa65hIwIgRDYIoFZ7Kdo2eKqxua7CPhrjN/A7xK28AvavTKPPn+WuI7OJ/6HwF4JzGI/RcteVz5+/YmAP68TFP6J5U+DbujILy03QJtMmSWuyfS8DoEQ2CiBWeynaNnowsbsENgzgVni2rPv8S0EjkxgFvspWo68O+J7CKyUwCxxrdTsmBUCIXAngVnsp2i5E3Cmh0AIPJ7ALHE9XmMkhkAIrIHALPZTtKxhlWJDCITAHwjMEtcfBuchBEJgNwRmsZ+iZTdLHUdCYD8EZolrP57GkxAIgUpgFvspWiqt3IdACKyCwCxxrcLIGBECIfBwArPYT9HycOQRGAIhcC+BWeK6V37mh0AIrJPALPZTtKxz3WJVCByawCxxHRpOnA+BHROYxX6Klh0vflwLga0SmCWurfoVu0MgBM4TmMX+6ooWDM4nDLIHsgeyB7IHsgeOuQfOlTWrKlrOGZp3IRACIRACIRACxyaQouXY6x/vQyAEQiAEQmAzBFK0bGapYmgIhEAIhEAIHJtAipZjr3+8D4EQCIEQCIHNEEjRspmliqEhEAIhEAIhcGwC/w82MQRfreHcLQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A compressed spring is used to launch an object along a horizontal frictionless surface. When the spring is compressed through a distance <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
<mi>x</mi>
</math></span> and released, the object leaves the spring at speed <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="v">
<mi>v</mi>
</math></span>. What is the distance through which the spring must be compressed for the object to leave the spring at <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span>?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{x}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{x}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{x}{{\sqrt 2 }}">
<mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x\sqrt 2 ">
<mi>x</mi>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A sky diver is falling at terminal speed when she opens her parachute. What are the direction of her velocity vector and the direction of her acceleration vector before she reaches the new terminal speed?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The graph shows the variation of velocity of a body with time along a straight line.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZcAAAC4CAYAAAAv66FaAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAABo2SURBVHhe7d0NVJR1vgfwL+i2RYokemLG1yVTu8fUBMnWSqQEvXtKD1y39CR4w6yTVFdXwIxWvde3gKPlmidTPIrkZl44abcUNBZP2LoEvrSWSuiaGqOL4hvRZgp3fn+ekRfhkZdnxmGe7+ecOcw8joAM/r/z+796VduBiIjIQN7aRyIiIsMwXIiIyHAMFyIiMhzDhYiIDMdwISIiwzFciIjIcAwXHeXl5do9IiJqCYZLEyRY/P39kZOTo10hIqLmYrg0YenSpepjUlISKxgiohZiuDTiwIEDKC4uVvfj4uLw3nvvqftERNQ8DJcGfvrpJ0yfPh3Jycnq8cSJE1FQUKACh4iImofh0kBaWhomTJiA/v37q8d33XUX5s+frwJHgoeIiG7NieFyDbasl+DlNRqpRRXatTayZSHGywv9Uovsn92uohg7U1dgq009MsSuXbswc+ZM7VGNoUOHqu6xU6dOaVeIiEiPE3dFlnCJgzXqKFIKP8HsoE7adaM4Pj+QWboSkZaO2nXjeNmDjJtGExG1HLvFiIjIcI2Hy+VcJFqtiFh3BFXaJVFVvA4RXsFIzD1X89hWgA2JEeodvtysMcuxs/iy+rNGVRQjd10iRmvP97LGIDWrCLZ6X8SGog11nuMVgcQNBTXPudEtlou9qWPsVctq+8XViLL+Cv2WrsF7EVZ4RaxDcb3PdwTr7NetibnQ+c6IiMhAjYeL72BETLEiZ/OXKLnRUP8LJfk7kGMJR0RwV3tQFGDZ5Al4/czT+Fvpz6i+fhoZPXYgPHQusn64qv2dOqq+R9ZrUXgi6RymHL6E6uqfUZoRiE+jnsLkZQWoGZW5iKJlLyB46gE88vlpXK++hMNpPbFx6gRMXV836LogePZOlGa+aL//IjJLf0HJnCkIe+ZRIGcH8kv+VfM0u6qSL7E5x4opEYPhq10jIiLnaqJbrCuCI8JhqdtQV51A/uZ8WKY8iWDfqyj+KBXxeY9i4RuxCLHcYf9MPRA2JxEJeBdxK/IbVAlVuJy3GnHrgOdX/hFTB0ozfwcsYa8hNWUY8uJT8VGx/etc3oePln0KS0Ii5oT1sH9zvhj4fBpKq0uR/fzAW/Th3Yl+j45FOPKxOf+EFkQNApGIiFyiifba3qwHP4kplnxs3Pa1qirqVwBlOLR7H3BfCIYE3lnzV4Tv/Xh4zH2wZe7Dd/UmcF3FmRMlsOEBjBx0b50v6ov7hw2GBcdx9HQFrn23D5k2Cx4cYEVrhv+9+z+NxAR7xbVxO/ZX2OOlXiDqRxOZnNbl6ujirXuzxqQiq8hWr4uYiPQ13eJqXWN5yz5GweXK+hVA1Y+4eKYSOBaP4F/V/Y/YG1Hpx7RPUNc1XCkvs3/sCr/OdWd1ecOnS1f44CLOXHSsIfFBgN/dOt+YHq3iyvsAHxWUs0uMWug+RGeeVDMEb9xUd+9ORAW/hvVSXRNRs+i04VpDbctB9t8K6lcA3nfDL8AHCE/D0et1/iM6biWzEVRvZnBHdO7a3f6xHBev1C1pqlB5qRyV8LMHyl3atWPYc/yfNetYWsxRcRVhY/ZeFLJLjNrK0d1r2YLF275p5e8lkfnohIujoS5FQcYabKxXAXTHoFHDbho8d8zMumnGFu5AQN9+sOAw9hw6W6d74TK+2/c1bAjEgJ6d0PH+YYiyAJVll+yB00q+v0XswomwbVyCxDR2iZEBfLqgu/29VJt+L4lMRr/VdXSNpW9CXr0K4E70i3gWz9vfzSUtSkOB7ao9WGwoeGcJknKGIWVxJPrX+8z2oAp9ESufB9bF/TfWH5Hh/quw5b6D2fH7EJoyG7/vf6f96w3D72f9Drbkt7A09wd7CFWh4sgGxFi9dKYSH8Xx0rM4VvxPLbS0gX3bl8j7kl1i1HZVxw9i57HWjwUSmdEt3tJrXWP2ew0rAO8ekVhT9DcsCdiGh62/hlcHKx7eFoAlhWswK8hPe1Yd3n0Q+U4mPl/YDRsf6AIvr1/D+txx/C7zE2yaFaL9p/VD0Kw1KFw/FH99oic6eHVA5wc2IWDh58h7M7RBSHTEvY9MwbLoc4gP7onH0g5p05ntX6rfb/FMuP27ZpcYtZGs5dqYthk5lki8GBF4q/8wRKRx4vYvt5F0z40LQ9LQDBx5K6zVlYtMUvDEHw81QmaLWaOQrj2sZUFowkK8GfsfCOvPGpiouTwwXKS7bQkmP/EVfleYgdmNVVHNxHBpndOnT6OyshJlZWU4e/asulZRUYFDhw6p+3V988036N27Nzp37qxdqTVixAj1sVOnTujbty98fHzQs2dPdc1wKlwSgMy/YENkL+0iEbWWZ4XLjXef4UjIfAdvRg5sUx85w0WfHKh24sQJnDlzRgVHXl4evvrqK4wfP14dWeDn54eBAwdqzwYCAwNVQNR16dIldOnSRXtUS8Lp+PHj6n5paSlOnjypvt7WrVsxbdo0/OY3v1Gfe9CgQTeOR2gThguRoTyzW8wgDJdactTz4cOHsX//fhw8eBBr165VjfyQIUNgtVpVI9+tWzd07er8MS4JGamK6n4v8fHxePLJJxEcHNy674HhQmQohosOs4eLNOJ79+7FF198caMBl64qw6oFgziCb/fu3fj4449V4MkJoo899pg67K1ZGC5EhmK46DBjuEig5OTkID09XVUkkZGRKlDcKUxuZc+ePSpo3njjDfzpT39SJ4vecqyG4UJkKIaLDrOEi7zzl/ESCRQhgRIWFua8wXMXcfy7li5ditDQUNWN155Ckqg9Y7jo8PRwcVQpr7zyinqHHx4e7pGN708//YTt27ffCJk5c+a4ZGyIyMwYLjo8NVwkVGQMRd7VS0MrDa4ZGltHyERFRSEzMxPjxo1TYzIydbqgoEA9JyQkpN1XbETugOGiw9PCxREq8vHll19u2YC3B5HuMqli5OcwdOhQrF69Wk2nFjJ9+g9/+AOSkpLUYyJqHYaLDk8JF0dj6qhUZEyFgOTkZBUiv/zyi3alRvfu3ZGamoro6GjtChG1FLdK8mDSDSSD9P7+/mrGl8ygYrDU+vbbb28KFiFraN59913tERG1BsPFQx04cACTJk1SK+fPnz+vQsWMXWB6ZHeApjjGYIiodRguHkaqlcWLF2P69OmYP3++6vrhzKjG6Q3cjx07VrtHRK3BcPEgMkAt1YqQLjAZrKamyRRsGV9pqEOHDpg6dar2iIhag+HiIbKysvDcc8+pLVrmzp3LLrBmkDU9H374odqVuU+fPggICFDXX3/9dTz77LOqa5GIWoezxXS0h9li0g02b948XLhwQX3kGo2Wk5/hqVOn1P1evXqpYJYtZGbOnKlCmz9TopZjuOhw93CRxX9xcXFqN+DY2FhWKwZjwBC1HsNFhzuHi6PhW7hwodq2hZzD8XOWMSyGN1HzMVx0uGu4OBq8999/n4P2LrBy5Up1bsyKFSsYMETNxHDR4Y7hIg2dLIxkV41rJSQkqIF/6YYkolvjbLF2xPEOeseOHQwWF1uwYAF27dqldpEmoltj5aLDnSoXds3cfjKBQmaTycwyhjuRPlYu7QCDxT1IoGRnZ6uuMZm+TERNY7i4OQaLe3EcqLZlyxbtChE1ht1iOm53txiDxT3JEQay91hGRgaPTSZqAisXN8VgcV+yEejy5cvVDDJ2jxE1juHihmSascxMYrC4r5EjR7J7jEgHu8V03I5uMW450n44usf4WhHdjOGiw9XhIrvwyjksbKzaD3mttm/fjjVr1mhXiEiwW8xNyBoKCRbpy2ewtB9ywqcciywVJxHVYuWiw1WViwwKyyFfL7/8MjehbIfkkDY5S4ebWxLVYuXiBl599VW1bT6DpX2Sgf3Q0FDVPUZENVi56HBF5eKYcsw++/ZNBvf9/f1x/vx5NVWZyOwYLjqcHS6yCWJSUhK7UzyEvFEQ3DmZiOGiy5nhwk0QPY+MnY0aNYor94nsOOZyG0gjJLOM8vPzGSweRKrPOXPmYO3atdoVIvNiuNwG8+bNQ3R0tFrlTZ5l3LhxyMvLUzPIiMyM4eJisujuwoULiI2N1a6QJ2H1QlSD4eJCsgJ/6dKlqnLhAL7nki5PqVxYvZCZMVxcRKaqcgW+ecTHxyMlJUV7RGQ+DBcXkYqF4yzmIa8zt4UhM2O4uADHWcyJ1QuZGcPFyaTfneMs5uSoUlm9kBkxXJxI1rPIaYUcZzEvVi9kVgwXJ5JQCQkJ4TiLibF6IbNiuDiJ7BtWUFCgTpUkc5PqZevWrdojInNguDiB7BsmG1ImJydznIVU9cJ1L2Q2DBcnWLBggVqlzc0LyUGqF67aJ32XUZy7GakxD6pNc9XNGoPU/81DcUWV9pz2g+FisPT0dPVRVmkTObB6IV1VPyB37kQMeO4z4LlMXKmuRnX1zyj9ZDzwySsY8NT/INd2VXty+8At93W0dMt9aTjkuNsdO3bwwCi6iQzqy9iLdJcS1bqKH7JmYXjUCcwqzMDsID/tuqaiAKlPTcCywJX4ak0kerSTkoCVi0Fk2rEEi8wQY7BQY1i9UKMu52NF3LtAwixMbxgsolMwpr85FVj3IbJL/qVddH8MF4NIqEyYMIHTjkkXx16ooWvf7UOmLQhTIgbDV7tWnzd8HwjGGORjc/4JtJfRF4aLATjtmJqL1QvVV4XKS+WoRGd073Kndq0R3fvgwftsOFb+I8PFLDjtmFqK1QuZAcOljTjtmFrKUb3I+T5kdt7w6dIVPriCsks64yll3+Pvx7T77QTDpQ1k2vE999zDacfUYlK9zJ8/X3tEZtbx/mGIshRhY/bXuKxdq68Klw8XYieCEDWsDzpqV90dw6WV5F3nypUrVdVC1FKOiR/cc4zg+yheXTkDSF6G94suahfPITcxGF6jE7EhNwur/mc9bJZwRAS3o5moss6FGtfUj+f8+fPVw4cPr96/f792hajl8vPzq8ePH689IlO7frr689fDq2GJrk7JOVp9Ra5d+Xt1WvQg1Q4B4dWvf366+rp6cvvAyqUV5HyWuLg4DB06VLtC1HKsXugG7x4IW7wFRzP+HciIQmfZ+qXzg4hNPwTL5GhMtuRgyXNzsSyrCLZ2Ml2MK/R1NLZCX06V3L59O1asWMHZYdRmMrAvi293797N3ydqWpUNRZ/8Fad7PoKngiztYjyD4aKjYbg4GgIJGB7+RUaRA+VGjBjBiSHkUUzXLVZlK8CGxIiaHUflJruONqPULC8vv7G9C4OFjDRt2jTV1SpbCBF5CpOFyznkvf0yphYEIfPoJXtV8jNKMwLxadRTmLr+iO7K18TERERHR3N7FzKcrJGS3620tDTtCpmNvHmVnhFZlG202/WmxVzhcvlrZG8sRfiUaEzoL7v43AFL6DOYEg7k7P4WZ2uedRPHNvoyiE/kDJMnT1a/Z85oXMi9vf322/D398eoUaMwevRoPPzww4b+Hkhvi3S9SoC5kqnCpWaDOCuG9u1W+w/37okhYwYAOwtx+PLNtYvM5JH1LG+99ZZ2hch4spO2rJmSiSJkHqtWrcLixYvV/TNnzqCkpETtU/j4448bVnHInoeDBg3C2LFj1T6IrmKicGlqg7iO6Ny1O2Arx8Ufbw4XeWEyMjK4jT453bhx41TXCKcmm8eMGTNQVlamPar1j3/8A5999pn2qG1kFqJ0u8pEpC1btuCFF15wSYVsotli12DLioM16ihSCj/B7KBODa4DmaUrEWmp3VxBBvyJiDzRqVOnnDo5yWQD+i0n2csbb668LVq0CBs2bGj0z3jznFtlZaXWyjTu/fffb/TvtfYmX09+r4YPH47s7Gynz3o1Ubh4426/rrBoj2pdw5WLrh3oItLz0ksvqXE+6SIjzyXdVTINvTEBAQGIiorSHrWd7IU4adIk1R0mx7CHh4drf+I8pgqXxre2todLeRlg6Qq/u1nI0e0n43sLFy5UM3y49sWzyQSO3r174+6779au1Pjggw8MG+eVWYjTp09Xu3DPnTvXZePHpmpNa7a2LsWBE+dq17RUncbBnUeBB/uhZyeGC7kHeWcp619kAJY8l7y+zzzzjOqmkm6wbdu24fz58wgLC9Oe0XbyuWR7IVfvhWiy7V9kG+uxeGLjEKTlLsfzA4HirKV4MeoTBGb+H9ZE9qmXto3tLUbkKrIuQaaPymxFHkbneRzbSUk3lSfORjXZW/VuCP2vVVg/5TRiH+hiD48uGBBVhJD1aVg4oX6wNKa1W8cQtQa7xzyXvJ6O7aQ8MVgEN67UUb9y0aqegnBkrp6DyP53wpa7BJOfWI070nKx3V4GsVONnEHCRfrluUOE5zDDa8r2sLlauXUMUVstWLBADcpycaVnkFXy0iUWGxurXfFMDJdmas3WMURGkCmrMu4iu0Vw77H2TV6/iIgINdXc08/vYbg0S+u2jiEyigzoy95j0o3C8Zf2SV43ef1csYDRHTBcmqUKP14sh017VMseLn7cc4xcQw4TCwkJwbx587Qr1J7I6yavnysWMLoDhgtROyJdYxcuXFDdKtR+yKaR8rrJ6+c8VagozkZq6mfaG+FTyIrpB69+qSi6pi64FMOlWbh1DLkH6aeX4x84wN9+yNYrctKoVC7OHWf5ATmLZiD+744dSHohckMJqktmI6h2P16XYbg0C7eOIfch6yLknbC8C2bAuDcZwJetV2T1vdmOR2eL2EzcOobciTRUMoPs0Ucf5QaXbkoG8GUauUzEcPrWK9eKkNqvN6LSjwHpUbB6jUZq0bf1u8VsWYjxsmJ04gqkxjyoLQZ/EDHLv0Dxkew61yKQmHUEFTWf2e4qbEUbkTjaWvt3UrNRXKE/iYktYnP5DkbEFCtyklKw/shl+4XLKP44HRtz/PH8i0+gH3+S5GIygyw/P1+t9OYUZfcj3WBDhgxREzGcrmMQZpecRGb0fUB0Jkqr/4LZQZ21P6zLhrzkT1EeswPXqy+gMKUP0mc9jgFhm9BhRg6uXz+Nz18HkqP+iI+KpZemChVF72JycDLOPL0Fpdercb10GXp8+p8Ife1j/KCTL2wSm61tW8cQOcPIkSPVFiLSgDFg3IdMuJABfHdcKGlJSMScsB72NssPDz0dCZm7ZpkSg9gQC7y9e+DxqDG4D/uw+1CZPVuK8dHcFOSFz8Qbr42Exd7QeVuewJw3pwLrFmNF3rmaT9oItokt4G0JQcxb2XUO4MnGWzEh6gdOdLvUDRgZPKbbSyZb7Nq1S22n744LJX26d4GPdt+7sx8C7FEy5uH7IfuO3OTst9idY8N9Y4Yg8EY75w3fB4IxBkXI3Pc9mpqIxmaRyAM4Auahhx7iIP9tJD97qVo8ZQV+1ZWLOGP/eCw+GL9S4y3azRqF9JqnNInhQuQhJGDkXHSZRSb7V5FrSbDIz15m8nnKzLCaysaC8LTDuH6jx6b2VjI7CE3Ncma4EHkQadSkcVu1ahUXWrqQJwaLcu+/YZRszrv5S5TUGbyvKl6HCC8rItYdqZ092wDDhcjDSOP25z//GSdPnsQLL7ygDh0j53G7YNlzHKUXv0ex7WftQht4ByLixUhYcpZj0Tt71NlVVbY9eGfRcuSExmPx7/s3GSIMFyIPJP39ycnJeOyxx9Rplhzodw73CpZ78ciMmYiujEfwPVFIO3xJu94Wd6BH5DIUFSYgYNtEWDt4oYN1IrYFJKBw0wwE6azv42FhOmTgij8eau8kWGSVuOzIO3HiRI8YaHYHMq6VlJTkeV1hBmHlQuThZHW4nNN+6NAhTJo0iSv6DSDjWQwWfaxcdLByIU/jeLfNKqZ1ZEsXWXkvCyTddR2Lu2DlQmQicpaIVDGymn/UqFGcstwC8jOTys/Pz4/B0gysXHSwciFPJt1jCQkJ6v78+fOdv7liO+ao+BYuXGiaw77aiuGig+FCZiAznlJSUtRGmNOmTVMfqYZ0g8nOBwUFBWr2HX82zcdw0cFwITNxhIyIj49XK/7NzDHNmONTrcNw0cFwITOSRnX9+vU4ePCgOoskNDRUHVBmFtJduHbtWvWR1UrrMVx0MFzIzKRxlbGGV155BYsWLVITAIYNG+ax7+BlJ4NNmzapXY0lVF1yDosH42wxImqUvGOXLqHKykoVLFLN+Pj4YPHixaq6kfEITyCzwGTdir+/P3x9fbF7924GiwFYuehg5UJUn7y7LywsxJYtW1TXkYzNjBgxAiEhIe1qMaEE4759+7B161bk5eWZsvvP2RguOhguRE1zNND79+9Xh2NJQ+0Im0GDBqFXr15u1YUm3+/Ro0fV0dDS9SVHEE+dOtWju/puJ4aLDoYLUfNJVXP48GEcO3ZMbTUjM8+GDx+uKgIJnE6dOqFv377o1q2bSyoECRM530a+l71796rvR6Zay8yv4OBgVilOxnDRwXAhahsZzzh37hyOHz+OI0eO4OLFizemO48fP16N68iK94EDB6prQqqehmSsp2G3W9090mRcSL5GRUWFChP5M0clJZ9v8ODBGDBgACsUF2K46GC4EDmPIxzKyspw9uxZdb+0tFSdQ9OQIyzqkirknnvu0R5BVUciMDBQVUfcUPL2YrjoYLgQEbUOpyITEZHhGC5ERGQ4hgsRERmO4UJERIZjuBARkeEYLkREZDiGCxERGY7hQkREhmO4EBGR4RguRERkOIYLEREZjuFCRESGY7gQEZHhGC5ERGQ4hgsRERmO4UJERIZjuBARkeEYLkREZDiGCxERGY7hQkREhmO4EBGR4RguRERkOIYLEREZjuFCRESGY7gQEZHhGC5ERGQ4hgsRERmO4UJERIZjuBARkeEYLkREZDiGCxERGY7hQkREhmO4EBGR4RguRERkOIYLEREZjuFCRESGY7gQEZHhGC5ERGQ4hgsRERmO4UJERIZjuBARkeEYLkREZDiGCxERGY7hQkREhmO4EBGR4RguRERkOIaLjurqau0eERG1BMOFiIgMx3AhIiLDMVyIiMhwDBciIjIcw4WIiAwG/D80ahEkyes6zAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is correct for this graph?<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. The maximum acceleration is at P.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. The average acceleration of the body is given by the area enclosed by the graph and time axis.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. The maximum displacement is at Q.<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. The total displacement of the body is given by the area enclosed by the graph and time axis.</span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A student of weight 600N climbs a vertical ladder 6.0m tall in a time of 8.0s. What is the power developed by the student against gravity?</p>
<p>A. 22W<br>B. 45W <br>C. 220W <br>D. 450W</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A boy runs along a straight horizontal track. The graph shows how his speed <em>v </em>varies with time <em>t</em>.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.15.54.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/07_01"></p>
<p>After 15 s the boy has run 50 m. What is his instantaneous speed and his average speed when <em>t </em>= 15 s?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.16.57.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/07_02"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Two forces of magnitude 12 N and 24 N act at the same point. Which force <strong>cannot</strong> be the resultant of these forces?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. 10 N<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. 16 N<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. 19 N<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. 36 N</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron has a linear momentum of 4.0 × 10<sup>−25</sup> kg m s<sup>−1</sup>. What is the order of magnitude of the kinetic energy of the electron?</p>
<p>A. 10<sup>−50</sup> J</p>
<p>B. 10<sup>−34</sup> J</p>
<p>C. 10<sup>−19</sup> J</p>
<p>D. 10<sup>6</sup> J</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two masses <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> are connected by a string over a frictionless pulley of negligible mass. The masses are released from rest. Air resistance is negligible.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> accelerates downwards at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>g</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math>. What is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfrac></math>?<br>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. 2</p>
<p>D. 3</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>With a low difficulty index for both, this question was challenging for both HL and SL candidates. Option B was the most common (incorrect) answer, and only a small number of candidates correctly selected option A. This question would be a useful teaching tool for students, as they consider the relationship between variables without numeric substitution.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A net force acts on a body. Which characteristic of the body will definitely change?</p>
<p>A. Speed</p>
<p>B. Momentum</p>
<p>C. Kinetic energy</p>
<p>D. Direction of motion</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A table-tennis ball of mass 3 g is fired with a speed of 10 m s<sup>-1</sup> from a stationary toy gun of mass 0.600 kg. The gun and ball are an isolated system.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What are the recoil speed of the toy gun and the total momentum of the system immediately after the gun is fired?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img 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"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question gives good discrimination at both levels with the correct response, A, being the most popular at HL. Response B was second most popular at HL and most popular by a small margin at SL, however a significant number of candidates chose the other responses at both levels. Realising the gun and ball are initially at rest and momentum must be conserved leads to a zero momentum after firing, immediately removing options B and D.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is thrown upwards. The graph shows the variation with time <em>t</em> of the velocity <em>v</em> of the object.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the total displacement at a time of 1.5 s, measured from the point of release?</p>
<p>A. 0 m</p>
<p>B. 1.25 m</p>
<p>C. 2.50 m</p>
<p>D. 3.75 m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation with time <em>t</em> of the velocity of an object.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the variation with time <em>t</em> of the acceleration of the object?<br><br></p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball is thrown vertically downwards with an initial speed of 4.0 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The ball hits the ground with a speed of 16 m s<sup>−1</sup>. Air resistance is negligible. What is the time of fall and what is the distance travelled by the ball?</p>
<p><br><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The initial kinetic energy of a block moving on a horizontal floor is 48 J. A constant frictional force acts on the block bringing it to rest over a distance of 2 m. What is the frictional force on the block?</p>
<p>A. 24 N</p>
<p>B. 48 N</p>
<p>C. 96 N</p>
<p>D. 192 N</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A graph shows the variation of force acting on an object moving in a straight line with distance moved by the object. Which area represents the work done on the object during its motion from P to Q?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>A. X<br>B. Y<br>C. Y + Z<br>D. X + Y + Z</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A car travelling at a constant velocity covers a distance of 100 m in 5.0 s. The thrust of the engine is 1.5 kN. What is the power of the car?</p>
<p>A. 0.75 kW<br>B. 3.0 kW<br>C. 7.5 kW<br>D. 30 kW</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A weight <em>W </em>is tied to a trolley of mass <em>M </em>by a light string passing over a frictionless pulley. The trolley has an acceleration <em>a </em>on a frictionless table. The acceleration due to gravity is <em>g</em>.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.18.54.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/08"></p>
<p>What is <em>W </em>?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{Mag}}{{(g - a)}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{Mag}}{{(g + a)}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{Ma}}{{(g - a)}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{Ma}}{{(g + a)}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is pushed from rest by a constant net force of 100 N. When the object has travelled 2.0 m the object has reached a velocity of 10 m s<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p>What is the mass of the object?</p>
<p>A. 2 kg</p>
<p>B. 4 kg</p>
<p>C. 40 kg</p>
<p>D. 200 kg</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A runner starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate throughout a race. Which graph shows the variation of speed <em>v</em> of the runner with distance travelled <em>s</em>?</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The efficiency of an electric motor is 20 %. When lifting a body 500 J of energy are wasted. What is the useful work done by the motor?</p>
<p>A. 100 J</p>
<p>B. 125 J</p>
<p>C. 250 J</p>
<p>D. 400 J</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An elevator (lift) and its load accelerate vertically upwards.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which statement is correct in this situation?</p>
<p><br>A. The net force on the load is zero.</p>
<p>B. The tension in the cable is equal but opposite to the combined weight of the elevator and its load.</p>
<p>C. The normal reaction force on the load is equal but opposite to the force on the elevator from the load.</p>
<p>D. The elevator and its load are in translational equilibrium.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two balls X and Y with the same diameter are fired horizontally with the same initial momentum from the same height above the ground. The mass of X is greater than the mass of Y. Air resistance is negligible.</p>
<p>What is correct about the horizontal distances travelled by X and Y and the times taken by X and Y to reach the ground?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.22.08.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/09"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>P and Q leave the same point, travelling in the same direction. The graphs show the variation with time <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi></math> of velocity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math> for both P and Q.</p>
<p><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the distance between P and Q when <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math>?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>20</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>40</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>60</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>120</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two identical boxes containing different masses are sliding with the same initial speed on the same horizontal surface. They both come to rest under the influence of the frictional force of the surface. How do the frictional force and acceleration of the boxes compare?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An object hangs from a light string and moves in a horizontal circle of radius <em>r</em>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" 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" width="194" height="205"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The string makes an angle <em>θ</em> with the vertical. The angular speed of the object is <em>ω</em>. What is tan <em>θ</em>?</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>ω</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>r</mi></mrow><mi>g</mi></mfrac></math></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>g</mi><mrow><msup><mi>ω</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>r</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>ω</mi><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mi>g</mi></mfrac></math></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>ω</mi><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac></math></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is released from rest in the gravitational field of the Earth. Air resistance is negligible. How far does the object move during the fourth second of its motion?</p>
<p>A. 15 m<br>B. 25 m<br>C. 35 m<br>D. 45 m</p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Child X throws a ball to child Y. The system consists of the ball, the children and the Earth. What is true for the system when the ball has been caught by Y?</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_15.54.06.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/06"></p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The momentum of child Y is equal and opposite to the momentum of child X.</p>
<p>B. The speed of rotation of the Earth will have changed.</p>
<p>C. The ball has no net momentum while it is in the air.</p>
<p>D. The total momentum of the system has not changed.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object falls from rest from a height <em>h </em>close to the surface of the Moon. The Moon has no atmosphere.</p>
<p>When the object has fallen to height <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span> above the surface, what is</p>
<p> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{\text{kinetic energy of the object at }}\frac{h}{4}}}{{{\text{gravitational potential energy of the object at }}h}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>kinetic energy of the object at </mtext>
</mrow>
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>gravitational potential energy of the object at </mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span>?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{3}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{4}{3}">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{9}{16}">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>16</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{16}{9}">
<mfrac>
<mn>16</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A block is on the surface of a horizontal rotating disk. The block is at rest relative to the disk. The disk is rotating at constant angular velocity.</p>
<p>What is the correct arrow to represent the direction of the frictional force acting on the block at the instant shown?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Candidate responses were largely divided between responses C and D, suggesting some confusion around the direction of frictional force in a rotating object (vs. linear motion).</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball rolls on the floor towards a wall and rebounds with the same speed and at the same angle to the wall.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What is the direction of the impulse applied to the ball by the wall?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><br><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A block moving with initial speed <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math></em> is brought to rest, after travelling a distance <em>d</em>, by a frictional force <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi></math></em> . A second identical block moving with initial speed <em>u</em> is brought to rest in the same distance <em>d</em> by a frictional force <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math>. What is <em>u</em>?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>v</mi><msqrt><mn>2</mn></msqrt></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>v</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>With a lower difficulty index for SL candidates than for HL candidates, this question asked students to recognize the relationship between variables in a kinematics equation. For both groups, option C (incorrect) was most frequently selected, as candidates struggled to show the relationship between U and the change in frictional force. This question would be a useful teaching tool, as results here suggest candidates should spend more time working with equations without numerical substitutions.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball of mass <em>m</em> collides with a wall and bounces back in a straight line. The ball loses 75 % of the initial energy during the collision. The speed before the collision is <em>v</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">What is the magnitude of the impulse on the ball by the wall?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\left( {1 - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}} \right)mv">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{2}mv">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{5}{4}mv">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{3}{2}mv">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A spaceship is travelling at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>80</mn><mi>c</mi></math>, away from Earth. It launches a probe away from Earth, at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>50</mn><mi>c</mi></math> relative to the spaceship. An observer on the probe measures the length of the probe to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>An object of mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kg</mi></math> is thrown downwards from a height of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>20</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math>. The initial speed of the object is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>6</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>.<br>The object hits the ground at a speed of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>20</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. Assume <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math>. What is the best estimate of the energy transferred from the object to the air as it falls?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>6</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>18</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>182</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>200</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></math></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the speed of the probe in terms of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>c</mi></math>, relative to Earth.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>B</p>
<div class="question_part_label">.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>c</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow><msup><mi>c</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msup></mfrac></mstyle></mrow></mfrac></math> ✓</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>93</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></math> ✓</span></p>
<p><em><span class="fontstyle0">Allow </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>all</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">negative signs for velocities<br></span></em></p>
<p><em><span class="fontstyle0">Award </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">[2] </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">marks for a bald correct answer</span></em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">An astronaut is moving at a constant velocity in the absence of a gravitational field when he throws a tool away from him.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the effect of throwing the tool on the total kinetic energy of the astronaut and the tool and the total momentum of the astronaut and the tool?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img 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"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball of mass <em>m </em>strikes a vertical wall with a speed <em>v </em>at an angle of <em>θ</em> to the wall. The ball rebounds at the same speed and angle. What is the change in the magnitude of the momentum of the ball?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>A. 2 <em>mv </em>sin <em>θ<br></em>B. 2 <em>mv </em>cos <em>θ<br></em>C. 2 <em>mv <br></em>D. zero</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Momentum is a vector quantity so the angle and the direction are both relevant to the answer. Hence C and D can be eliminated. If θ = 900, then the ball is just rolling down the wall and there is no change in momentum. Hence B is correct (cos900 = 0).</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Air resistance is negligible. What is the variation with time <em>t</em> of the kinetic energy <em>E</em><sub>k</sub> of the ball?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="430" height="318"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball of mass 0.2 kg strikes a force sensor and sticks to it. Just before impact the ball is travelling horizontally at a speed of 4.0 m s<sup>–1</sup>. The graph shows the variation with time t of the force F recorded by the sensor.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is F<sub>max</sub>?</p>
<p>A. 2 N</p>
<p>B. 4 N</p>
<p>C. 20 N</p>
<p>D. 40 N</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object, initially at rest, is accelerated by a constant force. Which graphs show the variation with time <em>t </em>of the kinetic energy and the variation with time <em>t </em>of the speed of the object?</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two identical blocks, each of mass <em>m</em> and speed <em>v</em>, travel towards each other on a frictionless surface.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The blocks undergo a head-on collision. What is definitely true <strong>immediately</strong> after the collision?</p>
<p>A. The momentum of each block is zero.</p>
<p>B. The total momentum is zero.</p>
<p>C. The momentum of each block is 2<em>mv</em>.</p>
<p>D. The total momentum is 2<em>mv</em>.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">An object has a weight of 6.10 × 10<sup>2</sup> N. What is the change in gravitational potential energy of the object when it moves through 8.0 m vertically?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. 5 kJ<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. 4.9 kJ<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. 4.88 kJ<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. 4.880 kJ</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>At SL, more candidates chose C with B the second most popular response. This question was about significant figures and candidates should be reminded that on the multiple choice paper they are not expected to perform detailed calculations. In this case 6.10 (to 3 sig figs) times 8.0 (to 2 sig figs) produces an answer to 2 sig figs giving B as the correct response. All answers are equivalent from a numerical point of view with the difference being the number of sig figs used.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electric motor raises an object of weight <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>500</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></math> through a vertical distance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math>. The current in the electric motor is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></math> at a potential difference of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>200</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></math>. What is the efficiency of the electric motor?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>17</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>38</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>50</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>75</mn><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A truck has an initial speed of 20 m s<sup>–1</sup>. It decelerates at 4.0 m s<sup>–2</sup>. What is the distance taken by the truck to stop?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. 2.5 m</p>
<p>B. 5.0 m</p>
<p>C. 50 m</p>
<p>D. 100 m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A uniform ladder resting in equilibrium on rough ground leans against a smooth wall. Which diagram correctly shows the forces acting on the ladder?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_15.49.37.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/04"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A car accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math></em> during time <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math>. It then continues at constant velocity <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math></em> from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> to time <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>.</p>
<p>What is the total distance covered by the car in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi><mo> </mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mi>v</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced><mo>+</mo><mi>v</mi><mo> </mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math><br><br>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mi>v</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></math><br><br>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mi>v</mi><mo> </mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>v</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is projected vertically upwards at time <em>t </em>= 0. Air resistance is negligible. The object passes the same point above its starting position at times 2 s and 8 s.</p>
<p>If g = 10 m s<sup>–2</sup>, what is the initial speed of the object?</p>
<p>A. 50</p>
<p>B. 30</p>
<p>C. 25</p>
<p>D. 4 </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball of mass <em>m </em>is thrown with an initial speed of <em>u </em>at an angle <em>θ</em> to the horizontal as shown. Q is the highest point of the motion. Air resistance is negligible.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.14.39.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/06"></p>
<p>What is the momentum of the ball at Q?</p>
<p>A. zero</p>
<p>B. <em>mu </em>cos<em>θ</em></p>
<p>C. <em>mu</em></p>
<p>D. <em>mu </em>sin<em>θ</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram shows the forces acting on a block resting on an inclined plane. The angle <em>θ</em> is adjusted until the block is just at the point of sliding. <em>R</em> is the normal reaction, <em>W</em> the weight of the block and <em>F</em> the maximum frictional force.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the maximum coefficient of static friction between the block and the plane?</p>
<p>A. sin <em>θ</em></p>
<p>B. cos <em>θ</em></p>
<p>C. tan <em>θ</em></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{{{\text{tan}\theta}}}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>tan</mtext>
<mi>θ</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span><br><br></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A system that consists of a single spring stores a total elastic potential energy <em>E</em><sub>p</sub> when a load is added to the spring. Another identical spring connected in parallel is added to the system. The same load is now applied to the parallel springs.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>What is the total elastic potential energy stored in the changed system?</p>
<p>A. <em>E</em><sub>p</sub></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{E_p}}}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{E_p}}}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{E_p}}}{8}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>8</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A ball is tossed vertically upwards with a speed of 5.0 m s<sup>–1</sup>. After how many seconds will the ball return to its initial position?</p>
<p>A. 0.50 s</p>
<p>B. 1.0 s</p>
<p>C. 1.5 s</p>
<p>D. 2.0 s</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A cube slides down the surface of a ramp at a constant velocity. What is the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the cube due to the surface?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. The weight of the cube<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. The component of weight of the cube parallel to the plane<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. The component of weight of the cube perpendicular to the plane<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. The component of the normal reaction at the surface parallel to the plane</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two identical boxes are stored in a warehouse as shown in the diagram. Two forces acting on the top box and two forces acting on the bottom box are shown.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which is a force pair according to Newton’s third law?</p>
<p>A. 1 and 2</p>
<p>B. 3 and 4</p>
<p>C. 2 and 3</p>
<p>D. 2 and 4</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The road from city X to city Y is 1000 km long. The displacement is 800 km from X to Y.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>What is the distance travelled from Y to X and the displacement from Y to X?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A boat with an output engine power of 15 kW moves through water at a speed of 10 m s<sup>-1</sup>. What is the resistive force acting on the boat?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. 0.15 kN<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. 0.75 kN<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. 1.5 kN<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. 150 kN</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation with distance of a horizontal force acting on an object. The object, initially at rest, moves horizontally through a distance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>50</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>m</mtext></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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kKePgYxb0TW0LE62lp+a/4IOCNgBN+eOCnkvny2toeedF5+hx0KOb8j74nBcHk871LRaKQR5o3ISozYtdoZnT8CzggY4SdPnOlvx9PflHvEgydODzw1G6vhTBffghP5TXmNH8351bjUcNOT1sonR+SOI/JUyOXlFD1OLeWxOrpkc8S5CDgjYIRvPHGmsQnbnjewnjhHxKTYXA1nOgsDDvIYEF569qtx2cORJo+VTwr5ICGHE9lZakL5uLTWRnMUUk+ceSfO2DzKi/pyvPxOIfe9GdZ7sj2H1ecUckchz6eu2Fm2B/KRKa2N5iisnjgp5Ot06hKfFPJ1fE4hdxTyXLjz/6WB9ew9O/We8lvzRMAZASP49sQp7yIXP+b/y/mevSfOnvJb86yGM118C47wHAGIu8e2GpcenG3ZsPJJIR8o5J7vJLc6eiuIPK9FwBkBI3ziiTO/qcxH6JYY8MRpwbGXdzWcuY/zEfoeX1vXV+NyiwuPa1Y+KeQDhTxvSBaHWx1tKVuTNwLOCBjBuSdOCrkvn5o2oU3r5fe8/6GQaz1xXHqrzynkTkJeegRi3pAsYWF1tKVsTd4IOCNgBOeeOCnkvnxq2oQ2rZff8/6HQq71xHHprT6fRsi/+uo396u80eGUPt9//4d7Vt+8eXP32WefPqR59uy9O+Tt3fIOrtcOHIGGk255Q0qvaY+tjtaW15s+As4IGMG/F87S78bT35X3+lryeeEUe6P2q+HMF9/isdF5H9XL9Wpc9vLUms/K5zRCXqrw69ev7yDUn3/+i4fLEPHnzz+4E2F/+fKbe1HvFfORQu75TnKrox8IHHwQAWcEjHCTF07YyTtwjs4GNwSDeS+/531bKQ56YXph7C2/Nd8qOKcW8k8++fhetFOnlUbgSIdPz5YHe48N5Ck1EnaWvWyOzbdK4xYWGZtvmVjN73nfVooDiRHtfjUutfxo01v5nFbIX7363c1IG6NwBCeupduLF1/ej9zTc63HebC35svT5Y9DxHUKec7SHP9bG81RtfDCCTsckfvNcIz2v5ff876tFAe9dfHC2Ft+a75VcE4r5B9++JOb0biIu0yrizPl+3V8f67d8mDX5pf0JdEunZP02v0qAanlpSf9alyW3j9eOtfDJfKsxmcvT635PPgsLb7FY6O9+jsPjK18WNKtgnNKIf/uu9/fjMbhTBHsmpDn51sCwCuwS6Lt+U7yVQKyxWfWNKtxWYpNcJCP0nt5XY3PXp5a83nwWfOvV3/ngbGVD0u6VXBOKeRY3IbvwvMRdo+QI3D3PnC29fPLL764wye189uvv7776UcfPTmXXuexnXdyuM8hY3Ofo6vFUa3vQV94tbpepT6WG5YphRyr0kuL12aeWs8fhwinIMA46rGE55i88EuEzQsnR+Rvve3F5+jY8cAJG6W+hyPy0d7rs2/1+XRCjp+cIdhKPyebebEbGk3ujFpj6nF1brvHxhF5IuCMgBG+8sJZ+s146bflvfHhhbO3/NZ8K+EsLb4FT3hstAcPHjZa/WZJtwrO6YRcfheO78lL26w/PysJuec7yVcJyJLPvc+txmUpNsEpR2fekeVjzyM+S7MwQFeLBS1yD4zaMnvSr4JzOiGX78Hz78fFifj+fMYHwtQaCDtL8dw8+1UatzDO2HzLxEp+p5Cv5fPphFwWukknlO8x9Z4+orU2DZ/nq/3vJbT54xClPC/7K3VCwt2o/WpcUsjfRtJKfqeQr+Xz6YR8VOdds+sltDU7tfM1PLXzK3VCNQ68zq/GZe3d47XzWp5X41PLjza9B5+lxbfA4fVOcg+MWl560q+Ck0Lu9PazmmB7vZN8lYDsaazaPKtxWYvN2kidfGoZ8E3vEZ8139ZG6toaeGDUltmTfhWcFPLBQl5rUNqgXCUgtbz0pF+NSwr52yhZye+1fodC3tNjjM9jjU0KuYOQlx6HKK6vNSi53rq3Orq1HGu6CDgjYIQfvHBSyN9GtRef1jayl98DZ63foZDvsX/OdavPKeQOQg4noOGUtlqDKqXdOmd19JZtz2sRcEbACJ944Nz6vXjp9+U9seCBs6dcbZ6VcNYW33q9k3wlLrVx1pPeyieFfLCQe72T3OronuDqyRMBZwSM4N4DJ2zUbjI5OuuJ8PF5PPxem4XZigdNzTwwasrrTbsKTgr5YCFnZ9nbBMflW6Vxg8GtjpuxOS7GLJY94pNC/tYDHlxafNma14qTQu4g5LXHIcKJ7CxbQ/m4dNZGcxRSD5ywwRH5W4958HmE7z1wUsjX8jmF3EHIt8R665qmU/Bo3JryetNGwBkBI/j3wLn13vGtaxr/e+DUlNebdhWcW4tvvd5JvgqXvbGmzWflk0I+WMi93kludbQ2sHrTR8AZASP498C5dSMJ+7XRusb/Hjg15fWmXQXnnl9ro3UNr6twqeHEktbKJ4V8sJDvNapW51sd3VqONV0EnBEwwg8eOCnkjxHtweejtXFHVpzIv3WDRiEf57tey1afU8gdhLz2OEQ4da9RtTre6ujWcqzpIuCMgFFix+oPCvkjg6v4HfWkkL/1+yo+p5A7CDkaTS1g9hrVYzezfVSzv53r+KsRcEbACM954Nz6rfjWb8w1keOBU1Neb9pVcG4tvgV3Hu8kX4XL3ljT5rPySSEfLORe7yS3OlobWL3pI+CMgBH8e+DcuslEGZxm7Y30cfmsft+ahQHqvZhoqZkVY0sZHmlWwUkhHyzkCEZ2lh5N0s/GKo0bjO112oxNv7jysmSNTwr5oyesXD5aGntkxUkhdxDy2uMQxfXsLIWJOfbWRnNULTxwUsgfveXB56O1cUdWnBTyR99YuXy0NPbIipNC7iDke0K9d70lRKyObinDI00EnBEwwhceOPfeOb53vSUmPHC2lGNNswrOrcW34NDjneSrcGmNudb8Vj4p5AcIucc7ya2Obg0oa7oIOCNghB88cO7dRO6N2FviwQNnSznWNKvg3PPp3oi9hedVuGzhwiONlU8K+QFCvtewWgLB6uiWMjzSRMAZASN84YGTQv4Y1R58Plobd2TFudffUMjH+a7XstXnFHKjkG89DlGcutewJN3W3uroLdue1yLgjIARPvHASSF/jG4PPh+tjTuy4tzrbyjk43zXa9nqcwq5UcjhADScrW2vYW3llWtWR4ud0fsIOCNghJ+sOFt+J771O/PWWLHibC3Hmm4VnHuLbz3eSb4Kl9aYa81v5ZNCfoCQe7yT3Oro1oCypouAMwJG+MGKE/n3bjI5OrNGvH9+q9/3ZmFa4mKvVlaMe/a9rq+Ck0J+gJCzs/Rqlj52VmncLR02Y9MnpjytWOOTQv7oDSuXj5bGHllxUsiNQr73OES4n53l2EagtW5tNNryetNbcSI/R+SP7Fv5fLQ09siKk0L+6B8rl4+Wxh5ZcVLIjULeItItafbCxOroPfte1yPgjIAR/rDibHnfeEuavdiw4tyz73V9BZwti2893km+Apdecddix8onhfwAIfd4J7nV0S3B5JEmAs4IGOELK86WG0iUsTdq34sLK849+17XV8DZ6s+9Ufse5ytwuceB53UrnxTyA4S8tXFtBYbV0Vu2Pa9FwBkBI3xixUkhfxrZVj6fWhv3nwUn8rbcmFHIx/mvx7LF5yiPQm4U8r3HIYLk1sa1FQBWR2/Z9rwWAWcEjBI3Ft9QyJ+yt4LfUUcK+aPfV/A5akshNwo5Gs1esLQ2rsfwuz3aK+M2xzlnIuCMgBHes+Js+Y14y2/N9yLJinPPvtf1FXC2LL4Fn9Z3kq/ApVfctdix8kkhP0DIPd5JbnV0SzB5pImAMwJG+MKKs+UmE+VwmtUj8v1sWPzeMgsDpK2xUauVBWPN5ojzq+CcTshfvfrd3Ycf/uS+c0EH8+LFl0/8++bNm7vPPvv04fqzZ+/dffXVb56k0fxj7cRaG4S1nFUCUuO73rSrcMnYfBohK/idQr6ez1HjeyF//fr1vWBCNFs+ENsR23ff/f4Owvz993+4N49ycqGGiD9//sFDmpcvv7kX9V4xtwrs3uMQhSdrOSt0QsLV6P0qXFLIn0bSCn6nkK/nc9T4XsghmBCa1k8+Sn5KXf9/GIlDqNPt889/cS/cci4Xdpz/5JOP7z+SRrO3Cmxr/tZ0NewrdEK1unufX4XL1neNt6ar+WEVPmv19z5v4bNl8S3wWt9JbsHozdeWvVVwPkytY8q69sGIHWIJMcIe/3tvsAn7GGHXNozUkSafEcCNBQS+Z7MKbGt+6zvJVwnIHh9q86zCZWtsto7cazyvwmet/t7nLXy2+rJ15F6rmwVjzeaI86vgfBDyGokQVohkaSRcy9NzHtPqItJy04D/0ylzmTmQqXcpB2mQFjci2q21s6vZbc3f2sBq5awSkLX6e55fhUvG5tOoWcHvrf0MhfxpbJz9nzU2q0KeLiobNQpPyRORTr//xigd/4uYi2DXhDw/n9qvHbd2dqX8LY9DlHytDUzS53uro3N7o/6PgDMCRvjHirM1thmbo1pDn12L31t9SSHv882oXBafA1NRyI8ahaekiJCLaMs1/C/T5j1Cjs5s7wMSez6//frru59+9FFTXqRD+p5ymKfPPyvz9nfffnv3/vt/3hRvf/2zn939+te/akq7MqcR6v7jH/9lUz8Df7f2XRHqfQWMonk9+ydCfvQoPAUsQp6PqtPz6XGaVwT+6Kl1BA/ugFs26zvJUVaELQLOCBjhawtO5G2NTY7O5mpZFr+3zsJo4qPEjgVjyd6oc6vgfBDyM0bhqfMg4AjCXMiBC+cxzS5pIOjpdtZiN01jYGeZeuzc4xUaN2PzNsZW8DuF/KnfV/A5anwv5DLSRRDgO2n8DGzrk09/P6Wu/7/0+3CxgrJwXrbSojt8h49Pz9Ya+CXbrY9DRF4KeYnBc86t0Lgp5LextYLfW/szTXzcMmmbLSrZG3VuBZ+Du3shx4rxLeHOr40Scoy+Idry87Z8sRsAy+/KZeQuI/ZeTK2BXwo0jThr0pbKWiUgS3X3PrcCl5r3jGvSlnyxAp+leo8618unZvGt9Z3kvRhHcVazuwrOh6n1GhFHnxcxh8CWRt8Q9/QRrUjXK+Ko21FCbn0n+SoBeUS8rcCl5sYRfLR+n17yzwp8luo96lwvn1o/Wvq+XoyjOKvZXQXndEJec8io85ZgZmd565UIDScCRjBrwcnYjBmbFr8jXjQ3ZJa+zxKbt54Zd2YVnBRyw9vPWh+HKI1T08jy0F4lIPN6j/h/BS4p5LeRc3W/o36aPoZCfhsjZ52xxiaF3CDkaDStDtA2sjygWsvJ8x39fwScETDCbxacLe8il9iwvpPcglMwHLG/Ok7N4lvwbXkn+dW5PCIe0zKsfFLIDxJy6zvJrY5Og2bkcQScETDCRxacmptMlMXR2chWobPd63fNLAwQaWMkrUUvxtTGEcer4LwXciwgwyIzWS1+BMGzlGHpwLQNwVLWKgF5RFyswCVj8zaSru53Cvl6Ppca3wu5vAccQoOfmuEBKzi3wmYR19Z3kQuPlrKu3gkJR0fsV+CSQn4bSVf3O4V8PZ9LjZ9MrePBMBBxiDlEBz//woNW8PMu+d22ZLzK3iKu2rza9CnHV++E0rqOPl6BS+07xrXpUx+twGda39HHvXxqFt+iDpZ3kvdiHM1dbn8VnE+EPCUB0+wQcPxmGw9pgQhB4PFAliuJukVctXkt7yRfJSDTGBx1vAKX2tjUjuBT36zAZ1rf0ce9fGp9qB3Bp/XuxZjaOOJ4FZxVIc9JxlQ7hB0jdIzar7JpO7y03tq82oaWlrVKQKZ1HnW8ApeMzdvoubrftf0Lhfw2Rs46Y43NZiE/q4Kjy9V2eIJH8zhEyaNtaJIPe6ujU1sjjyPgjIDR6nNtXDM2R7YKne3e+NT6kEKu88vI1L0+F0wU8s6fn4F4NBzNpm1oqW2ro1NbI48j4IyAET7qxdnzu3DN787z+OnFmdsZ/f/VcWoX3+Kx0do+THx0dS6lnkftrXxSyA8Ucubqxi8AACAASURBVMs7ya2OjhKQR+C8Opeon7aD5ujsiMhrK6M3PrWzMD1xIjXoxSj5j9qvgpNCfqCQs7M8qvlul3P1xt3TQTM2t2PmyKu98Ukhv/VSL5e3lsaeseKkkHcKufZxiAgDdpZjG0OrdWujaS3Hmq4XJ/JxRH7Lfi+ft5bGnunFSSG/9Usvl7eWxp6x4twUcvwEDb8tlye+yX5slY61rg1+Qdcjyj15pDyro8XO6H0EnBEwwk+9OHveL96TR2KpF6fkP2p/ZZw9i28t7yS/MpdHxWNajpXPopC/efPmyTu/5edm+D05fkd+pe1IIbe8k9zq6KN8FgFnBIzwVy/OnhtGlKUdxUtM9eKU/Eftr4yz13+9/d+VuTwqHtNyrHwWhRwPgcFT3fC7cXlkKwqFoMPxeC77VbbeQGZnWY4Aa0CWrfqejYARNe7Fydgsx0svn2Vr48724ESenhux3v6vB+M4xuqWV8F5I+R4ahuciyl1bKmQ4388EAafq2y9gax9HCL46m1skjcC5xEaTgSMFp9TyMst5cp+7+1bevu/K3NZjp6xZ6183gg5BBzOxfQ6tlzI5VnsY6t1nPXeQMbdr5b83sYGNrRlHcfg05Ii4IyA0eLznt+E9/z2XDx/dT6lnkfte/jsWXyL+vS+k7wH41H8peWsgvNGyPEoVoibPE89F3KMxjH1fpXtSCG3vJN8lYA8Iq6uzmXPTSZ4720LV+fziJhMy+jhs2cWBmX2xkoPxrSORx2vgvNGyEEwxBoCDjEXIccxBByNXabdj3LGyHJ6O6/eBtBb3ioBOdLXYvvqXDI2xdNP91f2O4X8qa/lvyv7XOqIfVHIMa0OAYfo5B8sgLvS1ius2schCme95a0SkMLTyP3VuaSQl6Pnyn6nkK/n87TGRSGXBBh54ztxfCDgMt0u16+w7xXWo/NduRM6Oo6uzmXvu8V7812dzwjx2bP4FvXqfSc5fe4bFVY+i0IuvyNPfzMOIYd4QdSvtB0tyL3vJLc6+iifRcAZASP81YuzN6Z7R/K9OI+KSSnnyjh7fdc7kr8ylxIvR+6tfBaFHN+Ry+/IpTJ4qpt8R87fkfcvDOptcFZHix9H7yPgjIARfurFSSEvR3kvn2Vr48724OztVyjk4/yosdzj89T+jZDLqvXagjaI+eq/I+95HKKQ3tvgrI6W8kfvI+CMgBF+6sVJIS9HeS+fZWvjzvbg7O1XKOTj/Kix3OPz1P6NkOe/I08T45i/I3/bwaLh9Gy9Dc7q6B6sPXki4IyAEdz34LT8Hrzn9+e9OHtiy5qnh09rmT35e3D2Lr7tfSd5D8YeLqx5VsF5I+RY0IY7+tqInL8jtwl57zvJVwlIa8NtyX9lLlG33ptMjs5aomd8mp747J2F6Y2XHozjmbstYRWcN0IOKjB9ju/IsdgNgo4PFrtBxBEwV1q93tMAeoMf3LKzvG1sR5+5cuNmbNaj6cp+7+nHwFRvvFyZy3oEjbti5bMo5LJqHcGRfvD2s9pI3aOKWFCXlifHuLGQLceWL8qTdK17lKHdeh+HiHIo5Fq2/dNbG40/orLFHpzIwxG5H59lS2PP9vi9px9DLXrjpQfjWNbK1lfBWRRyjMQx6oZoyogci+BGb7LQbqssiDpuKGRWACvoEcS9D6rpaQC9Ygz+evOuEpCjYwz2r8yl5b3ivXmvzOcR8ZiXoeXTsvi2953kWox5HY/6fxWcN0IO4Ya4YXR89AYxxgh7ayuNwDHl37uS/mgh730n+SoBueV7r2tX5rL3RhHcgpee0fyV+fSKOY0dLZ+9fhNMPX2gFqOUdfR+FZw3Qi6L3bZGxaOcsffTNsGWT+9jJf3eDUANc08Qs7OssRljtHvlxs3YjB2bQK+NT6TvuQETpnr6QC1GKevo/So4b4QcRMtiN+whkvknF1Iv52DKHCNriDKCC590ylxmC2RaXcpFGqTFVwHarSeIex+HCGy9jW6VgNT6ryf9lbmkkNcj4qp+7+1ThKmePvCqXAonR++tfN4IOcQQjt36QNi9N1nolk+R438pTwS7JuT5+RaMPUGMu99e4nsbXW95LRx4pomAMwJG+KQHZ+9vwVFe72/Qe3B6xlyrravitCy+BXc97yS/KpetseSdzsrnjZADIMR86+NdiS178r058PQI+dYNiVwDiZrPTz/66O63X3+tyiP2//7Vq7sf/eifdeUVG9zr/LUSX5bYBE9oEyvxdYW6/vKLL+7w6a2LNWZ6y2W+p/3Ylg7uXSsKuWTCKBnT2fic8Z05cMh0OsqX43zkLQIPsdduR4/Iga+nTAR9hC0CzggY4esenJbZIsbmHC1M63fL1ymocU/MaDGexewqOItCDkHE9+MyYpU9vsM++oUpqXhDwIEF59INU+9HLnbrfRyiYKaQCxPn7K/cuHs65dQLjM2UjXOOtfFJIa/7Sctl3dLYK1acRSGXxW61J7uNGJ3DJjqR3DZG27iBkG2Gn5/1dHaCH/ue/FZHp+WPPI6AMwJG+KgHZ+87xSUmevL34JTyjtxfFadl8S3473kn+VW5PDIe07KsfN4IeW3UK4Vi8RmEfsT24Yc/efJ7cMwM4Fw6C4Cbi7MfCNMjxClfPe8ktzo6LX/kcQScETDCRz04rbHZM6LvwTkyBmu2r4qzx2cpRz0j+qtymfJy5LGVzxshl6ns2vfNmMaGuI7Y8in90lQ+vrfPp/0xau/dejq+njwpvp6GZ3V0Wv7I4wg4I2CEj3pwMjbr0d3DZ93auCtanD39SYqeQp6ycc6x1uc5yhshP3NEnoM74n9tx2d5HKLUp6fhWR0tZY/eR8AZASP81INTG895PDA2c0aO/1/r9x6fpbWikKdsnHOs9XmO8kbIkeCM78hzYEf9r+34QDgajmXraXhWR1vwavJGwBkBIzjX4uz9HXjq357foWtxpuUdeXxVnNbFtz2Pjb4ql0fGY1qWlc+ikOdT3BA7fEpT3SmYiMdnCHnPO8mtjj7KNxFwRsAIf2lxIr31JpOjs6NaSr0crd+1fVheck/caDHmZR71/yo474Uc3zuXvhOf4Xfkox2ubQQ9QZ/XgZ1lzsix/1+1cTM2t+Poqn7X9mE5Sz1xc1Uuc26O+t/K572Q5wvY8D9EfIVN2wisj0MEpxTycyPL2miOQq/FifQckde9o+WzbmnsFS1ObR+Wo++JGy3GvMyj/l8F54OQY9pcRuYIDKxexyi99DnKCUeUo20EPSKc16PHxioBmXM14v+rctn7PvGU4x4bV+Uz5eXIYw2fHotv8U5yPD9As2kwaux6p10F572Qy0p1iFrLByP2q2xnCDkXl5wbPVdt3D03iLknwI12VH9VPnNujvpfw2ePv0r10PaDGoyl8o46twrOeyEHqRBzCDQ+cCpWrsv/+T5/ROpRThlRjjaA2VlueyFCw4mAESxrcTI248em1u+IEe2NV4klbT+ojc1SmUecWwXng5CnpOKBL/mjUtPrVzrWBrD1cYjgrqfxrRKQR8TWVbmkkG9HzxX93tOXlFjS9oNX5LLEy1HnrHwWhfwo8DOUow1g3P1aSe9pfNYyj+I6As4IGOEvLc6e34DncdHzW3QtzrzMo/6/Ik6PxbfgX/vY6CtyeVQclsqx8kkhf/edEq/Vcx5CzsUlVXoPuWBtNIeA7BByj9hE3bQ3t1fl8yg/5+Vo+PSYhUH52tjRYMzrd+T/q+CkkJ8g5AhkdpZHNuenZV21cWs746esPP7H2Hzk4owjTXxSyLc9pOFy29LYq1acFHKlkFsfhyjhwM5SmDh+b200RyHW4qSQb3tGy+e2tXFXNTgp5Nt+0HC5bWnsVStOCrlSyLUCXHO/1o7V0TUc3ucj4IyAEX7R4ux5l3jJ/1o7WpylMo84d0WcHotvwb32sdFX5PKIGKyVYeXzXsjxIJj8J2Zb/6/88zOtANccx8UlNWbGn7c2mvEI35agxekVm9qRvRbnUfzl5VwRp9ZXOSfyv3Zkf0UuhYsz9lY+74Vc3kGOjqDlA5G/yqbt/LTpazxpG6DV0TUc3ucj4IyAEX7R4mRsbkezls9ta+OuanBq+5Eaagp5jZljzmt8XkL0MLVeehRr7VzJUNRzms7P43GIwpO2AVodLeWO3kfAGQEj/KTFqYnlrThgbG6xM/6axu9aX9XQU8hrzBxzXuPzEqIHIS9drJ2DwF9l03R+IBsNx2PTNkCroz0wt9iIgDMCRnCtwdnz+++aP7W/R9fgrJV5xPkr4vRafKt9bPQVuTwiBmtlWPksCjke1/rJJx/f4Qlv+QcvV1l1ah1kewk5F5fUQnr8eWujGY/wbQkanJ6xydHZUR4ul6Pxu2YgUi7tMdY0fZsG41a5o6+tgrMo5BDrZ8/euxdxBIqIOY5xHkJ/lU3TENhZ7ns9QsOJgBFMa3AyNq8Rm1q/a/qvLYa08aOJza1yR19bBeeNkMvCN1mZDhGXETievw6RX1XIvR6HiODlqGd0E67bv2Lj1nbEdXYYm1vcHHFNE58U8m2PaLjctjT2qhVnVcjle/DPP//F/YhcqoH/8Wa0q2yahqAV3y2OtLasjt7C4nktAs4IGOETDc6e94jX/K61pcFZK/OI81fD6bn4VvvY6KtxeUT8bZVh5fNGyDHqhrjJqPurr35zPwoXEBidY5R+le0sIefikvMiyNpojkKuwam9MdyqA8rl96VbDI291up3rZ/2UGv6wlaMe2WOvr4KzhshB7EQakyhY3pdhB0C/vLlN/ffkXNEbg8/bSNcJSDtzO5buCKXFPL1/K7tQ/YYopDvMTTuurVPKgq5rFqHcGPDdDqcjM/Ki928HocITrWN0OrocSH41HIEnBEwSow8Zbf+H4W8zo1cuZrfUR/NzInwUNtTyGvMjD9vjc2ikJdgQ9xlAVzpetRzmuBFo7ESLjxpG6FXuVL+qH0EnBEwwj8anNrffm/5X/ubdA3OrXJHX7saTs/Ft+Be89joq3E5Ovb27Fv5LAq5LHSrFY7p9qtsZwk5F5ecF0HWRnMUcg1Oz5tM1E/TLjQ4j+KuVM7VcHrOwoAvTQxdjctSvBx5zsrnjZBDxNGIa6PvlRe7aQK9JQjYWbaw5J/G2mj8EZUtanAyNsscpmc1fKb5jj5uxUkh3/dMK5f7lsamsOJ8EHIRaCx0g8BgX/rgO3I89e0qm0ZMvR6HKNxpyrY6WsocvY+AMwJG+EmDk0K+H9kaPvetjUvRipNCvu+DVi73LY1NYcX5IOQYgYtwbwk5RFx+mja2asdY14ipJm0Leo09q6Nb8HikiYAzAkb4QoNT+w7xPV9r7Glw7pU78vrVcHouvgXvmsdGX43LkXHXYtvK54OQp4VB0Gf4Hhw48p+6Yeof5yCC+GCGAL917900YqpJ24KHi0taWPJPY200/ojKFjU4vWNTM8LX4CzX9JizV8Op8VELw5oR/tW4bOFnZBorn0UhF8AQzdJHro/cY6ofnVMu5Pg/fUwsfiKHdL1irukANWlbuNE0RKujW/B4pImAMwJG+EKDk7G5H70aPvetjUvRilPTf7SgpZC3sDQmTavPa6UXhVym2dE5lD4Q2ZGbPIQGo+1cyEsjcEz3935v39oBej4OUbjTNESro6XM0fsIOCNghJ80OFvjuNX/jM1WpvzTtfpd46MWlBTyFpbGpGn1ea30opBDLDHqhWCXPrUV7bVCtOcxpY6H0ORCju/m0WHl5QMj0vZsrR0giEbD8dw0DdHqaE/cW7Yi4IyAERy34tT+7nvLf3JN87v0Vpxi+6z91XB6L77VPDb6alyeFZNSrpXPGyGHSELczlrQBlHGTQS2XMhr2DCtDsz4GkC7nSnkXFyi9ZZPemuj8UGxb6UVJ9J532RydLbvn1EpWv3e2ne14tTEUSvG1rJHpVsF542Qy7R2jyhanSFly0K7XMhFsPObjNr5FjytjUET5C3lIg07y1amfNNdrXEzNtvi42p+b+272th5OwPUekN4NS5bORqVzsrnjZADKKa2exePWSoqU+piw0PIEex7H5C49/nbv/3Pdz/96KPddHt20uu//OKLO3zSczze9wU5esrRb7/+mrHZ0IavFjfo1zzrNCKOPPFd3ZboXs++KOTykhQsNDvqO/J0Sl0qkgv5mVPrmtGz4N/ba2wiiCNsEXBGwAhft+LUvj+8JY40NltxtpQ7Ms2VcI5YfKt5bPSVuBwZc622rXzeCDmm1PdGsBBd7w2ivVUucJ252E0juq3ccHFJK1O+6ayNxhdN3VorzhGxibI5zVr3zcgrLX7X+EeDFX1wy9aCscXO6DSr4LwRchAL0dz6jCZf7OcjcpzHuXza/4ifn7GzFK9s7yM0nAgYwXIrTsbmdkzK1VY+Jf1Z+xacSNN6o6WpB4Vcw5Zf2hafb5VWFHLJ8Pr16/ufemFKWxagybUj9iUhx7T/GQ+E8X4cIvjTNEaro4/wl9TpqLJ6y7kalxTytki4kt81fUcbO29TUcg1bPmltcZmUcgxGsf34/lUNwQUT1I7aisJOW4ucmz5CF2DrzVwcfdrJTvHpWmM3mXnWLz+j4AzAkb4oxWn5jffrX7W/Da9FWdr2aPSXQmn97vIhfPWx0ZfiUup+5l7K59FIYdQQkQx+sVoHB+IJaawIXxnjM5HkXymkHNxySivbtu1Nppt635XW3GOuMlELVrbRitOP2b6LF0J54hZGLDaGktX4rIvmnxzWfm8EfLagjKBDTGH0F9la+2sWgNcy0tr+VZHa3H1po+AMwJG8N+Kk7HZFq2tfLZZG5eqBSeFvI3/Fi7bLI1NZcV5I+TyEy9Mr5c2rFjH772vsrUKqffjEIW/1vKtjpbyRu8j4IyAEX5qxUkhb4vqVj7brI1L1YKTQt7GfwuXbZbGprLivBFyjsjLDmsV3HLu+tlWu1ZH1xH4XomAMwJGeKUVp+bd4Rpvt9ptxakpe0TaK+EcsfgWnLc+NvpKXI6INa1NK583Qg4A/I781g2tgnubc/sMF5ds8zPiqrXRjMBUstmKc1Rsto70W3GW6njkuSvhbPWNlt/Wkf6VuNRyNCK9lc+ikM+yan0EYbnN1k6wNV1uf+//1gZpdfQeDq/rEXBGwAh/tOJkbLZFbyufbdbGpWrB2dpvaFFSyLWM+aRv8flWSUUhlwxn/45ccIzct3SCIx6HKHVqbZBWR0t5o/cRcEbACD+14myJ4R6/MzZ7WLPnafF7q2+0aCjkWsZ80rf4fKukopBjwVttsRt+hobrV9laOkGQjIYzYmttkFZHj8BeshkBZwSM4LYFp+b33iV/bZ1r/X16C86tco66diWcoxbftj42+kpcHhV/W+VY+bwRcgg4xA0r0/PXhQIIzo941vpWJUdeO1vIubhkpHfLtq2NpmzV/2wLTqQZdZPJ0Zm/T1sstvi9pd9qKStP0xpPLRhz22f8vwrOqpDjgTD45KNvCrlvOLKz9OWzxdqVGndrx9vCS56GsZkzcsz/LfFJIW/zRQuXbZbGprLirAo5HsUK0UbApI9AXVHIRz0OEaHBznJsAylZtzaaks0R51pwIg1H5G3st/DZZmlsqhacFPI2H7Rw2WZpbCorzqqQy0hc3k2OPbYVhbxVbHtc3Wrb6ugebD15IuCMgBHct+DUvDdc689W2y04tWWPSH8VnCMX37Y+NvoqXI6Isx6bVj53hRygMCLHHSBEnELe46Z6Hi4uqXMz6oq10YzCldttwdl6I5jbbvkf5beM9ltwtpQ3Os1VcLb6pZfPltH+Vbjs5cg7n5XPJiEHaIzQ8Z05nLzaYjd2lu1haw3I9pL6U0bAiNq14GRstsdBC5/t1sal3MOJ6y03WL0IKeS9zPXn2/P5nuUbIUcGiHbp52dYxY6XpqTfme8VMPv1lqAd9ThEcNPaKK2OPsoPEXBGwCixsec3CvkeQ4/Xr+J31INC/ujXraOr+Hyrjrh2L+R48AtG2dhjw/HWR74/3zMe4XqLkKPRjAqI1kY5qnxvH0XAGQEj/NKCs/W33j1+bv2NegvOnvK981wF58jFt+C85bHRV+HSO8Z67Vn5vBdyCDMETUbiON76rDa1PlLIubikN/T781kbTX/JupwtOEfGJtC23Oi24NTVfEzqq+AcOQsD5lti6ipcjok0vVUrnw9T6+lUOo63PnqY8+Zo6ahaAttSwxYMVkdb8GnyRsAZASM4b8HJ2GyPzhY+262NS7mHk0Lezv0el+2Wxqa04nwQ8hQmfmpWeqpbmuYqxy0iOupxiMJhCwaro6Ws0fsIOCNghJ9acFLI2yO6hc92a+NS7uGkkLdzv8dlu6WxKa04b4Rcptnl+/Kx8M+33iKiLWksNWmxb3W0BZ8mbwScETCC8xacre8M1/gwTdtivwVnavOs46vgHLn4Fr5peWz0Vbg8Kxbzcq183gg5RuIQlu+++31e1iX/bxHRljQWcri4xMKePq+10ehL7MvRgnN0bLaM+Ftw9jHgm+sqOFt8YmGuZcR/FS4tPHnmtfJ5I+QA99lnn97/Zhz70ur11Vats7NsD1lrQLaX1J8yAkbUrgUnY7M9Dlr4bLc2LuUeTgp5O/d7XLZbGpvSivNGyLHIDZ3D1melVesjH4coodHSMK2OlrJG7yPgjIARfmrBSSFvj+gWPtutjUu5h7Olv7Cg44jcwl5f3j2f71m9EXJk2FqxjmtX2vY6QhCMhjNya2mYVkePxJ/ajoAzAkZwuoez9XfeqX+0xy2/U9/DqS1zVPqr4By9+LblsdFX4XJUrGntWvksCrmAwII3TKPjc9XvzGcQci4ukYg7Zm9tNMeg3Bdy1GP0TSZHZ0d5+7Gcvfjc67MeLfUdtcTVHsa+kv1zrYKzKOQYdeP7cQRM+nn+/IM7vN70Stteo2gJaisf7CytDOryX6VxMzbX9Pten6Vj5TZ1S1xdpQ3d1v6cM1Y+i0Iui93we3IZkeP56njOOoLoSqPzvUYx+nGICBsK+bGNx9pojkK7hxPXOSJv98Yen+2Wxqbcw7nXZ1nRtcTVHkYrBq/8q+C8EXL5+VltZTrEHEJ/lW2vUbSIrJWLljJWCUgrly35r8Jl6/vCWzippWkp4yp81jg4+vwWn0csvm15bPQWxqP52ipvFZw3Qg4Bh7jVFrVhxTreSX6VbQYh5+KSY6PpKo275QbQyiy42hv1X4VPK1de+bf4bPGHB469fnELo0f5XjZWwXkj5ByRPw0hdpZP+dj7L0LDiYARPO/hZGzuRePT63t8Pk193n9bOHFt78bKAzmF3IPFdhtbPm+xciPkyHTmd+T4Xh5BhA9G/vkUf74Q79mz90zvR98L2NGPQwTfLY3T6uiWYPBIEwFnBIwSF1s+oZBvsXN77Qp+Rx0o5Le+rZ25gs9rdUvPF4U8F0sR1tGr1nEDgTLkOe+YxkfZ6QtcJI2cwyp6pMFivJ5tT8jRaEYHQ0vjHI2hh7tSngg4I2AEt3s4W37jXfKR5lzLb9X3cGrKG5n2CjiPWHwLH+w9NvoKXI6MNa1tK59FIRcQR/6OHGWVBBkj7vRJcqUROBbg4dOzzSDkXFzS47n+PNZG01+yLuceziNuMoF4r43s4dTVelzqK+A8YhYGHtiLrStwOS7S9JatfG4KOUbmpY8eZn+OVMhr399D6JGuZ9vrpPYCuqfMUp49HFZHl8occS4CzggY4Zs9nIxNXQTv8amzNi71Fk4KuY73LS51lsamtuIsCjkEE99PQ1xKn3SEPLJ6GGVDoGWqXVbUy7S6lI1pdeDETYd22xPQ0Y9DFLx7OKyOlnJG7yPgjIARftrDSSHXRfMenzpr41Jv4aSQ63jf4lJnaWxqK86ikEM88V01BLv0yRegeVdRhBnilt40yPmakOfnW3DtCeje9ZYyWtLslWN1dAsGjzQRcEbACF/s4Wx5V7iHT/fK2cPpgcHDxhVwHrH4FlzvPTb6Clx6xJSXDSufN0JeG/V6AdbYwUgcNxTy/XePkEMg9z4gsfZB3to1z/Pvv//nd3/37beHlOWJm7bqsTOam6Ni86cffXT326+/Zmxu9BOjfS32j/LFL7/44g4fKZf78e1co4152qqQ90xT58Y9/hfxloV36Lzykbek6cEMe1vb3vWtvJpre9OkaEgRtgg4I2CEr/dwMjZ1LWKPT521cam3cO71E16o9qbwtzB6YfCwswrOGyEHeRgFQxxn2GSGAM93h4Cj88qn9jH9PmKx2xGPQxSO9xroKgEpfIzcX4VLCrkuSq7g971+QsdIPTWFvM7NiCvW2LwXcox20+/CMZWNTgK/2U7Py3EupB4Vg1CXRBo3FBBpGW3jOL/JAF6Zftdi2eoMQS4azhHbXgO1OvqIOqCMCDgjYNzjsuX33V4+3/u9+hX49OLKw84Wn0ctvt17bPQWRg8OvGysgvNeyGXUC1Fr+UDQR2xYKZ8KsnxHngo3nvyGGQOZXh/5QBgEwVFCzsUlIyKqbPMKjfvI2OTorBxHo85uxefWwMMTz158bWH0xGG1tQrOh6l1jHhbP1Zya/lRPmYB5GaiNMUPcU/TIG0q9DXbtfNbDWMvmGs2e86zs+xhrS/PFRo3Y1Pv+yv4fau/0jNSz7EXX1fgsl77469Y+XwQ8uOhz1HiVsM46nGIYIJCflw8WBvNUUi3cOLaUbNFjM2jPP62nC2/b/VXnij34msLoycOq61VcFLIN1at73Vg1iBL8++VtUpAppyMOr4Cly3vCffib6+sK/DpxZWHnRqfRy6+3XtsdA2jR/09bayCk0I+iZBzcYln8922dYXGvXfjt82A7ir42hr9X4FPHSNjU9f43PODN6qt0X8NozcGq71VcFLIJxHyvUa6SkBaG25L/itwSSFv8fTTNNH9vtdHPK2t/T8KuZ3DVgvW2KSQbwj5UY9DhLP3GqnV0a0BZU0XAWcEjBITNX9QyGvM1M9H9zvwb82M1Gved4VC3sdbTy5rbFLIN4QcWKfusQAAIABJREFUjcZKcKtT9xrpUTha8dbSRcAZASP43cK599vumn96zu/9Zn0LZ095o/JEx3nk4lv4YOud5NG5HBVjvXatfFLIJxFyLi7pbQL6fNZGoy+xL8cWziNvMoGeo7M+H/bkqvn9yFkY4N6KsRrGnvqOzLMKTgr5JEKOYGZnObJJP9q+QuPe6mQfa+p3xNj043LPUi0+KeR7zN1er3F5m/LcM1acFPINIT/qcYgSQuwshYmxe2ujGYvu0foWTgr5I0+tR1t8tto4Il0NJ4Vcz36NS72lsTmsOCnkG0K+Jawj3LpVntXRI/CWbEbAGQEjuN3CufeO8JJvLOe2ytvCaSnTO290nEcuvgX3W4+Njs6ld2xZ7Vn5pJBPJORcXGJtDm35rY2mrRR7qi2cWzd99pJvLWzNAGzhvLV03pnoOLd8MILVrRmA6FyO4Mti08onhXwiId9qqFZHW4JMkzcCzggYwfkWTgq5Jirfpt3iU29tXI4azq3+YQQaCvkIVss2az4vp749SyGvCPmRj0MUt2w1VKujpYzR+wg4I2CEn7ZwUsj1kbzFp97auBw1nFv9wwg0FPIRrJZt1nxeTn17lkJeEXIQi4Zz5LbVUK2OPqoeEXBGwAh/1XDu/a57hK+3frdewzkCh8VmdJxHL77demx0dC4tcTQir5VPCvlEQs7FJSOayK1Na6O5tTjmTA0nzh99k8nR2Rgfl6zW/H70LMxWnNUwlupz5rlVcFLIJxJydpbHNPnojXurgx3FIGNzFLO3dmvxSSG/5WrvTI3LvXxHX7fipJBXhPzoxyEicNhZHtN8rI3mGJT1qXXg54hc74XofqeQr+fz1hpTyCtCviWqreRq022VGb0T0nIxMn10LvfeDz6Cu60yo/M5gi+LzRKfZyy+3XpsdAmjpc6j8q6Ck0I+kZBzccmo5vzUbvTGvXXD97Smfv+Bs9osQHQ+/VjysVTic4t/n1LLVmqzACWMZQvnnl0FJ4V8IiHfaqyrBOQRzT46lxTyviiJ7PetvqGPjbZcFPI2nqyprLFJIa8I+dGPQ0QgbDVWq6OtgdaaPwLOCBglHkq8U8hLrOyfi+x3YK/NiOzXvD8FhbyfO01Oa2xSyCtCjkZjJVfjSKTdaqxHY9Fil/QRcEbAKPEgvKb7rd90p+k8j7d+ux6dT0+ePGyV+Dxj8S3qUntsdAmjR929bayCk0I+kZBzcYl3My7bi964z7jJBJMcnZXjyftsKT7PmIVBvWqxVsLozYOHvVVwUsgnEnIELjtLj+a7bSN64651rtu1tl9lbNo5bLFQik8KeQtzt2lKXN6mOv+MFSeFvCLkRz8OUUKJnaUwMW5vbTTjkD21XMNJIX/KU+t/NT5b8x+VroSTQt7HfonLPktjc1lxUsgrQl4T1LHu5Ih8NL+wb200R2Dcwrn1bvCR2GrlRudzJGc9tkt8nrH4Fthrj40uYeyp6+g8q+CkkE8m5FxcMrppxxfys24yazMBq3SW4yPzbQklPmvcj8ZUmwkoYRyNpcf+Kjgp5JMJea3BrhKQPY1Vmyc6lxRyrcffpo/s91q/0MdEey4KeTtXlpTW2KSQF4T8jMchShDUGqzV0WJ/9D4CzggY4acaTgp5XxTX+OyzNi5XCWetXxiH4q1lCvloht/aL/lcUzKFvCDkIBUN54yt1mCtjj6qLhFwRsAIf5Vwbv2ee7SPa79fL+EcjaXHfmScZy2+rT02OjKXPbEzOo+Vz6mE/PXr13efffbp/U+wMOp49uy9u6+++s0TDt+8ebOb5kmGnX9KoxuQepaQc3HJjsMcLlsbjQOEJhMlnGfGJkdnTW4zJyr5vdRPmQtqMFCLtxLGBnOHJ1kF51RC/vz5B3effPLxHcQa28uX39yLeirmEHqk+/77P1TTaKKl1EBqwaux25uWnWUvc+35Ijduxma7n/OUkf1e6qfy+o34vxZvkbkcwZPVppXPaYRcRPu7737/hBMRbjlZGqVD/PHp2UoN5KzHIQI/hbzHi7o81kajK60/dQknzp01W8TY7PelJmfJ76V+SmOzN20t3koYe8sYmW8VnNMIec2ZL158eT8qxygdo3AE9KtXv3uSHGkg8D1bqYHUOqwe+9o8tbJXCUgtXz3pI3O59V7wHi40eWplR+ZTU/+j0uZ8nrn4tvbY6BzjUdxoy1kF5/RCjpE2ptKxQcAhvDKtLk7F1DvOy5S8nG/ZzybkXFzS4jVbmsiNu3ajZ2OkLTd4K80GROazrebHpsr5rPF+FKpSH5ljPAqLtpxVcE4t5DICl+/IRbBrQp6fb3F6KUjZWbYwV04ToeFEwAh2SzgZm+W4azlb4rMl39Fpcpz4v3QDdRSuUh+ZYzwKi7acVXBOLeQffviTJ9999wg5gnDvA2enn7/5+c/vfvnFF0/OpddHHv/266/vfvrRR6eUPbJetP00xnr5QFwyNn247PXB0fnO7hPQfx5d5xXL096kpOmnFXJMqUPI0+nyo6bWcfeLQDpjQ7mlu++z8Gg5iIAzAkbwXsJZ+y231k896Wu/YS/h7LE/Ok9UnGcuvoVPSo+Njsrl6BjrtW/lczohh3DL9+L4XXm6yVT76MVuZwo5F5ekHh9zbG00Y1DdWi3hPDM2gZDTrLd+8j6T+/3Mr1NQt1LM5Ri9OfCytwrOqYQcQo2FbflIPHXqET8/KwVuimH0MTvLsQxHbtyMzf7YiOp3Cvl6PtfWeBohx+gbIg0hT6fT8wp9/vkvhj8Q5qzHIUpdKeTCxJh91A4dbFDI+2Miqt8p5Ov5XFvjaYRcfi8OESt9ZEV6/hhXpJVV7drKI31JNEvnemz35imVH7UT6uVgZL7IXNbeCT6Sr9R2qfzIfKZ1m+U45/Osd5ELH6XHRucYJe1s+1VwTiPkZwVASTRL547Ex8UlY9mO3LjPjs3SjEBkPsdGWp/1nM8S532W+3KVZgRyjH2Wx+daBSeFvPD2M3aW/Q0sQsOJgBEeKOFkbF47Nkt+p5Cv53NtjSnkmZCf+ThEcV6p4ZY6dUk/0z4CzggY4dMSTgp5f7SX+Oy3Ni5njrPUH4wr/dYyR+S3nHifyX2utU8hz4QchKLhnLmVGq7V0UfVJwLOCBjhrxxn7XfcR/kW5ZR+x57jPBKPpqyoOM9efFt6bHRULjXxcmRaK58U8gmFnItLxjYha6MZi+7Reo4T/599k8nR2aN/Rh3lfj97FqYUdznGUVxY7a6Ck0I+oZCzs7Q23+38URt3qUPdrqn/VcamP6e5xTw+KeQ5Q+3/51y25zw2pRUnhTwT8rMfh4jwYWc5thFZG81YdI/Wc5z4nyPyR360Rzmf2vxHpc9xUsj7mc+57Lc0NqcVJ4U8E/KSiI514a31Egaro29LGXMmAs4IGOGdHGftfeBjPFm2WsKQ4yznPP9sRJwzLL4tPTY6IpfnR2AdgZVPCvmEQs7FJfWA97hibTQeGFps5DhLN3gtdjzTAFM+K5Dj9CzP01ZEnCW+PTlptZXPCkTksrWuZ6Sz8kkhn1DIS43X6uijgjMCzggY4a8cJ4XcFsU5nzZr43KnOHGc3ziNK7lumUJe58bjSurzHnsU8kzIz34cIpxYarxWR/cER0+eCDgjYJQ4SH1AIU/Z0B9H9DswU8j1vpYcEX0u2DV7Cnkm5Gg0Zzu/1HjPxtQaVBFwRsAIvnOcpd9wt/rFKx0w4RHC6ZbjTK/NdBwR5wyLb+HD/LHREbmcKRZzLFY+KeQTCjkXl+Rh7vu/tdH4oqlby3HOcJMJtJxmrfvM40rq9xlmYVCnPPZSjB51HmVjFZwU8gmFHEHNznJU074d6Y4ryWY574TyztRmvT83Y7Ofu5acqd8p5C2M1dOkXNZTnX/FipNCngn52Y9DlJBiZylM+O+tjcYfUdlijpNCXuap9WzOZ2u+o9OlOCnkNvZTLm2Wxua24qSQZ0KeC+hY99Wt5zisjq6X5HslAs4IGOGVHGfpXeC+3muzhtjE1z+y5Tjl/Gz7iDhnWHwLP+aPjY7I5WzxmOKx8kkhn1TIubgkDXPfY2uj8UVTt5bjzG/u6jnHXslnBnKcY0vvtx4RZ851f+1tOfOZgYhc2hgYm9vKJ4V8UiHPG7DV0WPD8NF6BJwRMILRHCeF/DHOeo5yPntsHJEnxZn3A0eUXyqDQl5ixe9c6vMeqxTyRMhneByiODFvwFZHi93R+wg4I2CEn3KcFHJb9OZ82qyNy53izPuBcaVuW6aQb/NjvZr6vMcWhTwRcpCJhjPDljdgq6OPqlMEnBEwwl8pzhneRS4xhNjEY4RlS3HKuRn3EXHOsvg2f2x0RC5njEnBZOWTQj6pkHNxiYS4/97aaPwRlS2mOHE8y00mR2dlf3mdTf0+yyxMHn8pRq96j7CzCk4K+aRCzs5yRLN+azNi48470nHs7FtmbO5zZEmRxieF3MLk01ktm6WxuVOf95REIU+EfJbHIcKR7Cx7wrktj7XRtJViT5XixDFH5DZOUz5tlsbmTnFSyG1cp1zaLI3NbcVJIU+EPBfPsa7btp5jsTp6uzS/qxFwRsAIj6Q4S+8B9/OazhJiE1/9yJbilHMz7qPhnGnxbf7Y6GhczhiPKSYrnxTySYWci0vSMPc9tjYaXzR1aynO/Maunmv8FeBKZwdSnONL7y8hGs6c5/6a++RMZweicenDwDgrVj4p5JMKed6IrY4eF4JPLUfAGQEjWE1xUsifxlnPfymfPfmPyiM4sU9vmI4qv1YOhbzGjP28+LzXEoU8EfJZHocIZ+aN2Oro3gDR5ouAMwJGiQHhn0IuTPTvo/kdeCnk/f5Gzmg+760thTwRcjSaWRyfN+JZcO0FWgScETDmndAM7yIX34O/9J3kEfmUusy4Fz5nWnwLntLHRgvGGflLMa2Ck0I+qZBzcUnaHH2PIzbumW4y4Q1Os/rGZGpN4nOmWRjgS2NQMKa4ZzxeBee0Qv7q1e/uO4s3b948iQ/8/9lnn95fQ2fy7Nl7d1999ZsnaTT/pB1SGqgaG6PSpthWCchRXKZ2I3LJ2Ew92Hccze8U8j4/p7mi+TzFrjmeUsi///4P9wINIcuFHCL+/PkHd0iD7eXLb+5FvVfMU7Gc5XGI4sAU2yoBKXUfuY/IJYXcHhHR/E4hX8/nvTWeTsghyJ988vHdixdfFkfkpRE40uPTs6VimR732PLOk+KJ1gl5c+FpLyKXs7yLXPyA2JR3kkfkU+ox4174nGnxLXhKHxstGGfkL8W0Cs6phBzT6RhtYxReEnKMwtGBIF26IS0EvmdLxTI97rHlnYeLS7wZfWsvYuOeLTbTGYKIfI6JLB+rwmfKsY9lm5V0hkAw2iyOz70KzqmE/PXr1w9T6SUhl+/NZVpdwgCjeHR0+TS8XN/apx1keryV56hraUNeJSCP4DYil4xNe2RE83va/u21t1ugkNs5rFmwxuZUQp5WsiTkItg1Ic/Pp/Zqx9JBzvQ4RMGaNmSro8Xm6H0EnBEwwk8pTonT0f5rtc/YbGVKn078nnKst+Kfg0Luz6lYFJ/L/9r95YUcHeDeByT+9uuv73760Uf3nSf+n+EDPMA1AxZiOC8m/u7bb+/ef//Pp4oDxOavf/2rqTBdLUZ//OO/nKr9w99//bOf0eeD9EEr3mn6UEI+cmodnQDugGfauLhkjDfg6wib4JwxNjk6GxdB4vfZZmHSOBSM41jwsbwKzlBCPnKxWxqkPiFkt8LO0s5hyUK0xs3YLHlRfy6a3ynkeh/nOaL5PMff+n8oIUelRv38bLbHIaKuFPLWMNali9a4KeQ6/9ZSR/M7hbzmyfbz0XzeXrOnKcMJ+eef/2LIA2FS0XxK0Xn/pZhWCcgj2I7G5UzvIhf/IDblneTR+JQ6zLoHnzMuvk0fG02f+0aPlc9wQo6fqKWPaMVda+9T3eAKuetNRdPXRf3W0neSWx3dj0KXMwLOCBjBuuCcMTaBTdaUCE5dpByfOhLOlN/jmaqXKP1lJC7rtZnnipXPaYX8KIolMNlZ+jBuDUgfFNtWImBEDQQnY3Pbn61Xhc/W9GelA0585EbpLBylcqW/jMRlqR6znbPySSH/09vPZnscIgItbcxWRx8VuBFwRsAo/seeQu4TvZH8DqwUcrvfI/ncUlsK+Z+EHI1mNqenjXk2bLWgi4AzAkbwKzhnehe5+B3Y5J3kglOuzbqPhHPGxbfwqzw2OhKXs8ZjisvKJ4V8YiHn4pI01P2OrY3GD8m2JcE5400mkHOaddt/vVfh9xlnYVAfiUWJzd46HpVvFZwU8omFHMHOztK/yUdr3NJ5+jNhs8jYtPFXy00hrzGjPx+tretr+DYHhfxPQj7bu8jFoewshQm/fbTGTSH38X0kv3NEvp7PLTWmkP9JyEUwLWSOyCu4InVCI3jwtBmNy9neRS6+QGzi659ofAr+Wffgc8bFt+BLHhtNn/tGj5VPCvnkQs7FJb4NBtasjcYfUdmi4JSbuXKq887KTIHgPA9JW8mRcAq3bTU7LpXMFETi8jh2+kuy8kkhn1zIpUFbHd0fYrqcEXBGwAjWBSeFXBeDtdTCZ+36LOeBU9r9LJgEB4VcmPDdW2OTQv7uO1M+DlHCRBq01dFib/Q+As4IGOEnwUkh94la4dPH2jgrwCntflwpfZYp5H287eWyxiaF/N137jtMNJwZN2nQVkcfVbcIOCNghL+A84cffnj4vfZRPmwtB7GJxwhH4rO1bmemA5+zLr6Vx0bT574RYuWTQj65kHNxiW+DgTVro/FHVLYInPjMepPJ0VnZb9az8PmsszASj9hH2FbBSSGfXMjZWfp3F5Eat3Sc/izYLTI27RyWLMDnFPISM/pzkdq6vnaPOSjk775zN+vjEOEmdpaPwep1FKlxU8i9vB5rJoZC7uP3SG3dUmMK+bvvPIilhchReSnk/sxGatwzvotcPILYxFc/kfgU7DPv/9//8T+mHZHLY6Ppc98IsvJJIZ9cyLm4xLfBwJq10fgjKlsETrmRK6c49yzwyWLMc5G0lR7F77/9+utp10WAacwWROFyFZwU8smFnJ1lWyetSRWpcVPINZ7dThvF7xTybT9qrkbxuRUnhfzdd6Z9HCICFg7mqEfTdPfTWhvNfgk+KYCTQu7DJaxE8TuFfD2fW2OTQv7uO1MLJRxMIfdr2JE6dPh+xneRizeAD48QtnZCYm/0PgrOv/3b/zz11Dp8/nfffjvaXS72o/jcipNCPrmQc3GJS3t+YsTaaJ4YG/gPcM5+E8fvS/0D4JdffHE/E+Nv2cciYhKzBhG2SG3dwieFfHIhh3PZWVpC/DZvpMZNIb/1X++ZKH6nkPd6+DZfFJ9bcVLI331n2schSlhSyIUJn7210fig2LcCnBTyfZ5aU0TxO4W81aP76aL43IqTQv7uO9P+ZlPClEIuTPjsrY3GB8W+FeCc9V3kgh6x+fevXsm/U++j+P1vfv7zqafW8eyAF19+ObWvBVwUn1txUsgDCDkXl0iz9NlbG40Pin0rwAmhnHnj96X+3vnpRx9NvYAQv6TArEGELVJbt/BJIQ8g5OwsLSF+mzdS46aQ3/qv90wUv1PIez18my+Kz604KeQU8tvoN5yxBqSh6OasETCiMsBJIW92627CKH6nkO+6sjlBFJ9bcVLI/7RqvTkyTkjIEbkv6dZG44umbg2/1cXXKjNviM1f//pXM0N8wBbF7z/+8V9OPbWOx0b/9c9+9sDrzAdRfG7FSSEPIORcXOLbVVgbjS+aurXZn/AF5Py+tO6/3iuzz8Kg/WDWIMIWpa1bcVLIAwg5O0vfLsPaaHzR1K1RyOvc9FyJ4ncKeY93y3mi+NyKk0JOIS+3gM6z1oDsLFaVLQJGVIhCrnLrbuIofqeQ77qyOUEUn1txUsj/9Paz5sg4ISFH5L6kWxuNL5q6NfxWF1+rzLwhNv/Pf//vZ4b4gC2C3//4xz9Ov8ARj43+0Y/+2QOvMx9E8Dn4s+IMJ+Rv3ry5++yzT++DHXeuz569d/fVV7/pjiXYQGc088bFJb7esTYaXzR1a7M/4QvIwSW/L637UHslCp+zzxoI71HauhVnOCGHiD9//sHd99//4d5XL19+cy/qvWIeQcijNG44xBqQ0gBH7iNgRP0p5L5REMHvUdo6hXyu2Awn5KUR+CeffHyHT89GIe9hrZ4nSmdZr8E8Vyjkvr6IEpsRZjgo5HPFZighxygcAfTq1e+esPjixZf3U+xPTjb+A3uzN/Aod+mgfHYuo2AETvxWF1+rzLzB3++//+czQ3zAFiE2/+Ef/nuIryrg8x9++OGB21kPIvgc3FlxhhJyCDiEV6bVJXgwrY7z+P5cu0UQci4u0Xp1O7210Wxb97s6+xO+pKZoQxG2CH6PsrA1SmxG8DnajhVnKCEXwa4JeX4eBKGT4YccMAYYA4wBxsDMMWC5Gb68kO+RA8dG2IjTz0vk0o9LWCKf6/FJn8/l81BCPmpq3dclY6yx4fjxSi79uIQl8rken/T5XD4PJeSjFrv5umSMNTYcP17JpR+XsEQ+1+OTPp/L56GEHNSN+PmZr0vGWGPD8eOVXPpxCUvkcz0+6fO5fB5OyD///BfuD4TxdckYa2w4frySSz8uYYl8rscnfT6Xz8MJ+evXr588ohUB1ftUN3ZCvsEYhU92Qr5+J5/r8Umfz+XzcELuSx9HEyvyyU7I1+vkcz0+6fO5fE4h58/PXCMyQgOPgBFOIU7X0CSfjnQyNh3JdGjrywu5rztojQyQATJABsjAsQxQyI/lm6WRATJABsgAGXBlgELuSieNkQEyQAbIABk4lgEK+bF8szQyQAbIABkgA64MUMhd6aQxMkAGyAAZIAPHMkAhP5ZvlkYGyAAZIANkwJWBZYVcXomKn1HggyfG9bzP3NUbmTE8/EbwpfvPPvs0S3nOv+ALj8zFy2zybSZ+5WU7uX9n4BfYPvnk4wc/f/jhT274xDsG8jQvX36TUz70f/jz+fMPHnACD/hLN7ShNE7luPR64TSf5zFwIiZRdulxzihrhthMuSr5fIbYTP0CPCU+Z4jNFCfaBXyfx1zKt8RlKV1qy/s4bT+CAZymW29sLinkQpZ0hnA6SJ5FIMWx3333+/ugxH62DaKIDggBmQv5TPzCt9Kx50J+Nr/ABv7QycgmHU7qc8QmhFPwS5q8sxIb3vvcn8ABPMAlmFAmzuFz1iY4JR7lBg7nZZM0Z7Z99DPgTm6EXrz48kZ8zo5N4Uv20tZTLnHt7NgUfNgjFqWt523j7NgEvtKNUIrfEptLCnnJqSAxvztKST7jeEZM4AEdJBq2BJ50nMLRLPwCH7BIR5mKDrCezS8EuRRz6BxF3Gsd+l6nIL7w2EtnndqSmxARRFw7ElOKRY6BM78Zh/8Rq7KdHZsy0kbspRu4Q5zKdnZsCg7sBQtuOlPcM8RmihO+BY/AmQv52bFZ4yrHjzqkm3CfnisdLynkeaMBMXL3ngdAibSjzqFTyh17VNm1ciCGaCgITOEsF/IZ+AUmdOzAWxPyGfkF7xAeER80ZPCd34Tgei5aNZ+NOC9xIOIjwo64mGlD+xEugWuG2Czxk+OaJTZlSl3aUCrkM8UmbiiFw1zIZ4jNFkEW/Gl8SB+7p0vLCbl0QGlAgjhxdi5KKalHH8tICA5GcOKT4z4ak3CFvQRZytks/KIDEvGTTkj+F85m5Rf+lhE5sOP/fENHnwpUfn30/zLCkBE59ohPCKfEKo5l+ng0npJ9ERrBOEts5ljBE3yccjVLbMoNo/SPaf8zS2zCr+AP2MTnqfDNEJtoz/Ap+JT2kd6IW2NzOSEvBSQaVu183uiO+h+NWjrGtEw0ejSgGbaSkNd4rJ0/oh4lIZ+V37wjQmOvCXnp/BF8ogzgQsckGzoqxGt6U4djYMxvoCTPqL3cZEj7kfJrMVg7Pwqf2BVfA2fapmeJTeCDj8FfiaNZYhN9Ij7YhFPglW2G2ASP+KQ3a/C53IyX+AX+2nmpm+wp5H9iopUwIe6sPQL1jM6xVN/IQl6qD86dyS8aOXwLDLLN0lkKHuxlhNMyjY76pCKV2jniGB38lhgBw9ltH34HRhGjGi9HxqbEosxmlDiaITaBDzEmAgmOcGMEvHvb2bEpnKIfleO07Wticzkht05h7AXH6Osini2d6FFYgEm2GfktjcgFb74/i1/whs4cnWO6ATs6nHxDOrmbz6+N/F9Gu3mHUysTGPcEqpbX47zgRYc/Y2xKHUWARJDkfLo/MjbhtzQWS0JzdmzCn2gbaSwKjy1CfnZspvGYHqc+F97TPja9LsfLCTkqXroTO7KRCPk9e8HZEqg99jV5BEseZLPx2yPkR/KLsmqdinRMaOjpVkufpvE+ltEP+GzdckFozeeVLu8gZ4tNqae0pa0bdEkzOjZhH6Pa2gc+xXZ2bEr5NZx7cXql2FxSyDFCyEcJCAo08lk2GUnkDRs4MXKbYZOOJRfy2fgtCfks/EIc0RGlo5/UtzWciFXEwlGbfM9YK7Pkc2A7EmdJpIU/idESziPbfo5H/CcYcOMhabBPN6Q5q+2LuKf+r+E80ucpPzgGPrSn9Gan5HOkPRJnqSzhT7CWcEpc5PXM/19SyKXzxB4biCxNa+ZkHf1/PupCI8c5wX00nry8mpDPxm9JyFGXs/kVntCAtzbEJtLIqFxEVTqArbwe16S8tBPP7UpdUvFBenB81Aac4Cqdns47R8GJPbYz2n4ed8AL3Cm/eZqz2z54gkCmGMHf2bGZxxbw5UIuPp8hNqUNAzdu3hGzsgnOnthcUshBnHTucDo+IDUlWcg9cw88wCUY0WjEyWfikrJrQo7rM/ErWHL/ns0vOmvxbb7HHbxs4BmCJGmOjANwJOWW9ulMAmIT2CTdGW1KOnLBAN/nm8SDpDkaZynucoEspTmz7deE/MzYzP2K/8X/+U3ujLGZ+xz4e2NzWSEvBQHEqdTQAAAEqklEQVTPkQEyQAbIABmIxgCFPJrHiJcMkAEyQAbIQMIAhTwhg4dkgAyQATJABqIxQCGP5jHiJQNkgAyQATKQMEAhT8jgIRkgA2SADJCBaAxQyKN5jHjJABkgA2SADCQMUMgTMnhIBsgAGSADZCAaAxTyaB4jXjJABsgAGSADCQMU8oQMHpIBMkAGyAAZiMYAhTyax4iXDJABMkAGyEDCAIU8IYOHZIAMkAEyQAaiMUAhj+Yx4iUDZIAMkAEykDBAIU/I4CEZIANkgAyQgWgMUMijeYx4yQAZIANkgAwkDFDIEzJ4SAZmZwCvN5VXh269RrZWD7w6Efmibah3+p7xaPiJlwyMZIBCPpJd2iYDzgykQq413SP82jJGpMe7pPE+dm5kgAyUGaCQl3nhWTIwJQMrCvnnn//iDjMJ3MgAGSgzQCEv88KzZOB0BjCVjJHou+++c/958eLLu1TI8xH2mzdv7qfdJT32IoCSVq7J9DwqCaGU89jjGmxhwx7nUHaKJc0vRKGs1I6ULdcxsn7+/IOHNCi3ZUOe7777fTGp1AtliW1whLLS8nDt++//ULTBk2QgOgMU8ugeJP5LMgABhfjIlDL+FyEVERURwx4bziOPfJcs10VQ5X9JL3k+/PAnD8INsYMQisiKkEOgIYzYxA7EXTYcI43YFlGXspEX1+V/YEzrJ3byPdIBT20TLGm9hae0XjhGGm5k4IoMUMiv6FXWKTwDIoQiyqgQRBZiWBNyiJUIf4kAET0RW9hOxVXypKInQp7bRRp8ZIPY5mnkGvYl0RZx3xopgwe5qUjtybHUSW4QcF64kxuP9Bzqw40MXI0BCvnVPMr6XIIBGV3nlYFg1oRcRsW4ngqb2BDREyGX8xBS5MVHRrMyChYhx7V0S/Fh2rt0QyDpazcMtfOSD3vgSQU5vYbjUp1EyNMbhNK53Bb/JwNRGaCQR/UccV+agXzEK5XdEnKkgWCJGENccSyj+pLoQZCRDuVBrCGaOG4Rckkjdks3D8AkMwkop/TJbxKkrtijDMGfnpdjKRt72UqiXTon6bknA9EZoJBH9yDxX5KBdMSbVnBPyNO0EC+kl++Gc9GTkXQ+4tUKudipCbmMvPNyUqylY9gV7KXrOJfXCedKol06V7PJ82QgGgMU8mgeI94lGBDhSUejMrKFyGMriVhODka7MnKW/DJ6lTLSKWjkR3rJszW1LmkkD0b/tQ2CLLgljdwACB45L3tg3xqtI12Jg1K9SuekHO7JQHQGKOTRPUj8l2VAFohBTPGRKXMRxFzE0vQgBTcBqYCKkGNkjGvyv4hlWoaIdKuQi1CKKMM2bAhWlIlpdaQTbLWvD8ShwA6x39pyDpBWsKQ3KKVzW3Z5jQxEYoBCHslbxLoUAxBbEW+IoIyuRRxzEcvTI0++4ht5cR4iik0EFuekDBE92GsVctiSfKmt1GEoC+Is14EF9ksbypabidJ1OZdzgPOCg0IuLHF/dQYo5Ff3MOtHBsgAGSADl2aAQn5p97JyZIAMkAEycHUGKORX9zDrRwbIABkgA5dmgEJ+afeycmSADJABMnB1BijkV/cw60cGyAAZIAOXZuD/Bz+7WlNsxwNhAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
<p>A constant frictional force of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>N</mtext></math> opposes the motion. What is the final kinetic energy of the object after it has moved <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>50</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>m</mtext></math>?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>J</mtext></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>500</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>J</mtext></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>600</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>J</mtext></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1100</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>J</mtext></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is moving in a straight line. A force <em>F </em>and a resistive force <em>f </em>act on the object along the straight line.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_16.20.45.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/09"></p>
<p>Both forces act for a time <em>t</em>.</p>
<p>What is the rate of change of momentum with time of the object during time <em>t </em>?</p>
<p>A. <em> F </em>+ <em>f </em></p>
<p>B. <em> F –</em> <em>f</em></p>
<p>C. (<em>F </em>+ <em>f </em>)<em>t</em></p>
<p>D. (<em>F –</em> <em>f </em>)<em>t </em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A person with a weight of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>600</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>N</mtext></math> stands on a scale in an elevator.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the acceleration of the elevator when the scale reads <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>900</mn><mo> </mo><mtext>N</mtext></math>?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mtext>m s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> downwards</p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mtext>m s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> downwards</p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mtext>m s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> upwards</p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mtext>m s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> upwards</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A moving system undergoes an explosion. What is correct for the momentum of the system and the kinetic energy of the system when they are compared immediately before and after the explosion?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A climber of mass <em>m</em> slides down a vertical rope with an average acceleration <em>a</em>. What is the average frictional force exerted by the rope on the climber?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. <em>mg</em><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <em>m</em>(<em>g + a</em>)<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <em>m</em>(<em>g – a</em>)<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. <em>ma</em></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A box is accelerated to the right across rough ground by a horizontal force <em>F</em><sub>a</sub>. The force of friction is <em>F</em><sub>f</sub>. The weight of the box is <em>F</em><sub>g</sub> and the normal reaction is <em>F</em><sub>n</sub>. Which is the free-body diagram for this situation?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-12_om_09.07.56.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/04"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The tension in a horizontal spring is directly proportional to the extension of the spring. The energy stored in the spring at extension <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math> is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math>. What is the work done by the spring when its extension changes from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>x</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math>?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>E</mi><mn>16</mn></mfrac></math></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>E</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>E</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></span></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>15</mn><mi>E</mi></mrow><mn>16</mn></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A projectile is fired horizontally from the top of a cliff. The projectile hits the ground 4 s later at a distance of 2 km from the base of the cliff. What is the height of the cliff?</p>
<p>A. 40 m</p>
<p>B. 80 m</p>
<p>C. 120 m</p>
<p>D. 160 m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A tennis ball is released from rest at a height <em>h</em> above the ground. At each bounce 50 % of its kinetic energy is lost to its surroundings. What is the height reached by the ball after its second bounce?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{8}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>8</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. zero</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is released from a stationary hot air balloon at height <em>h</em> above the ground.</p>
<p>An identical object is released at height<em> h</em> above the ground from another balloon that is rising at constant speed. Air resistance is negligible. What does <strong>not</strong> increase for the object released from the rising balloon?</p>
<p>A. The distance through which it falls</p>
<p>B. The time taken for it to reach the ground</p>
<p>C. The speed with which it reaches the ground</p>
<p>D. Its acceleration</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kg</mi></math> is falling vertically through the air. The drag force acting on the object is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>60</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></math>. What is the best estimate of the acceleration of the object?</p>
<p>A. Zero</p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A car takes 20 minutes to climb a hill at constant speed. The mass of the car is 1200 kg and the car gains gravitational potential energy at a rate of 6.0 kW. Take the acceleration of gravity to be 10 m s<sup>−2</sup>. What is the height of the hill?</p>
<p>A. 0.6 m</p>
<p>B. 10 m</p>
<p>C. 600 m</p>
<p>D. 6000 m<br><br></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A stone is thrown downwards from the edge of a cliff with a speed of 5.0 m s<sup>–1</sup>. It hits the ground 2.0 s later. What is the height of the cliff?</p>
<p>A. 20 m</p>
<p>B. 30 m</p>
<p>C. 40 m</p>
<p>D. 50 m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was well answered by the majority of candidates and had a high discrimination index.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A person is standing at rest on the ground and experiences a downward gravitational force <em>W</em> and an upward normal force from the ground <em>N</em>. Which, according to Newton’s third law, is the force that together with <em>W</em> forms a force pair?</p>
<p>A. The gravitational force <em>W</em> acting upwards on the ground.</p>
<p>B. The gravitational force <em>W</em> acting upwards on the person.</p>
<p>C. The normal force <em>N</em> acting upwards on the person.</p>
<p>D. The normal force <em>N</em> acting downwards on the ground.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An increasing force acts on a metal wire and the wire extends from an initial length <em>l</em><sub>0</sub> to a new length <em>l</em>. The graph shows the variation of force with length for the wire. The energy required to extend the wire from <em>l</em><sub>0</sub> to <em>l </em>is <em>E</em>.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_15.56.50.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/07"></p>
<p>The wire then contracts to half its original extension.</p>
<p>What is the work done by the wire as it contracts?</p>
<p>A. 0.25<em>E</em></p>
<p>B. 0.50<em>E</em></p>
<p>C. 0.75<em>E</em></p>
<p><em>D. E </em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The variation with time<em> t</em> of the acceleration <em>a</em> of an object is shown.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display:block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="314" height="230"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">What is the change in velocity of the object from <em>t</em> = 0 to <em>t</em> = 6 s?<br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. 6 m s<sup>–1</sup><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. 8 m s<sup>–1</sup><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. 10 m s<sup>–1</sup><br></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. 14 m s<sup>–1</sup></span></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two blocks X and Y rest on a frictionless horizontal surface as shown. A horizontal force is now applied to the larger block and the two blocks move together with the same speed and acceleration.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which free-body diagram shows the frictional forces between the two blocks?</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two blocks of masses <em>m</em> and 2<em>m</em> are travelling directly towards each other. Both are moving at the same constant speed <em>v</em>. The blocks collide and stick together.</p>
<p>What is the total momentum of the system before and after the collision?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Response A was the most common (correct) response, however response D was a significant distractor for candidates who took momentum to be a scalar quantity.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A block of weight <em>W</em> slides down a ramp at constant velocity. A friction force <em>F</em> acts between the bottom of the block and the surface of the ramp. A normal reaction <em>N</em> acts between the ramp and the block. What is the free-body diagram for the forces that act on the block?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeQAAAHACAYAAABzkxvZAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAACOMSURBVHhe7d1/cNTloe/xz0a0BTGloGfIEg4cEhN1GoUQ0QotqUAofyhMbOWq5ccktIf680INWId7bu+pxUEZHTXV9g9yNLT1+IOodTqagLnYSWyrgND0tBKTDBxCQovmQoxAmXRz97v7LGxCCNnN/nj2u+9XZye7z6Yzre73eX+f/T7Z9fT5CQAAJFWG+QkAAJKIIAMAYIFBg+xrrtJCj0ce78Oq7/aZUQCIXu/uzcp15pUBN++KzarZ3SlmGqS7QYJ8Si0Nb6vupmIVq061u7rMOACMVLEe3/WZnK0rgds/2vWLSdt12y0/0euHT5vfAdLTuUH2HVDDS3tUsnK17izo0NZf/laHOXUFEA8Zk1S8cqlKOt/WG3/4qxm0QO9ubc49z7uEvo9UtdAr7/p6dZshIBYGBNmn7p3V2lB3lRYUfl1zl85RZ9V/qrbllHkeAOJhnCaOG23uW+DoQTW1+n92vqlf7jjU/+30v/5Z79ZJBflejTVDQCwMCHKXdtXWqbOkVLfOyFLuwv+hsqwGvdRwgOs7AGLPd1g7n6/R6R8+qv9ZfLkZTDb/wuQvu7RdOSou/oKqfv6OWsImwN6ONjXKq+lTLx98Ew4Qpf6vp+4/qnZrh0qW3qRc/zMZk76uu5Z5VffSe/1ekAAQnZ2qKLrs7Kaui7I179HfaP/hDh0/Ycskc1pHDrSoU/N1z6YKlTW9rYYz7xKeUtu+99WqIt1w9TgzBsRGWJD9Z4W7dmhr5xwtnTPVPDFeRQtLlFUX/oIEgGgN2NTVd1z7t/1Q+dUrdfOPd1pyTbZH7fvbpJJZurZonn9R0qYNW94z/9vMczm5mnLFqMAIECtng+w7pB2/fNN/VviKyvNHmzPYi/SleY8Gxs6+IAEgVjKVV7pW/2vdTHVu26OPe81wMvUe1J5tu5U1faomZgQXJdq6Q7uczV2+T3Rgb4eybivUlfQYMXYmyL6Wd/Tzqk9VsuUv+seZs1fndlTvOAdL6AUJAPGQM16Xhb1nlyy+tn3a3pqjBTdc6T9dyFBm0XwtC/0JKBu6EEfm5W/+9jhrpdZ/Ky9s2ewwb1t38jfJAGLttDrrf6ofP/Z3lf3rvMDeleTyqae9RU2arIIpXw4OZV6rhcv8i+TaP6qLDV2Io+BrKvC3xw3KWjZfRZkDX2b+M8Ti5XqkpCPwguzWIdWsyJUnd7N22/D2EoAUMmBTl+cL8v74hJa9s01PlU4JTkidNVrhfy53824lfooxG7qyvqrCK8eYsctVXH63Crb+Rq/v+QsbuhA3fNsTAJzhLDi+oduOPKz9b5UpL7Q+cT4MZNHNKq/rlHIe166PHtRMriEjxnjXBQBCev+mtsZW5Sy4TtPCZ8eMqZqzdE7gLhu6EC+skAEgCs3NzYGfeXl5gZ/ASLFCBoAonDhxQvn5+Zo1a5Y2btyouro6tbe3m2eByLFCBoAonDx5UmPGhDZ+nbV48WJVVlYqOzvbjADDwwoZAKIwevRorVq1yjw6q6KighgjKgQZAKL0ta99zdwLeu211zR79mzzCIgMQQaAKN14443mnvTcc88FriVzHRnR4hoyAIyA8wEnDQ0NgZVxY2Oj1qxZo5qaGt62RsQIMgCMgLMiDo8vUUa0CDIAxBhRRjS4hgwAMea8ff3kk0+qtLSUa8oYNoIMAHFAlBEpggwAcUKUEQmCDABxRJQxXAQZAOKMKGM4CDIAJABRxoUQZABIEKKMoRBkAEggoozzIcgAkGBEGYMhyACQBEQZAxFkAEgSooxwBBkAkogoI4QgA0CSEWU4CDIAWIAogyADgCWIcnojyABgEaKcvggyAFiGKKcnggwAFiLK6YcgA4CliHJ6IcgAYDGinD4IMgBYjiinB4IMACmAKLsfQQaAFEGU3Y0gA0AKIcruRZABIMUQZXciyACQgoiy+xBkAEhRRNldCDIApDCi7B4EGQBSHFF2B4IMAC5AlFMfQQYAlyDKqY0gA4CLEOXURZABwGWIcmoiyADgQkQ59RBkAHApopxaCDJc5JBqVuTK4/EMcvNqYdVH8pnfBNIFUY6BzhqtGHRecW63q6r5lPnFkSHIcI/ev6mtsVVZ697R8b4+9fW7dai27Cpe8EhLRHlkejva1KiZWvfO0QHzinN7WWV5XzS/OTLMT3CPowfV1JqlgnyvxpohAEFEOVq9/qmlRa2apvzs+M4sBBmuETyL9Wr61Mt5YQODIMrROKWOtv1SVq6mTrzEjMUH8xZc4pTa9r2fkLNYIJUR5Qj52rVvuz/IBbnKHhvfZBJkuESP2ve3+X++ovL80QM2XXjkLa/RYXZ0AQFEOQI9Hdrf1CnVlSv/ov7zisdToPKagzHbLEqQ4Q6+T3Rgb4e0fJs6ztl00aeOLaWaxKsdOIMoD4/vyAHt7czxTy3/fc680tfXpC2lU2IWUqaoVNO7W5tz/Wdm3odV3z3gvMz3kaoWeuVdX69uM5Q2zFlsTsEUXWGGAAyNKF+ITz3tLWrSZBVM+bIZix+CnGoCO4n9Pzvf1C93HOr/Vslf/6x365SWu4xDZ7Gzp/2TRpkxABdGlIdyWkcOtKhT+Zrmjc2fNg2FIKcUn7r/skvblaPi4i+o6ufvqCWsyOm7yzixZ7GA2xDl8zF7U3JyNeWK+J/qE+SUEjpbm697NlWorOltNbSEPiEmtMu4SDdcPc6MpYsT+njP7xJ2Fgu4EVEeRO9B7dm22/8PZ5q8CXjrjSCnFHO2VjJL1xbN013L2rRhy3vmenFiz+TsMlYzH/y/6uv7mUqzeMMaiBZRHmDUTD3Y0qe+F0qVZYbiiSCnEnO2ljV9qiZmjFfRwhJp6w7tcjZ3mV3GWbcV6koXN6mrq0vNzc3mEYBYI8rJQ5BTiK9tn7a35mjBDVcq0/+vLrNovpapTrW7uly7oevkyZPau3evKisrtWTJEk2YMEGvvvqqeRZAPBDl5CDIKWOQjUuZ12rhMv8iufaP6nLhhq5169ZpzJgxmjFjhu677z698cYbgfG5c+cGfgKIn3SKsnPSX11dre9+97uqq/OvbJLE0+f8dTNSwCk1Vy1X/oZcvfPRI7o5M5hdX3OVFhX/l5b+n2Mq/97F2tZR6ZrrqM4k4EwGH3zwgRkJ+vTTTzV+/HjzCEA8NTY2as2aNaqpqVF2drYZTW3Opa+dO3fq97//vR5//HEzGpTM+YUVcso4qj+9u+ecz1PNyL1JSwte9Me4ynUbupyD/1e/+pWuuOLsR30sXryYGAMJ5MaV8ujRo/XWW2+dE+Nkzy8EOVWY7/rNWXCdpoX/W8uYqjlL5wTuum1Dl3P9eNOmTbr//vt1/fXXB8bmz58f+AkgcdwWZSfITz/9tFauXGlGgpI9vxDkVGG237c8OHPAJ1F9UXllLwc+V7Vj083KNKOpzomxE+LrrrtOGzZsCLxd5kR5zpzgyQeAxHLrNeX8/HxzT4H9KslEkGGd8Bjfe++9gTHn7WsnyuEHD4DEckuUQ3PMqFGj9N5772nVqlWB8cLCwsDPZGFTl0s58erp6dGNN96ovLw8M2q/wWIMwC6pvNErNMc4nLetnbevnbFXXnlFy5cvD4wnC0F2KWfr/sKFC80jqaKiInB95JprrrH2ACLGQOpIxSgPFmObEGSXcrb1Ox+iMZDz1oyNL0RiDKSeVIqy7TF2cA3ZpZyt+84W/nDEGEAspco15VSIsYMgu1j4Fn7nb3nvuOMOYgwgpmyPcqrE2EGQXSz0J0LOytjZSfjQQw8F3mKyBTEG3MHWKKdSjB1cQ3ax0Isx9EJ0DhTngHEOHOcASiZiDLiPTdeUUy3GDoKcZmyIMjEG3MuGKKdijB28ZZ1mnAPEOVCcAyYZb18TY8Ddkv32darG2EGQ01CyokyMgfSQrCincowdBDlNJTrKxBhIL4mOcqrH2EGQ01iiokyMgfSUqCi7IcYOgpzm4h1lYgykt3hH2S0xdhBkxC3KxBiAI15RdlOMHQQZAbGOMjEGEC7WUXZbjB0EGWfEKsrEGMBgYhVlN8bYQZDRz0ijTIwBDGWkUXZrjB0EGeeINsrEGMBwRBtlN8fYQZAxqEijTIwBRCLSKLs9xg6CjPMabpSJMYBoDDfK6RBjB0HGkC4UZWIMYCQuFOV0ibGDIOOCzhdlYgwgFs4X5XSKsYOvX8SwOQeKc8A4B05hYSExBhBTzgm/c+LvLAAmTJiQVjF2EGRExInykiVL5PV6VVJSQowBxJQT5QceeEB5eXm69NJL0ybGDoKMiDlRnjx5snjpAIiH+vp6zZs3TydOnEibGDsIMqLi8XgIMoC4Scc5hk1dAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMgAAFiDIAABYgCADAGABggwAgAUIMoalq6tLHo/nzM0Rul9ZWRl4DADRam9vT/s5hiBjWMaPH69t27aZR2ddf/31uvPOO80jAIhOdna2fvKTn5hHZ6XTHEOQMWyLFi0KHBzhHnrooUCsAWCkVq9endZzDEHGsI0ePVpPPvmkeSQtXrxYpaWl5hEAjIwTXifAIek2xxBkRGT27NlatWpV4P6PfvSjwE8AiBXnnTgnxI50m2Mu8v8fZlZFRK666qrAannZsmVmBABi4+KLL9bkyZM1YcKEtJtjPH1+5j4wbCdPngxEGQDiwfnLjnTbn0KQAQCwANeQAQCwAEHG0DprtMJTpPX1n5iBIN/hGpV7PfKsqFGnGQvwfaSqhV5519er2wwBwOB6/VPManm8D6u+22fGHKd1uOZeeT25WlFzyIwF+ZqrtHCQOckNCDKG4ZiOHDtp7juO6cMXq1TllLixTR29wVH/oaLundXaUFeotbcXKtOMAsCQOrt07POwIPfs1YvPOCf7rf4p5m/+bId8op1bnlVd8V26fZb7ri8TZETMd7hezz7xG/MojK9Zr256Xior0x0zxplBAIiEf3VcV60ndvZ77y3A1/xrbXrs7yq7r1QzxrovXwQZQ7tiigpyTvhXyJ/7178OszpWmdatvSkwEhS2Or77Zk3ilQXggkb5p5hc5ci/Qv7MrIPN6lgPrNPanOBQUGh1XKa7Sya7Ml5MmxiGTrV2BYMcXB0fVFnlGt2WdYnU2qKDR/0HEqtjAFE7qq5AkM3qeH+pKtfcqiz/SGvTQf+z7l8dOwgyImBWx/nOGWqeJk/LN+M+9Xz4lrayOgYwEoHV8dvKX7tcJVP+WdNmh5bI/rnn1zWuXh07mDoxtIxLNT4nSyeOHldPaHU88AzVd0h1z1ZpP6tjABHKuGy8cvSZjh4/blbH39R9d0zXWPO848w7cy5eHTsIMobmD/K4iWPUeeRPqnl6o1kdh5+hNukPL27RM1Vf0LK7vs7qGEBEMi4bp4nOX3K0vqmn760Jro4nXWKe9Wv8rV583tm3covumu/e1bGD6RPDU/2AyvtdvwltxnhPj1U8qp0ld6u8+PLg7wJARFpV/b3v6zGVhq2Ov6wpBZP9Tz2lig17VPLIchVnujtZBBnDd97rNzO1bv2tyuPVBCBqWSoeuDoOyVqp9d/Kc32wmEJxAaM1bqJzXfgr579+w+oYQLQuHaeJznbqrPDVcbistFgdO/hyCQAALMAKGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALDAuUHuaVb9q5u1wuuRxxO8eVdsVs3uTvnMrwBApHp3b1aumVP63b6xXlX1zeoxvwekq/5B7nlfm28p1nfevEjf2XlcfX196vtsv14oaNK9Rd/VE7uPmV8EgGgU6/FdnwXnlsDtuPY/PFHvfqdYt2x+nygjrYUF+Zh2/+zfVeH/z5s/fUAL8jKDw2PztGDtv6uy7KAqHq5RM8tkADGTqbwF92hjZan2V2zWy82nzDiQfs4GuXuPXn5ij0qWLdKMsQPeyc6YrJL1v9D+bSuVd+6b3AAwApdo0vxSLctq0EsNB7g0hrR1Jq+9H+/Rts58Lbgue5ALyxn+hfJ1yhsYagCIhbFe5RdITfs7eNsaaYvCAki+jEs1buIYdR45ps/NEJBuzgQ547LxyjH3ASChfJ/r2JETypo4TpeaISDdnA3yxKmanrVf2/e1D3oNp3f3T7V6c412d542IwAQIz0d2t8kFeR7NdYMAenm7FvWmYW6fW2h6ra+pQ97Bib5E/325f/Qz5/YpeOXjjJjABALp3V4R422ds7R0jlTuY6GtBX22h+nmav/TY/7/3PLPU9pe3N3cLinWds3/0DfeWyCfviLe1ScyeECIFa61bz9p3r43ne1YMu/6fa8L5pxIP30r+vYWXrwzZ36xdwj2pj/peCn6FyWrxVNBarc9bweuXlS8L/QWaMV/udyN+9Wb+C/CADDsVMVRZcF55bA7UvK33hEc3+xTT8t+8rZt6uZY5CGPH3Ox+UAAICk4v1nAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGQAACxBkAAAsQJABALAAQQYAwAIEGYgV84UIZ784Ifx2u6qaT5lfBIBzEWQgRno72tSomVr3zlE539nS//ayyvhqQQBDIMhATPTq6MEWtWqa8rPPfIkgAAwbQQZi4pQ62vZLWbmaOvESMwYAw0eQB9Wj3Zu/IY+nSOvrPzFjIafUXHW7PN6HVd/tM2NIe7527dvuD3JBrrLHclgBiBwzx6D+nw42HfL/3K2tv/ytDvfr7lH96d09TLzor6dD+5s6pbpy5V80cENXgcprDorTNwBDoSiD6f5Yf9jeqqziYv1L1X+qtiVsd2zv39TW6H9u+lRN5J8eDN+RA9rbmaPl2/57kA1dTdpSOoWDDcCQmCMGEZpcF9zzv/WDsja91HDgzOrG17ZP21v9z91wpTLNGNKdTz3tLWrSZBVM+bIZA4DIEORzhCbXQs29dpbm31Wipg3V2hm4XszEi8Gc1pEDLepUvqZ5+dMmANEhyOc4oY/3/E6dgd2yX1Rm0XwtU51qd3X5nzMTb9ZXVXjlmOCvA+pR+/42KSdXU64YZcYAIDIEeaDQbtkFRbo60/+PJ/NaLVwmba39o7rZ0IXB9B7Unm27pdnT5KXHAKJEVQYyu2VzCqboisDAeBUtLPEXeYd2dXWyoQvnGjVTD7b0qe+FUmWZIQCIFFkZILiha6ZuK5yi4GInQ5nFy/VIwbuqff33amJDFwAgDghyP73665/eV93Ajz/MmKo5SyfpsfIHVM2GLvh1dTl7CgAgdghyP+bjD3Nm6bpp4btlv6jcOd9UiXOXDV1pyQlwXV2dNm7cqFmzZulnP/uZeQYAYsPT53xyAaJy8uTJwG38+PFmBG5TWVmpHTt26I033jAjQbW1tSopCZyiAUBMsEIegU8//VQTJkzQkiVLVF1drb179wYCDfeYMWPGOTF2FBUVmXsAEBuskEfIefvygw8+MI+CVq1apYqKCuXl5ZkRpLLGxkbNmTPHPJIWL16s119/3TwCgNhghTxCzup4MJMnTzb3kOo+/PBD3XLLLeaRNH/+fHMPSK7e3ZuV6/HIu75e3WYsxNdcpYWDfmMdEueQalbkhn3RTPjNq4VVH/X70hmCPEJz584194LuuOMOPf300xo9erQZQSpzriHv27dPL730khoaGgJjztvYQPL16ujBFrX673VurdGOw6eDwwHn+YsRJFboy4jWvaPj/b5wxrl1qLbsqn4RJsgjdPXVV5t7CqyimpubA9eWkfpCMQ6dYM2ePTsQ5cLCQvMbQDId01/+sEvKuknF//K2fl7bFrbaMn8xEvgI4EvMGBLu6EE1tWapIN+r4ZwWEeQRcnZYO9cUnevGzirqqaeeUmlpqdrb281vIBUNjHGIE2Xe/YAVfJ/owN4OacE92vSDb6rppffUcuZr6QZ8BDCSorejTY3yavrUy4cVW/5NxYCzgSt8FfXkk08S5RR2vhgDVgl8zK9UMrdQRfNLtazpWW3Zaa4Xn/MRwEi8U2rb975aI7hsQJBjYOCqiSinLmKMVNH78R5t6zSrr35fgjPYRwAj8cy3wOkVleePNhu5zt685TU6HL6jy48gxwlRTj3EGKkjtPoq0g1Xj/M/DvsSnO7TbOiyQeiSwvJt6jhnQ1efOraUatKAAhPkOCLKqYMYI7UM/A7ujLDvbj/Mhi4bRHHZgCDHGVG2HzFGyjGrr6zbCnVl6D3pzJtU/sg0ba2t1Z6mQ2zoSrLgZYMczZ72T8O+bMC/rQQgyvYixkhJf/2z3q3TgD+nCX4JTsFj39f3qlvZ0JVUPvW0t6gpwm8HJMgJQpTtQ4yRqoJ/TpOvBddl95vEM3Jv0tKSLP89NnQl1wl9vOd36vT/O5rmDf/mwKHxWdYJ5nwu8po1a1RTU6Ps7GwzikQjxgBswwo5wVgpJx8xBmAjgpwERDl5iDEAWxHkJCHKiUeMkY6cz9d3boivrq6uwCXJkSDISUSUE4cYI10dOHBA+fn5ge9u37hxo+rq6gLxwMicPHlSe/fuVXV1deBreCdMmKDnn3/ePBsdNnVZgI1e8UWMkc6c+DqxGMj5UpyqqqrAF+QgMs6cct9995lHZ73wwgtavny5eRQ5VsgWYKUcP8QY6S70jXQDOV+KQ4yjU15eHviGv4GuvfZacy86BNkSRDn2iDEQNH/+fHMv6LXXXgvMOYiOM58488pXv/pVMxI0ffp0cy86BNkiRDl2iDFw1owZM8w96bnnngtcS2aOGZktW7YErs2vXLky8Nh5x2GkuIZsIa4pjwwxBvpzNiCNGTNGDQ0NgRN/5piRCZ9jHPfff78WLVoUWEyNBEG2FAdMdIgxMDjnT5/y8vLMI+aYaA02xzgnPM5tpNfkCbLFOGAiQ4yByDDHRCbecwzXkC3GNeXhI8ZA5Jhjhi8RcwxBthwHzIURYyB6zDEXlqg5hiCnAA6Y8yPGwMgxx5xfIucYgpwiOGDORYyB2GGOOVei5xiCnEI4YM4ixkDsMceclYw5hiCnGA4YYgzEE3NM8uYYgpyC0vmAIcZA/DHHJGeOIcgpKh0PGGIMJA5zTOLnGIKcwtLpgCHGQOIxxyQWQU5x6XDAEGMgeZhjEocgu4CbDxhiDCQfc0xiEGSXcOMBQ4wBezDHxB9BdhE3HTDEGLAPc0x8EWSXccMBQ4wBezHHxA9BdqFUPmCIMWA/5pj4IMgulYoHDDEGUgdzTOwRZBdLpQOGGAOphzkmtgiyy6XCAUOMgdTFHBM7BDkN2HzAEGMg9THHxAZBThM2HjDEGHAP5piRI8hpxKYDhhgD7sMcMzIEOc3YcMAQY8C9mGOiR5DTUDIPGGIMuB9zTHQIcppKxgFDjIH0wRwTOYKcxhJ5wBBjIP0wx0SGIKe5RBwwxBhIX8wxw0eQEdcDhhgDYI4ZHoKMgHgcMMQYQAhzzIURZJwRywOGGAMYiDlmaAQZ/cTigCHGAM6HOeb8CDLOMZIDhhgDuBDmmMERZAwqmgOGGAMYLuaYcxFknFckBwwxBhAp5pj+CDKGNJwDhhgDiBZzzFkEGRc01AFDjAGMFHNMEEHGsAx2wBBjALHCHCN5+vzMfeCCGhsbtWbNGt166606ePAgMQYQU+k8xxBkRKy+vl7z5s3TiRMniDGAmEvXOYYgIyoej0e8dADESzrOMVxDBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkAEAsABBBgDAAgQZAAALEGQAACxAkDEs7e3t8ng8Z26O0P2NGzcGHgNAtIaaYyorKwOP3Y4gY1iys7P1zDPPmEf9rV692twDgOg4c0xFRYV51N+dd95p7rkbQcawOQfF9ddfbx4FvfDCCxo/frx5BADRe+ihh8y9s7Zt25Y2cwxBxrA5B0X4AePE+dvf/rZ5BAAj48wxzkl+iDPHLFq0yDxyP0+fn7kPDMuSJUv0xhtvqLa2ViUlJWYUAEbu5MmTmjt3rj744AM1NDRo9uzZ5hn3u+hHfuY+MCxXXXWV/vGPf2jNmjVmBABi4+KLL9Y111yjCRMmqLy83IymB1bIiEpXVxfXjgHETTrOMQQZAAALsKkLAAALEGQMrbNGKzxFWl//iRkI8h2uUbnXI8+KGnWasQDfR6pa6JV3fb26zRAADK7XP8Wslsf7sOq7fWbMcVqHa+6V15OrFTWHzFiQr7lKCweZk9yAIGMYjunIsZPmvuOYPnyxSlVOiRvb1NEbHPUfKureWa0NdYVae3uhMs0oAAyps0vHPg8Lcs9evfiMc7Lf6p9i/ubPdsgn2rnlWdUV36XbZ7nv+jJBRsR8h+v17BO/MY/C+Jr16qbnpbIy3TFjnBkEgEj4V8d11XpiZ7/33gJ8zb/Wpsf+rrL7SjVjrPvyRZAxtCumqCDnhH+F/Ll//eswq2OVad3amwIjQWGr47tv1iReWQAuaJR/islVjvwr5M/MOtisjvXAOq3NCQ4FhVbHZbq7ZLIr48W0iWHoVGtXMMjB1fFBlVWu0W1Zl0itLTp41H8gsToGELWj6goE2ayO95eqcs2tyvKPtDYd9D/r/tWxgyAjAmZ1nO+coeZp8rR8M+5Tz4dvaSurYwAjEVgdv638tctVMuWfNW12aInsn3t+XePq1bGDqRNDy7hU43OydOLocfWEVscDz1B9h1T3bJX2szoGEKGMy8YrR5/p6PHjZnX8Td13x3SNNc87zrwz5+LVsYMgY2j+II+bOEadR/6kmqc3mtVx+Blqk/7w4hY9U/UFLbvr66yOAUQk47Jxmuj8JUfrm3r63prg6njSJeZZv8bf6sXnnX0rt+iu+e5dHTuYPjE81Q+ovN/1m9BmjPf0WMWj2llyt8qLLw/+LgBEpFXV3/u+HlNp2Or4y5pSMNn/1FOq2LBHJY8sV3Gmu5NFkDF8571+M1Pr1t+qPF5NAKKWpeKBq+OQrJVa/6081weLKRQXMFrjJjrXhb9y/us3rI4BROvScZrobKfOCl8dh8tKi9Wxgy+XAADAAqyQAQCwAEEGAMACBBkAAAsQZAAAkk76/29qokpeSq9HAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of mass 1.0 kg hangs at rest from a spring. The spring has a negligible mass and the spring constant <em>k</em> is 20 N m<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What is the elastic potential energy stored in the spring?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><br>A. 1.0 J</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. 2.5 J</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. 5.0 J</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. 10 J</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A large stone is dropped from a tall building. What is correct about the speed of the stone after 1 s?</p>
<p>A. It is decreasing at increasing rate.</p>
<p>B. It is decreasing at decreasing rate.</p>
<p>C. It is increasing at increasing rate.</p>
<p>D. It is increasing at decreasing rate.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two stationary objects of mass 1kg and 2kg are connected by a thread and suspended from a spring.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>The thread is cut. Immediately after the cut, what are the magnitudes of the accelerations of the objects in terms of the acceleration due to gravity <em>g</em>?</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object is sliding from rest down a frictionless inclined plane. The object slides 1.0 m during the first second.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What distance will the object slide during the next second?</p>
<p>A. 1.0 m</p>
<p>B. 2.0 m</p>
<p>C. 3.0 m</p>
<p>D. 4.9 m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The correct response, option C was the most popular chosen at HL but at SL significantly more candidates chose options A or B. The difficulty index of 21 and discrimination index of 0.27 at SL indicates that students found the question to be hard with lower discrimination between stronger and weaker candidates. It is felt that those who chose option A did not realise the block was accelerating down the slope, whereas those choosing B did but were unable to calculate the acceleration correctly.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An inelastic collision occurs between two bodies in the absence of external forces.</p>
<p>What must be true about the total momentum of the two bodies and the total kinetic energy of the two bodies during this interaction?</p>
<p>A. Only momentum is conserved.<br>B. Only kinetic energy is conserved.<br>C. Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.<br>D. Neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of mass 2.0 kg rests on a rough surface. A person pushes the object in a straight line with a force of 10 N through a distance <em>d</em>.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The resultant force acting on the object throughout <em>d</em> is 6.0 N.</p>
<p>What is the value of the sliding coefficient of friction <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>μ</mi></math></em> between the surface and the object and what is the acceleration <em>a</em> of the object?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>There is no evidence that candidates were disadvantaged by the use of sliding friction rather than dynamic friction with the correct option being the most popular.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A stone is kicked horizontally at a speed of 1.5 m s<sup>−1</sup> from the edge of a cliff on one of Jupiter’s moons. It hits the ground 2.0 s later. The height of the cliff is 4.0 m. Air resistance is negligible.</p>
<p>What is the magnitude of the displacement of the stone?</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>A. 7.0 m</p>
<p>B. 5.0 m</p>
<p>C. 4.0 m</p>
<p>D. 3.0 m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was generally well answered by both HL and SL candidates and had a mid-range difficulty index (indicating an easier question). Option D was an effective distractor for candidates calculating the horizontal range rather than the displacement. Candidates are encouraged to read the questions carefully to ensure it is clear what each question is asking for.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two trolleys of equal mass travel in opposite directions as shown.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The trolleys collide head-on and stick together.</p>
<p>What is their velocity after the collision?</p>
<p>A. 1 m s<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>B. 2 m s<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>C. 5 m s<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>D. 10 m s<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The majority of SL candidates selected option B, finding the difference in velocity but neglecting to recognize that mass will have doubled. This question had a relatively high discrimination index suggesting more able candidates had greater success demonstrating this recognition.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the formulae represents Newton’s second law?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>mass</mtext><mtext>volume</mtext></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>work</mtext><mtext>displacement</mtext></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>change of momentum</mtext><mtext>time</mtext></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>pressure</mtext><mo>×</mo><mtext>area</mtext></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was very well answered by SL candidates, as demonstrated by the high difficulty index.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A net force <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi></math> acts on an object of mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi></math> that is initially at rest. The object moves in a straight line. The variation of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi></math> with the distance <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>s</mi></math> is shown.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What is the speed of the object at the distance <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math>?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><br>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>F</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfrac></msqrt></math></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>F</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mi>m</mi></mfrac></msqrt></math></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>F</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mi>m</mi></mfrac></msqrt></math></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>4</mn><msub><mi>F</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mi>m</mi></mfrac></msqrt></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A cart travels from rest along a horizontal surface with a constant acceleration. What is the variation of the kinetic energy <em>E</em><sub>k</sub> of the cart with its distance <em>s</em> travelled? Air resistance is negligible.</p>
<p><br><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Option A was the most common (incorrect) response among both HL and SL candidates, suggesting that candidates were looking for a curve representing speed rather than kinetic energy against distance. A low discrimination index suggests that both high and low achieving students were caught by this effective distractor.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A projectile is launched upwards at an angle <em>θ</em> to the horizontal with an initial momentum <em>p</em><sub>0</sub> and an initial energy <em>E</em><sub>0</sub>. Air resistance is negligible. What are the momentum and total energy of the projectile at the highest point of the motion?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two forces act on an object in different directions. The magnitudes of the forces are 18 N and 27 N. The mass of the object is 9.0 kg. What is a possible value for the acceleration of the object?</p>
<p>A. 0 m s<sup>−2</sup></p>
<p>B. 0.5 m s<sup>−2</sup></p>
<p>C. 2.0 m s<sup>−2</sup></p>
<p>D. 6.0 m s<sup>−2</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three forces act on a block which is sliding down a slope at constant speed. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>W</mi></math> is the weight, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math> is the reaction force at the surface of the block and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi></math> is the friction force acting on the block.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAScAAADCCAYAAAALpATEAAAUoklEQVR4Ae2d74tdxRnH85+sJFV7l1w1ttVY0934oyFGCVFjENaCNRbcGCFJQcEN0aQWa0mIhmLsi7pbLFjzZpN3gpZL3yxYCYQqEhbfCFmkBLFLIMEXlynfk53bc8+eO+fHnWdmzpnvgcvde+acmWc+z9zvfZ45c85uUNxIgARIIEACGwK0iSaRAAmQgKI4cRCQAAkESYDiFKRbaBQJkADFiWOABEggSAIUpyDdQqNIgAQoThwDJEACQRKgOAXpFhpFAiRAcYpxDKz21NHOLWrTRM6r87w6/emyuhYjF/Y5KAIUp6Dc4caY/vK82jMxpY72rmYa7Ktrlz9Qv+k8oU5f/D5Txo8k4JYAxckt7wBa66vV3jHVnZhRC8s31tvTv6wWdm9Re+Yvq/76Uu4hAWcEKE7OUIfS0A21PD+jNnWOqd5qjvxQnEJxVPR2UJyiGwJXVW9uSnXnemo1r+/JfFReypd3MPeRgBwBipMc2zBrNkRG/W+X1Jn9W1X3hUW1khNUhdkhWtVWAhSntnp2RL9uTobnXKXDlTtcqVu8qL6lMI2gx90uCVCcXNL23lb+ZHj/20/VazufUK/1VjgJ7t1HNEAToDhpElG8j5oMXxOtziF1fuWHKEiwk+EToDiF7yOLFhomw5O5qMnRE+UWrWBVJFCGAMWpDKW2HGOYDFfqB7WyeEh1M9HTfffcq/7w5pttIcB+NIgAxalBzhrX1NErw9dqTpYRTA4twMQtLpO33U6BGhc+z69MgOJUGVk8J1y/fn1w/x0E6lczzyjs40YCLghQnFxQbmgby8vL6sHt2wcChSjqqb17KVAN9WfTzKY4Nc1jDu2FOG3udIbECQL1y4ceUleuXHFoCZuKkQDFKUavl+zzpUuX1gmTfszKXd07KFAlOfKwegQoTvW4RXHW+cXFkeJ068aN6pWXX46CAzvphwDFyQ/3RrR69t2zueL04oEDamlpqRF9oJHNJUBxaq7vxC0/cfxEIk6bO5NqetsvBkKFiIobCUgToDhJE25w/X9+7z115PBhhbknbHOvvpoI1NP79jW4VzS9KQQoTk3xVAB2IpXTE+JM6wJwSMtNoDi13MG2u4eoCQKFKIobCUgSoDhJ0m1h3ekreN99910Le8guhUKA4hSKJxpiBwRJp3Z/++CDhlhNM5tIgOLURK95tvmPb72VCNQD09O8lcWzL9rcPMWpzd4V6htua9HREyfGhSCzWkVx4iCoRUBPjB+Yna11Pk8igSICFKciQizPJfDJJ58MoifeBJyLiDvHJEBxGhNgrKenn/WE21y4kYBtAhQn20Qjqi997x0fQheR4x11leLkCHQbm0E6pyfGkeZxIwGbBChONmlGWBcmxCFQvN8uQucLd5niJAy47dWn77fTNwi3vc/snxsCFCc3nFvbCuaasBgT0RMWZ3IjAVsEKE62SEZcD25j0XNPvN8u4oFguesUJ8tAY6wufb8dH0QX4wiQ6TPFSYZrdLXqB9EhxeNGAjYIUJxsUGQdyTPFdWonfb8dIrXWLl1I/mX85CBN1kz1e3eup1YjGW8Up0gc7aKb+n47qQfR4Ybj9BMRWnl1MOdfwrvwXZk29L8KczWvSHEq4xUeU4qAxIPocDUQkRiEDy+0gX2InKREsFRnRQ7qq9XeMdWdmFELyzdEWqhaqWat+SOCc7VRnFyRjqCd9MT4uPfboS7UgTksiFA2VdRLGFz9irtx3w21PD+jNnWOqd5q302TI1rJ8tdRKsVpBDDuDp9AOu2CgFTd8CWAGEGUIE4m8UH5uCJY1T7R49fmm3zOKxXxpziJjgBWLkmgzoPosqkDUrYywgbhgoiVOVayz9bq9jTfVIU/xcmat1mRDwJ6YrzoQXS4cVinboi4dOpQxWZEWe24cqfnm25xdqVuVOpm4k9xMtFhWfAEIBYYxHghkspumD/SqRtWl5tSt+y52c8QNIhh8zd3801FqZuJJcXJRIdlwRNAmoB0CwNZzwlhH6606as+EChb6RjqzBPB4EGlDRSeb6qSuqXNyv5NccoS4efGEYAoYSDjdeadM8k7UjcJEYHooe5Gb0LzTXVSNxNHipOJDssaQeDChQsDcfrd8eNjpW5FHUZUgC/NOOlhURuy5Xq+yd76pnFSN1NfKU4mOiwLlgDEAVEMUjpMhj+1d28iGi7mhBCpNfeffNqZb7KVupkGGMXJRIdlwRFAqqbTOLzr1A3zShjMeNW5Elelo7jy16plBRU6bzt1MzVNcTLRYVkQBPArDfFBhITICBFTXlqlJ8ZdzAnlrSQPApaQEVKpm8lcipOJDsu8EoAAIX2C6JQRA5cPooNYukghfTrARepm6h/FyUSHZV4IIFVD9IPBidSt7D/ShJjhHLwQXUlvrVhWkAPJZeqW0/xgF8VpgIJ/+CSQ/ZWGuGBf1Q0RFgY1oi3pDTZCPNuy+UjdTOwoTiY6LBMnYPtXGl8wDGq8kHpJbjpSw3tTt+yPQtl7DV30l+LkgjLbWEdA8lca6RYGNqIo6Q2Rk4sU0nY/bP8o2LYP9VGcJKiyzpEE8MsM8cBL6lcaYoGBjZd0VIP5MRcp5EigFQskfxQqmlJ4OMWpEBEPsEkAAw6iJLnpdAttuZgTwhIH6RTSxAtXKREl4oULCRDn9Ouzzz5Tf//wQ/EfBZONdcooTnWo8ZzaBFylQWgHgxtRTZ2J9Sod1Guwqpxj81i0j76aXs89+2vxxak2+4S6KE62ibI+IwFXaRDa0V9WF1ENRBBt+tggvmhf9zf7furkSR9mjd0mxWlshKygKgFXaZCeGMe79IY0ykUKme0HhAltb7njzlxxcrFaPmuTrc8UJ1skWU9pAq7SIMxt6ShCOqrR81zSKaSGrJ/sqfuX944fAVf2aLtsvlOcbNJkXaUJuEiD0umOi6hGT0aXhlDjQAi7XmiaFqTfHjmiXjp4cCDG4Ct9pbKG+ZVOoThVwsWDbRFwlQbpiXEMdOkoAtGZRAoJu8HrqSdvPhYmLUpn3nlncHtPep6t7C0/tvwpUQ/FSYIq6ywkoNMg6V93fEn1lxlfcOkN4mRrAn5U6rbrkUcSscoTW5vtS7Mqqp/iVESI5WIEENW4EAzMvWCgS0Q1WTg67crur/JZ16FFVb8jdSsSvjzBqtJ2SMdSnELyRmS2SKVBWYz4QusvOFZIS24QB8z3VE2rcB4m8ItSN0nbQ6ub4hSaRyKzx1UaotcBubi0jhXbZSfgkdbi2Kn7tw0EFF/K++65N4kqpdPekIcbxSlk70Rgm05hpLvq8kF0EBSIoSnF0ve46YhOvz//3P7C1E2aVSj1U5xC8USkdtRNg6rigmBoAYBQSW+I0LL3EBalbtJrsaT7bLt+ipNtoqyvMoEqaVDlylMn6PVBiGqkN0RGegKeqVs92hSnetx4lkUCOqoxpUE2moNg6Oip6KqXjfZ2P/qYOnL48KBN3TZTt3J0KU7lOPEoYQIuVlejC4hmMOgRRUlsEFgI35OPP75OlH7/xhvebg6W6Kt0nRQnacKsvxQBV8sKsK5KRzBVL/ebOoLoD+np/VvvG9SPdn5y15ZkP8q5VSNAcarGi0cLEkBU42Idkhanspf7TV2GqCLq03Xq90d37UoiKOlU1WRb08soTk33YIvsx9UtqXQrjQmihIFfdLk/fU76b1Pqdvz115m6pWGN8TfFaQx4PNUuAXzpIRjSKRCiHR3hVJkYh11IC7Op29133snUze5QSGqjOAlAZZX1CSCqsZFuFVmgJ8b15X7T8RAzHW1pUcP77sceE/snDSZ7YimjOMXi6Yb0E9FJ3XSrShcRMWmhgfjkbTjm+f37B8fp43EDrvTcWJ49se2jOMXm8Qb0F/NO2dXVts3WKSS+AOlITaduP79365AoIXXDcdIpp+1+Nrk+ilOTvddS29OrqyW7mE7Vvvj3F7mpG666QSh51U3SE/l1U5zyuXCvZwIulhWkH0SHL0L6xdTN8wDgv4by7wBakE8A0Yr0402+/PLLIUGCODF1y/eHj72MnHxQZ5uFBJBGYXBKzPGcO3dObZ+aGhIm/G83pm6FbnF6AMXJKW42VoUAohhbjzdZWVlJIrEf/+hWdVf3juRvLYD4Erh4XHCVvvNY/sdfjoGACWBOaNxlBZ9//rnCUwAgQFiXdO6jj4Z6jP0UpyEkwXyAX1xtG1w1xHbaQwDLCqqs4kbPERGlU7cXZ2cV5pfyNopTHpUw9lGcwvADrRhBAMJUZhU3Tkfqdvy11xVSt59uuXuQuo2oOtlNcTLR8VtGcfLLn62XIABxGrWKG6cjdXtmZmaQul24cKFErTcPoTiVRuX8QIqTc+RssCoBTFZjcjy9IXX768KC2vqzexJRQur29ddfpw8p9TfFqRQmLwdRnLxgZ6NVCOiralhWgNTtlZdfGaRub7/99lhLAChOVTzh9liKk1vebK0mgVMnT6npbdvUrRs3JlfdPv7445o1DZ+m/xswlxIMcwnhE8UpBC/QhpEEMNeknzR5+NChWqnbyMqVSh5uhy8BxclEyU8ZxckPd7ZqIIA0Tl+lw2Q4hAP7JDYsVaA4SZAdv06K0/gMWYMlAphTwopwLLyss76pjhkUpzrU3JxDcXLDma0YCKRTN1yVs/lfUQzNJkUUpyJC/sopTv7YR92yy9TNBJriZKLjt4zi5Jd/dK37SN1MkClOJjp+yyhOfvlH07rP1M0EmeJkouO3jOLkl3+rWw8ldTNBpjiZ6Pgtozj55d/K1kNL3UyQKU4mOn7LKE5++beq9VBTNxNkipOJjt8yipNf/o1vvQmpmwkyxclEx28Zxckv/8a23qTUzQSZ4mSi47eM4uSXf+Nab2LqZoJMcTLR8VtGcfLLvxGtNz11M0GmOJno+C2jOPnlH3TrbUndTJApTiY6fssoTn75B9l621I3E2SKk4mO3zKKk1/+wbTe5tTNBJniZKLjt4zi5Je/99ZjSN1MkClOJjp+yyhOfvl7az2m1M0EmeJkouO3jOLkl7/T1mNN3UyQKU4mOn7LKE5++TtpPfbUzQSZ4mSi47eM4uSXv2jrTN2K8VKcihn5OoLi5Iu8ULtM3aqBpThV4+XyaIqTS9qCbTF1qweX4lSPm4uzKE4uKAu2wdRtPLgUp/H4SZ5NcZKkK1Q3Uzd7YClO9ljaroniZJuoYH1M3ezDpTjZZ2qrRoqTLZKC9TB1k4NLcZJjO27NFKdxCQqdz9RNCGymWopTBkhAHylOATkDpjB1c+sQipNb3lVaozhVoSV4LFM3QbiGqilOBjieiyhOHh3A1M0j/LWmKU7+fTDKAorTKDKC+5m6CcKtWDXFqSIwh4dTnBzCZurmEHbJpihOJUF5OIzi5AD60tKSOjA7q57et0+dX1xUSOe4hUGA4hSGH/KsoDjlUbGwD6kbhOiB6WmFLwAEilt4BChO4flEW0Rx0iQsvSN1O/vuWQWweL9y5YqlmlmNBAGKkwRVO3VSnOxwTCIjpm6WYDqshuLkEHbFpihOFYGlD2fqlqbRzL8pTuH6jeJUwzdM3WpAC/QUilOgjlEqmRpxZd0GVw1JtcOrblJk/dVLcfLHvqhlRk4FhJi6FQBqeDHFKVwHUpxG+Iap2wgwLdtNcQrXoRSnjG906ob1SVwwmYHTwo8Up3CdSnFae0yJXjCJ5QBcMBnugLVtGcXJNlF79UUtTtnUDZ+5xUWA4hSuv6MUp2zqhklvbnESoDiF6/doxCl91Y2pW7gD0rVlFCfXxMu313pxYupWfjDEeCTFKVyvt1acmLqFO+hCsoziFJI3hm1plTgxdRt2Lj8VE6A4FTPydUQrxImpm6/h0/x2KU7h+rDR4sTULdyB1RTLKE7heqqR4oT0DYbzRQYcA+0eA66k0+pTCfiESVdua3c7jJza7d+yvbMqTmUb5XEkYCJAcTLRiaeM4hSPrxvTU4pTY1wlaijFSRQvK69DgOJUh1r7zqE4tc+nje8RxanxLrTSAYqTFYysZFwCuJiCtXF4HZg9MPg3Xnof3rnFRYDiFJe/g+3tSwcPFi5D4dXgYN0nYhjFSQQrK61K4NKlS2pzZ3KkQCGa4hYXAYpTXP4Ourc7d+zIFafNnY7i872Cdp2IcRQnEaystA4B3PqUFz2dOH6iTnU8p+EEKE4Nd2DbzH9wevu66IlRU9u8XK4/FKdynHiUIwK9Xk9N3nb7QKAYNTkCH2AzFKcAnRK7SenoiVFTvKOB4hSv74PtOaInPNng1MmTwdpIw+QJUJzkGbOFigSuX7+ujs7NKbxzi5cAxSle37PnJBA0AYpT0O5pr3H95Xm1Z2JGLSzfyHTyqurNTalNnWOqt9ofKuuvLKrZzhPq9MXvh/bzQzsJUJza6dfge5UvTn117eIZtSt5ompWuG6o5fkZ1X1hUa0Ma1bwfaWB9QhQnOpx41ljEsgVp/436vwLU2rHzodVNxtVrfbU0c6UOtq7OmbLPL0pBChOTfFU2+xcJzY6appR7y/+KZPy3YyaNu2eV8uMmto2Ekb2h+I0Eg0LRAlkxSmJmraq7lxP/Tc7H3XtX+r0zocZNYk6JLzKKU7h+SQOi4bE6f9REybIb6Z8OoX7Qa0sHlJdRk1xjItULylOKRj80yGBRJwm1Z75y6qfippWYUJauPqX1cLuKTW7+I1iRufQPwE0RXEKwAlRmpCIzha1Z/4rtZpcoUtdnRuI03/Uau+Y6u48oy5eozTFNk4oTrF5PJT+DsTpn+ofc1PJXFMSNcE+HVX95Zx6fzcE7DKjplD85tAOipND2GwqRSARp0nV3fmI2pFdNrAmXLv2P6t25SzGTNXCP1tMgOLUYueG3bW1leATtwxHTTB6Tbg2TazNSYXdEVonRIDiJASW1RYR0OKUmmvSp2hxYtSkiUT5TnGK0u3sNAmET4DiFL6PaCEJREmA4hSl29lpEgifAMUpfB/RQhKIkgDFKUq3s9MkED4BilP4PqKFJBAlAYpTlG5np0kgfAIUp/B9RAtJIEoCFKco3c5Ok0D4BChO4fuIFpJAlAQoTlG6nZ0mgfAJUJzC9xEtJIEoCfwPkxZ32yft6HIAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">In this situation</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. there must be an unbalanced force down the plane.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>W</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>R</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>W</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. the resultant force on the block is zero.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The distances between successive positions of a moving car, measured at equal time intervals, are shown.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_15.58.31.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/08"></p>
<p>The car moves with</p>
<p>A. acceleration that increases linearly with time.</p>
<p>B. acceleration that increases non-linearly with time.</p>
<p>C. constant speed.</p>
<p>D. constant acceleration.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation with time of the resultant net force acting on an object. The object has a mass of 1kg and is initially at rest.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">What is the velocity of the object at a time of 200 ms?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. 8 m s<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. 16 m s<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. 8 km s<sup>–1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. 16 km s<sup>–1</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Many candidates (incorrectly) selected response B, perhaps neglecting the changing value of force over time.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi></math> moving at velocity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mi>v</mi></math> collides with a stationary object of mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mi>m</mi></math>. The objects stick together after the collision. What is the final speed and the change in total kinetic energy immediately after the collision?</p>
<p><img 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" width="500" height="193"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two boxes in contact are pushed along a floor with a force <em>F</em>. The boxes move at a constant speed. Box X has a mass <em>m</em> and box Y has a mass 2<em>m</em>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>What is the resultant force acting on Y?<br>A. 0<br>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{F}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>F</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span><br>C. <em>F</em><br>D. 2<em>F</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An object of mass <em>m</em> is sliding down a ramp at constant speed. During the motion it travels a distance <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
<mi>x</mi>
</math></span> along the ramp and falls through a vertical distance<em> h</em>. The coefficient of dynamic friction between the ramp and the object is <em>μ</em>. What is the total energy transferred into thermal energy when the object travels distance <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x">
<mi>x</mi>
</math></span>?</p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. <em>mgh</em></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. <em>mgx</em></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. <em>μmgh</em></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. <em>μmgx</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The variation of the displacement of an object with time is shown on a graph. What does the area under the graph represent?</p>
<p>A. No physical quantity</p>
<p>B. Velocity</p>
<p>C. Acceleration</p>
<p>D. Impulse</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows how the position of an object varies with time in the interval from 0 to 3 s.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>At which point does the instantaneous speed of the object equal its average speed over the interval from 0 to 3 s?</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two blocks of different masses are released from identical springs of elastic constant k = 100 Nm<sup>−1</sup>, initially compressed a distance Δx = 0.1 m. Block X has a mass of 1 kg and block Y has a mass of 0.25 kg.</p>
<p>What are the velocities of the blocks when they leave the springs?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Most candidates chose the correct answer confirming this was not problematic.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation of speed <em>v</em> of an object with time <em>t</em>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Which graph shows how the distance <em>s</em> travelled by the object varies with <em>t</em>?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electric motor of efficiency 0.75 is connected to a power supply with an emf of 20 V and negligible internal resistance. The power output of the motor is 120 W. What is the average current drawn from the power supply?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. 3.1 A</p>
<p>B. 4.5 A</p>
<p>C. 6.0 A</p>
<p>D. 8.0 A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A balloon rises at a steady vertical velocity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. An object is dropped from the balloon at a height of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>40</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math> above the ground. Air resistance is negligible. What is the time taken for the object to hit the ground?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Even though over half the candidates are choosing the correct response it has a low discrimination index. Many are choosing D indicating that they forgot to take the velocity upward as negative.</p>
</div>
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