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<h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Electron capture can be represented by the equation</p>
<p><em>p</em> + e<sup>–</sup> → X + Y.</p>
<p>What are X and Y?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Pair production by a photon occurs in the presence of a nucleus. For this process, which of momentum and energy are conserved?</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A radioactive element has decay constant <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\lambda ">
<mi>λ</mi>
</math></span> (expressed in s<sup>–1</sup>). The number of nuclei of this element at <em>t</em> = 0 is <em>N</em>. What is the expected number of nuclei that will have decayed after 1 s?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="N\left( {1 - {e^{ - \lambda }}} \right)">
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>λ</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{N}{\lambda }">
<mfrac>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>λ</mi>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="N{e^{ - \lambda }}">
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>λ</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\lambda N">
<mi>λ</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What can be used to calculate the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of space?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{\text{Planck's constant}}}}{{4\pi \times {\text{uncertainty in energy}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Planck's constant</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π</mi>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>uncertainty in energy</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{\text{Planck's constant}}}}{{4\pi \times {\text{uncertainty in speed}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Planck's constant</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π</mi>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>uncertainty in speed</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. The magnitude of the wave function</p>
<p>D. The magnitude of the (wave function)<sup>2</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Monochromatic light is incident on a metal surface and electrons are released. The intensity of the incident light is increased. What changes, if any, occur to the rate of emission of electrons and to the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="595" height="192"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following is evidence for the wave nature of the electron?</p>
<p>A. Continuous energy spectrum in <em>β</em><sup>–</sup> decay</p>
<p>B. Electron diffraction from crystals</p>
<p>C. Existence of atomic energy levels</p>
<p>D. Existence of nuclear energy levels</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Some of the nuclear energy levels of oxygen-14 (<sup>14</sup>O) and nitrogen-14 (<sup>14</sup>N) are shown.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>A nucleus of <sup>14</sup>O decays into a nucleus of <sup>14</sup>N with the emission of a positron and a gamma ray. What is the maximum energy of the positron and the energy of the gamma ray?</p>
<p><br><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A photon interacts with a nearby nucleus to produce an electron. What is the name of this process?</p>
<p>A. Pair annihilation</p>
<p>B. Pair production</p>
<p>C. Electron diffraction</p>
<p>D. Quantum tunnelling</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A photon has a wavelength <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi></math>. What are the energy and momentum of the photon?</p>
<p><img 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" width="425" height="247"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Element X has a nucleon number <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>A</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math> and a nuclear density <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math>. Element Y has a nucleon number of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>A</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math>. What is an estimate of the nuclear density of element Y?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mtext>X</mtext></msub></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What was a reason to postulate the existence of neutrinos?</p>
<p>A. Nuclear energy levels had a continuous spectrum.</p>
<p>B. The photon emission spectrum only contained specific wavelengths.</p>
<p>C. Some particles were indistinguishable from their antiparticle.</p>
<p>D. The energy of emitted beta particles had a continuous spectrum.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Samples of different radioactive nuclides have equal numbers of nuclei. Which graph shows the relationship between the half-life <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math></span> and the activity <em>A</em> for the samples?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>When monochromatic light is incident on a metallic surface, electrons are emitted from the surface. The following changes are considered.</p>
<p>I. Increase the intensity of the incident light<br>II. Increase the frequency of light<br>III. Decrease the work function of the surface</p>
<p>Which changes will result in electrons of greater energy being emitted from the surface?</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two radioactive nuclides, X and Y, have half-lives of 50 s and 100 s respectively. At time <em>t </em>= 0 samples of X and Y contain the same number of nuclei.</p>
<p>What is <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{\text{number of nuclei of X undecayed}}}}{{{\text{number of nuclei of Y undecayed}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>number of nuclei of X undecayed</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>number of nuclei of Y undecayed</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> when <em>t </em>= 200 s?</p>
<p>A. 4</p>
<p>B. 2</p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Monochromatic electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metal surface. The kinetic energy of the electrons released from the metal</p>
<p>A. is constant because the photons have a constant energy.</p>
<p>B. is constant because the metal has a constant work function.</p>
<p>C. varies because the electrons are not equally bound to the metal lattice.</p>
<p>D. varies because the work function of the metal is different for different electrons.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is true for the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom?</p>
<p>A. Angular momentum of electrons is quantized.</p>
<p>B. Electrons are described by wave functions.</p>
<p>C. Electrons never exist in fixed orbitals.</p>
<p>D. Electrons will continuously emit radiation.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diameter of a silver-108 (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{47}^{108}Ag">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>47</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>108</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
</math></span>) nucleus is approximately three times that of the diameter of a nucleus of</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_2^4He.">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_3^7Li.">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>7</mn>
</msubsup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_5^{11}B.">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>11</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{10}^{20}Ne.">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>20</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is evidence for wave–particle duality?</p>
<p>A. Line spectra of elements</p>
<p>B. Electron-diffraction experiments</p>
<p>C. Rutherford alpha-scattering experiments</p>
<p>D. Gamma-ray spectra</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was generally well answered by HL candidates.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">The half-life of a radioactive nuclide is 8.0 s. The initial activity of a pure sample of the nuclide is 10 000 Bq. What is the approximate activity of the sample after 4.0 s?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. 2500 Bq</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. 5000 Bq</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. 7100 Bq</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. 7500 Bq</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Roughly half of candidates (incorrectly) selected response D, without recognizing that the change in activity over time is not linear.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is a consequence of the uncertainty principle?</p>
<p>A. The absorption spectrum of hydrogen atoms is discrete.</p>
<p>B. Electrons in low energy states have short lifetimes.</p>
<p>C. Electrons cannot exist within nuclei.</p>
<p>D. Photons do not have momentum.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A particle of energy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math> is incident upon a barrier and has a certain probability of quantum tunnelling through the barrier. Assuming <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math> remains constant, which combination of changes in particle mass and barrier length will increase the probability of the particle tunnelling through the barrier?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron of initial energy <em>E </em>tunnels through a potential barrier. What is the energy of the electron after tunnelling?</p>
<p>A. greater than <em>E</em></p>
<p>B. <em>E</em></p>
<p>C. less than <em>E</em></p>
<p>D. zero</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align:left;">A particle is confined within a nucleus. What is the order of magnitude of the uncertainty in the momentum of the particle?</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">A. 10<sup>–10</sup> N s</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">B. 10<sup>–15</sup> N s</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">C. 10<sup>–20</sup> N s</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">D. 10<sup>–25</sup> N s</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Response B was an effective distractor for over a third of candidates.<br><br></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The size of a nucleus can be estimated from electron diffraction experiments. What is the order of magnitude of the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons in these experiments?</p>
<p><br>A. 10<sup>−15</sup> m</p>
<p>B. 10<sup>−13</sup> m</p>
<p>C. 10<sup>−11</sup> m</p>
<p>D. 10<sup>−9</sup> m</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A radioactive nuclide is known to have a very long half-life.</p>
<p>Three quantities known for a pure sample of the nuclide are</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">I. the activity of the nuclide</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">II. the number of nuclide atoms</p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;">III. the mass number of the nuclide.</p>
<p>What quantities are required to determine the half-life of the nuclide?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A beam of electrons moving in the direction shown is incident on a rectangular slit of width <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>d</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The component of momentum of the electrons in direction <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi></math> after passing through the slit is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi></math>. The uncertainty in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi></math> is</p>
<p><br>A. proportional to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>d</mi></math></p>
<p>B. proportional to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mi>d</mi></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. proportional to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D. zero</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Samples of two radioactive nuclides X and Y are held in a container. The number of particles of X is half the number of particles of Y. The half-life of X is twice the half-life of Y.</p>
<p>What is the initial value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>activity of radioisotope X</mtext><mtext>activity of radioisotope Y</mtext></mfrac></math>?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The decay constant, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi></math>, of a radioactive sample can be defined as</p>
<p>A. the number of disintegrations in the radioactive sample.</p>
<p>B. the number of disintegrations per unit time in the radioactive sample.</p>
<p>C. the probability that a nucleus decays in the radioactive sample.</p>
<p>D. the probability that a nucleus decays per unit time in the radioactive sample.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question was well answered by HL candidates.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Light with photons of energy 8.0 × 10<sup>−20 </sup>J are incident on a metal surface in a photoelectric experiment.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>The work function of the metal surface is 4.8 × 10<sup>−20 </sup>J . What minimum voltage is required for the ammeter reading to fall to zero?</p>
<p>A. 0.2 V</p>
<p>B. 0.3 V</p>
<p>C. 0.5 V</p>
<p>D. 0.8 V</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Options B and C were both effective distractors in this photoelectric effect question. There was a heightened number of blanks (no response) relative to the questions immediately before and after, and the low difficulty index suggests that candidates found this question challenging.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A pure sample of a radioactive nuclide contains <em>N</em><sub>0</sub> atoms at time <em>t</em> = 0. At time <em>t</em>, there are <em>N</em> atoms of the nuclide remaining in the sample. The half-life of the nuclide is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></msub></math>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the decay rate of this sample proportional to?</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. <em>N</em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <em style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: italic;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">N</em><sub style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">0</sub> – <em>N</em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <em>t</em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></msub></math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is the correct Feynman diagram for pair annihilation and pair production?</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three possible features of an atomic model are</p>
<p>I. orbital radius</p>
<p>II. quantized energy</p>
<p>III. quantized angular momentum.</p>
<p>Which of these are features of the Bohr model for hydrogen?</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II, and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An electron of low energy is enclosed within a high potential barrier. What is the process by which the electron can escape?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Quantum tunneling<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Energy–mass conversion<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Diffraction<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Barrier climbing</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Two samples X and Y of different radioactive isotopes have the same initial activity. Sample X has twice the number of atoms as sample Y. The half-life of X is <em>T</em>. What is the half-life of Y?</p>
<p>A. 2<em>T</em></p>
<p>B. <em>T</em></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{T}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>T</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{T}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>T</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden experiment shows that</p>
<p>A. alpha particles do not obey Coulomb’s law.</p>
<p>B. there is a fixed nuclear radius for each nucleus.</p>
<p>C. a large proportion of alpha particles are undeflected.</p>
<p>D. the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom is confirmed.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This has a low discrimination index but it was felt that perhaps as it was the last question students were guessing the answer especially those choosing option A.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A beam of monochromatic radiation is made up of photons each of momentum <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi></math></em>. The intensity of the beam is doubled without changing frequency. What is the momentum of each photon after the change?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi></math></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></math></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mi>p</mi></math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A particle of fixed energy is close to a potential barrier.</p>
<p>Which changes to the width of the barrier and to the height of the barrier will always make the tunnelling probability greater?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_11.19.21.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/39"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A neutron of mass <em>m</em> is confined within a nucleus of diameter <em>d</em>. Ignoring numerical constants, what is an approximate expression for the kinetic energy of the neutron?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{h^2}}}{{m{d^2}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>d</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{{md}}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{m{h^2}}}{{{d^2}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>d</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{{{m^2}d}}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>When green light is incident on a clean zinc plate no photoelectrons are emitted. What change may cause the emission of photoelectrons?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Using a metal plate with larger work function</p>
<p>B. Changing the angle of incidence of the green light on the zinc plate</p>
<p>C. Using shorter wavelength radiation</p>
<p>D. Increasing the intensity of the green light</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>According to the Bohr model for hydrogen, visible light is emitted when electrons make transitions from excited states down to the state with <em>n </em>= 2. The dotted line in the following diagram represents the transition from <em>n </em>= 3 to <em>n </em>= 2 in the spectrum of hydrogen.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_11.17.45.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/38_01"></p>
<p>Which of the following diagrams could represent the visible light emission spectrum of hydrogen?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_11.18.20.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/38_02"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Alpha particles with energy E are directed at nuclei with atomic number Z. Small deviations from the predictions of the Rutherford scattering model are observed.</p>
<p>Which change in E and which change in Z is most likely to result in greater deviations from the Rutherford scattering model?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_11.20.27.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/40"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which graph shows a possible probability density function <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mfenced open="|" close="|"><mtext>Ψ</mtext></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>P</mi><mfenced><mi>r</mi></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></mfrac></math> for a given wave function <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>Ψ</mtext></math> of an electron?<br><br></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron of non-relativistic speed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math> interacts with an atom. All the energy of the electron is transferred to an emitted photon of frequency <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi></math> . An electron of speed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>v</mi></math> now interacts with the same atom and all its energy is transmitted to a second photon. What is the frequency of the second photon?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>f</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>f</mi></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mi>f</mi></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A photoelectric cell is connected in series with a battery of emf 2 V. Photons of energy 6 eV are incident on the cathode of the photoelectric cell. The work function of the surface of the cathode is 3 eV.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_19.13.41.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/37"></p>
<p>What is the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons that reach the anode?</p>
<p>A. 1 eV</p>
<p>B. 3 eV</p>
<p>C. 5 eV</p>
<p>D. 8 eV</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A proton has momentum 10<sup>-20</sup> N s and the uncertainty in the position of the proton is 10<sup>-10</sup> m. What is the minimum <strong>fractional</strong> uncertainty in the momentum of this proton?<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. 5 × 10<sup>-25</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. 5 × 10<sup>-15</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. 5 × 10<sup>-5</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. 2 × 10<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Over 100 candidates left this blank. It is testing fractional uncertainty and also involves the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In a photoelectric experiment a stopping voltage <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>V</mi></math></em> required to prevent photoelectrons from flowing across the photoelectric cell is measured for light of two frequencies <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>. The results obtained are shown.<img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The ratio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac></math> is an estimate of</p>
<p><br>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>e</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>h</mi></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>e</mi><mi>h</mi></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Photons of discrete energy are emitted during gamma decay. This is evidence for<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">A. atomic energy levels.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">B. nuclear energy levels.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">C. pair annihilation.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">D. quantum tunneling.</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows the variation of the natural log of activity, ln (activity), against time for a radioactive nuclide.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">What is the decay constant, in days<sup>–1</sup>, of the radioactive nuclide?</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;">A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{6}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{3}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">C. 3</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">D. 6</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Photons of a certain frequency incident on a metal surface cause the emission of electrons from the surface. The intensity of the light is constant and the frequency of photons is increased. What is the effect, if any, on the number of emitted electrons and the energy of emitted electrons?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A low discrimination index with the majority of candidates choosing option D when B is correct. Students tend to link the intensity of light to the number of photons but forget that it is the energy (per unit time per unit area) of the light so if the photon energy increases (frequency increases) then the number of photons must decrease.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The dashed line represents the variation with incident electromagnetic frequency<em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi></math></em> of the kinetic energy <em>E</em><sub>K</sub> of the photoelectrons ejected from a metal surface. The metal surface is then replaced with one that requires less energy to remove an electron from the surface.</p>
<p>Which graph of the variation of <em>E</em><sub>K</sub> with <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi></math></em> will be observed?</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbYAAADoCAYAAACD+sFDAAAgAElEQVR4nO3df3hU9b0n8Le0j2ssxQXca69RCTeJ3rZOQmntXhP3grdZu+jtgsHyw8ASJSlolQwEpZABRWeSgsRMiJJxCTgpCZA8kE62xTyBcYVbwrlXa+oQb71ywhqrx2KrJ5XSHNfnbrJ/wAkBMskkc36f9+t5fGqTycw3M/F8zvd83+fzvWpgYGAAREREDjHB7AEQERFpiYWNiIgchYWNiIgchYWNiIgchYWNiIgc5cvxv/UJjvrmo6jhd3G+fy08T7fgYOFtrI5ERGQZ8Qtb/6d4v+sTXLvkZRz3z8YkAwdFREQ0XvEnW+d+j27xeszNu51FjYiIbCNuYev/uAdv992MjNSJRo6HiIgoKXEK2+c43RFF17XpmHbD1caOiIiIKAlx1tjOQer+AOjrQFHWz4b5fi42HqnDssxrdB0cERHRWA1f2BgcISIimxr+UuS536NbBNIz/hpcYSMiIjsZtrCdD458C/Nyp/EeNSIispVh6haDI0REZF/DFLYLwZHM6UidyPkaERHZy5WV60JwBLHNmPM305GRNsw/c8MQ+wGcieBHaavQeubfz//suX9FfdESPH30I/Qb+3sQEREBGC4VOeE2LGv9Vywb6zP1/w6tT1TgvSVbsWn2jVybIyIiU2hTf/o/wtHN2/CbhSxqRERkLg1qUDcObVqJovo38Ic//XvcR0mShFgslvzLERERjUCDwtYL3PUc3np7O259uQa/+OiLKx6hKAqWFhRg/tx5EEUx+ZckIiKKQ4PCdgfu+2+3YeLEb6PoqVsQ3tSMd89dGh2pD9cP/nuwqir5lyQiIopDw+WwCZg4cyk2fvMQ1ux8E+cufFUURWzbsgUlXi8AoP2VNrRGItq9LBER0RBXDQwMDOj15Iqi4OHCQkyZOhUv7tiBjLTp2Ox/Fk/5NuL1zjcxZcoUvV6aiIhcStcA4+H2drzxL69jQ1nZ4Nfy58/HLWnT8HxlpZ4vTURELqVbYZMkCaXe1djsfxapqamDX09JSUFVdTX2N+5FNBrV6+WJiMildCts5YEA7vjP30X+/PlXfC87OxsrHn0E5X4/FEXRawhERORCuhQ2QRDQ/kobnvH7kZKSMuxjlhcVAbg0MUlERJSsODtoJ+cvf/kLQnU7kZmZGfcxU6ZMQVV1Nf74xz/qMQQiInIpXVORl8tIm47unveMejkiInIhtnUkIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjIiJHYWEjGkU0GoWiKGYPwxYkSUIsFjN7GDQCRVEQjUbNHoauWNiIRhCqDeHnLS1ISUkxeyiWpygKlhYUoK+vz+yh0AgCfj+6xW6zh6GrL5s9ACKrikajaG7aj0NtbWYPxRZOnTqF5UVFuPPOO80eCsURqg2ht7cXZT6f2UPRFQsb0TBisRjK/X7saWzkbC1B2dnZyM7ONnsYFIcgCIMnak7/m+alSLK5T3DUNwsZaUtQL36uyTNKkoTVJSUIVFQgNTU1sR/qfxf1c7+JjLTpl/1zJ35UFUHnmS80GZs7fIEzna+g3jf34vs4x4f6X3TiTL/ZY9Pa5xDDS4b5u7nwOx8VcU6DVxFFEUsXP+iaEzUWNrK1/o+Oo/nQTDz24/+Hyvp/xtkkn09RFKxdswYlXu+4Lqldu+RldPa8h271n7fDuO/Tl7FgxV6Ijjson5/ZahusOYt3wyW4p+wEvpT/Ek71vIfuntN4a/t30L2jCMs3v+rA4gbg2v+BupOnL/7dqL/zloVYWPVGUsVNkiSsKC7Gnn17Ez9RszkWNrKxz3H68AEcv+8f8cAdtwItr6HzbHJHvbWlpZg1+27MnTdPmyFOvA0/WHY/PLEoTpzWZkZpFerM9tSpUxo9Yz/OddZjzdZr8OyuTVgy82sXDlATMDFzHjZvX4Wr65/Bi//0iUavZ2UXfuddmzBtZzUOjvNqhKIoKA8EXLf2ycJG9tX/Pk78/LdIz7gJN868G3NxFK92yuN+ulBtCACwrHCZViO86Np0TLvhau2f1yTqzHaDz6fhupqMX7ccwAf5c3H3jVe+VxMy87E1vA7fS3XO+ziaCTfehQX5H4z7akTA70daWhoKlizRfGxWxsJGttV/WkAk9g3My52GCZNux/fygdbo2+M6AKgJyG2VldquQZx7F7+o70T2jhX4+0nO+c9Nndnm5eVp96Rn38arLcDcvNsxadgHTELm7HsxO3P47zrTRKRm3Iy+rh58PMaLEWoC8rHHH9dnaBbGVCTZ1Oc43RFFV3YetqZfA+BqzMybDTz6Gjqf/HvMHkMREUVRswRkX8NDmNlw+VezsPg7f0YfgIlJPbs1KIoCjycLKx9Zqenz9n/cg7f7gNs1fVaHEN+DdK4fmQn+XasJyAMuvQfTOaeQ5C7nunCo6WMsXv2PyJwAABMwaebdmIsDqG4RkejJrbqwPqYE5AiuCI/8HwH71/wVWr0bUNf5p1F//rmtWyEIQtLj0FNKSormRY20I0nSYAJyypQpZg/HFCxsZEP9OPvrX2L3O93YV3jHxXh01kPY19eHrp8LOJ1AZVMX1sebgEzIhK/hO4+tRWn2v2F3y1sjXiYVRRFtr7yCGTNm6DMWi5twQxpuv9bsUVhU5nSkThz9cC3LMpYWFLgqATkcFjayIRmd0aPA5bOjnvdw6shTCScQA34/PJ4s7RKQ8UyYimme60d9WH04jBKv15KXjgzpAZnAOmn/mU78UqN7u+zhHKTuj+G5/06kj3K0VhQFG30+1yUgh8PCRvZz9m282nI9Hs6fcUXIYEL6nZiX/VtEOt4f8XKkurCuSwLycv2f4v2uPyM946/jrrHFYjGc7u7GPd//vv7jGSM1Adnz3ns6v9IUfCf/Adzc0orXPrryhvb+M6/imYdW45U//Qe4ZWLXL/4S1Q03nA9IjfLYF2pqXJmAHA4LG9lMP852vobWzB/gvhn/8cpvT5iGnPu/ga6mw3jr3PClTV1Y1zwBOayzePdnQVSKP0BJfmbc/+B+Wl6OVRadrQX8fm3v7YtrAibOXIbnn/wcG5c/g4bOMxdOTr7Amc69eOqhJ/DGdzdh03+/xQUHrgu/86qX8Z+eXo/5mdeM+OjGhgb09PS4MgE5HOf/fZCz9H+I15qOIj3upZlrkH7PA7jn/QP4+a/lwVZXWb6jOIvz61hl69fr1lqor+EhzLyspdaa7v+C8P8uG5LUvNBG6RtP4ejZ/sGwiBUvHxk6swUATMJthVtwcF02PtlxP25Nm46MtNtwV9lvkfFoHXY99T18TX0bL/tsba3vZyjKSh/yd3Mb7tnxMWauq8Pzhd8cMtO/9G8HOH+itquuDs/6/ZY8MTLDVQMDAwNGvVhG2nR09+h9OYNoeJIkYWlBAQIVFZYpIoqi4OHCQjzj9yMzM9Ps4VwhGo0iNzfX8gdMRVGwtrQUS5YutcxnawRJkjAr9y4c6zju6rDI5ThjI1cwJAE5Dofb25GekWHJogYAeXl5li9qkiThvjlz4PFkWeqz1RsTkPHxBm1yBbW1kP7rRIlTFAXVwSBe2rnT7KHYliiKWFFcjA0+n7ZdUCyOCciRccZGjmfV1kItBw9iwcJFlpqtKYqC1kjE7GEkRBCEwZvr3VTUgPMJyMmTJzMBGQdnbORoVm0tJMsynvJtxOudb5o9lEsE/H5cd911Zg9jVI0NDdhVV4c9jY2uuwynJiC3VVaaPRTLYmEjx1I3VzzWcdxyrYWam5qxdt06S41LndmW+XxmD2VEodoQurpOurKoqQlIt2wYOl4sbORIVt5cURRFNDftx6G2NrOHMigWi1lyZjuUmnwEYNA9iNai9oBsO3LYcn/TVsPCRo5j9c0Vrdg66/rrr7d001xZlrHR54PHk4Vlhcss9d4ZYWgC0kprslbF8Ag5jpVbC4miiBMdHZZrnZWammrZWYAkSXggP39wqxy3FTU1Ablg4SJLnqhZEWds5ChWX1jf5PMhUFHhuoPzeAmCgLL16y11U73R6sP1mDx5MrcKGgPO2MgxrN5ayGqtsxobGiDLstnDiEstalXV1ZZ5z4zWGomgq+uk5QM9VsMZGzmCurBuxQSkanswiJ9s2GD2MACcL2onTpxA/vz5Zg9lWKHaEJqb9rsy+agSBAHVwSATkOPAwka2Z4fWQq2RCNIzMpCdnW32UCwdGVcUBfXhenR1ncSBlhbLnqToTZIklK1fj5d27rTs37SVsbCRrdmhtZCVWmfJsmzZyLjb4/wqRVEGm3UzATk+XGMjW7NyAlJ1uL0dc+691xIHqSlTpqDtyGFLjGUoSZLwcGEhPJ4svLhjh6uL2trSUiYgk8QZG9mW1ROQwPkZUql3taVaZ1mxqC0tKECJ12upJtVmYAJSGyxsZEvqOpGVO2UA1mydZSWCIGDp4gexZ99e189Q1ASklU/U7IKFjWxnaGshKxcMSZIG21SZSe3Wb7XZUDQaRbnfb8lLo0ZjAlJbLGxkK3ZqLVS7YwdKvF5Ti+/QA6aVMM5/kZqArKqudv17oRWGR8g27NRayAqts6x4wFQUBc9t3YqurpM41NZmmXGZRU1AbvD5LHEriFOwsJFtqJsr2mFhPVhVhQ0+n6mXlax2wGSc/1JDE5Bu2yhVb7wUSbZghwSkShAEyJ9+avrByko3OKvJxwULF9nixMQI9eF6AOD7oQMWNrI8K3fKGM72YBCrvF6zh2GZoiaKIlYUF2ODz2d6sbeK1kgEx46+ht3hsNlDcSQWNrI0u7UWikajSM/IsPwaoFEY578SE5D64xobWZbdWgspioJyvx/LCgtNef1YLAZfWZkprz2c1kgEZevX41jHcRa1C6wY6HEiFjayJDu2Fjrc3o6c3FxTirAkSVhdUoIfLlhg+GsPJ1QbwuHDhxnnH0JRFKxds8ZSgR6n4qVIsiS7tRaSZRnVwaApN2Nb6YDJ5GN8a0tLMWv23VxnNAALG1mOHVsLNTc1Y8HCRaYENurD9ZY4YMqyjI0+HzyeLCwrXMaiNkSoNgSACUijsLCRpdhxYV2WZWzbssW0RsfLCpeZ8rpDMc4fXzQaZQLSYCxsZBl2S0Cqnq+sRGWwyrR4vdknALFYDKtLShCoqLDNeqhRYrEYyv1+W52oOQHDI2QJdktAqsxqnaUoiqGvF48gCFhdUoKq6moWtcuogR4mII3Hwkams2MCUlUfDqPE6zX0bFySJNw3Zw5kWTbsNYcTqg2hbP167GlsND20YjVWCvS4EQsbmc5uCUiVIAg43d1t6HYwiqKgPBAwddcARVEQqg2hq+skDrS0cDYyDCYgzcU1NjKVnVsLmdE6K+D3w+PJMm1vNcb5R8cEpPlY2Mg0dkxAqgRBwJSpUw29dCqKInp7e1Hm8xn2mkNJkoTyQAAeTxYP2nFEo1E0N+3HobY2s4fialcNDAwMGPViGWnT0d3znlEvRxamxsOrqqtttwahKArumzMHL+3caaugSzLUz6vE67XcTtxWoaZD2W3FfJyxkeHsvrmima2zzMBGxqNTE5CBigoWNQtgYSND2X1zRUVRBi+fGvV6gHn3qkWjUZT7/Wg7ctg1hXys1ARkidfLwm8RTEWSoey+uWJ9uB4LFi4y5KxcPQno6OjQ/bWGE6oNDd5czKIWn5qA5CVa6+CMjQxj99ZCRrfOeqGmBmlpaYbPbBVFwQs1Nejp6cGhtjbbBXuMpCYgrdDWjC5iYSNDOKG10K66Omz2P2vI/WONDQ3o6ekxvBG0OkucPHky4/yjEARhMAHJ98laeCmSdOeE1kKiKKLtlVeQP3++Ia/3zjvv4Fm/35SOJh5PFvyBAA/WIxBFcbDrCt8n62Hcn3SlKAoeLizE8uJiW4ZFVL6yMtxxxx2OXUcRRREriouxweez9edkBPXWBzZ9ti7O2EhXTmgtFIvFcLq72/BGx0YRBAFz/us9CFRU2PpzMsLQlmYsatbFNTbSjVNaC/20vByrdG50rCgKZFk2/FJtaySC6mAQxzqO2/YysZHMbmlGieGMjXShJiDttAv2cARBAADdz85fqKnBXoPujVOFakPYv28fO2UkKFQbQm9vLxOQNsAZG2nOCQlI4PwsanswiGf8fl1fpzUSMTQBObSR8e5w2NafkVGYgLQXFjbSlBMSkKrD7e1Iz8jQ9eZkoxtBy7KMjT4fPJ4sLCtcxoN0ApiAtB9eiiTNDG0tZMcekEOprbOWFRbq+jp/+PhjvLRzpyEnAZIk4YH8/MHu/DxIj06SJKwoLmYPSJth3J808+NHH3XMliaNDQ3485/POeJ3AS52nmdEPXHqJducnBwULFli9nBoDHgpkjThpNZCsizjKd9Gw1pn6U0QBJStX8+iNkYBvx9paWksajbEwkZJG7q5ohMubzU3NWPtunW6tc4SBMGwAhOqDaG5aT+Tj2OkJiDN2tSVksPCRklxSgJSJYqirjsgt0Yi2L9vH2bMmKH7fXH14Xp0dZ3EgZYWQ/pbOoWagDzQ0uKIv2k3YmGjcXPi5or14TBKdLoZOxaLGZKAHBrnZyPjsRFFEUsXP4hjHcd5MmBjTEXSuDixtZAoijjR0aFL6yyjboOQJAlrS0vh8WThxR07WNTGQJZlrCguxp59ex1zouZWLGw0Lk5sLbTJ50OgokK3YhCoqND1Ngi1OW9OTo5j0pxGURQFG30+LC8qcsyJmpvxUiSNmRMX1vVunZWamqrrLIDJx+Som7oyAekMLGw0Jk5tLbQ9GMRPNmwwexjjEo1GUe7346WdO3XtkuJUZm3qSvphYaOEObW1UGskgvSMDM0vE8ZiMVx//fW6ztQY50+OIAjYVVfHBKTDcI2NEuLU1kJ6tc5SO33oRVEUPLd1K7q6TuJQW5ujPhOjSJKEpYsfxJ7GRiYgHYaFjUblxASk6nB7O+bce6+ml/D0vg1CjfN/9tlnjPOPkyzLWFpQwASkQ7FXJI3KV1aGm2662XFJO1mW8d2Z38brnW9qdsauKAoeLizEosWLdUmMSpKEtWvWYNbsux33eRiFPSCdjzM2GpGTN1fUq3XWKq9Xl6ImiiKWFhRgeXExi1oSmIB0PoZHKC4ntxaSJGnwd9NSSkqKLpdrBUE4vx60b6/jLgcbiQlId2Bho2E5vbVQ7Y4dKPF6bfG7tUYiqA4GcazjONeDksAEpHvwUiRdQU1AOnVhXevWWaIoIhqNavJclwvVhrB/3z7G+ZOkJiBf2rnTFiczlBwWNrqEmoB0cmuhYFUVNvh8mpy1qycBX/nKVzQY2UWKosBXVoaurpPYHQ6zqCVhaAKSN7C7AwsbXcLpmysKggD500+Rl5eX9HPpdRIgyzLWlpbipptuZpw/SWoPyAULFzn2RI2uxMJGg9QE5GOPP272UHSzPRjEKq9Xk+fS4yRAkiQ8kJ8PjycLKx9ZyaKWpBdqajB58mSmSF2G4REC4OwEpCoajSI9I0OzM/cfLliAW2+9VZPnAi52K2EjY20wAeleLGw0uLDu1AQkcOGy4YVGwVrRsrcku/NrS01AOq2vKSWGhc3l3NJa6HB7O3Jycy0ZHmhsaBg8CDv5MzCKJEkoW78eL+3cyffTpbjG5mJu2VxRlmVUB4NYU1qa9PM8t3WrRqM6//6HakM4ceIEDrS08CCsAUVRsLSgAIGKCkuexJAxOGNzMbe0FmpuasaChYuSusyqngTk5ORoMia1XyEAJh81or6nTEASC5tLuWVhXZZlbNuyBa93vpnU82h5EiBJEsoDgcHkI2mjPlzPBCQBYGFzJTe1Fnq+shKVwaqkZmvRaFSzkwBJks43Mi4qcvxM2UitkQi6uk46/kSNEsNta1xGkiTMyr3LFX0HRVHEiuJiHGprS6qAK4oCRVGSTowy+agP9X1l+IZUnLG5iFsSkKr6cBglXm/Ss9KUlJSknyMajaLc70dVdbWmtwm4HROQNBwWNpdwSwJSJQgCTnd3wx8ImD0UhGpDaG7azxmFxpiApHgY93cJtbWQW9Z1kmmdpSgKfvzoo5AkKakxKIqC57ZuRVfXSRxqa2NR0xATkDQSzthcwC0JSJUgCJgydeq4D3hqui6ZQqQeeCdPnsw4vw7qw/UAwAQkDYuFzeHc1lpIUZTBNZfx0CJdJ0kS1q5Zg1mz7+aBVwetkQiOHX0Nu8Nhs4dCFsXC5mBqD8i2I4ddcxksmdZZaoeSZE4C1CRmideLufPmjes5KD5BEJL+jMj5WNgcyo2bKyqKMnjQG48pU6YkdWuAIAhYuvhB7Nm3l+s+OlATkFXV1a45UaPxYWFzILdurlgfrseChYuSOuiNt6i1RiKoDgZdcX+gGdQE5Aafj7dL0KhY2BzIja2FtGqdNR6h2hCOHX2NcX4dqQlILXY+J+djYXMYt7YW2lVXh83+Z8fcHSRUG8JXvzpxXLdBKIqCgN+P3t5e7A6Hueajk1BtCAATkJQ4FjYHcevCuiiKaHvlFRxqaxvTz0Wj0XGn62RZxkafD2lpaSjz+Vz1fhspmc+I3IuFzSHc3FpoPK2zYrEYyv3+cZ0EqI2MFyxcxFmEjpL5jMjd2HnEAdzcWigWi+F0dzfu+f73x/RzPy0vH1e6LhaLDb7XLGr6kSQJq0tKmICkcWF3f5tTO1y4dW+vxQsXYpXXa0j6k935jaEoCh4uLMTy4mKGRWhceCnS5tyYgFQJggAAhhSZxoaGwQ4unEHoa21pKWbNvptFjcaNhc3G3JqABM6f1W8PBvGM35/wz8iyPK491UK1IXR1nWRRMwATkKQFFjabcmsCUnW4vR3pGRkJrylGo1Hs2rkT+5qaEn4N9TIvADYyNgATkKQVFjYbcntrIbV1VqKNjkVRHEzXJUqSJJQHAq5duzQaE5CkJaYibYathYCWgwexYOGihGZrkiRhRXExAhUVCZ8EqHH+nJwcFjUDqAnIsXxGRCNhKtJG3J6ABM6vk3135rfxeuebCa2XtUYiAJBwp30mH42lJiAXLV7M3RBIM7wUaSPcXBFobmrG2nXrEg6BjOVgqRa1qupq186GjaYmIFnUSEssbDbBzRXPr5U1N+0fc+usRIRqQ2hu2s/ko4HUBOSywmUmj4SchoXNBmKxmKsTkKpEW2dJkpRwcVIUBS/U1KCnpyepvdhobKLR6OBJCt9z0hrDIxbH1kLniaKIEx0do7bOEkURs3LvgizLoz6numb52WefMc5vICYgSW8sbBamKArWrlnj6gSkapPPh0BFxYgHQlmWsaK4GHv27R11DU6SJDxcWAiPJwv+QIAHWIMwAUlG4KVIC2NrofMSaZ2l7hq+vKho1DSjGucv8XoZWjCQoigoDwRQYlBvT3IvFjaLYmuhi7YHg/jJhg0jPubDDz9ETk7OqBuGCoKApYsfxJ59e3lwNVjA74fHk8WTCdIdC5sFsbXQRa2RCNIzMka9FJuZmTnqDdutkQiqg0Ec6zjOy2AGC9WG0NvbizKfz+yhkAuwsFkMF9YvGmvrrJGEakM4dvQ1xvlNIAgCE5BkKBY2C2EC8lKH29sx5957487EJElCSkrKiEERRVEQ8PvR29uL3eEwD6wGE0URZevX80SNDMVUpEUwAXkpWZZR6l2N5UVFcb+/tKAAH3zwQdznUOP81113HeP8JhhPn04iLbCwWQQTkJcaqXWWmoBcsHBR3JMASZJw35w58Hiy8MSTT7KoGYwJSDITL0VaAFsLXUqSJDQ37ceBlpZhv/9CTc2Iu4bHYjGsLinBBp+PJwomYQKSzMTCZjK2FrpS7Y4dKPF6466dffWrk/DY448P+z125zcfE5BkNhY2EzEBeSW1ddZIB8V4M7XGhgbsqqtj8tFEagLyQEsL/6bJNCxsJmFroeEFq6qwwecb80ExVBtCV9dJFjUTiaKIpYsfxLGO4wlvK0SkBxY2E6gJSC6sX0oQBMiffnrFupiiKDh16tSwQRE1+QiAyUcTqQnIPfv28sSCTMdUpAm4ueLwtgeDWOX1XvI1tXAJJ4QrHi9J0uCO4ixq5lETkIn06SQyAgubwZiAHJ7aOuvyA2O8XcPVRsY5OTlY+chKFjUTBfx+pKWljdqnk8govBRpILYWGl681lnxdg1n8tE6GhsamIAky2FhMwhbC8V3uL0dObm5V7TOSps+Hduef/6S90stalXV1ezQYjJBELCrro4JSLIcFjYDsLVQfLIsozoYHPZm7MsLV6g2hOam/Uw+WoAkSUxAkmWxsOmMrYVG1tzUjAULF43ayPiFmhr09PTgQEsLD6QmU/t0MgFJVsXwiM7YWig+WZaxbcsWLFi4YPBrodoQFEUZ/P9qKvKzzz7DtspKFjWTjWWnciKzsLDpSG0txATk8J6vrERlsGqwWKk3WavrNZIk4eHCQng8WfAHAlzHsYAXamqYgCTL46VInTABObLLW2ddvmu4Gucv8Xo527WIxoYG9PT0YFtlpdlDIRoRC5sOmIAcXX04jBKvFykpKVf0zBQEAUsXP4g9+/bycpdFMAFJdsLCpjEmIEcnCAJOd3fDHwgAAG699dbBXcOj0SjK/X60HTkcd+dsMhYTkGQ3LGwaYmuhxFzeOislJQXZ2dkI1YZw7OhrjPNbCBOQZEcsbBpia6HRRaNRTJk69ZLCrygKAn4/ent7sTsc5qUuixi6UzlP1MhOmIrUiJqAjLcBJl2Y0fr98K5ejcaGBoiiOBjnv+6669jI2GJG26mcyKpY2DSgJiCf9ft5YB6B2jrrk08+wa66OkyYMAH3zZkDjycLTzz5JN87C1ETkOwBSbY0YKD0aX9kJMYAAAOTSURBVGlGvpwhTp06NZA+LW3gww8/NHsoltbX1zdw96xZA7/61a8u+d8jR46YPTS6zIkTJwbunjWLf9NkW1cNDAwMGFVEM9Kmo7vnPaNeTneyLOOB/Hx2mU9AqDaEvr4+/PIX/wsPFhRgb2Mj3zcLkiQJs3LvYiqVdKcoCjo6OpCbm6v51RqGR8aJrYUSp7bOer3zTVx99dXY29jI5KMFKYoymIBkUSO9ybKMlUXFuCVtmua7dXCNbZzYWihxu+rqUBmsQnNTM95557csahakhniYgCSjpKam4vXON5GTm4v5c+fhua1bIcuyJs/NS5Hj0NjQgBMnTjDFlwBRFFG8fDn+9utfx5e+9CW+ZxYVqg3hww8/GLxpnshIamMGANjg8yEvLy+p5+OMbYzU1kJMQCbmmac344v/+wVmzPgWi5pFtUYi6Oo6yQQkmSYvLw+H2tow5957sbKoGL6yMkiSFPfx/WfeQINvLjLSpiNjTg06z/Vf8n0WtjFQWwvtaWxka6EE7N+3H0JHB364aCFWPrKSRc2CYrEYqoNBbCgr4+dDpkpJScETTz6Jg60RnO7uxqzcuxCNRq94XP9HETz2D6vwTxnl6DzyFDzv/Au6fv/FJY8x/FIkERFRIhYVPHjp5fH+36H1xwuxcWoFjvtnY1KcnzM0FemE9TUiItJHLBbD6pIS/K7nfVQGqy7bsqof595qxf9sS0fpkb+LW9QAXookIiKTybKM57Zuxfy585CTm4vXO9+8ch/Gc2+iriyEd7PzkJN+zYjPZ+ilSCIioqFGT0T24+zRzbir8GfoU780eRWa31iNmXGuObKwERGR4WRZxvOVldjfuBcrHn0Ejz3++MgBpjMR/OjvyvDHp1twsPC2ES83svMIEREZTlEUnO7uxsHWSAJdR/px9t9+g3/Gt1CaO23UNTQWNiIiMlxqair2NTUl+Og+dP/mDfRdewem3XD1qI9meISIiKytX0LX0feBnG/hbyeNXrZY2IiIyNr+8A46YoDnrq/jrxJ4OAsbERFZ2MX1tXkJrK8BLGxERGRpF9bXErh/TcXCRkRE1tUvoevoGXjuvxPpCVYsFjYiIrKs/tMCIl88hI0PZCZcsFjYiIjIQr7AR5HVyJobxrsfCXhxSxTZ6+ZjxsTEyxULGxERWciXMemWv8HNsc24L283sGIbNs2+cUzFii21iIjIUThjIyIiR2FhIyIiR/n/fTKUiNcZt/kAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graphs show the variation with time of the activity and the number of remaining nuclei for a sample of a radioactive nuclide.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>What is the decay constant of the nuclide?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mtext>0.7 s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mtext>1 s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></mfrac><msup><mtext> s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mtext>1.5 s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A photon of energy<em> E</em> and wavelength λ is scattered from an electron initially at rest.</p>
<p>What is the energy of the photon and the wavelength of the photon when the electron moves away?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Three observations of the behaviour of electrons are</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">I. electron emission as a result of the photoelectric effect<br>II. electron diffraction as an electron interacts with an atom<br>III. emission of radio waves as a result of electrons oscillating in a conductor.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which observations are evidence that the electron behaves as a particle?</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. I and II only<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. I and III only<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. II and III only<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. I, II and III</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A metallic surface is first irradiated with infrared radiation and photoelectrons are emitted from the surface. The infrared radiation is replaced by ultraviolet radiation of the same intensity.</p>
<p>What will be the change in the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons and the rate at which they are ejected?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>With a low difficulty index, fewer than 15 % of candidates correctly selected response A. The large majority of candidates selected response C. These candidates likely did not recognize that since intensity stays constant, there must be fewer ultraviolet photons ejected for the power per unit area to remain constant. The discrimination index was very low for this question.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three correct statements about the behaviour of electrons are:</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">I. An electron beam is used to investigate the structure of crystals.<br>II. An electron beam produces a pattern of fringes when sent through two narrow parallel slits.<br>III. Electromagnetic radiation ejects electrons from the surface of a metal. </p>
<p>Which statements are explained using the wave-like properties of electrons?</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diameter of a nucleus of a particular nuclide X is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>12</mn><mo> </mo><mi>fm</mi></math>. What is the nucleon number of X?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>125</mn></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>155</mn></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>An electron of mass <em>m </em>has an uncertainty in its position <em>r</em>. What is the uncertainty in the speed of this electron?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{{4\pi r}}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{hr}{{4\pi m}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{hm}{{4\pi r}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{{4\pi mr}}">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>π</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In a photoelectric effect experiment, a beam of light is incident on a metallic surface W in a vacuum.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>The graph shows how the current <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi></math></em> varies with the potential difference <em>V</em> when three different beams X, Y, and Z are incident on W at different times.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> I. X and Y have the same frequency.<br> II. Y and Z have different intensity.<br> III. Y and Z have the same frequency.</p>
<p>Which statements are correct?</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In the Bohr model for hydrogen an electron in the ground state has orbit radius <em>r</em> and speed <em>v</em>. In the first excited state the electron has orbit radius 4<em>r</em>. What is the speed of the electron in the first excited state?</p>
<p>A. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{4}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>C. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{8}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>8</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>D. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{v}{16}">
<mfrac>
<mi>v</mi>
<mn>16</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following, observed during a radioactive-decay experiment, provide evidence for the existence of nuclear energy levels?</p>
<p>I. The spectrum of alpha particle energies<br>II. The spectrum of beta particle energies <br>III. The spectrum of gamma ray energies </p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only </p>
<p>C. II and III only </p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>