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<h2>SL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Which represents a <em>p</em> orbital?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="428" height="332"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is correct for the line emission spectrum for hydrogen?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>A. Line M has a higher energy than line N. <br>B. Line N has a lower frequency than line M. <br>C. Line M has a longer wavelength than line N. <br>D. Lines converge at lower energy.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. [Ar]3d<sup>6</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. [Ar]4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>4</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. [Ar]4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. [Ar]4s<sup>2</sup>4p<sup>4</sup></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A large number of the candidates had ground state configuration of Cr as 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>4</sup> rather than 4s<sup>1</sup> 3d<sup>5</sup></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which electron transition emits radiation of the longest wavelength?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital?</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which is correct for <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{16}^{34}{{\text{S}}^{2 - }}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>16</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>34</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mrow>
    <msup>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>S</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mo>−</mo>
      </mrow>
    </msup>
  </mrow>
</math></span>?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="394" height="207"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A well answered question. 88 % of the candidates deduced the correct numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in the sulfide ion.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the condensed electron configuration of the Fe<sup>2+</sup> ion? </p>
<p>A. [Ar]3d<sup>6<br></sup>B. [Ar]3d<sup>4</sup>4s<sup>2<br></sup>C. [Ar]3d<sup>5</sup>4s<sup>1<br></sup>D. [Ar]3d<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>2</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the number of protons and the number of neutrons in <sup>131</sup>I?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is represented by A in <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{{\text{X}}^{2 - }}"><msubsup><mrow></mrow><mtext>Z</mtext><mtext>A</mtext></msubsup><msup><mtext>X</mtext><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Number of electrons<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Number of neutrons<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Number of nucleons<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Number of protons</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Naturally occurring gallium consists of the isotopes <sup>71</sup>Ga and <sup>69</sup>Ga. What is the approximate percentage abundance of <sup>69</sup>Ga?</p>
<p><em>M</em><sub>r </sub>(Ga) = 69.72.</p>
<p><br>A.  40 %</p>
<p>B.  50 %</p>
<p>C.  60 %</p>
<p>D.  75 %</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which technique is used to detect the isotopes of an element?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A.  Mass spectrometry<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B.  Infrared spectroscopy<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C.  Titration<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D.  Recrystallization</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the relative molecular mass of bromine, according to the following mass spectrum?</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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" width="622" height="293"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce <br>on behalf of&nbsp;the United States of America. All rights reserved.</p>
<p><br>A.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>158</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>52</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>160</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>162</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>52</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>B.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>158</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>52</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>160</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>162</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>158</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>160</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>162</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>C.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>79</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>11</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>81</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>11</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>158</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>52</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>160</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>162</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>11</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>52</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
<p>D.&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>79</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>11</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>81</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground state?</p>
<p>A. [Ne]3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>B. [Ar]3d<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>C. 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>D. [Ar]4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th main energy level in an atom?</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>14</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>18</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D.  </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>32</mn></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Poorly answered questions from candidates in general. Only 38% of candidates could state the maximum&nbsp;number of electrons in the 4th principal energy level is 32, with the most common incorrect answer being&nbsp;18.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen?</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">I. The lines converge at higher frequencies.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">II. Electron transitions to n = 2 are responsible for lines in the visible region.</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">III. Lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higher energy levels.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   I and II only</p>
<p>B.   I and III only</p>
<p>C.   II and III only</p>
<p>D.   I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>In which set do all the species contain more electrons than neutrons?</p>
<p>A.     <sup>14</sup>N, <sup>16</sup>O, <sup>11</sup>C</p>
<p>B.     <sup>14</sup>N, <sup>16</sup>O, <sup>11</sup>C<sup>4–</sup></p>
<p>C.     <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>, <sup>16</sup>O<sup>2–</sup>, <sup>11</sup>C</p>
<p>D.     <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>, <sup>16</sup>O<sup>2–</sup>, <sup>11</sup>C<sup>4+</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">What is the relative atomic mass, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>A</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, of an element with this mass spectrum?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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" width="284" height="270"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>24</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>24</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>24</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">D.  </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>25</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Well answered question with more than 70% of candidates able to find the RAM of an element from&nbsp;isotope relative abundances.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region?</p>
<p>I.     The red line has a lower energy than the blue line.</p>
<p>II.     The lines converge at longer wavelength.</p>
<p>III.     The frequency of the blue line is greater than the frequency of the red line.</p>
<p>A.     I and II only</p>
<p>B.     I and III only</p>
<p>C.     II and III only</p>
<p>D.     I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?</p>
<p>A.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>B.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>C.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>D.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>5</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bromine consists of two stable isotopes that exist in approximately a 1 : 1 ratio. The relative atomic mass, <em>A</em><sub>r</sub>, of bromine is 79.90. Which are the stable isotopes of bromine?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. <sup>79</sup>Br and <sup>81</sup>Br</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. <sup>80</sup>Br and <sup>81</sup>Br</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. <sup>78</sup>Br and <sup>80</sup>Br</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. <sup>79</sup>Br and <sup>80</sup>Br</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Almost 56&thinsp;% of candidates could find a 1:1 ratio as an average of 2 items, however many had <sup>79</sup>Br and <sup>80</sup>Br with an average mass of 79.90</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What does <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{12}^{24}M{g^{2 + }}">
  <msubsup>
    <mrow>

    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>12</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>24</mn>
    </mrow>
  </msubsup>
  <mi>M</mi>
  <mrow>
    <msup>
      <mi>g</mi>
      <mrow>
        <mn>2</mn>
        <mo>+</mo>
      </mrow>
    </msup>
  </mrow>
</math></span> represent?</p>
<p>A.     An ion with 12 protons and 24 neutrons</p>
<p>B.     An ion with 14 protons and 24 neutrons</p>
<p>C.     An ion with 12 protons and 12 neutrons</p>
<p>D.     An ion with 12 protons and 22 neutrons</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statement about <sup>56</sup>Fe<sup>3+</sup> and <sup>54</sup>Fe<sup>2+</sup> is correct?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Both have the same numbers of protons and electrons.</p>
<p>B. Both have the same number of protons.</p>
<p>C. Both have the same number of neutrons.</p>
<p>D. Both have the same numbers of protons and neutrons.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The full electron configuration of an element is:</p>
<p>1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>To which group and period does the element belong?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the relative atomic mass of an element with the following mass spectrum?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>A.  23</p>
<p>B.  24</p>
<p>C.  25</p>
<p>D.  28</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>69% of the candidates determined the relative atomic mass of the element from its mass spectrum.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>How are emission spectra formed?</p>
<p>A.  Photons are absorbed when promoted electrons return to a lower energy level.</p>
<p>B.  Photons are absorbed when electrons are promoted to a higher energy level.</p>
<p>C.  Photons are emitted when electrons are promoted to a higher energy level.</p>
<p>D.  Photons are emitted when promoted electrons return to a lower energy level.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is represented by <sup>“2−”</sup> in <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi><none></none><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></mmultiscripts></math>?</p>
<p>A.&nbsp; loss of electron</p>
<p>B.&nbsp; gain of electron</p>
<p>C.&nbsp; loss of proton</p>
<p>D.&nbsp; gain of proton</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which experimental results support the theory that electrons exist in discrete energy levels?</p>
<p>A.  <sup>1</sup>H NMR</p>
<p>B.  X-ray diffraction pattern</p>
<p>C.  Emission spectra</p>
<p>D.  IR spectra</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A well answered question. 84% of the candidates identified emission spectra as the experimental results that support the theory that electrons exist in discrete energy levels.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the composition of the nucleus of <sup>26</sup>Mg?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_06.15.06.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/05"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>How many p-orbitals are occupied in a phosphorus atom?</p>
<p><br>A.  2</p>
<p>B.  3</p>
<p>C.  5</p>
<p>D.  6</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which electron transition in the hydrogen atom emission spectrum emits radiation with the longest wavelength?</p>
<p>A.     <em>n</em> = 2 → <em>n</em> = 1</p>
<p>B.     <em>n</em> = 1 → <em>n</em> = 2</p>
<p>C.     <em>n</em> = 4 → <em>n</em> = 1</p>
<p>D.     <em>n</em> = 3 → <em>n</em> = 2</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p-orbital?</p>
<p>A.  2</p>
<p>B.  3</p>
<p>C.  6</p>
<p>D.  8</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Question 6 was poorly answered as it asked for the number of electrons in a p orbital. Very few students gave the correct answer of 2. The majority chose answer C (6) for the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a p-orbital, rather than A (2). It appears candidates reflexively conflated p-orbitals with the entire p subshell in any given period.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits visible light?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. n = 1 to n = 2</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. n = 2 to n = 3</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. n = 2 to n = 1</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. n = 3 to n = 2</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>This question discriminated well between high scoring and low scoring candidates. 68% of the candidates chose the correct transition that emits visible light (n = 3 to n = 2). The most commonly chosen distractor C was the only other option that involved emission.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which shows the number of subatomic particles in <sup>31</sup>P<sup>3−</sup>?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_11.44.09.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/05"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>