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<h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a group 2 metal which exists as a number of isotopes and forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the nuclear symbol notation, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_Z^AX">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</msubsup>
<mi>X</mi>
</math></span>, for magnesium-26.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Mass spectroscopic analysis of a sample of magnesium gave the following results:</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Calculate the relative atomic mass, <em>A</em><sub>r</sub>, of this sample of magnesium to two decimal places.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium burns in air to form a white compound, magnesium oxide. Formulate an equation for the reaction of magnesium oxide with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the trend in acid-base properties of the oxides of period 3, sodium to chlorine.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>In addition to magnesium oxide, magnesium forms another compound when burned in air. Suggest the formula of this compound</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the structure and bonding in solid magnesium oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed.</p>
<p>Deduce the half-equations for the reactions at each electrode when <strong>molten</strong> magnesium chloride is electrolysed, showing the state symbols of the products. The melting points of magnesium and magnesium chloride are 922 K and 987 K respectively.</p>
<p>Anode (positive electrode):</p>
<p>Cathode (negative electrode):</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{12}^{26}{\rm{Mg}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«Ar =»<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{24 \times 78.60 + 25 \times 10.11 + 26 \times 11.29}}{{100}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>78.60</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>25</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>10.11</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>11.29</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>100</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p>«= 24.3269 =» 24.33</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept data booklet value (24.31).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>MgO(s) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s)</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>MgO(s) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → Mg<sup><sub>2</sub>+</sup>(aq) + 2OH<sup>–</sup>(aq)</p>
<p><em>Accept</em> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>from basic to acidic</p>
<p>through amphoteric</p>
<p><em>Accept “alkali/alkaline” for “basic”. <br>Accept “oxides of Na and Mg: basic <strong>AND</strong> oxide of Al: amphoteric” for M1. <br>Accept “oxides of non-metals/Si to Cl acidic” for M2. <br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “become more acidic”</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub></p>
<p><em>Accept MgO<sub>2</sub>, Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, Mg(NOx)<sub>2</sub>, MgCO<sub>3</sub>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«3-D/giant» regularly repeating arrangement «of ions»<br><em><strong>OR <br></strong></em>lattice «of ions»<br><em>Accept “giant” for M1, unless “giant covalent” stated.</em></p>
<p>electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>electrostatic attraction between Mg<sup>2+</sup> and O<sup>2–</sup> ions<br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “ionic” without description.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Anode (positive electrode):<br></em>2Cl<sup>–</sup> → Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2e<sup>–</sup></p>
<p><em>Cathode (negative electrode):<br></em>Mg<sup>2+</sup> + 2e<sup>–</sup> → Mg(l)</p>
<p><em>Penalize missing/incorrect state symbols at Cl<sub>2</sub> and Mg once only.<br>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if equations are at wrong electrodes.<br>Accept Mg (g).</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> </span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion. Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and their chemical shifts in the </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo> </mo><mi>NMR</mi></math> <span class="fontstyle0">spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>6</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>5</mn></msup></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept condensed electron configuration.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Cl</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>more «electron–electron» repulsion ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>l</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">-</mo></msup></math> <strong>AND</strong> has an extra electron.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math> has a greater nuclear charge/number of protons/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub></math> «causing a stronger pull on the outer electrons» ✔</p>
<p>same number of shells<br><strong><em>OR</em></strong><br>same «outer» energy level<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>similar shielding ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«two major» isotopes «of atomic mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«diatomic» molecule composed of «two» chlorine-37 atoms ✔</p>
<p>chlorine-37 is the least abundant «isotope»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>low probability of two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Cl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>37</mn></mmultiscripts></math> «isotopes» occurring in a molecule ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>86</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>94</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi>HCl</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> is the limiting reactant ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept other valid methods of determining the limiting reactant in M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math></p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>–</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>277</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>22</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>697</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept methods employing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>oxidizing agent <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oxidation state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Mn</mi></math> changes from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math>/decreases ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>partially dissociates/ionizes «in water» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>ClO</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mo>[</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«free radical» substitution/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>chloroethane <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>–</mo><mi>Cl</mi></math> bond is weaker/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>324</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>–</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></math> bond/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>414</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>chloroethane <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>contains a polar bond ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “chloroethane <strong>AND</strong> polar”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>Cl</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>OH</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>OH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>Cl</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>Cl</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>NaOH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>OH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>NaCl</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept use of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">5</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math> and <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">5</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><msub><mi>C</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">6</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math> in the equation.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydroxide «ion»/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>OH</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"> / <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>OCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo mathvariant="italic">(</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">3</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mo mathvariant="italic">)</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn></math> «signals» ✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>ppm</mi><mo>»</mo></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>ppm</mi><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept any values in the ranges.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for two incorrect chemical shifts.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>45</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>58</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>64</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mo>%</mo><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>research «collaboration» for alternative technologies «to replace <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>technologies «developed»/data could be shared<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>political pressure/Montreal Protocol/governments passing legislations ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “collaboration”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept any reference to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math> as greenhouse gas or product of fossil fuel combustion.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept reference to specific measures, such as agreement on banning use/manufacture of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math>s.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates wrote the electron configuration of chlorine correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Only half of the candidates deduced that the chloride ion has a larger radius than the chlorine atom with a valid reason. Many candidates struggled with this question and decided that the extra electron in the chloride ion caused a greater attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Only about a third of the candidates identified the extra proton in the chlorine nucleus as the cause of the smaller atomic radius when compared to the sulfur atom, and only the stronger candidates also compared the shielding or the number of shells in the two atoms. Many candidates had a poor understanding of factors affecting atomic radius and could not explain the difference.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About 60% of the candidates recognized that the peaks at m/z 35 and 37 in the mass spectrum of chlorine are due to its isotopes. A few students wrote 'isomers' instead of 'isotopes'.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was the lowest scoring question on the paper, that was also left blank by 10% of the candidates. About 20% of the candidates identified the peak at m/z = 74 to be due to a molecule made up of two 37Cl atoms. And only very few candidates commented that the low abundance of the peak was due to the low abundance of the 37Cl isotope. A common incorrect answer was that chlorine has an isotope of mass number 74.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates were able to determine the number of moles of MnO<sub>2</sub> using the mass.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>It was pleasing that the majority of the candidates were able to determine the limiting reactant by using the stoichiometric ratio.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates were able to determine the amount of excess reactant. Some candidates who determined the limiting reactant in the previous part correctly, forgot to use the stoichiometric ratio in this part, and ended up with incorrect answers.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>60% of the candidates determined the volume of chlorine produced correctly. Some candidates made mistakes in the units when using PV = nRT and had a power of 10 error.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The majority of candidates were able to determine the oxidation states of Mn in the two compounds correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Less than half of the candidates were awarded the mark. Some did identify MnO2 as the oxidizing agent but did not give the explanation in terms of oxidation state as required in the question. Other candidates did not have an understanding of oxidizing and reducing agents. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A very well answered question - 80% of candidates understood what is meant by the term weak acid. Incorrect answers included 'acids that have high pH'.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates deduced the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid. Incorrect answers included H<sub>2</sub>O and HCl.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A well answered question. It was pleasing to see that 70% of the candidates were able to calculate [H<sup>+</sup>] from the given pH.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than half of the candidates identified the type of reaction between ethane and chlorine as a substitution reaction. A few candidates lost the marks for writing 'electrophilic substitution' or 'nucleophilic substitutions'.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a challenging question that was answered correctly by only 30% of the candidates. A variety of incorrect answers were seen such as 'chlorine is a halogen and hence it is reactive', and 'ethane is more reactive because it is an alkane'. For students who answered correctly, the polarity was the most frequently given reason.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates wrote the correct equation for the hydrolysis of chloroethane. Incorrect answers often included carbon dioxide and water as the products.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a highly discriminating question. Only 30% of the candidates were able to identify the hydroxide ion as the nucleophile in the hydrolysis of chloroethane. Incorrect answers included NaOH where the ion was not specified. 14% of the candidates left this question blank.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates were able to give the structural formula of ethoxyethane. Incorrect answers included methoxymethane, ketones and esters.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Nearly half of the candidates were able to identify the number of signals obtained in the 1H NMR spectrum of ethoxyethane, obtaining the first mark of this question. Many candidates were awarded the mark as 'error carried forward' from an incorrect structure of ethoxyethane. The second mark for this question required candidates to look up values of chemical shift from the data booklet. Nearly a third of the candidates were able to match the chemical environments of the hydrogen atoms in ethoxyethane to those listed in the data booklet successfully. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was the highest scoring question in the paper. The majority of candidates were able to calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>. Mistakes included incorrect rounding and arithmetic errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This nature of science question was well answered by half of the candidates. Some teachers commented that the wording was rather vague. Incorrect answers were mainly assuming that CFCs were related to the combustion of fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of propanone and propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>Pb</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Ni</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
<p>Label the diagram with the species in the equation.</p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest a metal that could replace nickel in a new half-cell and reverse the electron flow. Use section 25 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe the bonding in metals.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel alloys are used in aircraft gas turbines. Suggest a physical property altered by the addition of another metal to nickel.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>provides an alternative pathway/mechanism <em><strong>AND</strong></em> lower <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>E</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept description of how catalyst lowers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>E</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></math> (e.g. “reactants adsorb on surface «of catalyst»”, “reactant bonds weaken «when adsorbed»”).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>more/greater proportion of molecules with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi><mo>≥</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p>greater frequency/probability/chance of collisions «between the molecules»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>more collision per unit of time/second ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen bonding/bonds «and dipole–dipole and London/dispersion forces are present in» propan-2-ol ✔</p>
<p>dipole–dipole «and London/dispersion are present in» propanone ✔</p>
<p>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydrogen bonding/bonds stronger «than dipole–dipole »<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «sum of all» intermolecular forces stronger ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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Tm6qA7lnw+80M/MI582MjfZMQp9aisPjXal7QLiCfpnP/vZ5dBg1+Flwj7vxdtNBOjWXXfd7lvf+lbJY66l7pr3mfPMSuw0Z8cLvbKG7hrgGvoIr8D+ZcKacK65TMK5OLmyaOmDBd6naigwyuvFL35xWdCjmIT6PWSHH5zQa0GG8rxFP2O/pP4DW2gdPomP/Ic+9KGRoq/z4+fTnva0ApiyS4XP6pc2mUwZJ+WjERonC45yhjY+4YV/4PlwM17e9a537b75zW8Wea15OdRrPIjsRSbETeaHNv6TjSle6Oc555xT5o2dJXMCwDEnfAbLWYgeHu1O4dMuu+xSPvQ9Gc/6dYTXdqb33HPPUmbKll/dtUef3bT/+q//Kg9Q4lJOv/yh3Q8KcGXQvve975VDDm1xZjAJV3ZZjjrqqPKpkdw7EPH000+/wdgSGMLpXCE2AClLfOqKUAl5CN8BfBE69YbmBhW0iDnFgYxxQmP71re+tSgri5s/CMSIl9zMB4Ue+f7IRz5SFvj111+/yLv4JbnMC3MJSLjd7W5XFgWvJDM3EyrPAZW3v/3tC2BysvhUnfFgT+jJ3gn06h+S0z+8xDPHrtjp8kAAdPmId2Qyemw+yOeQxndp+mKMybkdLrvC7NjckwFzir/44ovLVyHsOqG3w7Xhhht2l156adFvBx54YOf4HnKVdU0Z8fLbmXbIsHRlexsA3P3v//5v+dfoqaeeWo6Iieypl83mOuusM/q+qrShu0EBLoNo0Lx/pmjYMVx55ZVFiAhHlDc7B0odPQFhAE2o+o6C4rfccsvyLzv5CWTqUVeEVzxaT+yQO8FGH6GcD8LU59/Q7jOWCY2pMbc7s2DBggIWXvGKVxQZiGwMjQf9/pB7c4hiBTodC+IeX6Qtzknn8Ypn1G7e8pS9eZb5ZS69613vKnWoxwIiz1Scsi688MKy8AB3zm4aksPL8Ex4xRVXdA94wAMKz3zE206X+NAJmxs2B4wxuQ/gsrEQ/SUkD87Ks8OVL4XY4brb3e7W/ed//me36qqrFm/Ovfa1ry2yk/wp25x3zE/irYFMLlZaaaWytlpflZ8HKfnMZ8cIAWof//jHy1yWf+hukIDrlFNOGb2v3nfffYvyD1iipAGuTTfddATALA4Er+8sHITh/ve/f/kafV2GcrKwyBvPqPfII48soCvlRhD75bf7ucUBiqLvyYFdLa8X2QYBC2y6Ysg9t3o4tdaSa3NAuOOOOxYgc8QRR4yA0JIUqPQobeEnP/nJsvtEub/xjW8s5SjfvOMe9rCHFf76F17m4lRarA5P3sbJAmDnekgusomv8R44//u//7ucjXbnO9+5GNLTVUvDvyHxar70JfMrgOszn/lMkQ16Sxo5eMlLXlLmg3//kpuddtqpzJEDDjig/EkFINt1112LuQDQHtlK2Xa1X/WqV43WQH+CAbb8m5tutCa++c1vLscE2cmWnwwKH/rQh3bPf/7zR3FDH5dBAa4onE9/+tNFYJ73vOcV4OVcKANMeQdwPfnJTy7CJu7ggw8uTwD9wZbGFoIwRUiAKDYmDth77GMf222//fZdLcRZgO9xj3t0Fp8ItfjmhsUBY0tGeIrFR5qzQ/PSl750BDyG1euFvdF/cm1uOd/IK4uTTz65xEUpL6S+4VXyo8U//r73vW+Zux6KxCtfyNbE0zAwZoGwUKh3Kk456mRMDnQxORiSC6+EkU36yiL3wAc+sPBu9dVX7770pS+NgPKQ+t/6ckMOkANyH8Blx3OTTTYpdlvm2Nprr13A1jOe8YyRLvNK0UONHShzzI7VtddeW175M5sQp1yhOQtcMdMhd7xXjAzx/YvYK3ymALHVzJymM+X3YXG7Y+7lHbobHOAyoNnhuuiii4pgETIoO4tjXimi5SwUjGn7jmJiYOv1BlpCFpsdhoZOVKfIPC0DeRFEgsOA0OF7UXzC+eb02QJskcRHfB6S1y/2QML0MddJG1J/+31JX8Xnmt0G+Tf2U5V59Pvss08BQ4DrJZdcUuaduedpWz2AEjtJQCLzd9x5pXw6IOBDWf0+Dek+sqmfrs1BPv1OOKQ+9/uij2TTP+Lo5/nmsm59/vOfLzLwpCc9qXvOc55T1i6vDj28fPSjHy2ACH/MD+neAAFT5rJ4Dzje9NjpyjxStgchMkXPh0766173ugK6zGMPSg7BPvbYY0v5oVO2Y3XYcbnmh+4GDbgY8f3oRz8qA+49s4HmfSF+8803Hylsk3QywMWY3ntsgkC45LXjlXOGCCT07h8adrmkEzbeeSdQvlcY8s4HYZpssnhNROGZeH1lOIR7fcuClkVNqL/ShtDHRfVBvynb2K/pryfpzBXhVJx548BUDzDKdq6XMjwdM3LHVw8x4iwM6JfGKUsd/KL6NoT4yKZQX4X8fJDNjF9AJjvc+aiDzRXzJICLfbO4zCFrFjCVezyyw2VTwvpmnmX9s+uVfyKmXK/lyZRy0Yp3zpZypbFvBey88TF/vbZMecK99967u/e97z1q09LM57mUZ9CAy4dqDSr7Gt93y4dKvf6A9AkHZ3JOBri8LvQNtggdQWLYS3nZgoXYbZ8S2AitMvkvf/nLZdFQZwRsLgnGdLTVRPfkg7/rrbfeCIyKH4onG8aecmJUCiiQD4qEHAyln5P1g1LlybfX68Y5rxSjfKciR/ilPK8iKGdP1OL8wy6A3WdbUrY2TcWhtzPmvDDlf/vb3x7c+OBXfMbGLsRaa61VZNPrVLopNoaTjeuQ4tjTAgTbbbddka2pyMsQaMmC8QzgYjRPV4kzb80l1+jckxmAy6vnq666arS2+RwWvebrDmjlQyu0trLXSrw3Qu94xzvKty2VST9ec8015cGMvVbySfOWyCvF1D0Eni+uD4MGXP6RZCAJmCdjT7ZAkwG2S0VAuEUBLmALwIqCR88eQpzzhvL05GnAURTS1ScE9uoFKHUtbjCGlqbPeaWI90NzGWvywbaBYge4gHcLO8UyZGd8eQrbtxP13/Ep4vBG/FQdvr397W8vZQFZdql9+07ZbEVyOjUlPtXy0dstM0bKdljjkJz+ZUwyBj6vxU5Hf/1TkZlEZNMYDd0FcG2zzTZFJofe337/Mj8DuJjbiKOb+KTXsmNHCojyGtDH6JnL2IXytoddlzzxynD8SOycyZYHmQULFnTspOUH1uxWm3feeFiPOXP4IQ95SHk4JYvzQR4HCbi83gOGAK4IFyGgsP2DDPgaZ4fLa0db0YSIQPIEjKB4lXjMMceU14leHbILQRdB9GrEU7QnighzfzIM/V6/88+zIQAu4x5FFTkQevVsQQMKgK08/ZGFITt9pyT18/Wvf32Rd68cMgeM/1Qd3gFCztsyf+wUOt4Fbz0NqxONsVgaB8Apa7XVViuGwEtTxmzOQwfhD2+nwUJJNv1DkU7K2AiXZnxmc98na5sdGQ++/uQ0H/rb54H5ac74rBU5cB6We34yfqBnw+UfwUJrpny+BNGXHzKkHHZYD37wg0t57smghya7ZPKax+YbPRn5I582L9h3xf65Aa7+6M3yewJkQAO4GM27h6iFPl8AHDmlehwbrj322KMgcIJAQJzb45gJf3ENCBMCcXe5y13KNr16CB3BBvp+9atflbonE+5Zzs5lbp4+DwlwGVuyoF/G3aLPOJRS8fT2spe9rOygkBUyMHSX+YYvPpVjYfPq2H3SpsIDvJWXc8wEYOQcoNgfMcjHczRLw1/5PCQp1x9plha0TaVPy5M2PCd/Pj/lH59k086WPxqIx4N49EN38x1wZa7405jjGhzxkHkm7Dv0dkV566bX0TYuXPflB604tCuvvPJIxsxN9NZLb3q8/fEvx+hMcqduZ/c5s1K8siZrT799c/1+8DtcBpMzoF4nOPeDwrXdKY5b1CtFtl+etNERIgKx1VZbFeFiw8Vmx9ETXi/mwEc06J3ay17CfRRhqWwe/ej3kABXFntKxrV/zuW1ck6ZN/aRgcjXkIc888KfU4BOc8FDhvipLuiZJ3jrgcU8NTeBBgcxmr+hEeLzVJ2nceXaLZtq+6Za1/Kmz4IIbHmNSDY9CDo7yQKov32/vNu4vOub74Arc4Qu4jNvct0fj8xb8pK5rQzX1tLJ5Ef8brvt1u2+++6FjhyiF8rL1+WlLA89vlAR2Uxb+20a0v2gAZfvuxGsDDrBuOCCC8r25jg2XD6P4V20996EhLcNutdee43O8lljjTWK/U795EBA7KD596K6I+xDEpxx+mJyDglwGUcy4InPWTYAhsXbzlaUS8L5MOa18jW3/IvJIk+JknvpU3Ho8Rfv/Ls3xu14/OpXv7rwOOlLo5y1Mf+WcqDxVNs3lb6sCFp8c5QGA3lA1Sd9nDUWmRxaf8fh8XwHXMbc+JONzEnXnPi+M7/ME7Q82uRNvjoPeuVcfvnl5ePV5M0DU11XyqhDRvVPecpTCthSn3LkGbobFOCa7sEiSFA7wYjQEppFKa4ImleZ9RZrhH662zfby9PvIQEuSsGfLuweAOJsE5xjQzainGb7mExn+zIPIt8MZ4FQ9pF9Bbq4eZM2oeGixB2t4iPTO+yww8geM7TjhNqlLAqd90oSePOpkTxxj1POXKEhg/X3E71G1P96oZsrfZmuds53wDVdfFxUOWSOJ2f+TexPGdZBMkcv9h1aO9V2sIf2pYd+Xye7b4BrMq78O45wAE+M/7zLjuLKQtPPip6w7bfffsXgED1Fj35RefplDOlen4cEuIwt76BAgNpp8pRHAMKQxm6cvpB3Lg8jdv4AUaCL8q3l3lxY0hxIej3P8FY9vPipOOXJE9DhwcnrSZ8uEZf6plLmbKbVV+chsaM777zzCs/0sfazuf0z0bYGuGaCqwvLNPfJVw2yrHnmqznWd5nL0iZL79MP7b4BrsWMKGHifaLHScX1QjBZNgJk0Vl33XULes8CsSjhm6yMIcWZiEMCXAxPjSWZyJhGJqJIhjR+S+pLfyEn//5KDnA5yye86dMtrtzMmeRFm+ukLS5/naZebZLva1/7WmkXA3z/WDZe0ofk9Ee/9Fe/w/ch9XGqfWmAa6ocmxp9ZC5yJ6z1Y7+0zEcADe18cw1wLWbEIxR2MRwCF8W/KEWNHrrvn1Ui33wULnwaEuCqlQmxoTzEGd8onsWI0+CS9LmeE67tbNnlAmyc/VPzZ1HzJoyRnws/U3bul5Q/5SREb4zMSZ/i8jrRGXqJn2p5KXe2hvhEB+mX6z7vh9bfccahAa5xuLT0NLWckTcyVof9kqUFkMk739wyAS4Mw2BKDRP7TjofVJv7KII+fRawDFo/PYOFDo0668FLe6SlLrQpd7LypKFVdt+JSzqljS5lqaPvkpY8/XTlyZf2CdEmX59euv5li7afLq3uZ9q3uPqlpd5+eVO9D99Sbz+/eK84GPDa9VNv7dPv6WpPv/52v3w5QL6dYA7U2OXyasvDR+bOTLeGvPEc2eLMEf821p5VVlml/GlGe8SHphC2nznJAWOYcRfW+sW1E9DpH/8un0zH9/MsKxOiq7WLVycfINwvP+naMZk8Sq/1fD9/8qGTP7o0dffp0YVHi6pPfOpEmzzCvkOXOidLF5e5hi7lajffdykrdP10eZQpRNN34pUhjHcf36dPvNAYzbRbJsClgTovXFTnxWcAIwTy8H3HkFX8ohR0mKw+ij2fp1CHuDAb85ST+pTnuu/EyYNW3X2XdDSMpdGoixfXd8rRJqH29F3apH3KyORcXH+1IX3rl6eM1Ikm7RI3mZMeP1n7J8uzuDhl6Is24o37vnfSvH+uMTTvp7lPH1w3N7c5YAzJg38ssXsEcvxTl3zkm6Iz2UN1Rx7VQ7b8K9nRLmy3nPtjbvDSmszN5Ggsn7KNofE07kL3tbfDRQ7z8eo6LdfR88JlddHV1gHXyky7tLHv6E10PLq+k4esestineg7fUjflYUG/aLWFGnqEfJ9pzzloFGGduV+Mvr0D428fadt0uRNWXWb+/SpU/2T8UN9vDIma494+dCoV9s2QzYAACAASURBVHlp42T02iQ97eu3Z7rvlwlw6ZzzrJxGe8UVV9ygbTqBhrD4y7hj/HUw8f0MlKN/fjnhdjLmGDzlOWTR64ETTjih0GGwNJ5Dg4lOWXZirrKSVtcpXz7B88xnPrNOGpWDRptPOumk0jahshdVnsNS9cGpvH2XdhEEnxdygjbeiFdH3+mnsnzwU519Jx+PX5RKTgJGK77v8P+e97znaAL006d6jzfqwQuCLaw9vjtFWNt8Eb5Oy7X88k7W3qm2p9GveA4Yc7JMdo27V4sOCha3PMZY/anHifU5/HPTTTctD02RO2HoVjzXWguWlgMZbzo1erkeY5+aWrBgQdl1nSxdHD0m5JfVqVt51hNrlC8buI/vl08nk9HMm366NpFjB3Y7Lb/v9Jsc06Ff/OIXy27egQceWMjE9Z32+Sero0PU2XfhhYcmp8A/4QlPGJUvre98uscOonMnJ5tPWRfe8IY3lLXs7LPPLuuPdkzGb8cpqddXEiZL12Zl4O3BBx/cb07Jg0Zb8cHDPnr3k62x2kE3OD/QMVAz7ZYJcOnYF77whXLuDoPivjMA6byFl01H7icbPB+4PPHEE4vgTCYsysMgfyc9/vjjiyAaFF58HDpxztrxSYPUmfSE6NTp9GlGtX2njbyyCD2AF0EQ13fivvKVrxQ653X1XcpCd+aZZxb7JnEEQRv7Tl1HH31099Of/rS0o5+evOrEN31RFl5I6zt12nHC28mEr0+/pHt14KGyHGLnFVLtvUZ0YKWF1yRy3/frr79+eeVTj9+S6m3ps5MD5CFzTeiYCIud77Idfvjhk8rkdPckbXD6tc+RUMwe9sxf8y7zbLL5O91taeXNPAfoH28fgAifD+vrFwe/kgG7nE41r/WTa3GOKIjeXNYWkz9lOR7BepHzGRelk61PzC7kmUwm6Wr9s5adddZZN2ie/quTt+ZYB2qQ18+A3vEovsYyWX3aaY5Yzz3on3POOUXHi5e37xxyfNxxx5WNi8nS0zZt0rYrr7yy1Luo/sITHtbUn7la16nNwKD132ZJ32kDGvWmTvTixfUdWoDMRopd+Jl2ywS4Zrpx/fINeu0xsfZ9+mW9r8t2Pd1uWctf1vzL2p+MhXZ4yqHYgCtPFcL63k4dmtqHLt/YWtb2tPwrlgNRypFLi4UnfeMMeNnpokgpOQqXAkQbOVpS60NXh8pSRsqKovUETwYd/umTJupD19ywOEAWvL5jn0fH0DnRRe7JQLz72kdHAUaRqeXNndSbsF9/4hP20zPXFhUuib6fnnoS9tOner+odiW+X17qTdhPT76E/fSp3qechFPNP1X6BrgWw7EMQsLFkC5VUspNONVCki/hVPMvK30mhfopOQurU/h9yNhnj9jMOLSSYvPxUvG1f9CDHlTyOEV8sqePZW1fy798OUAeIovCPMXusssuBXCxo/JJnew25UlUPk6exbnIW0L5gTqyw1t4Pak62JQsen3uX5OpZ0nlL67uljY7OUAWasDloNydd965yJlwgw02KCDLTjvTC/LnyBJnsZETAK0BroVjm7mVcGHK0l3V+mCy636pqTdhP71fRj99qvfTXd6S6p9TgKvfmQxKwn76st6n3ITLWl4/f8pN2E9f0n3yJVwS/XSnp15Cm6fKQw45pDvyyCM7p4Tze++9d1FqFF7iEm688cYlre1wTffIrJjyIg8JA3S8EjnooIOKHYoFzud1vMZnf4LWqwPhklzKTah810CX8++22WabArTYjQHzNbAjow3UL4nDcy/d+NeAa5999infOPXA51unW2yxRdExbEg92NE1vI/O+9btbAdcSxqRzIVFhf38fbp++nTf9+vr30+1vmXN369vusvrl9+/n9OAq9+Zdr98ORBhDeCyXc+Q8cMf/nB31FFHdR/60Ie6fffdt4CxO9/5zosFXBbP5obFAUCqBkVsCP2RxSIHFDEYZpuSc+uWBIgibwmV7aPZ/qji5H/lenXpA9VAXl4jKldbyGlzw+IAWagBl698AFYAlxDg8jDItgvIEhfg5Tu4cx1wDWs0h9+bBriGP8Yz1kPKLosYpQZw2ckAtHg7WRY/aY4JSHzCjTbaqOTxxKms5obFgcgHGYn3xw7j7V9XQJfXzf6ltdtuuxUDXemAFPoAMKF78f7V63NbgP0jHvGIYrujDK8Q/fPXP7XQJc+wONp6MxkHyERsuAAu8uUPG0L/eqOXGNTXYMs1nSQtrxQnK7vFNQ5MJwca4JpObs5wWRaw2s9wdUssPgsqwga4lsiueUcQ+QjYyi6T0L8IX/GKV5R/jwFL/slIhlZdddWyOD7+8Y8vtjg+Hs/mxl/iN9xww+5e97pXOVOLPZh8wJa/rp9++ullR0vZwFbqnndMn4cdHhLgqvX7ZNfzcHgH1eUGuObQcGbhSriim14vag1wrejRmH319xcMclvHAUdeJ/qL96677lpsagAo3qsegMoORLw4cub1Ifs/Z//4B6Jy610t99kdm31caS2abg4MCXBFty8qnG7etfKWLwca4Fq+/F6m2vqTcJkKm4bMDXBNAxPnURHkl4E7cMQBRa7FZWfqxz/+cTmf7rDDDiv/cn3pS19a7HEcKeFV9HnnnVeOlkhZAXB5hRiZlN5A1/wQrga45sc4D6GXDXDN4lHMgmQxOuOMM4ohsDhnGWWBsbBYZLKILc/uZHFTZ9vhWp6cH2ZdkScyHbmueyq97+v0dj0/OTCXARc9Tqajz4UeQPKHD6/K/SmgPUAMQ7Yb4JrF4+ifVtxXv/rV8prFaxSf7wGuTMhM1kzO5d2VLJDqbYBreXN/ePVFnhrgGt7YzmSP5jLgqmWd/ANb4tg4OivMa/U3velNRd+viIfqmRy3+Vh2A1yzeNTtbPEUio+wMihmv3LooYeOTuwO6DJJl7fLAqneBriWN/eHVx956vvh9bL1aLo5MATABUzR4c6mc1SKIyt8Ds0fS/KZmxWh46d7rOZ7eQ1wzWIJMMEALk89FqJLLrmk/FuLEbETlL/1rW+N0lbE008DXLNYeFrTGgfmCQfmOuDyhoIu9fHkLbfcsvxhxLchfSWB/vdQTb+vCB0/T0RouXWzAa7lxuplrwgAA74cLOqzFHa7nDfj1aOJKd3kzCRd9hoXX8KSABcjZyfN2/3yxJbztxK2c7gWz9+W2jjQOLBkDiwOcG222Wajs95yGKrzuVbUOVzRmfQ0fU13A1JHHHFE53BoZ9Np529/+9uRTkcXv2RuNIrZzIEGuGbz6PTaZrICU0L/5tpxxx3LBLXb5d9bmZR5GkJX+15xy3yrbHVyi3ql+M53vrN8X/HlL395A1zLzPFWQONA40CfA4sDXL7t6vuKDtYN0Eq4PA4+rfVv9CWwlQfjn/3sZ90Tn/jE0cG9+fYnWno8Oj1hv+/tfm5xoAGuOTReeSoCukxG4bHHHtvd9a53LcDLt8MoH3TLY7JGgWDhZIDL532OPvro8t28fOonu1vCtsM1h4SvNbVxYJZyYHGAy25RTp1fESfNByjVYR6I3/e+9xXd7ZR8X+jQDzZc9DpPj/cB2ywdgtasMTnQANeYjJoNZCZfwFQmrdBHep/+9KeXp6T11luvO/fcc2cF4AKqfN7nAx/4QAFeNdhqgGs2SFRrQ+PA3OfA4gCXh9BXvvKVow9aA13Lc4erBlqumYT4/ucmm2xSXnV66Pz2t789eoCOXs9D9dwfndaDmgMNcNXcmOPXJ598cnfPe96zAC9Pddddd115UsokNuGzVS1cVqcMZXKT7XD1AVb/frbtcIU/2UlcVv60/I0DQ+ZA5r95k7mzIvq7OMAFXNV+pgFXdqboXM699iW0q7XaaquVbz867iG8S7gi+NfqXH4caIBr+fF6xmuiAK+66qpis+DbdGuttVZ31llnjQ7Ry9ldAAUFsKwuClc5QwFcWTgm287X3+YbD5oMLJQBcz9gQbgi3GwCXHkDgRfRs8Lvf//73SMf+chi+uE8Rf84B8pq3q0o/q2IMZuvdTbANaCRB6jyJOWE4nvf+95lgjMcvfbaa0cT3ESnBJbVDQ1w4Yk+TaYI+4qx3S/851Tjxfzkhfli7KNLXK8IN5sAV/gRHeuUeN/8vN3tblc+1O48RXZaeIamD95XBP9ancuPAw1wLT9ez3hNwFYNGK6++upujz32KLYC66yzTnfKKaeU3S4NaTtcNxyO3/zmN+VJ9KKLLuouvPDCTth840GTgUXLAEBB53ANcHVFv+IHEMg266EPfWjRv49//OOLTgkQo39XFL9uqPlazPLiQANcy4vTK6CePEWdeeaZ3dprr90tWLCgADC2XSZ7dnKWdvJTLFEaQ3ilaCfwJje5SfE3velNy2tS/Wq+8aDJwPUyYH7c/OY37xy+7NqnxuiB+BWg5gq48U8/bdpvv/2KzVb+mVjbb8VYPuF0HAtB/0WX0rd0qTcN/nV429vetpyt5Z/adrXo2+bmNwca4Brw+FMAPGV45ZVXdi984QvL09a97nWv7qSTThqlBZhNlRVDA1x77rln4Q/ljUf+gNB840GTgetlYM011yzzQgjcAKHzDXAFWNYhwBVd++Uvf7nbcMMNCxjddttti62W9KV9qJ2qTm70s5sDDXDN7vFZptbl6ctkpxCEdrse8IAHlN2unXfeubvsssvKE5knsKm6oQEugNQiss0223TnnHNO+cOBPx0033jQZOCs7vOf/3yZC8Lb3OY28xJwRafWIb36+9//vpwQ72HNifF2tfIgG7AlT3PzmwMNcA14/G1hx5v0ABKbC5+N2Geffbpb3epW3T3ucY/uE5/4xMi2ayrsGBrgyitFgOu0004rC4zFpfnGgyYD18uABzbgk3mC1+7zbYerBlqugaqvfe1r5du2N7vZzbqtttqqu+KKK0avGfv0U9GvjXZ4HGiAa3hjusge9Se/XRwfSWWLscMOO3SXXnpp2QULSEMPqDmsT1wUTLbPhwa48t3HrbfeevQ033Y22u5Wk4GFMhDAtdJKK5XXihdccEF5kFuk0lkOCdP5L8XoNnovOo9NFh1I/4mj94S+g8hWzPcP7373u3cnnnhiSZMevxy636qYQxxogGsODdayNrUPuCgNBvSveMUryisCthnHHHNM2e2iZCiNfGoCLWUkTqgs10LOqzh2HYxF+wecLup+th182gDXwoW1gYzGi8lkYOiAK0BJSOfRg9F9uQbGfM3DVz38gcC3Gq+55poRyKrLWFad3fIPiwMNcA1rPBfbm1oRRKFEmdgWf8hDHlJOqd900027yy+/vOxuKfDiiy/unIocWnkb4GoL8mQLcosbtlwMHXB5mASohADW8ccfX3a76TxxbLX23Xff8kqVOcapp55a6PImoK9jF6uQW+K840ADXPNuyBd2mEIBnKJk/vCHP3SHHHJI2SJfY401Op+hoEi22267EnfYYYeVe3mArwAvJbYdrmEvtA1ItfElA0MHXPQancfr66qrrtrd//73L28C2PGtv/76xQTD+Yb++R3dKYxOrEHXQm3brhoHuq4BriYFIw5QGvw3vvGN7uEPf3jZ7fIXZ8agXhf6Z9KnPvWp0RNdlA0AJr29UmyLcgNmw5WBs88+e2TbyGjeQ9YQbLjsYgUkBWzp153udKcCrvw5ILauvt5hVysPncLaj5Rpu2gcmIQDDXBNwpT5GmXHi2OE6nr//fcvNgoUDsN6xqH+9nzeeeeNXikGpLUdruEutA1EtbElA0MFXB/5yEfKg2Z02S9+8YvyWbQcfuyB0zVTC59Iy4OmHa0abLlurnFgcRxogGtx3JlnaRSGJzz/yBF6lQhI5XRpIcVzxzvesdh1oc+/d6S1Ha62MDdwNlwZGCLgorfscNFldrmuuuqq7kEPelDZ1Y/uo/PoNq8TPYzSjcAW4JWdsYTzbMlo3Z0iBxrgmiLDhkxOgQBQvHOoKBo+T3gBVeJ8KujnP/95UTiUT3ulONyFtoGoNrZD3eGi04477rii1n/3u991m2++edFl4mvd59+Idvhf9rKXFcAFdAFZzTUOTIUDDXBNhVsDp/WUl6c2/8ZxIKozqe5whzuMbBkoonj2XQ5RlYdyajtcbWFu4Gy4MjDUHa5jjz22HH/z7Gc/e2Sv6iGTnqPT2K4+4QlP6I466qjyShHQyo7YwJeE1r1p5kADXNPM0LlcXBRJlImnOGDKWV2f/vSnyyvGlVdeuYCrPAFuscUWRVnlg7btHK7hLrgNTM3vsR0i4PKg+NGPfrR78YtfPNrJB7bsZrHZci6hfyPmNWJeHSacy/q+tX35c6ABruXP81lbI6DFAVkBXa69MuS9arz66qu7U045pXvOc57T3frWty5G9bvsskt7pdi+udi+OTlwGRgi4LrlLW/ZPexhD+uEvAfIk046qXxjlg6MLuxf05PRl7NWobeGzToONMA164ZkxTUoT20JA7qE8XnSA8B+/etfF+W05557lifC9kpxfu+AtB2wYY//EAGXHa5HP/rR5XXhZZddVnay6Dr6ja6L3gO86EX3XHTkitPWrea5yIEGuObiqM2SNlM6UUTNaH7yxdYiFd8AyeQ8anxZfnzpf4R7KrwfIuCit0444YSRHpslqrU1Y6AcaIBroAO7PLrVANfUFsr+YtfuP18O0mx8mBk+AFMB+0L3eJ0w1+OCrga4lodWbXUMmQMNcA15dGe4bw1wLR5wWdB8HiTefb0AtuuFu3+NF9PPC3L3uc99buQDsM4444wR8BoXbKFrgGuGFWorfvAcaIBr8EM8cx1sgGvxgGsqi1mjbbxcnjIAfAWAjVtvA1wzp0tbyfODAw1wzY9xnpFe1oCrfdrnhq9rDj/88G7nnXcufqedduqc8/OsZz1rgk96C6/nU+PD9PGBrD3zmc/syJ5rvH3DG94w2qlqgGv18u9qNlyM4emz5hoHZpIDDXDNJHcHXjYFlX/tNMB1PeDKLoDFbK+99hqdWebcMjyqff5o0MLrP3ze+DC9fCBrzpNyrhTeOivPsQdeNZJPsjru7ha6yLbrIX28GuBqYGvgi9Us6V4DXLNkIOZiMxrgmvgaLIuYsAZc97vf/bpdd921nF3m/LJ4O17NNx7MlAyQM3Jnd8v3AR2B4NM1UwVaAWUNcM1FLd3aPJs40ADXbBqNOdaWBriWDLjsbO22226jj93mXJ+EjtVovvFgJmQgZ0kp+zWveU3ZXd1ss81GO1wBUuOGDXDNMQXdmjvrONAA16wbkrnToAa4bgi4LF52t4R77713WeR23333MqgWwNnsjOeS/Gxu/3S3bUm8kD6bHVAfIHfAAQeUbwPa4cq/ZscFWqFrgGs2j3Zr21zgQANcc2GUZmkbLTjNhmsh6ArQygIVwPXc5z63jOBsX6DnOsCY7mky1/mR+Smsd7jyyjtyOm7YANd0S1grb75xoAGu+Tbi09jfKHRFNqP5hTtbWcAa4JpGYVsBRTXAtfBhgkw3wLXwkz6RjRUglq3KOcyBBrjm8OCt6KY3wDVxQWo7XCtaIqe3/iyqiwunt8bpLS3zU9h2uF5TePDqV796FK6++sJjIfBoHBfby4Tj5Gk0jQPhQANc4cQ8Dn2k9dJLLy22R+eff36x42H7sSQXhY6u7XDN/R2uLCLCH/7wh90XvvCF7sILL5xg17UkmRhSOvnmzYVrr7222D6de+65ozObxl2kVxRPMj+NZwNc0we42GL+6U9/6j772c92kQdjPI7OXFGy0OqdHRxogGt2jMMKaQVFDGwJHYjoH3VPe9rTyj/qxllMotA1vgGuYQAuY2pB2WOPPcoxAvvss09ZSMgIP9/c3/72twK6TjvttCLj6623XvfnP/+5xM0FfmSONsA1PYAroOq73/1u0Zd2yehQ8ePozPk2f1p/J3KgAa6J/JhXdxYMikJ4yCGHlAV22223HT3VL4kZUeboGuCa+4Ar40keXvCCF5QFZb/99ivyMRfAxZLkdarp+JFF9PTTTy/zY6211uqAMIvsXHAZ0wa4pgdw4Sed+b3vfa/IwxprrFHkwfyYj3NkLsyB2dTGBrhm02isgLZk4TjooIPKadR2uCiVcY4wiDLX7Aa45j7gyqJh7J///OeXBWX//fefcIbYChDRFVqlxRU/HKVgB9ghtn/961/nzOKaOdoA1/QALnOETNjhcoL/mmuuWe7JBF431ziwOA40wLU47gw8jeKIQn7Tm95UFthtttlmFLek7icvuga45j7gyngK8w/LF73oRUUexPHzyWV+6DPA5fM46667bgFcc4Uf2gkkNMA1fYALT+1wkQevFPFXHHlprnFgcRxogGtx3JkHaRQFB3B5gvdKkUt8uVnEDxrKhmuAa+4DLuOYMfVK0Zh6pZi4cWRiEaIyZ6PTZ4ALP9Zee+3yCinxs71jGbsGuKYHcOEnf8EFF4wAV+bNXJGJ2S6zQ25fA1xDHt0x+hYl0QBXN9rV2XrrrUenxedMrXHCuX4sBHEhD0B0A1zXT57Mjwa42jlcmR9kogGuMRaXRnIDDjTAdQOWzK+ILCgNcDXARfIb4Jo4/zM/GuBqgCvzowGuiXOk3Y3PgQa4xufVICmzoDTA1QAXAW+Aa+I0z/xogKsBrsyPBrgmzpF2Nz4HGuAan1eDpMyC0gBXA1wEvAGuidM886MBrga4Mj8a4Jo4R9rd+BxogGt8Xg2SMgtKA1wNcBHwBrgmTvPMjwa4GuDK/GiAa+IcaXfjc6ABrvF5NUjKLCgNcDXARcAb4Jo4zTM/GuBqgCvzowGuiXOk3Y3PgQa4xufVICmzoDTA1QAXAW+Aa+I0z/xogKsBrsyPBrgmzpF2Nz4HGuAan1eDpMyC0gBXA1wEvAGuidM886MBrga4Mj8a4Jo4R9rd+BxogGt8Xg2SMgtKA1wNcBHwBrgmTvPMjwa4GuDK/GiAa+IcaXfjc6ABrvF5NUjKLCgNcDXARcAb4Jo4zTM/GuBqgCvzowGuiXOk3Y3PgQa4xufVICmzoDTA1QAXAW+Aa+I0z/xogKsBrsyPBrgmzpF2Nz4HGuAan1eDpMyC0gBXA1wEvAGuidM886MBrga4Mj8a4Jo4R9rd+BxogGt8Xg2SMgtKA1wNcBHwBrgmTvPMjwa4GuDK/GiAa+IcaXfjc6ABrvF5NUjKLCgNcDXARcAb4Jo4zTM/GuBqgCvzowGuiXOk3Y3PgQa4xufVICmzoCwN4PrXv/7V8cq48Y1vXPxBBx3UffCDH+w+9KEPLdFvtNFGJc9rXvOaUsbyZrB2137vvffubnSjG3Vbb7119/nPf74766yzpuT7eVLec5/73NK18HpR/azbkutF0c5UvHqN6Qte8ILCi/32228EwpbU/plq04osN32eDYArMrG4sOZV6IynOUa2N9tssyLbfVkdR9bPPvvs0by45S1vWcr77ne/O2EO1fVPx3X6kHCyMv/85z93q6yyStEl5FVfX/3qV5fQde0TL1x99dVLnhNOOGFs/ZN2XHDBBSWvMrjET9a+Ftc4EA40wBVOzNOQouCWBXBR6ADXTW5yk25pANcBBxywQrgfJZnwhS98YekHwDXOAtSnsYhZlBIPcOFLA1wrZHinpdLMj7kMuPQBwFhWwEWu8UG40korFdmebYBr33337eiTRYGuBrimZVq0QpaSAw1wLSXjhpItC0oDXP/XzXbAFWBYh9Mth8puO1wLuZr5sTSAqx6nXC8seepXKWNxYV1qTTcbAFfdnlzX7Z3sOnQJJ6Opd7ga4JqMQy1utnCgAa7ZMhIrqB0UGdcA19wAXMBQfMZuOkVHmQ1wLeRoeLy0gCtjlVB5tV9Y05Kv6nyLuq5LqWlmC+AKHxLW7Z3suu6D68lcA1yTcaXFzUYONMA1G0dlObYpSgzg8vrrKU95Snf55Zd3V155ZXfVVVeVazR///vfu3/+85/FX3311SX9iiuu6C677LKOwvM6kVfO+9///u69731vd+SRR3ZHHHFE9773va/Ycx111FHFvouNl/hHPOIRJc+LXvSissjrtjq4a665plM+ry2///3vy0JFUXN/+MMfRumhS1+Eykl8Qu3kpPPK/PWvf138b37zm26XXXbpbnazm41suD73uc91J598cveZz3ymeNd5ZZjXh6eeemr38Y9/vPvkJz9Z/Kc+9anRK8W99tqr9O8Zz3hGaYs61Kcd6tcXfP3tb3/bSeO1FX+l/+Mf/yghmqRJNz7JnxC/0hfh7373u9LXjNmf/vSnMlbKCa28nHp4YymvOvDCeDYbrut5BHDhx9prr9399a9/LbJT8ytjZkzx1ZiFl+T3V7/61WjMAjbkqceMTHMZ0z/+8Y8l3XhHhqUZ08iONkQ2hJmnqeO6664r8rL//vvf4JXiF77whS4yTn4//elPF3nPK3EhGmmZB5/4xCe6008/vbvVrW5VyvvOd74zmkfq5+kNTju1l2yJT1/1hTwmXVv/8pe/lD6GRr/kTX40+KWczIHoBGXFhmv33XcvMktu9RnQrD1dw9sJiw3X8ccfP6rLvFG3McN39/12Gkvzn75sNlxlqNvPmBxogGtMRg2VjELjACVg48lPfnL37W9/u/vKV77Sff3rXy/Xf/vb37p4YOEHP/hB99WvfrWkn3feeUWR3vSmNy35Dz744O7d735399a3vrU77LDDure97W3lnhH9hz/84e7oo4/uPvCBD3Rvf/vbu4c97GElzx577FEUsMWCYqWgL7roolK+er785S93v/jFL0bKlwKkmL/5zW9O8OmLUFn9dAtBFiI0P/7xjwuN8tFut912ZVHddtttC2iysGgzoKjdxx57bPfZz352ZDhsMQKwxEvXx2OOOabQnHHGGd0+++zT4Ytyv/GNbxSefetb3yptTz/19dJLLy19Dc8vvvji0n48R0fpGxO8wG9lGAd5efzAr6997Wsjb9Go+2rxMJ68/n7ve98rixwavEgdylfODjvs0N3iFrdoHS2BmgAAIABJREFUgOvf8yOA6373u1/h989//vPCS7zC00suuaTwGy/DT+PUHzNpxox8GrNaRo0Zh8aYuic3GXOG2sAeuVAGgHb++eeP2oEOmM6YqkM7teF5z3teke3NN9+8yK/+AFSnnHLKSH7JLnkHwgCK+OOOO67ESyPjABijeQAU4PrlL39Z+pG+6lf6KIxs4VX6AzTpozbqL/AkDT8yH+Xl0enzD3/4w8IL9aA1b+StARe53XXXXbvddtutA75e9apXjQCX62c/+9nlYUL6Xe5ylwKaAK7wjE7ImBpXdWijdCHQZy6eeOKJRXc1wFVEtv2MyYEGuMZk1FDJKCwurxS33377ouAouShE6aETio8ipIjce9pjlAtw5R+KASEAll0vHniRLs0Ol3yvfOUri0JTjvKVnUVF+byFJtehQ9v3aeviaNKHKHu0ygaQLCIAFzBlwUno2iIFSGUhcs/37/NvLuXpH0CpjnoBUV/anvrTHvFc4tHKKxTH44cw4yCUL3WgVV7KEC8PmsTX9PidsoX+pdh2uBbKvXEm3+uuu+4EWYychnfhafife+n4njEUz9cucUJ0tUdX563TlC2P8a3HNuUIGZJrfw24IrdCcq2PHigAMXFCsizePBCK4xnNe5gA+Oq21HKY9gojl9qive61VYiH/TKSljLksQuWvAmVVwMuO1t2tGI43wdcr3vd60b/Wqx3uNSjrPAv99qnrrRbyPuzgPnRAFctwe16SRxogGtJHBp4OuXB5ZXi05/+9KJQxEfpUDiTXScOrd0xCkg5eXUY4CUUF7AlBLge/ehHl0WAcqToUp4wACCKWiiejwLMfcK02X19nfSEya/O0CmfsrYobbXVVmWh8aRvocliYxGy6MRLrwFYFqmke6WovACuuv60IXHCxGmTa158eOFaO6ULwzPp9XUWsNCmDvepR9nJI5SWOl3vueeeBSy2V4rXzw9jaizXWWedsrsY3mUs8C48xH/XfHgvlAd97ev0XJuPrjP+ic/4uM+YpR2JC6060ibt8K894L8PuAKgyG7kN2Fen6Ppp9/85jcv8x3gSru0JddphzB80KY6Pm1PX5I37RaGRt7wNOW4d10DLn98AbL0V9gHXPUREXe9610LT+odLvWlfPWn/WlT2mCHGD8b4Br4AjnN3WuAa5oZOteKo1y47HDZ3YmCpGSkZ2fEfTxF5JqC4r1+ArgcCxGgFeDFZssul7C+ftSjHlWUVg24omBTj/otYEJxQu1znTZMFqLre3nSt5SnvsQBSJ7at9lmm9FrFQttQBXgZRHKUz/AJT2LljDgTJ6AFq8vtJFXb+oUpo3awIVGmPTEpc9oA6rkT/vRZazE1fGpRxnhQ2ikpezQaTuA0QDXRMC13nrrjXZa8Lv2+FmPmfvwNnwNn41frjNO8masheLRJG/i3KOVztf53HPCms4cI9tbbLHFSF6BqLw+JNORb3KcHS/p55xzTqEj6+ikseFSntec2pX2qFub1R8ZTR/QuObS5qQlXpg4ZeReHfGpK/derd7udrcr7bGrbIfrta99bfeKV7xiAugKCBOiAZb0AeBKnUL1hn/qEMdlh82915sNcBW2tJ8pcKABrikwa4iklDIXwOUMKsqGohGyWWBbFGX7pS99qdiOSIviY8dBcQFclNzhhx9edrDsYgFdbLoOPfTQ7pBDDune8pa3dO985zuLQb2DTz0pW9TZZVDkX/ziF4tyZ4uSBUPoSTpP2pT+j370owmLk3Zmwcji0R8vNi7nnnvuCDCxC+OibNm5UKJPetKTitG/9ltwlKf/jOcBRwb//hTAU9YBXRYw9i3vec97Cs3OO+9cQEt9DhdAxAZEW/VVXnYiHIWurz/72c8KL7TVYsdeRZoxwXP2Luxc8CsgT/+5LBDf//73RzsW6ohdmPKNHRsa/TKe2m2MtU1+NA1wFXYWXrjCQw8Va6yxRrlmOE1u4o1ZzU/2P/gcYAUUGE/lGHfjZww4ZRhfr6nIRTx7ImVwxoTdojp4464Ouzvykwue/ZE61GVc2YFJNy8XLFjQPeYxjynzMX9mYbelPrTKZJPoTy5km6wLyb10ZZoP8pi35gozAfZr6tBWIZsutOmHeRf5RePPAPqaOrXX/K4B2rXXXjuSzZTlzyWpR1/pHXX448rKK69c9A9j+BjJM443B+PZb0mrAZcxBUa1AV+1PfxWF3u0gM/MRfHs8+zqtx2uwq72MyYHGuAak1FDJaPIuQAuuzsWXZ5ylO6ay2IsPspVOuUHbPFsuAAV3m5WdrsSAmAUuRDgAtTYVShDWbXSFcepS7z0tEccR/mlXcLaF4LqJ2ny8Mqq81PWdnW23HLLshhkYcsCZrGhfOt49+KzeCRNfHa4AC51abM2pG7XnDD9A3rSJv2XVvc5fEeTvOFdXXboxOU65SSUL3mVlXqlN8BV2Ft474oMABj+pRjwgHcZSyE+Z4dRHvd4KQxtxjNp0jOWGRc0GcvQJy3jFRqhuH595Em5aQ9Qof3+hUxGySfPZktIfgGKgCT9DY146eJcA2a3uc1tSnkeHsIDfeLr+7Q/7dTW8CN9r/OlX9IyJ4QpR9mhSbwHEDtc9I8dLoDKDldeLQaABWgl7O9waUfqcR2epz9C8eq1w6W+BriK6LWfMTnQANeYjBoqGaXCBXB5pRhFQ/lE2Yjjo/CEUZ7oAriUA0x5Cq4BFwAW0CUeDRsu+ShAZaVM5UWZiuNrBRjFKD4uilKY66QlRJ9+iEt+dYv3StGiBHRmwbG4WKDcZ9GxEOVeukVKKE6Ijq9Pmq95l/anrUJt0Y7EuUfHuw5N4t2nL0lHKy5hPz08Tbn9slO3fA1wXS81eMEZW7LKhguICe/wPvzPfMgYJV4YGVNe+JxxUn7ihYvyoVNWylZW3ZakSeel8eYY2c4rRTIcmSXf5DVyHBmOPLuv48QzmvdwEqN5dWhL2qUPqV+Y/qW9Qk5a8tT9kF57NPomTlmuc+9fkLe//e3L+OTgU3/EefnLX152tAAv97HnqgGXPuTTPim7rtecyXgkXpwdOvxsgKsMY/sZkwMNcI3JqKGSUSYcoESBxGi+Vi5oolDRRkGicS1dXsrLDleAlr+RB1wBW3W8e4BLPk+gKT/1pmzlp87UJS3tFtb3aBNXMlY/6pCW9tdKW1wAkmMcLEJZiPoLkwXHAiU9i1EWpBwbIa3+l2LapK1c2uI+7c912ucenfvQJ0w/pHEpP/dC/Ut88okXJ42r60g7pD//+c8v49lsuBYCLvJthyt8DR/DQ/dcgK348Fta+FuPkXj3oSsF/Htc0HPJlzGs49OWuozQKds1+uxwMZqP/AJYkWNxZDZALPJsR0scusShXbBgQZEPNlzqVkf6kPu6b2lH4vQrdMK6n+7RJ0/C1IG/nL6L86rxtre9bWmPOaevvF2u+hUiwCUe4HINLAHRzALUoW3AdOpxn3ZJ1y5xvH6Thwa4Covaz5gcaIBrTEYNlSxKBeCiQB772MeWQw7ZcjjQU5hXKBQO+wsK+GMf+1j30Y9+tNBceOGFE/6lyEaL8Tz/xje+sZzHZUcLyBKyC3nzm9/cbbDBBsUWZKeddhrZhUWpsSlSh4MWTzrppGInoq1RtuxGpNU+Y0RhUpDaX3s2W9KiUNmAKNuhjvqy6aabllec+Zcieyx9cWZYzhXL4mMBYlsiv3RnjgnZrzm/y6LkaAW2Ls42U756tJe9TxS3NrO3+shHPjJqB/sQfMhiyp7ltNNOKzTOTVKGc7iy4OAJWywLhzR8U6Y60HA//elPS37jqc3al8UFr7yWyZhr61Of+tQypg1wTQRcjoUwNnY48BG/jR15FZ+Fmw0i2ye7J2yM0ObA28hxZNx48c63i1OW11ZkUBo5NmZstuRXj50d8hDZUkd9KC45107tM8eAi/pfigCUcsm48/LIMHvL+qHB63I2iWje8Y53FBp9Arg8LPm3nnarm3xrK/s0chdeRH61U7oDVtmn1TQOGs3Bq+mPdHxIf7VXmjarj32VPtJJbLi0R/88MPE77rhj2dkCsHi7XHbw+ac97WndqquuWvLoT+ox9+q5mB086erCX/XjCXOIBrgisS0chwMNcI3DpQHTUGZcdrgoIoqSp2QovQAUtLmOssx9jGgZxufVYQCWna0cmijONTuu/EvR06ZylK/OKDf3qb+vfNH3XfqScoS11yf50uYsCKkjO1J4kCd6i5ydAGF2vPLqBY14oTS+tueyYwbEOoBRXeGZNrnmwuf0OzxHk7a6zq5J3ebQCOUTSk//1BGa8DT1JC1h4tHzdrgs0A1wLQRcFvScNF/z1TX+ZWz6Yc17tHV6xjih9JQtjktcv5zUiU6Z7iNT8rg3vtLs7JDFGnCR23hgJnKdna7Ifk2TawefKs9Di/pTV9qU+qW5jvy6TlvRpu3C+KRre+LQhl58rqXXgMsctqtFp2QnKzZc4lzjRXa4jGkNuDIfEqpHe9STOH1pO1xF1NrPFDnQANcUGTY0cgqQqwFXvfMRZUPh5Lqv8Cil/jlcsdkK0PJvJsAroesALopR2VHS2hOFmmt11m1wjb72dZzrvlMHZcmlPPWkLsoayGDDZWHJKxS7WhajhHabLEYxIA7okifX8ubwUMdC1P1Tn3Zoe/oknU97pLmXHq/NXPqcPqQceZNe5016+u5e3pRj54Wry4s9WwNcCwEXgJGDTzNW4S3euxb2xwtv8V58eF7nT1zCmi7XwtThOrKQca7rkJ765DGfAY3sAEVOI995SIjsAlzSeHHkPmEAV46BsYOmjvQ7/dIe7ah92i9NX9P20NR5c40ucim/69SX/DXgcg4XQBVQFfAVsOUPOna66Bz/OO0DrrQloTrUyWuLeKF+k4e2w2U0mxuXAw1wjcupgdJRHhzAZYsc2IjyjIKkbDjKRlyUYRSeeIoLWIkNF0AVb1cr/1oU57WiHa5HPvKRJQ/lp44oM2F86tDOuj25Th7tQ7MkX+dLXnWrB+CiRL1ysMhkQRK6z8KTf23VNFmILFZZuHLwaf6l2OejtvDpa9qWMH2XnuvQu3fNJU4oPrRC/Ej54ZF2JD40CRMPLBrTBrgmAi47XMBMzfPIXPgefqOR1ud3xinp4b18KasOM27i1I0+eYV86ki+tCFtNcfI9mabbTYCUuQ0wCphdmkDwoTiAtKEHj5iNO9fiml3+q8N4rQrYdLcp/217Gp/aJNPObmWFi9eGakngIv+MYeBq4CqPuCShhfiY8PlMz3qqduV9tZx4TGeeo2qvga4jGJz43KgAa5xOTVQOkqLyw5XfQ6XNOc7scmgkCladicUHOXnyZnyyV+kKSCK7l3veld5bRjAxd7BOVzO4OLZOgFcG2+8cVFaFvWcB6UOSt0ZReqn5Cg9W/iATgCNOqXH+06itHrh6A+ZM4qyeKjDWUpcFL3XaEAnmytnEdmdQ6dMIXuZnFGUD3PnHC7pFjB2UGh45/8ALfU5XPjFTkSZ+iNPzuGKQvf9O+XhBRrnLWVB0l9Gws5yStvQ1d+JzIKgbGnqYvOGjynHR4DF4wca9mjyKR8/AC4LdANcCwEX+b773e9eXhs7r8kinYWaXV7kBD/JGn5mwWZvZczCc/IeGc9c8nrOeMQ7O439pDo49JkD6lCG8tFw7LucZ4dGPUKyJT+gYRfaH1XYUPJk1HcSyYk6PUCQXw9ISbcjnXO4lInGt0PtcJEP84BtpDrSDvNKeemrNuEFGn21o+psOek8OWYrJX/kz0e39Q/g0w+8Eye/PivDLhM+oAkAtMPFWJ73Sv9Zz3pW98xnPrN414BWDbjMd7th2qEeZ51pg7by9Iw+6490ddJ7QmYUDXAV0Ws/Y3KgAa4xGTVUMsqFA7gsKPU5XJQbn4WYAqLsohSj/MRRXMCFcihsHuBKCGDV13a88i9FCk9Zyg3AioIO37N4oeG1hUsb++1C03fyoOekp18JKevs8lHkFqIAKQo315SzNIq4Bj1ZPJIv/3oM4EoftVVbws+0SSgufQxdQFLyp/+5T/vdyyOUR3zixIe34nh1JQ5t6pbWANf10hM5Mqbk20nzeMnhV+3F42N47ZpTBp7idXicMPF16Do+9acMZdfXGeOULT3tULd0aQAI2XYOFzklz0A2EBF5FuY6AEO/zYXIOnkPwKEvAI/Upy5tS/siW0L9QRd+Ja2+197QoQ0P0KYMofKTLgRmcw6XB4TsYgFWAVc10EocsASEemhKO8JP92mPdqhTnGuhHS78bICrsKn9jMmBBrjGZNRQySgSLoCrPocrCibKRhiFJ413T0l52qOA/SsR0IrtFqDFZ7cL0PJKkbfDRWlRkBRZFDYlqq7Uq55aEUYRi+dC278uidVPFCd6dfDKSH4ASXvwIOBKaGEKsBLmX4gWIz6LlOsAM3F9wKUebUjdudYG13jpmned9KTJH1px9XXuw7vUgSb9TFzG0JN6eIEufFBWA1zXCw6ecMaWbNznPvcpshg+h3/u8ZXD14wfvvbHQB5xGQd5wvtSwL9/EpfQuPDu5Z1s/NIONK7RowU4tN85XPoCNAFRfICWkPwKI+810DIPyL702HD5N6x60s/Ul7qTVvcVrfZlTqdPNZ9CX9PmWsgpWzl2fJ3DBRB7pZjjIJyur9/0C++6Bl7AEp3FaF452qHstCf34tIP17zdSHkb4Koltl0viQMNcC2JQwNPp2i4vFIENiiaWsFEAYVWWpSRvO4pn+xwAVeAFdBVAy/xAVvS2XBZBCjIKLrUpdwowbot4tDW6eL6Xjl9h4YiTx3KFeee33///Usf7PJZeCw2QguUBYi3UHnit+gkXohWWOcDuLx28S9F9dQLTNqQ+vUp/azTpEsT1u0NOE168gi53NfpySONr+tUNodeWjv4tLCj8MOVsTWWjOYDBsJDPOPxUFrGSzpX8zn8rWmSvw5TtrCOV4e4hDVdylSn+NDJb1dH+wEuclwDqchuQBYZj3xHpiP/kX3fUjTn2XClfZlb6k0bpCU+Yc0T6eiFdR5x+sMnPX1Gh969dK9SnXyvPfm0D+P47HTVQCu7XsJ8vDqAK2Wm7rRNu5MmVKedPfxsgKsMW/sZkwMNcI3JqKGSUSBcdrgY1Xp68/0zdigUap7Y0bKdYNeQdCG7B8CJZzTPZsu5VWy1nO/jbJ+8TgTA7Hg51+cRj3hEUZIWd+VGsVJwbI6Uzd6JDRO7Jg4N59yeb37zmxN8+hKl2E9n5yQt/ic/+UmxJUk9Dn2ltNmxWXCcnxTgKKztXbI4OTtImv6xbdE/ixTvFaVXFs4E0gf2b0L80g8AiPJmD8TOhcfzfEPPgsJ7ZaKN+oMfPH7hU2ichRYaYb4JF56y2ZJP+exnLBixmVEOu7zwS/oOO+xQxrPZcC3c4SIbTpo3bmyjwm/8Mmbiw29jZh5Jw3e89T1Fshc6YxaeC333UHrk3L35FxpnXhlv46UedUhDoy3qc/4XGnKFjm0Zmct3QutjIcg4+ywy62GI/PpCRACZdGdyASRJFzpvi82U+c62spZfdfnOKZ2hDbX84oU2kkHzNzT67Bw4dlx4ZR5E70S+8SwynrnEVgwfYjTvgY/c7rLLLsVu0r+Da4DlOmm77rprd5e73KXM9xpwGUfl4yue0jv6Ee9MMenOA9P/BriKuLafMTnQANeYjBoqWRR8AJdDPykyB/xZpIWUGsUnpHgoS6BBOloLSV4xONAUoMrHcYEvxrkBXMCJdAeE5luKnkqzCClfPalD+YxyY6gvnVOnNtQ+fRGiY2Rce0qdkx5FrX+8chjVAkgAl0XHbpWDLR0+yZjYtSd88RYjoVcsFiDpFi8ATJr8+acfo1116BOeBVxaELXFwql+f1BIqP14Ll1Yt9NCzIVGOfJa+PQXrTKl86lDurzaIcQDXroyxMmvDT70a0FpgGsi4FprrbUKUPUaC7/wiozif/iJ5+RZWnhqTPA5NEIPAGjiyScaTjqZzxwUosuYSnet/MxD6WSrnqsAmHH3IWeAsQ+4AKrIN9klx5HfAC9xZJx8C8l8jNQBd+0mN+mPOtM+/dEebcMDdJkD2o+OB77M89ChzfwQKiNyiwbP1StvDbjsJnutSG71uQ+4xL34xS8u6Xe7291uALjMG2VrJ89QXx947dVO9TPox88GuIq4tp8xOdAA15iMGipZFHxeKTr0kxKj5CiYKBoKT5w0ce4tKpxrQIUCUg5AFYAl5HMUhDRPyZ6qvVL0VMpoXl3KqesTpw5xCcVFEWtL7dFxKaNOS7tTjvuUk77ZkfKawCvFGAozKs6OldACldcx7i1OaIAv98nnPuVZBDh1pn113YlPG/Ux/RRHyQu1UzyX6+QRSkt8nT9pGb/wAJ+k8fmHWXhh19F4NsC1EHCRDTtc+MiH3zXP8TI8rMcYLb5nDJIW/ieMDLuXJ/EJkz91inctnzF075qXn+xIBzy0vwZceaiI4bx78kyOI8+hyX3AWGw27USlzWmv+/BAeyK/rrWfQ5s21vTS0KSs9A0N/rlXXspQZg24gC2vEOmU2GvVoCv2XMwYvFIk4/UOV11f2pD2S0u77cbRXQ1wlaFoP2NyoAGuMRk1VDKKjKsBlziecqHkOIqN56J0hLx4iosCctI8cNUHWYCWeGAr3sGnFgFHSShDnZQan3v1UcC1skvb0s46RO++zp84ZXDSePdZwNz3jeazyFh0AClhABg7l3qBcm2hAsYYFwuVhy9ebYRXqS9tTHu0RVz4mXj3nPTQBDBps/Tk6+eVT5x8oU1c8gilo6sX7HbwaWF74a0rY0u+A7jwK/wObxNmjKW7Ftp5wmsuofhcC+NDk7TcKz808nL12CY9ciIdnXgAw1yLDZf+RJbJqvs8LJDfGNUHYNVyLW7BggVFtr1SVH7qTn25j/4IH7TJtX7Ucud+snJqutCLU274Z6cr31L0gABg0SlAF+8+dlwBYoBXffCpMtOG8FRYj2XitVO/ze0GuIoYtp8xOdAA15iMGioZJcMFcOUcLvEUjKdHtk5sQdit2Pa3MEeBUj624L1+siBR7F4nenUIYNWvEL1edEaXdICsBlwpn80EOwqGsMqOUrWNr25t8A01r3DSRu33KkCa/AnTN+muvaZQNhqePUbq0NfsSLFjcxiib6oBXcBUAJU434PzehGNVywWIN6i5XWL77z53pqdLYscwMVFgeMXG7W00+sp7bCICLULz6Xji+8g4kOUPzpxXhUlPa9Xsih4baMMdEKvY/BA+UKvZMWHBl2d3ozmy5AVnrgytsYS4GJLFHss/OSMIR7ykeXwWmjM8DpjSv7MowAU4+b1oPR4r+aSbmzMCWUrJ2HkQroyIhPK0JbIOMBhF/pxj3tckU82SPlmYB4myHrkNzIsBLbItxCtvLe+9a1LeV5Hkr3ItnZEZ5iv2qmvSU97tTP80h99l4ZOaFfJXEUj5PNAEL6az/KyKfUtRbtuAFd2trw+NKc9+PCukyYElugt9qSZj/VZX9rhNWnS8FSd4v07kzw0wHX9PGm/43GgAa7x+DRYKgqSmwxwUWyADENXhqK8JzuKX74oSAsQZQdweXJksxXABXQBWD6MyzOiB7ocqOhYCErrJS95SSmXUS1jVYazFpssIuqJEb30GCmL59FZWJJX/vpVh/6h0XaGsNLQAHH6GJ+T4Z/0pCeV16JeNVhoA6gcfKpfwKJdOrt2Fq3sDqALjTS2WzXgSnsZFWsrfmpP2iGdo9TFMy5GZ0GRpp1CC1ryK0N/LPgpHzCzEEnTT95igQe8cvAXH+PxxmInDU0DXGUoCi9cGWM7GmuuuWY5hBOAjdzgF4CLz8ZNaMyABmnGxZwRj9/GS1g/NOC9Bwk08YCKvCnD4h/ZNf7GLCAcnV00QEDZxl4Y2QIw2FkCXF7nZwfaGVQBVABXjOjz6h+dT1kFlKGVJztcDO3VoX59CC/Ibv6g4cyqACk8A5zwJ/KvLw551Zf0lYzTO9L02TVdJH/qwi/8djAzAEj/+KdxTplnq8U4nncWngegPuACQv3RJ/zCY+WnHoBRHXzaqS94r74GuK6fJ+13PA40wDUenwZLRcFxAVyOheDEx1M+UexRRELplI+n9wCugw46aPTKEDgBTPIqMd9RDGCJDZct/+zuRJnmXj2pX311vbmWh09767B05t/9iSJNmakLvf7Fbsm/CoEni0wNpuojIaRn98siFB9wZkcsZ1llh6tub+qs21K3zzWPD1yf/3X+LHTKCt+ywCVMXzO2ddnyJD1tbIDresnBZy6Ai9F8PRbSeXzOOISX6FxLF8YrDy1ec4kP71Nm0tG4jk998imHy7inbSk/bTLHAEY2XORYf/JKMbu3ZNc1uc41OvfkG71Qmo9XK48tU+rSnvQhbU3f0q7wIn1Al/xpqzj5sqMVPqb85Inc2pX6j//4j/JwA3Dpqwc/u+15neg+1wmBJYArn/ZRrrrSDmHapm5tjj1XA1xF7NrPFDnQANcUGTY0ckqEqwGXOMpHGEUjjJcWpRdlSPnyysnTMYAFbAFY2RlKKN4rRXkoQGUrK3XWSk9dXNqFLu0TF1/TTJaeNqcc9FGwrr12sCPljwNZaIAuC07uA6jqRSlxQnS8awa8noIDuNSrn9qR0HXamlCa/gtznTZPFpe0frlo6zLdo7VQpS3hc12uPA1wkYjrZU5oTMlGPl5d89U1J8RHLgt1ze/QBRylDPToai8t5SWfsB479/JkDiZMvLZEjswx7Qe4Iq/AFZ/dq8g5UKW/ie/PAXR2uMi2fylqQ+THdfof2arb7xqttiafUHx4lrTQJl0+1+lT8nu9u8oqqxRdEsAV+y07WjzAlRAvpNfncClbfakzvBSKS72u1Q9w0V1th6sMd/sZkwMNcI3JqKGSUSQcoBSwYTs/CrRWflGgebJ074kPrbwUcHa4ArSEPKDF595rDZ/2kY8ijLKLMlWva3WlHm1Ne9TMAfTYAAAgAElEQVTruvbS+ZRVp7mWh0Ojze5jRyPMDpejMbLYWHgsShYhOwNZrCw6vLQYGLsO2HINwHmCBrjUrx/pXxR8P05/00550hdx8qDX1vAiceLRi3etHHkThj7tEM+jTVtiN4cm35Vs/1JcuMNFvn282ljgEY/HQmOCl5ww8eGxOPmMAy+9LkcZxkEaJ12e1CP0yhCNMoW5Rpfy5U1ZKUNaDbjIZjy5DsDKNaP5yD15T7w5kTng4FP8sMOVtgjVjRdc2lX3FU19dAX60OGHa04ZaJO3Li88RS+dvmLDpT3stLxS5IGsAK2ALUBL3Mtf/vLyXUygyQ6Xcjh1pm5tMyfSDmPjWrxXtw1wFZa1nylwoAGuKTBriKRR8AAXA1IG42xI2EXExiKKnlKigChZh3g6oFDIhgOwoIAArthsveMd7yiHnzr4NK8WAS07Xw5FfehDH1peRe6xxx5FCSufp1DZZyif7YQP17JBqhUfG5rYiSSM0tQnilv+2rPzUkY8Q1z9RKOvDj7FA8dCWJDYY+UfldmZy4IT4MVo3o4eD0w6HNUCJb9XivjiNW3aiF8MhLWR4tYWdiLO9UGjLdql/fojZJSsffKiYUuSxYZMKoedTPqCjsFy+KUMhvrilV+XIY23S5A24vn2228/MkLWVm2JrAxxHiyqT+kzAEK+Gc1bkNnIRW7wlQ0SPmbM2Btl/uArnpo74aXxY/sYngsZkqc+5biXTznS7arIZ1w5dnvmKhptcM2WLPJNLhidSzPHssMVsOWBwRlbmZtknH1WZBwdI3px5mwemPwhJB+v1iZzk+ypRzvzuR/80JbILxkPT9hK6SOnz14LyounymG3Fb2jHP0m49L1NzpBGTXgsjvNZisHnAKaAVtA2HOe85yRXdcd73jHMqY14DImytYGbTXO2oeXnHHVBvaddEXb4SpsaT9jcqABrjEZNVSyKHiAy4ICdERhU3TS63sKTpxQPEXknvLJDhfgAYDEMDevGIGt7HBR3l4pyuObZylPqN4oOOCLE6pHWtrlfjKvDL6fpr11WvoV2rxSDOCyyFqUYusidA9QAVzSefF57SLNgiWeET7AxWBXf9Ju9emPULyQk17HuU4bpdXX4YU41wmTJ+UkPjSpV3pAW8oVJn8ObW07XDfc4coOiDGJ/Idv+CyOx8/wWzyajENNL672ZCHpyVPnq+WoHjPjmXrRR2aEdnbM75zDBUxFfskueRYX2U5YyznZlwcdGy52m0CeNnLqTrvVn+vwKXQJ636Icy/kI5P1PQDG4WlC6TXgyjlcQBaw1d/hyutE6Xe/+91vALjSpvAvoXrCW23zKtXcboCrDEX7GZMDDXCNyaihklEoXF4pMhinUBJPAfGUDV8rxSgjIeAUwBWw5ckZsBLGYD47RkL/UpSH8kudUWwJE5+6ohCli4t3z7l33U8PXZ2u7NAKA7hy0ryFJQtTFiSLDu8+PjSAVr07kGMmAK7Un0VJffqiDeFpaKSJD78TH14kXViX5x5t3a86T7+80MsDRORe6JWisWmAayHgskPEaD47VRk3codnvDger8NvYxCPVjqeh9/iMk7iuaSLD504XlzqTnriEoZOG1znlaId7IAmrw7JMvkFsOqHhch2wsi4vOjyr0DAQ/vUo25eff37tEc6+uQRn/uaD+mftJTpOvEpzz3AFRsucy5AK2DLPU/PAJ5CHlgCQrPDVZeZetM2/UkcOp9ZIg8NcBVxbT9jcqABrjEZNVQyyoML4AI2olhq5RhFV6dFqQo97VmglWNnK96OVoBXgFhAWI6F8KFZT63qUGddr7a5T5r2uuY5YeLSNiGfvqFznbJzXZeDPkbueFA//Vts7GJl0ckiFBrxicsCJi6Hh7LhShvThrRVvOt+P/px0mu+ZJdF/oxD+pO8dTweiJ+MZ3hfl63MZjRfWDWSIWNNvmPDlfHK+OFfzX/3+I/nocl4uE9+6eLFhV5cvHguZSSf0I6WeHUJcy2vuLpN9Q5XZJWM1g8IZNdul75G1oEr99L40C/498GnjmvQFjKk/vRFG9wLpadNQg5dfNoqDL28ysy9kK/LTD6v+fxL0S57joUAqPIvxQCugK6EwBK95fVg2q1M11yu0y/1i9Mur03bK8XCpvYzBQ40wDUFZg2RlDLhArgYjEeRUZS+J8Zmg62Swz590Jm9hTRefk/KFiPe2TcOEgyoErLpctaNU+gPPPDA7i1vecvoHC5PmIAOWxL1OEhR6CwqjvLTHnYT4rXBwaPsmMSn/dopr3Sh84SSphzXFo4cXIqGrVTqoExjNL/JJpuM2ihPXrmon+3ZoYceWkIf6LZzZxEKjXL1X5rdQjxhP8NpL6Bk4dJOPFUmezW8pMiFbFUcOIknDplEHz7oB/6zL5OWcWG7I01+fWEPowzt8QTP7k66NDRsuuSXpizjqg7p6BrgKkNWeOGKHBhL39+zQOdcM7zkyBJ+x2fM8NO4sx90nhWeRz5jyyfd2LNxIhfxxsyYZNyMWcZbPUCR+uUHvnhx8psjaLRLfvZL7K68xifD5JMcH3nkkWXHSnvJsO8psr2UZp46M0+cNJ+1EpJ5rxTt8Ph2Kvs1LgApvNBWHsCzCxXZYi+or2SfxxM2YNqvLxwbL3ml64cw55aFp+EXu8nb3OY2ZXzsyAZg2e1iP+kBipkAcwlArAZc9I9zADOX2FNy2oFvAKX6jRmeqlMa27W2w1VY1X6mwIEGuKbArCGSUipcAFe9w0WxxUexR9kJEyfMOVzj7HDZ/bLr9ZjHPKYoLQpQeVnwcx2lF7AhnhOvTk6oDwld174QVTtcKUMoT8pxnx0pytkiYfGyEHnKdy2uftoXFy8+dKH1itIinR2uLJ7pT/qnbtfC2qdPNb10/UOf/MkrRBt6tAFxrsXLW9OkrDqPuAa4rpccvOACuLxSBAyMTcbCdfgXeXIfAJLxUZY8XMauHpfkLQT/ltnUn7zJX+dL+Rl/aYnTBt5uD3CRV4rZ5dIv15Fd8k5+ASuheD6ArN7hssOTYyHSV/2u25o2iZOmbUkXpp1Jk64s8fHu0aYONBkDNHa4bn/725f+9Xe48vqwDmvApQ8AdMZTedqSMUp/EkpXd3ulGClt4VQ40ADXVLg1QFqKjAvgig0XpcZTMFFGUZSJF0oTD1hQXsrxBOz1od2tgCsAy+vF7HyJd/Cpp24KkEJTV12ma75WdklPmrrrduVaWUlLKI/r1COsrwOQ7PIFSCW04ASEWaTik560vHoUH8PzGM2ru+5n+iBMO9D025k213wwZuLxPwuUa+XEua7LE5+xTH2hT7uk8w1wXc9F/OOMtx0N/1K04BojfJLOh5/4GB6LD0io4+pxyVgnPfdCPrTaUMclTX25TltyL2/KNcfM0dponowCUAAVgEXGyW9kW4iGbEf+XcuTHS47Pel72ljzw3Xi05f0I2l1OyPj8kQma/rUFTppseHSP7vlXp8GVNU7Wq7Zddntk2630pj6F6Zy6nbXbRKPj/FoAS4AttlwleFtP2NyoAGuMRk1VLIoPUCJArHtXiuYKB6h+FoxRemJl5fyUk6AVm2zFeAljgfA8i9Fyi+KVJgFTV3q4FJ/3TbXi/I1fWjSdmWmbGm5jw2X1xAWFguO0GJkUcp9FiSLUeKyIIVOqDw88UpRe1KPuilvLmAp7Uhf01bxdVvR1zQpR5iysjDgo3rdC/vpiZeWs5FcqzOn5Dej+YWAywMFG66czVTz1NhmfMXjrXHj3Sd0jQ6PXQsn88lbp6UMZSd/4twr1xiLi4yIUw8QQhbtcJHbyG7kNmHSIsfuzQEhmtw7hws/vHJLP9SddoUX7rUn7XDN1/G5Vw6ZTV/cSxMqO31TVuoRGg9G8wDXvvvuW0AVncLHcD5gS5zdPvE5+LQGXHUfwsOMZULtaYCriFj7mSIHGuCaIsOGRk5hcYASBepba+yf2PSwOWHfQ8FQNkI2SM6pkc62wzk9zvphfAp0OYfr8MMPL7YdbECU6xuKOQ4C8HLNRmSDDTYoeXbaaaeRjUfqcdaOstWjDb4/GEVLCbN/0b7apy9CtHWaa3Ze8vLqoTRTvvQtttiivBrdcssty+KCD+zP2LH48HZtr2XhAcTYloSG7RY6IEw6wIUvFjnl6w87mNj/hK++K6ePPLuVHCapD9rqvCVl4rfdBT5G89LRsdlSdspgRyMtC5jv8rHt0V9lKUMapyyLljj5tRUPjGcDXAsBF8DipHmyw86OjR1gYlwBj8indDZb+InfZAFtPnht3NGyQ8TreN8L5cgvGvcZUzTkTT5pgAGQnDZIN3bOp0Nj7NFpJ7nxXU+ApAZcAJQ0MmvO8pFfMmK3S/0ekNh1hY4dpB0u+sIcYoOoHG0QsrdUPz4Ia/lVnrKdMRZ+6S8bRGm8MtCQy5QhZCuK1/qJr87MkrcGXHand9xxx45O2XnnnQuwyo6X42ek7bDDDt0znvGMbrXVVis8qQGX/uCpsdOfnK9mXPCTbZk0c938aDtcRWTbz5gcaIBrTEYNlYzC4gAjC4pXipRkPEVH0SQUz8kXZShOXgqdcXxAFYBiJyv3dr5q4OVfipQWRag85fTLTR1Rzmiy4KBdlEfTT+s/IQeMpGxGtvqAB3mSp/gtTLzFNTtf0nlxwtAknzDHQjzvec+b0D/tqtuStoa32qPf8ekzvtdpGZfEoYuXlnR1oUn5+l2niZeOLvnyOrQBroWAi6za4cpuoHGsxwgPI3PhaT+UjsecMPT9UD5efK4jM/KJM451qH5p2sSlbUK7Ov0dLrJcy3XkmcxHrkMTGc/9SiutVMpzQKk2pD8JxWmPul0L08cAKW0NTejCQ/fS49O39C/lK7MGXHa47GYFZPV3uPI6Ufwaa6xxA8CFx8qMbsiDjThtim8nzZchbz9T5EADXFNk2NDIKRIO4LKgOKmZMhMvrBUbZRfFI4zyE3raDeCKvVaAVkBWXjEKxXmlqE7b/BRZytYeZVKyaUPaExrxnPu40CRP4hOKR5N2pyz3rmPDZXfHomNxySLkWpynW3FJE+ZavF2I5I0Rfm3DpQ3pW+pNXNqWeP0PD9JWfekvvPJzKSdhFi15k+466blGx6lXGu8cLgt0A1wLARd+5KT58KnmoevwvB5jvBVf56l5XZj/b1lGo5yUW9OlfDTKc5/0lJ98aLiA6PqVYuQ1cpoQyALApJNj10kj264TFxuu7Mam3WlP2jFZu0L7/9m7s1bvkqvw4313RMXETLYQkxiTBukMnaEzR2OcMgndiEoENQNI1BsvojghamIETdSoYIggiHrlkICK15qIF74H34Gv4fz51Mn3PKvr/3u6z+nuPE/O6V1Qv6pda9WqVavWXrV2Ve39qx9dV6cUrWI4rsFnyuHy1z5syTzDlbMl5WjliEnZHGe41HFoPvpoRz/+XNePyqwc0odjhSvtPdKrSOBwuK4ipVuMw5gIHC4Okzf0Mj6MTE+W8hm/jI9URKMtxc985jNrC8JX5TlcrXB1rqtVLrDv//7vXwaPQUS7dnMoMm613bX28CVVVj3XM+7DFn5pvLuW53AxwM5w9YRvgsmJ4mydmohsg8DPGVPHBNUqEYdLwKdQu8kz/iuvT00qPXU3FtEKHr40mmjJB5OPDlgxHDBl8MnjODS/hmrJQo6z4f6wwpWcku2U5S7PdEt5sfFTf+bhPlmEj8asoyx+wHLQ5WsbnMNFt22bp9vptb7lWOWM0V96DLey9Nq1FS70OFx4mPejdoV46H52DVesTB4+GD6r1zW4/B61B19dfx3kLUXjM1e4psNVPmdLyllSh8MV/WjG014OjndvZ+r/4XCtITt+riiBw+G6oqBuK1rGMYfLZyEyOoydsyiM6vw/NwYuQwjXuQdvGzJeniSdabKClcP1xS9+cX3750//9E/PRecfrHLlcPkOjjacQ3J2S3TuA23tSJ1JwsP//M//rLMvzlbgvTj/uy6cfcwYSTT8HQkc50aiL+2g+Ic+9KFzDqOzKiYik49JxpmO+pRD6fs9YCJc575yMv2fG5nkcDHeJgpntrSvn1L/RZk84fgGmfIifEYeDJ63smzlJCv/+0Ze4GQl+g+46JOrc2PJk8ycZ0OfPOCRv60y9MEPh+tCe8hCMLYm2Je//OXrjJKzPORd9I2s5Emm3t6zHaU+mZKtMTNWzm7BRQM858E5xcZc2v9hpsfOZ6W7jZm66YWVnnQ8PceX9q3oWIV2RvPv//7vl37TZTrOqeJMic5GgdNhD0eiMjA67l5w5skKF92GS1/pJ170h27hM/2z/Tb113advna/S6eOo0GfnYvTDzJDj93RV/BokJMzYzmAHZq3heqbgPN/FT/xiU+c/A6Xc6d40JYxIa9kOu8j/cGnfh5bimnlkV5HAofDdR1p3UJcxkvI4ZorXAyPSZoR4tAwghww5Rklhkm5yUj0YVNnt+ZKFueL08XJ8qFFeQZ9focLDW0wqtozQeEtI77DM+Dxb3LzQdAZ9+EyIYGjJWpLfbT0x5krfXj88cfXwd0mmp7+TTYcKo4XWAeFlc+VL4d64Tm7NR0ubWhP2+Sov/qKr9lX18kcHnx1k4XURyD1RR+k+mCsjIfogDYa0uSqDbDw0FY3OLrxeDhcF9pDZgIdsIX08MMPr4Ppne0hMzKVNlbpVvIM/n//939L1vDExkIb5K6e8ShyrI0VeGNXXWMGL72oLeXoiHQEn2hY4fGtvA9+8IPr0Dn99DFPupzuStNx8F5a4WhxyqzkwqH7/tqHPDg7nWnTjqBNbcdjfKZ3Unr5VPLSBzjooNd9Wko+ZOoAfn/tM7cUPciJHC9Rfl/hcr+zT9rSDprJWlpf3Gd4Adc+x/bYUlzDffxcQwKHw3UNYd1GVEZFOHWGi2EEZ9SLcE0UXUvhMFycC3QYsJ6O5TlaHCxp5VaI+iyEp1E0aqvJozJpxlp7Qu2CwQ8XTH7Cg9Wf4LMf8s5cMaJW+Uw8JlkTjUlmbq2YeHLCTEbe5rICEI6tRdetmHmyFvYJFh+V4bdYXyd/yoJLBWWncGurfkdHKtT/0p228rZDjzNcdxwu2+avfvWr1+oKWSbX5J1855goI086Gn7jN8fzyXQYnrp7VK5e7UejVLt4kXaGy5bi1Ov0nL6Krqcuu6bXlbdtbkWbPKzk1UZ81i/tivgOpxTOnq9edNQT4MlHr7Qyztvznve8ZX84XFbzRH3mYHE2rbyLs8xnIfSh/1KcbcWLMvnarNyqPpt3bCmuITp+riiBw+G6oqBuKxpDIrTC5TtcGRUGLeNdCiZIM5jwGC4Ol7cUOVccKs6WbQtOllRUJsKxpWibg3FEX4zm5CGDW1nXi5HxU1+kGeMMZWXqotM1PNsT0g7NW+UzyTQBmaDkm6jkOVquRZMRp4zj1WoAHPQ4cLYUtStoR/vlXYuTr/gLzxN1+PUnOqVwRddw5NGsn9FyTc7R0/fqKZcXcz4Ph+uOw0W/fRaCzJJtOts1WLJtTJOrsQnWuDWeM4XTOMiDCeg1vuksWCs+6ghw4Maba/cY/vvwaborTZ/psGs6TKfT7XAmjMPl3u0tRXxoT4oPaTKJ5wkHK8INR135YnKAWx7MtVSZVSeH5vXPlqK+eoiTijld8xyX/2/lcHGapsOFXrzXTm3HE7gVLjbvcLiWyh0/V5TAN7TDRbFnvGKfDrRrSIB8hRwuBtk5haKzCowQo87gMJrOUzmDEY7lfsaXwUPHGS7/1+a7Pr5hZQuR08XJ4nTZVnSO653vfOeqYwUI/WmAfTdKG76142nScv40eLbLwGasL1K4vg80o20DIaPqrIk+eONI6vs8DDCHy4Tjad55lRl72gfnYNk+DM5wy+d42aIkF29+6gNeyNM2CB7IUr+d4VIeL7ZI6is8kyuYvjq7Ri7qwtFXOOroB5h0nguDQ35o1A5e1EOD3LWhnjbg+Y4R3g+H647DxXl2aJ7syZe8GtO+rUbW5Gkryph3nzgj13jBQUOdqb90GiwddV8Zb+OBjrx66EcjmLbwY7XHuNIruL5XB6fV1ulwcbRsDzo07v8I6a4zXRwuzhcdp+/+SxAOmNRW+tnZ2XqY4Hi4j+gVHsnD/xHWVyndAhN9Www/c5sRv+RFFuonV/yDifqMLhrwsglg0+Hy7S0fGradr8+7w6XcG7jSBx988P9zuNxH+lJ/nIHTtn4Ith3xT27s3eFwLbEcP1eUwDe0w9XNVsrIzHjFPh5oTyKBDDxHibPBIGdwMjoZPoZHnuEHs53A8E2HywoXh8uHEv/yL//yMuVstfJla5Ej9u53v3tN6gxgRg0/8iaj+NCOg7npge5wWoKX1hcpA1l5KacjGFqMKf6D+ygiJ4PDZdJxhoUT1YRkwplP/ialHC4TVpOWuqJVIvQ4crVjMiGvOSGZsMDB9FXfwcla2uQdDrxgU16NBzwOQX2VekFAPbAmLXIGQ8ukCJYsfBjSE/zhcN1xuEyw/kvReHBkOFHkRe45GXSTXJ1rMjGTKQcBLieI3jVm6oAX6QGYAM+YoaENODlcxkvAh7aNJxzj66FCXXojxae6bRFf1eFKh61q5XB1H/gwaN/h0j6+pcnCQfP0kyzoVn3ACz576IhXjqLyaOg3GuAiGuiCh5NNmA6XD7x6gMux2h0utkb0/6anHC4vKuBRG3hwH+lDfDjLBe6M27GluNTw+LmGBO6pw8UICBkDxmVG5a5TbtdT2bueOLP+3m83LCM3cdCu/R3/utfoRgvdmxj0Qcjh8kkEMk9m+tdEoY/yQnl45OxALgOEDsfq7/7u7y63Dl3bRmxrsa3GthQt/2sneZbXhqg8nsDKBwtvptFYzI5zSwx39eBMeq1IkYGJZm4rcrQ4WCYisOCdabFaEFyZuq0q9OfV+qHt2p38golCeXiCiVVwHWy/L9BSZiyE+li+ttSPDvxkqQxOsOPQ/BLj5ZgYbytcc0txyg822WZvyFKAk2znfdT4qFPdxlYKPunPMnm0Giv6oWxvDw146HA83J/zDBcdFdNbaatayuVFOg+WrpOFtxTR40jOvpaX4k+gk/jDh3L5yua1vPLkVf+kU47VqYyztv+1z6ktxbYWycJZrrYUreyhKdSma/SF2gETwazseZi6iStc+C/qX3n9lNdHwTgVk8sCjB91ps1JZsqiCz25jaorO+vCf6YBvwK6k3e0gz3TNp5J/XvqcBkMkfAbwIQiVUZQ0gayPMPhidCTlJUKcHXCh7eH3nQzyYLPiN4zDbWd8Xum9O5H/ZRwOlzKuvFS1GSXzJU3nuTQGS50Oq+1n9nK6Wq1y5fmOWqMH7rokWX52pbmKFUGt3xj7zo+gyXT+A5eCk9E34Fbk6q/B8mBMvGYcJqImpRcd/bFBNSKQLjKpsOFD+3gW9u1qxxvXQdTJk+2Av6Si/LZHzSDyasjLaanUu0EJ2vXybZrtA6Ha4l9yVXOeJpgHZrvfm+suiZLskuejVnjKDUmQuMtr051K+96wtUXBXTg1IYxbfxqHzwdcGbJPfrYY48t5ylHKj2eOqzMdU6XvDJ/reOFEXrvDFcOV+3GX7xL8SUkI32FF2+cRdfJAL7raEZDGZjrWRdtdj6H65Of/OTlwXiOVStc8+3EyjhLVi1zuMhNO2LtzDbl8Ys3q1z6f9McLn0T0p/ZV2X6mP7IF5PLqjx+4CYX5/kcNyEf41kbjZd0D3DSjR4sd5zrXGsjntAW8SLi836He+pw2cJxcNE2TIOSMKReUXb2J+H8yZ/8yfpvOULzqQHfkPn1X//187e97W2XS/hw0To1mASc0BkPZw9cwz2FP3mR38MOt7TOEGnfIN/EUD9zuGyndRNKycu5BZ8qYNgsqZNdOPLKGC4G6NOf/vQaq3lonqPlHJcxFJ3h4oz1WQjGEA3nOmwP2BYhT7wZQym46GnWllz60zjCB5t49c24yONfX+BIWxmojbYAOVy2DOipScYEk3NFh0w6nvad47DtGIwuiL1Svztcyaz28TP7Wp/0BQ7+pG0TpefJHIy8xPRaP7VDFuRp3OSlApiIlgcXclAfrUnjcLgu7uZ0iNNBx31p3nYYeYLRHZE8yXvKM1mTqwhuLODIgxtLdOaYGguRfgRvXNWlD7UFLqKlDfDakMcXmIcaDzcf+MAHLvWTHtNfZw7ZR3pMf+m1yB6LPUSAyatnS5ED6ttU9a/7if5qO3uR/pJTfcajcjH9BKufcMlYP+kneugK2oOX/tvS5HB5WPKiSo7Wr/3ar52LfR5CfjpeOVxsFR60Ne8TciU/4w0ualO5lb2buMJFxmSrT1YByeNTn/rUpWPqSAibR+ZwydpZXPpAFuQ+ozJb33YrfHrD/OGv2uhCemncyl/cVXd+0Qd3BMV35iZt+euG2rE9bVz1oX48HXrXbf+p8O+pw+VDdikp52sXrgnPd24S0Otf//rlYBk8wnOo1ACZtH3vCR4BUxwC3gMYfHv/r3rVq9aHBDNAlG5vH/6MTwXXHx9CpCjq3cSQEuZwcTambBhETy6+tyPqczcjPP12hsS4MniMnbNbtg+NGcfKmS5/YM2ZFp3fUm6FSz2GUBsiA+4DhJyBxsI4O2zrI4d9ULE/+gXTB8ayD0rCk69vxkXeNgDaYNpxPiMYOvOcC949+ZpoRZORyUe/5taoD582WcHjpNlOVf9jH/vYkoktRUEbooPB+PCxRbziQ1+Tp3M3+APXX7qtHl2Gp6/Jof4oCwce+YCJxq1zYeqTBaeVvMG1tZ8xOhyuNWSXOmRsPVC88pWvPP+v//qvy3u+MWHPjIkxI08r8U00ZG6yBqd7UveRSc9YoMEuuY/Ai8YMLD1m/8DojLHTBtsIR5A3jtqHQ9875+S+5HD96I/+6NLfVpudz0rHOVOdSez+pccmW/oPj9PlLFdbij586tyTPmofrxwgfNI7qfNQ6T4d59Q4HxWfZNaZLfXR4mDpA1nRUe8GwhwAACAASURBVP1Nx8H1OR1H5+zsbPXPmUPOpSjvDWEfPxXld4eLTHz4FK/okHH3EV7MHdrXD6k29cEKFwf8pq1w6ZP+0S2rlBxVsvvWb/3W8+c///nLkf7mb/7mtbjB9pPza1/72nUeVT2yn5GO09svf/nLa+zVcY8YP3KiG8ZCHfX3gL75wMems3+TPn5n3Ovv142dOeqtb33r+Ze+9KVLfrtP9jr38vqeOlxuIArOcPkAHwE0EATllV5nJKbADYLQzcwwuZHc9Oq49kVvxkVeUN8gSZU5tGy7CL5ytOQbYHy4llIgOF1L42fm1UUbzx/96EdXXfUEaflV8A38E58cLgbE+SVls6/llZOFa3nySoatcKGTU8JYM+wZd9diZ7r6DpdVT7Qm/dqUlp9tNybqzJj8d7jr6IcfbX1QZiw5jWRg8rF9OLdVTDhWA0w6Pe0rgwO/aAVAWX9ePR0u/KVveCo/ecNX5fJCMohndeVP1Zv9qw30qjNpKI9GOK4dLCaL49D8xT1tnD0ceEvRfU+WybP8lGVlUvo1x6p64Qdr3HYdht8YRde1+uriRwrWGLoOpsxDqXvUxKYvdFVqpTa9nWX0m/5XRp+7F5SbpNHjOMZLvJXOfuOlPuC3PiqL1/Lql591przgRJMDx3Ewr8wPn5roOVgzcjxb2XGGSx/MJfGMZvnanvzI4+MmO1z65S1w8vqjP/qj1R99Es2Nn/3sZ9c8zZYbwze+8Y1r5VC9ZBI+ecCxmmlcOaSve93rVh6OdszP1ZMmYzrgYdPfMpFn5fEhTd7SonIhfPlw4eDDtZecXvOa16w+Kcfn/Q731OHytELBTWxuWBMz4YiEYYIiIIIUrIK4ucFEeAzBD/3QDy0PmlftSZyTZinT0nGrL2iow8nzUbyewqLlicWH8BggXxa3HOpJjEJQHgPmSdZk6aCpv6ShPH/8x398qVwGkcFB36rFVKr7PbBXbR/PQg7XT/3UTz3hyVwf501SXkqWpc6HmJA8LXoLMUfLGLYilKMlVcbhUo8RzKEmdzHa2jeWyuIlHG3vUV+UqbPD6I8QrZ1eK1z+vNpE06RjYprbhk1E4CJ4k1d55VZs6bu3pmqr/kjFyQuexQnTB7KoHrhQGThYfY1m8CmHKeOJn6xL8XSscC0xL7nKGVcOaJ+FmONEbsmbjgXz8DbHKvmSfTiNdSmYMK8bK+PSeBpLYdLJjmoHrnp4kHeP4X++pUjH20bUvxyqyqUz3yqX1JfmTdgedOMhPl3PsnipHN/xqKww+zwffKuX/KKNrjpsft/hmh8+1ef57S15Zba8OGP+vNr92Rku/KOnHSn6tRFv9UW/2bubuMKln//7v/+7+M/hajzInW7ZMjY3ChwocnVUwiduvM3tjWzjoB58crGq9WM/9mPr6I6tV3L2XcdHH310zaP//M///AS9Vt+ZO4sv8gIdtvrO6fPga8fF6mTHkPAnmqNtdZqv8PTVr3517UCwu3jBF1ruV3O38auN1dB9+rmnDhfnh5I6+/Txj3/8/MUvfvHycFPw3eHyCrZJq4HlYPmUgC2XBEqovrvCgVImdFMQsteDnRVCo5v4K1/5yvKqv/M7v/Pc5Pq+971vXdsetB+tvrYsrTqzYVDxytFTRiHQQhPud3/3d6+nKG1rM8Nzn8b0Ws3iVeBwMaCUN+WsfzOVzzBNPOPKeLmBOVk5WjleHCz5YJyythSdy0OTLAV5N7G2jK92Gtt0RTm8PVY/PidcWeMjTU9K6ZpJiQyabExE8iaj3tJyUyvjeDVhgVenMkYKPQ4XPuqDfG3iI57qfzD8iq6Tg+v0GL36BCe8vQ685CV1Hb58vJE5XtR3TxnPY4XrzgqX+4M9IH/yE6TJ2yTQWCpLzo2xsjn26rreI7rVASufDqinLB6047o0evDjzaF59+h0uOhxMT2XKpv6HIxe97DhgdnDkgdObWuz/nSNn9qXjy9yShbScNSL59Jowkk/K5OqsztcrWidcrg4Xa18nXK4oqk9tI11vAdTftNXuHK4ODb6lbz11bagFUMvWOj/m9/85vNHHnlklb3//e8/f/vb3762Ix0FqZ45mYPEvqOhHF2LFBYtulYmpteveMUr1iJG17Z0bWFyoDlv5t6XvvSla8WN7qUrPltjt4w/gCeLHm94wxuWczbb+I3f+I3F77xn1417n37uqcPlfAEjbsvFABGkya0B2h0ubwRZdSBkB60dzGsfXx2CBXOQ2TkqQZnBBRff9KY3LS+6gSJ4N9z3fM/3rO8wuQZjVAwgT1l9y6gGs3NjPohnb5qRySmrLSt2Vua0J6DnprwJgaILrXA548Eh9kQhdlhSX/WJsWR4yVwEd/OSSw6Xj5pyvIrObbXq5YZ0gN5Thz12k5gnJtsC6GtHtBraAXVPRlYQyTWj7QxCPJbWFyncykutcgqNE6Npj9/ZLE9vJiMTib/2cXNr33k0/fE0RQdNRDlUJiZnYBz47Ltjf/VXf3XpmHHg6BTD4X/ryAov5BWP+uyMFj7wAM95lWQhpfPqGRe8ajd5gdNh52BqA9/OVWhDX8lCmx4itCHSdzTgmMjktaGu1KqvMT0crjsOF+eZw0Vezk+RlUPnxsX5HnqbvJ1BBCNr8pR3jksgczbGmaHGQ9oqORzj6rtbxls74PQuewVuzLSNtrGXsk1gRTpu3E1Q7s/pcKEH9oUvfOEJOu7Bgp67B9hqD0v0G57UVo0HT/TsCuAbHXzix59N41M/RRM43U8/9Wl+3BeOc1/pH7i+5JjRX7JFVxt4YhN830w/p8NlN+Knf/qnV2RX9hWuYI6ZvOhFL1p9mCtcxhVt/GpL37RhXKW2wPSRLG7DCtdnPvOZZR/0TzSP2vlht9g7feZsWfGiL8bB2NomdO7LW4nOCb7rXe9aOoBGOFL3AV2SN47JUZ7+s/+c9uZsu0r8AjoIh47TaefLvBChzNxA9g74o+t+9L1Etvtnf/ZnL9vAuzG0GmvctH2/wz11uEwkBtLNRBgGm+A4YoSxO1yWA60SEOhb3vKWVZfnrY4VMjQMlBu2gU6opQ4GOrBtoCx5FtQzWAIFwgOlMhEpN9mYaNFRV7REalA7JK99gfPgI3rRVx9PNyHEJ4er1R38i/osFcir/rpWD1wqqssA23LtzJbD47YPezuR0+Wa0yXlQKvHAUYLfbF20W18aws/cGp3T0/xNnGqi54YPhzOBX44XPSgFS3ntkw+UkbHSlbpzDdB9WYj3SUT23Poa7vgWphlU9Zg4Uxe5asDTj5C+jzlBRfOlNlC/tpDwayPZvhwjjNcF5JqDOhDK1zsUeMgL0zZVacyafhws02N40VLF+NdXbDgxi9acJVnl2p70p300YPfGa7pcHHcW6ltdZZtpsd0P93Wd5OmVFSPXWUjba1po3bwkR7jWagv9W0VjvJ0Flx+x0cHzdpgr5OBdDpctqha4dLn3eFS1hmu3lKcDle8o1uoXXKVx49+u7dv+pYix9m8ZyzNzcbVHPeCF7xgzbv6bPHBLpCxoe9k4yHRPMyJ9kCtnqjMblBzZPKsbrIkW/MyfM628vTWeKqXzhtvu0hskra9MEf2HLEeYjhmVss4gukTeh6EtMFZn2Pa2N7r9J46XDxZE5qbWuAZv+xlL1tPI4RrguotRQPw0EMPLSeMwN3knvI8SRlktJ4qcIAokokefcpiIA2Ip0c3nq0TytQBSk9Z3phhXLVl0Krj2ts5thTxp1xqP5sjaNXOoGrrG2Fwn0o+4PgX2lLs0Lzy+lJ/XO+RfOC6AURL1DlUOVeekB2WL1Uuvve97136wEAmS23Ji9ra09qfPMVr/YFTv1bnvvYT3qyL/67bUnQekENF52Zq0pllJiRlTVpNTOooR49MLKlrW6yt+naKJzB4RTjpYfjhSOs3mKheMkx+1Y9m5VL3g/Lqo9knLY4VrjsrXMayP68mtymv5Dlln6zJXiRXdebYVRatu6XGGD341ZFGO5jrxjNelLnH2DQrQPQ1x4me7jruuocNuCK9r566rXBxPKYOxV+8JadkoX/JSj5e5etDOOFVN1rS5Cll5x281j9ziK1EUZ9LZ74yzpL5KIdLO9pGc7YZH/EIdlMdrnTHNy05Ipwkem1eM1eSowdODgo5GB+7RM44m4ddk4e5m1PGjrdCb+XPHGkFktNETntQ1jja7uPc4alyMPOrOdtYWml3RhuPVmnhetvUilc6oK5yDxNeYDNOojIrlPSCz4D2/Q731eEiAEuBlvwoPSPvUxAESGCMm1Uv14Sbwqvn+qmCLSRKpY0GlMJYMrYc6gyX//OzWma5kofPqbNkaZAoDnxtqc/gUFDbjAazcvTtObdlBYbXmxDiM4eLsxH/0vL6Su6VVU4uIjmTWYfmOVgcr5yvVrk4Xcqk3/d937fqWOGa9PBUW/Ji7UiDS9WDW/nkb5d/NKKpT6JrqZUofXBuwKRi4pE24TQ5KWsFQFmTUSl85R3Cz+Gqj6Xxja/Jd/xVTgfjHZ+VR6cy9JJbMLjK0JQKYPLoVl7eNfjhcF1oD3kIxnw6XMkQXJzjk+zJOPkrM06NheuJp7zraNa2NPxw0DVmszz6tYvv2nOP0W2T0nSm0uN0l96m7+mxvoPnmLGLVkXQ6wzX5Cue6vvksz7BSWblweI9GtL6AN91eJXbsjT5c57MF1a1WsXKuZKSwXS8OFz64NMWtZsMtdF9JV/b+iJvK5U+3MQVLjLsDNcf/MEfLHnW18bEdbKwwmWbkRxECxcWF174wheu3Qx1lJNh41bdi7vozm9jps6v/MqvrIWKytBw5stKlXHRriNHxvM7vuM71nYh+g7RO38HP92y/WybeHe46qc5Gu79DvfV4SIwA+NwngPr9tc7lEqwDs1zhHjWBgiu8pTiqYRnmZGDZL9dPQJHy6E8b0Z0HsyAO0jPw7fnyzv3BGd7rPbgWL3xJGBfGu/4UG6vm8fdypc64DchxGdnuDzd6Jdy/aDIlJYzKTo7ZRwaA3huPjcIg8fQOcfUKhbnytOKMXB2y5koeQ6XFS5GixFE21MX+lJjp33yFTxRKYfn3ICxa2zAvRWjrhtWKu4BDX1BB55xbAzRchYPP85cOZv1T//0T2sbsQnHpKOcwy7Ke6ozMTVJmYyccQHnaJGJVNCWdsgLH86x4KOPKYILJhDl4HiVqkd3peRfX+FNedWG5XbfEIIn7ZtP6sMhX+Xq1xZY4344XGsoLu9jOmAs2STyTp5kSWbGzCvxjYcxTpbkyvaAGY/0r+0ZcHquTuMh7ZtQ6IjGTDndSX/UK8JBQxvpOVuGvknLPWo1n16L9NeKRA8WUg6Xb8ul//L0Xv85Z1I6f3Z2tujZEbDCRA7JQpva757uvFb2G7+2kcgheThjEw0pXe/+CIct0kdwffLtM+3YkegtxbYUOVdWZcwfIkfM/b07XB4UfQcKL9rTl8ZDO+yMcU2m5Ct0HvkmO1zmO3MaWZOrcdFnQZ4cjJm3FD2IN38q7xyVBQp1imDRQmMP8OAI5gp6RF/gqmfMHIA3rtp2j4CbXzlTyhzhwTsc9JThzUrc7nC1Eklva3fn6V5e31eHq0E1OdjSI0TLh8oJ0sdK3SQEJTZYVxUcPAaSsaktk5uVM6+b2mdW7inNSpfJlsOlHU6gfWNvVqLjgB+v2ipYhhCe6G0N258GvnauyuO9HOxTbVFyIYeLXPRBuT6YSMjHXjhZMDRugOAU3QHtDLAnIR867XtbHC4OWB897cOnHDJvKZK5m0wb6GvHzTwnNDLmHBgDMDicLvwV8QnmbVUpentw86HhLCEceoe2vkg5GSYlr0M7f+apqCd7kxHjopyzWDQhNRG5qR34BdN/f6S7O1zascytr3iRmnzSG7yYfPQDTOppmpwF9U0K+pCs5Jv04MEhH/TVh2ei1oYgNZGQgQjPuM5xPxyuJaqlG3LGlm6wCT6SOR0EY2YMyboPn3ICcqiMB2fJgWyyJnNjNh/c2A7HHBoTqUmefqNvbDzQaaMxpRcmS/ThySub9xEHAYyjwbnwpnUrzHSUjqe/dJ3+9uFecLrsCIj+91ChTud1rA55kMGjdvDJrtK5XX/hiOTiwDuconti2s/uZ3KAI1WmDTF5kacXnfpMhfmiFS52xZke0TaUt4VPOVxsn3ETp03QzrQ72urDpzfd4dIvc5lFBWNGh8hUn+XnWFlpstBgF8rYcaTtTnA26WTjIa2evLgHZWyUyKay//PDznYZnAFzL8Bxn/nSAN11IB5vdNrq2kc+8pF13+HJQ7xFkt3hYrP5FZxz/bzf4Z47XATnDRCCz1DIO2hNAaw+EQxhc7jaUoR73aCOr337Ows0DYwyN5gtRU9FL3nJS5bxSKk4BwyXJx684MnbLG5ob2JYSu+mxDe6Xkd1o9/E4AYRyIRi2k5TNsdGH4uVw1HmWmoycvN4M9GKVkZdyrkqNc7g0hwuy/07/akftQEnmSsrVibFl7S8vpWXqhOOdEZPwvphla+nekahvNTkJFXeJCQV53YMHLrL4WLskxUe4mnyMnmrX/U3PAYx3sHkwdR1XZnryqKrbnSin4FNBtVzfXyHaw3TkrGc8aXfXuRhm8g6eTYmjce8TqZS8hZmXeXwlckHk29swaMdfmUXXF78ggVXN5pwOSFs7zw0z4GyIktX6a40p0p/XYvluxek7CB5cDziU3vxH7/SeEp/4c8Yn6d0tD6V6mn59NcDYCtczhxaOdFfzlXbiMo8DLI1bTN6G04fOJD4SaYzrbx+1TbnmTxv2gqX/uiLBzBzG3vturGZ+iQP3/xm1d+iiDNext4WH925bkh+pY71cJaSr7NjnCnzs21i865xsnDir/3gCY6o4CU8OBZSHA/Cs/7AdcDeylcPJtfl99nGv6cOlyVbys57bYClDBgh9fo9QSnzX4pel09Jrtt5g8qAWI7kFaOrjPBtIRoMe9jynkC1Z8UCnjZ5757w3LSeKq3cuMmUZ1CsmvCsvX59E4N+CK1w2TNX1viQV+NhTLpRpCm2PEeFc0Genox7Os7RknK0OF+tAHlKYvDIN7qNdWNQO8GleCvCF4PL439e659rIfjECdchTX3w4oBJxSRksmkSagJy3eTTZNRk5brJiwOHnhcz9Eecsk338QUWj8rxmbzlZ4QHJ767hoOOQMfVdw1XgBed+i9VBicelOV8HofmL+4P40pXrcDb2hLIi6ySZfInZzDX8sk4XLIuKpOPRnUbq+pGJxrBpTMGl0aXHvi/vFMOl371VqI0XZfvAWKWtRrG5pmwrWJpP92pTe1XtvNaefKp/iwHS3+Vh1uqjjak0+GypcjZYlNyrDheleWMgZmk3Z99aT56aO4RD/VJyt7fRIdLvyw8WDTwv7fGn0z1T9wDXJ/E4VxZtWXfzZO289iY64Zdrmyj3SRtg9Efq28cQWNkPrYaT+8+97nPrXsPDlxOry1RW4xWWX0fzAJL/ZG6X425vHG73+GeOlwJVJpyN8gJY8IISewmvq6w0FbfMrqbTnATKwumPVEZHhpM18rhVe78UW8pKofro51W0ORvYkjuHC4G1LkqBtaN6CbzJJR8pJZmKX/GmCOq71bHTEg+9eGGtFTtBnEzeILhbHG0pG5gcDcIo2VLNjmTIedY+zkxvs3i9d/4YAQs/+cQ4RNf4HjRJ3xXH78mhvoqNWnmQJXaesCPbVUOFScRr/h3/syTcBOROtoF86BAN0RnYsDwxmmx9cKgwCVX2yN4rL/6pS0wdURbTeD6I2VY9KE2beFOGuRVm1JPiYxh9eVtu0RDW+RFDujTdUbO1hEYfqzycaIPh+uOw9WRB1tbZNQ9Iu+YQfrFxlj5SZ7k3jejjIlogiBrMGl/GEz/jQka6DsjZVtEG8ZZ0I4xs22sbtHDn3q1YaJCQ/TkT7fnCpdyOk6HrezTcWcP0aOHdN1ZLg+a4PQbPp45XPTDVh/e1UGP/s3X/PFpoq6f7gP6nH6C4xkd9eFp20N594D+2MYCQ190H7mHwabD5dtbzkyKDmW3wmXy9kDV1qKD17au9MG2KJl6kI5+qQdxbYCLtpPxZ9tV3Zu2wpVusB9FY5EdWAo2fpSDG6fwyMGYidcNybHUFq0VLTYNb9oR0I4/19pWBi42JnAqt5JlmxHcHEFfONWOESnTl/sd7qnDVYcJicATWgKUBquswVV+3ZCQOQWWQzsDgJa2U7KdD+2oK2q/lEFidFvhMkn5gCpj+nT4u25/vh74+idwuBgQr+GSkzNBDHZGLXlQZOerwOCI5MfZUt9bil4iICuppV9GmoFqa5HTxcj7Dpc6nGFjIaLl5iJjfEinAwIu4gFcNNmpozz9cZOpBy7l2Ohr/dUf5TM6K4AfDheD64Y12ZkkpM63mFhMfiIcDpZDxCYq5/9MGnDAnIMiF5NdvCSv5KnPsy/wkoP+4NeEoj8iubtWPzwGh5zA62911YerXN3kpY76YHDmuOLHxGSCPhyuOw6X1RBbinQtvTGe5DXHk+zpW2NOP41ZYwK3MYPTvQTemNJjjovzUFLjq46xEuFyBtQtpltoNO7axp+HGro4HS46TK85dSL95STSXXrsu3OcC7A+2itPv9tS5OSlv/osr338SwV9p3fgeHQdf/EKlo6SCV1OHuSVfqa/6CiHg15birbC/cWbTw5Y1Wpli8PlO4pgHpKlnCX3uwcp/MxxbXzjTzsivsjUQ6D74yY6XMlNmr3UT9d7aAyk9A+OOUFqTJ5pQNN4OHuFZrpdHl/adt1YpDvxpFx829vedrnCBd8/zHhQwK+xVe9+hwfqjHQPdRBMxPDs7I4fXund4MoNtEAw8LW1h2DK4exBHTjBXcPDI/pNwnBscTEujBTYKXqVg52CM1CejNx0aNrudBZJPj4mj8kqOU6YvPL6UJtStE61D3fW2+k9nWs8CjlcttME5ZOX+hJf0nDwxXAx6BwuMrGaxdHKyVIm35aitD+vbksxevV/tiU/I5xT+HiBl1zhlJ/1le/BipQ+OMfG2cpxMu7lTUaia5OSCWnC4CqDEz1P2/GKh8n7LAdzHby08uoqL+5l81p+73t9BhO1N2NlxxmuC0mRjWCs6QaHy0QzbQW48Uim8umhfPIFV+564it3jWaw8tGUxsukN8vC2eGuORytcKW3OVbprzS9hgOeLs97AM7Z2dmi5+WU2o1X7ZWf+qePxSbv8KY8Zv1TeWVF9TlhvoNofJyb1FcPcUVOV3lpcM4SmXgYRCceJu3ypeF4OUF7z7bDlX4Yf23tAR94nak6yXnHRwMsOe/w6EQjPKmyPaCX8wJnD+BTVmiEr3wPaJhPPdhxovcQH+iKe1AWjnnEQ74yB/HnpyziCT/y3V87veBoimjBr51T+NVB86nCA4zHUxGrQ/CKGtmDshg9BQ9WZ9EyGK7B9tDqChjcPShLkPJ1uHYSFF7c4FJ44OFOmuGA3Y3/nLh4g1ectOS1E+wU//iDk/FBO/7A9hCtu/G341/lunZOOVzaA49PvMrjsXI4yhkuKwDocLY4VFaycrQ4X5xeqai8L80ziGhEH+3anvIAr73glcVjvKXXyhuzSR/eHrz4oA9egTapeMKXmnhMOCYh2yyu7wZXXp39w6fGOR6kIj70RSqml/LJuHL46Qrek4Vy9cKb5crA0Zo0lYmzrHpwD4frQjvIQsjhcni38QIjQ/olGIPKyDXZTvxwwMqrI7qeY6We8uhoI1xpuJW7njFcZSYjuu3wc/pMl+mqvkk5V/J0vQg3/PQazJYierYH4y/+40e5UF/xAafyeMWnvlZ/wpXDC2f2u7wVLgeoOUDuYQ6V/oqtcHG0TMCnHC4frhayE+hGu/xM8eMMl4fMr5fDla1YjI2fKTM8kVURbA/pnlQ8FdQH06bUOEgbh1mn8QM/1Z46k6/oxPekJQ+39k6tmKmvXAp3D8rixfihVYwXOEVlYn3d6YGhJ8rjG7278R9ebe709usHYkDFPWgkggnjyVaIwo3pU/RiHj30Uyx19gCXoFrC3OGutZnB64ZBS736VpuuE+Dd+huudA/xKm3A0Ol6xwfDB1qn+gdejEYyOYWfHOJxb+/pXONPOOVwkacXHTwt2DaVek1XwKfoqcQZDQ4Xg+dPcjlanKocL2c/fOvGWSepbUYwK1y2aG29zTa02Vjij0G1xy9qS1Sm/cbUIc549PTpUGg8ouFafTD1bQfvwfkP/PRZCNsoJhcTjdiKZq/NS203mqRMSlLfN3IIlxG3Gkomc4ULH4x1/eh7M3jUF/cFPp1hgYNfT/D0pHFHA0x/0XK2B4wOoWF7Jjha8JQlD7S8hUvm4FLbVsrh4OVwuC60gywEY8vB8OY0mZFVuidP3spFedt8ykU0bEMZq+RNx9NfY+cpn/MiWjXymQTjqS48OHS2Noyp7cb4k7oOLjXGeATjfLhH/Vdq+klHOxdFz+mwLXLlPgEg+kJ3DhcHzT3hO3N9FgLcvZos2Ci6S6fIQbQ9hwf90Rd80mt9wCecdByeSKfBRbScOSSD+gNfPfXJy5ai/llVbgVL3oqXKG9bdXe4nFt1ntTYdF41HvAaD6XNW/inD8+2w6V/9VN+D5XBCS+50rU9GJtkX92Jk26pi57+oecabA9ogYnGeg/R05Z8vFVvx8efdkt3ODraksLbgzairS040toHmxEtcGVw9hD/cKJXf0/hKxPZVzSfKjzA4Hu18sMf/vD/h6vxCLrp4DlAGQN7BZ31z+LiKeEoU9dhTx83s33luk7u9DxxeZJyHugUvZTJDeaGczA6evGeYF37WwuH6DrUubenbm1yCvYQbbx4WiIPh5FdnxK2ATN5uymdwdgDeupyWvwxto8S6pN6pwaXM8PQ9WbQTu/pXMf3KYeLzPDNEPXhPxOHOmAi3hl2jgrnwttQnC0rXK1uOXjeoXJ5y75wrHCpwyDSQ21oS5vR15YbW7nI8JqskhE5J6pCUwAAIABJREFUwXUI2cFaNPDDICsP7mxJcPXh78FZK0+tzrk4LMyZMsn01O+sVhORg7beoAGjM618mbCc5zIpcbR2h8uNiQ9Rf6R0IF7phMlGOT71hU4kD6nJXN3gTWiNC3z1oo9Wuls72gAnL9GEX33p4XBdaAdZCDlc7lP2izzBRONHxhwiY0KujVk4xoiOwyNv95GxAEeL/E36HC6OBFw6Dk6H4dB9ddMNOg4uSOlF4yml4403h4tuszH01oMBHaW76a8+0nG6nw4718X2e+DglHG4wDvDxWHL/uFTJIP4IItdt/CdLPRFJK/uVTyTTzqMhvtXeTJzH6W/nCHzif61wmVOkLdV5Xtc8s4KnXK4PATit4c0shS1VT9KjYlyDpd7++vlcDkA/ta3vnWN7fzRtkDm5GMr1V/e5AhOXHl644iE+ZH+7CE9lWrT9yizrerugTNN1r7qfgpObsbR8R2fdDAPoA033idNb5XCa+6eMHn1tHl2drbOZ+1wNOFol26Sh7lFOT4ay5l6mcLLb76rtgd1yJY8vQzn25vuXWVge9Am2dq9gfNU4QHELLticg91hMAYAUrcn0Ceahy+f5MX5fdgIDHl5kGrt0Ma4B2fYePYeDOEwPaAL+UmRvSmITzVeULhWDBMd6OHhpvSW3B7iKZ2HS71ummG8W7yIFev31qR2UM3L+Phjb4cy/q14zNu+ulGoxDPRkgO5OIJkROcEhvD8lK4pforX8r4iM5w6bMbTWyVS165a46YtL/20adoa7NYmX5OXrQ5r8NTHkzZHsFmGf5n5Ph5avWGnsnFBNQ2ikmniac8HLHJyMQVTNp/M1rp0q72tRfvU37BpeD1I54n7swHnzR3+A5LBtWVqiMKUi8QkMVxaP6Ow0W/neHyAECGyUxKhsmz8v2a/ZiyDk/a+EfLmDVOs63KjNMsj0YpeO1L2TT8t6WYLtNder5vL1aePtNtZek6h4uDY3Vp9ktb6W99nXzUr8rwm37Wt2RQ/egpTz/hBmdbTXr6501EfeVgmjuk7Etl8iLb7UUqfXBoPrlJZ0yO0uSt3a+Xw0WWbHu7AavD4wdvyc5Kof5xnMmo+WmgL+dJ//QZ/h6SIZ3meHqZyfyD3qmABn+B0w5vD+ipy1+Ax6nBF75P0eTQw+MM3o0e59tY2lHYgznUuODfwwo8Olm/dnxtcJLogweDPeCz/tup8eko+mVM0NwDZ1+bPmR8Cr7jX24pnkImIJ0hMPmucxR2YuApq/we1ItO+QRzqn1lwdHdA1g8lccrntHfQ/TgiHsAF9AsP3HiHS/qzz6A7SGe7kYvOHpoRc/1qfYrBzsF39u/yjVZCRwuE+x0uLQHLtY23K6VifrHcIl/+Id/eLmyldOVo1XaylcrXIwfmvpUe/Uxmc82k6cy+erIC9XB285vuGDlSztzxeFqcmnCkZqYpHPy6XB9E1QpXNsYZDK3FLUlJLvkFz/6HQxucphl8smKzsT/rAuHHKTJAJ7r7pHKo6e8/OFwLbEt2coZTxO6vx5LzlPu5aVC4xYuuaaryVi65xuj0h0H7WDSPa7GB476cE45XB4W6HOrs/pIf9P5yul7DxfdA1YI6LbPX9QHfY2fqUvgyUQavjQdlRfVT3bhKatedeBUNh0uKyY5Vfpcno3hnJjcTZBgfYfLqrU2ar8+VKZc6FrbHC79f7ZXuMit/pPNHuIxXZKK6t0NPwfibnDl+tb8o33t1O/JQzC42txDNNQF71qq7h60q33xbu3V1in+k5UUHC468qf4A9MmfOkeKpfGvzquxT1UjtYp/nf8BzAmnkJGxGCBiRNXfg87zg7HHIGIaKOhTP6UcMIPb6dXeZ0Gj1fpHrSrTm3vcDwU0dzDbA+t2q3fO37wcE/BlUU33u7G36R3qn87/atca0toS9F2mqcNW07SfdvC9oAnA3BbFs50oWF1jMPmw3iekqzWeSVXfh6et7JluxbsHe94x6rnFW79QUcfnRNEWzt4sAVMhslZqn1w7Us94ShXX4pv5W1ZtE1Zf9FTd0Yf4WNEOVwmHU9ftlZsEzq/5dpB+iYkE5HtFQbbuRhPfVY+m6icTXNGxJI/PvDsCTEe8Unf9E8/bVvAm301NuqAkYm0MUFHf8hLX6MDL1gytV0CBw9i8sKDaNVX2/gQvaZNFscK18X9wdEgDx9S9LTbWJCp/Bwz8mwrHtyY2UkQjDc4J0G5sSBveqjcuIlsga0UZ7lEOMY5/YVDD6b+arP62sJT7XNE8D9XuOipM1hiOu7pn3OVY+U6OP225aiebSD3PIerPtA/7ZEPPvVBSLfST3wK2T39toqhbpGd0Rd0RPJKN6VoqJ8sW+FyD9tC9NmHHC6pSAZgtpREXzknkz58qo0pT3njFQ9SZe4TNkDdZ9vhqs/mXfk94EGfBXk4rpPFjg8+5bzDoxUN/S3MfGW1lx5XXqotfEnL7/oQrhQdNPMzJkw+3ru/dnj90+Zst/6cwkcruqfgynbZKktWs07tlE7YqfwDOhyjO0ICizl4KYL8HmKSEO4Gx1jw6ONBfg/wEuipzmpDeYMfvfjd6Smf8RQ8mqfaqy5Y8cn4A2twT9FTBh7/rtXp+hR/tQvn2QiNU1uK9q2dJfHtMsbUZAInmZq4fXunaFKgE57+GSAOV9vKlsX9d2KH6K1wiZww5f1/pe/j6Ff9ZkwtC1sixoO0JV28wLOUqxwenHnGA6/4xmM4PrDX2JIbh0PdGa1EmURyuCzV49fWt+1o514YWpORjz1K2zLVRzicMo4YWCtmvt5fX9r2Tp6MPFjnd/BjggLXT/qgTvIGNylVn9xMVpa0weA5SExe6heV+bikdqQcAPJAX2oyrL7UmU7jeThcdxwuOu4txc5bkTV5kpezjFOHHTVInu4lkzRZGzfyNmbG3bg1ZtlWqXHzcc/+44+Ouy/UFdChB9ooOkOmDVGgW/HQf2NOh4suOyBPv+mxlHNFf0WrXR40bOV0D9iesqrrbC15OHtDBulnuhUfUo4l/uOFbLJj+qG/dBycTNDgVIF1D5AXePLupQJ09DOHy8eLrSy79zokz9mywsXh6gA9nAcffHD1wQMTPo2rNmbEm6Adsncf6Qvn8+vhcKVD+NH/PYCDSScu3swlewi/eeYUnIyjVwpfO3vQTvoJdw/g6OEdXKoMLeV7UF5/kvXEAYvGKXj8wqnN2p10yoPlAMrvQdmUB97RvZs8ahf8FL2d/j398One+HF9/yVAoYRWuGwpCspnTPEpmHLKJaVoyhgf8dQZLk4LZ0TMQbHd6Kv2VsUs8aM3abvuRlRe+7UNHs4On7jd5NFSv/6tzPhx/sMk0pfmc65MPGKOVE//4J3hmmUmJKsADp6jN7cU47t+xKtUVF6qXzt+9SovVV5UX3n1qyMVdjjcyuThHYfmLxQjmRlfuvrwww9fOv/JmOyS356qn36CySvb8dBK9qXhdK1e/CgLjtNgewpPtJWG/xwu/aHT9JQO52Cl43RbhNN9AFbelqKHE84R+vo1+4aP+IsHqXJ47kv5HTbL1I+GcrEyNKrrDKy/b2N/OFS2DlvVsqXYFqK88lKrU+pYpUY3mrUVv11LlcHz5qR7+9le4brQuuP3tkrgcLhu68hesV+MiHDK4WJcMnBwymd4MnieGBhzBsh/YO0H5Dlczm3ZSgymzKF59RhAtGsjw5fBk+Y4gYnwM9rlJ3/y6gn4VUca79I99GV4TienqQnH5NQEJTXx9DmI6YgpN4FVL3rT4cJXTqp8fOG1a6lY2Z7Ge+kOj07wKTMw5dFXt6e3ysAPh+tCO5KhcaffVrjoezoInvyTLb2U7xrOLJvjAeYajUkrmriI1qQH1zU8wfUewePTCg/nwpva9JOu0vF0uzNa0pwqMHll9Drd9o8LDs1zuKzexddsr7L41H8xfuovuFB/XZdHQ0h2ytUPJ1pWprydxpZYkWVPOJiOKkwHazph8pwlb1fbUtSWOPmaeW3O+PU6NL86fPzcWgkcDtcNGtp5w8s/GyE6pxwuE7GtNwbN+RFbXS3HMnaiZV5nSRhfBs9/KfYWojRHy5Zbf/WjjOPVl+adq0DD1oC2tKntDK9UObinWXltTziYeujAwWcGFC7+lcOz/eN6Dxwk/bDC5SyWCclk06RkkrJl2F+dON/SCoDJCJ7JCFz6S7/0S0smHC4BP3is/fqiH6KJRRqf+qk/lauvL/oGR0QLzfqaTGwZGq/wqhue8mSOhnEMRicOh+tCO7o/jC39fuihh5bMlSdrciND8qRX8sapCG4MjSe5p8vKowNu28x5PVuHaKEvwIHbWErpsTGbOO4Z7RfhgYucEA6XIwNe2ae7Uvorpuf0XrmUHvcQER4HTF1beOh5a71+SrUVf+Qgpr/g+oE//as/4YAlEzpOf/WTvPRV/6IhVQ8dxwescBmfPgthlctnIDhdVrikrWyVcrjc72wRntxH+CfvxiVZlmpXsLV5rHAtURw/15DA4XBdQ1j3GzVDUPps8IOWcMrhYvw8yeV4MLrOTk2j5GyK80yeFBlg57GsZFnBYshEHxYU/al1f2Zte/E973nPMnj+4R1txtzKkXMcGWn8cR46M2Xi+8pXvrKMLT5ExthZEvVNFCYPfEZD6nyLutoxifgvtD1wtBhgH4f0vTkTThOR1FkPZ88+//nPr+jFAO1FV+q8Sy8M+FaNSSCHS3vxgVdy9ckTk4t+MObyYPqInrxJuDE36TiPBiai4VwJGaifvPCbTMnO5ASmHTRsBZFDOM7QJE94h8N1oR1kIZA1/fZdHt/ea8xyBFr9SV+ciVPXmJCrc0vpClpem8+5gMfZom8Or4vocUjA1NeO1ST6IGqns1D4g0e3gkvh030wTgbdto3vhRU6SsfxBJce4MuZLmcsPRz5dp4zW/QEDI4zXmC+B8jhcJ9zRvQTj1N/0y9nuPRBf+HRX7TSUamzockDri27dJOOZ3fABPKtPnhnyjhcvY3ogce994lPfGKlznDNFa8cLo6ZtpyXQ5+8krvyGTllYIfDtYbh+LmmBA6H65oCu5/ojBUDKmbIGQjRJPp0AuMhcLgYZB/JU8b4aUeaIZTWHpzgykxGojNczml1VotjZUWLYS6CcUw6w2UyQE9ESzv1r/LaDqd0litzXdlMo6Ovsw+VSx201QeOlwmGQTfxTYOrzARlMskJnH8BNN9idCaMw+U7XNrUp/jTnjJpPIGFEzwcafDKqgd30pWvDD35STfapeiBT5y2Q49D83ccLmPZn1dPeSdHZYI0WZJtY9e4wW+M4HUdPJjyYmXoV3a3NBz04sOWIgdp/nl1jhaHJYexMjp/Kp/+e0vRvTIfjvBYjDc8zH7F04TLK1c3XGX1OZi+ZHOCwePw9V+K7jnbiWyKlIMl5YRVZsVLnsNFJn0WIp5mqm1xl+m9+iyEPs9+L0aOnxsrgcPhukFDZ/mcgXMDZggYB9fSpxOqx+GySjW/w5Vxg6O9bv7ads3Rc81wcdic4eJYcaraOszhklZm5cu/uZvETAbRlGa0pwGuj+D1uXzGt3SnBR9MqI688hk9HePHfymabDhdonyTT0/6XZuAOF/SnLRgnJYcrmRXn6SzLB4nXN4Y4FmA35goSybRqt/Vk6ILT14Mp7bBlQWvTm9YHg7XHYeLfnO4kueUv3HpurFJpmRcSP5SdQT5xqHxriwapfDDDcf1HqMbXxwMnyiZDle63ApWejudLWWVw2/VqjNcffAx/pJN11J8ivICHBFv9WW/hqusfnU9+6wMfHe49DXniqPVildpq1wcLk6jM1x4iV5tSgWpdoX6YYWLPqARTvir4Io/sy15fLCpUm9DJqNWVK9I9kD7BpXA4XB9gw7MKba8geNJjuHIQHRDMhZPJ2QkOFycJitcaGXYSmtvh3WtrujDp7YUc6yc3eJcteIl5ZCB9+FTT6DaYWClwjREs+1gOXrah6ue6FqoDprhhAce39WTcjI4SH341FN/E0wTD8dqrnhZHQBTbjtUXh2pbTlG2ZZGk4d2aj8e8CrgD15w5fClyUOd6sV7sPqnHJ2i63CCRUcKVpvyymzH4P1wuO44XCZnh+aTXXKji/LJlizlxeRqDNOBylwn/+pHw7UtuugEl1Z/1lWensx2w+FkGM/pcOVY0V36mgOWflvBLQ8ejvvCW4rud59Q0EZt6pPgWrlrefwVk0P9rz/hScGCV2/Cow02Ha7OcHG4/M3YfEORnfFwl+Nle1gfOFzoJKvaq6z+zHL9pg/P1OHSpxnxYHv1scceW9uktpk5W9mCJdzj58ZK4HC4btDQOWdj9cXTpf+9cv4nIyt9OoERETrD5SA7w1t0TgRORsH/l3EyOBWicw8mHMac8XJo3lktZ7b8XZHUeRFOFseLA+b/FMH68KlD89HHi0Ow2s+ZcWZmnmfRnr+MiA+pbxIxVugI/v7IBGHC4Ag541U/wBnpJpFS3/DRD1uK6uEXr/h3nsXr48rhm3Tw6Eyac11Sf43h/E2rXb7146wL40lW+OxcDT7x40Cw/qGZzJ3nAWvCsYqgLrgzN85sqa+/gr7jSxtw0GuyphfkRVeigXffOdIGGqLzPw5Lh9N5tsPheqLD5cOnzhQ6Y5e8yb7vwBkzMjch54BLnUnKiSB3Om4cyNvYo2dibTzgOi/le08cAjR8YDT9hjfP8hl338JSnm5ZEcebNj7ykY+sh4npcOGfjjvLRcdF7eWA4cu36OaHjN3H2uqvfZwFTH/RE505FPQTL85fdVZManWIToKJ5DV1HM++s1V9OM6KaldfRN8ocw/DmQ6XP6B3bkv0cdO2FDlaHliV//zP//x6CHrxi1+8bJZvjKFjDLUxI9oCHuB0tpLcPJw92w6X7U1/OeR/ejmLxjC9kR7hZkvgcLhu0Pi54d10bnYf7XOOwn89uSkZLbAMtvQqAU0hh2t+hwu9jGKGfF6DM5za9rTHWeFI7duJVrNa6crx0gdnuNTzxBnv0Z9t41H7pXAmHP9gxQmfcthp7/LhIHEaycBkw/A/VZyOkskGfmX7ChdeinjFT/3Sn/on7RqPcOJdCi5UP7hUPUFavjYmfWWCVIxW9I9D80s8l7I2CZtgrXBxZpNZcu6ajBu/ZFtKtvDB5ZM1uFA95e6pyqXVkZavvLrRC0eqPXitcPUdLjqasyc/Ix3mdIlT/+FY9VJ+dna25MHJYwO0pZ36taf4UBY/PRDEK1j9iVa49UMa3sT1MOYPld27nCrOlf7mbLXFKJ0rXi9/+cuXzeJwxXt0k2n8ldY+B/rpOFzoz7bKcygff/zxZQ/f/va3rwdEsCPcLgkcDtcNGk8GKOPmLyZ8U8e5DDeoJz5whppRuGpgSIRTDhc6xWnsymsP3DXHyRkwX1W3hWZLyv/xSf3dhlQ0kXvCBLNaoB5DyLhEd7apDKzounYnHrhrMCFYZVJBfQH+Hjhcc0txTkJ3y5uIwXK05gTlDBeZkEd9K539wZvyItjEw2ewWV6fg9VHqXiqjWhJq1/71UPvcLgutIMshByu1772tZefD0huU/7yjV/55DrTqafwXIvVkcLf8ZQXax9/4c824kMZ54Nuc7isrKXPOVZSZVOf0+lwXXPSPFj0X4pWuGpbGr/S+MeH4FpwDR5/8vWpNPz6Ez3X4ajv2puDVoQ4XD/yIz+yVpStKotspKjfHBrHBT70oQ+tMitc7E9/Xj150kZtz7Typ/sdrvrMjstzFjl8PmshcgjnZ16WwI6fWyOBw+G6QUOZYXKjtqJlyd9/gnkt2hkFr/9nOK7SNQZEOOVwZRwyMuFm/NSTF61uiQwYw1fKyLuuTLkyUV7kcEVTG2JtZ2C1FSx4hjBcODmcyUgZ4wZXWdH1HrzhhB9L+u9617vWGTPnzO4WGXeG3DZNkXGXZ+xf//rXr35zMLWrj9K9H/UdT/gX4k8Kvz5MGmBitLuuTu3s5fDDKZ0ylT8crgvtIAshh8sKlzFqnJJlegffGEmVSRsfefIWGnNllcMT5/WE7+MYDL3qVDav0bTq4x581atetbbMbRlzQHJMSt///vevz7X4KPGu9+9+97vXqrSjAO4T9Gyd1qdkoL14ip94B0s+O2zKBP6Uhevg0ZJq07e6vv3bv33ZHzx5yGFfpK6zNaXZHXCxv/bRHprxVftdSyt7up+FQKPVPVvCnD9200Nz5+H0s74uQR4/t0YCh8N1g4ayGz5DI3Xuw5kJf5DsvNBrXvOa9QfLDMNVAprCKYcLfYbF+RFPtyYd54fUERkFZ1E89T766KPrXJmzZT6uyBH54Ac/eM6Av/nNbz5/wxvesOBvfOMbl9FmaMA5J5/+9KcXbW1oS5vT8Nky9QTuyRoPntCdfYIj6qsVvp7O0XAmaU54zr+15QfuTNMeTEBWDKehZqSfLGbQw+maUVfm2gpXhtoZOHzUFx+O5ExlYOWtKOiv/oid6dJXcH2Bg4aPUDojYzyShw9GGhPybAWjM3AZc/JSP7miGQ3p4XBdaAdZCMbBeL70pS9d+mfSBGvsjAd5txpkzBoPY+8/R+kdOlIrJODJ3PkhZ7b8Wbo/iDY2jZn62nNeMp3QVucr8YfO/h0u5xzxB+ZhjC7mbEjpurJi+go2y9JtabDoeEHGOaecLe3Rqe5l/bBdJuivvtA1MkjHyczHXoPjl06nw3DZHXVFcN/hSt4+Ruybfr6fx66wP1I2id1hfx555JH1VjS7xCZxMDmQb3nLW9anbPDgfCXayVNbjWdp58aersPl/mOznZt7yUtecv7CF77w/LOf/ezlqin47Odi5vi5NRI4HK4bPJQZ9FIHtp1LODs7O7daw2AzgIxhzgeDEr6uZ2A4XAzq/A6XG5+ht2rG0MyvW2ccGQjt9PXsvtZcG+irGxxukxWYiAYcMG0wSOqDRUc5nPjA28TRLpi0fqsPT6r/Ew5vDyZBxtuk5qCyb4X5jpglf7E/+i012Tgw70+6fQzVn3a7Fst7iQDNaUjxF7/6VR/jNRh+4dbXUn1JHrOv0THm4GDkjg4ZFOFVPzxjEn14nWc7Ds3fcbg4IT4L4QGgsWpck2NjpjwYeZNvY2FcXCvvHkSPo4w256sD9HCMB3htNHbznobjuvsMHTTig/Pij+W90NKfytPZXviQ76PE9NuqD53vj6uVdT/4E3f0HID3Rt3kER/6F4/kgS84eJG6Vi7Wp2SlPhy8uw/ARdfB6mtthKOemB6rEwxPyUtbwoSzcbWBfrHxDLc2fJ7HypTV8MYw/uBUX979iCftcjb7h40f/uEfXp9+gFv/F7Hj59ZK4HC4bvDQdvPP1JtMzkpxur73e793OQ9u5m7o8m5yoTSHyxmsSQ+OawYjgyU/DQp49JW7Dp7xcw0nWhMevYkL7joeoznbCaYsfHjhzjTc0to/lcan+sKkOa/jr/YnPli8lia/2oSvTKpsprMd5RNWfspr4qAFJk76lVe/6/iqXEqHOBiHw3XH4fJA4tyhCXTKqrHby9KjfZwqV69xXpmvbTVWhl4R7lViPMA1ro2/tAeddANuzkC0d16VVwYf78rKRz+eo1O9ruNLWl4dtIVoBq8dae1PmrO94KfKwE7xMMu0GY3KS+Ot6+hZ4aIPu8MFv6AO+ZAxx803Cl/wghes4x+cXg5l7cZDdY/0dkrgcLhu8LhmBErd3G5gqe0J501sjzm87VX2YOHruryQw+UNPWUZ0iYHdYvgGUJ1GQvXxYxHNNSrDI76rkV5EU5p7aAdDTB1qxO96Ey68vEVfjTREaSnYniT3qowHC80BbxNPOWu6wv4xGmiDq+6+FAnulL1KovP8MFnrD/Ba18ajSbWvSw6lUu11zfJDofrjsPVCtccx+RGjuQvyjdm4F2rB16ZtDGD43rqQvWUlU8XG/PamTjhxg9dakVNG67hp5toTb7jSyoW1KlMX4TaRat2lcNzHT68+goeTCpWBq+ornw0uo5v9Xa+oxs9cPVquzqTn+jW7kzhdz1pejvTturucKFVHfja9UajM3FWxGxndizDmERTHfEIt1sCh8N1i8bXDZvhc6NzsqxU+GaOrRBOGOPR5KvrrgUOF+fM+QdvHvkujtRZCXQzWM6m+KaVryDDYTxqE56ld1tzYIwSGrZKMkRS38iqDbSca1I3XmypqO9MhXYs36MLR33t+S86OA6aouEMCBg+Bd+ZAtcOOg6ool87ni7BZrQNA0dEy7kbdfVD6j/hwJIFPtR3tsaZMDh9g0h9bZEf/vQBr/hQr3Y8+YLhVV/Rw4cQDWdz4sO5HN/dShbwbOskCyn5T6dAe4y+uo1J/8+oDbx46xWfeETD/0DSh8PhuuNwWdF4+OGH15aZMTMmInnN/6qkH8bZWJI3udL5xoy803FjDk6f5wQsn27530/jQsfVjY7VbG0Xp27BwVM6hQ80bLFV39i7f9UH054zmemmdNet7vf0hp7RN/VF8mB3BO2IznA5M4gHqfu9e0gb8s5sxQca6Ti4oO/xCA8f6The6Dg+1NWP+Kiv0uwOPtwL7qv6oR3ySpal7ASYiAY+0f7Sl7500uEKT5/w5zuEXmjyYpNv+eX44lfUPrrwxSPcbgkcDtctHl83sBvaWQsThScsn2joQG8Gy43vPxBNsA6OM+QMr0nYmRBGBC2psxCMIRg8hrB2wgNTX+T4ZLQYFjjqTDgDrRxc5ISAo48Wo49HOPojKotPBl2dYIaU01J9/Goz+ugwfPFQmjGMF5OiusFzyNAR8MRoiwwxhyw+4KDDiKuvH2jhm7ziRT4+ayc+9AcN4zVx8AFWG+RLBo1JTjI4PG2gbSzA0GpMomNcowH34x//+NKXw+G643DNFS6yJO8pTzrR2KY74HB3J4Tj05jQifRCfWMupVc+AMqRolv0Akw0bvQgnZHScTopwJE31uHId8+nf/M+wqf7Hax+uK4+/dUfbac38NK7UroVHB/6PnWvezFQvz4VAAAgAElEQVQc7aXj6NPD+EiHyQv/IloeGOIxfvQFr/iAk47Diw9w/YBjjJRrQ8ju1F9pdieZahdtB/69dGCFCw1tGB8pOhzLd77znetoh7Naxs9D4xGe2xI4HK5bPP4ZTgaJcfaV5bOzs/OXvexl64voGSqpA7UmlHloPmMnLTIugjrKhAkrH+1w1cu4lYa744BnJNGpbnn1oi8fD9GddcOVgkcjmjMNJ3rhSsHQZYBdm7ikgnLw6pdWHp2JU13tC9GNn+p2Ld3pqFdb4DPf9eQvmtJTdYOre7yluES0dEautxSd4TKxClNervfxbbxKg5eSs5gjhR7c8F3TC/jKZnvVvVtaG+rJz7rRj67rWVbd6gSffQxHGg/wy0dvCeprDmBl4VR3ptGIPtzyUxazTvTiE0xwXV2p6/pUnejsvO3w+MCDvBVOK55WrtDg3BlHq/n+3syqlq/Q+wi0OtrVxhGe2xI4HK5bPP4Zm252N76/pjBpeDqzbeRJj6GwwuVMgg8DVk8qMDDTIO1GEQ44/AxVZRmqaegm/eqUxmtt1n5w7extgdVeeNKZB5/Xsz/xXB2w+hhedV23SlCb9TE6cKJVvXDUmX1UblyE6pdGZ9ad9KZMZ53wpWijI1auLXSiH53K4B0O1xqSJTM5DpcHEi+i5GxPecl3TebyyTV5h6OcjEVjELxrcDRcC42d69po7JQVg6k/4crhzDL5roOXzvJTvEYLXm2Xj0Y4rqNX2awz8SuP/+qRhbKJO+Uy8dEQStXpHpCPRk4uvMpK4yOYcrxMWdiqtWPAqYo/W8M+M0FP7BS0dao+HHpzhOe2BA6H6xaPPwMxjZGbXrR877s8vtvlCc2XlnO4rHAJGTtL6LY0LPP77o/tgAyR1JaZcsZFtFyfYQHXvjJL6lLnKOY5Em3ZclCuDTTa8owHS/G1L0WHwRQyhhxHdbWDn86NoSHgG0zUlq2JPaAdjrytAX2ID1sMnmy9oSRqT18zxGSLDzTAtEM+0ZBaaVSuD/jUTmMEjob6YKXxoa+irZDoS8lL3SJ5xUN9QlddONrT/9qAYwyCSx2aN3EcW4oXE3grXK9+9avX+NGJ9IJs53iS/dRxMjfutgjJujGb8jbGziA5ayfSkekUGDP6p1xEh27N4BptMPzAV087Il1VDic8uqIfeIRDl4Jpx300+dQv5VO/0E33tKf9cKTxWRtoKocXbtt/tZWO4wXu1HE45KVu95B+4QNMf9Lx2kEHH7OvbJty0di4d/dQP+HI14b73wMqh4tMfvM3f3N97Z49db5Lf6bstSse4bktgcPheg6NP2M0o4Ojr3vd69Zq13d913etJ7YPf/jDy9BnuJxXcKBXdE7JRD2Nh4nEBAHuIKuD5hklNBgd5TPO8yyMMMOHBvro1AaYwHgFQweOyQjteGF449HTp/Mc6mfkGFM0otOHPuEUg5c61xRMiq8Onjs463xNE1ZyZZSr73AuPoTg+qoPcBhtfDSxwjF5owtHahIm42jgI3mBcwD1Tbn6UnyDickEn+EYHxNR4wZnd6S92WrL5HC47jhcHFBfajc2xon+kSl50nvybGyNgfGgf3A4DMbKuEvpUnA4ziwpp7sOh6NnIldX1B4dV7+xzQmhG3DoRbon5STMSR+fyuNRPscw3cGXfmiffjpTFQ9wOC30BQ26CS9nKT5nG2hxnoTuRXyiPenU1+QVH7WTvOIFH+k3HLTcR8mUvDwoNiZk20NFfXXfJAv13bvBtIMX5fqoT2jpq3J953B927d92/qgM93wSR00hHRjXRw/hwS+JoHD4XoOqQJjMiOjYDL/1Kc+tZwtK17ve9/7luFisDI+1WFo5MHkxQwgWq4FZdUJDpYRAus6epVFOxqltTVTebG21J1tyEcXnVk3WHXDi+akO3GVa0dQB0yQ1lf52VZ9aEKYfQy3dsOVgsXfzFcWnXiX5uyqH1xerI3qVwavstLD4VrDuuQmZ4XLBMvhIuNk1jiTm7xxEslWWTJu/BoD5ZWFH656yuAKjWltRENaG8Gke4x+PGsHzcqj4XrWnfzIB0Nn4uJDmRResfbUi+dgUmXx0DXc6gWHI1/7UvjVrW3XYu11Hd6kURn5xlN0q1+qXrG2OMVeMqITr3jFK9Y/BMAX4x/dIxwSmBI4HK4pjVuez7CUMgwMr/g7v/M7y4A4l2CVy9MhI5OxZ6AyNhkiabQyLtIJR6OyPd3rgxerVwq3qKxyfEXH8MnfzZiqAyatTu2dSiee/LyOjnpzhcp1tMOPn2D4lFdeXh3yVR5e+a4nnWC1JT0Fr278x5N25cHLR0vZ8R2uJZZL+bSl6Pyj1UKySpb7WKgJnjwnXmXVAWsc5ljIzzYao+rNdKcZDN10Ak40dvzaUU+d7vP4korwolO+tqTpb7jaUx5u5bPOhMNDo3oTDyxbFD/Bw4cjSOEEdx2MPLqOn4kfXFoeXjJR5q1vesDZet7znrdWmMGzA7Wr3hEOCUwJHA7XlMZzLG/iYCQYC19BdpDeGYRv+ZZvOX/Ri150/sUvfvEJZxH8h6HXnZ3BsE1gid4KGQOTgWOQLPeDwWsZX3kGzvYJmLq2subWHRyGtfragau8+tLZBnhbZhk7S//Kw9NmMMOsz+AzZohL1amP8Ob2SzRsufQ6Ol7JU1+TCb70s3bQwL+Qoa+PeIWLN/XBpfiIBn7awkEHXJvRhyfWh+hUX2orak5e+EUTbbyI/v/xOMN14TAYqxwun1chK3JMN8hrjjnZT92BN8/hGRN6oR6YsUPPeIrpha032150DM7UC3jpeDRcpzPSdLx7QKos+vhw76lfRCOd0Sd841P7cPRL29GBW/vpb7KIFzTqo3TnE37yRAOOOuqDieQVjfgAn3H2Ey4dxyse66t2RH2a277JE+1skr/usvWuLrjyX/7lX14Ppuwjh+vBBx+8lKf7cPKj3hEOCUwJHA7XlMZzMJ9R8OFTBuQHf/AH13+o+fd6W4z+ENYZBpM048Ih86qzCcgf0/rzZUaGQcpo/ed//ueC+3NZOAxVcO0529Qf03padL4CjQy1SUY9fxiLBno5Kugw9toF5wSiYVKKhmG0Qtef22rL2Rhta0NgbPtD2lIGGw46Uh8/xAc6ovMekwZa//Zv/7b+iBcP//7v/74OJaOPR7gMtvb7o15nwPShvuJDH/7jP/5jtUWu5KVuMvMhRzTgacO5EjxqQ3B4GJ/q6os3UTP+2pH38cz4gEteQnw476MP+AT/8R//8eWAH2e4nniGy8qGCZucG1PyMmbpn3Gz5WSs6A25Ov/TmEodaJ9jZnw4CMZDNLbq/eu//uvSMbjui3RTG+7LdFdKXxt3Y8t5oBN4MPZSOq4uOiJ9VDdenBPDX3rhOhpwfOQXn/hTnyNEd9GA54+mO1uW/rpv+rNqKdkEQ0Nb6Xi86BtYvNJxfQCXevDTdjj6Te/1ER8iPoLrk/tGH7qP2J36qU/wo2/F3wPoz/3cz62+qmc7+ezsbN0bX/jCF5a9dGgebaF0XRw/hwROSOBwuE4I5blUlJHgcNlO9JYiY8oA+Z6M//7yj/b+moIBEt/0pjddLqOrD5/hyjhm5DJmrkW4e16ZWN0Mcbg7XH10oxd+bUVr1ocb/epFd6ZgEzfaEyc6yuT1Xb50wie9yXM8lNK38upHW9mE1QY4mKisutLaDz5pJaPZRnBl1VV2vKV4YQXIQjCBW/Hzjw3uDeXJk6yFZJhMZzrx1Ztj0FhVLp1jqa5raWGnPXHohBDdCZtjvOejWVuzfrjKnow/eLVdu+ooT3/lwYq1M9sIFo1g2p5l4Z3iqTq1X73ZXvWl4XMqn//85y97yCayfR4+/VUaJxqeh8Y+C6GuULoujp9DAickcDhcJ4TyXCrKSORw/cRP/MQyqAyY6On0He94x3qa42xZBZO+5z3vWdsLniwZUrgMEXoMmnRGZdMohjeNXwZvlsGL9im66ojRjm6OyKTZuEandmaqvjDL0IiuVKxd+fgLNsuqqwzNaHcdPJhreWkTlOtoLwLjbEzlpeHuPKmHppisamvWqe1f/MVfPLYUxyTK4fLWpu9w0fnG71Q6y8qTa1FZ5dJ0Vd7YzFSdyuSFWTeaUuUT1nhLlXc989VHd9KITjpSnYmHr3QUfMJcp2fKXRfjR3uzb7N9+dm2usFLox9d5cGqW1r94NWVwunam49W8dk5DtXZ2dlKfTTayqaxh2t1jBN2rHCtYT9+riiBw+G6oqBuKxpDJHC4PMH78GlGSmqr5JWvfOX5N33TN63I2RLhWm63rO+JX4QvMEgZuEmLscuwgQdTLg8204mjvBid8MOTVhZNZfJC+ZnKzwhv1g2mbeXB4MVrZfNaWX0NPsvARPRL1XcNrwimXKx+ZaXKJ45rdJSZIKI1y02U0Zzwyo4VrqUyS45yHC6T8EMPPfSEBwyyE6RzHOd4yCfvnKtSMEE6da36jaN00i9fHWnjWJ2u0Ycfj63Qua5dafDKZh1l8XkKL/7AZlQv2srLxyOayl1X5jp5Vb802niLVmVdl0Z3v648noP7FheHOhvnLUROFUf7ox/96OIzO8fhgnc4XEstjp8rSuBwuK4oqNuKxugIneH6yZ/8yXWt3GTNqfKkx/hwsmZkcD72sY+t8xnOPohf/epXl/PFIGY0TVbOu4jOWPRBxpwB36JyRgJM6rwLw5ZhdO6k8xnhORSLRzja8l0s7XcGyZOqcgEfziipixfnSPC5B7AZayOD7JzJP/zDP5z/zd/8zfm//Mu/LH6dwQLPeOOjdqR97wufojNd+NRX0Vm0nFb86rfyZIUfh/LBiiaG+mqLwyokmH5KHQhGQ13na5xZwWc8wvNV7NrBpzNvyVN6fGn+QjvIQiBLDpfv1RmzJl6p8TNexkTcxwwN+mes4DmD5DtO3R/0x5j94z/+4/oIsQ8R01EH1AVw7ThvhbZo7DpvBUcbdC24lL7GJ7j2jLW6+KQXVm3STe0459R5K7juI3VFcN/DSvfQQcMB9/QvWSQPqY+SaiP9pL/OPqqLFjoe7NJv7czzafrSucX64zyb+iK4NB3HKzznvMDQJ3vnwLSRTOm89vXzy1/+8nrzkH1j7zhZrXJJ2brf+73fu3z5wXfE4HK4kr92j3BI4MkkcDhcTyad5wAsI3HK4WIkGa3f/d3fXee2MkAMjXzpn//5n18adkaVI4Wu+hk/RrSorJixl4IziNWDI0ibnMB3PPgMbPVqJ+OqbvXRUx7tJxtidCaf0YhuvIRTu2iWj6dwXKtXXXjKCvBmO/KCcgG+MnXCqw3w8uG4Vqf2pdVNZq5nhHM4XEvcl3I3cZuEvaXIwSgkz8ZTeePS2DYGsxyscVFHPjh89KItFSe9YHCFxi/c4PHTNRrxqj3lygTlwdCjH/Ex6aoHrp44YfLRKFVWqE6w6Egnncrhw93htQM2aSmHK7BDQnXDU6YPIhxtPPbYY8ue5WixbfIeND/wgQ+c/8Vf/MVyPuvv4XAt0R4/15TA4XBdU2C3DT1jeMrhytAxTPKW0X/1V3/1/NFHH11nG3K6LLv/7d/+7TLQjHRGj6ETM7LT8M08eLillaFV/ejiRT5Y5epWrzrS8KId3j6Ws86st7dVPTh4EdCEl8xcy8OpvVP58GqDrE/R2+vW9iyvnVIw9KItjXYp3IkvD+9wuJaolizkcrgcnKbj5JrsGjPybjzIMPiT5aNDV8qHr115YerVHC/wYu3NNFpSvEnRmil818X01jWeqlcaHph8fUZHXSGa0uA7brDgp67rd21K4YmVaQ8NsbLglddG9UutyP3Mz/zM+rNpTpbVLZ/F8QHoz33uc2t1zmcsOGbJDW0rlPCPFa413MfPFSVwOFxXFNRtRWN4hFMOV8Yqo1vK4Niu+OQnP3n+yCOPLCPlA4AmJbCMm9TkJM3AgWdEo+964sjDq45UDGfP77iuK6uNaFaOxh5q524pfLwKyQJuNDPI1VcuSOuzfLzEG3z0wou26yKc6s2Vh2hIZxu1E+3qKo8nsPCkXUsPh2uJaclELofLZyFMvsktmU35wVceLNl3XZq+qCs0fo3pLFdHubT6s81Zplyc+LU18crHb/WUF2vDdfToZ/DoglW/tpXN8vKlE788WG2Vn/QmXvmZqlt/kmf1S+Nf+tu//dtrFctf9PgEzp/92Z+tbVZtg4vouO77YfKOPVgBOxyuJe7j54oSOByuKwrqtqJloDhcntje+973rsnFN4CcfXBOJEPF0PivMGceil6h9j9jv/Vbv3X+Az/wA+sbO+p1NkLqDJK6GS4rZSYwZ1lExisYfpwTcfZDG+o7b9VZKbyY8Gx1dk4ELXW0kbF2ZkY5XvTFmSUw9aW+64X2jJ3Zqr/aSA7wnGfRBrjg6dhZFH9W69yNvjgnAp6x379j5IwXhwmO6JyOc1b6gl/RBy+1k8Gf3wPTRufT4Aj+77L64L7pZNsrecgbp+RBJuokK3zgU93k/vjjj6+J6PgO18UETnbuD4eqnTfybTj62ZgpS57G3remyJPeOBPlnF1jLiV/MPWl//3f/335Yd0meecEnesS4Tn7qA0BDWe21C36VEF6B6/vSoEbc+cgndlKh+lhZw7rizOG4OmO+0hdcP1xH9H7aLiP6Fv3qrbm96/wQ1/V1Qepb+K5h/UTHakydeGgpW+TD+fAqo+Ge5MDVH/x5GwdXuuvb82RA1mh5cwWGu5p6e///u+vt60///nPrzF136k7ozaSN1pkiL+//uu/PhyuJZnj5zoSOByu60jrFuJmwDlcltO9pcjIMMYZNN1uVUXKuDGS4PICw+eaATbBwwtHCi7VHmMLpzpoTDjjGA9w5ZVlOOXVUS6ihTa4IFUOR32pOtquv/DxuEdw9aV4igY6+hYNKZocJu3Xb3WUi/Lo40V7aIjqug6uvnJl8sFdo6N+8sSP8mQR7qSBF/WqDwcNbWhTPh6j4xqN+PWlefpwOFx3HC4rGrYUk2Fj1sNAMidvsMYkuYKDkbloHERjKhXggMHzsohy9OFUno4bX+0U4UY7WukvGL3Ae3QaczB4Yu3DkZ99DQdtbadf6HYfyaurXrTgqRuOPBzl8aOMnFwnr9qIF+XR0uf4mzTk0WpM1CVLUX310MBLB/VdRytZlipXt1Q99DmqzncdK1y04QhXlcDhcF1VUrcUjzERcrh8+FQZw1XMaEnLZ4BcZ/AyWlLlE6e60czIaSsaMw8vPtCJtrLypdEGExhFZa6LrmcIdy9THi76XZfWV9eiAC9e4hsNfay/ruWVRUtZbUSjNPnAEdUBqw5a81o+2niqXin88uQDX1m81J5r5b/wC7+wnuAPh+uOw+XMIofLZExGyS8ZNh6uyRN8jhe5g4mNl7T64TY2jVflUrhzfKO3pztOdaMNPvtQG/EjTU/SDTj1Sb4Y/2D/r737jtmsqP4AHhKK0lSQ8hdiQRdcijQjWDAxUqREk/UPIQsrRQl1QUooVojGVQlLUyMmKpIIQYKCNGNAepPQewg11BD+4d/7y2fg+/5mnzy87LssYZ99zyTzzL1zzpw598yZM2fKvU9wlQ9+rkM7+OCu5YvKJi/5eQ5w9OWH75QLrvKuxdSde7jJCx3tKB+Osu7HhdDraVmlL4drnLQqbzoJlMM1nXRmAYwREThcZvA+CyGPUYrxA4/RieGL8QJjmGMEY7hSVjoae+MXvFH6cGIMx5UPf4GpN/g9/f5Z2oO+5YwEJ+XDR1Ll4KQe16L8wODKG5VPjxf64QOMvJIvzUChrtCC3+OM0nQf3nrc4PVlcw0/uEnBlBmld8QRR5TD1R1atwWlfzjDpb0i03FpHJUeFnlLA0/7wevhacM+r7+mI6EtPzF5bweH19NOOXnKShMD63nD73TwHjd1hXZPL3UFH8x1f59yeZbUGx0OXDqurp5W+lRfxipV7pXv2yK8jKMBT3QMog7Nk2yFmUigHK6ZSGslxGVsBA6XGXz/HS4GyfdwnFtwxsRZjXz7J0bJOQnng0Q4zq5kayPGSX7gaDjjgXYGLuee5MNTlzp7Y+g/4VIejvMbtgfgiOrxmnZwnPly1iz0wdXhjIfy4LYERgN4H53pynOqxzkc3/txJgee7yJl+y5GmyFWh+iZnIkJDfU5a5Y64OT/7zJo4NnzoR0akRc64P2zqMN3jSIHdPCtjpRHyxYLWGiYoZN1eCEvITjlcL2pHeQhxOHyHS7njeI0S0Vtpi2kZOq7WkLkSQ+c+4IjOk+kLeimttNmzs9pEzoGp9dxdTijlfai6841hT+pNgxcSheVQx/cCg660S00bFtGP+Hpe/Lh4cUZLvmiYBtO/4GTfoTP0FCfF2rUD4cO9mep6C8+0QdLJC91hA47A4YOXDoOBsezOG+VstLYhOBwqPQtsPCac56eg9w9W2iox5uHkWfaTn4fyRBOfRaiqUP9zFAC5XDNUGArG3oMzDiHi/FyyNahd4aW4XQvgAkcDod5OQXwpIwZOOOLfuCMpA8WKiPEwHIG5KsDjQwCgTPSYIGrQx7acFynfnWhgSYeRHBnreTjwXNkQGyMvPWDRh/DPxrqUr+Bk/E32DHgaOd54Rg40fc86uJ84hEOOL7wgZa68BE+4cBVFo5UNHgEB0/kp47IU51ohw8pOBp5nsDgieqFAw4vH9kEU1c5XG8qBXkIHC4rGr40n4GbnCLXXt6u02baU+SUaPPon36EduDw6RZHQ3SoHu0eR5spn3alB3gQpO7T3tEt9NEQ4eA95aXqDY6ULskX8RunT1lw+IF5TvyETziuwSMP+qsPpH79RR9IPw2NXl6eJzYh+hmbEHlzfNSNR/XBQxsP4TXPkv6Uvhi4NkBDxEf6URPoW85yL8/U4VnK4YqUKp2JBMrhmom0VkJcxkMY53CBMbKMnDTGDL48MYY0OCkTfKkQOq7hjJaPEQydlIErxrEBhyuvT+WHbmDgQmhL+9iA3Q8e+xhcebkO7R5Pnhgee5hyYPL6svKDh4XgyEMnuH35XAfWP7Ny4PLE3Ide6pMK8vuIZviAUw5XE0drB1dZ4bKlGCclMgWPvOWRv5RMRbDkadvcy+tx0h7KJqZN4CWvryvle3jwpPJTd48jT0QrNIIf/sJPX8516g8cj8rmPs8VPpQZ1enUnTpTR2iHhvvgRs5wwweYGDrww09o9PDk9fymztBoBLrVSfmjsb7DFSlVOhMJlMM1E2mthLgMlzDO4WKIYtwYTEYnxqs3QPLgioGnXPACD80+TfmsKKWsNHW6Du2epmuw0HcthN+kwQMX3Y+GwPo05aTqyH34D63U3+PkuUb5Dq0eHjr4RSMwuKIQnJRPXYG773FCS15wc+0eXD3yki9FrxyuN7WDPAQOly33OXPmTL3pFnmnfclTFNJGysuj28kDVzZtknxprpVLTL5UXu57eK77tKeV66Q9Xp4DLPmu8Q02qouBeabAUy648kdhyqVsZJY85Uev4eAh+dKervtROsHp+Qhtea5jZ+CG77SZ+4TARlM81BmuSKnSmUigHK6ZSGslxI2BicO15557ti0z387xLRxL9nAYGalld/nOoEhtrcWQgTNmtkacBQG3/ZbtAAZOtHwPLqJjSwD9GFfbWynrG1/OWsS4w1OfPDyiD1cdYDGi+EY78Jx3Ca+2JJTro5WL/lmdlepp2HpAHw1Bff7jzWzXuR78kE94hOv8WWSpLnwELo28wIKXM3DgaNgGwocIBx/4zLPaGumfg2zwCI4GuXoWZW1XSckYPNF2VepAa/78+W0Lrd5S/H+HK4fmbd3RcXKiX2K23iL36A5502E6Ht3SJtosfQAdbRYHRyo6M2jrynk7uHQcjdCxxZX6pbbptKeycGzLaVP0lcdzttVCA5/hAy59jU5I6TN46qG/6HtOzyHFuzpEupWtTuUFzx4+wPX/PEf4sIWqnuig/hv9Dx9gngGNnNEMD+EDDK94id2Box79Rj468PSr1K8OfOc5ksY5C7+Rl3OcPpvisxBgQtJ2Uz8lgTESKIdrjFBmU1aMBIfLGZXdd9+9GZ0YLQZXiPGLAc6AwwDF6DFajDEDrHxwDO49DoMLbjBi/NwrK+LHYATOADN8jGsMH8MqygODx3jGyKtHiMOVwYRBTx1SA4+yfczhXzzAUQZ/qQefgvrVI3K21B+HC+/K9nykPF7ioMJRDz4Cx4treWBk2fNBnmgYaMEjEwMLPpUnU/IHU1bEr2cx8KcObYIGPuEYaNHI8x5wwAH1lmI3iGZLce7cuc2Rid5oLzLTZpE1mXJ+0ibSOFxpU/JPe2lTbZsD2XDQ4HBx6Dld6umdZHA6Hj6k2li+iBc8qVtUXsykAhwefaQzYPjoHS66zhHv+VRH9B8Neqa8GP3Uj6K/0jg69BIvZCM/8pJyfvCAjv4Um4BHuHQ8z4CfOH5gcPAUxw88NoEswQRnudAAJ1v36hbR4KCC9TH9SD0ie4dGOVxNpPUzQwmUwzVDga1s6IyIwOEyg583b96UMYwxi9FzzzgJ0tz3cMatLwc398GPkQsNODGaoQ9XDD35uU59o+Vzn0FN+dTvWrmU7fNTV9LgjcNFO3TB1Zm8lJcXGrmWpk6pZ8nzJD/04Io9PdfBdw1X6HH7MnACSzqOXuochdWWYhPvVFvH4XJovndaIjdyTPso6T6wtEvy3EfuKZM2cg8WHU4+Wrnuy6eOpGBoBCf50vCVOsMPGPwety/vWhTgKBf+Qzf5KRf8lAX3TEJw5I2WQzcBXuDhFSzX4HnW0EqZHg+s76PBkaIluk5+aEmTH9zIzhujtphrhSutVenSSKAcrqWR0kqMw6gIWeHaZ5992kzRCpLZnJmkaGYr7fPgBB4YONzg5R6uGFjopVzyQy+0kx96PT5Y8Hq4vNz318qGXuoZl4ZuaEjNwFO3FN2etjKhlXLBS74ZuOvApWgEHt5G63OfmHpyL0350BrlP/CU6eNfXZsAAA8GSURBVHnIcwQnsAULFtSX5kdWuAywHC6rMORGJyLTPk079G0TuUoDT/ncj6ZWjHoa4LlPfaPt1tMIjjS6BZ7r5Pd08ZT78KeO6NTb1Se/r899eOnrCU15KZM09aau8Ane0+vzXad8X0/y+j4X/kK/pxmYvNHY01DWvb//qS3FlXhgfI8erRyu90iwk0DWbE00w1u0aFHbUrStmGjFq+LslYEBZeHChVMzf7P82RSyqqF/+M9MDlf6hrT6xuzrG337u7bClVUyaYWSwHQSKIdrOums5DADCodLWLx48fCRj3ykYslgCR340Y9+tMS2ykreJZZ4PAOo/mE7ykdJ119//SVkU/2l7MWWW265xGdCllCguikJjEigHK4Rgcym22wnOhjqwC4HrGLJIDpAP0bPEs2m/kEOZMDxyhmgyKbS6id0gEMuzSrXbOof9awzl0A5XDOX2UpTIoNGBtbRB5NfcfbKICs80ujBqI6szPeeuR9I9Zc+RCaVzp4+0re/6zhbJq30oEJJYDoJlMM1nXQKVhIoCZQESgIlgZJASWA5SKAcruUgxCJREigJlARKAiWBkkBJYDoJlMM1nXQKVhIoCZQESgIlgZJASWA5SKAcruUgxCJREigJlARKAiWBkkBJYDoJlMM1nXQKtkJLwBtCDqr68rfDzfk/O2+U5XMX0z3A6GHn6XDHwZTPiwc5YD4Or/JKAu+FBOi4w9rR9/QHukgvkx+cd+KBPuclgV6v8wYz2PIO6kxffS/oL29+i15J4N1IoByudyO9Kvu+SqAfIP73v/+1rz/7T8UMPKPMwZ9JHC0/ep/Bwpenb7jhhjbA9Tjj6urhdV0SeLcS4AxxqPzPIh30jxHHH3/8cPrpp7f+YDLSO2bjdLLPg49mHC9lb7311vbfhPJ63HHX/fO8Exyu/x71jbP8h+O4Mn1eT7+uSwKTJoFyuCatxYrfKQkYAPJa9rbbbtv+auOiiy5qAxAjPRoya0/aG3LXyU86Wn703mAE95e//GX7KKY/v+3DKM1xPPX4dV0SmIkEOFocJH/C7C+5PvCBDwyf+MQnBh/j3HTTTYfVV199OPDAA5tTEycquj0upc90mLN2zjnnTK2ebbXVVsP8+fObszWuXPJG9Xtp9P/2229vX++/8cYb35G+eiqUBCZZAuVwTXLrzXLeGWBO1x133NEGmzlz5gy77bZbc4IMHqMhA0NSA0Ifk590tPzoPTzbNlYVNthggzZL73GWZsDp8eu6JDATCXC4rOjuueeew7rrrjtccMEF7Z5eWvH67W9/O6y22mrDySef3PoEXY1uv136wgsvDKuuuupwxhlntL7FUePAHXzwwe9Ylr73YWn0X99dY401Bg5XJjBvx5v8CiWBSZZAOVyT3HqznPdscXz/+99vM/rzzz+/zervueeeNjiAG2SkBqA33nijbY34u5rf/OY3w8svv7zEQGQAe+SRR9oM/7TTThvuvffeVr4fqODceeedzcn6+c9/Ptx3333DL37xiymHK1s8L7300oCfn/zkJ8O///3vtk0TOnEGRweoWd6c9fjLIIHLL7+8/cfj2Wef3fScTiXSt+985zvt//5s3ekHnJYnnnhiOO+884af/vSnw+9+97vWD7L1COY/NK3aWu1C47Of/WxzuPShc889t5Wj9/Q4UZ3OUP7zn/8cfvaznzX6+oD+Aifp888/3/rej3/849YvOFz+o9J2aPorXh5//PFGB62HH364wdCoUBKYZAmUwzXJrVe8Dy+++OKw4YYbtj/fZqg33njj4eijj56ajTP2r732WptF2xZZa6212haGmf/HPvax4bbbbmuOGLzvfe97baXMDN+gIzWzf+WVV6YGjUMOOaTBPvjBD7aBwv/r7bHHHu0/9l5//fU2sPzrX/9qg5yBxOxd3HHHHdvWjgHMwFLOVinv8pAAnf3whz/cdJwOx9mSun/mmWfaliO9c/+DH/xgoLu2H/35Nj23Ovvf//63OWJ0lt5Ld9hhh+Z0bb311sOXv/zlYbPNNmt9Jzp95plnNl2mzw899FDTcWUTN9poo7bqFr4uvPDC4aMf/ehU3ejsuuuuDf+6666bonXqqae2PLyFn5NOOqk5f8tDZkWjJPB+SaAcrvdL8lXvu5YAQ28bhfP04IMPNifr0EMPbU6X1SyzecbeqhPD7VwLw26mbGVgzTXXbAMQOmbucKxIcbBeffXVtnIFxyqAMpdddlmry+qXrRd1/P3vfx8+9KEPtUGLYyf/4x//eHPCHn300TaI3HTTTW2w4qzhJw6XtEJJYFklQH+cXfzc5z7X9LN3tnJNR+k/h4tT5FzXQQcdNFhp0j/opgnL4Ycf3py2P//5z60fcOSuv/76RneLLbZoDpBzXVa9rD6pd5NNNmkrx2jb1jTZueKKK1p9Tz75ZHOmTHCsGjtnxtniuFlF0w/02Z133rnVZ0sRP5dcckmbFFl90w/xf9ZZZzW+r7nmmmUVVZUrCawQEiiHa4VohmJiWSTACfrCF77QDHtWjhhuM+Pf//73zYDLt/JlNs9RUsYAxOA7DOzMl4HLTPuLX/xiyw8teF/5yleGr371q83wH3nkkW1wQ08Z52fgHHfccW0w4XAZsNT/1FNPtbrUB5dDx3njyCVvWZ65ypQEeglw7jkt9JnDEkcrK1x0WaSn4DfffHNzfjIh4YRts802w7777tvKPv30021S8etf/7qVU9aW4k477dT6UfqO1S0TDY5bVpBtQ4YPOq8PrLPOOsPixYuHv/3tb82Rsj1I/9GVcupMdLKl+O1vf7v1uTwLOqI+yAmsUBKYZAmUwzXJrTfLeGfMhRhhn4KwLbHLLrsMCxcuHI455piBU8TIGyAYdAOPsyeM+p/+9Kd2H2Nulv6Nb3yjGX8H7g877LBGOwOCQcH5MFsj6vza177WHDPXQgayiy++uOE4J3PiiSdObalwvPC3yiqrtBm6rRbnywxayuKjQklgWSVAf6wYOdQefaLv9DNp+oC+A4f+nXDCCcOXvvSl5jDRUXq59957N3187rnnWl9ZtGhRo6Ech2v//fefcujU68zY2muv3bb0ncOyymzVWL3qUY5Tp185tO/FEitcmax4ZrxZEba9aUtTGduY+MGXfiOi7f7zn//8soqqypUEVggJlMO1QjRDMbE0EoijZEBxbfvPeRSrXBys7bbbrp0jmTt3bjPaefOJgzPO4WLcrXBlUHFeKwMXfgwezn1xuNS3++67t4iegA9lzd7XW2+9tuLlrIkB5JRTTmmHi6UO6f/whz9sqQEmDh2aFUoCyyoB+sfBtyVo5ZQ+iXSY7rq+6667Bmeinn322eGxxx5rTs/mm28+fPe73235l156aVtRsiVIl61YcXI4VMrTVQ6XbUj3oQvuzUhbhV4isYL8j3/8o00m4nRxuD796U83B88ql4kQnuWnDzhjZuVXX5WnL3Os9BmOmq1F16Kt/QolgUmWQDlck9x6s4x3htygwGg7oM6AL1iwoBlq+QYEMIOLsyPz5s1r996eMiCMrnBtv/327eyJst/61rfa1optQoZfnmsHhn3jyD3n6VOf+lT7/EO2VgxuVtYMej7e+Je//KXNyL2ZiBc8GWCcHbvyyivbgISWmX6FksC7kQD9uuqqq9pkwluH7ulj9E6qf5iU+Djvscce21ZabQFGB137dpeVXrrKAeJwOa+lvGgFDZ1Rh8uWohUxuuz6qKOOmiqjDz3wwANt4vOHP/xh8CKJlStbiHgUpFdffXVbBZavLluKJkz6DLiIvn5lda5CSWCSJVAO1yS33izjncE3UDDCcWzyhXf5gXHMzMgNAmbgthRtSUzncDn8bvvvm9/85nD//fe3wWK//fZrg4TD8uo0k7d6ZXDiQHnt3bkVzp03vXxmgpNmG4VjphwcH2P1RqSBC9xzGJDwWaEksKwSoD8cf1vq3lT861//OuXQ0zOfK7Gy6+wTPLpqNcn5K/3illtuaS93wPn617/e9NIKLMfI1rwJhD7lrOO4LUX9y1vC+gaHzATIp1LkmXDoAyYi6lK/FWj9gJNoJe0///lPWwHTN+OIccBsIZrk3H333e0cmNVhfexXv/rVsoqqypUEVggJlMO1QjRDMbE0EjADNtvlrOy1117NsXEvPw6MAYJDw6ib2TPSBh+DiAPt4AIcA0Bm9gYNqwQGDQbfLN82oTww+FLntZxdgWOgMqDYssmHT+H5RpGDyOA5i+JNMm8tgieWw7U0rV44bycBOi866O6zI/Ttk5/8ZNuS80aue6u8VoPpvdUsh8/1BRHcSyGcLW8YwqHjtufBPvOZz7SVJitOHCoBnN7m0DxnSv9D2+qUSQudF21F+pI8uEj/nZvUt0R9yHkyZXJo3vP88Y9/bP/cED7hevvYhKZCSWCSJVAO1yS33izjndGO82OLwmFdM2cODJiBIHBbEg7xOljv2naet6YE+HAZeatWcYDQYNThegXdLBxenDipAcHr6nDM4q1gGXT8HxxYBi3bmL7xBc85GjyglbrCwyxrwnrc5SwB+k/npVZUbXvbOvRhUX2ETmZSkv7jTUWfb/CGos882EZ0/spKMBwrW+B0ms460G4SIdBvUZlrr7221at+9ShrG9FkRxn56Q/0HY7Jj5U1vFlJlqeP5Ft38OHqh+oHyxu/nrFCSWCSJVAO1yS33izjnTFm1A0guXafyFC7NkhI3fcG333y4kjBC63kBUe+a/lSg0PouU5MnaEDNwMhHPDgoNXHWdaE9bjLUQJ0KnqpT7gWkkbvpHG6wOifPPpKP3NeKvh0F54IznES0w/kp7w8dKL7oQ0fTnBzD57r1JE8967TZ0ITvutyuJaj8hSp90UC5XC9L2KvSpdFAjHUjG8MuZQhjqGP0R69D76ygntRyEDTDxBgDL+0rw9d98mTKtfn4zPlwkfqbBXWT0lgOUiA3kUP6Vv00HX0MbooT3QvBp5ymcQkBReD6zq4SZPnUeSJ8Pv7HqfvX/Jzr9zofeglDc1GvH5KAhMqgXK4JrThiu2SQEmgJFASKAmUBCZHAuVwTU5bFaclgZJASaAkUBIoCUyoBMrhmtCGK7ZLAiWBkkBJoCRQEpgcCZTDNTltVZyWBEoCJYGSQEmgJDChEvg/zogYngBQw1EAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Bi</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Ag</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pd</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Hg</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pt</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Au</mi><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>b</mi></math> <strong>OR</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>electrostatic attraction ✔</p>
<p>between «a lattice of» metal/positive ions/cations <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «a sea of» delocalized electrons ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “mobile/free electrons”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>malleability/hardness<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«tensile» strength/ductility<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>density<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal/electrical conductivity<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>melting point<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal expansion ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept corrosion/reactivity or any chemical property.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other specific physical properties.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A straight-forward question, however, half of the candidates only mentioned the lower activation energy and did not mention that this is through an alternative mechanism, so did not score the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates gained the mark about the increased frequency of collision. Fewer candidates also clarified that a larger proportion of molecules have the activation energy.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates had the correct structure in their answers identifying the type of intermolecular forces in each compound and then comparing the strength of the two and reaching a conclusion. Some candidates did not know what was meant by volatile. Some candidates stated London dispersion forces in propanone instead of dipole-dipole.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>60% of the candidates obtained the mark. Some candidates labelled the electrodes as ions indicating they do not understand the structure of a voltaic cell.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>70% of the candidates answered correctly. The common mistake was to select a more reactive metal instead.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The mean mark on the question was 1.0 out of 2 marks. Mistakes included not mentioning the 'electrostatic attraction' and talking about 'nuclei attracting the delocalised electrons'. The weakest candidates discussed aspects of ionic and/or covalent bonding.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>80% obtained the mark. Many candidates wrote more than one property, which should be discouraged. Incorrect answers included chemical properties such as reactivity.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, has a wide variety of uses including the removal of ice from aircraft and heat transfer in a solar cell.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be formed according to the following reaction.</p>
<p>2CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (g)</p>
<p>(i) Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii) State how increasing the pressure of the reaction mixture at constant temperature will affect the position of equilibrium and the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<p>Position of equilibrium:</p>
<p><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction using section 11 of the data booklet. The bond enthalpy of the carbon–oxygen bond in CO (g) is 1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iv) The enthalpy change, ΔH<sup>θ</sup>, for the following similar reaction is –233.8 kJ.</p>
<p>2CO(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l)</p>
<p>Deduce why this value differs from your answer to (a)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[7]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the average oxidation state of carbon in ethene and in ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<p>Ethene:</p>
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the boiling point of ethane-1,2-diol is significantly greater than that of ethene.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be oxidized first to ethanedioic acid, (COOH)<sub>2</sub>, and then to carbon dioxide and water. Suggest the reagents to oxidize ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i)<br><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\ll {K_{\text{C}}} = \gg \frac{{\left[ {{\text{HOC}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{OH}}} \right]}}{{{{\left[ {{\text{CO}}} \right]}^{\text{2}}} \times {{\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right]}^{\text{3}}}}}">
<mo>≪</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>=≫</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>HOC</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>OH</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>CO</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>3</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii)<br><em>Position of equilibrium:</em> moves to right <em><strong>OR</strong></em> favours product<br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>: no change <em><strong>OR</strong></em> is a constant at constant temperature</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii)<br><em>Bonds broken:</em> 2C≡O + 3(H-H) / 2(1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 3(436kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) / 3462 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>Bonds formed:</em> 2(C-O) + 2(O-H) + 4(C-H) + (C-C) / 2(358kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 2(463kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 4(414kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 346kJmol<sup>-1</sup> / 3644 «kJ»</p>
<p>«Enthalpy change = bonds broken - bonds formed = 3462 kJ - 3644 kJ =» -182 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for «+»182 «kJ».</em></p>
<p><br>(iv)<br>in (a)(iii) gas is formed and in (a)(iv) liquid is formed<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>products are in different states<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>conversion of gas to liquid is exothermic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>conversion of liquid to gas is endothermic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>enthalpy of vapourisation needs to be taken into account</p>
<p><em>Accept product is «now» a liquid.</em><br><em>Accept answers referring to bond enthalpies being means/averages.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Ethene:</em> –2</p>
<p><em>Ethane-1,2-diol:</em> –1</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept 2–, 1– respectively.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethane-1,2-diol can hydrogen bond to other molecules «and ethene cannot»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>ethane-1,2-diol has «significantly» greater van der Waals forces</p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.<br>Award <strong>[0]</strong> if answer implies covalent bonds are broken</em></p>
<p>hydrogen bonding is «significantly» stronger than other intermolecular forces</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>acidified «potassium» dichromate«(VI)»/H<sup>+</sup> <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/H<sup>+</sup> <em><strong>AND </strong></em>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2- </sup></p>
<p><em><strong>OR </strong></em></p>
<p>«acidified potassium» manganate(VII)/ «H<sup>+</sup>» KMnO<sub>4</sub> /«H<sup>+</sup>» MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></p>
<p><em>Accept Accept H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> or H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for H<sup>+</sup>.</em><br><em>Accept “permanganate” for “manganate(VII)”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>