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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a group 2 metal which exists as a number of isotopes and forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium ions produce no emission or absorption lines in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Suggest why most magnesium compounds tested in a school laboratory show traces of yellow in the flame.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Explain the convergence of lines in a hydrogen emission spectrum.</p>
<p>(ii) State what can be determined from the frequency of the convergence limit.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed.</p>
<p>(i) Deduce the half-equations for the reactions at each electrode when <strong>molten</strong> magnesium chloride is electrolysed, showing the state symbols of the products. The melting points of magnesium and magnesium chloride are 922K and 987K respectively.</p>
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" alt></p>
<p>(ii) Identify the type of reaction occurring at the cathode (negative electrode).</p>
<p>(iii) State the products when a very <strong>dilute</strong> aqueous solution of magnesium chloride is electrolysed.</p>
<p><img 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QQQQAABBBBAIJsABUQ2GdoRQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgTYACIo2EBgQQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgmQAGRTYZ2BBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQSBOggEgjoQEBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSyCVBAZJOhHQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBNIEKCDSSGhAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBbAIUENlkaEcAAQQQQAABBBBAAIE0AQqINBIaEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAIJsABUQ2GdoRQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgTYACIo2EBgQQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgmQAGRTYZ2BBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQSBOggEgjoQEBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSyCVBAZJOhHQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBNIEKCDSSGhAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBbAIUENlkaEcAAQQQQAABBBBAAIE0AQqINBIaEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAIJsABUQ2GdoRQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgTYACIo2EBgQQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgmQAGRTYZ2BBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQSBOggEgjoQEBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSyCVBAZJOhHQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBNIEKCDSSGhAAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBbAIUENlkaEcAAQQQQAABBBBAAIE0AQqINBIaEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAIJsABUQ2GdoRQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgTWDSFBCx3mZVBQIK1Yc1kDZNuyHWreaqkAKhBoUHYll6faHe5hUKBBaqPnw6Sx9pso8nrCRxLlh/ASb7uc78rCRPxH8bOffi/wc0IXPDv43822hfHnF+Jv6ajts1qO1aBD8CxhhjxRkIBGS/LIKwCREBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSulIC7Vpg0n0BcKTzGQQABBBBAAAEEEEDAzwIUEH7OPnNHAAEEEEAAAQQQQMCjAAWERzC6I4AAAggggAACCCDgZwEKCD9nn7kjgAACCCCAAAIIIOBRgALCIxjdEUAAAQQQQAABBBDwswAFhJ+zz9wRQAABBBBAAAEEEPAoQAHhEYzuCCCAAAIIIIAAAgj4WYACws/ZZ+4IIIAAAggggAACCHgUoIDwCEZ3BBBAAAEEEEAAAQT8LEAB4efsM3cEEEAAAQQQQAABBDwKUEB4BKM7AggggAACCCCAAAJ+FqCA8HP2mTsCCCCAAAIIIIAAAh4FKCA8gtEdAQQQQAABBBBAAAE/C1BA+Dn7zB0BBBBAAAEEEEAAAY8CFBAeweiOAAIIIIAAAggggICfBSgg/Jx95o4AAggggAACCCCAgEcBCgiPYHRHAAEEEEAAAQQQQMDPAhQQfs4+c0cAAQQQQAABBBBAwKMABYRHMLojgAACCCCAAAIIIOBnAQoIP2efuSOAAAIIIIAAAggg4FGAAsIjGN0RQAABBBBAAAEEEPCzAAWEn7PP3BFAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8ChAAeERjO4IIIAAAggggAACCPhZgALCz9ln7ggggAACCCCAAAIIeBSggPAIRncEEEAAAQQQQAABBPwsQAHh5+wzdwQQQAABBBBAAAEEPApQQHgEozsCCCCAAAIIIIAAAn4WoIDwc/aZOwIIIIAAAggggAACHgUoIDyC0R0BBBBAAAEEEEAAAT8LUED4OfvMHQEEEEAAAQQQQAABjwIUEB7B6I4AAggggAACCCCAgJ8FKCD8nH3mjgACCCCAAAIIIICARwEKCI9gdEcAAQQQQAABBBBAwM8Ck6CAiGmw96DebqxWKBBQIP7fPFU37lG4d2AMuR1Q73vPq2F3t2Lxvb9Qb/MKBUINCg8kWsZw0By7xDQQblAosELNvV/k6Odh0+BhNVY/r67ByxGvhzhydR3s1XuNW7TbmXOsW81VIYXqwxpL1nIN5X2bnfOqZvWOK6F1rh5QY8Mb43xc1wwHwqoPhVTV7Jy/rm1ZX55VV+NDqm37rX3OZ+3IBgQQQAABBBBAQEVeQAyot+0J3V3+jP75hkfUNWRkjJE536pV+l9aVf6gGrvOekvzQKeaqp9V15C33SZO79MKb35Sx++5R7dMm6jpjWng8C5Vb/yVhplLblLNgYgiW5eqdOJgjnMkZ3S46W+0sWucCsVxi+46LXi4VtPrtmvvyUvjdlQOhAACCCCAAAKTU2CiXmHmoR3TYFeT1t6/T7NbX9Ez1YsUdGYzbY7u3LBT+7ZLG+/edpk+OcgjxCvexTJp0eajK1V/7zeKvTq84nq+HrD0NtU2/Kseff7QBPgEyNeZYPIIIIAAAghMeAHnknvCB5oe4BkdfvN1Haz8z1kulq/TLQ/9V+19oVIznVnGoupqa1R1yFnqFNKS+uaRpU7W8o+blmlbNKr22ps1JWnZ0kkd2b9jZN9QtRrf69WgO7DBXoWb67XEWUq1pF7N4ZQ+KTGEqndo/5GT7qPEX8eih7W7vspekpUSZ1pvuyH2qdpfel1TV96msvicR5ZHvRo+6DqetcTrgHpTljjlNWZ86ZGzXMw6TouarTjdVilzDATc8VsxPaGblj2jqN5SbflXE8uW3EuY4q/LMizDOa1w/ULXMqdLina1qH5JyHaqUn1zOG1e6Vxj2S+/fZIN3c5W7Hdp2bYuqb1W5VMWqj78r/bytSrVv/qsfW5Z7aclDag33DzK3KyY2tRYPS8xf+uc3H9Ep1InbOVj9yjnpa5SWdX3tbzlH/R2yrKywLgv5UoNkPcIIIAAAgggUFQCxv4jWat/iujPuQ5TF5QJ1nWYc3mF/XvTuf27JrjmBfNR5GJij6ETpmNTpVHFDtN5fijRFj9u0FQ2HTeJls9NT9MDRgqairpW0xPvd9FEOv7OVOi7Znvn7xP7nT9mmtbMdR3/ool89IJZEwyaiu0fmfPxXokYVLHJtPZYUQ+Z8z2tpq4iaKQHTFPP5/FeQydaTU1wrlmz45CJxIM4Z4431Zhg8BHTesKOPTFq0v8O9TSZStdxrOOf69hkgpIZGdOYoUi72VTxTVdcxuQ15lC/aa2x5rjLHI872HFZxw9uMh3nrGDzcXbiGpmzGTpumiqDdj5t88om02OnJT7ReG4WmLqOz4wxF82J1kdMMLjG7PgoksiVk4OaVnPCvV+SUj77pY6fzz6Ooes8SYvnM9NRt8BoeF6Og4ZNhyJ9pu/8GTvfI3MbihwyO9bMdZ2rQ+Z85w5ToUpT13o8cX6dP25a6yrj5+rw+TucM+e8HzLnj+8ya4JzTU1rv32O20DxHHzTde4nwfEGAQQQQAABBHws4K4VhqsGd2Mx2CQult0X+qNEnXTxOdI37aI7WwExfIFs75t0sWVfCKZd4DsXiPaFcsYYUvqY1ItMJ9ZEe/aCyYnBuZC39nOO7Vx0Jx9r5EI2nzGd46cWMfa+jk/GORqT7OzEla2AcPq7CjRnLknjZMh/lvGdmZu0/NpbkvZLKSC87OPEFz9s6jxTnZ3tKfmJj5fhAj8pjiznQ1If5/guZ3dcSbFaG1Ljs234gQACCCCAAAK+F3DXCs7inqL61GRMwZYu1dZIp7YuOqNwW5varP+a67WsvFbtYzqgtdMFHeuJaFBn1HmgXdF5t2pucKrraCWaNrNM8/SJek4MaKDzfbVEZ6t85rQMfeymgV/rQEuXgvNnaUZSdqZpZvlsRVveV2fGp0Fd0qn+PkXnlWnmqDdPJ46lY306YS1jymvM01nmaB/LmdE4OZeULdPamt9qx5tHEmvyY5/q/dfbVf74vVpUKtsypPmzpiff6zEtpPJ5EbUc+HWGtfyxMeyX5z6xfh3ac0hK8i9R6dKnFTFvqmbOVY7QKD+d8W7Wd+Z+PcPclDjn4jmLaF55SO6zSfH5f80ewz4vg2WaNSPDeRlt14HOM654Us4L1xZeIoAAAggggAACjkDSJarTWAw/S2bM0vxg1L6AzyfiAXU31yp0TbmW/eQjxZ/NdN1yvdz5iirjF/hJdzPkc8CRPrHT6j8aGXmf9iqio/0nFbEu8NO2ZW6Ibluma517KeI/v6ry2rcyd463DupEzyc5to++yfuYmY45Ts4lf6w7HrpbsgumWF+Hfto8W6v/4luuC+YubVt2g33/g31fy5SbVds+mvJY9hvLPpl8RmuzC8Ec3aJH+xWJ9OvoaNN0jhF9RsuunZLkNOVLFc7OgfmJAAIIIIAAAn4U+ErRTrr0W6pavUDbjvbrVEwqzVgKWTeZ/pOOX/PnqtDbWl97WMtb+/Xqfc4Tiqwbett1TNL8LwNRMl2z5oeko9kOYv2m/EaFVKag+rJ1crUHVdkU1v6am5J/A+3qkf7S/u1x1hjS90huGW3M0won75DxXax3vJxLVLrwDq1WnQ50/lAz+99Ve+Vd+kmZ9Zt858sZHlBTz888/HbfCXm0/b5IvxFZo+wT63YO/iV/TtWMWbnPE+vTqVBImh/Mccq5o6hsUs/+Gs3J+HfE3ZHXCCCAAAIIIIDA6AJFfElxvRateEgV7c9p695MX4Bl/Sb8h1pw9z6dvXqqBk/06ZhSl4X8QefPjsfXll2vhVWVCh47oo+j7ufox+xxrWVLpYkL4qC1nMn9aYfTx05WvDAK6diHv1HUuU6Ob7K+7Ot7yv5EHPvC01mWNHruR3rkNaYzR3vZ0/De7k8+nLmMk3M8Lqnl56+rbc8RVQ4/XcouLoLH9eHHvxsuJ+IhWV+ityTTE5ysrWPZL899SmZp8crFGl4WZvvEeptVFfDyxW65xouo55gSy5acnMWX0A0nQxq0+lywG5ycZTgvu57TkrQvL7RzmbQMy3VsXiKAAAIIIIAAAvErqqJlKNG0BbV6uWmR9t//sDbtPjxywR1/1Og6La09ob98bZPuvfEq++L9kFp2/cLud0nRw6+q4dEXk5cVudeQXxhUypNOs2iVqHTRg3rqzg/0aMOrOhwvImIa7G7RulW7VL59g1ZYa+BLF+uxF/5MLavq1dxtFS7WNxPv1ZbNu1wxTFfFYw1avv9v1bDzQztW6wvztmnDRmn70/dl+U2yfb9FtE/9p9xFTJaQk5rzGbNEpRVr9cLydm3estd+VKoV1w5tth5NGv/jXPyO5uzcG2LtFNOFwQvJRYB9NClRJJbv2KRN7bdq5eJZI5/IxC1v1/5Hf6ydh6OJ/Qe71bb5SW3UI3p6xZyRvsPHk50Dj/vlNdZVKlv+A20qf1Obn+1I5C12Ugd37VF7xUY7Hvf9Il9ocPAP7shGXpcu1F89tShlbh+red16bSt3jmXnrGW91jV/nHicsDX/LVu1bXhpk5OzlPOyd682b3hRcs5LZ+T4UryzrkLN2cBPBBBAAAEEEEBgRKCIP4GwJlGqm2peVlfnOpX/5kmFptjr4K+5X6/p3+u1nrf09NIbExeSpYv1o31btej/VNv9Fui//O/pqt77luqCIyAqma3l9at1yfoeiKtr9GZfnt8aPG2ual5s1Wu3/z/Vh/5IgcAUXfPD3+j21w5q34ZF9rr9qbrxvqd1cPdcfbD02kSftZ369rrHVOkO4cZ7tfPgTt1+6u/tWK9VxTvXa13nq3p8wXWunskvS+b8herrTmrPof4sF+TJ/d3vSvIZs+Qbum/nG2q44R1VXGOtqf+OtnyyUOu23ztyqDydS8qqVL/pnGrLr9bV9/8P9SV92uIcrkTTblmu1ZVBBWu+r6r48iVnm2352u06Vb9AU6z7RK55QO/csFadbzyiBVlvJB/LfvntUxK8U0+98Yb+cqgxkbcp39bmoVWueOwi49ITKp8yW/e/2TfyTdzOtOI/rfP6OR1Mmttfq+f2nerZt354bomcNWreB/9B18Tnv14ffbtG2yudm6itXxFYOUs5Lyve0Q3r9uiNx53zMjF4rO+X2uMu1Ozv5sj+qVdS0LxBAAEEEEAAAZ8IBKxnUllzDQQC1iNdfTLtyTpN65uod+ruDVKj60Lz8s72C/U2r1FFz39S99alKr28g3H0yyZAHi8bLQdGAAEEEEBgEgi4a4Ui/wRiEmRjXKdgLetarScXvauX2j/1/ClE7lDsb7UO1drLr6ze1jKwJm154oIeX3ErxUNuwIm9deCXajH1mF0AAAeESURBVHr63+iFxxaTx4mdKaJDAAEEEECg4AIUEAVPwXgHMF0VP9qgr7/zjv4lvxs48gzAWk+/TvteuNlefmUtF/sjLXjxc92zL/fSqjwHoFvBBM6q65Umnd62Uffe6P6+iIIFxMAIIIAAAgggMIEFWMI0gZNDaAgggAACCCCAAAIITAQBljBNhCwQAwIIIIAAAggggAACRSjAEqYiTBohI4AAAggggAACCCBQKAEKiELJMy4CCCCAAAIIIIAAAkUoQAFRhEkjZAQQQAABBBBAAAEECiVAAVEoecZFAAEEEEAAAQQQQKAIBSggijBphIwAAggggAACCCCAQKEEKCAKJc+4CCCAAAIIIIAAAggUoQAFRBEmjZARQAABBBBAAAEEECiUAAVEoeQZFwEEEEAAAQQQQACBIhSggCjCpBEyAggggAACCCCAAAKFEqCAKJQ84yKAAAIIIIAAAgggUIQCFBBFmDRCRgABBBBAAAEEEECgUAIUEIWSZ1wEEEAAAQQQQAABBIpQgAKiCJNGyAgggAACCCCAAAIIFEqAAqJQ8oyLAAIIIIAAAggggEARClBAFGHSCBkBBBBAAAEEEEAAgUIJUEAUSp5xEUAAAQQQQAABBBAoQgEKiCJMGiEjgAACCCCAAAIIIFAoAQqIQskzLgIIIIAAAggggAACRShAAVGESSNkBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQKJUABUSh5xkUAAQQQQAABBBBAoAgFKCCKMGmEjAACCCCAAAIIIIBAoQQoIAolz7gIIIAAAggggAACCBShAAVEESaNkBFAAAEEEEAAAQQQKJQABUSh5BkXAQQQQAABBBBAAIEiFKCAKMKkETICCCCAAAIIIIAAAoUSoIAolDzjIoAAAggggAACCCBQhAIUEEWYNEJGAAEEEEAAAQQQQKBQAhQQhZJnXAQQQAABBBBAAAEEilCAAqIIk0bICCCAAAIIIIAAAggUSoAColDyjIsAAggggAACCCCAQBEKUEAUYdIIGQEEEEAAAQQQQACBQglQQBRKnnERQAABBBBAAAEEEChCAQqIIkwaISOAAAIIIIAAAgggUCgBCohCyTMuAggggAACCCCAAAJFKEABUYRJI2QEEEAAAQQQQAABBAolMGkKiFhvs6oCAYXqwxrIphnrVnNVSIFQg8IDsSy9vlBv8woFAgtVHz6dpY802ccTVpI4F6y/AJP9XGd+VpIn4r+NnHvx/wOakLnh30b+bbQvjzg/E39Nx+0a1HYtgh8BY4yx4gwEArJfFkHYhIgAAggggAACCCCAAAJXSsBdK0yaTyCuFB7jIIAAAggggAACCCDgZwEKCD9nn7kjgAACCCCAAAIIIOBRgALCIxjdEUAAAQQQQAABBBDwswAFhJ+zz9wRQAABBBBAAAEEEPAoQAHhEYzuCCCAAAIIIIAAAgj4WYACws/ZZ+4IIIAAAggggAACCHgUoIDwCEZ3BBBAAAEEEEAAAQT8LEAB4efsM3cEEEAAAQQQQAABBDwKUEB4BKM7AggggAACCCCAAAJ+FqCA8HP2mTsCCCCAAAIIIIAAAh4FKCA8gtEdAQQQQAABBBBAAAE/C1BA+Dn7zB0BBBBAAAEEEEAAAY8CFBAeweiOAAIIIIAAAggggICfBSgg/Jx95o4AAggggAACCCCAgEcBCgiPYHRHAAEEEEAAAQQQQMDPAhQQfs4+c0cAAQQQQAABBBBAwKMABYRHMLojgAACCCCAAAIIIOBnAQoIP2efuSOAAAIIIIAAAggg4FGAAsIjGN0RQAABBBBAAAEEEPCzAAWEn7PP3BFAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8ChAAeERjO4IIIAAAggggAACCPhZgALCz9ln7ggggAACCCCAAAIIeBSggPAIRncEEEAAAQQQQAABBPwsQAHh5+wzdwQQQAABBBBAAAEEPApQQHgEozsCCCCAAAIIIIAAAn4WoIDwc/aZOwIIIIAAAggggAACHgUoIDyC0R0BBBBAAAEEEEAAAT8LUED4OfvMHQEEEEAAAQQQQAABjwIUEB7B6I4AAggggAACCCCAgJ8FKCD8nH3mjgACCCCAAAIIIICARwEKCI9gdEcAAQQQQAABBBBAwM8CFBB+zj5zRwABBBBAAAEEEEDAowAFhEcwuiOAAAIIIIAAAggg4GcBCgg/Z5+5I4AAAggggAACCCDgUYACwiMY3RFAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8LMABYSfs8/cEUAAAQQQQAABBBDwKEAB4RGM7ggggAACCCCAAAII+FmAAsLP2WfuCCCAAAIIIIAAAgh4FKCA8AhGdwQQQAABBBBAAAEE/CxAAeHn7DN3BBBAAAEEEEAAAQQ8ClBAeASjOwIIIIAAAggggAACfhaggPBz9pk7AggggAACCCCAAAIeBSggPILRHQEEEEAAAQQQQAABPwsEjDEmEAj42YC5I4AAAggggAACCCCAQB4Cxhh9xepnveAPAggggAACCCCAAAIIIDCaAEuYRhNiOwIIIIAAAggggAACCAwLUEAMU/ACAQQQQAABBBBAAAEERhOggBhNiO0IIIAAAggggAACCCAwLPD/ASxlefJ48e4GAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Standard electrode potentials are measured relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. Describe a standard hydrogen electrode.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">j.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A magnesium half-cell, Mg(s)/Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq), can be connected to a copper half-cell, Cu(s)/Cu<sup>2+</sup>(aq).</p>
<p>(i) Formulate an equation for the spontaneous reaction that occurs when the circuit is completed.</p>
<p>(ii) Determine the standard cell potential, in V, for the cell. Refer to section 24 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>(iii) Predict, giving a reason, the change in cell potential when the concentration of copper ions increases.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">k.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>contamination with sodium/other «compounds»</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i<br>energy levels are closer together at high energy / high frequency / short wavelength</p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii<br>ionisation energy</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i)</p>
<p><em>Anode (positive electrode):</em></p>
<p>2Cl<sup>–</sup> → Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2e<sup>–</sup></p>
<p><em>Cathode (negative electrode):</em></p>
<p>Mg<sup>2+</sup> + 2e<sup>–</sup> → Mg (l)</p>
<p><em>Penalize missing/incorrect state symbols at Cl<sub>2</sub> and Mg once only.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if equations are at wrong electrodes. </em></p>
<p><em>Accept Mg (g).</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii)</p>
<p>reduction</p>
<p> </p>
<p>iii)</p>
<p><em>Anode (positive electrode):</em><br>oxygen/O<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>hydogen ion/proton/H<sup>+</sup> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oxygen/O<sub>2</sub><br><em>Cathode (negative electrode):</em><br>hydrogen/H<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>hydroxide «ion»/OH<sup>–</sup> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydrogen/H<sub>2</sub></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if correct products given at wrong electrodes.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>«inert» Pt electrode<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>platinum black conductor</p>
<p>1 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> H<sup>+ </sup>(aq)</p>
<p>H<sub>2</sub> (g) at 100 kPa</p>
<p><em>Accept 1 atm H<sub>2</sub> (g).</em><br><em>Accept 1 bar H<sub>2</sub> (g)</em><br><em>Accept a labelled diagram.</em><br><em>Ignore temperature if it is specified.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">j.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p>Mg(s) + Cu<sup>2+</sup> (aq) → Mg<sup>2+</sup> (aq) + Cu(s)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p>«+0.34V – (–2.37V) = +»2.71 «V»</p>
<p> </p>
<p>iii</p>
<p>cell potential increases</p>
<p>reaction «in Q4(k)(i)» moves to the right<br><em><strong>OR <br></strong></em>potential of the copper half-cell increases/becomes more positive</p>
<p><em>Accept correct answers based on the Nernst equation</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">k.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">j.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">k.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> </span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> <br>Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the mechanism of the reaction between chloroethane and aqueous sodium hydroxide, <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>NaOH</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math>, using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion.<br>Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and chemical shifts with splitting patterns in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR</span><span class="fontstyle0"> spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s produce chlorine radicals. Write two successive propagation steps to show how chlorine radicals catalyse the depletion of ozone.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>6</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>5</mn></msup></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept condensed electron configuration.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Cl</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>more «electron–electron» repulsion ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>l</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">-</mo></msup></math> <strong>AND</strong> has an extra electron.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math> has a greater nuclear charge/number of protons/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub></math> «causing a stronger pull on the outer electrons» ✔</p>
<p>same number of shells<br><strong><em>OR</em></strong><br>same «outer» energy level<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>similar shielding ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«two major» isotopes «of atomic mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«diatomic» molecule composed of «two» chlorine-37 atoms ✔</p>
<p>chlorine-37 is the least abundant «isotope»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>low probability of two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Cl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mmultiscripts><mrow></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>37</mn></mmultiscripts></mmultiscripts></math> «isotopes» occurring in a molecule ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>86</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>94</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi>HCl</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> is the limiting reactant ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept other valid methods of determining the limiting reactant in M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math></p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>–</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>277</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>22</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>697</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept methods employing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>oxidizing agent <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oxidation state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Mn</mi></math> changes from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math>/decreases ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>partially dissociates/ionizes «in water» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>ClO</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mo>[</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«free radical» substitution/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>chloroethane <em><strong>AND</strong></em> C–Cl bond is weaker/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>324</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> than C–H bond/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>414</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>chloroethane <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>contains a polar bond ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “chloroethane <strong>AND</strong> polar”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="529" height="155"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math> in <sup>−</sup>OH to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></math> ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow showing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math> leaving ✔</p>
<p>representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">-</mo></msup></math> with or without the lone pair.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept curly arrows originating on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>H</mi></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curly arrows in the transition state.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>H</mi><mi>O</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math> are not at 180°.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award M3 if <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi></math> bond is represented.</em> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOYAAABcCAYAAAB6O8moAAAIw0lEQVR4Ae2dMZLUWBBE51Kcg0twBYw9ACfgBByAA2Dg4WNuYGNj4IBF9EbObrGK5KtHJdWXsibyRyjUpSlJWa9+SmqIaD3cPEzABOQIPMgpsiATMIGbjelJYAKCBGxMwaZYkgnYmJ4DJiBIQN6YX758uT08/Cnz/fv3w+0zGStpmVln9thrvXj9+vUNy5lDScuRuv+c8UeONmFfJTMoaZmAevchlcygpGU30NtN/x9/lMygpOVI06v3VTKDkpYjnNvcMQF8ueARafSIewTGU/uGMZc68PkKLU9pPfPvYIBeMJeXL19e9iiroOVID9oYM76vxBpNv8qYoSHWV2g50vTqfcOYwSPWL168uMyYoSHWV2g5wrmNMbnImAy8fWYcd0w+xxVaWMOV8Vr9YYoztSlpOVK3jZmgZ2OOYSmZQUnLmNa2rTbmNk6PWTbmGJaSGZS0jGlt2ypvzK9fvw6/p3z69Gm4fVvZ+7KUtOyrYM5ea7149+7dDcuZQ0nLkbrljXmkOO9rAl0JtDPm2f8Se6+xSlru6Tz7b0pclLRk+mBjZmhRbtemUxnloRIXJS0Z0DZmhhbldm06lVEeKnFR0pIBbWNmaFFu16ZTGeWhEhclLRnQNmaGFuV2bTqVUR4qcVHSkgFtY2ZoUW7XplMZ5aESFyUtGdA2ZoYW5XZtOpVRHipxUdKSAW1jZmhRbtemUxnloRIXJS0Z0DZmhhbldm06lVEeKnFR0pIBbWNmaFFu16ZTGeWhEhclLRnQNmaGFuV2bTqVUR4qcVHSkgFtY2ZoUW7XplMZ5aESFyUtGdA2ZoYW5XZtOpVRHipxUdKSAW1jZmhRbtemUxnloRIXJS0Z0DZmhhbldm06lVEeKnFR0pIBbWNmaFFu16ZTGeWhEhclLRnQNmaGFuV2bTqVUR4qcVHSkgFtY2ZoUW7XplMZ5aESFyUtGdA2ZoYW5XZtOpVRHipxUdKSAW1jZmhRbtemUxnloRIXJS0Z0DZmhhbldm06lVEeKnFR0pIBbWNmaFFu16ZTGeWhEhclLRnQ7YyZKc65JtCVwNCYP378uOFXx7Fejm/fvj1uX2478zM04Ze2P3/+fOZph+dS0YIfoQYTLNB05cB8QW+s5d8urPkFPcNybwyNiQbjEYAbDeBXPBqgCLytCed+9erV43qk716hVX9b0/IU6KrzL4/z5s2b3yyCCzhhQpw98Avo6AkWvEwIawUtV3JZ88uWly3JGxOTDA0G4OUdHMXh9XfLbbMnY2jBueO8WEPb2Vrw6gFMfjQ/tEAfdDCr2VziQv727dvfWqAptMw+//L4Sy2xHVowh9C3M8ezNmZcifkugDvUhw8ffk+EM4DjfDBDGCHOeYUWTDQYgUdMzDMf9zEBoWfEBf3j7ay5MsYFa3SRBBdoOXNMMyauvHHbjTsUJmYMfJ654DyYfAD91JipI2qGFjB5aszUgnPjIoVzrE00/A2TIsZsPTFH4nxr65k6cGyMmLNrGmL7GVrCmMEn1lvu3v+7LBTfbo/fLSEcExEHjwUHDgCL9Kkftxpzqoj/Do7vdFuMOVtLGHPtrogL2dKYs/XEhJt9ni3H32rMLcc6mhPGDP/EGv0Bs3vjrjFx+1+OONFy2+zPa4+PmJwwypn/6BL186MZNJytBc0dveLuKdPO6Bd04C7AA/MHXKDprBGPsnw+XMTO1hLzhbVsuZDJGxNNRdMBdTlQ3Oh7zTKn+nNMetzFlwNaYBQ27DKn+nOYYfk4C31XcInvtcwFTM5+woAB8VS3vGihL1vuUtU9etbGBCxMPsAOuDAk4rVHuWrAy+MpaYERwAE8YID4fOZTRLCJJxv0CBfR6BE/dUX+zHUYIuYLuGA5m0vo4Fp33zFx5cVBsV4OQMb2Kwa0wBS4EmLN2s7UhAZjIoaWM++UXCe0oCcwqQqX0HI1l6t7tOYX9AnLvTF8lL23g/9mAiYwn0A7Y+KRRGUoaVFhAh1KXJS0ZHqkM8s3qlYCraRlI75T0pS4KGnJwLcxM7Qot2vTqYzyUImLkpYMaBszQ4tyuzadyigPlbgoacmAtjEztCi3a9OpjPJQiYuSlgxoGzNDi3K7Np3KKA+VuChpyYC2MTO0KLdr06mM8lCJi5KWDGgbM0OLcrs2ncooD5W4KGnJgLYxM7Qot2vTqYzyUImLkpYMaBszQ4tyuzadyigPlbgoacmAtjEztCi3a9OpjPJQiYuSlgxoGzNDi3K7Np3KKA+VuChpyYC2MTO0KLdr06mM8lCJi5KWDGgbM0OLcrs2ncooD5W4KGnJgLYxM7Qot2vTqYzyUImLkpYMaBszQ4tyuzadyigPlbgoacmAtjEztCi3a9OpjPJQiYuSlgxoGzNDi3K7Np3KKA+VuChpyYC2MTO0KLdr06mM8lCJi5KWDGgbM0OLcrs2ncooD5W4KGnJgLYxM7Qot2vTqYzyUImLkpYMaBszQ4tyuzadyigPlbgoacmAbmfMTHHONYGuBOSNGT8+zYDXfkyX8ypjJS2VdR091lovtvyw8dFz8/5KWlhbJpY3JkCPHkfWfn4+U3w2V0lLVvvM/LVebHkVQLUuJS1HarMxE/RszDEsJTMoaRnT2rbVxtzG6THLxhzDUjKDkpYxrW1b2xgTj7OjZVuZNVlhzJGO0eN2zVn1jxJmGHHB4+yZQ0nLkbrbGBOmWC7xCrojxWf3DWMudeDzFVqy2mfmhxmYyxVvd1bScoR5G2NykdEA3j4zDmPyOa7QwhqujNfq9z/+7O+KjZlgZ2OOYdmYYy5HttqYCXo25hiWjTnmsn/rz5u8MfFWYhiCB/6zf7Sd8ypjJS2VdR091lov8Lbrs1+vrqRlN9dff+sbc3dx3tEEuhL4/tHG7No7636uBH7dvn/8y8Z8ru11Xb0JyH/H7I3X6k1gHwEbcx8372UCUwnYmFPx+uAmsI+AjbmPm/cygakEbMypeH1wE9hHwMbcx817mcBUAjbmVLw+uAnsI/APxGtcBLgHHigAAAAASUVORK5CYII="> / <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>OCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo mathvariant="italic">(</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">3</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mo mathvariant="italic">)</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>2 «signals» ✔</p>
<p>0.9−1.0 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triplet ✔</p>
<p>3.3−3.7<em><strong> AND</strong></em> quartet ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept any values in the ranges.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for two correct chemical shifts or two correct splitting patterns.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>45</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>58</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>64</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mo>%</mo><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>research «collaboration» for alternative technologies «to replace <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>technologies «developed»/data could be shared<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>political pressure/Montreal Protocol/governments passing legislations ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “collaboration”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept any reference to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math> as greenhouse gas or product of fossil fuel combustion.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept reference to specific measures, such as agreement on banning use/manufacture of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math>s.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>Cl</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>ClO</mi><mo>·</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>ClO</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>Cl</mi><mo>·</mo></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>ClO</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>→</mo><mi>Cl</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Penalize missing/incorrect radical dot (∙) once only.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Well answered question with 90% of candidates correctly identifying the complete electron configuration for chlorine.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates could correctly explain the relative sizes of chlorine atom and chloride ion.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Fairly well answered though some candidates missed M2 for not recognizing the same number of shells affected.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than 80% could identify that the two peaks in the MS of chlorine are due to different isotopes.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Not well answered. Some candidates were able to identify m/z 74 being due to the m/z of two Cl-37 atoms, however fewer candidates were able to explain the relative abundance of the isotope.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Stoichiometric calculations were generally well done and over 90% could calculate mol from a given mass.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>90% of candidates earned full marks on this 2-mark question involving finding a limiting reactant.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Surprisingly, quite a number of candidates struggled with the quantity of excess reactant despite correctly identifying limiting reactant previously.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates could find the volume of gas produced in a reaction under standard conditions.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than 90% could identify the oxidation number of manganese in both MnO<sub>2</sub> and MnCl<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates stated that MnO<sub>2</sub> is an oxidizing agent in the reaction but many did not get the mark because there was no reference to oxidation states.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another well answered 1-mark question where candidates correctly identified a weak acid as an acid which partially dissociates in water. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Roughly ⅓ of the candidates failed to identify the conjugate base, perhaps distracted by the fact it was not contained in the equation given.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Vast majority of candidates could calculate the concentration of H<sup>+</sup> (aq) in a HClO (aq) solution with a pH =3.61.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many identified the reaction of chlorine with ethane as free-radical substitution, or just substitution, with some erroneously stating nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The underlying reasons for the relative reactivity of ethane and chloroethane were not very well known with a few giving erroneous reasons and some stating ethane more reactive.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Few earned full marks for the curly arrow mechanism of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and chloroethane. Mistakes being careless curly arrow drawing, inappropriate –OH notation, curly arrows from the hydrogen or from the carbon to the C–Cl bond, or a method that missed the transition state.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Approximately 60% could draw ethoxyethane however many demonstrated little knowledge of structure of an ether molecule.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A poorly answered question with some getting full marks on this 1HNMR spectrum of ethoxyethane question. Very few could identify all 3 of number of signals, chemical shift, and splitting pattern.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another good example of candidates being well rehearsed in calculations with 90% earning 2/2 on this question of calculation percentage by mass composition. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Somewhat disappointing answers on this question about how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of CFC emissions. Many gave vague answers and some referred to carbon emissions and global warming.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Few could construct the propagation equations showing how CFCs affect ozone, and many lost marks by failing to identify ClO· as a radical.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of propanone and propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction</span></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Pb</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Ni</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Label the diagram with the species in the equation.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="576" height="239"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard cell potential, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></math>, for the cell at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>. Use section 24 of the data booklet</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard free energy change, </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle4"><strong>in</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="bold">kJ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">, for the cell using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest a metal that could replace nickel in a new half-cell and reverse the electron flow. Use section 25 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe the bonding in metals.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel alloys are used in aircraft gas turbines. Suggest a physical property altered by the addition of another metal to nickel.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>provides an alternative pathway/mechanism <em><strong>AND</strong></em> lower <em>E</em><sub>a</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept description of how catalyst lowers E<sub>a</sub> (e.g. “reactants adsorb on surface «of catalyst»”, “reactant bonds weaken «when adsorbed»”).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>more/greater proportion of molecules with <em>E</em> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAAMCAYAAABSgIzaAAAAkklEQVQoFWP4TyZgqEzq/r/2zLP/f0k0gKFMkuE/AwPDfwaHsv9zN5z5/4xIExj+f775f+/aWf/LHCQhBjC4/S+bu/f/zc/4TWBAduHfZ2f+b4AbovM/rnvF/703PyIrgbNRNMJF/3//f3NuKMQFkpX/937EtB1FI2k2kutHskOV7HhEBAhpLEQCACUCbBhHqAIAqolBX7mtjgwAAAAASUVORK5CYII="><em>E</em><sub>a </sub>✔</p>
<p>greater frequency/probability/chance of collisions «between the molecules»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>more collision per unit of time/second ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen bonding/bonds «and dipole–dipole and London/dispersion forces are present in» propan-2-ol ✔</p>
<p>dipole–dipole «and London/dispersion are present in» propanone ✔</p>
<p>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydrogen bonding/bonds stronger «than dipole–dipole »<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «sum of all» intermolecular forces stronger ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>«</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>−</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>26</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>ΔG</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>nFE</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>96</mn><mo> </mo><mn>500</mn><mo>×</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow><mn>1000</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>25</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Bi</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Ag</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pd</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Hg</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pt</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Au</mi><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>b</mi></math> <strong>OR</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>electrostatic attraction ✔</p>
<p>between «a lattice of» metal/positive ions/cations <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «a sea of» delocalized electrons ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “mobile/free electrons”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>malleability/hardness<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«tensile» strength/ductility<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>density<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal/electrical conductivity<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>melting point<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal expansion ✔</p>
<p><em>Do not accept corrosion/reactivity or any chemical property.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other specific physical properties.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Although fairly well done some candidates did not mention that providing an alternate pathway to the reaction was how the activation energy was lowered and hence did not gain the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Almost all candidates earned at least 1 mark for the effect of temperature on rate. Some missed increase in collision frequency, others the idea that more particles reached the required activation energy.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The average mark was 1.9/3. Almost all candidates could recognize hydrogen bonding in alcohol but many missed the dipole-dipole attraction in propanone. There was also some confusion on the term volatility, with some thinking stronger IMF meant higher volatility.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A surprising number of No Response for a question where candidates simply had to label a diagram with the species in the equation. Some candidates had the idea but did not use the species for electrolytic cell, e.g., Pb(SO<sub>4</sub>) instead of Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>80% of candidates could correctly calculate a cell potential by using a reduction table and a balanced redox reaction. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was similar to 2f(ii) where many could apply the formula for Gibbs free energy change, ΔG<sup>ө</sup>, correctly however some did not get the units correct.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>80% could correctly pick a metal to reverse the electron flow, however some candidates thought a more reactive, rather than a less reactive metal than nickel would reverse the electron flow.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates were aware that metallic bonding involved a "sea of electrons", but were unsure about surrounding what and could not identify that it was electrostatic attraction holding the metal together.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Almost all candidates could correctly identify a physical property of a metal which might be altered when alloying.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>