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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Two observations about the photoelectric effect are</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Observation 1: For light below the threshold frequency no electrons are emitted from the metal surface.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Observation 2: For light above the threshold frequency, the emission of electrons is almost instantaneous.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The graph shows how the maximum kinetic energy <em>E</em><sub>max</sub> of electrons emitted from a surface of barium metal varies with the frequency <em>f</em> of the incident radiation.</p>
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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how each observation provides support for the particle theory but not the wave theory of light.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine a value for Planck’s constant.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by the work function of a metal.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the work function of barium in eV.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The experiment is repeated with a metal surface of cadmium, which has a greater work function. Draw a second line on the graph to represent the results of this experiment.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The first scientists to identify alpha particles by a direct method were Rutherford and Royds.&nbsp;They knew that radium-226 (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{86}^{226}{\text{Ra}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>86</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>226</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>Ra</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>) decays by alpha emission to form a nuclide known as radon (Rn).</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>At the start of the experiment, Rutherford and Royds put 6.2 x&nbsp;10<sup>–4</sup> mol of&nbsp;pure radium-226 in a small closed cylinder A. Cylinder A is fixed in the centre of a&nbsp;larger closed cylinder B.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The experiment lasted for 6 days. The decay constant of radium-226 is 1.4 x&nbsp;10<sup>–11</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>At the start of the experiment, all the air was removed from cylinder B. The&nbsp;alpha particles combined with electrons as they moved through the wall of cylinder A to&nbsp;form helium gas in cylinder B.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write down the nuclear equation for this decay.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce that the activity of the radium-226 is almost constant during the&nbsp;experiment.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that about 3 x&nbsp;10<sup>15</sup> alpha particles are emitted by the radium-226 in 6 days.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The wall of cylinder A is made from glass. Outline why this glass wall had to be very thin.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The experiment was carried out at a temperature of 18 °C. The volume of&nbsp;cylinder B was 1.3 x&nbsp;10<sup>–5</sup> m<sup>3</sup> and the volume of cylinder A was negligible.&nbsp;Calculate the pressure of the helium gas that was collected in cylinder B over the 6 day period. Helium is a monatomic gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The de Broglie wavelength <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi></math> of a particle accelerated close to the speed of light is approximately</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi><mo>≈</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mi>E</mi></mfrac></math></p>
<p>where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math> is the energy of the particle.<br>A beam of electrons of energy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup><mo> </mo><mi>eV</mi></math> is produced in an accelerator.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The electron beam is used to study the nuclear radius of carbon-12. The beam is directed from the left at a thin sample of carbon-12. A detector is placed at an angle <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>θ</mi></math> relative to the direction of the incident beam.</p>
<p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="378" height="137"></p>
<p>The graph shows the variation of the intensity of electrons with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>θ</mi></math>. There is a minimum of intensity for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>θ</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>.</p>
<p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" 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" width="365" height="235"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the wavelength of an electron in the beam is about <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss how the results of the experiment provide evidence for matter waves.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The accepted value of the diameter of the carbon-12 nucleus is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>94</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></math>. Estimate the angle <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>θ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> at which the minimum of the intensity is formed.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why electrons with energy of approximately <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>7</mn></msup><mo> </mo><mi>eV</mi></math> would be unsuitable for the investigation of nuclear radii.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Experiments with many nuclides suggest that the radius of a nucleus is proportional to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>A</mi><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></msup></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi></math> is the number of nucleons in the nucleus. Show that the density of a nucleus remains approximately the same for all nuclei.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Yellow light of photon energy 3.5&nbsp;x 10<sup>–19</sup> J is incident on the surface of a particular&nbsp;photocell.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The photocell is connected to a cell as shown. The photoelectric current is at its&nbsp;maximum value (the saturation current).</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Radiation with a greater photon energy than that in (b) is now incident on the photocell.&nbsp;The intensity of this radiation is the same as that in (b).</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the wavelength of the light.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Electrons emitted from the surface of the photocell have almost no kinetic energy. Explain why this does not contradict the law of conservation of energy.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Radiation of photon energy 5.2 x&nbsp;10<sup>–19</sup> J is now incident on the photocell. Calculate the&nbsp;maximum velocity of the emitted electrons.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the change in the number of photons per second incident on the surface of the photocell.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain the effect on the maximum photoelectric current as a result of&nbsp;increasing the photon energy in this way.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Plutonium-238 (Pu) decays by alpha (&alpha;) decay into uranium (U).</p>
<p>The following data are available for binding energies per nucleon:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">plutonium&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7.568&thinsp;MeV</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">uranium&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;7.600&thinsp;MeV</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">alpha particle&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;7.074&thinsp;MeV</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The energy in b(i) can be transferred into electrical energy to run the instruments of&nbsp;a spacecraft. A spacecraft carries 33&thinsp;kg of pure plutonium-238 at launch. The decay&nbsp;constant of plutonium is 2.50 &times; 10<sup>&minus;10</sup>&thinsp;s<sup>&minus;1</sup>.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>Solar radiation falls onto a metallic surface carried by the spacecraft causing&nbsp;the emission of photoelectrons. The radiation has passed through a filter so it is&nbsp;monochromatic. The spacecraft is moving away from the Sun.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw, on the axes, a graph to show the variation with nucleon number <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi></math> of the binding energy per nucleon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>BE</mtext><mi>A</mi></mfrac></math>. Numbers are not required on the vertical axis.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify, with a cross, on the graph in (a)(ii), the region of greatest stability.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some unstable nuclei have many more neutrons than protons. Suggest the likely decay for these nuclei.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the energy released in this decay is about 6 MeV.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The plutonium nucleus is at rest when it decays.</p>
<p>Calculate the ratio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mtext>kinetic energy of alpha particle</mtext><mtext>kinetic energy of uranium</mtext></mfrac></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Estimate the power, in kW, that is available from the plutonium at launch.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The spacecraft will take 7.2 years (2.3 × 10<sup>8</sup> s) to reach a planet in the solar system. Estimate the power available to the spacecraft when it gets to the planet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p> State and explain what happens to the kinetic energy of an emitted photoelectron.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p> State and explain what happens to the rate at which charge leaves the metallic surface.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{32}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span> is formed when a nucleus of deuterium (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{1}^{2}{\text{H}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>1</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>H</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>) collides with a nucleus of <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{31}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>31</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>. The radius of a deuterium nucleus is 1.5 fm.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how the density of a nucleus varies with the number of nucleons in the nucleus.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the nuclear radius of phosphorus-31 (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{31}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>31</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>) is about 4 fm.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the maximum distance between the centres of the nuclei for which the production of <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{32}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span> is likely to occur.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine, in J, the minimum initial kinetic energy that the deuterium nucleus must have in order to produce <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{32}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>. Assume that the phosphorus nucleus is stationary throughout the interaction and that only electrostatic forces act.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{32}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span> undergoes beta-minus (β<sup>–</sup>) decay. Explain why the energy gained by the emitted beta particles in this decay is not the same for every beta particle.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by decay constant.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>In a fresh pure sample of <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{32}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span> the activity of the sample is 24 Bq. After one week the activity has become 17 Bq. Calculate, in s<sup>–1</sup>, the decay constant of <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{15}^{32}{\text{P}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>32</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>P</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Particles can be used in scattering experiments to estimate nuclear sizes.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>Electron diffraction experiments indicate that the nuclear radius of carbon-12&nbsp;is 2.7&nbsp;x 10<sup>–15</sup> m. The graph shows the variation of nuclear radius with nucleon number. The nuclear radius of the carbon-12 is shown on the graph.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The Feynman diagram shows electron capture.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain the nature of the particle labelled X.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how these experiments are carried out.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why the particles must be accelerated to high energies in scattering experiments.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain <strong>one</strong> example of a scientific analogy.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Plot the position of magnesium-24 on the graph.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw a line on the graph, to show the variation of nuclear radius with nucleon number.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>In an electric circuit used to investigate the photoelectric effect, the voltage is varied until the&nbsp;reading in the ammeter is zero. The stopping voltage that produces this reading is 1.40 V.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the photoelectric effect.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the maximum velocity of the photoelectrons is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>700</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mtext>km  s</mtext><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The photoelectrons are emitted from a sodium surface. Sodium has a work function of&nbsp;2.3 eV.</p>
<p>Calculate the wavelength of the radiation incident on the sodium. State an appropriate&nbsp;unit for your answer.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>In an experiment to demonstrate the photoelectric effect, monochromatic electromagnetic&nbsp;radiation from source A is incident on the surfaces of metal P and metal Q. Observations&nbsp;of the emission of electrons from P and Q are made.</p>
<p>The experiment is then repeated with two other sources of electromagnetic radiation:&nbsp;B and C. The table gives the results for the experiment and the wavelengths of the&nbsp;radiation sources.</p>
<p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the cause of the electron emission for radiation A.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why electrons are never emitted for radiation C.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why radiation B gives different results.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why there is no effect on the table of results when the intensity of source B is doubled.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Photons with energy 1.1 × 10<sup>−18 </sup>J are incident on a third metal surface. The maximum&nbsp;energy of electrons emitted from the surface of the metal is 5.1 × 10<sup>−19 </sup>J.</p>
<p>Calculate, in eV, the work function of the metal.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>An apparatus is used to investigate the photoelectric effect. A caesium cathode C is illuminated by a variable light source. A variable power supply is connected between C and the collecting anode A. The photoelectric current <em>I</em> is measured using an ammeter.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A current is observed on the ammeter when violet light illuminates C. With V held constant the current becomes zero when the violet light is replaced by red light of the same intensity. Explain this observation.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The graph shows the variation of photoelectric current <em>I</em> with potential difference <em>V</em> between C and A when violet light of a particular intensity is used.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The intensity of the light source is increased without changing its wavelength.</p>
<p>(i) Draw, on the axes, a graph to show the variation of <em>I</em> with <em>V</em> for the increased intensity.</p>
<p>(ii) The wavelength of the violet light is 400 nm. Determine, in eV, the work function of caesium.</p>
<p>(iii) <em>V</em> is adjusted to +2.50V. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons just before they reach A.</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>During electron capture, an atomic electron is captured by a proton in the nucleus.&nbsp;The stable nuclide thallium-205 (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mtext>Tl</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>81</mn><mn>205</mn></mmultiscripts></math>) can be formed when an unstable lead (Pb)&nbsp;nuclide captures an electron.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write down the equation to represent this decay.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The unstable lead nuclide has a half-life of 15 × 10<sup>6</sup> years. A sample initially&nbsp;contains 2.0 μmol of the lead nuclide. Calculate the number of thallium nuclei&nbsp;being formed each second 30 × 10<sup>6</sup> years later.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The neutron number <em>N</em> and the proton number <em>Z</em> are not equal for the nuclide <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mtext>Tl</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>81</mn><mn>205</mn></mmultiscripts></math>.&nbsp;Explain, with reference to the forces acting within the nucleus, the reason for this.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Thallium-205 (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mtext>Tl</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>81</mn><mn>205</mn></mmultiscripts></math>) can also form from successive alpha (α) and beta-minus (β<sup>−</sup>)&nbsp;decays of an unstable nuclide. The decays follow the sequence α β<sup>−</sup> β<sup>−</sup> α. The diagram&nbsp;shows the position of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mtext>Tl</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>81</mn><mn>205</mn></mmultiscripts></math>&nbsp;on a chart of neutron number against proton number.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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"></p>
<p>Draw <strong>four</strong> arrows to show the sequence of changes to <em>N</em> and <em>Z</em> that occur as the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mtext>Tl</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>81</mn><mn>205</mn></mmultiscripts></math>&nbsp;forms from the unstable nuclide.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Radioactive uranium-238 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>U</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>92</mn><mn>238</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>&nbsp;produces a series of decays ending with a stable nuclide of&nbsp;lead. The nuclides in the series decay by either alpha (α) or beta-minus (β<sup>−</sup>) processes.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The graph shows the variation with the nucleon number <em>A</em> of the binding energy per nucleon.</p>
<p><img 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iS0dfIkfBKsKd2ceoiXYtQdZZ2tfpCu/Qw+UneUWaPy2JkCn9VGWb/E22MWW6eENlayK6azyVAcsitPwifB6rAkWB1tU3koDtkd1pm6Ee+p14Hyb/1Roa7F9aMc+ih4GsRL9TraOz5OHmJN5XFYyCfBOrMe4qV6q1HW2eoH6drP4CPVKLNG5bEzBT5rjbLudunDQnRnq73V29YpoY2V7IrpbDIUh+zKk/BJsDosCVZH21QeikN2h3WmbsT7oNaBrkWx6e3t2kd/t0c52get6B+37dMK1dg42lK9jvaOj5Mnoa2TJ+GTYE3p5tRDvBSjGmWdrX6Qrv0MPlKNMmtUHjtT4LPUKOtOlu5c6X/70qCNleyK72wyFIfsypPwSbA6LAlWR9tUHopDdod1pm7Eu8d1oH/c6o8Fl49yaN/S68aNz9//kJX1HxQ6uqZ8SNdaB1KgH45ujg+tW4pRjXJ/bnSEdN2eNT5ajfJYn7LuUIHPSqPc3tFCGyZtmjpN5EN2xXA2GYpDdofV8UmwOnlS9RBvKg/FIXutAynQD0c38lFz89RTf3b/Q1b06IbuPmtPa3eh9QeF7S70sf+DRHlETz5kVwxas6k8Dgv5JFhn1kO8VG81yjpb/SBd+xl8pBpl1qg8dqbAw94oawNsf7Cn7zVo03R8nBjOJkNxyO6wOj4JVidPqh7iTeWhOGSXJsQ6UzfiTbDOrOcYb7sLrf971P6gUHudXmqo20d96y60/vCQBulGdsU/xrrMTXHIrlgJnwSrw5JgdbSlPNUoL1fhJ9876+ATb++7apQ9ncprRwo8zI2yflnqUQv9olwO2jTlSz5kVwxnk6E4ZHdYHZ8Eq5MnVQ/xpvJQHLLXOpAC/XB0c3wuuw7UEClu+6hvNc3Os9DEQnYpQKzyoThkd2I4PglWJ0+qHuKlPNUo62z1g3TtZ/CRapRZo/LYmQJqlLWJnMtLF67DqrtEem/kN9+8afk7MS/r47JeNu4p/M+JVfWfE2+xnm5/SWqrd9n40Y/+5uJvGPSe6nov6HYXWt/rmO5Qy0e+l70Ok6yXzX1Z/3NiPaf9oN5Hud5HeWctYOE4CjyMd5T1R3uqS1+3hjZWGuRDdsXXLxsaFIfsip/wSbA6LAlW5SHeVB6KQ3aHdaZuxEu6OqyOD3E4MeRDvIk8utuof3gv70Kvn4VWA92ehZb/1iBWp+ZEPU6eBKuTJ1UP8VKeuqO8tWL5+tqeNT5ad5TH+pR1hwo8bI2y7iDrcQs9dnFs0KapeeRDdsWgzTuVx2EhnwTrzHqIl+p1WB0fJw+xpvI4LOSTYJ1ZD/FSvQ7ryEfx9ZyzGmU996xHObSnrt8XWn5//uf/TaGGg3jJruAJH9I1lSfBKhbipTzVKG8vS9J1e9b4aDXKY33KukMFHqZGWXeQ9bjFqEnWKaBN0/FxYjibDMUhu8Pq+CRYnTypeog3lYfikF2aEOtM3Yg3wTqzHuKleh1Wx2edZ+t9of/wD//DRRPdPp1Qb3enPUtz213odRzlXg6yyzfhQ7qm8iRYxUK8lKca5eUq++R70vUTT/+7apR9rcozpMBbb/3wcOPGo/efpXvlle9eKvLD0ijrF47u4jif5kWbpgQkH7IrhrPJUByyO6yOT4LVyZOqh3hTeSgO2WsdSIF+OLo5Pue4DlSX9is1yroLrca53YXWs9D6wBXZ5Ld+SztHk4QP6aozmsiTiCEW4qU81Sj316ij6/as8dFqlMf6lDWsgJpkbbAffvjr+5Gffvqpw7PPfv3+z/TNw9Ao6399tsctaEOUHgkfJwZt3g6Lkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqIVU2xnoVWk9w+nVD7mvZoNdNqqvWIR7sLLa6tkaiZWJU3kScRQyzES3mqUd5aSazr9qzx0WqUx/qUNazAE0984aDGeDla83z37t3l4aPfn3uj3N4CTr88NGhDTPk4eWjzdlicPAmfBOvMeog3oUmqHmJN5UnUnGCdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsozyqQ3tcexZ6eRdaz0Uv70L/4vZthRoO0uU6rMvElIfsiuX4EC/FqEZ5edY++Z50/cTT/64aZV+r8gwoMGqUP/roN1aGc26UdQdGd1xak6yCaUNM+Th5nE2G4pA9VU+C1WFJ1UO8qTwUh+zShFhn6ka8CdaZ9RAv1euwOj5OHmK9Sh7dKFBu3YVuH6yiv9NY3oWWbX0XmngTrFepR3PWg1jlT7wUoxrlteq//5l03Z41PlqN8lifsoYVePfdn35mH73Qxqa7KrqTshy0Ico34ePEcDYZikP2VD0JVoclVQ/xpvJQHLJLE2KdqRvxJlhn1kO8VK/D6vg4eYg1lUcs2h/1VQ2yGmXddW53ofXWdu1Z6PaWdutnoROsyXoUazSIl85PNcrb6pKu27PGR6tRHutT1hMo8Pzz375olnUHQS/9Yd/WaPatr7oYzu31x3/8nw56nRt38Z7fWqtzVufsYVoDepu6p576s8MTT/yXw3/+z//P4caNzx/+4A/+/f/9/fH5i31Vti9/+UsXfg9T7VXL5a/lrX7iOseqUb6OejX30gqoSdbjF8vnkfWuFzp27949K54aZxr0r3HNJx+yOzHko41Od0h0d0R3AdYjlYfikL2xrvnWP1Mcsitewke60kjkScQQJ/Gm8lAcsjus8qE4ZHdiOD6kqxPD8UnVQ7ypPBSH7NKEWGfqtsW7vAutRnl5F1qPuJ3iWegtDumwHI4PaUsx6o7yUvFPviddP/H0v6tG2deqPK+pgN7pQk2u/nhvOdQ0bx1f+iy/P7dGWXdC2jtcLOto39OGKL+EjxPD2WQoDtlT9SRYHZZUPcSbykNxyC5NiHWmbsSbYJ1ZD/FSvQ6r4+PkIdZUHoeFfNasp3oWmjgcTeSz5tWx5aA81Sgv1frke9L1E0//u2qUfa3K85oK3L7984uGWF/XQ49f6G6zM86pUdZmpv9FuPzjvXWNtCHKP+HjxHA2GYpD9lQ9CVaHJVUP8abyUByySxNinakb8SZYZ9ZDvFSvw+r4OHmINZXHYSEfl3V5F1r/p2/rfaH1R4ayKef6w6CIw9FEPsRLeapRlor9IF37GXykGmXWqDxCCozuHKtRXt9pPpb2nBplbcJ6Lnk0aEPU3ISPE8PZZCgO2VP1JFgdllQ9xJvKQ3HILk2IdaZuxJtgnVkP8VK9Dqvj4+Qh1lQeh4V8Eqz0vtB6lGP5vtBqVrcGsWoO8VKMapS3lGddt2eNj1ajPNanrGEF9Dyy3kd5eVf5YX1GWX+drb/W/p9f/epQRdoQNTnh48SgzdthcfIkfBKsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xJvQJFUPsabyJGpOsI7qEaM+KKq9L7SaZt200Uvft7vQ8tGHsNAgXtKkGuVthUnX7Vnjo9Uoj/Up6wkU0J3j5UdY65GL5R/3UcpzuKPc3i9Zmx1duLQhSo+EjxODWB0WJ0/CJ8E6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvAlNUvUQaypPouYE61XqUcMqft0YaW9r99hjf3LRQOtGyfoPCtvb2hEvaVKNss5WP0jXfgYfqUaZNSqPnSlwDo1y2xwlHV24tCEqRsLHiUGsDouTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4I1Xc/WHxS2j/h+5JH/eNFEq7luH66i5rcN0qQa5abUp7866+DTM/inapRZo/LYmQJ7b5T1v960GbZNjy5c2hAlf8LHiUGsDouTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj16N6T24Sr6W5b1oxx/+Y1vXNyh1u+TLX2qUdbZ6oezDvpZ4yPVKI/1KesOFVCjrI1jj6+/+9WvDvo41h/96G/u8+nC3SPrFlOxnm5dlban0facdNU1d068xXqaNTtaB/odomecX3/ttYvnofWJhH/6p1+8eJRDv1v084svvHBhk9/f3rp10t8v77/33uE7L7980hxbv4uuekxrNj2qUU4rWvFOrsCe7yjr46l1Z2A56MLVhkAj4ePEIFZxUhyyOzEcnwSrkydVD/Gm8lAcsksTYp2pG/EmWGfWQ7xUr8Pq+Dh5iDWVx2EhnwTrzHqId6tePd+s43pc4/vf//8P/+N//PeLPxjX78Tl89DLj/neiqM62yD7b3/728P/+uu/bu5Hv1Icsjt3yCmG4EjXowUMDNUoD8Qp0z4V2GujrE1MbO2PNZp6dOE6F3/Cx4lBrKqJ4pDdieH4JFidPKl6iDeVh+KQXZoQ60zdiDfBOrMe4qV6HVbHx8lDrKk8Dgv5JFhn1kO8VO+6sdTz0HpMQ0203oFDN2za89D6VFj9LNuyiXbqrUb5cKhGWSulxlkpsNdGWRuR7iivx3U3RMWjTdPxcWIQayqPw0I+CdaZ9RAv1euwOj5OHmJN5XFYyCfBOrMe4qV6HVbHx8lDrKk8Dgv5JFhn1kO8VO+6URb71lAcvdZNtH6P6qXHOvSM9LE/KqxGuRrlrXVVx3auwB4bZW1Eyz/gW0p43Q1RsWjTdHycGMSayuOwkE+CdWY9xEv1OqyOj5OHWFN5HBbySbDOrId4qV6H1fFx8hBrKo/DQj4J1pn1EC/Ve5lGWXVtDcXQc86jPyr8i7/4n4dnnvl/N9+ZYxmTeMnu1EMxxEO6Lpnd7+uOsqtU+e1GgT02yu1/a22JRBeuc/EnfJwYxKr6KA7ZnRiOT4LVyZOqh3hTeSgO2aUJsc7UjXgTrDPrIV6q12F1fJw8xJrK47CQT4J1Zj3ES/U6jeV16lF8Mfzv//3mRaO89c4cyzvRarg159hI1EMxlJt0PcY3Ol6N8kidsu1Sgb01yrp49YcUxzYJunCdiz/h48QgVi0IikN2J4bjk2B18qTqId5UHopDdmlCrDN1I94E68x6iJfqdVgdHycPsabyOCzkk2CdWQ/xUr2nbpSlhcbWoxetiW53onWjSO/God/NeunnZROtWvRuHqPh1EOaKD7pOmI4ZqtG+ZgydXy3CuytUVaTrA3j2KAL17n4Ez5ODGJVjRSH7E4MxyfB6uRJ1UO8qTwUh+zShFhn6ka8CdaZ9RAv1euwOj5OHmJN5XFYyCfBOrMe4qV6ncYyUc9Wo6y469F42ztztCaa7kRrnmpx6mk51rmXP5OuS1/3+2qUXaXKbzcKqFHWBbOHl94vWR9XOmLRhTuy78lWrKdbV6XtabQ9J111rZ8Tb7GeZs2e0zpIvo9ye4/oN9+8efE+0PpQleWdaH2vY9979dWDfPQ4h+Zc5nek1mx6VKOcVrTinVyBPd1R1oU9upssMejC1SZAI+HjxCBWcVIcsjsxHJ8Eq5MnVQ/xpvJQHLJLE2KdqRvxJlhn1kO8VK/D6vg4eYg1lcdhIZ8E68x6iJfqde7AJuq57B1l5dwaVM8//MM/HN5//72jf1iot7jT79utt7hb5iNdl77u99Uou0qV324U2EujrAtfn5REgy5c2kAUP+HjxCBWh8XJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU0etkZ5VI9s0kP/B3f0PtF6e9YvfvG/6jRGRzXKUTkr2AwF9tIo6w8W9L+IaFx3Q1R82jQdHycGsabyOCzkk2CdWQ/xUr0Oq+Pj5CHWVB6HhXwSrDPrIV6q12F1fJw8xJrK47CQT4J1Zj3ES/WOGkvV0QbFIfusO8pOPcdYdby9T/SXv/ylVnrsazXKMSkr0CwF9tAo6w8W9L7J9Je80uS6G6JiHNsglpqTD9kdVofFyZPwIV0dVscnwepom8pDccjusM7UjXhrHehs9IN0I7siJrR18iR8EqyqmVjI7sRwtKU8TmPpsFCec2iUVWcbzjpovu7XapRdpcpvNwrsoVHWR4TqRZuMRKML14mR8HFiEKvqoThkd2I4PglWJ0+qHuJN5aE4ZJcmxDpTN+JNsM6sh3ipXofV8XHyEGsqj8NCPgnWmfUQLwE/4CoAACAASURBVNVbjbLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj50p8KAbZW1QYmhvg0Py0IVLG6LiJ3ycGMTqsDh5Ej4J1pn1EG9Ck1Q9xJrKk6g5wTqzHuJNaJKqh1hTeRI1J1hn1kO8pEk1yjpb/SBd+xl8pBpl1qg8dqbAg26U3377xxdvqC5ZaDOTD124ToyEjxODWJ2anTwJnwTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8SY0SdVDrKk8iZoTrDPrIV7SpBplna1+kK79DD5SjTJrVB47U+BBN8r6gBH94YAGbWbyoQvXiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEuaVKOss9UP0rWfwUeqUWaNymNnCqhR1ibyIF7OB4ysuXThro/t9ediPd26Km1Po+056arr/px4i/U0a/ac1kHyA0dm/N7Tmk2PapTTila8kyvwIO8o6w/49D6ObejCp0EXrhMj4ePEIFbVSnHI7sRwfBKsTp5UPcSbykNxyC5NiHWmbsSbYJ1ZD/FSvQ6r4+PkIdZUHoeFfBKsM+shXqq37ijrbPWDdO1n8JFqlFmj8tiZAg+qUdbGpNz6I742aDOTH124ToyEjxODWFUPxSG7E8PxSbA6eVL1EG8qD8UhuzQh1pm6EW+CdWY9xEv1OqyOj5OHWFN5HBbySbDOrId4qd5qlHW2+kG69jP4SDXKrFF57EyBB9UoL/+Ir0lCm5n86MJ1YiR8nBjEqnooDtmdGI5PgtXJk6qHeFN5KA7ZpQmxztSNeBOsM+shXqrXYXV8nDzEmsrjsJBPgnVmPcRL9VajrLPVD9K1n8FHqlFmjcpjZwo8qEZZnzV/69bPPqUGbWZypgvXiZHwcWIQq+qhOGR3Yjg+CVYnT6oe4k3loThklybEOlM34k2wzqyHeKleh9XxcfIQayqPw0I+CdaZ9RAv1VuNss5WP0jXfgYfqUaZNSqPnSnwIBrl9kl82pyWgzYz+dKF68RI+DgxiFX1UByyOzEcnwSrkydVD/Gm8lAcsksTYp2pG/EmWGfWQ7xUr8Pq+Dh5iDWVx2EhnwTrzHqIl+qtRllnqx+kaz+Dj1SjzBqVx84UeBCNsv6AT3/Itx60mcmfLlwnRsLHiUGsqofikN2J4fgkWJ08qXqIN5WH4pBdmhDrTN2IN8E6sx7ipXodVsfHyUOsqTwOC/kkWGfWQ7xUbzXKOlv9IF37GXykGmXWqDx2psCDaJSX7528lIM2M/nShevESPg4MYhV9VAcsjsxHJ8Eq5MnVQ/xpvJQHLJLE2KdqRvxJlhn1kO8VK/D6vg4eYg1lcdhIZ8E68x6iJfqrUZZZ6sfpGs/g49Uo8walcfOFJjdKN+5c+fw6KOPbKpAm5km0YXrxEj4ODGIVfVQHLI7MRyfBKuTJ1UP8abyUByySxNinakb8SZYZ9ZDvFSvw+r4OHmINZXHYSGfBOvMeoiX6q1GWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpXHzhRQo6xNZNbre6++evirb33ryvl04c5ivW6eYj3duiptT6PtOemq6/OceIv1NGv2nNZBfeDI4VCN8s6awMJhBWbfUda7XbSPrF7TacOjoV82o+HESPg4MYhVdVAcsjsxHJ8Eq5MnVQ/xpvJQHLJLE2KdqRvxJlhn1kO8VK/D6vg4eYg1lcdhIZ8E68x6iJfqrTvKOlv9IF37GXykGmXWqDx2psDMRrm928UxCWgz0zy6cJ0YCR8nBrGqHopDdieG45NgdfKk6iHeVB6KQ3ZpQqwzdSPeBOvMeoiX6nVYHR8nD7Gm8jgs5JNgnVkP8VK91SjrbPWDdO1n8JFqlFmj8ggp8NZbP7z4ZDs1uluv55//tpVpZqOsDxl57rlvHuWizUwT6cJ1YiR8nBjEqnooDtmdGI5PgtXJk6qHeFN5KA7ZpQmxztSNeBOsM+shXqrXYXV8nDzEmsrjsJBPgnVmPcRL9VajrLPVD9K1n8FHqlFmjcrjxAo8++zXDzduPHq4e/eulWlmo/y1r321+5CRJSRtZvKlC9eJkfBxYhCr6qE4ZHdiOD4JVidPqh7iTeWhOGSXJsQ6UzfiTbDOrId4qV6H1fFx8hBrKo/DQj4J1pn1EC/VW42yzlY/SNd+Bh+pRpk1Ko8TKtDuMr/77k/tLLMa5b/71a8u7nxrQzo2aDPTPLpwnRgJHycGsaoeikN2J4bjk2B18qTqId5UHopDdmlCrDN1I94E68x6iJfqdVgdHycPsabyOCzkk2CdWQ/xUr3VKOts9YN07WfwkWqUWaPyOJEC9+7du7iT/PTTT10qw6xG+c03bx70h3yjQZuZ5tKF68RI+DgxiFX1UByyOzEcnwSrkydVD/Gm8lAcsksTYp2pG/EmWGfWQ7xUr8Pq+Dh5iDWVx2EhnwTrzHqIl+qtRllnqx+kaz+Dj1SjzBqVx4kUeP311y7u2N6+/fNLZZjVKOst4fSM8mjQZqa5dOE6MRI+TgxiVT0Uh+xODMcnwerkSdVDvKk8FIfs0oRYZ+pGvAnWmfUQL9XrsDo+Th5iTeVxWMgnwTqzHuKleqtR1tnqB+naz+Aj1SizRuVxIgX0XPLobrIa4mMvXQynfv3hH/6Hw5//+X87eZ5T11HxT79WSuPSuNZArYFaA/tYA+mWpRrltKIVz1JAzySrCb7Ms8kt8Iw7yvo0vs997o9ayqNf6V/9mqjNczScGAkfJwaxqg6KQ3YnhuOTYHXypOoh3lQeikN2aUKsM3Uj3gTrzHqIl+p1WB0fJw+xpvI4LOSTYJ1ZD/FSvXVHWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpXHCRRo73Sh55QvO2Y0ynrkQo9e0KDNTPPpwnViJHycGMSqeigO2Z0Yjk+C1cmTqod4U3koDtmlCbHO1I14E6wz6yFeqtdhdXycPMSayuOwkE+CdWY9xEv1VqOss9UP0rWfwUeqUWaNyuMECuixCzXLVxkzGmW9d7L+mI8GbWaaTxeuEyPh48QgVtVDccjuxHB8EqxOnlQ9xJvKQ3HILk2IdaZuxJtgnVkP8VK9Dqvj4+Qh1lQeh4V8Eqwz6yFeqrcaZZ2tfpCu/Qw+Uo0ya1QeYQU++ug3F49d6K3hrjJmNMrK8YvbtxGPNjMFoAvXiZHwcWIQq+qhOGR3Yjg+CVYnT6oe4k3loThklybEOlM34k2wzqyHeKleh9XxcfIQayqPw0I+CdaZ9RAv1VuNss5WP0jXfgYfqUaZNSqPsALXeT5ZKKdulLVBPf74Y9gQioU2M/nQhevESPg4MYjVqdnJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU2qUdbZ6gfp2s/gI9Uos0blEVagfcjIhx/++kqRT90o37z5xuGll160mmDazFQgXbhOjISPE4NYVQ/FIbsTw/FJsDp5UvUQbyoPxSG7NCHWmboRb4J1Zj3ES/U6rI6Pk4dYU3kcFvJJsM6sh3ip3mqUdbb6Qbr2M/hINcqsUXnsTIFTN8rtY6tpo5Isjg9duE6MhI8Tg1idmp08CZ8E68x6iDehSaoeYk3lSdScYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yFe0qQaZZ2tfpCu/Qw+Uo0ya1QeO1Pg1I2y4n/88e+sJpg2M0lHF64TI+HjxCBW1UNxyO7EcHwSrE6eVD3Em8pDccguTYh1pm7Em2CdWQ/xUr0Oq+Pj5CHWVB6HhXwSrDPrIV6qtxplna1+kK79DD5SjTJrVB47U0CNrDaRU7z+9tatw2OP/Uk0ti7cU7CeImaxnmZd6VyVtqfR9px0rXVwmjVwbrqeE+/77713+M7LL5/V77B0y1KNclrRindyBU55R1nvn6znkzW0mdFwfPSLfDScGAkfJwaxqg6KQ3YnhuOTYHXypOoh3lQeikN2aUKsM3Uj3gTrzHqIl+p1WB0fJw+xpvI4LOSTYJ1ZD/FSvXVHWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpXHzhQ4ZaOs909Ws6xBG5XrQxduKg/FIbvqIVanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKlGWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpXHzhQ4ZaOst4XTx1dr0Ebl+tCFm8pDcciueojVqdnJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU2qUdbZ6gfp2s/gI9Uos0blsTMFTtUo6w/4Hn30kfvV0kYlR8eHLlwnRsLHiUGsTs1OnoRPgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQL2lSjbLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj50pcKpG+YMPfnnQW8O1QRuV/BwfunCdGAkfJwaxOjU7eRI+CdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvKRJNco6W/0gXfsZfKQaZdaoPHamwKkaZX3QiF5t0EYlP8eHLlwnRsLHiUGsTs1OnoRPgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQL2lSjbLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj50pcKpGWXeTdVe5Ddqo5Of40IXrxEj4ODGI1anZyZPwSbDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4iVNqlHW2eoH6drP4CPVKLNG5bEzBU7VKCuunlNugzYq+Tk+dOE6MRI+TgxidWp28iR8Eqwz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeEmTapR1tvpBuvYz+Eg1yqxReexMATW02kSSL33QyOc+90fRmI1PF277fu9fizW7rpbnu7Q9jbbnpKvWwznxFutp1uw5rYP6wJHDoRrlnTWBhcMKnOKO8q1bP/vUH/KJQpsZDcdHv2xGw4mR8HFiEKvqoDhkd2I4PglWJ0+qHuJN5aE4ZJcmxDpTN+JNsM6sh3ipXofV8XHyEGsqj8NCPgnWmfUQL9Vbd5R1tvpBuvYz+Eg1yqxReexMgVM0yj/4wfc/9Yd8Kpk2KteHLtxUHopDdtVDrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUo2yzlY/SNd+Bh+pRpk1Ko+dKXCKRnn9h3wqmTYq14cu3FQeikN21UOsTs1OnoRPgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQL2lSjbLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj50pcIpGWR80svxDPpVMG5XrQxduKg/FIbvqIVanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKlGWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpXHzhRIN8rrT+Rr5dJGJT/Hhy5cJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUo2yzlY/SNd+Bh+pRpk1Ko+dKZBulNefyNfKpY1Kfo4PXbhOjISPE4NYnZqdPAmfBOvMeog3oUmqHmJN5UnUnGCdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+shXtKkGmWdrX6Qrv0MPlKNMmtUHjtTIN0o69P49Md860EblfwdH7pwnRgJHycGsTo1O3kSPgnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7ykSTXKOlv9IF37GXykGmXWqDx2poAaZW0iqddffuMbhzffvBmLt+bShbs+ttefizW3rtbnuLQ9jbbnpKvWxDnxFutp1uw5rYN6H+V6H+WdtYCF4yiQvqP85JNfumhk17m1mdFwfPTLZjScGAkfJwaxqg6KQ3YnhuOTYHXypOoh3lQeikN2aUKsM3Uj3gTrzHqIl+p1WB0fJw+xpvI4LOSTYJ1ZD/FSvXVHWWerH6RrP4OP1B1l1qg8dqZAulE+Fo82Ksni+NCF68RI+DgxiNWp2cmT8EmwzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EG9Ck1Q9xJrKk6g5wTqzHuIlTapR1tnqB+naz+Aj1SizRuWxMwWONbZLTNpk5CufO3fuHB5//LHl1PvfuzHuTzjyDV24qTwUh+zCJ1b5UByyOzEcnwSrkydVD/Gm8lAcsksTYp2pG/EmWGfWQ7xUr8Pq+Dh5iDWVx2EhnwTrzHqIl+qtRllnqx+kaz+Dj1SjzBqVx84USDbKWx9d3cqljUp+jg9duE6MhI8Tg1idmp08CZ8E68x6iDehSaoeYk3lSdScYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yFe0qQaZZ2tfpCu/Qw+Uo0ya1QeO1Mg2SjrHS/02hq0UWmO40MXrhMj4ePEIFanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKlGWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpXHzhRINsrPPffNg+4qbw3aqDTH8aEL14mR8HFiEKtTs5Mn4ZNgnVkP8SY0SdVDrKk8iZoTrDPrId6EJql6iDWVJ1FzgnVmPcRLmlSjrLPVD9K1n8FHqlFmjcpjZwokG+Vj73ihkmmjcn3owk3loThkVz3E6tTs5En4JFhn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8ZIm1SjrbPWDdO1n8JFqlFmj8tiZAslGeRSLNirJ4vjQhevESPg4MYjVqdnJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU2qUdbZ6gfp2s/gI9Uos0blsTMF1NxqE7nu629v3To89tifXDsOcejCJZ+92Iv1+uvq2LksbU+j7TnpqrVxTrzFepo1e07roD5wpD5wZGctYOE4CozuArf52oho/OSddw5f+9pXj7o5MRwf/bIZDSdGwseJQayqg+KQ3Ynh+CRYnTypeog3lYfikF2aEOtM3Yg3wTqzHuKleh1Wx8fJQ6ypPA4L+SRYZ9ZDvFRv3VHW2eoH6drP4CN1R5k1Ko+dKZBqlL/36quHH/zg+0ero41KEx0funCdGAkfJwaxOjU7eRI+CdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvKRJNco6W/0gXfsZfKQaZdaoPHamQKpR/qtvfevoW8OpZNqoXB+6cFN5KA7ZVQ+xOjU7eRI+CdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvKRJNco6W/0gXfsZfKQaZdaoPMIKfPTRbw7PPvv1gxpevfT93bt37SypRvkrzzwzbIZpoxKw40MXrhMj4ePEIFanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKlGWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpVHUIEPP/z1RXP87rs/vYh67969i0b5iSe+cND3zkg1yp/73B9dfIT1sZy0UWme40MXrhMj4ePEIFanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKlGWWerH6RrP4OPVKPMGpVHUIGnn37qojFehlw3z0vb1vepRpni0EYlNseHLlwnRsLHiUGsTs1OnoRPgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQL2lSjbLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj5ACerxCzWm7m3zVsNTgKi5tMrLrreFGg2I4eeRDF24qD8Uhu8Pq1OzkSfiQrg6r45NgdbRN5aE4ZHdYZ+pGvLUOdDb6QbqRXRET2jp5Ej4JVtVMLGR3YjjaUp5qlKViP5x10M8aH6lGeaxPWYMKtDvHt2///PD8899+oM8oaxPSM8qjQRuV5jo+dOE6MRI+TgxidWp28iR8Eqwz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeEmTapR1tvpBuvYz+Eg1yqxReYQU0J1k3Q2+cePRw1tv/fB+VDXNW88oy/fYSxfDdV5PPPFfLu4oXydGzb3eOSj9Sr9aA7UGag3UGkivgfvNReibapRDQlYYVkDNsRpfNcbL0R7JWDbPS/v6e8WgQf8a1/sn632UR4NiaK7jo01gNJwYCR8nBrE6NTt5Ej4J1pn1EG9Ck1Q9xJrKk6g5wTqzHuJNaJKqh1hTeRI1J1hn1kO8pEndUdbZ6gfp2s/gI9Uos0blEVJAj1yoyd1qiHWXed1AH0ubaJT1iXz6ZL7RoI1Kcx0funCdGAkfJwaxOjU7eRI+CdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvKRJNco6W/0gXfsZfKQaZdaoPEIK6P2TR43yK69818qUaJSffPJL1ShvqO1sMrSBk11pEz4JVoclwao8xJvKQ3HI7rDO1I14SVeH1fEhDieGfIg3lYfikN1hdWp28iR8SFeH1fFJsDraUp5qlKViP5x10M8aH6lGeaxPWcMK6FlkvUXccrRHL9x3w0g0yopBGxHZVYPjQxeuEyPh48QgVqdmJ0/CJ8E6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvAlNUvUQaypPouYE68x6iJc0qUZZZ6sfpGs/g49Uo8walUdQgfYHfcumWI9crJvnUcrrNsoff/y7izvbtBGRXYyOD124ToyEjxODWJ2anTwJnwTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8SY0SdVDrKk8iZoTrDPrIV7SpBplna1+kK79DD5SjTJrVB5hBfSsshpjNbx6qVF2P5VPKNdtlLUB6Rll2ojILhbHhy5cJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUo2yzlY/SNd+Bh+pRpk1Ko+dKXDdRvmDD35ZjfKRc+psMrSBk12pEz4JVoclwao8xJvKQ3HI7rDO1I14SVeH1fEhDieGfIg3lYfikN1hdWp28iR8SFeH1fFJsDraUp5qlKViP5x10M8aH6lGeaxPWXeogBplbSJXfelt4fS66vzLztOFe9k5D8q/WK++ruiclban0facdNUaOSfeYj3Nmj2ndfD+e+8dvvPyy2f1OyzdtlSjnFa04p1cgeveUdZ7KN+8+cbFhT+C1WZGw/HRL5vRcGIkfJwYxKo6KA7ZnRiOT4LVyZOqh3hTeSgO2aUJsc7UjXgTrDPrIV6q12F1fJw8xJrK47CQT4J1Zj3ES/XWHWWdrX6Qrv0MPlKNMmtUHjtT4LqNcns+mTYisksWx4cuXCdGwseJQaxOzU6ehE+CdWY9xJvQJFUPsabyJGpOsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RAvaVKNss5WP0jXfgYfqUaZNSqPnSlw3UZZ76GsTYg2IrJLFseHLlwnRsLHiUGsTs1OnoRPgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQL2lSjbLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj50pcN1Guc2njYjsksXxoQvXiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEuaVKOss9UP0rWfwUeqUWaNymNnCrRGd4Q12mTa/JGPYpPd9aELN5WH4pBd9RCrU7OTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3ES5pUo6yz1Q/StZ/BR6pRZo3KY2cKtEZ3hHVsk9FxPXqhccynxSW7E0M+dOGm8lAcsjusTs1OnoQP6eqwOj4JVkfbVB6KQ3aHdaZuxFvrQGejH6Qb2RUxoa2TJ+GTYFXNxEJ2J4ajLeWpRlkq9sNZB/2s8ZFqlMf6lHWHCly3UdYf82nQRkR2J4Z86MJN5aE4ZHdYnZqdPAkf0tVhdXwSrI62qTwUh+wO60zdiLfWgc5GP0g3sitiQlsnT8InwaqaiYXsTgxHW8pTjbJU7IezDvpZ4yPVKI/1KesOFbhOo/z22z8+vPTSixdV0UZEdgVxfOjCdWIkfJwYxOrU7ORJ+CRYZ9ZDvAlNUvUQaypPouYE68x6iDehSaoeYk3lSdScYJ1ZD/GSJtUo62z1g3TtZ/CRapRZo/LYmQJqlLWJXOU1+8NGxKgL9yqsD2JOsV5tXTnnqrQ9jbbnpGvtB6dZA+em6znx1geOHA7VKO+sCSwcVuA6d5R1N1l3lTW0WY0G2Z0Y8tEv8tFI5aE4ZHdY5UNxyO7EcHxIVyeG45Oqh3hTeSgO2aUJsc7UjXgTrDPrIV6q12F1fJw8xJrK47CQT4J1Zj3ES/XWHWWdrX6Qrv0MPlKNMmtUHjtT4DqNcvuwEZVEGxHZnRjyoQs3lYfikN1hdWp28iR8SFeH1fFJsDrapvJQHLI7rDN1I95aBzob/SDdyK6ICW2dPAmfBKtqJhayOzEcbSlPNcpSsR/OOuhnjY9UozzWp6w7VKAa5e2TQhsr2RXV2WQoDtmVJ+GTYHVYEqyOtqk8FIfsDutM3Yi31oHORj9IN7IrYkJbJ0/CJ8GqmomF7E4MR1vKU42yVOyHsw76WeMj1SiP9SnrDhW4TqOsudpgNGgjIrsTQz504abyUByyO6xOzU6ehA/p6rA6PglWR9tUHopDdod1pm7EW+tAZ6MfpBvZFTGhrZMn4ZNgVc3EQnYnhqMt5alGWSr2w1kH/azxkWqUx/qUdYcKXLdRbiXRRkR2xXF86MJ1YiR8nBjE6tTs5En4JFhn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8ZIm1SjrbPWDdO1n8JFqlFmj8tiZAldtlO/cuXN4/PHH7ldDGxHZFcjxoQvXiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEuaVKOss9UP0rWfwUeqUWaNymNnCly1UdbG0z5sZY8JSAAAIABJREFURCXRRkR2J4Z86MJN5aE4ZHdYnZqdPAkf0tVhdXwSrI62qTwUh+wO60zdiLfWgc5GP0g3sitiQlsnT8InwaqaiYXsTgxHW8pTjbJU7IezDvpZ4yPVKI/1KesOFbhqo/zBB7+sRhnOp7PJ0AZOdiEkfBKsDkuCVXmIN5WH4pDdYZ2pG/GSrg6r40McTgz5EG8qD8Uhu8Pq1OzkSfiQrg6r45NgdbSlPNUoS8V+OOugnzU+Uo3yWJ+y7lABNcraRC770oeNvPjCC5eed9k8a39duOtje/25WC+/rtxzWdqeRttz0lVr5Zx4i/U0a/ac1kF94Eh94MgO28BCIgWuekf55s03Dnq1oc1qNMiuuY6PftmMhhMj4ePEIFanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKk7yjpb/SBd+xl8pO4os0blsTMFrtooLz+VTyXRRkR2J4Z86MJN5aE4ZHdYnZqdPAkf0tVhdXwSrI62qTwUh+wO60zdiLfWgc5GP0g3sitiQlsnT8InwaqaiYXsTgxHW8pTjbJU7IezDvpZ4yPVKI/1KesOFbhqo7z8VD6VRRsR2Z0Y8qELN5WH4pDdYXVqdvIkfEhXh9XxSbA62qbyUByyO6wzdSPeWgc6G/0g3ciuiAltnTwJnwSraiYWsjsxHG0pTzXKUrEfzjroZ42PVKM81qesO1SgGuXtk0IbK9kV1dlkKA7ZlSfhk2B1WBKsjrapPBSH7A7rTN2It9aBzkY/SDeyK2JCWydPwifBqpqJhexODEdbylONslTsh7MO+lnjI9Uoj/Up6w4VuGqjrHkff/y7+xXRRkR2BXJ86MJ1YiR8nBjE6tTs5En4JFhn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8ZIm1SjrbPWDdO1n8JFqlFmj8tiZAtdplJel0EZEdsVyfOjCdWIkfJwYxOrU7ORJ+CRYZ9ZDvAlNUvUQaypPouYE68x6iDehSaoeYk3lSdScYJ1ZD/GSJtUo62z1g3TtZ/CRapRZo/LYmQJXaZS1qazn0UZEdsni+NCF68RI+DgxiNWp2cmT8EmwzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EG9Ck1Q9xJrKk6g5wTqzHuIlTapR1tnqB+naz+Aj1SizRuWxMwXU8GoTuczrJ++8c/jKM89cas5l4o98deGO7HuyFevl1tVlzl1pexptz0lXrZdz4i3W06zZc1oH9T7K9T7KO2sBC8dRYH1neGuONqLl0M/Lj6+Wbe2z9Hfsro9+2YwGcbh5KA7ZlYdYHRYnT8InwTqzHuJNaJKqh1hTeRI1J1hn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIlzSpO8o6W/0gXfsZfKTuKLNG5bEzBa7SKK8/vlol0UZEdieGfOjCTeWhOGR3WJ2anTwJH9LVYXV8EqyOtqk8FIfsDutM3Yi31oHORj9IN7IrYkJbJ0/CJ8GqmomF7E4MR1vKU42yVOyHsw76WeMj1SiP9SnrDhW4SqO8/lQ+lUUbEdmdGPKhCzeVh+KQ3WF1anbyJHxIV4fV8UmwOtqm8lAcsjusM3Uj3loHOhv9IN3IrogJbZ08CZ8Eq2omFrI7MRxtKU81ylKxH8466GeNj1SjPNanrCdQ4MaNRy/+sE4N7/L10Ue/sbJVo7wtE22sZFdUZ5OhOGRXnoRPgtVhSbA62qbyUByyO6wzdSPeWgc6G/0g3ciuiAltnTwJnwSraiYWsjsxHG0pTzXKUrEfzjroZ42PVKM81qesYQXUDKvRfffdn1458lUa5fXHVys5bURkd2LIhy7cVB6KQ3aH1anZyZPwIV0dVscnwepom8pDccjusM7UjXhrHehs9IN0I7siJrR18iR8EqyqmVjI7sRwtKU81ShLxX4466CfNT5SjfJYn7KGFVCDrEb37t27V458lUZ5/fHVSk4bEdmdGPKhCzeVh+KQ3WF1anbyJHxIV4fV8UmwOtqm8lAcsjusM3Uj3loHOhv9IN3IrogJbZ08CZ8Eq2omFrI7MRxtKU81ylKxH8466GeNj1SjPNanrGEFXnnlu4cnnvjCtaJWo7wtH22sZFdUZ5OhOGRXnoRPgtVhSbA62qbyUByyO6wzdSPeWgc6G/0g3ciuiAltnTwJnwSraiYWsjsxHG0pTzXKUrEfzjroZ42PVKM81qesYQWefvqpQ3up4dXr2We/fqk7zFdplB9//LHDnTt3PlUNbURkVzDHhy5cJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUo2yzlY/SNd+Bh+pRpk1Ko+gAvpDPjXK9+7dux/19ddfu7jLvDwmY2ukt77qYrjMSzEu41++l9O39Cq9ag3UGqg1UGtgD2vgfnMR+qYa5ZCQFebqCuh5ZTWyeizDGfKlsf7X+Nactc86Jtnl7/ho4xgNJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUneUdbb6Qbr2M/hINcqsUXlMUKDdaXZSbTW963nLTUYbytacpc96vn4mu+tDF24qD8Uhu+ohVqdmJ0/CJ8E6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvAlNUvUQaypPouYE68x6iJc0qUZZZ6sfpGs/g49Uo8walccEBdQo61llZ2w1vet5y01G368/vlr+S5/1fMfu+tCFSxxuHopDduUhVofFyZPwSbDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4iVNqlHW2eoH6drP4CPVKLNG5RFS4MMPf31xZ/ett374qYjt0Yv18U85LX6oRnkhxuJb2ljJrlDOJkNxyK48CZ8Eq8OSYHW0TeWhOGR3WGfqRry1DnQ2+kG6kV0RE9o6eRI+CVbVTCxkd2I42lKeapSlYj+cddDPGh85WaPcPliCmh/dSXz++W+PKQ2r/hBMDZT+MExDefWz+2lvRopyCSigu8Z6e7jlH+7p2WT9gZ87Ltsof/DBL+uOsvELQPo7mwxt4GRXnoRPgtVhSbA62qbyUByyO6wzdSPeWgc6G/0g3ciuiAltnTwJnwSraiYWsjsxHG0pTzXKUrEfzjroZ42PPPBGeYznW9eNsj+zPGcroH/MqNltLzXKy8aZeC7bKN+8+cZBr/WgjYjsiuf40IXrxEj4ODGI1anZyZPwSbDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4iVNqlHW2eoH6drP4CPVKLNG5bEzBapR3j4htLGSXVGdTYbikF15Ej4JVoclwepom8pDccjusM7UjXhrHehs9IN0I7siJrR18iR8EqyqmVjI7sRwtKU81ShLxX4466CfNT5y8ka5/W/15d3DJdLy0Yvbt39+cZdRj03of9G3OVsfSKGPQtZc+ehre9Ti2KMX7UMu5Leet+TRoxrL3HosRD9rzmjoOVv5NmY9XiDGNpZ3vKVJ8xOX6l4O/bxk0PfLR0iaTss7s61u5VTuFr/VK7am0TqfcmuOuM5hqDYay02m7ij/Xq2lJsf0czYZikN25U74JFgdlgSr8hBvKg/FIbvDOlM34iVdHVbHhzicGPIh3lQeikN2h9Wp2cmT8CFdHVbHJ8HqaEt5qlGWiv1w1kE/a3zk5I2ymprWMKrZU0Omxq8NNaDtGeXWAOrYes7yGdbW8OmrhppU2ZWrNYzNpzWYza7c7X/zt4a1NY6Ko9xLPn2vuKNGWfFUl3IohkbL3+pojfKSUccUX7EbU/uDtzWDfFrsppNy6lh7KZfib+nSNFac9v0F6OFw0ahrXtOhHd/rV7FqE3FfX3nmmcObb960/d24rp8uXNf3QfsVq7+uLnuuStvTaHtOumrNnBNvsZ5mzZ7TOnj/vfcO33n55bP6HZbuXU7eKK+bstZAqiHUWDZurQFc39lsDW1rJtfNtuK0udQot2ZTc/T9snFVnmXTKh/l1DG9jo3G15ry5qfaxaqhOMrVfm4+rbltTarsax/56ljTstW61kk+y39QaF7zbXPbXeilDoqzlbMx7u2rdKShjagNvTXc8ud2fOtYs+kr2V0f/bIZjVQeikN2MRKrU7OTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3ES5rUHWWdrX6Qrv0MPnLyRrndUW0orTltdz23GuVma3Nac6dmU82oGqW1j3wVa9Qor5vd1ry2OWoWl3dyW/5217f9vP6qeVuN5vIfBS1Xa1hbjNbI6mvTZt0Ay1fzGn+bs9SgzV0eazmWGjf9Ws3yWerW5uz5azXK22eHNlayK6qzyVAcsitPwifB6rAkWB1tU3koDtkd1pm6EW+tA52NfpBuZFfEhLZOnoRPglU1EwvZnRiOtpSnGmWp2A9nHfSzxkdO3iirqVuO1jC2Rm3ZxG01gJorXzVHp26UlyxL5mWTujzevtc88R17qa5W96hRbk3ssThNgy2d2lxqlMWsxr819u2OdrvD32ra81fpQGO5yTz++GOHO3fudFOWPp3R2DA1h2LIhy5cJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUo2yzlY/SNd+Bh+Z3iiv73wum9OtBlAlzGqU1TyuH11QfueO8ta8pfxOo9y0af+IWM5ffr+l02juUmPFafPVJKtxb03zMseev79so3zMnzYisksjx4cuXCdGwseJQaxOzU6ehE+CdWY9xJvQJFUPsabyJGpOsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RAvaVKNss5WP0jXfgYfOXmjvG762uMIugOqsWziWgO3viu6bJQ1Z6uhbX8E1/Kt86iRVa7laM1rm6NHHuSj48uhY+u5S/uxeYrb4rVcozvKirlVm46LvzXjx3Tamtt0WeeVb/sHwFrvZW17/P5Y47tkXW4yx/yXPsu57Xuyy8/xoQvXiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEuaVKOss9UP0rWfwUdO3iirSWnPKavBU+O4fAZXP7cm7lgDuG6U2+MCrcHT3VQ1kcrVmt6rNMqKIx41kG3oe8XV8WNjOU/fa6wZ3Ua5zWuaKJb0EkN7POKYTm3uli7LeIrZ9FHcxnwBfgb/ETON5SZzzH/psxWP7Jrj+NCF68RI+DgxiNWp2cmT8EmwzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EG9Ck1Q9xJrKk6g5wTqzHuIlTapR1tnqB+naz+AjJ2+U1ZC1JlYNS2viGtpVGmXNVVOou6KK2eIq1nUaZcXVne7WHCuuGkz93O7mNu71VzWb8m08YlnW6jbKiqtGeMmg3DrWxrFGWXbSpcUQjxiprua/p6/SmEbbZPT1ySe/tOnefDaNZhNMMRSbLlwnRsLHiUGsqofikN2J4fgkWJ08qXqIN5WH4pBdmhDrTN2IN8E6sx7ipXodVsfHyUOsqTwOC/kkWGfWQ7xUbzXKOlv9IF37GXzkZI0ypz4fj/aYwvkQf0KqBr79Q+KTo5+8Nd6ymV/a9/y96tEm4rx+8s47B72PsuN7Kh9duKeKnY5brN66uorupe1ptD0nXbVuzom3WE+zZs9pHdT7KB8O1SgvOkLdxVVT3J6flkmNpBqz9tjDwn133+oOsWrQ3eI2Wk3LY7LpcQ7Veo7jsneU9T7KW0Ob1WiQXXMdH/2yGQ0nRsLHiUGsTs1OnoRPgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQL2lSd5R1tvpBuvYz+Eg1yguN1Ey254HVjOmlRnP52MPCfXffrh8bEb8eB1k+g9wa//U/CHZXzADoMo3yrVs/Ozz33Dc3o9FGRHYFdXzownViJHycGMTq1OzkSfgkWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeog3oUmqHmJN5UnUnGCdWQ/xkibVKOts9YN07WfwkWqUWaPy2JkCl2mUb95846DX1qCNiOyK6fjQhevESPg4MYjVqdnJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU2qUdbZ6gfp2s/gI9Uos0blsTMFqlHePiG0sZJdUZ1NhuKQXXkSPglWhyXB6mibykNxyO6wztSNeGsd6Gz0g3QjuyImtHXyJHwSrKqZWMjuxHC0pTzVKEvFfjjroJ81PlKN8lifsu5QgWqUt08KbaxkV1Rnk6E4ZFeehE+C1WFJsDrapvJQHLI7rDN1I95aBzob/SDdyK6ICW2dPAmfBKtqJhayOzEcbSlPNcpSsR/OOuhnjY9UozzWp6w7VOAyjbKeT9ZzyluDNiKyK6bjQxeuEyPh48QgVqdmJ0/CJ8E6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvAlNUvUQaypPouYE68x6iJc0qUZZZ6sfpGs/g49Uo8walcfOFLhMo6x3vDi24Rw73solu/wcH7pwnRgJHycGsTo1O3kSPgnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7ykSTXKOlv9IF37GXykGuWVRnqLtfWn2K1cHsiP7QNC1m/zJhgdU/Oo1+gt39oHv1zmQ0bau2Qs3zljLUD7AJRZb6FXjfL6DPz+Z9pYya4oziZDcciuPAmfBKvDkmB1tE3loThkd1hn6ka8tQ50NvpBupFdERPaOnkSPglW1UwsZHdiONpSnmqUpWI/nHXQzxofqUZ5pc9eG2V94p7eqm5rtEZZ7GoitxpWvXWc7HpdplFuDfrog0nEdZmYWzVc5phq1CbivPRhI/rQEcf3VD66cE8VOx23WL11dRXdS9vTaHtOumrdnBNvsZ5mzZ7TOqgPHKkPHOn6s702ynp/52PNamuUdSdc/Ft+OqYYl22UJZDiHrtTfeyT/zphgwcuc0dZvvqX99bQZjUaZNdcx0e/bEbDiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEua1B1lna1+kK79DD5y6TvKarTUcKl5UhOil+4orv/XvP53vI4vfZafeNf+d/3rr79230ffr0drAmVbfhiI7mAuPwikNYnL+cu5y+PLnKpHd2vb0M+KtRxLf9Wz1YgqhpiW9S75Woy1n2pyhrjWGrd5rU5x67V1d1eNru40K87a3tga+7o+zZNtWU/LLV/FnDnEQqNtMiPf5nMsFtk1z/GhC9eJkfBxYhCrU7OTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3ES5pUo6yz1Q/StZ/BR67UKKv5aI8BqEnT92rE9L1Ga6yaj47p+2Wz1xplzVMD2F5r5NYEKqcaOo2WU/FaTrdRFoditaavNYntZ8VcNsqNu9n1VT7LBlfNr2Iuj7U87TGIlkdNavsHQ5vX6lrX3n5WjGN3dJseyi/uFnPZVCtfmy/2ZaPs1KccmrPUpbEpLvE339RX1UqjbTIj3+ZzLBbZNc/xoQvXiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEuaVKOss9UP0rWfwUeu1Ci3pquFVyOmhqTdiZR97SNfHWvNlhpOzVk2ly3e8mtrlNfxWkPYGljFVRO4HG1ua+RaA7/OqXlqGDX0fWNsOVpdLbZ+FntreMW2bD6b3/J4a5QVczmWPsvjy+81t9WwPN6+b3U2btWwZF7Ol62xuvUpj+JpbvuHiY61c9h0aDyn/jpqflvutsmMfJtPm7P+Snb5Oz504ToxEj5ODGJ1anbyJHwSrDPrId6EJql6iDWVJ1FzgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4SZNqlHW2+kG69jP4yJUa5XWjqTRqotRs6k7msQZ42cy2JmvZ0G3hrpvA5tPmX6ZRbg3uulltMVsdreFUnapleXdWPst/GCy/X8bR98v5rVFeN5VqWlvjup7fflYz3e5Mt2PLr2uNxN8af/lpfsu7bJSXfMt4x2rS3OX5WudZxjjl96Pmt+XVJqPXk09+qR3qvtJGRHYFdHzownViJHycGMTq1OzkSfgkWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeog3oUmqHmJN5UnUnGCdWQ/xkibVKOts9YN07WfwkSs1ylt3N1vD15osNTPHXmrsWqO7bLy2cNdNYPNp8y/TKLdmtc1psZZf1Qy2Rllfj9Wg44rXOLbqaPmkyfL7Zb6m2/LY8ns16WIajbVG+odAm6MGe9mI63j72alvmVc1qOnWUE7FGmm5nJv8XtrT0Cajl95H+digjYjsiuv40IXrxEj4ODGI1anZyZPwSbDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4iVNqlHW2eoH6drP4COxRllN0/KOspqq0Rg1mMt56yaw2dr81qip6WvNYfNpcxvLVe8oK86x0f5hsNUotzu2mn/VRllxFWc0Wp2twZevtFDDrLlLNh1vjfKSbxS/2Vqtar4VszXNzT7razXK20rTxkp2RXU2GYpDduVJ+CRYHZYEq6NtKg/FIbvDOlM34q11oLPRD9KN7IqY0NbJk/BJsKpmYiG7E8PRlvJUoywV++Gsg37W+MiVGuXWaLXQrYFqDZkaqLWPfHWsHW+NbpvTYq2/bjWB8mnzR41yeya5Ncrt53XjKd7WZOtrazjbM7wtR2Nb5z5Wr47rpXHVRln/+Bg9KqLYWxppnupUftnbWDbKbn1trr4u49K5W85Lfl+N8raatLGSXVGdTYbikF15Ej4JVoclwepom8pDccjusM7UjXhrHehs9IN0I7siJrR18iR8EqyqmVjI7sRwtKU81ShLxX4466CfNT5ypUZZjUprNvVogJrfZUPWGrDWcAqh3b1Us6rRmk1qtraawOX81sQqjrhavMalY61R1jw1emoWj81bNsryb7U1f/2jQLUqThut3qZJy6Pcrd6rNMqqXTzLRrflXH7d0khMmrvk1Bwda/9Y0c9Ofctc0kExHK7lvOT30lWbCL2+9+qrhxdfeAH9KM517bpwrxtj1vxi5XV11XNR2p5G23PSVWvnnHiL9TRr9pzWQX3gyBU+cKQ1WmrA1LDopYZ43cypoVr6qCFrzaaaJn2vua2xPdZIbTWBy/nLmK1ZVlw1s+3nZaOsua1plZ/qWTLo52WDv/bXnGVD3LjVmKpG2fVS7Uu2llON9nJojl5bQzHXje6W35ZGOqZaFGM52vlbHmtsjX2rvqW/tF1rtLSf+ntx0tBGdPPmGxevY77yGQ2ya67jo182o+HESPg4MYjVqdnJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU3qjrLOVj9I134GH7nSHeUH2SRxSeXxsCtQjfL2GaaNleyK6mwyFIfsypPwSbA6LAlWR9tUHopDdod1pm7EW+tAZ6MfpBvZFTGhrZMn4ZNgVc3EQnYnhqMt5alGWSr2w1kH/azxkWqUx/qU9cQKtLvZ6/8jMUpbjfK2OrSxkl1RnU2G4pBdeRI+CVaHJcHqaJvKQ3HI7rDO1I14ax3obPSDdCO7Iia0dfIkfBKsqplYyO7EcLSlPNUoS8V+OOugnzU+Uo3yWJ+ynlCB9seVanxP0SjrreE++OCXRyugjYjsCuz40IXrxEj4ODGI1anZyZPwSbDOrId4E5qk6iHWVJ5EzQnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4iVNqlHW2eoH6drP4COXbpQ5ZHmUAqyAGmM966xnpk/ZKI82m5FNFZDd9aELN5WH4pBd9RCrU7OTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3ES5pUo6yz1Q/StZ/BR6pRZo3K4wQK6I8U9UeMp3z0QneUR5vNyKaSye760IWbykNxyK56iNWp2cmT8EmwzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EG9Ck1Q9xJrKk6g5wTqzHuIlTapR1tnqB+naz+Aj1SizRuURVqC9dZ3ewq8a5VxDThsr2XWanU2G4pBdeRI+CVaHJcHqaJvKQ3HI7rDO1I14ax3obPSDdCO7Iia0dfIkfBKsqplYyO7EcLSlPNUoS8V+OOugnzU+Uo3yWJ+yhhVoH8nd3pJv1CjrkYxjL10M9PqDP/j3h//+la+gH8UpO2tdGpVGtQZqDdQaqDWwhzUQblsO1SinFa14QwX0uMXyvaFHjfKxQGqeaehf4+RH/2InuxgcH20co+HESPg4MYjVqdnJk/BJsM6sh3gTmqTqIdZUnkTNCdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iJU3qjrLOVj9I134GH6lGmTUqj5ACuousP+BbvsNFNcpes02bpk4R+ZBdMZxNhuKQ3WF1fBKsTp5UPcSbykNxyF7rQAr0w9HN8al1cBptSVdldc4P+ZDdzUO8lKca5X4d6Qjpuj1rfLQa5bE+ZQ0q0N7h4tjjFGqanUF3ihVDmwz50UZE9paHmOnCTeWhOGRXHcTq1OzkSfgkWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeog3oUmqHmJN5UnUnGCdWQ/xkibVKOts9YN07WfwkWqUWaPyOKECp7qj/Ivbtw+PPvrIkJw2IrIruONDF64TI+HjxCBWp2YnT8InwTqzHuJNaJKqh1hTeRI1J1hn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIlzSpRllnqx+kaz+Dj1SjzBqVxwkVOFWj/JN33jno7eFGgzYisiu240MXrhMj4ePEIFanZidPwifBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7wJTVL1EGsqT6LmBOvMeoiXNKlGWWerH6RrP4OPVKPm0XqLAAAgAElEQVTMGpXHCRWoRtlrtmnT1CkiH7IrhrPJUByyO6yOT4LVyZOqh3hTeSgO2WsdSIF+OLo5PrUOTqMt6aqszvkhH7K7eYiX8lSj3K8jHSFdt2eNj1ajPNanrDtUgJ49FnLdUe5PHG28muFsMhSH7MqT8EmwOiwJVkfbVB6KQ3aHdaZuxFvrQGejH6Qb2RUxoa2TJ+GTYFXNxEJ2J4ajLeWpRlkq9sNZB/2s8ZFqlMf6lHWHClSjvH1SaGMlu6I6mwzFIbvyJHwSrA5LgtXRNpWH4pDdYZ2pG/HWOtDZ6AfpRnZFTGjr5En4JFhVM7GQ3YnhaEt5qlGWiv1w1kE/a3ykGuWxPmXdoQJqlLWJjF7fe/XVw4svvDD0Gc1P2nThJuOdMlaxjtfVdbQvbU+j7TnpqvVzTrzFepo1e07r4P333jt85+WXz+p3WLptqUY5rWjFO7kCzh1lNco3b74xZNFmNRpk11zHR79sRsOJkfBxYhCrU7OTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3ES5rUHWWdrX6Qrv0MPlKNMmtUHjtToBrl7RNCGyvZFdXZZCgO2ZUn4ZNgdVgSrI62qTwUh+wO60zdiLfWgc5GP0g3sitiQlsnT8InwaqaiYXsTgxHW8pTjbJU7IezDvpZ4yPVKI/1KesOFahGefuk0MZKdkV1NhmKQ3blSfgkWB2WBKujbSoPxSG7wzpTN+KtdaCz0Q/SjeyKmNDWyZPwSbCqZmIhuxPD0ZbyVKMsFfvhrIN+1vhINcpjfcq6QwWcRvmvvvWtw9tv/3hITxsR2RXc8aEL14mR8HFiEKtTs5Mn4ZNgnVkP8SY0SdVDrKk8iZoTrDPrId6EJql6iDWVJ1FzgnVmPcRLmlSjrLPVD9K1n8FHqlFmjcpjZwo4jfJXnnkGm1jaiMguWRwfunCdGAkfJwaxOjU7eRI+CdaZ9RBvQpNUPcSaypOoOcE6sx7iTWiSqodYU3kSNSdYZ9ZDvKRJNco6W/0gXfsZfKQaZdaoPHamQDXK2yeENlayK6qzyVAcsitPwifB6rAkWB1tU3koDtkd1pm6EW+tA52NfpBuZFfEhLZOnoRPglU1EwvZnRiOtpSnGmWp2A9nHfSzxkeqUR7rU9YdKlCN8vZJoY2V7IrqbDIUh+zKk/BJsDosCVZH21QeikN2h3WmbsRb60Bnox+kG9kVMaGtkyfhk2BVzcRCdieGoy3lqUZZKvbDWQf9rPGRapTH+pR1hwpUo7x9UmhjJbuiOpsMxSG78iR8EqwOS4LV0TaVh+KQ3WGdqRvx1jrQ2egH6UZ2RUxo6+RJ+CRYVTOxkN2J4WhLeapRlor9cNZBP2t8pBrlsT5l3aECapS1iYxe8vm7X/1q6DOan7Tpwk3GO2WsYh2vq+toX9qeRttz0lXr55x4i/U0a/ac1kF94MjhUI3yDhvBQhor4NxRdny0WY0G2TXX8dEvm9FwYiR8nBjE6tTs5En4JFhn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8ZImdUdZZ6sfpGs/g49Uo8walcfOFHCaYMeHNiKySxbHhy5cJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUo2yzlY/SNd+Bh+pRpk1Ko+dKeA0wY4PbURklyyOD124ToyEjxODWJ2anTwJnwTrzHqIN6FJqh5iTeVJ1JxgnVkP8SY0SdVDrKk8iZoTrDPrIV7SpBplna1+kK79DD5SjTJrVB47U4CaYG0g5KOSaCMiuxNDPnThpvJQHLI7rE7NTp6ED+nqsDo+CVZH21QeikN2h3WmbsRb60Bnox+kG9kVMaGtkyfhk2BVzcRCdieGoy3lqUZZKvbDWQf9rPGRapTH+pR1hwpQE6wNRh84QoM2IrIrvuNDF64TI+HjxCBWp2YnT8InwTqzHuJNaJKqh1hTeRI1J1hn1kO8CU1S9RBrKk+i5gTrzHqIlzSpRllnqx+kaz+Dj1SjzBqVx84UqEZ5+4TQxkp2RXU2GYpDduVJ+CRYHZYEq6NtKg/FIbvDOlM34q11oLPRD9KN7IqY0NbJk/BJsKpmYiG7E8PRlvJUoywV++Gsg37W+Eg1ymN9yrpDBapR3j4ptLGSXVGdTYbikF15Ej4JVoclwepom8pDccjusM7UjXhrHehs9IN0I7siJrR18iR8EqyqmVjI7sRwtKU81ShLxX4466CfNT5SjfJYn7LuUAE1ytpEjr1+8s47F49eHLPPPq4Ld3bOq+Yr1uPr6qqatnml7Wm0PSddtRbOibdYT7Nmz2kd1Pso1/so77ANLCRSgO4o37r1s8NffuMbFOZs7hyoEG2sNMiH7IqvX4w0KA7ZFT/hk2B1WBKsykO8qTwUh+wO60zdiJd0dVgdH+JwYsiHeFN5KA7ZHVanZidPwod0dVgdnwSroy3lqTvKUrEfzjroZ42P1B3lsT5l3aEC1CjfvPnG4XuvvorktBGRXQkcH7pwnRgJHycGsTo1O3kSPgnWmfUQb0KTVD3EmsqTqDnBOrMe4k1okqqHWFN5EjUnWGfWQ7ykSTXKOlv9IF37GXykGmXWqDx2pkA1ytsnhDZWsiuqs8lQHLIrT8InweqwJFgdbVN5KA7ZHdaZuhFvrQOdjX6QbmRXxIS2Tp6ET4JVNRML2Z0YjraUpxplqdgPZx30s8ZHqlEe61PWHSpQjfL2SaGNleyK6mwyFIfsypPwSbA6LAlWR9tUHopDdod1pm7EW+tAZ6MfpBvZFTGhrZMn4ZNgVc3EQnYnhqMt5alGWSr2w1kH/azxkWqUx/qUdYcKVKO8fVJoYyW7ojqbDMUhu/IkfBKsDkuC1dE2lYfikN1hnakb8dY60NnoB+lGdkVMaOvkSfgkWFUzsZDdieFoS3mqUZaK/XDWQT9rfKQa5bE+Zd2hAtQoP/fcNw9vvnkTyWkjIrsSOD504ToxEj5ODGJ1anbyJHwSrDPrId6EJql6iDWVJ1FzgnVmPcSb0CRVD7Gm8iRqTrDOrId4SZNqlHW2+kG69jP4SDXKrFF57EwBapS/9rWvHvQWcTRoIyK74js+dOE6MRI+TgxidWp28iR8Eqwz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeEmTapR1tvpBuvYz+Eg1yqxReexMgWqUt08IbaxkV1Rnk6E4ZFeehE+C1WFJsDrapvJQHLI7rDN1I95aBzob/SDdyK6ICW2dPAmfBKtqJhayOzEcbSlPNcpSsR/OOuhnjY9UozzWp6w7VECNsjaRY6+vPPPMxR3lY/bZx3Xhzs551XzFenxdXVXTNq+0PY2256Sr1sI58RbradbsOa2D+sCR+sCRHbaBhUQK1B3lbYW0+Y4G2TVXvxhpUByyK37CJ8HqsCRYlYd4U3koDtkd1pm6ES/p6rA6PsThxJAP8abyUByyO6xOzU6ehA/p6rA6PglWR1vKU3eUpWI/nHXQzxofqTvKY33KukMFqFF+9NFHDr+4fRvJaSMiuxI4PnThOjESPk4MYnVqdvIkfBKsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xJvQJFUPsabyJGpOsM6sh3hJk2qUdbb6Qbr2M/hINcqsUXnsTAFqlNujGYRNGxHZFd/xoQvXiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEuaVKOss9UP0rWfwUeqUWaNyiOswFtv/fCgZra99PNlRjXK22rRxkp2RXU2GYpDduVJ+CRYHZYEq6NtKg/FIbvDOlM34q11oLPRD9KN7IqY0NbJk/BJsKpmYiG7E8PRlvJUoywV++Gsg37W+Eg1ymN9yhpW4JVXvnu4cePRw+3bP7+I/NFHv7n4WcfdUY3ytlK0sZJdUZ1NhuKQXXkSPglWhyXB6mibykNxyO6wztSNeGsd6Gz0g3QjuyImtHXyJHwSrKqZWMjuxHC0pTzVKEvFfjjroJ81PlKN8lifsgYVuHfv3kVTvL6DrCZZza/szqhGeVsl2ljJrqjOJkNxyK48CZ8Eq8OSYHW0TeWhOGR3WGfqRry1DnQ2+kG6kV0RE9o6eRI+CVbVTCxkd2I42lKeapSlYj+cddDPGh+pRnmsT1knKJBslO/cuXN4/PHHcLNTWbQRkd2JIR+6cFN5KA7ZHVanZidPwod0dVgdnwSro20qD8Uhu8M6UzfirXWgs9EP0o3sipjQ1smT8EmwqmZiIbsTw9GW8lSjLBX74ayDftb4SDXKY33KemIF3n33pxd3k1OPXmhz0Sfz0SajssiH7E4M+dCFm8pDccjusDo1O3kSPqSrw+r4JFgdbVN5KA7ZHdaZuhFvrQOdjX6QbmRXxIS2Tp6ET4JVNRML2Z0YjraUpxplqdgPZx30s8ZHqlEe61PWEymgZ5T1CIVeTz/91EHPKq9Hs2991cWw9XrqqT873Ljx+U3bln8d29axdCldag3UGqg1UGvgHNfAupe47s/VKF9XwZp/bQWef/7bFw3zhx/+2oqlxvnY0L/C647ytjp0h0KztCnSoDhkV/yET4LVYUmwKg/xpvJQHLI7rDN1I17S1WF1fIjDiSEf4k3loThkd1idmp08CR/S1WF1fBKsjraUp+4oS8V+OOugnzU+Uo3yWJ+yTlDg7t27l3r8ohrl7ZNCGyvZFdXZZCgO2ZUn4ZNgdVgSrI62qTwUh+wO60zdiLfWgc5GP0g3sitiQlsnT8InwaqaiYXsTgxHW8pTjbJU7IezDvpZ4yPVKI/1KesEBfRuF2p+dWfZGaNG+e23f3x46aUXcbNTHtqIyO7EkA9duKk8FIfsDqtTs5Mn4UO6OqyOT4LV0TaVh+KQ3WGdqRvx1jrQ2egH6UZ2RUxo6+RJ+CRYVTOxkN2J4WhLeapRlor9cNZBP2t8pBrlsT5lDSqgRyvU5K7fHq7dUX799desbKNG+ebNNw560SajRORDdieGfOjCTeWhOGR3WJ2anTwJH9LVYXV8EqyOtqk8FIfsDutM3Yi31oHORj9IN7IrYkJbJ0/CJ8GqmomF7E4MR1vKU42yVOyHsw76WeMj1SiP9SlrWIFnn/36xR/vLd8zWceeeOILkfdRrkb5+AmjjVcznU2G4pBdeRI+CVaHJcHqaJvKQ3HI7rDO1I14ax3obPSDdCO7Iia0dfIkfBKsqplYyO7EcLSlPNUoS8V+OOugnzU+Uo3yWJ+ynkAB3TnWXeH20lvDLRtnSll3lLcVoo2V7IrqbDIUh+zKk/BJsDosCVZH21QeikN2h3WmbsRb60Bnox+kG9kVMaGtkyfhk2BVzcRCdieGoy3lqUZZKvbDWQf9rPGRapTH+pR1hwpUo7x9UmhjJbuiOpsMxSG78iR8EqwOS4LV0TaVh+KQ3WGdqRvx1jrQ2egH6UZ2RUxo6+RJ+CRYVTOxkN2J4WhLeapRlor9cNZBP2t8pBrlsT5l3aECapS1iWy9/vIb3zi8+ebNTduW/4xjunBn5EnkKNbtdVXank6X62p7TmtWtZ4Tb7Gebt2fi7bvv/fe4Tsvv3xWv8PSbUs1ymlFK97JFRjdUW7voaxfSDTIh+yK7/hoQxwNJ0bCx4lBrE7NTp6ET4J1Zj3Em9AkVQ+xpvIkak6wzqyHeBOapOoh1lSeRM0J1pn1EC9pUneUdbb6Qbr2M/hINcqsUXnsTIFqlLdPCG2sZFdUZ5OhOGRXnoRPgtVhSbA62qbyUByyO6wzdSPeWgc6G/0g3ciuiAltnTwJnwSraiYWsjsxHG0pTzXKUrEfzjroZ42PVKM81qesO1SgGuXtk0IbK9kV1dlkKA7ZlSfhk2B1WBKsjrapPBSH7A7rTN2It9aBzkY/SDeyK2JCWydPwifBqpqJhexODEdbylONslTsh7MO+lnjI9Uoj/Up6w4VqEZ5+6TQxkp2RXU2GYpDduVJ+CRYHZYEq6NtKg/FIbvDOlM34q11oLPRD9KN7IqY0NbJk/BJsKpmYiG7E8PRlvJUoywV++Gsg37W+Eg1ymN9yrpDBUaN8qOPPnL4+OPf4WansmgjIrsTQz504abyUByyO6xOzU6ehA/p6rA6PglWR9tUHopDdod1pm7EW+tAZ6MfpBvZFTGhrZMn4ZNgVc3EQnYnhqMt5alGWSr2w1kH/azxkWqUx/qUdYcKjBrlZqNNRmWRD9mdGPKhCzeVh+KQ3WF1anbyJHxIV4fV8UmwOtqm8lAcsjusM3Uj3loHOhv9IN3IrogJbZ08CZ8Eq2omFrI7MRxtKU81ylKxH8466GeNj1SjPNanrDtUoDXDW2jNRpuM5pIP2Z0Y8qELN5WH4pDdYXVqdvIkfEhXh9XxSbA62qbyUByyO6wzdSPeWgc6G/0g3ciuiAltnTwJnwSraiYWsjsxHG0pTzXKUrEfzjroZ42PVKM81qesO1SgNcNbaM1Gm4zmkg/ZnRjyoQs3lYfikN1hdWp28iR8SFeH1fFJsDrapvJQHLI7rDN1I95aBzob/SDdyK6ICW2dPAmfBKtqJhayOzEcbSlPNcpSsR/OOuhnjY9UozzWp6w7VEDNsDaRrdfItuU/45gu3Bl5EjmKdXtdlban0+W62p7TmlWt58RbrKdb9+eibX3gyOFQjfIOG8FCGivQ7hqvve7cuXN4/PHHLg7rFxIN8iG74js+2hBHw4mR8HFiEKtTs5Mn4ZNgnVkP8SY0SdVDrKk8iZoTrDPrId6EJql6iDWVJ1FzgnVmPcRLmtQdZZ2tfpCu/Qw+Uo0ya1QeO1PgWKOsjUWfzKdBm4zjk4ihPHThpvJQHLI7rDN1I17S1WF1fIjDiSEf4k3loThkd1idmp08CR/S1WF1fBKsjrapPBSH7A7rTN2I97O2DqpR1urrh7MO+lnjI9Uoj/Up6w4VqEZ5+6TQLxKyK6qzyVAcsitPwifB6rAkWB1tU3koDtkd1pm6EW+tA52NfpBuZFfEhLZOnoRPglU1EwvZnRiOtpSnGmWp2A9nHfSzxkeqUR7rU9YdKlCN8vZJoY2V7IrqbDIUh+zKk/BJsDosCVZH21QeikN2h3WmbsRb60Bnox+kG9kVMaGtkyfhk2BVzcRCdieGoy3lqUZZKvbDWQf9rPGRapTH+pR1hwpUo7x9UmhjJbuiOpsMxSG78iR8EqwOS4LV0TaVh+KQ3WGdqRvx1jrQ2egH6UZ2RUxo6+RJ+CRYVTOxkN2J4WhLeapRlor9cNZBP2t8pBrlsT5l3aECxxrlW7d+dnjuuW9eENMmIyfyIbsTQz504abyUByyO6xOzU6ehA/p6rA6PglWR9tUHopDdod1pm7EW+tAZ6MfpBvZFTGhrZMn4ZNgVc3EQnYnhqMt5alGWSr2w1kH/azxkWqUx/qUdYcKHGuUb95846CXBm0yjk8ihvLQhZvKQ3HI7rDO1I14SVeH1fEhDieGfIg3lYfikN1hdWp28iR8SFeH1fFJsDrapvJQHLI7rDN1I97P2jqoRlmrrx/OOuhnjY9UozzWp6w7VKAa5e2TQr9IyK6oziZDcciuPAmfBKvDkmB1tE3loThkd1hn6ka8tQ50NvpBupFdERPaOnkSPglW1UwsZHdiONpSnmqUpWI/nHXQzxofqUZ5rE9Zd6iAGmVtIuvX91599aDX+viD/lkX7oNmcPMXa7+uXO3Ir7Q9jbbnpKvWyDnxFutp1uw5rYP6wJH6wJEdtoGFRArUHeVthbT5jgbZNVe/GGlQHLIrfsInweqwJFiVh3hTeSgO2R3WmboRL+nqsDo+xOHEkA/xpvJQHLI7rE7NTp6ED+nqsDo+CVZHW8pTd5SlYj+cddDPGh+pO8pjfcq6QwWONcovvfTi4e23f3xBTJuMnMiH7E4M+dCFm8pDccjusDo1O3kSPqSrw+r4JFgdbVN5KA7ZHdaZuhFvrQOdjX6QbmRXxIS2Tp6ET4JVNRML2Z0YjraUpxplqdgPZx30s8ZHqlEe61PWHSpwrFHWp/K1zaV9HeGTD9kV2/GhC9eJkfBxYhCrU7OTJ+GTYJ1ZD/EmNEnVQ6ypPImaE6wz6yHehCapeog1lSdRc4J1Zj3ES5pUo6yz1Q/StZ/BR6pRZo3KY2cKVKO8fUJoYyW7ojqbDMUhu/IkfBKsDkuC1dE2lYfikN1hnakb8dY60NnoB+lGdkVMaOvkSfgkWFUzsZDdieFoS3mqUZaK/XDWQT9rfKQa5bE+Zd2hAtUob58U2ljJrqjOJkNxyK48CZ8Eq8OSYHW0TeWhOGR3WGfqRry1DnQ2+kG6kV0RE9o6eRI+CVbVTCxkd2I42lKeapSlYj+cddDPGh+pRnmsT1l3qEA1ytsnhTZWsiuqs8lQHLIrT8InweqwJFgdbVN5KA7ZHdaZuhFvrQOdjX6QbmRXxIS2Tp6ET4JVNRML2Z0YjraUpxplqdgPZx30s8ZHqlEe61PWHSpwrFF+8skvHe7cuXNBTJuMnMiH7E4M+dCFm8pDccjusDo1O3kSPqSrw+r4JFgdbVN5KA7ZHdaZuhFvrQOdjX6QbmRXxIS2Tp6ET4JVNRML2Z0YjraUpxplqdgPZx30s8ZHqlEe61PWHSqgRlmbyPp17Pjab/bPunBn57xqvmLt19VVtVzPK21Po+056ao1cU68xXqaNXtO66DeR7neR3mHbWAhkQLH7igvj2sjokE+ZFd8x0e/bEbDiZHwcWIQq1Ozkyfhk2CdWQ/xJjRJ1UOsqTyJmhOsM+sh3oQmqXqINZUnUXOCdWY9xEua1B1lna1+kK79DD5Sd5RZo/LYmQLLhniJtjxOm4zmkQ/ZnRjyoQs3lYfikN1hdWp28iR8SFeH1fFJsDrapvJQHLI7rDN1I95aBzob/SDdyK6ICW2dPAmfBKtqJhayOzEcbSlPNcpS8f+0dwY7lh1VFv2QFuMGd/0AXWNj4QkttZCaL4BhIwEegPAIz1wzPIEJLTyDEdXqHmOJOf6Dgh+oP3itne6DoyLujb1f5r6R92XukFLv5T0nztmx4ty4J5/TleNQ6mCcNb+SRnnOJ9YTEmgb4lZee50dMpjHfJhdiQEfduO68rA4zK5oVdas5HH4MK6KVsXHoVVh68rD4jC7onUlN6Y3dYDdGAfjxuyI6GCr5HH4OLRizUwLsysxFLYsTxplUByHUgfjrPmVNMpzPrGaCbx9+/by0Uc/u6Cpra8f/eiHlzdv3siZ2oa4JuHQaK+zQwbzmA+zKzHgw25cVx4Wh9kVrcqalTwOH8ZV0ar4OLQqbF15WBxmV7Su5Mb0pg6wG+Ng3JgdER1slTwOH4dWrJlpYXYlhsKW5UmjDIrjUOpgnDW/kkZ5zidWM4EPP/zuBV9ffvnXu8hokPH9y5ffvqCJVkbbEJc/DhX8Zb4a7JCBH/NhdiUGfNiN68rD4jC7olVZs5LH4cO4KloVH4dWha0rD4vD7IrWldyY3tQBdmMcjBuzI6KDrZLH4ePQijUzLcyuxFDYsjxplEFxHEodjLPmV9Ioz/nEaiTw+vWf7j71/fzz378T9Ysv/nx3/bPPfv3O9b1v0ihvk2EHK7MjqnLIsDjMjjwOH4dWRYtDq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8Yl1AAJ8uo/n95JNfSdnSKG9jYgcrsyOqcsiwOMyOPA4fh1ZFi0OrwtaVh8VhdkXrSm5Mb+oAuzEOxo3ZEdHBVsnj8HFoxZqZFmZXYihsWZ40yqA4DqUOxlnzK2mU53xiXUAAnzCj+e0/ad5LnUZ5mww7WJkdUZVDhsVhduRx+Di0KlocWhW2rjwsDrMrWldyY3pTB9iNcTBuzI6IDrZKHoePQyvWzLQwuxJDYcvypFEGxXEodTDOml9JozznE+sCAvU7yn0qNMR7X7gZ2q/vfOf9y4sX//LOtdae9+/yCo/wSA2kBlIDqYGnWAN9L/HQ79MoP5Rg5j+IAP7Fixcv3vvH/9ynBNv6RPnVq08v+KrBfhqHH/NhdiUGfHAQzYYrD4vD7IpW+LA4zK7EUHwYVyWG4uNaD9PrysPiMDuYMK0ruTG9Dq0r18P0svUqWhUfJQ/T6sqjaGE+Dq0r18P0svXmE2Xs1jgY13EGv5JGmTOKx0EE8DvJaHrxP/ldM9Iob9NiByuzI6pyyLA4zI48Dh+HVkWLQ6vC1pWHxWF2RetKbkxv6gC7MQ7GjdkR0cFWyePwcWjFmpkWZldiKGxZnjTKoDgOpQ7GWfMraZTnfGI9iAA+Sb5Pkww5aZS3N4UdrMyOqMohw+IwO/I4fBxaFS0OrQpbVx4Wh9kVrSu5Mb2pA+zGOBg3ZkdEB1slj8PHoRVrZlqYXYmhsGV50iiD4jiUOhhnza+kUZ7zidVMAP/CBf7N5Gt/3aKVkUa5pfH1e3awMjsiKYcMi8PsyOPwcWhVtDi0KmxdeVgcZle0ruTG9KYOsBvjYNyYHREdbJU8Dh+HVqyZaWF2JYbCluVJowyK41DqYJw1v5JGec4nViMB/HERNMgPaZIhZ6tR/vjjX+Z3lP/yl+lusYMXk5VDhsVhduRx+Di0KlocWhW2rjwsDrMrWldyY3pTB9iNcTBuzI6IDrZKHoePQyvWzLQwuxJDYcvypFEGxXEodTDOml9JozznE6uRQP1OMhrdrS/8OoYythpl/FW+9mBp3+/FZD7MjriKD7txlRgOHyUG06qsWcnj8HFoXbkeptfBxLUeptWVx7Fmh9aV62F6HUxc62FaXXkca3ZoXbkeppcxSaOM3RoH4zrO4FfSKHNG8TgZgTTK2xvCDlZmR1TlkGFxmB15HD4OrYoWh1aFrSsPi8PsitaV3Jje1AF2YxyMG7MjooOtksfh49CKNTMtzK7EUNiyPPc3dT8AACAASURBVGmUQXEcSh2Ms+ZX0ijP+cR6QgJplLc3hR2szI6oyiHD4jA78jh8HFoVLQ6tCltXHhaH2RWtK7kxvakD7MY4GDdmR0QHWyWPw8ehFWtmWphdiaGwZXnSKIPiOJQ6GGfNr6RRnvOJ9YQE0CjjEGm//u1737v81+9+98611v6Y73HjPmb+a3JH67t1dQ075hu2x7C9Ja6okVvSG63H1Owt1cEf//CHy09/8pObeoa525Y0ym6iiXc4gXyivI0Yh+9sMDvm4sHIBovD7Ijv8HFoVbQ4tCIP0+vKw+Iwu6J1JTeml3FVtCo+TIcSAz5MrysPi8PsilZlzUoehw/jqmhVfBxaFbYsTz5RBsVxKHUwzppfSaM85xPrCQlsNcq4hoOjBjtk4Md8mF2JAR9247rysDjMrmhV1qzkcfgwropWxcehVWHrysPiMLuidSU3pjd1gN0YB+PG7IjoYKvkcfg4tGLNTAuzKzEUtixPGmVQHIdSB+Os+ZU0ynM+sZ6QwF6j3Eplhwx8mQ+zKzHgw25cVx4Wh9kVrcqalTwOH8ZV0ar4OLQqbF15WBxmV7Su5Mb0pg6wG+Ng3JgdER1slTwOH4dWrJlpYXYlhsKW5UmjDIrjUOpgnDW/kkZ5zifWExJIo7y9KexgZXZEVQ4ZFofZkcfh49CqaHFoVdi68rA4zK5oXcmN6U0dYDfGwbgxOyI62Cp5HD4OrVgz08LsSgyFLcuTRhkUx6HUwThrfiWN8pxPrCckkEZ5e1PYwcrsiKocMiwOsyOPw8ehVdHi0KqwdeVhcZhd0bqSG9ObOsBujINxY3ZEdLBV8jh8HFqxZqaF2ZUYCluWJ40yKI5DqYNx1vxKGuU5n1hPSCCN8vamsIOV2RFVOWRYHGZHHoePQ6uixaFVYevKw+Iwu6J1JTemN3WA3RgH48bsiOhgq+Rx+Di0Ys1MC7MrMRS2LE8aZVAch1IH46z5lTTKcz6xnpBA3yjjQPngg/ffUcoOGTgzH2ZXYsCH3biuPCwOsytalTUreRw+jKuiVfFxaFXYuvKwOMyuaF3JjelNHWA3xsG4MTsiOtgqeRw+Dq1YM9PC7EoMhS3Lk0YZFMeh1ME4a34ljfKcT6wnJIBGGYdIfeHfT8a/o1zfn+0VN+7ZNO3pidav62qP0X2vh+0xbG+JK2rnlvRG6zE1e0t1kH9H+XJJo3zCRjCS5gS2PlH+/vf//Z1JOIjYYD7MjviKDx42s6HEcPgoMZhWZc1KHoePQ+vK9TC9Diau9TCtrjyONTu0rlwP0+tg4loP0+rK41izQ+vK9TC9jEk+UcZujYNxHWfwK2mUOaN4nIxAGuXtDWEHK7MjqnLIsDjMjjwOH4dWRYtDq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8Yj0hgTTK25vCDlZmR1TlkGFxmB15HD4OrYoWh1aFrSsPi8PsitaV3Jje1AF2YxyMG7MjooOtksfh49CKNTMtzK7EUNiyPGmUQXEcSh2Ms+ZX0ijP+cR6QgJ9o/zq1acXfLWDHTLwZT7MrsSAD7txXXlYHGZXtCprVvI4fBhXRavi49CqsHXlYXGYXdG6khvTmzrAboyDcWN2RHSwVfI4fBxasWamhdmVGApblieNMiiOQ6mDcdb8ShrlOZ9YT0ggjfL2prCDldkRVTlkWBxmRx6Hj0OrosWhVWHrysPiMLuidSU3pjd1gN0YB+PG7IjoYKvkcfg4tGLNTAuzKzEUtixPGmVQHIdSB+Os+ZU0ynM+sZ6QQBrl7U1hByuzI6pyyLA4zI48Dh+HVkWLQ6vC1pWHxWF2RetKbkxv6gC7MQ7GjdkR0cFWyePwcWjFmpkWZldiKGxZnjTKoDgOpQ7GWfMraZTnfGI9IYE0ytubwg5WZkdU5ZBhcZgdeRw+Dq2KFodWha0rD4vD7IrWldyY3tQBdmMcjBuzI6KDrZLH4ePQijUzLcyuxFDYsjxplEFxHEodjLPmV9Ioz/nEekICfaP88ce/zO8omw545ZBhBzizo6QcPg6tihaHVuRhel15WBxmV7Su5Mb0Mq6KVsWH6VBiwIfpdeVhcZhd0aqsWcnj8GFcFa2Kj0OrwpblSaMMiuNQ6mCcNb+SRnnOJ9YTEkCjjEOkvvDHRvBHR+r7s73ixj2bpj090fp1Xe0xuu/1sD2G7S1xRe3ckt5oPaZmb6kO8gdH8gdHTtgGRhIj0H+ijD82goOnHf33ra3eMx9mRxzFBw+b2VBiOHyUGEyrsmYlj8PHoXXlepheBxPXephWVx7Hmh1aV66H6XUwca2HaXXlcazZoXXlephexiSfKGO3xsG4jjP4lXyizBnF42QE0ihvbwg7WJkdUZVDhsVhduRx+Di0KlocWhW2rjwsDrMrWldyY3pTB9iNcTBuzI6IDrZKHoePQyvWzLQwuxJDYcvypFEGxXEodTDOml9JozznE+sJCaRR3t4UdrAyO6IqhwyLw+zI4/BxaFW0OLQqbF15WBxmV7Su5Mb0pg6wG+Ng3JgdER1slTwOH4dWrJlpYXYlhsKW5UmjDIrjUOpgnDW/kkZ5zifWExLoG+UPPnh/ONzYIYNlMR9mV2LAh924rjwsDrMrWpU1K3kcPoyrolXxcWhV2LrysDjMrmhdyY3pTR1gN8bBuDE7IjrYKnkcPg6tWDPTwuxKDIUty5NGGRTHodTBOGt+JY3ynE+sJyTQN8r995DMDhnFxxEDediN68rD4jC7onUlN6aXcVW0Kj5MhxIDPkyvKw+Lw+yKVmXNSh6HD+OqaFV8HFoVtq48LA6zK1pXcmN6n1sdpFFG9Y1DqYNx1vxKGuU5n1hPSKBvjPvvIZkdqoqPIwbysBvXlYfFYXZF60puTC/jqmhVfJgOJQZ8mF5XHhaH2RWtypqVPA4fxlXRqvg4tCpsXXlYHGZXtK7kxvQ+tzpIo4zqG4dSB+Os+ZU0ynM+sZ6QQN8Y999DMjtUFR9HDORhN64rD4vD7IrWldyYXsZV0ar4MB1KDPgwva48LA6zK1qVNSt5HD6Mq6JV8XFoVdi68rA4zK5oXcmN6X1udZBGGdU3DqUOxlnzK2mU53xiPSGBvjHuv4dkdqgqPo4YyMNuXFceFofZFa0ruTG9jKuiVfFhOpQY8GF6XXlYHGZXtCprVvI4fBhXRavi49CqsHXlYXGYXdG6khvT+9zqII0yqm8cSh2Ms+ZX0ijP+cR6QgJojHFo4uu/X7++fOtb//yP7+v6mV5x455Jz0xLtOYPDKA+Ugepg9TBcTVwS2zzB0fyB0dO2AZGEiPQfoKMAwd/cKQfuM4G82F2xFd82E+4SgyHjxKDaVXWrORx+Di0rlwP0+tg4loP0+rK41izQ+vK9TC9Diau9TCtrjyONTu0rlwP08uY5BNl7NY4GNdxBr+ST5Q5o3icjEAa5e0NYQcrsyOqcsiwOMyOPA4fh1ZFi0OrwtaVh8VhdkXrSm5Mb+oAuzEOxo3ZEdHBVsnj8HFoxZqZFmZXYihsWZ40yqA4DqUOxlnzK2mU53xiPZDA27dvLy9ffvvy2We/vipLGuVtXOxgZXZEVQ4ZFofZkcfh49CqaHFoVdi68rA4zK5oXcmN6U0dYDfGwbgxOyI62Cp5HD4OrVgz08LsSgyFLcuTRhkUx6HUwThrfiWN8pxPrAcRQJP84YffvaDpTaP88F8TwTaxg5XZEUM5ZFgcZle0Kj4OrUoe13qYXlceFofZUwcgMA6Fm+KTOjiGLeOKrMr+MB9mV/MwvSxPGuWxjnCFcd2eNb+aRnnOJ9YDCHz++e/vPkl+/fpPD26Uf/vb31x+/OP/HFSyQwYTmA+zKzHgw25cVx4Wh9kVrcqalTwOH8ZV0ar4OLQqbF15WBxmV7Su5Mb0pg6wG+Ng3JgdER1slTwOH4dWrJlpYXYlhsKW5UmjDIrjUOpgnDW/kkZ5zidWM4Evv/zr5cWL9y54xddDP1F+9erTC776wQ4Z+DMfZldiwIfduK48LA6zK1qVNSt5HD6Mq6JV8XFoVdi68rA4zK5oXcmN6U0dYDfGwbgxOyI62Cp5HD4OrVgz08LsSgyFLcuTRhkUx6HUwThrfiWN8pxPrGYC+JWLN2/e3EVNo/wVXHYgwsvho8RQDhkWh9ld63FoVbS41sP0uvKwOMwOJkzrSm5Mr0PryvUwvWy9ilbFR8nDtLryKFqYj0PryvUwvWy9aZSxW+NgXMcZ/EoaZc4oHgcRYI0yPm3e+8LNgK+XL//17qu+z+tXXMIhHFIDqYHUQGrgOdaAu2VJo+wmmngyAdYo7wVC81wjv3pRJPinzuwTCkTCocoGi8PsiO/wcWhVtDi0Ig/T68rD4jC7onUlN6aXcVW0Kj5MhxIDPkyvKw+Lw+yKVmXNSh6HD+OqaFV8HFoVtixPPlEGxXEodTDOml9JozznE+uBBByNMv7YyP/+7/8MKtkhgwnMh9mVGPBhN64rD4vD7IpWZc1KHocP46poVXwcWhW2rjwsDrMrWldyY3pTB9iNcTBuzI6IDrZKHoePQyvWzLQwuxJDYcvypFEGxXEodTDOml9JozznE+uBBFyN8taBsnWtXwrzYXbEU3zYjavEcPgoMZhWZc1KHoePQ+vK9TC9Diau9TCtrjyONTu0rlwP0+tg4loP0+rK41izQ+vK9TC9jEkaZezWOBjXcQa/kkaZM4rHQQTSKH8Flh2I8HL4KDGUQ4bFYXbXehxaFS2u9TC9rjwsDrODCdO6khvT69C6cj1ML1uvolXxUfIwra48ihbm49C6cj1ML1tvGmXs1jgY13EGv5JGmTOKx0EE0ih/BZYdiPBy+CgxlEOGxWF213ocWhUtrvUwva48LA6zgwnTupIb0+vQunI9TC9br6JV8VHyMK2uPIoW5uPQunI9TC9bbxpl7NY4GNdxBr+SRpkzisdBBByN8gcfvL/ZRLJDBktiPsyuxIAPu3FdeVgcZle0KmtW8jh8GFdFq+Lj0KqwdeVhcZhd0bqSG9ObOsBujINxY3ZEdLBV8jh8HFqxZqaF2ZUYCluWJ40yKI5DqYNx1vxKGuU5n1hPSKD9Vy/a961UdsjAl/kwuxIDPuzGdeVhcZhd0aqsWcnj8GFcFa2Kj0OrwtaVh8VhdkXrSm5Mb+oAuzEOxo3ZEdHBVsnj8HFoxZqZFmZXYihsWZ40yqA4DqUOxlnzK2mU53xiPSGBtjlu37dS2SEDX+bD7EoM+LAb15WHxWF2RauyZiWPw4dxVbQqPg6tCltXHhaH2RWtK7kxvakD7MY4GDdmR0QHWyWPw8ehFWtmWphdiaGwZXnSKIPiOJQ6GGfNr6RRnvOJ9YQE0BzjEMFX+76une0VN+7ZNO3pidav6mqPz0Ouh+0xbG+JK+rnlvRG6zE1e0t18Mc//OHy05/85KaeYe62JY2ym2jiHU6g/RS5fd8mxkHEBvNhdsRXfPCwmQ0lhsNHicG0KmtW8jh8HFpXrofpdTBxrYdpdeVxrNmhdeV6mF4HE9d6mFZXHseaHVpXrofpZUzyiTJ2axyM6ziDX0mjzBnF42QEqjn++9//dnnvvW9uqmOHDCYxH2ZXYsCH3biuPCwOsytalTUreRw+jKuiVfFxaFXYuvKwOMyuaF3JjelNHWA3xsG4MTsiOtgqeRw+Dq1YM9PC7EoMhS3Lk0YZFMeh1ME4a34ljfKcT6wnJFCNMg4S/GW+rcEOGcxhPsyuxIAPu3FdeVgcZle0KmtW8jh8GFdFq+Lj0KqwdeVhcZhd0bqSG9ObOsBujINxY3ZEdLBV8jh8HFqxZqaF2ZUYCluWJ40yKI5DqYNx1vxKGuU5n1hPSCCN8vamsIOV2RFVOWRYHGZHHoePQ6uixaFVYevKw+Iwu6J1JTemN3WA3RgH48bsiOhgq+Rx+Di0Ys1MC7MrMRS2LE8aZVAch1IH46z5lTTKcz6xnpBAGuXtTWEHK7MjqnLIsDjMjjwOH4dWRYtDq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8Yj0hgTTK25vCDlZmR1TlkGFxmB15HD4OrYoWh1aFrSsPi8PsitaV3Jje1AF2YxyMG7MjooOtksfh49CKNTMtzK7EUNiyPGmUQXEcSh2Ms+ZX0ijP+cR6QgLVKL969enl449/uamQHTKYxHyYXYkBH3bjuvKwOMyuaFXWrORx+DCuilbFx6FVYevKw+Iwu6J1JTemN3WA3RgH48bsiOhgq+Rx+Di0Ys1MC7MrMRS2LE8aZVAch1IH46z5lTTKcz6xnpBA2yijWd4a7JDBHObD7EoM+LAb15WHxWF2RauyZiWPw4dxVbQqPg6tCltXHhaH2RWtK7kxvakD7MY4GDdmR0QHWyWPw8ehFWtmWphdiaGwZXnSKIPiOJQ6GGfNr6RRnvOJ9YQE0CjjEPnFz39+94X3Z/7CjXtmfa22aD2ulsL2GLa3xBX32i3pjdZjavaW6iB/cORySaN8wkYwkuYE8onyNh8cvrPB7JiLByMbLA6zI77Dx6FV0eLQijxMrysPi8PsitaV3JhexlXRqvgwHUoM+DC9rjwsDrMrWpU1K3kcPoyrolXxcWhV2LI8+UQZFMeh1ME4a34ljfKcT6wnJFCNMn4/Ob968fUGsYOV2RFJOWRYHGZHHoePQ6uixaFVYevKw+Iwu6J1JTemN3WA3RgH48bsiOhgq+Rx+Di0Ys1MC7MrMRS2LE8aZVAch1IH46z5lTTKcz6xnpBANcr4YyN7h8ne9XY5zIfZEUvxYTeuEsPho8RgWpU1K3kcPg6tK9fD9DqYuNbDtLryONbs0LpyPUyvg4lrPUyrK49jzQ6tK9fD9DImaZSxW+NgXMcZ/EoaZc4oHicjkEZ5e0PYwcrsiKocMiwOsyOPw8ehVdHi0KqwdeVhcZhd0bqSG9ObOsBujINxY3ZEdLBV8jh8HFqxZqaF2ZUYCluWJ40yKI5DqYNx1vxKGuU5n1hPSCCN8vamsIOV2RFVOWRYHGZHHoePQ6uixaFVYevKw+Iwu6J1JTemN3WA3RgH48bsiOhgq+Rx+Di0Ys1MC7MrMRS2LE8aZVAch1IH46z5lTTKcz6xnpBAGuXtTWEHK7MjqnLIsDjMjjwOH4dWRYtDq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8Yj0hgWqU33vvm5e///1vmwrZIYNJzIfZlRjwYTeuKw+Lw+yKVmXNSh6HD+OqaFV8HFoVtq48LA6zK1pXcmN6UwfYjXEwbsyOiA62Sh6Hj0Mr1sy0MLsSQ2HL8qRRBsVxKHUwzppfSaM85xPrCQmgUcYhUq94f+Yv3Lhn1tdqi9bjailsj2F7S1xxr92S3mg9pmZvqQ7y7yjn31E+YRsYSYxAfaJcr1v+OIjYYD7MjviKDx42s6HEcPgoMZhWZc1KHoePQ+vK9TC9Diau9TCtrjyONTu0rlwP0+tg4loP0+rK41izQ+vK9TC9jEk+UcZujYNxHWfwK/lEmTOKx8kIVINcr1vy2CGDOcyH2ZUY8GE3risPi8PsilZlzUoehw/jqmhVfBxaFbauPCwOsytaV3JjelMH2I1xMG7MjogOtkoeh49DK9bMtDC7EkNhy/KkUQbFcSh1MM6aX0mjPOcT6wkJoEHG7ybjd5T3BjtkMI/5MLsSAz7sxnXlYXGYXdGqrFnJ4/BhXBWtio9Dq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8Yj0hATTKOETwB0f2BjtkMI/5MLsSAz7sxnXlYXGYXdGqrFnJ4/BhXBWtio9Dq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8Yj0hgTTK25vCDlZmR1TlkGFxmB15HD4OrYoWh1aFrSsPi8PsitaV3Jje1AF2YxyMG7MjooOtksfh49CKNTMtzK7EUNiyPGmUQXEcSh2Ms+ZX0ijP+cR6QgJplLc3hR2szI6oyiHD4jA78jh8HFoVLQ6tCltXHhaH2RWtK7kxvakD7MY4GDdmR0QHWyWPw8ehFWtmWphdiaGwZXnSKIPiOJQ6GGfNr6RRnvOJ9YQE0ihvbwo7WJkdUZVDhsVhduRx+Di0KlocWhW2rjwsDrMrWldyY3pTB9iNcTBuzI6IDrZKHoePQyvWzLQwuxJDYcvypFEGxXEodTDOml9JozznE+sJCaBRfvXq08vHH/9yVx07ZDCR+TC7EgM+7MZ15WFxmF3RqqxZyePwYVwVrYqPQ6vC1pWHxWF2RetKbkxv6gC7MQ7GjdkR0cFWyePwcWjFmpkWZldiKGxZnjTKoDgOpQ7GWfMraZTnfGI9IQE0yr/4+c/vvnCYnP0LN+7ZNZa+aD2unsL2GLa3xBX32S3pjdZjavaW6iB/cCR/cOSEbWAkMQL1iTI+Vd4bOIjYYD7MjviKDx42s6HEcPgoMZhWZc1KHoePQ+vK9TC9Diau9TCtrjyONTu0rlwP0+tg4loP0+rK41izQ+vK9TC9jEk+UcZujYNxHWfwK/lEmTOKx8kIpFHe3hB2sDI7oiqHDIvD7Mjj8HFoVbQ4tCpsXXlYHGZXtK7kxvSmDrAb42DcmB0RHWyVPA4fh1asmWlhdiWGwpblSaMMiuNQ6mCcNb+SRnnOJ9YTEkCj/OMf/+flt7/9za46dshgIvNhdiUGfNiN68rD4jC7olVZs5LH4cO4KloVH4dWha0rD4vD7IrWldyY3tQBdmMcjBuzI6KDrZLH4ePQijUzLcyuxFDYsjxplEFxHEodjLPmV9Ioz/nEegCBjz762QXNbn396Ec/vLx580bOhHn4YyOzg2Rmq0TMh9kRR/FhN64Sw+GjxGBalTUreRw+Dq0r18P0Opi41sO0uvI41uzQunI9TK+DiWs9TKsrj2PNDq0r18P0MiZplLFb42Bcxxn8ShplzigeRgKffPKry4sX710+//z3d1HRIH/44XcvL19+W86SRnkbFTtYmR1RlUOGxWF25HH4OLQqWhxaFbauPCwOsytaV3JjelMH2I1xMG7MjogOtkoeh49DK9bMtDC7EkNhy/KkUQbFcSh1MM6aX0mjPOcTq5kAGmJ8otwONM1oftVPldMot/S+fs8OVmZHJOWQYXGYHXkcPg6tihaHVoWtKw+Lw+yK1pXcmN7UAXZjHIwbsyOig62Sx+Hj0Io1My3MrsRQ2LI8aZRBcRxKHYyz5lfSKM/5xGokgEYYTe5nn/36nah7199xar5BjA8+eH96oLFDBuGYD7MrMeDDblxXHhaH2RWtypqVPA4fxlXRqvg4tCpsXXlYHGZXtK7kxvSmDrAb42DcmB0RHWyVPA4fh1asmWlhdiWGwpblSaMMiuNQ6mCcNb+SRnnOJ1Yjgdev/3TXKOO1HW/fvr27jl/LUAYaZXzNBjtkMJf5MLsSAz7sxnXlYXGYXdGqrFnJ4/BhXBWtio9Dq8LWlYfFYXZF60puTG/qALsxDsaN2RHRwVbJ4/BxaMWamRZmV2IobFmeNMqgOA6lDsZZ8ytplOd8YjUSYI0y/qe+dlRDnNev/8fHsAiL1EBqIDWQGkgN7NdA20c43qdRdlBMDInAtY3yXlAcELc0bklvtB5XWWF7DNtb4goCt6Q3Wo+p2dTBbXFNo3zcfiVyR4A1ytf86kUX+tTf5mFzzPbcElcQuCW90XpMzaYOwrUI5B4rEt7XI7imUfbuUaJNCOz9T3t71/dCHXEj7OVyXL8lvdHq2PHtGGG7zeWhV2+JK9Z6S3qj9aHVuT8/bPfZPMRyBNc0yg/Zkcy9msDsn4f74os/S/GOuBGkxPd0uiW90XrPTRamha0A6R4ut8QVy7slvdF6j4IUp4StCOpKtyO4plG+chPi/jAC+PUKFHL/B0fwR0fUccSNoOa+j98t6Y3W++ywNidsNU7Xet0SV6ztlvRG67XVqPuHrc7qGs8juKZRvmYH4vtgAvin4Po/Yf2DH/yH/MdGIOCIG+HBC5sEuCW90TrZyAeawvaBAHem3xJXLOGW9EbrTtEZLoetAeJGiCO4plHeAJ1LIRACIRACIRACIRACIZBGOTUQAiEQAiEQAiEQAiEQAhsE0ihvQMmlEAiBEAiBEAiBEAiBEEijnBq4GQL97zbjL/nhn5Z77LH1e9db2j777NeXFy/eu/sdRfweFX43u/9z3qvXsvdvW4Mr9EFnfan/zrV7DfgfP/GvpZSO/i84It9ZaqPfY+jqR++zug5Qr+AJHf1QtKFm8D/f1n7sxepj3/d78Nnac9SFomNlbRQ/ttb6n5qxF+2o+cX2yNrAvzKEPF9++ddWwt176ALz0oE97s+qs9RBf1ahJnqtvQ/W5T7PlHpUdRxdB9hzdr6rz7Wj60DV0RYx5uBZ2++xyr+NhfdplHsi+f6UBFDwKPz+X8vAAf7YAwczvuqBg5sR30MbblgMHCb94VwHFfwfY0AbNEJX/2Dp1wQ7+G81fkdqxwMDGostXvE92NU4S21AK1i2/8whOLZaH7sOsOfQBJ3Q2w5FWz2AsKaq7Vp33ZttzIe+R7OGuusbZeTq76fS0a5rZW0gL7TiazaqQYX+Ygh/hf8s7jU23EfQCQ11b9V8aMI91t7r9cNG1fZZ6gCa+/OgaqO0wufo86xyto3ZVj0qOo6uAzxvsPftPYycda3qoNe69VxbUQeKjtJcr1hbfz48pA7SKBfZvJ6aQH9wQ2wdTo/VaEJDHWrQ0o56GNZDGw8arKEd0I2buZ/b+hz5HodJPSyxjhp7urbWUHOOeK1DuBhWjnoA1b6fE7RdVwAADmlJREFUpTagA4d6O3qtWwz3eLdxHO9RZ9BYNdtzVbTt3XNbe/AQzWjewLIe4H2jDBty9gM13V7f0rW3hj6W+j3qFHnRJFVjvzcXvtBU9x2+r6HwL9+HvEIn9FZt9o1y/XDR54BmaMTYY7jFu49zzfesDkpHe34hfqt17/7a4n2NttZXqUdVx5auvbmtBvU99hfPHcRsR1sPdUaAbzv651rx72O56kDV0WrEOur+wlpr7DHc4l1z6jWNcpHI62kJVIH3D/a962dYCA749idaHBz9wx46964fvYY6TOpwbB80dfj1D9C960dprXz9Idzm26uBvevtXPd77OVeo1ws9/Z777pLI/Lj4YFXfKE2+/tpT0N7HQ8VxOnH3vXeT/0eOUof3m/dO1ux4Ie1oQHdq4G961vxlGvIWfrwusWn4qBBRY1Us9I2yi3n8sfr3vXWR30PpsiPvHXvV21WDOTDfs7G3n7vXZ/FmtlYHdQZ0Z5fiNfWTPn069y7PtNzra2tx718/fW9/d67fq2mPf+qh55l619nRzWge/u9d72N9ZD3vY6K1Tby7fMX9p5zzdm7Xna8plFuaeT9KQnUT5X9DYzDvr8ZzrKAuvnwOtOJh1bfXB29BjQKeJBA2xbbrYc4NG35HqkVBzd04vBDg4G9xhcO4Rp7mmbMa677tfYcemtgb6EdY6bp6DpAbuw7Rj1kwLeGqm1P517NVPxrX1uGbdPD4qCZwBfGqtpotc4aZdQH1oJ96Hmp/Nn6mb1tFqsxaq9hPjTCVnbcc9h38KxxpjqAlrrHoK+/D3vWtYa9+ii747WtR0XHqjrYWhvOVex1nRNbPsUWrxir6qDX0usoO/RgHVscFf4Vp39No9wTyfenI7B3oNXNUJ/mnEk4bth6YJdO3Kj9gB8eTCsHctaDZYstO1DaButI3fWpBPjUQxosmX5oKuara6M+Qaqmvt3b0vTYdXCfRrnWAfb46kfVTN909X73+R65lX2sh2fV51ZtI3/tgxLzWr2IWazaufXDaWkrXtDSalpZG9UIt3sGnahdrKHOCOgr3/qh4Ex1UPVc9xxeizO096zvgDc/SLW+ZXO89vWo6KjaXFkHWGvVJ7snsO/1XMO8x6iDytvqwDU8L3ANDLc4KvwRZ2ukUd6ikmunIvAYD7yHAKiHZT2Atm7aio+DZuvBWnb3a3uYIPYW24ccKE694Ng/9BC/HkB4aG/ph08xZwe/Wy8O6vYTmZZ3aVr9EOzXWI1F2yCo2h7jwag0ylhT7/cYtVH3fs8c3NrGs7/HVP593Id8X81vnVOIVbXRNyGw4Vqt4Sx1UPve3lO4Bq1V3z3rYlb1UX513fFautrzR9HxGHWAnLWfeL83qraxtho1r76v11pr61u2h75u6WifCYi/xbE09WtU6iCN8kN3LfMPJ1CFjNd2bN0Mrf0x3tfN2Gqd6dw7aI7QjsYSjWd9KoQcW2xrDXsHSru2I3RWzNLRH7b4vhroLf2YP2Ne8Z2vxbZ/6NYndLg+07SyDlp+xUDVtqez9qqvmYr/kNe+Ae5jgXHbxJX9MWqjHuKlAa/Ye+hr2fS8VP5t3Ie+hy7cR+39VTraBq/ytGs7Sx2gcd/6oKH+axS096xrPXv1Ufb7vu7Vo6Kj+MO3H3vMe79rvwdD1Gf7A34fo7T3Z/+epvJva76PeZ/vK26rAznaH4wQd4tjze01KXWQRvk+u5U5Swm0zUabeO9667PyPR4kePC0N3Hlx4289fDZu17znK+lDxq3vnDoYdRP5+0DdHbdqbGNVQ/ytrGHvRo96Nyrgb3rbXzn+9lh2zZ6e/u9d92psWIVP/Btx56G9nrbgLRz9663Pvd93/LrY4A79NUnna19rwb2rrdz7/u+bSYrBvRv3W91DQ9wjJZzzZ1db33u877ur/4+h94tnlgbNGLs7ffe9fvo6+ds1cFeo9aubeV5NqtHVceqOsB9oDTJ9dzYeq7t7ffe9X5Pr/l+T0ftdd1PW69ojlX+W5rSKG9RybXTEcDhgZuvHVX4fSPV+qx4jwcN9OEg7x86lR/a6yFT1458YFcO9rrV4JUu8G3HEYdfG79/Xw1dNRJlr32HTowz1EYx65tP6ENd1PUz1EFxLU3FVdHWs6+52IOt5qrsD3ndapAQD3rxUMQDdG+srg1ogV42tj7dUvizuNfYq8Hoz6xaQ//JW8vyLHUAZlu8sba6Xvfm0ecZq0dVx4o6qP3DDxr9PlcNoS6w5+DY10j5VJw6i+u68zxQdFTeesWacDa0zw6Vf8VoX9MotzTy/rQE6sFShx2Kfu/ThJWLgA4cJLPDBHqqIcUhWAONBebtHVTld+Rr6eo/LQBbHHZ1QMIOre3Bc6Suil0PwjqIwQraWo5nqQ1ograWJa6BY+1x8W71r64D7CkeIn2jrGjDOlAH0FxrqoarXXftn+MV+fpmGPxYk4zcq2ujmky27tJVDOGv8Gdxr7HXvtU9XnPrTGtrtBrP9j48Qx1saa3Gqq3vo88ztR4VHUfXQTW30NLWX+0/Xosr9rivj9bv6PNA1dFqwnvo6htlXFf497HwfRrlLSq5djoCKPw6jHAD4AsP6zq4H0twPfBKU//aPuDrYVM+uGmPai5UHnUo9zpwOIJvacVr++BU4zv8em7tAxDxz1QbvVbsf1+jvc/qOsDeYj97jmCpaMODFpqrNvAw3Yrl2HvE6BvleghW/q3Xerivro2HNMoqfxdX7BnYFas2Lmq2vf/xvvd77DoovdDVasUPpn099j5Yt+s8u6YeVR3KfVjrv/a1vXe37h3kvua5dmQdXKOj5VB7gvntUPm3c/A+jXJPJN+HQAiEQAiEQAiEQAiEQBrl1EAIhEAIhEAIhEAIhEAIbBPIJ8rbXHI1BEIgBEIgBEIgBELgmRNIo/zMCyDLD4EQCIEQCIEQCIEQ2CaQRnmbS66GQAiEQAiEQAiEQAg8cwJplJ95AWT5IRACIRACIRACIRAC2wTSKG9zydUQCIEQCIEQCIEQCIFnTiCN8jMvgCw/BEIgBEIgBEIgBEJgm0Aa5W0uuRoCIRACIRACIRACIfDMCaRRfuYFkOWHQAiEQAiEQAiEQAhsE0ijvM0lV0MgBEIgBA4ioP6p54PSnzLs7E9KrxRcfw4afzo8IwRCIH/COjUQAiEQAiGwmEAa5RH4GRrl16//dPnGN/7p8uGH3717ffPmzSg0V0LgmRHIJ8rPbMOz3BAIgRB4bAJplMcdOEOjjAb55ctvXz7//Pd3jfIXX/x5FJorIfDMCKRRfmYbnuWGQAiEwBYBNEn4QsOG/+yOTxbxiu9r7DVzNbf88PrJJ7+6i1Fx0HzV2GqUERtNGvzxBZ+3b9/WlLtXxECu8sGvCeBT0Br1iShi1a8QwBfvZ5+OqvPAA7raUXNLRzHq14Pvv/zyr+/oAqMaNQ/X9viXb8sW68PcGmCGax999LN/8AQzNio/1oEGuY/L5sceAk+VQBrlp7qzWVcIhEAIXEGgGlA0ldWgotlCw9Q3gWj42tE3ytWk1rxq7Or7vlGuJq0aPjS1fcz6lBOaalSe+uQT8aEXjWY15tCKBnzWLKrzrmmUka+a8+KI+cWg1lw663toLb615uKCdWPNbRzEw/fFpRrldt8qZ3HrXzGnZVQxKmbvn+9D4DkRSKP8nHY7aw2BEAiBHQJo7NBcVXMHN7zHtfrks5q5auQqVNvU1qeRfZOFZg5NHkbbKFeO/pNa5EDuahLbRq7y4rW9Xg1vnxvfI1b9ANDOx3t1HtbQ66y51YwWo2qAEb+Y1Foqf9vg1rzep2W11TgjVs0Fs2pywUUd/Q8ymNfulxonfiHwFAmkUX6Ku5o1hUAIhMCVBNDsojlqRzVd1zTK1bS1jWIbE++3mr8t/2rW+qa5jVdNMBrualr7ZrMaQdYos3nQozbK7Q8Te/rbeMWt/UEF66zmGM12u9aWQRu/9qzX2fq375EPOrD/7ahPrttreR8Cz5FAGuXnuOtZcwiEQAh0BFyNcjWl9Qlrl+bu27ZRrgYRn/hufUHXXgOMYJUPzeKeX/ncQqPca6w14RXcthjVNazz2kaZxez1bO1nroXAUyaQRvkp727WFgIhEAIiAVejXI3v1ifEJaVtlOsTUzSCe6P9xLT3qU9Z0dBVU8k+Ge5jqPPaT4ArRs0t/bV+aK6xp7+NV/P6xrT4IEa71ordv17TKNevhCBuP0oPfDJC4DkTSKP8nHc/aw+BEAiB/ydwTaPcN0/tf7rfa77wO7Pww2gb5fodZXwa2g40fPCv6+3vIrd+uF6/j1tN65GNcv2edWmohtLVKFecig9Wtb5qmnufWjder2mUa8/75hy5K+bsB57SmNcQeMoE0ig/5d3N2kIgBEJAJFBNU+teTVc1q/XJKJq3Gmgc8Z/+Mb9G/X5rNXTVTFYD2zbKmFOflJYdeREDDWI1cdUktp9+Vu5q3Ku5qzilB/qhsWLV9XpV55Xu+rQY89DMI3a/1vJBjuLW68LcYgkb4mDNNbeutc0qOMOn8sEX34MFRu1Zxa019q/Fs/a2t+/9ANP75fsQeOoE0ig/9R3O+kIgBEJAIKA0ygiDBguNGZo6fKGZw9y2UYZfNafwQUPYNonVcLayYG/jovHb+h/bkKdyw6caRsTC+9LUxi4tD22UMR/a2/zVzJaO+r6aXei4plHG/Gq+waNtkmtNtZ7S0f7woDbKiI2v2YCOasBnfrGFwFMmkEb5Ke9u1hYCIRACIRACIRACIXBvAmmU740uE0MgBEIgBEIgBEIgBJ4ygTTKT3l3s7YQCIEQCIEQCIEQCIF7E0ijfG90mRgCIRACIRACIRACIfCUCaRRfsq7m7WFQAiEQAiEQAiEQAjcm0Aa5Xujy8QQCIEQCIEQCIEQCIGnTCCN8lPe3awtBEIgBEIgBEIgBELg3gT+D9KLqcM1/VCvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Uranium-238 decays into a nuclide of thorium-234 (Th).</p>
<p><br>Write down the complete equation for this radioactive decay.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Thallium-206&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>Tl</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>81</mn><mn>206</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>&nbsp;decays into lead-206&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>Pb</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>82</mn><mn>206</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>.</p>
<p>Identify the quark changes for this decay.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The half-life of uranium-238 is about 4.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> years. The half-life of thallium-206 is about 4.2 minutes.</p>
<p>Compare and contrast the methods to measure these half-lives.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why high temperatures are required for fusion to occur.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, with reference to the graph, why energy is released both in fusion and in fission.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Uranium-235 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>U</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>92</mn><mn>235</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>&nbsp;is used as a nuclear fuel. The fission of uranium-235 can&nbsp;produce krypton-89 and barium-144.</p>
<p>Determine, in MeV and using the graph, the energy released by this fission.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Potassium-40&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>K</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>19</mn><mn>40</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>&nbsp;decays by two processes.</p>
<p>The first process is that of beta-minus (&beta;<sup>&minus;</sup>) decay to form a calcium (Ca) nuclide.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>Potassium-40 decays by a second process to argon-40. This decay accounts for 11&thinsp;%&nbsp;of the total decay of the potassium-40.</p>
<p>Rocks can be dated by measuring the quantity of argon-40 gas trapped in them. One&nbsp;rock sample contains 340&thinsp;&micro;mol of potassium-40 and 12&thinsp;&micro;mol of argon-40.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write down the equation for this decay.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the initial quantity of potassium-40 in the rock sample was about 450 µmol.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 × 10<sup>9</sup> years. Estimate the age of the rock sample.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how the decay constant of potassium-40 was determined in the laboratory for a pure sample of the nuclide.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>In an experiment a beam of electrons with energy 440&thinsp;MeV are incident on oxygen-16 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>O</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>8</mn><mn>16</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math>&nbsp;nuclei. The variation with scattering angle of the relative intensity of the scattered electrons&nbsp;is shown.<br><br></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify a property of electrons demonstrated by this experiment.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the energy <em>E</em> of each electron in the beam is about 7 × 10<sup>−11 </sup>J.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The de Broglie wavelength for an electron is given by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mi>E</mi></mfrac></math>. Show that the diameter of an oxygen-16 nucleus is about 4 fm.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Estimate, using the result in (a)(iii), the volume of a tin-118 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mmultiscripts><mtext>Sn</mtext><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>50</mn><mn>118</mn></mmultiscripts></mfenced></math> nucleus. State your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Rhodium-106 (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="_{\,\,\,45}^{106}{\text{Rh}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mi></mi>
    <mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mn>45</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>106</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>Rh</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>)&nbsp;decays into palladium-106 (<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="_{\,\,\,46}^{106}{\text{Pd}}">
  <msubsup>
    <mi></mi>
    <mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mn>46</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>106</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <mtext>Pd</mtext>
  </mrow>
</math></span>)&nbsp;by beta minus (<em>β</em><sup>–</sup>) decay.&nbsp;The diagram shows some of the nuclear energy levels of rhodium-106 and palladium-106.&nbsp;The arrow represents the <em>β</em><sup>–</sup> decay.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-14_om_06.42.36.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/09.d"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bohr modified the Rutherford model by introducing the condition&nbsp;<em>mvr </em>= <em>n</em><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{h}{{2\pi }}">
  <mfrac>
    <mi>h</mi>
    <mrow>
      <mn>2</mn>
      <mi>π</mi>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span>.&nbsp;Outline the reason for this modification.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the speed <em>v </em>of an electron in the hydrogen atom is related to the&nbsp;radius <em>r </em>of the orbit by the expression</p>
<p><span class="mjpage mjpage__block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" alttext="v = \sqrt {\frac{{k{e^2}}}{{{m_{\text{e}}}r}}} ">
  <mi>v</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <msqrt>
    <mfrac>
      <mrow>
        <mi>k</mi>
        <mrow>
          <msup>
            <mi>e</mi>
            <mn>2</mn>
          </msup>
        </mrow>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mrow>
          <msub>
            <mi>m</mi>
            <mrow>
              <mtext>e</mtext>
            </mrow>
          </msub>
        </mrow>
        <mi>r</mi>
      </mrow>
    </mfrac>
  </msqrt>
</math></span></p>
<p>where <em>k </em>is the Coulomb constant.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Using the answer in (b) and (c)(i), deduce that the radius <em>r </em>of the electron’s orbit&nbsp;in the ground state of hydrogen is given by the following expression.</p>
<p><span class="mjpage mjpage__block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" alttext="r = \frac{{{h^2}}}{{4{\pi ^2}k{m_{\text{e}}}{e^2}}}">
  <mi>r</mi>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mi>h</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>4</mn>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mi>π</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
      <mi>k</mi>
      <mrow>
        <msub>
          <mi>m</mi>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>e</mtext>
          </mrow>
        </msub>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mi>e</mi>
          <mn>2</mn>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the electron’s orbital radius in (c)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain what may be deduced about the energy of the electron in the <em>β</em><sup>–</sup> decay.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the <em>β</em><sup>–</sup> decay is followed by the emission of a gamma ray photon.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the wavelength of the gamma ray photon in (d)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The radioactive nuclide beryllium-10 (Be-10) undergoes beta minus (<em>β–</em>) decay to form a stable boron (B) nuclide.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The initial number of nuclei in a pure sample of beryllium-10 is N<sub>0</sub>. The graph shows how the number of remaining <strong>beryllium </strong>nuclei in the sample varies with time.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxUAAAEsCAYAAAC1955GAAAgAElEQVR4AeydC3hVxbn3/4mKl8boQavugDfkSyifVDRAW6ElIE30VAonFLStgI03KuDtkEQQRRBQCAcrREH5SOVy2qM95EPtOZJoUjiFHqVJweJRkg+tSkysipVLQWmT9T2zs2dnZbLWngmZnWTt/NfzxDWXd973P7/ZkT1Za2aSHMdxwIsESIAESIAESIAESIAESIAETpBA8gm2YzMSIAESIAESIAESIAESIAESCBPgpIIfBBIgARIgARIgARIgARIggQ4R4KSiQ/jYmARIgARIgARIgARIgARI4GQVQVJSklrEPAmQAAmQAAmQAAmQAAmQAAlECajLsttMKoSlahRtzQQJkAAJkAAJkAAJkAAJkECPJuD1EIKvP/XojwQ7TwIkQAIkQAIkQAIkQAIdJ8BJRccZ0gMJkAAJkAAJkAAJkAAJ9GgCnFT06OFn50mABEiABEiABEiABEig4wQ4qeg4Q3ogARIgARIgARIgARIggR5NgJOKHj387DwJkAAJkAAJkAAJkAAJdJwAJxUdZ0gPJEACJEACJEACJEACJNCjCXBS0aOHn50nARIgARIgARIgARIggY4T4KSi4wzpgQRIgARIgARIgARIgAR6NAFOKnr08LPzJEACJEACJEACJEACJNBxApxUdJwhPZAACZAACZAACZAACZBAjybASUWPHv6gd/4L1JZMQlJOCWqbultfmnCkthSFo9IgjrLvco1Ne1GS0x85JXthjirCN20OKg+Zt+puI0E9JEACJEACJEAC8SdwcvxDMAIJ9EACTbV4fuYMbOhXjLqKXPQJ5PT9NKTnPQ8nrweOH7tMAiRAAiRAAiTQLgKB/KrTrh7SmAS6ksC5Z+NM/pZ15QgwNgmQAAmQAAmQQCcQ4NedToCcmCGacKhyDtKSJmFN5VasK8xpfs0naRCmLitD7ZHI6zKHKlGYloS0wkocioKQbYegsPJTAJ+isnAIknIeQ2nZ45ialtTsa1Qh1lV/iEO1ZVg2dVBzWdpUPL6zQXmF52O8+UpLu7Spj+OV2pZo4bBNDaheV4hR4lUk8TOqECWVtTgiNYV1pmFU4YporNaapaG4i1ebKlES7bNoV4LKSMym2hLknPQ13FLegIal1+CsJNlPtw8AkZg5a17BTpe21vojbNRXkLy4Kn1s7UeJHc4eR0P1hpZXtJJyUFhS2TJ24OtPXtRYRgIkQAIkQAIk0JYAJxVtmbCkXQR+hdsfKceZt/wKjuOgsX45+vzHdNyxuqrlC7upv/IVWFl5MR6obYTTWIeKb+3GzUP6YsCiffjOY9VwnIN4e+HJKBq/CJs/PN7itXw2ZvyiF6ZXfxm22TruEyzO+BGWVX/ebNP0Pkpvy8bYyouwpF7YNOLwqoHYdtME3F36vmuC0oCtG95A79k74DT+GVtvH4LUliiRVBOO7N2A6Vl3Y9sFD6G+0YHTWI0lF2zDTZGYyel5KGt8G2uzQwgVVOCgU4Ulo89t46m5oAHlty/DpjN/gpcc4asOG/tsQfYda1EtJ2Y+LVsVR/o45NmTMLPmYJhD5cg3MTVrDkrdrKKNjuPD0vuQOfZVXLCkGo0i9uF/Qca2u5F192Z8yCUUUVJMkAAJkAAJkAAJ6AlwUqFnRIuYBDJR8OB9yE1v/vqdHLoSY4adja2vvIn69n4xDd2MBx8Yj/SUZCA5hCFjMhHCRCx84BYMC/UCkIr0EcMxqOE1vF7jehIRmo7ixbe12OTehwcLPsLy5/+AQ2jCoa1PY0bJ11x+kpEyYDJWbhyLl2c8ja2uRcihyT/GDwakAsnnIf2ytlMK4DPs/PlKvHLdfCy+ezhC4jcoOYRh9/4LNhZ8hPw5pe1eNB4qKMQDuQOQIjjLfm/9b7xR75o4xRwDoGlfBZ4uOdU1FqkY8IMfYzJK8XTZu66JU8TRoe1YMaMUgxbOxt3DQgj/jyDlcuStfAKTX16MFVvFEyReJEACJEACJEACJGBGgJMKM060MiaQgr4Z/YA9+1DXnr+0G/v3MBx0FS4PTzpkXbOGhg2vourQp6gqK0dDqD8uuUBMTOSVjJS+/TGooRxlVZ/JQv390B9RtqEeg4YPbJ5QRFvY6ndEF95FTV305axoFO/EF9i3fQvK0Q8ZfcNTk2az1NFYUl+PsrwBzZOGaOMmHKp6FRsa0jD4knNb16WkIWNQPTaU/dH1ulq0IRMkQAIkQAIkQAIk4EmAuz95YmFhlxAY1B99xVOKeFwNj+Kasx718JyJwR6lfkVNH72H3Q1+tQAa9uG9j44D/WPYdJuqaiy95qtY6qEn1B4oHu1ZRAIkQAIkQAIk0LMIxOkbXM+CyN4GgED2WtSI9Q9i7UCrn1jrHdr2K/mCSzA41LY8WtLmiUi0phsmJmJtzTGFRzOf+iWjPdaTdMMuUBIJkAAJkAAJkEC3IMBJRbcYhgQWEX6dJta3cAt9b/Oq1RHU1byL0OQxGJJ6LobkZCO05w94s8G9RqEJR6ofx6ikSSip/cJcROrXkTM5DXt2vIWGVmtGmmPC+tOWyGtVMRWehv4jrkW2+spU+MC7NI+D95KROmQMJofexo43/9x6vcWRnVg2qr2H5MUUx0oSIAESIAESIIEeQICTih4wyF3axeRLMOKGEWjY8K/4971icbXYjnUzFj3yLGK9RdQuzQ3P4pFFmyNboR7C3pJC3LThmyi+awRSkYzUrDtQfN02zJizBjvDE4tmDY/MehIomoVJ6ae1I1xvDPvJTHz35XmY88SOyMQiEnPpBShanIt0q79VkQlDw0tY9+9vNe+odWQvShctwVIXwOT+OSicfQ6WPvIkKsN9PI6Grc9hQ/lV3ppSR+Cu4pF4ecZDeEJu0Sv8PvIg8jEdiyelt15r0Q5CNCUBEiABEiABEuh5BKx+/el5+NhjPYHTkD5pIcrv+zvmfu0sJCX1xdi1f8WEBx9Atr6xmUX2XZg5+n0sSj8JSUlnYfS2y7Fu62Lk9okszE6+GLlPbMLGkR+gMO1UJCWdhDOzXsBXZz6HX9w3rHnXJbNIYnum8M5RT259AiM/WoC0k8S5FwPw05rh2FjzC8zKPNvYk6lhcvoPsLI8D5g7CGeKMzbG/hyHJ8zCM9muJ0DJfTB64bOouvkoHgn38VSkPXIUN1etwX2emnqhT+5ibN04Eh8VZuIk4ffMiXjhq3eg6hfTkRmvtS2mnaYdCZAACZAACZBAoAgkOeIFc9clDgZTily1TJIACZAACZAACZAACZAACfRkAl7zBT6p6MmfCPadBEiABEiABEiABEiABCwQ4KTCAkS6IAESIAESIAESIAESIIGeTICTip48+uw7CZAACZAACZAACZAACVggwEmFBYh0QQIkQAIkQAIkQAIkQAI9mQAnFT159Nl3EiABEiABEiABEiABErBAgJMKCxDpggRIgARIgARIgARIgAR6MgFOKnry6LPvJEACJEACJEACJEACJGCBACcVFiDSBQmQAAmQAAmQAAmQAAn0ZAKcVPTk0WffSYAESIAESIAESIAESMACAU4qLECkCxIgARIgARIgARIgARLoyQQ4qejJo8++kwAJkAAJkAAJkAAJkIAFApxUWIBIFyRAAiRAAiRAAiRAAiTQkwlwUtGTR599JwESIAESIAESIAESIAELBDipsACRLkiABEiABEiABEiABEigJxM4uSd3nn0ngZ5EICkpKWZ3HccJ18+bNy9qN3/+fIh8KBRCQ0NDtNydUG1k3m0j09KPaiPzsl7au+/SRpapeVku7tKPaiPzst7dRqZVG5mX9e679KPaqHl3G5mWNn4+pJ24+9moPtxtZFq1kXlZ73VXbWRe6ojVRtrINl62fjayjaz3aittZJ2al+XiLv2oNjIv691tZFq1kXlZ775LP6qNmne3kWlp4+dD2om7n43qw91GplUbmZf1XnfVRualjlhtpI1s42XrZyPbyHqvttJG1ql5WS7u0o9qI/Oy3t1GplUbmZf17rv0E8tG2It6XiSQkAQc5QKglDBLAiSQ6AR0v/erVq3SIrBhY+LjoYce6rAWkzg2bGxoFZ3VadHVm/gQNjq9tuLo/OjqTbSa9Nkkjg0bHVcTrSY2NrSasLUVR+dHV2+itTO56fSafA6EXl4kEAQCXt8bkoRw92xJ/DVTKXJXM00CJJCABPh7n4CDyi6RAAmQAAmQQJwIeH1v4JqKOMGmWxJIJAKrV6/WdseGjYkP9+tZfqJ0fnT1wq8NGxtaTbTY0Cri6PTaiqPzo6s30dqZ3HR6dVxNtJrY6HSY+BA2Or224uj86OpNtJr02SSODRsdV6GVFwkEmQAnFUEePWonARIgARIgARIgARIggW5AgJOKbjAIlEACJEACJEACJEACJEACQSbANRVBHj1qJwFLBLzejbTkmm5IgARIgARIgAQSjIDX9wY+qUiwQWZ3SCAeBGy8Tyx06fzo6oUPk/eSdX509SZaTWxsaDWJY6s/Or224uj86Or5ORAE2l4m3Exs+DmID1sd17ZRWUICwSLAJxXBGi+qJYG4EBB/cVi1ahWmTZum/eKv2ujyQrDORq2P1UaclyH2g29PGwnNVhvpT95VvzIvtUo7913ayDI1L8vdd9VGzbttZVq1UfPSTtylXtVGzbvbyLRqo+alnfuu2qh5t61MSxs/rdLOfZdtZJmal+Xuu2qj5t22Mq3ayLzUKu3cd2kjy9S8LHffVRs177aVadVGzUs7cZd6VRs1724j06qNmpd27rtqo+bdtjItbfy0Sjv3XbaRZWpelrvvqo2ad9v6pWUboZVnVPhRYnnQCHg9qWhzKIXXvrNB2C+XGkmABE6cgO73Xrf/uohsw8bEh8le7zo/unpb/bGh1USLrf7o9NqKo/OjqxdMdFo7k5tOrw2tndkfnV5df020mtiYxNFptRXHRIvOxkSr0MuLBIJAwOt7A19/CtrUkHpJgARIgARIgARIgARIoJsR4KSimw0I5ZAACZAACZAACZAACZBA0AhwUhG0EaNeEiABEiABEiABEiABEuhmBDip6GYDQjkkQAIkQAIkQAIkQAIkEDQCnFQEbcSolwRIgARIgARIgARIgAS6GQFuKdvNBoRySKArCHhuDdcVQgxiir3eg7ItY5C0CvRB0kutBr8sJ2hCticIjs1IoAcR8PrewCcVPegDwK6SwIkSMDkwy4aNiQ+TPuj86OpFDFs2Or024tjwodNpk4lOr67eRKuJXpM4tmx0mm3EseFDp9OEqy0bk/7Y0GsSx4aNmKzxIoFEJsAnFYk8uuwbCRgS4OF3q6Ok5EFVskDNy3L3XbWReXkwl9tWpqWNX16Wu+/xbiP1xjuO7FNH4vhplb7d947EkX5UH7LcfVdtZF5qddvKtLTxy8ty9z3ebaTeeMeRfepIHD+t0rf73pE40o/qQ5bHuss2QmtQnrLG6g/rSEAQ8HpSwcPvgnDCCDWSQJwJeB1i4w6pO9RJ2NqwMfFhcoCUzo+u3lZ/bGg10WKrPzq9tuLo/OjqBROd1s7kptNrQ2tn9kenV9dfE60mNiZxdFptxTHRorMx0Sr08iKBIBDw+t7AJxWccJIACXj/xaGbcuH73vEbGLKND9sgcRUEgqQ3SFrj8+miVxLoGgJeTyq4pqJrxoJRSSBQBGy8Tyw6rPOjqzeFpvOjqzfRamqj02xDiw0fOp2m/bWhxcSHDb0mcWzZ6PTaiGPDh04nPwf+hHT8xQSIFwkkMgFOKhJ5dNk3EiABEiABEiABEiABEugEApxUdAJkhiABEiABEiABEiABEiCBRCbASUUijy77RgIkQAIkQAIkQAIkQAKdQICTik6AzBAkQAIkQAIkQAIkQAIkkMgEOKlI5NFl30iABEiABEiABEiABEigEwhwS9lOgMwQJNDdCfDwOx5+Jz6jfgeJycO7Yn2OVRs179VWtVHzsdr4aY3VRta1J46NNlKr9OW+q1rUvNtWplUbNS/t3HfVRs27baVe1UbNu9vItGqj5qWd+67aqHm3rUxLGz+t0s59l21kmZqX5e67aqPm3bZ+adlGaOXhd36UWB40Al5byvLwuyCcMEKNJBBnAl6H2LhD6g51ErY2bEx8mBwgpfOjq7fVHxtaTbTY6o9Or604Oj+6esFEp7Uzuen02tDamf3R6dX110SriY1JHJ1WW3FMtOhsTLQKvbxIIAgEvL438ElF0KaG1EsCcSDg+ReHOMShSxIgARIgARIggeAT8PrewDUVwR9X9oAE4k5Ad6iTEGDDxsSHyQFSOj+6elv9saHVRIut/uj02oqj86OrF0x0WjuTm06vDa2d2R+dXl1/TbSa2JjE0Wm1FcdEi87GRKvQy4sEgkqAk4qgjhx1kwAJkAAJkAAJkAAJkEA3IcBJRTcZCMogARIgARIgARIgARIggaAS4JqKoI4cdZOARQJe70ZadN/tXTXVluC6jC24oWY98tJP6156j+xF6SN3Y8LScgATsbY7avQk9gVqS6YgY25/VOxdiNGpZn/Dah6LpzC4YguWjD7X0zMLSYAESIAEupaA1/cGs//Ld61uRieBHkCgCYcq5yAtKQ2jlu3EkTY9lvWTUFL7RZvaeBfo3hUW8W3YmPgweS9Z50dXb6s/Hdf6BWqffwgTnv4Sm+q+hOM87znpsdUfnd72xTkN6XnPw6lf3GZCEctPcnoe/mnVrdoJhU6ryRjG0iF/p2zY2NDamf3R6bXBxFZ/dFptxbHRZxOt8nPHOwkEkQCfVARx1Kg5AQmIScNcDLjmUTTgeyiq2ohZmWe7+inr92FhHP5SLf7isGrVKsj91F2B2yRVG11eONDZqPWx2sTal171o8vLOKsWTEHxvP9B5vybsf6hma0mSKqPNkBi9E9qbU+b1rZ/w8e/exbzXjwP9zz8fTx+z0+taWsdpzkn9ap9VvNebVUbNW+7jZ9W23Gkv470R2qVvtx31a+ad9vKtGqj5qWd+67aqHm3rdSr2qh5dxuZVm3UvLRz31UbNe+2lWlp46dV2rnvso0sU/Oy3H1XbdS829YvLdsIrTynwo8Sy4NGwOtJBc+pCMJmwNTYAwg0OgcrZjshZDpZWZc5yFruVB1udPVb1k901tYcc5XbSXrtN+32rNt/XdiesM3BCqcgFHKynyl3CqdmO1mAI/SEpix3ymsORmR84lQUZDoIzXYmFz7YIi3cFk6ooMI56EhG453cO+5wiqZcHvYDZDsFz77u1B+sccqLpjihsP80Z8ry7U59BHFjzVonG+Odok2bWtqd9Q2nqLzGOdwSzXGcL536qvVOQVYo4nugU7C2wqmJjlVEZ1aB80zRFOdMESs026k46B5Ll8PDNc49k1v6jKwCZ21FJGbj287abBknwiTcT1f7cPIT557sixzRVsQM90/GbKx3qp4tiDJt5V+0leyLfuVskXoRcrIK1jtV9Z84NeXLnSkhOR7FTuFjK1uCC9+biqL1CLdb69wz//GIzTGnZu1EV/8jbLKLnXsKb25hGJrSirMYi4G4yCmo+MRxnJY2Fa+7uIemOGNumt56bA67x/dyZ0rRemdy9kBX/BbpMnXCn1npIHLX+TE5n0DnQ4TS2ejqTXwIG51eW3F0fnT1JlpN+mwSx4aNjqvQyosEgkLA63sDX38K2tSQehOcQD/8aM485NUUYdbqKo/XoBK1+w0ov30Zdp32LbzkOHAa67CxzxZk37EW1Uea2tnpzSj9zfvo98AOOM6XqK+4Gjtv/gbSBizCm995DHVOI34277tA0TTM3fw+WrxvRv6MF3DS9HI0Cpv7BuOTxf+IsdHX0Y7jw9L7kDn2VVywpBqNjoNVP5uAjG13I+vuzfiwxRGw9T+xvXc+pj/0AOq33oFhXusJjryJkukT8PPa3lhSL15t+hL1Sy7CtpuymmMmD0Be2buoWTsROOtaVBxsRP2S0Uj1oxGJWSv8iJgp+1F6WzbGVl4U9r9q1VM4vGogtt00AXeXuvvdgPL8NajsNxvTH3oIjfXr8K2dhRiSNgqL3hyGx+ocOIf3YCFWY/WLb0b6+Tmql9+GsS+cjunVQrsYs9/jwZOew8/+dUfsMStfhP/cdSpueamuuc8b++E/su/D6urP/XoGlC/CI5u+0qrN/9tY3tKm6X2U3j0BU/eMRuXhRjjODszuvRUvlr/l75M1JEACJEACVglwUmEVJ52RQMcJnHTxOCwozkVN/oKWL00dd9vtPYQKCnHd4AuQIpQmhzBkTCZCW/8bb9Qfb6f2TGT/4zXITRdfv3shNOTbGBYKIXvhbNw9LIRkJOPU8y/ByEEH8PLr77gmbpcjr3hBi815V+CBByehZvlm7DzUBBzajhUzSjEo6gfAqWnIW/kEJr+8GCu2ftqiMzQWU38wEL1wEkLpFzf3qaUWQBMO7fwF5r4yEjeOH45hoV7NWof9FCs33oya/GV4vr1rZyIxU0Sf0y9E09anMaPka1j4wC0R/0lIGTAZKzeOxcsznsZW0afIJdg/kDsAQkVy6EqMGZYGZN+LB+4ejpD4VyKlP0aM/BoO/s/7qBGTvEN/wPPLP8LkqTdEfIuGfZB18w0YWPtu7DEL3Yx/vO4KpKcIx3J8/oBX3vjINcGTyqTAm/HgA+Nbtelz5keRNk04JPr68kgUL/4hBoT9pmJA3hL8JPsixRGzJEACJEAC8SLASUW8yNIvCZwwgV7oMz4fxXnvI3/Wz2P/1feEY3T3hslI6dsfg/AuauraLluPj/qvYfjl56Plf4pJzRoaylFW9SkOVb2KDQ1pGHzJuS4b8YU7DRmD6rGh7I84ZCzsM1SVlaNh0FVIO+tkVytb/Y74D/XHJReIqYK8Iv7DffpMFrb/njoaS+qrsGTYZ6gsLUWp+CkpxDUZt6DdzwbC/IA9NfWuCZ5GUkoazjlPtmlheXl4cibbpuAfzufuUZIG7yRAAiQQbwIt/37GOxL9kwAJmBNIvhjjF8zvga9BmSPyt+yH8//hVP/qDtVUY+k1X4VYoCZ+fvrTnyLppK/hlvKG9nlt+hTv7a6P0aYeu9/71P8v9zFatqpqeBTXnHVSi9akJJyUcQvE5rQtVwiDMtI8nqa0WLRNHcLekluQdmYGrln5OsIvLp19HVZVPYOB+LQTJ4JtlbGEBEiABEigawhwUtE13BmVBLQEkvtc3yNfg9KC6VIDcU7EseY1BGJNxapV0XTM9Q6q5uRzccngNLXUlfd4IuKqNU5mr0VNoxPW6NbqOFXaLVtjxWiq/XfcfctOXLfpPTT+ZgnycnORm/sdpB38Ez6M1ZB1JEACJEACCUuAk4qEHVp2LPgE3K9BleD1zxuD36UT7kEK+mb0O+HWZg3VV60cHKnbhz2hbOQMORepQ8Zgcuht7Hjzz62fIBzZiWWj+iOnZG/r8phBe2NITjZCe/6A+oN/d1k2NcdEP2T0Da8ucdW1J9ni/80G95qUJhypfhyjkjpy3onUqL4u9ncc/tz8BbD29Ca2rezrPtS1WtR/BH/5s2udS2wnrCWBuBPgdrJxR8wAXUyAk4ouHgCGJ4GYBKKvQS3Hwyu3xzRN7MrT0H/EtchueAlvvPVJ87v34qTpRUuwtJ1vHvlzqsbSR5ajtFZ8MW7Clx+9jpk3vYTriu9Alti9KXUE7ioeiZdnPIQndjY0TyC+/AiljzyIfEzH4knprdda+AcSq5qROuxHWPjdbfi3zTuwM/zFvwlH9m7AzJueRUbRLEzq0MneyUjNugPF123DjDlrIv4dHKndjEdmPQl0yH9yZIK1HRue/S0awuu9j6Nh5xrMmfEkDsbsdzwqZV/L8ciizagNTywOobZ0Of6z/IN4BKRPEjghAjz87oSwsVGACPDwuwANFqUmMoFYh9s1b2U6dMKTaIB4/Wa956nKOjpiDUCs6yc/+QkuvPDCWCaedeKvb+5/LNW8V6NWNl/+CV+s34BVl07GnWMuhVwN4RzYhV88WYXzJ/8YYy49A/Pn/zNmTJ6I375Qjj8eBpBVgHGX1aNx6wvYdv543DnmEuBPv8FTGz5D1vTxuPKck8MHTc27fwpefWoz/pw1GbUvPon58+YBzqfY9YsN2Bpudyl6hWP9P1w66evIOe0t5K9/Ezjz6xgz7tv4vxuKUSTahK8vceBPb2HXf23F794XIs7D18dkoWT9Bry4ehGAo/jTq/+KDX+6GZOnnIxLT/VnHmYwewb+9D+78F8v/Q7vC/8XX42x37kS//vSc8I7MQF/x4Fdm/Hk1t6YfOcorH9sgQfr/OaYey4L27SKefwARv6vryDvlqXN/s/8OoqeLUHD7heRIqR9+acomx9deS6a1R7FyC9+g2s2pWH6j67EOUnA/PmzMeP7mVEdl57ahCMN/4PXyiuiHKYUrYCz99/xzvM7gPE/xo71jyhtjrXRGWbw0PToWNTtWI9lM77vGncYtfkXMT7HD+Ddqt/ihVf/iMORcRmAP+L5189FRd02bPuX+ZExFP1p/ZmNVrgSqo2ad5lGk6qNmo8auhKqjZp3mUaTqo2ajxq6EqqNmneZRpOqjZqPGroSqo2ad5lGk6qNmo8auhKqjZp3mUaTqo2ajxq6EqqNmneZ+ibdbUSaFwkkAgEefheUE0WoswcSkAe3+Rxu1/iesylPHOYm67906isedh1qNtvZFD0orv34xCE24mf79u2ejW0c/CQc6/zo6oUPkwOkdH509SZaTWxsaDWJY6s/Or224uj86OrNPgfHnPmTr4ocjChatL1M4tiw0XEVymzEseFDaNHptRVH50dXb6LVhK1JHBs2Oq5CKy8SCAoBHn6XCFND9iFBCSQjdfRi1DvPez+FSL4YuWv3wInW/xn/va4c/cRCWecvqPre23h6e3073ulvi3HlypUYMWIEduzY0baSJSTQbQmIp3xzkJZ2C0r2yjUd4nWstfjPF4/jvklX+R8Y2G37RGGJSIBPKRJxVNknNwGuqXDTYCI3jIYAACAASURBVJoEgkLg7x/j3R2D8L1v9RFv5+N/XfU17Nn2Fv7cAf0zZswAJxYdAMimXURArKmYiZeKv4Zto8+KbPd7KjKfPIbBd96E+zLP7iJdDEsCrQm4XxNtXcMcCSQGAU4qEmMc2YseTSAZZ5zVG2dYYMCJhQWIdNH5BJJDyMydhXX1zdvnOo6D+nWzMPiis9qxeL7zZTMiCZAACSQSAU4qEmk02RcSsEBATCzKysr4KpQFlnRBAiRAAiRAAj2FACcVPWWk2c/EInDyeeg3vAavvy3OMv4cb/xmBy4bORDnW+pldnY2tm/fHp5YrF+/3pJXuiEBEiABEiABEkhUApxUJOrIsl8JTuB8fGPc/8aGa76KpKR/wJDlfXBHTj+rr3oMHz48PLGYOnUqtm7dmuA82T0SIAESIAESIIGOEDi5I43ZlgRIoKsI9EKf3GLUO8VxFSAnFmJXKPEjXo3iRQIkQAIkQAIkQAIqAR5+pxJhngR6IAFxiM2qVaswbdo0rF69ug2Bd955B8uWLcMNN9yAf/u3f2tlo7ZR88KZWtYq73yEXps34l/Ovwkzrr4gcgCbf5uGhgaEQqE2PrVxPHTINqsWTEHxvP9B5vybsf6h27BgynDMq/7fmD/jajx0RxamDPomXuz7Ezz8Txk4rQ0dvVaPJm30t2Li1SCqfxW+/KASTz11BKs++A/U/uKZFmvnID54vRKb1pWjNlw6EAVrl+CkT97DRWc1/w0pVhw/trHayOCqjZoP2zkf4XfFT6E6887wWP9U+bx5tsHf8PHvnsW8F8/DPQ9/H4/f89Pw589Pq9Tjvqt+1bzbVqZVGzUv7dx31UbmpVa3rUxLG7+8LHff491G6o13HNmnjsTx0yp9u+8diSP9qD5keay7bCO0clvZWKRYFyQCPPwuKCeKUCcJdDIBr0Ns3BLEwU/79+93hg4d6uTn5ztHjx51V4fTJ3w4VOPbztrsy5zstW87T61a1cavWmBygJROi1rfWLPWyY4eLHjMqVk70cHAyU5Noxq9dV7107pWf4iYsNf5aG3T6Bx++1+dguxMB6HZTsXBZoHNPr506jZNd0JZBc6zVfWOqGms3+4sn3J5+AC4xy2wbZ9WlYYQ1DzWAyfPC+vzsAgXmcSJx+fAS4+JFp2NDa1Cmy6Ort7Eh7DR6bUVR+dHV2+i1aTPJnFs2Oi4Cq28SCAoBLy+N/BJRZCmhdRKAnEi4PkXB49YdXV1yM3NxRVXXIEVK1bg9NNP97BqZ1HTXpRcdz2eu+HXeDlvgNV1IaZKmmpLcF3GFtxQsx556UBtyRRkPHctal7OQ3p3WXnW1IDqDSux4pNs3NX7KQyZ2x8VexdidGpEoA/HcN+y9qHQbWsKxradj0bbYeiPBEiABEggvgS8vjd0l38u49tzeicBEugQAflKVN++fVFaWoo33ngDd911F44dOxb1K22iBR6JmDafvYl7JnwTaUlJSEoahKnLylB7pKmVl6aGnRg/vH/kgLM0jCosQWWtPEU5crJyUg5ybvonTE0Tfpp/0gorIa2Ew9WrV0VOYZ6DykOtY0QD1kUWp4svwjlpaPYhYwxBYeWnrtfAPkVl4RAkpUX8HapEYVoa+n93IsqWTY30SejdgOqGT1H7yuNRfWd/84fY2XA8GtYrsXr1StQ+Owuzakbhsfu+iTMVozDXI/Wo2XM2Bl9ybquJWfIFl2AwyrFk3nKlVSQb0Zqz5hXcOn44RklmUx/HK1G2kf6dfV1rXuG2SRE2zf5Wr1qC6nWFPn6abeq2/ptLy3E0VG9A4ai0yHjlIGfKva6x/wK1JZNa2EZamhwkFvPzFv4ctH3VzyUsnNT5EEY6GxtaTeLodJj4EDY6vbbi6Pzo6k20mvTZJI4NGx1XoZUXCQSZACcVQR49aieBLiAgJhZbtmwJR/7hD38I8fSi49dRlOfPx87kb6O60YFz+FcY98lyZIx9AtWRiUXTh6W4LfMW/CnlO6gXNs5erMrYgZuy5qD0Q/eX8nK8vu8szK5tRGN9DapK84ENpXi1lc1fUVVWDkwegyHyL/0d74TioQHvvLoLlf1mo9Zx0Fi/Dt/aWYghaaOw6M1heKxO9HMPvo//wvi5v8aHPnObZqcnI+26x/HS4u8i5PN/7aaP3sPuBkVCNFuPugNH4B+iAeW3L8Pbpw7GS44Dp7EOG/tsQfYda6P8o65iJZrex+6NKzDk2ZMws+YgHOcgKke+ialtxkg6OY4PS+9D5thXccGSajSK2If/BefXPo+suzdrmEgfvJMACZAACXQHAj7/PHUHadRAAiTQXQn07t07/PrTV7/61fDrUDYmFqG8+Rg/+rLmL80pA5D7QCEKav4Vz+/8DMCn2LpiMUoG3Ytvf+PCyBfrVAzIW4KNk1/DjBXbXU8iMvGNb12OASnJSA6lI/O7P8B9GVvwdNm7LV+qv/gQZRuAyTlfR2ocIZ959dV4IHcAUgAkh67EmGFpQPa9eODu4ZF+9kf/9AvQ8HIVapSnMq1lJSEldF7YT+tymXNwpG4f9sjsCdxDBYX49oBzm2MkhzBkTCZCW/8bb9S7J2yxHTftq8Bvf3cyCh68D7npgmwqBvzgx5iM0tb8pZtD27FiRikGLZyNu4eFmp+wpFyOq2+chMkvL8aKrZ9KS95JgARIgAS6OQFOKrr5AFEeCXQHAmL3EvUS6ynEuoqsrKzwxGL06NGqSZu8l59mozMwaPhAFPzUFSclDRmD6rGh7I84dOiPKNtQjdDgS7B4wXyX3xT0zeiHhg2vosr1GtPgsTe32KR8Hd+ffBXKn/sd9oX/VN+EH339dGxANnKG9G6xU1N9s9SSNnn//jSbpoxw6WjTurngxqzLfGpainVxpk27o8XYJ9U360afmpbiOfMl22Sk9O2PQXgXNXVHWgzOuLIl3Sb1BfZt34K38A1k9BXTqMiVOhpL6utR5lov06ylCYeqXsWGhrQ2r2xNu+uOlrGXfpS7yS46em6uz5viX2Z1PoSdzsaGVpM4Oh0mPoSNTq+tODo/unoTrSZ9Noljw0bHVWjlRQJBJsBJRZBHj9pJoJMI+L1PLCYWS5cuxZQpU5CRkYEdO3bEVOTnRzZ62mM7W1kn7g1Lr8FZkXf+m9dLnI6MW37lNgmnd7/0rKvsNPTPuRF5e57C2vBfvj/DvCXPI+O+8RgW69UnuabC5UlNxu5PCGe8vSnG04Vmb/+29Z2I28jagVb9m4SS2i+07+yvXv1MZBKgKmzJt17H0FLuTi2eN8+dbZs+uqttWZsS2Z82FdGC1lqqsTR8iGPLGpikk76GW8p93+UK+zF5Pz32+OjXQohAOh8mNja0msSxoVXE0em1FUfnR1dvorUzuen06rgKrbxIIMgEuPtTkEeP2knAEgHxBT3WORXuMOIvdu5/PGVenLr93HPPoaysDO+++667SewzGfzOqbjddT7EdWJC8Rx+PeZ2TLjUQZrnORUOfpS+Hxdd86/4xj0z8U8ZKa64R1Dzf1fiucE/R0HoJbz88H/h/PtuxtXnnRK2MT+nIh2oeREP/+ytaAzR0WnTfoB7czLxs9cHNp+lkJeBnIty8c53fox//sdBkbM3mjX8rG5k8/kXPxUcV0bPYKhQz5xoRbA508zap80XNfi/D5cCP2nuu2w+7UfpyLnoJ9FyOV6yHuF2P8Pr37gH076ZiksibJuZbEPfe2ai7PGbW/Uv47Sk5uauth+UPYqfifM9xGtl4fM+Zrb6nIQbtDqn4nz8ODxeZfj+/JaxcH+2moPwnIroWEUS6hiqedVe5FUbNe9u43f2Q6w2sr1qo+alnfuu2qh5t61MSxs/rdLOfZdtZJmal+Xuu2qj5t22fmnZhudU+BFieRAJeO3+BHU/XK99Z1Ub5kmABBKLgO733nSP9u3btzvC18qVKz0BefoJn10QanuWwsEKpyCU6RRUfOI4zidORUGmE8rb5Nz74EMu339xqoq+5yB7rVPT2OgcrJjthJDpZN9T5LIRyUbncNVyJyt0h/PMM3c7ZylnUMQ8p8Kl76DwFD7TollXS3+a9UXPjghrDzmXjb3TdR5DxCasVco75syffFWrMydkjfveEkeURs7RUM+pcJ334T5eQ/Zt8vwVbpct6bBWhPkXPtTC1t3PaMyzro2ejRF24Gor2QzERZExi4SI8AuP0d+UcyrC7S938ja95+LkOKt+VugUZTWfXdLo0V/h2WTP/9bcWrosU7p6YWfDxoZWEy02tIo4Or224uj86OpNtHYmN51eHVehlRcJBIWA1/cGvv4UxOkhNZNANyUwfPhwbN++HTNnzsTixYtbbTmrk9ywdAle3v0Rwm/wH3kTJTPvxobr5uCurHMBnIusu+bgupfnoeL1/WgIr404hNrSpZiVDxQtztWcJ5GMlCuvw+RBL+L2259Hn8x+6H+C//dL7n81bsiux4Z1/4GPvhRzKKFjOR5ZWq3rYnzrk/sh545rsWduEZ7d27yBblPDDjyx6HHsKZiGq847pQPxT0P/Eddi4ME/Yt2/vxUZo70oXbQES11vKSX3z0H2tSlY+siTqAxvk3scDVufw4byq7zHKHUE7ioeiZdnPIQndjY0L6Q/she7//Ml5GM6Fk9Kb7U9bgc6wKYkQAIkQAJxJnCC/6zGWRXdkwAJBJaAmFjs378fmzdvbnOWhX+nzkB20W3I+GQL0sWagjN/iG2DlmHrE+PRJ/J/qeQ+4/HE1idw8ZH/QtpJ4v37s5D1Qm/MrFqD+zLP9ncta8JfunMRwghk9j/nxL+sJqdj0sqf4z4sw/x77kRS0kSsPZyNB5+ZKCN10b0X+mTfhY0Lz8WGr50VPvPhpLRp2D1oPl66ZwRO66Cq5PQf4Ia7rgbmDsKZYozG/hyHJ8zCM9mhFs/JfZDx/SmouvkoHkk7FUlJpyLtkaO42XeMeqFP7mJs3TgSHxVm4qTw2E/E7pRvo+oX05GZwn+iWuAyRQIkQALdm8DJ3Vse1ZEACQSRgDwkb8aMGRBnWRQXF0OUeV7JA5BXtg954UWxn6J+02ueZkAyUtJH48oxP8aLO+QuRW7TZKSOXox6Z3Hbd/nDZk346+cfA3k3YuBXP3Y3RHJ6HsocoaD5Ss97HquOr448/RD66sP6mmuFjhzMWpeDlG+tDr+r3lyeBee2iAM073h02rx5rsnLuRi9pAri2UbLdRrOu/o2OOv1uxC52wh9LrktVSnpGJ23JPzTUtic+r1aIPPh3ZkcLAkv0N0mS9swEdvDnve1a/BQ/a+wLmoFoKwe0W6L8qSzkDm1EL+ZKjwqV2Ssj69e7eKSivTReVgifiLmYl1FZqhXJHcafPuruGeWBEiABEig6wjwz0Bdx56RSSChCYhJxC9/+UvIsyxqa2u7tL9NDb/Fsxv+hvvuHI2zI+uMu1QQg5MACZAACZBAAhHgpCKBBpNdIYHuRkCeZSG3nH3nHf12o9b70LQXJTlpOCltGRpnPoppJq9KWRdBhyRAAiRAAiSQ4ATUVeZeq7lVG+ZJgAQSi0Bn/N6vW7cuvDOUuHfkCtIOKkHSKsYkSHqptSO/RbHbkm1sPqwlARJwwv+eqxz4pCLBJ43sHgnYIND27IC2XnU24mnFrFmzMHXqVN+doXQ+2kb1LtH50dULr7ZsvBW2lNqIY8NHiyL/lK04Oj+6en+FrWt0fnT1wpstm9bK2uZsxLHho62ytiW24uj86OrbKvMu0fnR1QuvNmx4+J33+LA0cQjw8LvEGUv2hAROmICNw+9kcHnQk8yLu7vs448/xq9//Wv06tULN9xwA045pfkAOvUfbXcbt49Yh135tZFa1Hq3Xz8brzbSVt5VG5mXWqWd+y5tZJmal+Xuu2qj5t22Mq3aqHlpJ+5Sr2qj5t1tZFq1UfPSzn1XbdS821ampY2fVmnnvss2skzNy3L3XbVR825bmVZtZF5qlXbuu7SRZWpelrvvqo2ad9vKtGqj5qWduEu9qo2ad7eRadVGzUs79121UfNuW5mWNn5apZ37LtvIMjUvy9131UbNu2390rKN0Dp/vtcmE34tWU4C3ZcAD79Tn9MwTwIkECage/1Jd6iTcNIem/379zu33nqrM3ToUEek5WXiw+TVDJ0fXX17+yP1q3cbWk202OqPTq+tODo/unrBRKe1M7np9NrQ2pn90enV9ddEq4mNSRydVltxTLTobEy0Cr28SCAIBLy+N/BE7SCMHDWSQJwJeP3PIc4hnaNHjzr5+fnh9zLFSdymV5D+YQ6SVsE/SHqp1fQ3pv12ZNt+ZmxBAj2NgNf3Bq6p6L5PlqiMBLoNAfXVJC9h7bURO0MtXboU69atw4gRI7B+/Xqj95a9YqtlOi26euHPlo2qTc3biGPDh6rLK28rjs6Prt5Lm1eZzo+uXvi0ZeOlz11mI44NH25NfmlbcXR+dPV++tRynR9dvfBnw4ZrKtSRYT7RCHBSkWgjyv6QQMAIiAXc27dvDy/g3rJlC44dOxawHlAuCZAACZAACZAAJxX8DJAACXQ5geHDh2P//v3YvXs37rrrLtTV1XW5JgogARIgARIgARIwJ8BJhTkrWpIACcSRgDiB+5//+Z/DEXJzc8MTDK9wQdo9JUhaBesg6aVWr98OO2Vka4cjvZBATyPASUVPG3H2t5lAUwOq1xViVFISxLZoSUk5KCz5NaobjvsQasKhyjlIi9rLdi33tMJKHAq3/gK1JZMiflvqk5LSkFOyF02eEaT/NIxathNH2tjI+kkoqf2iTW2iFIjtZVesWAHxStSVV16J0tLSNl0L0nvJQdIqQAdJL7W2+dWwVkC21lDSEQn0KAKcVPSo4WZnmwkcx4ebF2Hss8DNVfVodBw01j+EC7bNxtifbY9MDFRWyUgdvRj1jiN2THP9/AVVRd8DspbjpQezkBpudgR1NR8ie+3bYd8t9vUoyxuA2L90DdiavwCrqz9XBfSYvFjAPWPGDJSVlWHChAm+B+X1GCDsKAmQAAmQAAkEgAAPvwvAIFGiZQJNe1Fy3fV47oZf42XXl/ym2hJcl7UPhXsXYnRq7K/+zYqacKT6CYwdUoHvVW3ErMyzm4sPVaJwQAGwcQuWjD7XULx4EjEXA64pR0bW59iK6ah66W5kpkgdsn4fFtasR176aYZ+zcw68/A7oUgeBiXVqXlp8+ijj+Lpp5/G2WefHT4wTxyaF+uwK9WPLi/juHd2MWkjdcu7XxupVdq5735t3DZqOt5tpN54x5H96kgcP63St/vekTjSj+pDlrvvqo3MS61uW5mWNn55We6+x7uN1BvvOLJPHYnjp1X6dt87Ekf6UX3I8lh32UZoDdKrZbH6xDoS4OF3PW0TYfbXm8DBCqcglOkUVHzSut6vvLVVS+7w605RVsgJFVQ4B1tKncaatU42Jjpra465SnXJRudgxWwnhInOM+XrnbxQyMkqet05HG3WUt8+v1EHMRNe+027G+gOdRK2Nmy8fIjzLORBeeI8C5M99L38dEV/bGg1Yavrr4kPYaPTayuOzo+u3kSrSZ9N4tiw0XE10WpiY0OrCVtbcXR+dPUmWjuTm06vyedA6OVFAkEg4PW9Qf4ZlFMuEugxBJo+eg+7G/y6W4/d733qs+7B3eY4Pixfj+U1uSi+a0TktSdR34QjdfuwJ3Q6Pi69I7oGI23qMpRWNxj4BU66eBwWFOeipoe/BiVpi9eh1qxZE34lSpxn8dWvflVWdft70P4qGSS91Bq/jz/ZxodtkLjGhwC9JjoBTioSfYTZP4VA5Eu/UtrubNO7KHu6FJicizF9ermaH8dH7+1DQ0Y/DJu6JrIGoxG1D/TD67PuxHKjtRK90Gd8Porz3kf+rJ+j+oj30m5X0B6RlOdZiFeibrvtNnz22Wfdvt9BWvAqYAZJL7XG7+NPtvFhGySu8SFAr4lOgJOKRB9h9i8uBJr2/Q7PlV+F+yZd5XpKIUKdhvS85+H8Zh5Gh+RkIxkp6d9BzrD9yJ9TilqTOULyxRi/YD7yaoowa3WVx25QcelWt3cqzrOYNGlSWOe1117ru+1st+8IBZIACZAACZBAghHgpCLBBpTd0RFIRkrf/hikM4tZ/wX2bd+C8uxcfP/KyOLsmPaiMgV9M/oBe/ahzvDJQ3Kf6/kalAfX1NRU7bazHs1YRAIkQAIkQAIkEEcC3P0pjnDpupsS8Nudya9c7UZ496jRmDt4I/YuGa08qVCNZV6cXTEFGXP7o8Jzdymf3Z2a3kfpbddjwrtTUT7zE0yd8Ke47f4ktr4N2rVjxw6IdRb5+fnhXVXE+gteJEACJEACJEAC8SXgtfsTn1TElzm9d0cCKWnIGPR5mwXZzQu4+yGjb0pM1c2vPqVhcs7X204oxIQjJw0tB+FJV+LsincRmjwGQ4y2q420i74GtRwPr9wunXX63b3lql9wGzYmPtzvJYvXofbv34/a2lqMHDky+jqUzo+uXvTRho1ba1dzM+mPTq+JDxs2Jj50Wk3G0CSODRsbWjuzPzq9NpjY6o9Oq604NvpsolXo5UUCQSXAJxVBHTnq7gCB4/iw9D4MnXEMCysfR96AVDQ17MAT909D0QVPaJ4++DxRiKqJnF0x9k1MjvgO7wi1dwOmX/97jNu2HLmtFnbLhrH8RvROeBINmIi1J3hOhfirQqzroYceilXtWyd2NHH/Y6nmvRqqNmq+vW3+/ve/47XXXkNlZSXGjRuHK664IuxC9avm2xvHy16UqX7VvFc71UbNs40XAbLm5635c6H+vqh5r0+PaqPmbbVR/bjjiDQvEkgEAl5PKsTJwK0ur31nWxkwQwKJQOBwjVOxtsDJAsQ7Pw5wuTOlaJNTVf9ltHfN501AOYfC5LyIL536qk1O0ZTLI75DTlbBWqeixn2aRTRMJKHx2/iesylP+JPnX3zp1Fc83KI/a7azKaZ/NV7rvO73Xrf/uvBmw8bER6y93sU5FkOHDnWGDx/uHDhwoHUnXTmTODZsYmmVcmzEseFD6NHptRVH50dXb6JV2Oj86OpNfJjY6Lia+DCxsdUfnV5bcXR+dPWCiU5rZ3LT6TXRKvTyIoEgEPD63nByIsyW2AcSaDeBlHSMzlsS/vFrm5yehzInT6lORuroxaiPufygF0KZuZi1TvwozX2zGr/JFyN37R44a6WD/fjvdeXot+k9VOSehV3LfoI52+sxPj0VPfmdRvE6VGlpKW688UaI3aGeeeYZDB48WELjnQRIgARIgARIIF4E1NmQ18xDtWGeBEigiwn8rcopuuwOZ1P93xzHiTzlmLLJqT9BWUH6vTf5a584hXvdunXhJ0UrV650RL4rLhOtXaHLL2aQ9FKr3yh2vJxsO87Qy0OQuHrpZxkJuAl4fW/oyX/UjNc8jX5JoJMJJOOMs3rjjDhGtbFIUcjT+dHVm3Zx3bp1EIfl7dq1C+vXr8cPf/hD1NXVRZubxLFlEw3qk7ARx4YPH3mtim3F0fnR1bcSFSOj86OrF65t2cSQGa6yEceGD51Om0x0enX1JlpN9JrEsWVjqpl2JBBEApxUBHHUqJkESMCIgHj1acuWLUhPT8eFF14YfjXKqCGNSIAESIAESIAE2kWAk4p24aIxCXQTAiefh37Da/D6258D+Bxv/GYHLhs5EOd3E3ndSUbv3r2xdOlSbNq0CRMmTEBBQQH++te/dieJ1EICJEACJEACwSfgfj9KpL3ekVJtmCcBEuhqAl86dZumOyG5e1VourOprmXnqvaqC9LvfUfeS96/f78zbty48A5Ru3btai+mdtt3RGu7g1loECS91GphwH1ckK0PGBaTAAlECXh9b+CTiuDPC9mDHkmgF/rkFqPeccS20HDqi33Ov7ADx9b7xDo/unrT3vj56du3L375y19i4MCBuPLKK7F48WIcO3bM062fD7exiY3b3itt4kNno6sXcU1svPS5y0x82LAx8eHW5ZfW+dHVC7+2bPw0ynIbcWz4kHpi3W3F0fnR1cfS6K7T+dHVC182bNzn+bj1MU0CiUKAh98lykiyHyTQAQLiEJtVq1Zh2rRp2n88VRtdXsjS2aj1sdo0NDQgFAq18RmrjUTjjiMWbm/cuBHnnXcerr/++vDdxIf05b67/bp9SK1uW5n2ayPrve7xbiP1xjuO7FtH4vhplb7d947EkX5UH7LcfVdtZF5qddvKtLTxy8ty9z3ebaTeeMeRfepIHD+t0rf73pE40o/qQ5bHuss2QisPv4tFinVBIsDD76IPbZggARJwE/B6jOmu1x3qJGxt2Jj4MHk1Q+dH1outZhctWhR+7VNsQeveelbauDmoaZ2NDa0mbHU6THwIG51eW3F0fnT1JlpN+mwSx4aNjquJVhMbG1pN2NqKo/OjqzfR2pncdHpNPgdCLy8SCAIBr+8NfFIRpGkhtZJAnAh4/sUhTrE66la8QmD7r327d+/G7bffjrS0tPCibrFblI0rHlpt6PLzESS91Oo3ih0vJ9uOM6QHEkh0Al7fG7imItFHnf0jAQsEbLxPLGTo/OjqTbui86PWu7eezcjICJ9tsXLlSm041Y+2gYeBiQ+dja5ehDWx8ZDXqsjEhw0bEx+thPlkdH509cKtLRsfidFiG3Fs+IgKipGwFUfnR1cfQ2KrKp0fXb1wZsNGTNZ4kUAiEzg5kTvHvpEACZCAKQG59eyYMWMwd+5cHD9+HDk5OeEzLkx90I4ESIAESIAEeioBPqnoqSPPfpMACXgSyM7ODh+YJxZwy6cWfjtEeTpgIQmQAAmQAAn0QAKcVPTAQWeXSSDIBGyvp/BiIZ5a5ObmoqysDMXFxfjhD3+I2tpaL9OYZZ2hNaaAdlYGSS+1tnNw22FOtu2ARVMSIIEoAU4qoiiYIAESCAKBznwvWT61EAu3T+SpRWdqtTF2QdJLrTZG3NsH2XpzYSkJkEBsApxUxObDWhIggR5OQK612LVrV/SpaLB5lgAAIABJREFUhdgtihcJkAAJkAAJkEALAW4p28KCKRLosQR64uF3crDlwVQm+b/97W+oqKjACy+8gHHjxuGaa67BKaec0uYgPulTHswlfbvv0kaWqXlZ7r6rNmrebSvTqo2al3biLvWqNmre3UamVRs1L+3cd9VGzbttZVra+GmVdu67bCPL1Lwsd99VGzXvtpVp1UbmpVZp575LG1mm5mW5+67aqHm3rUyrNmpe2om71KvaqHl3G5lWbdS8tHPfVRs177aVaWnjp1Xaue+yjSxT87LcfVdt1Lzb1i8t2witQXq1zK8/LCcBQcBrS1moB2x4HWah2jBPAiSQWAR0v/e6Q50EDRs2Jj5MDpDS+dHV6/qza9cuZ9y4cc7FF1/slJWV+X4YbGjVaTGpN7XR6e0oNwlK50dXL/zotJr02SSODRsbWjuzPzq9NpjY6o9Oq604NvpsolXo5UUCQSDg9b2BTyo44SQBEvD+iwO5xCQgdoT61a9+halTpyI/Px/3338/xKtSvEiABEiABEgg0Ql4PangmopEH3X2jwQsELBx8JOQofOjqxc+TBaR6vzo6k20nn766Th69Cj279+Pv/zlLzjnnHNQWlrairYNrSZabPTHhK2tODo/unoTrZ3JTaeXnwMxGm0vHTddvfBog61JHBs2JlrbUmIJCQSHACcVwRkrKiUBEuiGBPr27Ys1a9aEt5997LHHMH78+BPafrYbdo2SSIAESIAESMCYACcVxqhoSAIkQAL+BOT2s8OGDQtvP7t48WLw0Dx/XqwhARIgARJILAJcU5FY48nekMAJEfB6N/KEHLFRmIDYcvbhhx9GfX09Fi5cCDHh4EUCJEACJEACiULA63sDn1QkyuiyHyQQRwI23icW8nR+dPXCh8l7yTo/unoTrbFsBg8ejF/+8pe49NJLkZOTg9tuu833lSgbWmz4MGFrK47Oj67eRGus8RF14jKJY8PGxmfWRK8NrSKOTq+tODo/unoTrZ3JTadXx1Vo5UUCQSbAJxVBHj1qJwFLBMRfHFatWtXmvAUv93LPdVmnyws7nY1aH6tNrH3pVT+6fKw4fv2T5e67XxyhNTU1Nbze4pVXXsENN9yAoUOH4itf+YqWidu/TPvFkfVe9/a08WOr+uhoHNle9avmpZ37Lm38tLptZVq28cvLcvfdZhup1e1fpm3GkT697u2JI/W2p42M2dlt/LRKPe57Z2lzxxRpGVdo5TkVKh3mg0rA60kFz6kIwmbA1EgCcSbgtd+0O6SNPdqFP50fXb3wYbLXu86Prt5Eq4mNW6s822Lo0KHOpk2bRPPwZUOLDR9CjFtvRF6rm604Oj+6ehOtwkbnR1dv4sPERsfVxIeJja3+6PTaiqPzo6sXTHRaO5ObTq+JVqGXFwkEgYDX9wa+/hTUKSJ1kwAJBIqAfCVKnGfBXaICNXQUSwIkQAIkYECAkwoDSDQhARIgARsExNkWubm52LJlC+QuUeJsi88++8yGe/ogARIgARIggS4jwElFl6FnYBIggZ5KQJy8PWfOHNTU1IQP0BMH561fv55b0PbUDwT7TQIkQAIJQICTigQYRHaBBEggmATS09Nx0003hRdyFxcXY+TIkSgvLw9mZ6iaBEiABEigRxPgpKJHDz87TwIk0B0IiHMstm3bBrHeQmxBy1O5u8OoUAMJkAAJkEC7CKgrzL1Wc6s2zJMACSQWgSD93gdpB5UT0XrgwAFn0aJFjhiT/Px8Z//+/Z32YTsRvZ0mTglErQoQi1mytQiTrkggQQl4fW/gk4p2TcFonDAEmhpQva4Qo5KSIPZaTkrKQWHJr1HdcDx2F5v2oiQnLdJGthX3SSip/SLS9jgaqjegcJS0S8OowjV4oboBTb7em3Cocg7SktIwatlOHGljJ+vdcdoYxa1Ad6iTCGzDxsSHSSd1fnT1tvpzIlrd6y1E+wsvvBA33nhjzMXctvqj02srjs6Prl6nU9br/OjqhR9bNlKT391GHBs+/PS5y23F0fnR1bs1xUrr/OjqhW8bNjz8LtYosS4RCPDwu0QYRfahnQSO48PS+zB05Vfw6LJ7MDkzBDTswBP3T0PRBU9g75LRSPXzeKgShQNWI2PreuSln+Zp1fRhKW4b+jTOffQR3DN5GEJowM4n7sf4oj7YuHchRqd6zeXFpGEuBlzzKBrwPRRVbcSszLNd/mX9Piys8Y/tatCuJA+/Wx3lJQ+qkgVqXpa776qNzMuDudy2Mi1t/PKy/J133oE4OO+NN97Apk2b8OGHH+KUU04JV6s+ZBv3XbVR825bqVe1UfPuNjKt2qh5aee+qzZq3m0r09LGT6u0c99lG1mm5mW5+67aqHm3rUyrNjIvtUo7913ayDI1L8vdd9VGzbttZVq1UfPSTtylXtVGzbvbyLRqo+alnfuu2qh5t61MSxs/rdLOfZdtZJmal+Xuu2qj5t22fmnZRmjl4Xd+lFgeNAI8/C5BH0GxW+0k0Pi2szb7Mid77dtOo6tpY81aJzs026k46C51GTiNzsGK2U4ops0xp2btRAfZa50at5twzKudgopP3A5d6YhvZDpZWZc5yFruVB1u5aA5NiY6a2uOudrZSXo9xnR71h3qJGxt2Jj4MHk1Q+dHV2+rPza0Si3iwDxxcJ56eJ6sF/dYl0mfdXpNfNiwMfGh0ypY6Pzo6k18mNjY0GoSx1Z/dHptxdH50dULJjqtnclNp9dEq9DLiwSCQMDrewNP1A7CyFGjXQIHK5yCUGbbL/h+5dHoPhOGaL1IfOJUFGQ6oYIK56BRuTSSk4qJzjPl6528UMjJKnrdOSyr5YSmiyYVURndIBGkf5htaz169Gj4NG4xsRg3bpyzfft2qyNiW69VcYozalWAWMySrUWYdEUCCUrAa1Lh9R5G0J7AUC8JtItA00fvYXeDX5N67H7vU5+1D0dQV/MuQhfsR+lPBkXWVQzC1GWlLWsxmj7Fe7vr/ZyjYfd7+Mh/YUW43UkXj8OC4lzU5C/A6urPfX11ZoWN94mFXp0fXb1pn3V+dPUmWk1tdJrbo8V9eN6YMWMwYsSI8E5Rc+fO1YXRstc6MBg/Uya6PuvqTbSaaDGJY8tGp9lGHBs+dDpNuNqyMemPDb0mcWzYcE2FyWjRJsgEOKkI8uhR+wkQaMKRun3YcwItEZ4wfI6MPldj6s/3iKd8cJwdeKBfFWb96ElUH2kCjtSjZo/vjMUwai/0GZ+P4rz3kT/r581+DVvSrGcQEIu5Z8yYgQMHDkBMLhYtWoSCggLU1tb2DADsJQmQAAmQQLcjwElFtxsSCuq2BJIHIK9sH36z+LsIRX9zUpE+ZgyG1RRhzvO1Pk84TqBHyRdj/IL5yKspwqzVVR67QZ2ATzZJOAJycrF48eJw3zIyMji5SLhRZodIgARIICAE1Fe9vN6RUm2YJ4EgEwgvyIbfmopQmwXc2r6GF2GHmtdRuNOtGjavtWizgDtq07KmomUh9pdO3abpTgjfc4qqDnTpQu2oTCa6NYGamprw2Rbi/+PijAuR50UCJNA9CARprUr3IEYV3ZmA13wh+vfWgMyBKJMEOkwg+YJLMDjk5yYNgy85Fyf8i5F8Li4ZnObnHKHBl+ACY+fu16BK8Prnjb5+411h431ioVHnR1cvfJi8l6zzo6s30WpiY0OrSRzZn/T0dCxduhQ1NTWiGdxPLqRNuMLnPzq9Jj5s2Jj40GkVXdT50dWb+DCxsaHVJI6t/uj02oqj86OrF0x0WjuTm4leoYcXCSQqAeOvN4kKgP3qgQRS0pAx6PM2C7KbF3D3Q0bfFE8oTbUlyEkagsLKT1vXh9dRpGFyzteRihT0zejXdkF2ZD3GoIw0eHtv7TKai74GtRwPr9weLWaCBGIR8JpclJaWcs1FLGisIwESIAES6BABHn7XIXxsHEwCkcPvZhzDwsrHkTcgFU1Gh999juplN2HsnomofHIyBqSIOfkh7C25F9fv+B62rclFn2Sg+fC7efj7wl/iybzLkdLUnsPvvA63i+id8CQaMBFrw4ffJaOh8lH86JqHsVUMQtZsbHr6fuSm+x7bF96tKtZ4PfTQQ7GqfevEYU7uvxaqea+Gqo2aZxsvAggfnHUirMWi7l27duF3v/sd8vPzcfToUZxzzjneQXDicU5EG9vw90f9/VfzXh9U1UbNd2UbNbZbm0jzIoFEIMDD77rzy2nU1rkEDtc4FWsLnCzAEe8FApc7U4o2OVX1X0Z1NK+9QOszJxrrnapNRc6UkGyX7RSsrXBqWh1Ud9CpqVjrFGSFIr7hhKYUOZuq6lsdthcNFE54ralwWTS+52zKu9xB9JyKD5xNU6528ja95zQ6f3Gqisa3fy2Iy73Xu5Guau0hYsJWd/CTiY2JD5P3knV+dPUmWk1sbGg1iWPaH92aC51e0zhCc6xL50dXL3zrtAobnR9dvYkPExsbWk3i2OqPTq+tODo/unrBRKe1M7np9JpoFXp5kUAQCHh9b+CTikSYLrIPPY/A36uxbMAa9PttMXJDyThUORcD1g1B9bpc+C4XiUHJ8y8OMexZFWwCYuvZ//N//g+KiorCTy5uvfVWiFemeJEACZAACZCACQGv7w1cU2FCjjYk0K0JJOOMs3rjjDhqNFmAaMPGxIf7dRm/Luv86OqFXxs2NrSaaGmvVq81F+KcC/GaVKyrvXH8fOn86OqFXxtsTeLYsLGhVfRZp0VXb+LDhK2tODo/unoTrSZ9Noljw8bkcyD08iKBoBLgpCKoI0fdJEACJNBBAurk4sknnwyf0L1jx44OemZzEiABEiCBnkaAk4qeNuLsb2IQOPk89Bteg9ff/hzA53jjNztw2ciBOD8xesdedDIBObkQi7jFCd0jRozg5KKTx4DhSIAESCDoBLimIugjSP09lIB7RygAoenY9PvlyO3T64R4eL0beUKO2CghCHz22Wf4xS9+gZkzZ2Lo0KG4//77cd111+H0009PiP6xEyRAAiRAAh0j4PW9gU8qOsaUrUmgiwj0Qp/cYtQ7DhzxU198whMKkw7YeJ9YxNH50dULHybvJev86OpNtJrY2NBqEsdWf6Te3r17h9dXiK1nxYTisccew8iRI3HjjTdCTDhiXTa0mPiQWjuixSSODRsbWrvic+DH1gYTW/2xwbaz+mOi1Y85y0kgCAT4pCIIo0SNJBBnAuIvDqtWrcK0adO0X/xVG11eSNfZqPWx2jQ0NCAUCrXxGauNxNeeOLHayDp5V/3KvNQq7dx3aSPL1Lwsd99VGzXvtpVp1UbNSztxl3pVm6lTp4YnF9u2bcMbb7yBG264AQMHDsR5550Xba62UfNRQ1dCtVHzLtNoUtr4aY0auhKyjSxS87LcfVdt1LzbVqZVG5mXWqWd+y5tZJmal+Xuu2qj5t22Mq3aqHlpJ+5Sr2qj5t1tZFq1UfPSzn1XbdS821ampY2fVmnnvss2skzNy3L3XbVR825bv7RsI7TynAo/SiwPGgGvJxXir5ytLq99Z1sZMEMCJJBwBHS/97r91wUQGzYmPkz2etf50dXb6o8NrSZabPVHp1fE2b59u3PrrbeGz2DJz88P592/EDa0mPjQae1Mbjq9NrR2Zn90enX9NdFqYmMSR6fVVhwTLTobE61CLy8SCAIBr+8NfP0paFND6iUBEiCBLiQwfPhwrFmzBjU1NTj77LOji7rLy8tx7NixLlTG0CRAAiRAAl1JgJOKrqTP2CRAAiQQUAJix6g5c+bgwIED4R2j5s6dG1538dprr2nXXQS0y5RNAiRAAiQQgwAnFTHgsIoESIAESCA2AbmoW6y3WLhwIXbv3o1zzjkHixcvhji5mxcJkAAJkEDPIMBJRc8YZ/aSBEiABOJKQGw3m52dHV5Av2vXLnz++efIyMgIn3fBV6Piip7OSYAESKBbEOCkolsMA0WQAAmQQOIQGDx4MJYuXdrm1aji4mK+GpU4w8yekAAJkEBrAuoKc6/V3KoN8yRAAolFIEi/90HaQSVIWsUnOl56jx496pSVlTnjxo3z3TWqvb9R8dLaXh0m9kHSGs/PgQmr9toEjW17+0d7EuiuBLy+N/BJRes5FnMkQAIeBDrrcCiTOB7y2hTp/OjqhUNbNm3EKQU24tjwocjyzJ5oHPlq1ObNm8O7Rn3wwQfhXaOGDRuG9evXt3l6YRLHU6BSqPOjqxfubNko0tpkbcSx4aONMI8CW3F0fnT1HtI8i3R+dPXCqQ0bHn7nOTwsTCACPPwugQaTXSGBEyXAw+9WR9HJg6pkgZqX5e67aiPz8mAut61MSxu/vCx33+PdRuqNdxzRp7/+9a+49NJLsWDBgvCBet/97nfDp6Xv2bPH3eU2aanNT2ubBgaHL8a7jdQa7zhe/mWZ5OaXl+XiLvW2p41s39lt/LRKPe57Z2lzxxRpGVdo5eF3Kh3mg0qAh99112dI1EUCXUzA6zGmW5LuUCdha8PGxIfJ6w46P7p6W/2xodVEi63+6PTaiqP62bVrl7No0aLwq1FDhw51pk6d6hw4cMD9EWyT1mntTG5qf1SxNrR2Zn90enX9NdFqYmMSR6fVVhwTLTobE61CLy8SCAIBr+8NfFIR1CkidZOARQKef3Gw6J+uSMCEwGeffYatW7eGX4l64YUXkJ+fj3HjxuGqq66CeIWKFwmQAAmQQPcg4PW9gWsqusfYUAUJdGsCNt4nFh3U+dHVCx8m7yXr/OjqTbSa2NjQahLHVn90em3F8fMjzrzIzc3FtddeC7Et7UUXXRReezFy5EiInaPq6uoEjvCl0yqM/OJEXGjrTXyY2NjQahJH118TH8JGp9dWHJ0fXb2JVpM+m8SxYaPjKrTyIoEgE+CkIsijR+0kQAIkkKAExLa0M2bMwNGjR8OH6r3xxhu48MILee5Fgo43u0UCJBB8AicHvwvsAQmQAAmQQKISkDtHiYP1xF96xQ5Sc+fOxe9//3ucffbZEE8xhg8fnqjdZ79IgARIIDAE+KQiMENFoSRAAoJAkHZPCZLWILDt27dv+OnFzp07sX379vAvxIgRIyC2phWvR9XW1nbLXxJ+DuI3LEFjGz8S9EwCXU+Ak4quHwMqIAESaAeBIL2XHCStYgiCpLe8vBxz5sxp9XpURkZG+PUor7Mv2vERs24aJK5B+xwEja31DxcdkkA3IsBJRTcaDEohARIgARJoHwH5etSaNWtw4MCB8ELv0tJSnHPOOdi4cSPE5EPsKsWLBEiABEggvgS4pWx8+dI7CQSCAA+/4+F34oPqd5CYPLwr1odZtVHzXm1VGzUfq42fVtnm448/xltvvYXXXnsN77//PsTheldccUV4R6mZM2dqd35Stah5Gcd9V21kXmp128q0tPHLy3L3Pd5tpN54x5F96kgcP63St/vekTjSj+pDlse6yzZCK1/XikWKdUEi4LWlLNQDNrwOs1BtmCcBEkgsArrfe92hToKGDRsTHyYHSOn86Opt9ceGVhMttvqj02srjs6Prl4w0Wl1cxOH661cudIRB+uJz7o4aG/79u3OihUrhFnMy0SLzqY9WmOJ0cXR1QvfJjY6vSY+bNiY+NBpNemzSRwbNiZaY40/60igOxHw+t7AJxVBmhZSKwnEiYDnXxziFItuSaArCezYsQPbtm3DAw88EJaxaNGi8A5SPGCvK0eFsUmABIJGwOt7A9dUBG0UqZcEuoCAjYOfhGydH1298GGyMFPnR1dvotXExoZWkzi2+qPTayuOzo+uviOfA7H9rFzgPWvWLOEqfMDeGWecgcWLF0NMOo4dOxYuF/8x0aKz0XG1FUenwzSOTq+tODo/unrRH51Wkz6bxLFhY6JV6OVFAkElwElFUEeOukmABEiABE6YgFjgfdlll0UnGO4tat0TjL/97W8nHIMNSYAESKAnEeDhdz1ptNlXEiABEiCBNgTEBEM8wRA/9957L/7whz+EX5ESZ2CI6/DhwxgyZEj4p3fv3m3as4AESIAESADgmgp+CkiABOD1biSxkAAJALt37w4ftCfOvhCneN96662YOHEiBg4cCHEYHy8SIAES6IkEvL438PWnnvhJYJ+BpgZUryvEqKSk8BfqpKQcFJb8GtUNx2PTOVKLyhJ3u0GYuqwMtUeaXO2+QG3JpIhf6V/c05BTshduy5ZGTThUOQdpSWkYtWwnjrRURFKyfhJKar9oUxvvAhvvEwuNOj+6euHD5L1knR9dvYlWExsbWk3i2OqPTq+tODo/uvrO/ByILWlnzJgBcYr3rl278O1vfxtPPfUULrzwwuhBewsWLBCSfC8dV9HQpM86G129aRydXltxdH509aI/Oq0mfTaJY8PGRKvQy4sEgkqATyqCOnLU3QECx/Fh6X0YuvIreHTZPZicGQIaduCJ+6eh6IInsHfJaKR6eW96H6W3XY8Zf5+GzY/dhmGhXmiS7U6ej9+vyUWf8DT9U1QWjsOSjLV4OW8AzGbuYtIwFwOueRQN+B6KqjZiVubZLhWyfh8W1qxHXvpprrqOJ8VfHFatWgW5n3osj6qNLi986WzU+lhtYu1Lr/rR5WPFkQxUH7LcfVdtZF5qddvKtLTxy8ty9z3ebaTeeMeRfepIHD+t0rf73pE40o/q4y9/+Qtqamqwb9++8OLuiy++GGLhtzgT46KLLsIpp5wS/dxLrdKX+676VfNuW5lWbdS8tHPfVRs177aVelUbNe9uI9OqjZqXdu67aqPm3bYyLW38tEo79122kWVqXpa776qNmnfb+qVlG6GV51T4UWJ50Ah4PangORXdadNfaukcAo1vO2uzL3Oy177tNLoiNtasdbJDs52Kg+7SFoNwPTKdgopPWgodx2lTfrDCKQi1tWvVqE2m0TlYMdsJIdPJyrrMQdZyp+qwW4esn+isrTnWpnVHC7z2m3b7tLFHu/Cn86OrFz5M9nrX+dHVm2g1sbGh1SSOrf7o9NqKo/Ojq+9un4Nly5Y5ZWVl4fMvxO+S+MnPzw+X7d+/38pnlp8DQaDtpfvMiha6z5Ou3sSHiY2J1rY9ZAkJdE8CXt8bOKnonmNFVfEk4Pel369co6V5UhGKTlKa8+398t8yaXimfL2TFwo5WUWvO4ejsVvqu2JSEZXRDRJB+oc5SFrF0AZJb3fVevToUUcetjdu3LjwBCMjIyN8+J4oF/Xd/equbL24UasXFZaRQPwJeE0qzN7MCNozGeolgRgEmj56D7sb/Azqsfu9T33WPfi1EeUjcMOIS5CMJhyp24c9odPxcekdSIus2Uibugyl1Q1Gfk+6eBwWFOeiJn8BVld/Hitop9XZeJ9YiNX50dWbdljnR1dvotXURqfZhhYbPnQ6TftrQ4uJDxt6TeK010bsJDV48ODwOozNmzdj//79uOKKK/DGG2/gyiuvhNiutqCgAOXl5airq4t2o71xog1dCRs+XO58k7bi6Pzo6n0FKhU6P7p64c6WjSKNWRJIKAKcVCTUcLIzegKRL/16QzOLpvexecnj2JN3I3L6i3UOx/HRe/vQkNEPw6auQb3jwHEaUftAP7w+604sN5ok9EKf8fkoznsf+bN+jupWi8DNZNGKBEigexAQO0QNGDAAa9aswdGjR8M7SYk1F+7F3sXFxXjnnXdaHbrXPdRTBQmQAAmYE+CkwpwVLUlAIXAIe59dgBnv/gAbF14fWaR9GtLznofzm3kYHeoVsU9GSvp3kDNsP/LnlKLWe/un1r6TL8b4BfORV1OEWaurPHaDam3OHAmQQPcnIM/DELtJyacYd955Jz744AMsW7Ys/BTjtttug9i+tra2tvt3iApJgARIwEWAh9+5YDDZEwgkI6VvfwxCeQc7ewh7S+7F6LnAwsp7XRMIP7cp6JvRD9iwD3VHmpCeqp/PJ/e5HguKKzF0wgKsHrUet/u5ZjkJkEAgCYinGOInOzsb/fr1wze/+U388Y9/xG9/+1tMnTo13Kf8/HyMGTMmfC5GIDtJ0SRAAj2GACcVPWao2VFJIPmCSzA4JHPqPQ2DLzk39jawTQ3Y+cT9GF90MhZWPo68AZ4b0KqOTyAvX4O6HhNmleCKmY0n4INNSIAEgkJArMUQP1OmTMGKFSvCJ3uLszHEq1IvvPACxLa1n332Wfhkbx6+F5RRbdHJ7WRbWDCVmAT0fy5NzH6zVz2ZQEoaMgZ93mZBdvMC7n7I6JviS6ep4RXMuSYT33ixD4q3ekwomvaiJCcNaYWVONTKyxHU1byL0OQxGGLwlCLaNPoa1HI8vHJ7tJgJEiCBxCagvip14MCB8EneqampmDt3bvjwvWHDhmHx4sVtFn0nNpng9o6H3wV37KjcjAAPvzPjRKuEIhA5/G7GseiThughdrEOvzuyE8vGjkd+TS42/X45cvvINRNuOE04Uv0Exo59E5OjTzGacGTvBvz/9u4/xorrOuD42TWiCabYwT/CW+PGwnSXqGBVBVJFVM4GKkhUq0GL/F9sp4sju+lPW3RRgLpVBXbAVlNTV3ZULwqliuRGICr/QbBYYktBxTYoaWwFL0IRVvGuXbAcY6wGFHaq85azGe6bt/cu787bN/O+T0LzZubMued+5q395s2P+2f3vC5feaX+duOD32UNbnel3nX/IqNyrwxe4+B3OlDNZK/HHntsstV11+mvb+n/WbrzWRu6Me4822QJSHXgLKz5vOnfyyOPPCJnz54VHVDto48+ktdff126urqqN4VXKhW55ZZbRA9A7OX+jbnzFpeeujHufDrW3rsx7rzFpadujDufjrX3bow7b3HpqRvjzqdj7b0b485b3GTT9Db6nhcCZRBg8Lv8H9tLC0UR+Gg4GRocSHqvDFQlsji5/8m9ybGRixM9GB9vQpLKwFDyYfJ/yfDgvdVnztvgVu50PE43v5iMHNubPHn/4ivxlaR3YDAZGv5wInftG884FJdPJ3v7NZ+Nf3ExGRn6+1/X3/vNZO9QWAHPAAAS2ElEQVSk+WtbTC/Jet50en2zBocKaSfkufS+PL712vcYMTFqDaklRq3ajq/eWO348vjWh9TaTDdfvT7XkFp9MTrI3oYNG6rjYdj4GPp3rYPw7d27NxkeHtYUQZ9rX72+/oa248vjW6/t+GoNqSWknRgxIbVqvbwQKIJA1vcG7qkow+EifZi6wOxuWdm/vfqv3sad3f1yMOmfWD1Hn+r069mJ5bVvZkplaZ9s2K3/atdmL+mUOSsflxE9DMl6dX5G+gbfkGTQVv6P/Nful2TB3tMy1HeD/PipP5FNPxqRtd1zJr8fxDZnigACpRLQG77vvPNOefjhh6tjZOi9FydOnBC9J+PAgQOybt26an9XrFhRfcrUXXfdJfpo27lz55bKoZU7w1mKVt471BZDgHsqYiiSA4FmC/zqf+XnR5bIH33+NumUOfLbv/dZeeOVn8l7za6D9hBAoCUF9GBBDyD08bU2RoYeYCxevFjefPPN6kB8N910k6xdu3bivgweY5vvrkxfuphvS2RHYHoEOKiYHndaRSCiQKfMumGuzIqYkVQIIFAuARvpW58utWPHDkmSRIaHh0XHydCXPmGqp6dH9DrpQ4cOVcfKOHLkSPVpU+WSoDcIIJCXAJc/5SVLXgQQQAABBFpYoLu7W/SfjpOhL71kSgfie+KJJ6pnM2ysjOXLl0tvb291HA0dT+Pjjz9u4V5RGgIITJcABxXTJU+7CDQiMONWWbBiWF498Qvpq8yQ//7hEbnzC/fIpxvJWZBti3RdcpFq1d1fpHqpNf4frF4ypf9eeOGFanI9o3HmzBl5++23J+7NeP7556vrdIA+faTtokWLqpdU3X777aJnQ5r9KtLnoNk2tIdAswW4/KnZ4rSHQBSBT8vvf+V3ZM+qW6Sj41Oy7B9vk4fWLGiLm7SLdF1ykWrVj2WR6qXWKP8hyUySttUbwNP3ZuhlU/pFXi+b0kfW6k3getnUrFmzqvdnDAwMyL59+6oHI3rmI+9Xuta82yI/AghMLsCZisl9WItAiwrMlNv6npGR5JkWrY+yEECgrAK33npr9ZIpu2xKbwTXm7xPnz5dneqBhp7R2LZtm9ilU3qDuD6dSkcF1wMVXgggUD4BBr8r3z6lRwhMWUBvznz22Werj6N87rnnJt1eH1mZjvHNazJfjLt+sm10sC8d3Gsq21iHYm1j+Wzq5rV5q9Xi0lOLsWXuvC1PT90Ydz4da+/dGHfe4nRq9box7nx6G3vvxrjzFpeeujHufDrW3ltMvVotLj21bWyZO2/L01M3xp1Px9p7N8bmrVaLS08txpa587Y8PXVj3Pl0rL13Y9x5i9Op1evGuPPpbex9OuaDDz6Qu+++u/r0qZGRkeoBh15KpS89+6EHFzfeeKM8+uij8uKLL8r1119fXZfOYXndqcXUq9WN13nbxta587Y8PXVj3Pl0bL33to3WyuVa9ZRYXjQBBr8rwmgi1IjANAhkDWKTLiPGwE+az5fHt15zhAwg5cvjWx9Sa0hMjFpD2onVH1+9sdrx5fGt53OgArWvELeQmDw/B++//351ID4dkE8H6XvwwQcnBhVdvnx5dbC+3bt3JwcPHkx27txZ20lnia9WDff12bc+JEdITEitTveYRaBlBbK+N3CmomiHhtSLQA4Cmb845NAOKRFAAIEsAb186uzZs/Lee+/J0aNHq2c19u/fnxXKMgQQaAGBrO8N3KjdAjuGEhBodYH05U71ao0RE5Ij5MZMXx7feu1jjJgYtYbUEqNWbcdXb6x2fHl860Nqbaabr16fa0itITG+OkJyaIyv3ljtpPPoo231kqi+vr7qOBp6QJFer3VlvXy16ja+PL71ITlCYkJqzeojyxAoigAHFUXZU9SJAAIIIIAAAggggECLCnBQ0aI7hrIQQAABBBBAAAEEECiKAPdUFGVPUScCOQpkXRuZY3OkRgABBBBAAIECC2R9b+BMRYF3KKUj0CyBZl1zHNJOyHXJvjy+9eoaIyZGrSG1xKhV2/HVG6sdXx7f+pBam+nmq9fnGlJrSIyvjpAcGuOrN1Y7vjy+9SG1hvQ5pJ0YMT5XrZUXAkUW4ExFkfcetSMQSUB/cWCcinFMe6a80brztjw9dWNs3p6hn4619xZTb96Wp6d5b2P15t2O9amRdurVarnT00basTxuDluenroxNm+1pmPtvcXUm7fl6Wne21i9ebdjfWqknXq1Wu70tJF2LI+bw5ZPNrVttFbGqZhMinVFEsg6UyHuA3CznjvrxjCPAALlEvD93TfrOe4h7YQ8692Xx7de926MmBi1htQSo1Ztx1dvrHZ8eXzrQ2ptppuvXp9rSK0hMb46QnJojK/eWO348vjWh9Qa0ueQdmLE+Fy1Vl4IFEUg63sDZyqKdFhIrQjkJJD5i0NObTWaVi8hKMqvfUWqVfdLkeql1kb/kupvj219m0bWFMm1kX6ybXsIZH1v4J6K9tj39BKBhgRiXE+sBfjy+NaHdsKXx7c+pNbQGF/NMWqJkcNXZ2h/Y9QSkiNGvSHtxIrx1RujnRg5fHXyOagvFOJff2vWIFB8AQ4qir8P6QECCCCAAAIIIIAAAtMqwEHFtPLTOAIIIIAAAggggAACxRfgoKL4+5AeIIAAAggggAACCCAwrQLcqD2t/DSOQGsIZN1w1RqV1VZRpJsdi1SrShepXmqt/duItQTbWJLkQaC8AlnfGzhTUd79Tc8QiCYQcgNijJiQHCGd8uXxrdc2YsX46o3RTowcvjpjmvjq9a0PqTWk3pB2YsX4ao7RTowcvjpDXGPFhPQnRr0h7cSI0YM1XgiUWYAzFWXeu/QNgUAB/cWBwe/GsWygKqNz5215eurG2LwNzJWOtfcWU2/elqeneW9j9ebdjvWpkXbq1Wq509NG2rE8bg5bnp66MTZvtaZj7b3F1Ju35elp3ttYvXm3Y31qpJ16tVru9LSRdiyPm8OWTza1bbTWojwOe7L+sA4BFcg6U8Hgd0UZZYQ6EchRIGsQm3RzMQZ+0ny+PL71miNkAClfHt/6kFpDYmLUGtJOrP746o3Vji+Pbz2fAxWofYW4hcTwOcjH1uda2ypLEGhdgazvDZyp4IATAQSyf3HABQEEEEAAAQQQyBDIOlPBPRUZUCxCAIGrBWJcT6wZfXl86zVHyHXJvjy+9SG1hsTEqDWknVj98dUbqx1fHt96PgcqUPsKcQuJ4XOQj63PtbZVliBQLAEOKoq1v6gWAQQQQAABBBBAAIGWE+CgouV2CQUhgAACCCCAAAIIIFAsAe6pKNb+oloEchHIujYyl4ZIigACCLSpgF7+xNOf2nTnl7DbWd8bOFNRwh1NlxCILRByHXaMmJAcIdcl+/L41qtfjJgYtYbUEqNWbcdXb6x2fHl860Nqbaabr16fa0itITG+OkJyaIyv3ljt+PL41ofUGtLnkHZixWg9vBAoqwAHFWXds/QLAQQQQAABBBBAAIEmCXD5U5OgaQaBVhbQ05gMfje+h2ygKttf7rwtT0/dGJu3gbnSsfbeYurN2/L0NO9trN6827E+NdJOvVotd3raSDuWx81hy9NTN8bmrdZ0rL23mHrztjw9zXsbqzfvdqxPjbRTr1bLnZ420o7lcXPY8smmto3WyuVPk0mxrkgCWZc/Mfhd644rQmUI1AhcHnk1+e7A6kQHnan+6x1IBvcfS0Yu14ROaUHWIDbpBCEDZsWICckRMoCUL49vvfY9RkyMWkNqiVGrtuOrN1Y7vjy+9SG1NtPNV6/PNaTWkBhfHSE5NMZXb6x2fHl860NqDelzSDsxYnyuWisvBIoikPW9gcufinRYSK3tLTD2tuzf8g35rnxVjo1clCS5KCPbf0te+dOH5J9ePtc2NkX6pa9IteoHqEj1Umt+f/LY5mdLZgTKLMBBRZn3Ln0rlcDYqSH5zq4Fct/6e2VpZaaIzJTK59bL5q0LZM/Bn8r5UvW2fmd8N5HW37L5a4pUq+oUqV5qze/zjG1+tmRGoMwCHFSUee/StxIJjMmFM6fkjcpCuWOeHlDYa6bMu2OhyJ5Dcuz8mC1kigACCCCAAAIINFWAg4qmctMYAtcqcEnePX1KRuttPnpKTr97qd5aliOAAAIIIIAAArkK8PSnXHlJjkAsgXNyeOOXZNWe1TL01lZZOcd+DxiT84e3yKJVp2Tr8L9Jf/cnrqnBzKc4XFMmNkIAAQQQyBLQy8qKdL9KVh9YhoAJZH1vsG8mFsMUAQQQqBGINfCTL49vvRYWcr23L49vvbYTIyZGrSG1xKg1xDZWO748vvUhtTbTzVcvnwPdG7Uvn5tvvWaMYRvSTqyYWgWWIFAeAc5UlGdf0pNSC/xSTu66X3q2LLzmMxX6qwIvBBBAAIHpE0gSfRo4LwSKL5B1pmJG8btFDxBoB4HxG7Ir9bpacwN3beBk/zPL+o9DbYbWWEKt+e0HbPOxLZKrChSp3qLVms8njKwItIYAlz+1xn6gCgQ8Ap0ye/5CWVJzQ/aVG7iXLJT5s/lz9iCyGgEEEEAAAQRyEuBbSE6wpEUgtkDnwlXyUP8J2bLtBXnrgj4+9pKMvjYo27b8XAY2/rF089ccm5x8CCCAAAIIIBAowNeQQCjCEJh2gc7bZfXGp2XrvO/JZ3/zOuno+A3pWvuaLHnmO/LXvTdPe3kUgAACCCCAAALtK8CN2u277+k5AhMCRbsuebL7QyY61QJviuSqXEWql1rz+4Bjm49tkVzzESBrmQSyPs+cqSjTHqYvCCCAAAIIIIAAAghMgwAHFdOATpMIIIAAAggggAACCJRJgMufyrQ36QsCCCCAAAIIIIAAAjkLcPlTzsCkRwABBBBAAAEEEECgHQW4/Kkd9zp9RgABBBBAAAEEEEAgogAHFRExSYUAAggggAACCCCAQDsKcFDRjnudPiOAAAIIIIAAAgggEFGAg4qImKRCAAEEEEAAAQQQQKAdBTioaMe9Tp8RQAABBBBAoEkCY3Lh5EF5atP35OTYeJNjJ3fJmo5lsvHwuSbVQDMI5C/AI2XzN6YFBBBAAAEEEGhbgXNyeOOXZNVPviHDB/qlm59z2/aTUKaO80jZMu1N+oIAAggggAACCCCAQIsIcLzcIjuCMhBAAAEEEECgbAJXzlLsOC7y0nrpuW78kqerL3/SmGXSseZbsu/gt+WBrg7RX4E7vrhRdh9/R87rpVMPLBlf1vWAfPu1UblyFVUVa2z0Ndm9cc34+o4u+eLGXXL45PmyQdKfAghwUFGAnUSJCCCAAAIIIFBEgZtl5fYfyNDAUpHVgzJ8+ZhsX3lzdkde2in/fPgzsvnkZUkun5Ghz/9EvrZsvizadkru/tZxSZIP5cTWGfLk2m2y/51L1Rxj7+yTry9dL4fnPSYjlxNJkrfk2Z4j8tXeTbLvSkx2YyxFIL4ABxXxTcmIAAIIIIAAAghMTaDyNfnbzWule3anSGdFlv3hUqnIvbJ183r5XGWmiMyR7j9YIUtGj8qrw3om4py8vPNx2bXkEdn8VyukUv1GN0cW9W+Xf7/vqPz5zh8J5yumtguIbkyAg4rG/NgaAQQQQAABBBBovsD5n8rBPcel8rt3yLyrvs3Nlvk9C2R0zyE5dj59oVTzS6TF9hK46mPYXl2ntwgggAACCCCAQIsILFko8/UsxRRfoztWyQ16D8bEv09Kz/rvTzEL4Qg0LjCj8RRkQAABBBBAAAEEEGi+QEVWDx6WA/2LZOqHI82vlhbLLcBnsNz7l94hgAACCCCAQBkF5twla+7rkjeO/ExGr7rK6Rdy/Kl7pGPNronB9srYffrUegIcVLTePqEiBBBAAAEEECiNwPg9DuPd+aVcuPCrSD27WXr/cpN8+cDfyaanj1w5sDgvJ/ftkA1/I/Lk430MtBdJmjRhAhxUhDkRhQACCCCAAAIIXIPAJ2Thl78u37y0RXquWyDr/uPUVeNMXEPCiU06b1srT7/8tHzh3X+Qruv0voobpPc/58pfHPtXeXTpjRNxvEGgGQIdSZIk6Yayht1Or+c9AggggAACCCCAAAIItK9A1vECZyra9/NAzxFAAAEEEEAAAQQQiCLAQUUURpIggAACCCCAAAIIINC+AhxUtO++p+cIIIAAAggggAACCEQR4KAiCiNJEEAAAQQQQAABBBBoXwEOKtp339NzBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSiCHBQEYWRJAgggAACCCCAAAIItK8ABxXtu+/pOQIIIIAAAggggAACUQQ4qIjCSBIEEEAAAQQQQAABBNpXgIOK9t339BwBBBBAAAEEEEAAgSgCHFREYSQJAggggAACCCCAAALtK8BBRfvue3qOAAIIIIAAAggggEAUgRlZWTo6OrIWswwBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQqBGoOahIkqQmiAUIIIAAAggggAACCCCAQD0BLn+qJ8NyBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQCBL4f/VtEHoxbCIpAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>An ice sample is moved to a laboratory for analysis. The temperature of the sample is –20 °C.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the missing information for this decay.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>On the graph, sketch how the number of <strong>boron </strong>nuclei in the sample varies with time.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>After 4.3 × 10<sup>6</sup> years,</p>
<p><span class="mjpage mjpage__block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" alttext="\frac{{{\text{number of produced boron nuclei}}}}{{{\text{number of remaining beryllium nuclei}}}} = 7.">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>number of produced boron nuclei</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>number of remaining beryllium nuclei</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mn>7.</mn>
</math></span></p>
<p>Show that the half-life of beryllium-10 is 1.4 × 10<sup>6</sup> years.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Beryllium-10 is used to investigate ice samples from Antarctica. A sample of ice initially contains 7.6 × 10<sup>11</sup> atoms of beryllium-10. The present activity of the sample is 8.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> Bq.</p>
<p>Determine, in years, the age of the sample.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by thermal radiation.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss how the frequency of the radiation emitted by a black body can be used to estimate the temperature of the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the peak wavelength in the intensity of the radiation emitted by the ice sample.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The temperature in the laboratory is higher than the temperature of the ice sample. Describe <strong>one </strong>other energy transfer that occurs between the ice sample and the laboratory.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Hydrogen atoms in an ultraviolet (UV) lamp make transitions from the first excited state to the ground state. Photons are emitted and are incident on a photoelectric surface as shown.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-13_om_12.49.40.png" alt="M18/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/08"></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The photons cause the emission of electrons from the photoelectric surface. The work function of the photoelectric surface is 5.1 eV.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>The electric potential of the photoelectric surface is 0 V. The variable voltage is adjusted so that the collecting plate is at –1.2 V.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Show that the energy of photons from the UV lamp is about 10 eV.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, in J, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, with reference to conservation of energy, how the variable voltage source can be used to stop all emitted electrons from reaching the collecting plate.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The variable voltage can be adjusted so that no electrons reach the collecting plate. Write down the minimum value of the voltage for which no electrons reach the collecting plate.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>On the diagram, draw and label the equipotential lines at –0.4 V and –0.8 V.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>An electron is emitted from the photoelectric surface with kinetic energy 2.1 eV. Calculate the speed of the electron at the collecting plate.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Monochromatic light of very low intensity is incident on a metal surface. The light causes the emission of electrons almost instantaneously. Explain how this observation</span></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">In an experiment to demonstrate the photoelectric effect, light of wavelength 480 nm is incident on a metal surface.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The graph shows the variation of the current<em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi></math></em> in the ammeter with the potential <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>V</mi></math></em> of the cathode.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAsUAAAE2CAYAAACJJe8yAAAgAElEQVR4Ae2dT4gkV57f8+aTh8XggcRzWHfBsgfNxdrewTK2kj3UwTq0D6thMEweepsRgxgZ1tuFC3ZgZncajZRGyNYgsOiCbp2MIa9mW1C3vjTU0oc9FHUbNE2BEUIUBRJNU/zMLzIj82XkL9+LyBcvMiLyE9CqePH+fd/n9168nyJevhgIBwQgAAEIQAACEIAABPacwGDP20/zIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgIAuneDAYCP9gQB+gD9AH6AP0AfoAfYA+sA99oPj/AStOcTGSMAQgAAEIQAACEIAABPpGQJ3+4rG4YkUWExOGAAQgAAEIQAACEIBA1wlYfi9Ocdetin4IQAACEIAABCAAgUoEcIor4SIxBCAAAQhAAAIQgEAfCeAU99GqtAkCEIAABCAAAQhAoBIBnOJKuEgMAQhAAAIQgAAEINBHAjjFfbQqbYIABCAAAQhAAAIQqEQAp7gSLhJDAAIQgAAEIAABCPSRAE5xH61KmyAAAQhAAAIQgAAEKhHAKa6Ei8QQgAAEIAABCEAAAn0kgFPcR6vSJghAAAIQgAAEIACBSgRwiivhIjEEIAABCEAAAhCAQB8J4BT30aq0CQIQgAAEIAABCECgEgGc4kq4SAwBCEAAAhCAAAQg0EcCOMV9tCptggAEIAABCEAAAhCoRACnuBIuEkMAAhCAAAQgAAEI9JEATnEfrUqbIAABCEAAAhCAAAQqEcAproSLxBCAAAQgAAEIQAACfSSAU9xHq9ImCEAAAhCAAAQgAIFKBHCKK+EiMQQgAAEIQAACEIBAHwngFPfRqrQJAhCAAAQgAAEIQKASAZziSrhIDAEIQAACEIAABCDQRwI4xX20Km2CAAQgAAEIQAACEKhEAKe4Ei4SQwACEICAReDV2UQOBgPRSSX7dzCRs1dWyq/k9Ggk4+mXVmTpazcXJ3KodQ2P5fTqpnQ+EkIAAhDYRACneBMZrkMAAhCAQCUCM0d1KKPjL+Ryk596dSpHw7fl5OK7SmWvJv5OLk7elsEbIxkNX5ej069WowlBAAIQ2IIATvEW0MgCAQhAAALrBGZPi30O741cnR7L8PBELjY5zevFrl+5OZeTwwM5/Ox/y2eHQxnencqLmPLWa+AKBCCwhwRwivfQ6DQZAhCAQP0E5k9vNy6b0Bqv5WxyKIcn57Luw76Sy+k7MhiOZfLZkYzyZRijY5leXDly54714C2ZnF3OnhgPfI64k5VTCEAAAh4COMUeOERBAAIQgEBJAtnT26EMj07FdWFXcmdp3tiw3GHuFA+GMjqaysX1jcj1M5mMhjJYebKsa5JfX1y7eTGVu8PhBkd7pXYCEIAABLwEcIq9eIiEAAQgAIEyBGbrif3re7M0G38YlzvF7lPf+dPnwTsyvZz/ai9bk+w6watOchmtpIEABCBgEcAptqhwDQIQgAAEKhCYO68bHV4tapZm85Pk3Cl2HGApXsuXTriOs3WtgnSSQgACEJgTwCmmK0AAAhCAQByBMksnJLQVW9EBVkmFaze/l+nd15bbvuXrjud/Nzvccc0jNwQgsB8EcIr3w860EgIQgEAyArOlEwf+vYeDW7EVHOBM7eq1fMu39R/qzZdQeJ9UJ2s+BUMAAj0hgFPcE0PSDAhAAAK7IfCNnE3ekoG77ndNSJmt2FYd4FkR7rXr2U4TpuObL6Hwr2lek3V9IV9MxjLMnzjrzhdfXMj1WsLlhbWPlGR5RzI58+Va5ucMAhBoLwGc4vbaBmUQgAAEWk1g9uTW+YrdYJNz6NuKLW+i6wDnn8Jzrr34JznRPYk37W5RaglHXpf+nT9dXmz59lIuT38lo8Frcnf6e2PLOM0z12M65m7ZnEMAAl0kgFPcRauhGQIQgAAE4ghcTmU8KC75CO1koc79aLEdXJwAckMAAm0jgFPcNougBwIQgAAEdkQg4BRXfhq9o2ZQLQQgsBUBnOKtsJEJAhCAAAR6RyD7MeBg8xKNPH40kjfydcijI3l0drlhuUXvCNEgCPSaAE5xr83bzcZ98MEHC+F6XjW8yCyyklevu2UVw9vU5ZZXJn9ZbWXKqlp3KD3aZv2jLk5t7l9t1ra7vj//weD3/q1MX7xcDAe3P/z2/l/Knwy+J6PJs+zHeB988Fv5+7/5sYyH+snpb7L7S55eJ1frXx6f2yAUzoX84Q9/kN/85jd5MPsbylt3vFu5W7Ze94U1zo3fJuzWzTkEUhHAKU5FlnIhAAEIQKAjBF7Ki+m7MhzelZPzjR+ptttSYUmFNeHaha5evbi4yBxsdYw5IACBdASsMTrIq7Mi8zj+QgACEIAABLpP4EoupscyGhzK8emLLZZBfCnT8YEMxlO5DMDYZk799ttv5c6dO/LgwYNA6URDAAKxBKwxilMcS5X8EIAABCDQfgLX5zI9OpTBcCwfPQutC873QnY/MS0i2ZPiA1n/oMh6860Jdz3V6pXHjx/L7du3RZ1jDghAIC0Ba4ziFKdlTukBAu7as2LSzz//vHhpJZw6Hm0ruBeBEPe2cvPp0saF2pUyHm2L7rV24uNemtvik9Gz9cB5Jb6y5fqZ/ORPv79YUywy39t4+O5iHbIvvzXh5vXq32Le58+fZ8sm9K8V7+aNjS/NrVjpPFzUXkwWEx/SVqyLMAS2JWCNUZzibWmSDwIQgAAEOkAgf+pr/xhu8XW+bC/jgRxMziT/nMjN5TN5pE+X5z+kG44/ki8uyq1DtibcTbD0ybA+IWbZxCZCXIdA/QSsMYpTXD9nSoQABCAAgT0nYE24m5CoM8yyiU10uA6BNASsMYpTnIY1pZYk4HtVFvMKTquPzY8224ghrm3l5tNVR38JcfHFo83uayG7tJmbNeG6rcz7Q75sQnedcI883r3mnsfEt5lbSJvLgHMIxBCwxihOcQxR8kYTcG+AepN3b/Rlwq4AN69e94XLlN2UtjJa3LboOdpm9i1y8YWVmS9e44rxKfuXW9e+arOYu1xC8Sm5heoOxeuEG2rLw4cPsyfE+gM7N20d9y+3vKLWMtya6vuWNrduziGQigBOcSqylAsBCEAAAhBwCFgTrhOdnd6/fz/bgo3dJopkCEMgPQFrjPKkOD13aoAABCAAgT0jYE24LoInT55kP+ArLptw03AOAQikI2CNUZzidLwpuQQBfY236XBf/1lpUsejzaK+viylmKqt3Hy6tA2p+5OvfLQVe9Ey3FVu1oSbt0q/Vnfr1i2ZTqf5pbW/vnZr4pj4Lve3NVBcgMCWBKwxilO8JUyy1UPAd3OOuemrutj8aLNtHOLaVm4+XXX0lxAXXzza7L4WskubuVkTbt7Ke/fuyZtvvpkHzb++/hLiEopvM7eQNhMWFyGwBQFrjOIUbwGSLBCAAAQgAAEfAWvC1fT6dFi3X9OnxRwQgMDuCFhjFKd4d/agZghAAAIQ6CkBa8LV9cN6XdcTc0AAArslYI1RnOLd2mTva/e9Kkv5+lDBh8pHm909u8rNZ88y/SHU7ph4tNl9LWSXNnMrTri6w8SdO3dEd5wItSt1fJu5hbRl8PgPBGogUByjWiROcQ1gKWJ7Au4NUJ0K17EoE3ZrdvPqdV+4TNlNaSujxW2LnqNtZt8iF19YmfniNa4Yn7J/uXXtqzaLucslFJ+SW6juULxOuG5bxuNx9uO6fPs1K3/Z/mbldesKxZfhVlZL8V4bqjsUr9o4INAEAZziJihTBwQgAAEI7D0Bd8LNv1qnfzkgAIF2EHDHaK6IJ8U5Cf5CAAIQgAAEaiKQT7hff/314qt1NRVNMRCAQA0E8jHqFoVT7NLgvHECvldl7utAS1jqeLRZ1NeXpRRTtZWbT5e2IXV/8pWPtmIvWoa7yi2fcHUNsW7Bli+byFvma1fq/tjl/pbz4y8EYgnkY9QtB6fYpcF54wR8N+ddThoKAm12dwjZpa3cfLq0paF2pYxHm93XQnZpMzedcHX7Nf1rbb+Wsj91mVvIppt7CjEQqEYAp7gaL1JDAAIQgAAEtiKgE67+Y/u1rfCRCQLJCeAUJ0dMBRCAAAQgsO8EdKmETrj59mv7zoP2Q6CNBHCK22iVPdfkvirT14nuK8UyYRefm1ev+8Jlym5KWxktblv0HG0z+xa5+MLKzBevccX4lP3LrWtftVnMXS6h+JTcQnX74h88eJA5xQ8fPlx0IV/60P2qGF+mLE2TH8X0ZbjleYt1h8LFuqqGVRsHBJoggFPcBGXqqETAdwN0b+pWoanj0WZRX/+fjWKqtnLz6dI2pO5PvvLRVuxFy3DXuD19+jRziK0Jd9kq+pvLwj0PjQU3LecQiCFgjVF+aBdDlLwQgAAEIACBOQH9Qd3t27fl8ePHmWMMGAhAoL0EcIrbaxuUQQACEIBAhwnoOmLdek3/6WFNuB1uHtIh0DsC1hjlSXHvzNytBvlelflem2orU8ejze5LIe5t5ebT1UR/8nFDm93XQnZpE7dPPvkke0qsH+vQw5pw3Vb6+kOo3bHxbeLmMtHzkLZiesIQ2JaANUZxirelSb5aCPhugLucNLRxaLNNHLJLW7n5dGlLQ+1KGY82u6+F7NIWbvk6YvczztaE67YyZX/qCjeXR34esmmejr8QiCVgjVGc4liq5IcABCAAgb0lsOkzztaEu7eQaDgEWkjAGqM4xS00FJIgAAEIQKAbBPJ1xMXPOFsTbjdahEoI7AcBa4ziFO+H7VvbSvdVmb5OdF8plgm7DXPz6nVfuEzZTWkro8Vti56jbWbfIhdfWJn54jWuGJ+yf7l17as2i7nLJRSfkluobo3/2c9+lq0j1l0niul1wtVr+VGMt8J5Wv3r5i2Grbxu+lB8GW5ltaTQ5tbNOQRSEcApTkWWcrcmoDfnTYd7k7fSpI5Hm0V9fbIupmorN58ubUPq/uQrH23FXrQMt5Vbvo5Y/1qHNeG66Xzt0nQp47vc31yGnEMghoA1RnlSHEOUvBCAAAQgsHcE8v2IdceJTYc14W5Ky3UIQKB5AtYYxSlu3g7UCAEIQAACHSVQ3I94UzOsCXdTWq5DAALNE7DGKE5x83agRoeA7zVeyteHKiFUPtocQzmnXeXms2eZ/hBqd0w82pwOVjj1ca3E7fpCvpiMZTgYzD7DPBzLT44+lOtCfcvgjXz24X2ZjF+bpR8MZDieyL2jB/Jnt2+L7jrh02ZNuMuyw/cfX9laTkx8JW6u6Pl5TN0h7SFthhwuQWArAtYYxSneCiWZIAABCECgOwS+ktOj12UwOpbpxZWIvJTL01/JaPCa3J3+Xm6shtycy8nhUIbj38mzy5ciNy/kf/z0zzMH+X89/Ucrx8o1a8JdSUAAAhDYKQFrjOIU79QkVA4BCEAAAskJXE5lPDiQ8fRLp6q5o3x4IheGV3xzcSKHg5FMzmbPknUd8Z/98F/La4M/lqPTr5xy7FNrwrVTchUCENgFAWuM4hTvwhLUCQEIQAACOybgc4pv5Or0WIaDd2R6+Up0HfGdO3fk/n8dy+RgKIcn5/bTZadF1oTrRHMKAQjsmIA1RnGKd2yUfa/eXT+m51XDLj83r173hbepyy2vTP6y2sqUVbXuUHq0zfpHXZyK/a0Jm5a1YZu1NcGpaOMFt6tTGX1vIMOjU9EFFXos076Sv/3pj2Qw+FHmFD948EB+8IMfyG/+7ucyORjIweRM3nfuVzq5Wv+W5dXb35rgNkdS4DK76rZrlVu5drr5rba4dXMOgVQEcIpTkaVcCEAAAhDoEIFv5GzylgyG78r0xUtD9yu5nL4jg8E7cv/h/8kc3ouLC5FXZwun+JWRy71kTbhuPOcQgMBuCVhjlCfFu7UJtUMAAhCAQKMEXsqL6bsyHN6Vk/P8GXFRQO4U/yRziJ88eTJLgFNcBEUYAp0lgFPcWdMhHAIQgAAE4glcycX0WEaDQzk+feFdF/z/Tn8t/2zwL+U//7e/X1abOcWsKV4C4QwC3SWAU9xd2/VWubu2rNjIlHthal2h8tFWtMgs3FVuPnuW6Q+hdsfEo83uayG7VOJ2fS7To0MZDMfy0bPLzCHeZDP9Yd1fvf3v5V8M/rn89f/9w1JctovF64vdJzbl1wzWhLssKHz/8ZUd4hKKr8TNFT0/36U2Qw6XILAVAWuMsnxiK5RkggAEIACBzhC4+b1M7+pHON6Sydk3Qdn6+ebbf/ZD+e//4fsyHD+S8+ubbJ/i02N1qo/l9MrYw61QqjXhFpIQhAAEdkjAGqM4xTs0CFVDAAIQgEBqAvn2avYOEfpjOt12TbKnwAP5V++eZE95nz//R7m+mMrRaJiFdQIdjI7k0dnsKXNItTXhhvIQDwEINEfAGqM4xc3xpyaDgO81XspXdColVD7aDIN1mJvPnmX6Q6i/xMSjze5rIbvUzU0/0KET5XQ6zQTF2NSacN1WxpQd4hKKr5ub265Q3aH4kLZiXYQhsC0Ba4ziFG9Lk3y1EHBvgDpJuBNFmbArws2r133hMmU3pa2MFrcteo62mX2LXHxhZeaL17hifMr+5da1r9os5i6XUHyd3HQd8a1bt0T3JM7vH1W0FLXqhFs1f9n+VqyrargMt7JaclZ5+qpaiulVGwcEmiCAU9wEZeqAAAQgAIHOEbh3757oP3WO6zisCbeOcikDAhCoh4A1RnlSXA9bSoEABCAAgY4SyH5Yd/u26PKJug5rwq2rbMqBAATiCVhjFKc4nislRBDwvSrT12q+I3U82mz6Ie5t5ebTpS0NtStlPNrsvhaySx3c9MMcOjk+f/58TUSMza0J160gpuwQl1B8HdzcthTPY9oW0lasizAEtiVgjVGc4m1pkq8WAr4bYMyNVcXF5kebbeIQ17Zy8+mqo7+EuPji0Wb3tZBdYrl9+OGHKz+sK6rw2SykzZpw3fJjyg7VHYqP5ZZSe0iby5BzCMQQsMYoTnEMUfJCAAIQgEAnCXz99ddy+/Zt0aUTKQ5rwk1RD2VCAALbEbDGKE7xdizJBQEIQAACHSWgP6ar+4d1RRTWhFtMQxgCENgdAWuM4hTvzh7ULLKytVgRSMpXdFpXqHzfa7xQ3tTxaCv2llnYx93HrEx/8JUdmx9ttj1DXLflptuu6VPiTz/9dHPFJe4Rvj5hTbhuZb68oXbHxm/LLdefUntIW66BvxCIJWCNUZziWKrkjyLg3gD1RuvebMuE3crdvHrdFy5TdlPaymhx26LnaJvZt8jFF1ZmvniNK8an7F9uXfuqzWLucgnFb8Pt8ePH2Tpi3WnCrat4zwjVHYrXCdctP5TeTVvUUgyXKcstr5i+DLem+r6lza2bcwikIoBTnIos5UIAAhCAQOsJPH36NHOI9W/qw5pwU9dJ+RCAQHkC1hjlSXF5fqSEAAQgAIGOEsg/4axPips4rAm3iXqpAwIQKEfAGqM4xeXYkSoRAX2Nt+lwX/9ZaVLHo82ivr4spZiqrdx8urQNqfuTr3y0FXvRMlwHt3ynifwTznnpvrJj+4Q14eb1xpYdm7/L/c1lyDkEYghYYxSnOIYoeaMJ+G7OKScsFR4qH222ebvKzWfPMv0h1O6YeLTZfS1klzLcfDtNxNgspM2acN1Wpqw7pK0MN1dr8Tyl9pC2ohbCENiWgDVGcYq3pUk+CEAAAhBoPYH79+9nO03o0+ImD2vCbbJ+6oIABPwErDGKU+xnRiwEIAABCHSUgH6YQ7de0/XETR/WhNu0BuqDAAQ2E7DGKE7xZl7ENEDAfVWmr+Tc13Jlwq5EN69e94XLlN2UtjJa3LboOdpm9i1y8YWVmS9e44rxKfuXW9e+arOYu1xC8T5u+U4Tv/zlLxdmdMuu4x7hllfUqhOuL76Y3k2bWpuPW6juULzVLrdtoXjVxgGBJgjgFDdBmToqEfDdAN0bqVVo6ni0WdTX/2ejmKqt3Hy6tA2p+5OvfLQVe9EyvA2358+fZ1uvvffee8uCjDNf2Zo8Jt6acF0JMWXHautyf3MZcg6BGALWGOVJcQxR8kIAAhCAQKsI6FIJXTKhSyd2eVgT7i71UDcEILBKwBqjOMWrjAhBAAIQgEBHCeRbr+mP63Z9WBPurjVRPwQgsCRgjVGc4iUfznZAwPcab5evFxUF2uwOEbJLW7n5dGlLQ+1KGY82u6+F7OJys7ZeS2mzkDZrwnVbuUttLjdXU37eZm25Rv5CIJaANUZximOpkj+KgO/mvMsbszYKbbZpQ3ZpKzefLm1pqF0p49Fm97WQXVxu9+7dW9t6LaXNQtqsCddt5S61udxcTfl5m7XlGvkLgVgC1hjFKY6lSn4IQAACENgpgV1uvbap4daEuykt1yEAgeYJWGMUp7h5O1AjBCAAAQjURODx48fZThO640SbDmvCbZM+tEBg3wlYYxSneN97xY7b777G01d27mu7MmFXvptXr/vCZcpuSlsZLW5b9BxtM/sWufjCyswXr3HF+JT9y61rX7VZzF0uofif//znmUOsexLnYz6Uv6xNQ3WH4nXCDWkpxjelrUx/K6sl556nD3EJxbv3trxM/kIgBQGc4hRUKRMCEIAABBonkH+cYzqdNl53mQqtCbdMPtJAAALNELDGKE+Km2FPLRCAAAQgUBOBtuxF7GuONeH60hMHAQg0S8AaozjFzdqA2iAAAQhAIIJA7hA/ePAgopT0Wa0JN32t1AABCJQlYI1RnOKy9EiXhIBv/Zi73s6qPHU82izq62u1i6nays2nS9uQuj/5ykdbsRctwy433YtYv1an26/p+XbcXsrl6a9kdDCRXz/6fFmRcfbo1z+Rg8EgW7esE+js30gmZ9dZaldbMbs14bppfHk1Xcr47bgt1e9S21IFZxCII2CNUZziOKbkhgAEIACBBghYH+eoXu1LuXz2OxkPBzI4mMjZK18Jr+Ry+o4MhsdyenXjS2jGWROumZCLEIDATghYYxSneCemoFIIQAACEChLIHeI9Smxfsp5q+P6Qr6YjOVg/L58dnRYwim+lrPJSAaHJ3JR3SfOnipvpZNMEIBAIwRwihvBTCUQgAAEIFAnAV0/rA6xrife+ricyt3xIzm/fjl7Ahx6UnxzLieHQxkencrVFpVaE+4WxZAFAhBIRMAaozwpTgSbYssRcNe26XnVsFuLm1ev+8Lb1OWWVyZ/WW1lyqpadyg92mb9oy5Oxf7WhE3L2rDN2spwunPnzsIhLpM+bNP5soiDifzi/Q9cjCv3jA9+/TMZfW8gw9FI3sjXE98ayaOzS9EHx64WnVytfyEtxXhXjBvXZhum0OZy4BwCqQjgFKciS7kQgAAEIFA7Af18s05c9X6tbukU+9YU31ycyOFgKKPJM5n9rO5Grs8fyXj4lkzOvgm21Zpwg5lIAAEINEbAGqM8KW4MPxVBAAIQgEBZAvpRDp208q/Vlc0XTlfOKTbLqbCkwppwzTK5CAEI7ISANUZxindiCiqFAAQgAIFNBPKv1dXvEGuNEU6xfCnT8YEMxlO53CR+ft2acANZiIYABBokYI1RnOIGDUBV6wSK6+bcFCn3wtR6QuWjzbXG8ryr3Hz2LNMfQu2OiUfbsn/lDvGTJ0+yiz6u23FbOsWb9ym+kavTY/mjwZ/LycV3S3HZk+IDOTw5z9YV+7RZE+6yoPD9x1e2lhMTvx23pfqYukPaQ9qWKjiDQBwBa4ziFMcxJTcEIAABCNREIHeIdS1xumPpFPvWFMv1M5mMDpw1xfOPfgzflemLl0F51oQbzEQCCECgMQLWGMUpbgw/FUEAAhCAwCYC+mM6naTSOsRa+wan+HIq48FADiZnkn/T4+bymTzSPY3nu0sMxx/JFxflNmizJtxNbec6BCDQPAFrjOIUN28HanQI+F6VpXxFpxJC5aPNMZRz2lVuPnuW6Q+hdsfE77s23X9Y9yG2HGIf1zZzsyZcZxgF7z++dsf21zZzC2lzGXIOgRgC1hjFKY4hSt5oAu4NUCcBdyIoE3YFuHn1ui9cpuymtJXR4rZFz9E2s2+Riy+szHzxGleMT9m/3Lr2VZsy+PjjjxcOsWUDl1MxPiW3Yl1Vwzrh+rRb5ZXtb1beKnWV4VZWS/FeW4c2t27OIZCKAE5xKrKUCwEIQAAClQnkT4j1i3V9O6wJt29tpD0Q6DIBa4zypLjLFkU7BCAAgY4SyB3ie/fuybffftvRVmyWbU24m1MTAwEINE3AGqM4xU1bgfpWCOhrvE2H+zrQSpM6Hm0W9fVlKcVUbeXm06VtSN2ffOXvmzbXIX748GGxC62Eu8rNmnDdhvnalbo/drm/uQw5h0AMAWuM4hTHECVvNAHfzXmXk4Y2DG22eUN2aSs3ny5taahdKeP3SZvrEOsT4hiubeZmTbjuiIppd2x/bTO3kDaXIecQiCFgjVGc4hii5IUABCAAgdIEig5x6YwdTGhNuB1sBpIh0FsC1hjFKe6tuWkYBCAAgfYQ2CeHWKlbE257rIESCEDAGqM4xfSLnRLwvSrb5etFhYI2u2uE7NJWbj5d2tJQu1LG912bzyGO4dpmbtaE646omHbH9tc2cwtpcxlyDoEYAtYYxSmOIUreaALuDVAnCXeiKBN2Bbh59bovXKbsprSV0eK2Rc/RNrNvkYsvrMx88RpXjE/Zv9y6+qwt34c432XCbbfFvEp8Sm6x2nTCrdIWN20d9y+3vGJbynBrqu9b2ty6OYdAKgI4xanIUi4EIAABCKwR8D0hXkvcswvWhNuzJtIcCHSagDVGeVLcaZMiHgIQgEA7CeyzQ6wWsSbcdloKVRDYTwLWGMUp3s++0JpW62u8TYf7+s9KkzoebRb19WUpxVRt5ebTpW1I3Z985fdNm+sQx+xDHLJLm7lZE647Vnz9IdTu2Pg2cwtpcxlyDoEYAtYYxSmOIUreaAK+G+AuJw1tGNps84bs0lZuPl3a0lC7Usb3SZvrEMfuQxyyS5u5WROuO6JS9qcucwvZ1GXIOQRiCFhjFKc4hih5IQABCEBgQaDoEC8i9vDEmjwJj+gAACAASURBVHD3EANNhkBrCVhjFKe4teZCGAQgAIHuEMAhXrWVNeGupiAEAQjskoA1RnGKd2kR6l5ZoqCvE91XimXCLkI3r173hcuU7b7GK5Perc89r0OLW56eo21m3yIXX1iZ+eI1rhifsn+5dXVdm7vtWnENsdvO4liwmLvpQ/EpuYXqDsXrhFulLW7aIqdiOFR3KL4Mt6b6flGrauOAQBMEcIqboEwdlQj4boDFSaJYcOp4tBWJz8Ih7m3l5tOlLQu1K2V8l7XlDvGDBw9E1xAXj33lZk24LpuUXEL9ucv9zWXIOQRiCFhjlCfFMUTJCwEIQGCPCTx//lxu374tn3zyyR5TsJtuTbh2Sq5CAAK7IGCNUZziXViCOiEAAQh0nMDTp0+zvXhxiG1DWhOunZKrEIDALghYYxSneBeWoM4FAd9rvF2+XlSBaFuYaeUkZJe2cvPp0gaG2pUyvmvaXIc4JZeQXdrMzZpw3YEEN5fG8jxk02VKziAQR8AaozjFcUzJHUnAdwPc5aShzUKbbdyQXdrKzadLWxpqV8r4LmlzHWK4fW4PkhJftEvZn0J26VJ/2wiYCAhEEsApjgRIdghAAAL7TODx48fZkgl1jDn8BKwJ15+DWAhAoEkC1hjlSXGTFqAuCEAAAh0loGuHdRLBIS5nQGvCLZeTVBCAQBMErDGKU9wEeerYSMB9jaevE91XimXCbsFuXr3uC5cpuyltZbS4bdFztM3sW+TiCyszX7zGFeNT9i+3rrZrG4/HC4fY4uS2xT2vYxy65RXrTsmtWFfVsE64Pu1WeWX7m5W3Sl1luJXVUrRxHdrcujmHQCoCOMWpyFIuBCAAgR4S0H2H79+/n227dnFx0cMWpmuSNeGmq42SIQCBqgSsMcqT4qoUSQ8BCEBgDwioQ3zv3r3MIdZPOHNUI2BNuNVKIDUEIJCSgDVGcYpTEqdsCEAAAh0k8PXXX2cO8Z07dwSHeDsDWhPudiWRCwIQSEHAGqM4xSlIU2ZpArq2bdPhrpGz0qSOR5tFfX2tdjFVW7n5dGkbUvcnX/lt0qZOsH6lTp8S69PiNmmr0tc22/SlXJ7+SkYHE/n1o81bqoncyGcf3pfJ+LVsPbVOoMPxRKZnl3IzF+KzqTXhuvp9eTdrX5YQk7/LNl0S4AwCcQSsMYpTHMeU3BCAAAR6Q0DXDbsOcW8atmjIS7l89jsZDwcyOJjI2atFxPrJzbmcHA5lOP6dPLt8KXLzQk6PD2UwPJbTq9wtXs+WX7Em3DyOvxCAwO4JWGMUp3j3dkEBBCAAgZ0TKH6UY+eC6hZwfSFfTMZyMH5fPjs6DDrFNxcncjgYyeTseqFkdu11OTr9anFt04k14W5Ky3UIQKB5AtYYxSlu3g7UCAEIQKBVBJ48eZItEdC9iHt7XE7l7viRnF+/lMvpOwGn+EauTo9lOHhHppfO4+RXZzI5GMrhyfliCcUmXtaEuykt1yEAgeYJWGMUp7h5O1CjQ8Bd26bnVcNOUSt59bpbVjG8TV1ueWXyl9VWpqyqdYfSo23WP+ri1Ob+FdKmP6bTySH/KEcd/bHd/evVwin+xfurv2lY9odX8rc//ZEMBj9aOMUZl/d/IZODgRxMzuR9536l/Kx/y/Lq7W912CikrawNQ/1rG61u3ZxDIBUBnOJUZCkXAhCAQMcIuHsQ5w5xx5qwpdylU7x5TfE8jfmkeOYUO8+PTR3WhGsm5CIEILATAtYY5UnxTkxBpRCAAAR2R2C/9yDGKd5dz6NmCLSHAE5xe2yBkjkB9xVeEUrMlkNaVmx+tBUtMguHuLaVm09XHf0lxMUX36Q2d8s13Y841PYmtc162Op/6+e2dIp9W7K9OpvI9wd/sVg+kakqrCn2abMmXLdlvryaLmV8l23qMuQcAjEErDHKk+IYouSNJuC7OaecFFR4qHy02ebtKjefPcv0h1C7Y+Kb0qbLJHTLNf10sz4tzg+f9qa05VqKf+vXVs4p1p0mfjj449WdJi6nMh4sd5/wabMmXLdtvryaLmV8l23qMuQcAjEErDGKUxxDlLwQgAAEOkJgL3aYKGWLpVO8eU2xiCz2KdYdK27Yp7gUWxJBoDsEcIq7YyuUQgACEKiNgG61phOAOsYcG5zi7Cmw+yO6G7m+mMrRaLjcWWJ0JI+cL9r5WFoTri89cRCAQLMErDHKk+JmbUBtBQK+13gpXx+qjFD5aCsYax7sKjefPcv0h1C7Y+JTact/UHfr1i15/vy5bdDAWEilLRfTRm51aLMm3Lxc/RvT7tj8Xbapy5BzCMQQsMYoTnEMUfJGE3BvzjpJuBNFmbArwM2r133hMmU3pa2MFrcteo62mX2LXHxhZeaL17hifMr+5daVQpv+oE73INZ/H3/88aIpVjtdLcX4FNpyMcW6qobbrE0nXB9Xq605F/3r5i2Grbxu+lB8GW5ltaTQ5tbNOQRSEcApTkWWciEAAQi0iIA+FdYf1N27d2/lB3Utkth7KdaE2/tG00AIdIiANUZ5UtwhAyIVAhCAQIjAdDrN1sD2+pPNIQgtiLcm3BbIQgIEIDAnYI1RnGK6x04J6Gu8TYf7OtBKkzoebRb19de6xVRt5ebTpW1I3Z985dehTdcPb/pBna/uUNvr0FbsI264r9qsCbeudodsForvsk1dhpxDIIaANUZximOIkjeagO/mHDNZqrDY/GizzRvi2lZuPl119JcQF198rLZPP/00WyqhSyYuLi7WDOerO9T2WG0xdXdZmzXhuoZJyaXL3EL9zWXIOQRiCFhjFKc4hih5IQABCOyYgDrB+frh/At1O5ZE9SLZEhZAQAAC7SWAU9xe26AMAhCAQGUC7vph9wt1lQsiQ+0ErAm39kooEAIQ2JqANUZ5Urw1TjLWQcD3qmyXrxe1bWizLRyyS1u5+XRpS0PtShlfVZs6wA8ePFh8kKNN2oq9Zl+1WROuyyYll1B/rtrfXN2hsmPjQ9qKWghDYFsC1hjFKd6WJvlqIeDeAHWScCeKMmFXhJtXr/vCZcpuSlsZLW5b9BxtM/sWufjCyswXr3HF+JT9y62rijbdf/jNN9/Mlkzk64fdsuro+255VbSF6i7Gaz1uXVXDbdamE27VtpXtb1U5FdOX4VZWSwqbunVzDoFUBHCKU5GlXAhAAAINEHj69CnrhxvgXEcV1oRbR7mUAQEI1EPAGqM8Ka6HLaVAAAIQSErg8ePH7D+clHC9hVsTbr01UBoEIBBDwBqjOMUxRMkbTUBf42063FePVprU8WizqK8vSymmais3ny5tQ+r+5Cvfp013lMiXS+iTYuvwlR3bNp+22LJj87dZmzXhurZLabMQ1zZzC2lzGXIOgRgC1hjFKY4hSt5oAr4b4C4nDW0Y2mzzhuzSVm4+XdrSULtSxm/Sln+uWZ1iXUu86diFtlxLyrpDdtnErQ3arAk31xVqV+r4NnMLaXMZcg6BGALWGMUpjiFKXghAAAKJCLjLJdhuLRHkhMVaE27C6igaAhCoSMAaozjFFSGSHAIQgEBKArpc4t69e9kP6jYtl0hZP2XXQ8CacOspmVIgAIE6CFhjFKe4DrKUsTUB91WZvoZ1X8WWCbsVu3n1ui9cpuymtJXR4rZFz9E2s2+Riy+szHzxGleMT9m/3Lpybe5yiY8//nhRfRu05WIsLW5b3PM6xqFbXrHunFsbtemE69NebIubtg3ccqYhLcV4q11u20Lx7r3N1cA5BOomgFNcN1HKiybguwG6N1KrotTxaLOor//PRjFVW7n5dGkbUvcnX/m/+c1vxLdcwpc3tfY2c2uzNmvCdccKNnVpLM9DNl2m5AwCcQSsMcqT4jim5IYABCAQRUB/QMdyiSiErcxsTbitFIooCOwpAWuM4hTvaWeg2RCAwO4JPHnyhI9x7N4MSRRYE26SiigUAhDYioA1RnGKt0JJproI+F6V7fL1orYPbbaVQ3ZpKzefLm1pqF11xutuEg8ePMg+xjGdTr19rWltRau3iVuXtFkTrqu/zv7klpuf+8rvsk3z9vEXArEErDGKUxxLlfxRBHw3Z99NXStNHY8227Qh7m3l5tPVRH/KueU/prtz545cXFxkkNuizbI42iwqs2u5Ta0U1oTrpvPl1XQp47tsU5ch5xCIIWCNUZziGKLkhQAEIFCSgD4dzn9Mp0+J2Xu4JLiOJrMm3I42BdkQ6CUBa4ziFPfS1DQKAhBoEwH9MZ0+Gb59+7bok2KO/hOwJtz+t5oWQqA7BKwxilPcHfv1Uqn7Gk9fF7qvDMuEXShuXr3uC5cpuyltZbS4bdFztM3sW+TiCyszX7zGFePr6F+6Zlhvvm+99ZbohznyvunWtSttlpYih5TainVVDbdZm9rctXGZtpXtb2XK8tVdhltZLXkfytPXoS0vi78QSEkApzglXcqGAAQg4BBwt1rTXSY49ouANeHuFwFaC4F2E7DGKE+K220z1EEAAh0kkD8d1v2H86fDHWwGkiMIWBNuRHFkhQAEaiZgjVGc4pohUxwEILC/BPKnw3qzVceYo0UEri/ki8lYhoNBtpxlMBzLZHomlzebNb46m8hBnn7xdySTs+vNmeYx1oQbzEQCCECgMQLWGMUpbgw/FVkEdG3bpsNdE2elSR2PNov6+lrtYqq2cvPp0jbE9qf33nsvc7b06bA6x8XDV35qbb66Q23vh7bv5OLkbVFH+KNnl3IjL+Xy9Ffyp4M/lqPTr4qmmodfyf987y9kMDyW0yvbc/ZxtSZctyJf3pBNYuO7bFOXIecQiCFgjVGc4hii5IUABPaeAE+HO9AFbs7l5HAoB5MzeZXLnV8bHp3KVX5t5e+1nE1GMjg8kQvbJ15JXQxYE24xDWEIQGB3BKwxilO8O3tQMwQg0GECus9wvnb4/v37rB1usy2vTuVoeCDj6ZeOyoDTG3SanaKMU2vCNZJxCQIQ2BEBa4ziFO/IGFQLAQh0l4B+iS7fd5idJTpgx8upjAcbnOKDiZwtHh87bckc6YEMRyN5I19PPDqSR2e6/CJ8WBNuOBcpIACBpghYYxSnuCn61GMScNe26XnVsFuom1ev+8Lb1OWWVyZ/WW1lyqpadyg92mb9oyonfTr8ySefZGuH33zzzZWnw6Gy6o4va8PiWFAddWsplldWWxNaMm1zp/jf/PTYkXYtv/iPt2TgOMVuO357/y/lTwbfk9HkmejP6j744Lfy93/zYxkP35LJ2TcZwzy9Tq7Wvzw+t0Eo7IhbsVGeP4/XckJlxcbndRXrDoXr0ObWzTkEUhHAKU5FlnIhAIHeE3j69Gn2RTq+StdBU2/zpNhqZoUlFdaEaxXJNQhAYDcErDHKk+Ld2IJaIQCBjhDQfYZ1zbDeQB8/fiz6tJijYwRencnkYMPyiUo/pPtSpuMDGYynchlAYE24gSxEQwACDRKwxihOcYMGoKp1Au4rvmLsLrcsUi1oK1pkFg7Zpa3cfLq0ZcV2uT+k023WPvzwQxvI/GoxfzGxL76qtipla1pf3aH4Xmgzn/B+Ke/9u++LvfvEjVydHssfDf5cTi6+W+LOyjmQw5PzbF2xj6s14S4LirNJyGah+C7b1GXIOQRiCFhjFKc4hih5own4bs6+CUcrTh2PNtu8Ie5t5ebTVexPz58/X/shXajdMfFVtFlWiam72PZi+f3Qlu9TfFdOznUDthL7FF8/k5/86fcXa4rzPKPhuzJ98TLD5ONuTbguW1/ekE1i47tsU5ch5xCIIWCNUZziGKLkhQAEekXAXSrx4MGDlR/S9aqh+9iY63OZHh06P4g7lKNHz5ZftMvWHQ9W9jK+uXwmj5w8w/FH8sWFvatxEak14RbTEIYABHZHwBqjOMW7swc1QwACLSHgLpXQrdZ0yzUOCMQQsCbcmPLICwEI1EvAGqM4xfUyprSKBHyv8Xb5elGbgTbbmCG7tJXbJl26q4Q6wrdu3RLfnsOhdsfEb9KWWyCmbC0jJj/acius//VxtSZctwRf3libhfJ32aYuQ84hEEPAGqM4xTFEyRtNwL056yThThRlwq4AN69e94XLlN2UtjJa3LboOdpm9i1y8YWVmRuvP5x76623stfpuvfww4cPV+LdtKH+VIzXvG7+ULioLZTeLbtYdyhcpmy3/JTaqmoppm+zNp1wXY5F7VZYbZcfbl695oatvFXiy3DLdRTrDoXr0ObWzTkEUhHAKU5FlnIhAIHOENB1w/kHOHSrtT/84Q+d0Y7Q7hCwJtzuqEcpBPpPwBqjPCnuv91pIQQgIJLtLzydTrMPcOhyCd1hggMCqQhYE26quigXAhCoTsAaozjF1TmSo0YC+hpv0+G+DrTSpI5Hm0V99TWulaKN3HTd8A9+8IPMIVbH2DpS9ydf+T5mqtWXN3U82qzeMrvms4s14bol+fJiU5cU5xBIQ8AaozjFaVhTakkCvgl3l5OGykebbcSQXdrELf8Rnd78fvzjH3u/RhdqV8p4HzO1Qsq6Q+WjzR4HIW7WhOuWhE1dGsvzUH9bpuQMAnEErDGKUxzHlNwQgEALCeiWavmnmXX9sK4j5oBAkwSsCbfJ+qkLAhDwE7DGKE6xnxmxEIBAhwi4zjA/ouuQ4Xoo1Zpwe9hMmgSBzhKwxihOcWfN2Q/h7qsyfZ3ovlIsE3YpuHn1ui9cpuymtJXR4rZFz9E2s2/ORZ8E59urqTOsznGRqzLL0+f9IxRO2b/cuvdVW9FGVcMpuVXVUkyvE65ey49ivBXO0+pfN28xbOV104fiy3ArqyWFNrduziGQigBOcSqylLs1Ab05bzrcm7yVJnU82izq65N1MVWT3Irbq+new5sOny7Nk7o/+cpH2yar+e3SZm7WhOu20tcfUvfHNnMLaXMZcg6BGALWGOVJcQxR8kIAAjsh4DrDur2a/qCOAwJtImBNuG3ShxYI7DsBa4ziFO97r6D9EOgQAf3QRv7hDZzhDhluD6VaE+4eYqDJEGgtAWuM4hS31lz7Icz3qmyXrxeVPtrsPhiySwpu7g/o7t27t/HJsE+bT5e21Jc3dTza7L4W4t5mbtaE67aS/ubSWJ6HbLpMyRkE4ghYYxSnOI4puSMJ+G6Au5w0tFlos40bskud3FxnWH9A51szrGp92ny6QnlTx6PN7msh7m3mZk24bit9fTXU7tj4NnMLaXMZcg6BGALWGMUpjiFKXghAIAkB96Mb+W4SSSqiUAgkImBNuImqolgIQGALAtYYxSneAiRZIACB+gl8++238uTJE9G1wnqz0rXDuoaYAwJdJGBNuF1sB5oh0FcC1hjFKe6rtTvSLvdVmb5OdF8plgm7zXTz6nVfuEzZTWkro8Vti573Sdunn34qjx8/ltu3b8utW7ey8/wLdG67izatyk2ZueWVyZ+yf7la9lVbGRu4nIrpU3Ir1lU1rBOuT7tVXtn+ZuWtUlcZbmW1xI7LYltUGwcEmiCAU9wEZeqoRMB3A3Rv8lahqePRZlFf/5+NYqqy3HS98IMHD7Knwvp0WJ8SP3z4sFjcSjjG5j5dWklM2bH50bZi5pWAzy5t5mZNuG7DfO2K7U+h/G3mFtLmMuQcAjEErDHKk+IYouSFAAQqEdAlEsX1wuwxXAkhiTtCwJpwOyIdmRDYCwLWGMUp3gvT00gI7JZAvr+wLpHQf6wX3q09qD09AWvCTV8rNUAAAmUJWGMUp7gsPdIlIeB7VbbL14vaWLTZJg/ZJeeWPxXWfYX15qNLJHQnCb2+6QiVHROf69pF3VqnTzvaNlmlu9ysCddtpa8/hPpLbHyX+5vLkHMIxBCwxihOcQxR8kYT8N2cdzlpaMPQZps3ZBd1fPVJsD4R1puOnuv6YT1CeVPG++yJts9tYwfGAdw2c7MmXBdyyr4eskuXx4LLkHMIxBCwxihOcQxR8kIAAhkB3S1iOp0utlPLvzrneyoMOgj0mYA14fa5vbQNAl0jYI1RnOKuWRG9EGgJAWt5hG6tlm+n1hKZyIDATghYE+5OhFApBCBgErDGKE6xiYqLTRFwX+Pp60T3lWKZsKvTzavXfeEyZTelrYwWty16vittumXaL3/5y8VWarqv8Hg8lufPn2em2KW2EEdlVuQYCqfsX27d+6otZLNQfEpuobpD8Trhapr8CKV302oeX7hMWW7+Yvoy3HLdIS3F+GJdVcOqjQMCTRDAKW6CMnVAoGcE8ifC+Z7CeiPR89wR7llzaQ4EaiFgTbi1FEwhEIBALQSsMcqT4lrQUggE+kVAl0DoxzTynSP0R3PqCOuewqwT7petaU0aAtaEm6YmSoUABLYhYI1RnOJtSJIHAj0koE9+dU2wbp2mN4t8P2GeCPfQ2DSpBIEbub74B5mMX8vGg46J4Xgi07NLuSmR25pwS2QjCQQg0BABa4ziFDcEn2psAr71Y+6aOCt36vi+a9MPaujTYN1CTW8O+k+fDL/33nuicZuOEPe2cvPp0raG2pUyHm2bepvfLkm53ZzLX/3wj2Q4/p08u3wpcvNCTo8PZTA8ltOrmVvs6xPWhOu20pc3dX9Myi1yLIW0uQw5h0AMAWuM4hTHECUvBDpEQPcK1m3T1AnO9xDWp8K6jzDLIjpkSKQ2QuDm4kQOByOZnF0v6ptde12OTr9aXNt0Yk24m9JyHQIQaJ6ANUZxipu3AzVCIDkBdYD1KbA6vPm6YL0BuE4wW6clNwMVdJbAjVydHstw8I5ML18tW/HqTCYHQzk8OQ8uobAm3GVBnEEAArsmYI1RnOJdW2VP69fX8+q48S+egT79zZ8A5+uBdbDr02B9Kqxxui6YH8jt6WCj2VsQeCWX03dkYDrFAzmYnInjKpvlWxOumZCLEIDATghYYxSneCemoNL89b12Sv7BgD5AH6AP0AfyPsAMCYEmCGh/Kx6LK1ZkMTFhCNRNoM39Dm3bWbut3NqqSymjrW19rd9Piulv2/U3cvWLgDUOcIr7ZePOtcbqlG1pBNq2s0RbubVVl1JGW/v62quziRyYyye6v6aY/rZdfyNXvwhY4wCnuF827lxrrE7ZlkagbTtLtJVbW3UpZbS1r6+ZO01cTmU86P7uE/S37fobufpFwBoHOMX9snHnWmN1yrY0Am3bWaKt3NqqSymjrYV97eZcTg6HMhw/kvPrG3OfYp9qbOqjszmuzdw2qyamiwSsvoZT3EVL9kiz1Snb0jy0bWeJtnJrqy6ljLY29jX9ot1UjkbDzD5qo8HoSB714It29Lft+hu5+kXAGgc4xf2ycedaY3XKtjQCbdtZoq3c2qpLKaOtX30Nm25nz7Zz275V5GwjAeu+i1PcRkuhCQIQgAAEIAABCEAgGQGc4mRoKbg8AX0l+Q8yGb+2eCU5HH8kX1xceYq4kosvPpLxMN/H8zUZT6ZydvnSk6dfUTeXX8jx6HDlk7NWC2e/mM855X9XP1Vr5evvtZdyeforGR1M5Mz7tQX6mIg1Nicy9S4XuJazyWgxlnWSyf4Fefexx9GH/Fatzof7mZ8osXEEcIrj+JG7DgJXp3I0HMroaCoXKz9eeVemL2wnd/Yr8Ndk/NFTudTfu2QO4lCGR6fic6XrkNuGMm4un8pH2f9EhJzb+d6qw2M5vbppg/Qda3gpl89+N/ufqYCTtu99LDPU4odlv5Nn+j+cNy/k9PhQBt7+9KVMxwd7MxZ9HZo+5KMjUp0P9zM/UWJjCeAUxxIkfySBDRvizx3lw5NzWXflvpOLk7dlsOLUzK95J+tIqa3IPn+ycjCWyWdHMhqEnOL5U7vDE7lYB9mKFjUm4vpCvpiM5WD8vnx2dFjoP0UV+9zHlixmTstqH5td82xB9upMJgfl9u1d1tTHM/qQ36rb8OF+5mdKbCwBnOJYguRPQ8DrFH8lp0evy2A8lUun9tlrtbfl5OI752rfTr+U6d135eT8SiTbH3XVYVlrbf6kb0+eoK+1371wOZW72VZaL+Vy+k7AKd7nPpZDu5Gr02MZVvxYRdBpzovv/V/6kN/EW/DhfuZHSmw0AZziaIQUUD+BfDLe9DRq9nrWdooDTmL9YndXYhmnOPufi4EMRyN5I1/bWWELqd01LmXN87cTK28aivXRx0Q2vMXJngQP5GByJutLsvOxeyCj0evzdcW6NOrzvVrvP+tN9KHiqFoNb8GH+9kqQkK1E8Aprh0pBUYTuH4mk9FQhnen8sJ85b/FzTRaVAsLKOEUz57aDWU0eSbXWRNu5Pr8kYyHb8nk7JsWNqoJSTjF5Shv4xTPX4kP3P51Jecnd2U4+kjO9DcDe3Nwn/Kbujof7md+osTGE8ApjmdICXUSuPm9TO++tvxilFl29ZupWUzXL5Zwis0m7v0rSJxis1+sXdzGKV4rJLuwn0squE/ZvSG/WhOfvb+f5Tz5WwcBnOI6KFKGQWB+w8tf2Vt/C2uC5fpcpvoDqNGv5NS7tdr8xxaF/J1dU5w5t/lWadbfAxlPv1xnvK1TLPZktF5B26/kTpvFLL/2jkwviy/5yzjFPetjK6Ysz202pgoMt/khXdZXN/TjFW19CvS5D9Vhp7r49OV+VgdTyoglgFMcS5D8NRBYfjp1OJ5v/eQtdf6KdmWniflEv3LNW0j3I4NOcb6+s/Djw+zJyoHYO3t0H0u4BWWcYvqYcjSf8Gb9btN6//mPpwq7nczKKfTDsKE6noI+5DdgVT7cz/w8ia2DAE5xHRQpI4rAzYup3NWPcFRYczibZF+T8ck/ZWtl922f4gx40CkWkWx99oGzpnj+4Yrh5j2go4zZicxlnOLcIdzzPpa/ms527dANwUP7FN/I9dlHMnLXFM/zbP6NQCc6zVYiuU/5sVXmw/3MD5TYaAI4xdEIKSCOwPzJkrW8Qq9lSyTy173uzhJXcjE9ltEi3x7+wt10iuevEp2dFW4un8kjXZYyZxX+WmCcRdufe4NTnPF0d1Wgj82+aDeVo9Fw0X8Gxd1L1ri9lMuzz508pSoZFgAABgtJREFU+rXJf5h9mKf9naNmhfQhP9AQH+5nfn7E1k0Ap7huopQHAQhAAAIQgAAEINA5AjjFnTMZgiEAAQhAAAIQgAAE6iaAU1w3UcqDAAQgAAEIQAACEOgcAZzizpkMwRCAAAQgAAEIQAACdRPAKa6bKOVBAAIQgAAEIAABCHSOAE5x50yGYAhAAAIQgAAEIACBugngFNdNlPIgAAEIQAACEIAABDpHAKe4cyZDMAQgAAEIQAACEIBA3QRwiusmSnkQgAAEFgTyD8+8I9PLV4uri5Ob38v07msyKHwWeRF/dSpHw2Le/PO4m75KGIpflM4JBCAAAQg4BHCKHRicQgACEKibwKuziRwMXpej068KRd/I1emxDN1PIq+kmMcbDvPs87hDOTw5l5uVPCKSf5r56FSuinGEIQABCEBgIwGc4o1oiIAABCBQA4HsM8iGA5s7r3en8mLNs9V69RPob9iObxb3uvmEeeYwW054DW2hCAhAAAI9JoBT3GPj0jQIQKAFBF6dyeRgIMOVJ7ehp8QikuV7W04uvjMakecvxn8jZ5O3TGfZKIRLEIAABCDgEMApdmBwCgEIQKB+Al/KdHyw6qheP5PJaFhwlFdrzp74Do/l9Mp8jDxfJnEgo8kzuc6zZmuQjafSeTx/IQABCEBgIwGc4o1oiIAABCBQB4FrOZuMZLBwcF/Ki+m7MhwUn/K6dc1+LLf6dNmN1/N5OYty50+PF+FiesIQgAAEIOAjgFPso0McBCAAgWgC+Q4UI5mcXYtkT4kLT3iLdWTrjd8wfpxXSJg9Gc7XD+sa5Ne9T58LuQlCAAIQgIBDAKfYgcEpBCAAgRQEZj9+O5Dx9EIuTt6WwXDTdmrz2s2t2CxlszXE+kT5m4sTOfQ+fbbycw0CEIAABHICOMU5Cf5CAAIQSEUgc3IHcvDXR/JfhsPVdcBrdW7eim0tqe7Aps7w8F2ZvP+fVtctW4m5BgEIQAACGwngFG9EQwQEIACBmgjMt1/TG+5ybfGmsn1bsRl58g+AmHshG+m5BAEIQAACJgGcYhMLFyEAAQjUSWC23ncwKLEzhHcrNksTP7CzqHANAhCAQFUCOMVViZEeAhCAAAQgAAEIQKB3BHCKe2dSGgQBCEAAAhCAAAQgUJUATnFVYqSHAAQgAAEIQAACEOgdAZzi3pmUBkEAAhCAAAQgAAEIVCWAU1yVGOkhAAEIQAACEIAABHpHAKe4dyalQRCAAAQgAAEIQAACVQngFFclRnoIQAACEIAABCAAgd4RwCnunUlpEAQgAAEIQAACEIBAVQI4xVWJkR4CEIAABCAAAQhAoHcEcIp7Z1IaBAEIQAACEIAABCBQlQBOcVVipIcABCAAAQhAAAIQ6B0BnOLemZQGQQACEIAABCAAAQhUJYBTXJUY6SEAAQhAAAIQgAAEekcAp7h3JqVBEIAABCAAAQhAAAJVCeAUVyVGeghAAAIQgAAEIACB3hHAKe6dSWkQBCAAAQhAAAIQgEBVAjjFVYmRHgIQgAAEIAABCECgdwRwintnUhoEAQhAAAIQgAAEIFCVAE5xVWKkhwAEIAABCEAAAhDoHQGc4t6ZlAZBAAIQgAAEIAABCFQlgFNclRjpIQABCEAAAhCAAAR6RwCnuHcmpUEQgAAEIAABCEAAAlUJ4BRXJUZ6CEAAAhCAAAQgAIHeEcAp7p1JaRAEIAABCEAAAhCAQFUCOMVViZEeAhCAAAQgAAEIQKB3BHCKe2dSGgQBCEAAAhCAAAQgUJUATnFVYqSHAAQgAAEIQAACEOgdAZzi3pmUBkEAAhCAAAQgAAEIVCWAU1yVGOkhAAEIQAACEIAABHpHAKe4dyalQRCAAAQgAAEIQAACVQngFFclRnoIQAACEIAABCAAgd4RwCnunUlpEAQgAAEIQAACEIBAVQJBp1gT8A8G9AH6AH2APkAfoA/QB+gDfe8DRUd6ULxAGAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAvtGAKd43yxOeyEAAQhAAAIQgAAE1gjgFK8h4QIEIAABCEAAAhCAwL4RwCneN4vTXghAAAIQgAAEIACBNQL/HxKEbxo2537NAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></span></span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">does not support the wave nature of light.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">does support the photon nature of light.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate, in eV, the work function of the metal surface.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The intensity of the light incident on the surface is reduced by half without changing the wavelength. Draw, on the graph, the variation of the current <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi></math></em> with potential <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>V</mi></math></em> after this change.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A beam of electrons each of de Broglie wavelength 2.4 × 10<sup>–15</sup> m is incident on a thin film of silicon-30&nbsp; <span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\left( {{}_{14}^{30}{\text{Si}}} \right)">
  <mrow>
    <mo>(</mo>
    <mrow>
      <msubsup>
        <mrow>

        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mn>14</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mn>30</mn>
        </mrow>
      </msubsup>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>Si</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>)</mo>
  </mrow>
</math></span></span>. The variation in the electron intensity of the beam with scattering angle is shown.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Use the graph to show that the nuclear radius of silicon-30 is about 4 fm.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Estimate, using the result from (a)(i), the nuclear radius of thorium-232&nbsp;<span style="background-color:#ffffff;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\left( {{}_{90}^{232}{\text{Th}}} \right)">
  <mrow>
    <mo>(</mo>
    <mrow>
      <msubsup>
        <mrow>

        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mn>90</mn>
        </mrow>
        <mrow>
          <mn>232</mn>
        </mrow>
      </msubsup>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>Th</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mo>)</mo>
  </mrow>
</math></span>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> reason why a beam of electrons is better for investigating the size of a nucleus than a beam of alpha particles of the same energy.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why deviations from Rutherford scattering are observed when high-energy alpha particles are incident on nuclei.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iv.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A particular K meson has a quark structure <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\rm{\bar u}}">
  <mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mover>
          <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi>
          <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo>
        </mover>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mrow>
</math></span>s. State the charge, strangeness and baryon number for this meson.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The Feynman diagram shows the changes that occur during beta minus (β<sup>–</sup>) decay.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>Label the diagram by inserting the <strong>four</strong> missing particle symbols <strong>and</strong> the direction of the arrows for the decay particles.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>C-14 decay is used to estimate the age of an old dead tree. The activity of C-14 in the dead tree is determined to have <strong>fallen to</strong> 21% of its original value. C-14 has a half-life of 5700 years.</p>
<p>(i) Explain why the activity of C-14 in the dead tree decreases with time.</p>
<p>(ii) Calculate, in years, the age of the dead tree. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">In a classical model of the singly-ionized helium atom, a single electron orbits the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius <em>r</em>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block;" 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" width="249" height="248"></span></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Bohr model for hydrogen can be applied to the singly-ionized helium atom. In this model the radius<em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>r</mi></math></em>, in m, of the orbit of the electron is given by<em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>–</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></em>&nbsp;where <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>n</mi></math></em> is a positive integer.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Show that the speed <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi></math></em> of the electron with mass <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi></math></em>, is given by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>v</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi><msup><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></mfrac></msqrt></math>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Hence, deduce that the total energy of the electron is given by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>TOT</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>k</mi><msup><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mi>r</mi></mfrac></math>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">In this model the electron loses energy by emitting electromagnetic waves. Describe the predicted effect of this emission on the orbital radius of the electron.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Show that the de Broglie wavelength<em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi></math></em> of the electron in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math> state is  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></math> m.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The formula for the de Broglie wavelength of a particle is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>h</mi><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>v</mi></mrow></mfrac></math>.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Estimate for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math>, the ratio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>circumference</mi><mo> </mo><mi>of</mi><mo> </mo><mi>orbit</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>de</mi><mo> </mo><mi>Broglie</mi><mo> </mo><mi>wavelength</mi><mo> </mo><mi>of</mi><mo> </mo><mi>electron</mi></mrow></mfrac></math>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State your answer to one significant figure.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
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<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The description of the electron is different in the Schrodinger theory than in the Bohr model. Compare and contrast the description of the electron according to the Bohr model and to the Schrodinger theory.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
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