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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">An equation for the combustion of propane is given below.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>(g) + 5O<sub>2</sub>(g) <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAPCAYAAAAPr1RWAAAAtklEQVQ4EWP4T0PAQEOz/w8yw//e+L/AL+h//f6n//8S8DYZLv/7/+P+uv+68n4ELSDD8P////99+n9/nd9/ZXmL/6nzr/z/jMMH5BkOMuzzlf8Lki3+K8tr/feqXvr/7POfGFZADX/8f0Oy4X9leQUKcO7/Dc9/o1hAD5ejWEgE5/3/s31B/5Xl/f7XrL9BzTD/+//z2Un/vWiSWsDpPOJ//9n3BH1IfpgTNPr/YMv+RLgYpgQAW3wPIx3NN5kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=">3CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the standard enthalpy change, </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for this reaction, using section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard enthalpy change, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for this reaction using section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether the entropy change, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for this reaction is negative or positive.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">for the reaction in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, using section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The standard molar entropy for oxygen gas is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>205</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle4"><strong>in</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="bold">kJ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">, for the reaction at 5 °</span><span class="fontstyle0">C, using your answers to (b) and (d). Use section 1 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">(If you did not obtain an answer to (b) or (d) use values of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>-</mo><mn>1952</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>+</mo><mn>113</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">respectively, although these are not the correct answers.)</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Millerite, a nickel sulfide mineral, is an important source of nickel. The first step in extracting nickel is to roast the ore in air.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The reaction for the formation of liquid tetracarbonylnickel is shown below:</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="mjpage mjpage__block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" alttext="{\text{Ni(s)}} + 4{\text{CO(g)}} \to {\text{Ni(CO}}{{\text{)}}_4}{\text{(l)}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>Ni(s)</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext>CO(g)</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>Ni(CO</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>)</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>(l)</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate an equation for the oxidation of nickel(II) sulfide to nickel(II) oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The nickel obtained from another ore, nickeliferous limonite, is contaminated with iron. Both nickel and iron react with carbon monoxide gas to form gaseous complexes, tetracarbonylnickel, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{Ni(CO}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{(g)}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>Ni(CO</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>)</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>4</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>(g)</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span>, and pentacarbonyliron, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{Fe(CO}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{(g)}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>Fe(CO</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>)</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>(g)</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span>. Suggest why the nickel can be separated from the iron successfully using carbon monoxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard entropy change, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta {S^\theta }">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msup>
</mrow>
</math></span>, of the reaction, in <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>J</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>K</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</math></span>, using the values given.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate a value for <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta {H^\theta }">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msup>
</mrow>
</math></span> in kJ.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Use your answers to (c)(i) and (c)(ii), to determine the temperature, in °C, at which the decomposition of liquid tetracarbonylnickel to nickel and carbon monoxide becomes favourable.</p>
<p><br>(If you did not get answers to (c)(i) and (c)(ii), use <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" - 500{\text{ J}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}">
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>500</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> J</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>K</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</math></span> and <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" - 200{\text{ kJ}}">
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>200</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> kJ</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span> respectively but these are not the correct answers.)</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why experiments involving tetracarbonylnickel are very hazardous.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is in equilibrium with compound </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle2"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="247" height="82"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries around the </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>oxygen</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">atom of molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">using VSEPR</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="734" height="185"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of hybridization shown by the central carbon atom in molecule </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the number of sigma (</span><span class="fontstyle2"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">σ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">) and pi (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">π</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">) bonds around the central carbon atom in molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The IR spectrum of one of the compounds is shown:</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="687" height="247"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><span class="fontstyle0">COBLENTZ SOCIETY. Collection © 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</span></em></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, the compound producing this spectrum.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">are isomers. Draw two other structural isomers with the formula <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The equilibrium constant, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for the conversion of </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">in water at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, which compound, </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">or </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">, is present in greater concentration when equilibrium is reached.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle5"><strong>in</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="bold">kJ</mi><mo mathvariant="bold"> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="bold">mol</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="bold">–</mo><mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">, for the reaction (</span><strong><span class="fontstyle5">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle5">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">) at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Propanone can be synthesized in two steps from propene. Suggest the synthetic route including all the necessary reactants and steps.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Propanone can be synthesized in two steps from propene.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest why propanal is a minor product obtained from the synthetic route in (g)(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The Bombardier beetle sprays a mixture of hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide to fight off predators. The reaction equation to produce the spray can be written as:</p>
<table style="width: 388.667px; margin-left: 120px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 211px;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq)</td>
<td style="width: 18px;">→</td>
<td style="width: 195.667px;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 211px;">hydroquinone</td>
<td style="width: 18px;"> </td>
<td style="width: 195.667px;">quinone</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center; padding-left: 120px;"><br> </p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrogenation of propene produces propane. Calculate the standard entropy change, Δ<em>S<sup> </sup></em><sup>θ</sup>, for the hydrogenation of propene.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup>, for the hydrogenation of propene is –124.4 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>. Predict the temperature above which the hydrogenation reaction is not spontaneous.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Vanadium has a number of different oxidation states.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Electrode potentials for the reactions of vanadium and other species are shown below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the oxidation state of vanadium in each of the following species.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_09.58.14.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/03.a"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify, from the table, a non-vanadium species that can reduce VO<sup>2+</sup>(aq) to V<sup>3+</sup>(aq) but no further.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify, from the table, a non-vanadium species that could convert <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{VO}}_2^ + {\text{(aq)}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>VO</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>(aq)</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span> to V<sup>2+</sup>(aq).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate an equation for the reaction between VO<sup>2+</sup>(aq) and V<sup>2+</sup>(aq) in acidic solution to form V<sup>3+</sup>(aq).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Comment on the spontaneity of this reaction by calculating a value for <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta {G^\theta }">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msup>
</mrow>
</math></span> using the data given in (b) and in section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, reacts with thionyl chloride, SOCl<sub>2</sub>, according to the reaction below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l) + 2SOCl<sub>2</sub> (l) → ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl (l) + 2SO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2HCl (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction using the following data.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard entropy change for this reaction using the following data.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The standard free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>θ</sup>, for the above reaction is –103 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> at 298 K.</p>
<p>Suggest why Δ<em>G</em><sup>θ</sup> has a large negative value considering the sign of Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup> in part (a).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, and ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethyne reacts with chlorine in a similar way to ethene. Formulate equations for the following reactions.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Under certain conditions, ethyne can be converted to benzene.</p>
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup><em>, </em>for the reaction stated, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup><em>, </em>for the following similar reaction, using Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> values in section 12 of the data booklet.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(l)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, giving two reasons, the difference in the values for (c)(i) and (ii). If you did not obtain answers, use −475 kJ for (i) and −600 kJ for (ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard entropy change, Δ<em>S</em><sup>Θ</sup>, in J K<sup>−1</sup>, for the reaction in (ii) using section 12 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine, showing your working, the spontaneity of the reaction in (ii) at 25 °C.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One possible Lewis structure for benzene is shown.</p>
<p><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_14.31.21.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/03.d"></p>
<p>State one piece of physical evidence that this structure is <strong>incorrect</strong>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Enthalpy changes depend on the number and type of bonds broken and formed.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Enthalpy changes depend on the number and type of bonds broken and formed.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The table lists the standard enthalpies of formation, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta H_{\text{f}}^\Theta ">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mtext>f</mtext>
</mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Θ<!-- Θ --></mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span>, for some of the species in the reaction above.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_08.21.04.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/04.b"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrogen gas can be formed industrially by the reaction of natural gas with steam.</p>
<p> CH<sub>4</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) → 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) + CO(g)</p>
<p>Determine the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H, </em>for the reaction, in kJ, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>Bond enthalpy for C≡O: 1077 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why no value is listed for H<sub>2</sub>(g).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the value of Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup>, in kJ, for the reaction using the values in the table.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The table lists standard entropy, <em>S</em><sup>Θ</sup>, values.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_15.07.35.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/05.c"></p>
<p>Calculate the standard entropy change for the reaction, Δ<em>S</em><sup>Θ</sup>, in J K<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p>CH<sub>4</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) → 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) + CO(g)</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>Θ</sup>, in kJ, for the reaction at 298 K using your answer to (b)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the temperature, in K, above which the reaction becomes spontaneous.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Hydrogen and iodine react to form hydrogen iodide.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">H<sub>2</sub> (g) + <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math><sub>2</sub> (g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2H<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math> (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The following experimental data was obtained.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Consider the reaction of hydrogen with solid iodine.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">H<sub>2</sub> (g) + <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math><sub>2</sub> (s) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2H<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math> (g) Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup> = +53.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the order of reaction with respect to hydrogen.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the rate expression for the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the value of the rate constant stating its units.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>two</strong> conditions necessary for a successful collision between reactants.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the entropy change of reaction, Δ<em>S</em><sup>⦵</sup>, in J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving a reason, how the value of the ΔS<sup>⦵</sup><sub>reaction</sub> would be affected if <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>I</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math> (g) were used as a reactant.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the Gibbs free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup>, in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, for the reaction at 298 K. Use section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction at 298 K. Use your answer to (d)(iii) and sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>(If you did not obtain an answer to (d)(iii) use a value of 2.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, although this is not the correct answer).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Limestone can be converted into a variety of useful commercial products through the lime cycle. Limestone contains high percentages of calcium carbonate, CaCO<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" 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" width="538" height="218"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Thermodynamic data for the decomposition of calcium carbonate is given.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The second step of the lime cycle produces calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to reform calcium carbonate.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>(aq) + CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) → CaCO<sub>3</sub> (s) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calcium carbonate is heated to produce calcium oxide, CaO.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">CaCO<sub>3 </sub>(s) → CaO (s) + CO<sub>2 </sub>(g)</p>
<p>Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced at STP when 555 g of calcium carbonate decomposes. Use sections 2 and 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change of reaction, <em>ΔH</em>, in kJ, for the decomposition of calcium carbonate.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the change in entropy, Δ<em>S</em>, in J K<sup>−1</sup>, for the decomposition of calcium carbonate.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the temperature, in K, at which the decomposition of calcium carbonate becomes spontaneous, using b(i), b(ii) and section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>(If you do not have answers for b(i) and b(ii), use Δ<em>H</em> = 190 kJ and Δ<em>S</em> = 180 J K<sup>−1</sup>, but these are not the correct answers.)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch an energy profile for the decomposition of calcium carbonate based on your answer to b(i), labelling the axes and activation energy, <em>E</em><sub>a</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how adding a catalyst to the reaction would impact the enthalpy change of reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, and the activation energy, <em>E</em><sub>a</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABRQAAAFNCAYAAABxKOPEAAAgAElEQVR4Ae3dj5HTRhsHYPrIpIEMDTBXAVdBqCBUwFUAHXAVcBWECkIFoQM6uA78zXuJblb+ft6TbBFW3KMZj6VXf7x5dm3gF9n74mAhQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIDAQoEXC49zGAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBA4CRYOAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIHFAgLFxVQOJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEBAoGgMECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECCwWECguJjKgQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQICBSNAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEFgs8BIq//vrLwYOBMWAMGAPGgDFgDBgDxoAxYAwYA8aAMWAMGAPGgDFgDPTGQKWOj3co1oEWAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIHAu02aFA8VjHNgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECMwGB4ozDBgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECPQGBYk/HPgIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEZgICxRmHDQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEegICxZ6OfQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIzAQEijMOGwQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQI9AQEij0d+wgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQmAkIFGccNggQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQ6AkIFHs69hEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgMBMQKM44bBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAg0BMQKPZ07CNAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAYCYgUJxx2CBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAoCcgUOzp2EeAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAwExAoDjjsEGAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQE9AoNjTsY8AAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgZmAQHHGYYMAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgZ6AQLGnYx8BAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAjMBgeKMwwYBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAj0BgWJPxz4CBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBGYCAsUZhw0CBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBHoCAsWejn0ECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECMwEBIozDhsECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECPQEBIo9HfsIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEJgJCBRnHDYIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEOgJCBR7OvYRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIDATECjOOGwQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQINATECj2dOwjQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQGAmIFCccdggQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKAnIFDs6dhHgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMBMQKA447BBgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEBPQKDY07GPAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIGZgEBxxmGDAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIGegECxp2MfAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIzAYHijMMGAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQI9AYFiT8c+AgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgRmAgLFGYcNAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgR6AgLFns6F++7uPp19hbdv/zhU57x8+dvia9zcvFt9zuKLO5AAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIDA4fCQP00QL6aVNmWcap7XCXz79u0B9+vXv9ed+O/RFSRWP1SwuHS5vn79cE49WwgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAh8D4E2OxQobig83S1Yz2uXKYyszvnw4f2i0+/v7x/CxDXnLLqwgwgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAg0AgLFBmOr1Qr3pjsM67m21yyfP//5GA7W+pLly5e/Vp+z5LqOIUCAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQINAKCBRbjY3Wb28/PoZ7BVzba5a6K7HOq8fSMLJ9zXO/Zr2mjY4lQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBB4ngICxY37fbo7sQ34rq5erXqVN29+fwgT10zIkiZxadtwyQQxqxrvYAIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgZ9aQKC4cfdWcDcFiFPIV8j1leSly/R16TUTstRr1utUGDktAsVJwjMBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMBWAgLFrST/vU4Fe9PdgO3vGi4NB+vrytUp9ahAcMlSd0VO5yydxGXJdR1DgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBA4FhAoHgscsF2BYnHk7BMdw4WdM3e/NRS15jCwaUTspwzictT7bCfAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBIQKCaVM2v1dePjuwrbrx0f70sv007IMgWLa56XhJbpddUIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQILBEQKC5RWnBMfb35+O7EOm2apKWgl0yycn39+vEOxTVB4tLrL/hPcQgBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBkwICxZM063bU3Yk3N+/iSVWfwsHp9xXjgYfD43FLf3OxrnPOJC6nXl+dAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQE9AoNjTWbivvmZckKe+btxOtNLOwnx8+fa4JV+PrvPbCVmWnnP8urYJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQILBUQKC6V6hxXdyCeujtxOq2CxOkuxQoO09L+3mJ9hXrJYkKWJUqOIUCAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQ2EpAoHih5HR34lMBYDt786nwsf1qdN15uGRpJ3FZes6S6zqGAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBIQKCaVFbW6q7D3Neb2UtNvHabJW+q4aUKWel661G8tVicumfBl6TUdR4AAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQOCUgEDxlMyC+jSD81N3J06Xar/SfPx7h+1vIZ66g3G6Tvs8hZRrJnFpz7dOgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAYI2AQHGN1tGxFQpeXb06qp7ebEPD4/MqlKzOqMdx2HjqiudM4nLqWuoECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIElggIFJconTimQsH6bcQ1S/s7iTWhyrS0dy+emrRlOnZ6fmpClvaaa9s5vYZnAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAq2AQLHVWLHeTrIy3Vm49rn97cXptxDbDnmqOU9NyCJQfErQfgIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgbUCbX71Yjq5LU41zwQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEGizQ4Gi8UCAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQFdAoNjlsZMAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgVZAoNhqWCdAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAoCsgUOzy2EmAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQCsgUGw1rBMgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAg0BUQKHZ57CRAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAoBUQKLYa1gkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQ6AoIFLs8dhIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAg0AoIFFsN6wQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIdAUEil0eOwkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQaAUEiq2GdQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEugICxS6PnQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQItAICxVbDOgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECXQGBYpfHTgIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEWgGBYqthnQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBroBAsctjJwECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECrYBAsdWwToAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAV0Cg2OWxkwABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBVkCg2GpYJ0CAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECgKyBQ7PLYSYAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAKyBQbDWsEyBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECDQFRAodnnsJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECgFRAothrWCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBDoCggUuzx2EiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECDQCggUWw3rBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAh0BQSKXR47CRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBBoBQSKrYZ1AgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgS6AgLFLo+dBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAi0AgLFVsM6AQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJdAYFil8dOAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgRaAYFiq2GdAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIGugECxy2MnAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQKtgECx1bBOgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEBXQKDY5bGTAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIFWQKDYalgnQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKArIFDs8thJgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEArIFBsNawTIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQINAVECh2eewkQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQKAVECi2GtYJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEOgKCBS7PHYSIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQINAKCBRbDesECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECHQFBIpdHjsJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEGgFBIqthnUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBLoCAsUuj50ECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECLQCAsVWwzoBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAl0BgWKXx04CBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBFoBgWKrYZ0AAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAga6AQLHLYycBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAq2AQLHV2HD99vbjoXDrcXf3afWVp3Ovrl6tPtdrM18zaIw177Gl4+XSz5ZLzzdWjdX/aqwaa8baHsZatdFYNVb3MFb9+e/fJkvH6Y/+XDNWjdU1Y9Wx//w9ZHJ4Ma3UX04slwn4MPJhtGYE+QeBfxAsHS97/mzZc9u9R71Hn8N71Djf1zivManP9tVn/hz074Olf5Z4f/9y+BE31niPeo+ueY86VqBoDBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgsEKg/sfmtLhDcZLwTIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAFBAoRhZFAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSSgEAxqagRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIBAFBIqRRZEAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSQgUEwqagQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIRAGBYmRRJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEAgCQgUk4oaAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJRQKAYWRQJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEEgCAsWkokaAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBQQKEYWRQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEkoBAMamoESBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECAQBQSKkUWRAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEkIFBMKmoECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECEQBgWJkUSRAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAIAkIFJOKGgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECUUCgGFkUCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBBIAgLFpKJGgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEAUEChGFkUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBJKAQDGpqBEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgEAUEipFFkQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBJCBQTCpqBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAhEAYFiZFEkQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQCAJCBSTihoBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAlFAoBhZFAkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQSAICxaSiRoAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAFBAoRhZFAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSSgEAxqagRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIBAFBIqRRZEAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSQgUEwqagQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIRAGBYmRRJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEAgCQgUk4oaAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJRQKAYWRQJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEEgCAsWkokaAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBQQKEYWRQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEkoBAMamoESBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECAQBQSKkUWRAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEkIFBMKmoECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECEQBgWJkUSRAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAIAkIFJOKGgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECUUCgGFkUCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBBIAgLFpKJGgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEAUEChGFkUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBJKAQDGpqBEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgEAUEipFFkQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBJCBQTCpqBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAhEAYFiZFEkQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQCAJCBSTihoBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAlFAoBhZFAkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQSAICxaSiRoAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAFBAoRhZFAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSSgEAxqagRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIBAFBIqRRZEAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSQgUEwqagQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIRAGBYmRRJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEAgCQgUk4oaAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJRQKAYWRQJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEEgCAsWkokaAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBQQKEYWRQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEkoBAMamoESBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECAQBQSKkUWRAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEkIFBMKmoECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECEQBgWJkUSRAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAIAkIFJOKGgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECUUCgGFkUCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBBIAgLFpKJGgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEAUEChGFkUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBJKAQDGpqBEgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgEAUEipFFkQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBJCBQTCpqBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAhEAYFiZFEkQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQCAJCBSTihoBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAlFAoBhZFAkQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQSAICxaSiRoAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAFBAoRhZFAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSSgEAxqagRIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIBAFBIqRRZEAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSQgUEwqagQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIRAGBYmRRJECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEAgCQgUk4oaAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJRQKAYWRQJECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEEgCAsWkokaAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBQQKEYWRQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEkoBAMamcWXv79o9Dga59XF+/PvMVnUaAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEDgvxUQKG7oXcHg2jCxjv/w4f2GrXApAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAt9PQKC4ke39/f1jmHhz826jq7oMAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgbEEBIob9cfnz38+Boq3tx83uqrLECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBhLQKC4UX9UiFiY9fj69e+NruoyBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBMYSEChu1B/thCwbXTJepg0u7+4+xWMUCRAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECHwvAYHiRrIvX/72cHfi956xWaC4UYe5DAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAwFkCAsWz2OYntROymLF5bmOLAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEDg5xIQKG7Qn+2ELL6GvAGoSxAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECAwrIFDcoGvqrsSCXPuo3120ECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIENiTgEBxg95qJ2RZEyrWnY0WAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAnsSEChu0FvThCxv3vy+wdVcggABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMC4AgLFC/vm69e/H7/qbEKWCzGdToAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgMLyAQPHCLqpJWKavOfsK84WYTidAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBheQKB4YRe1E7J8+/btwqs5nQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMDYAgLFC/vn+vr1wx2K9TuKFgIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQI/u4BA8cIenr7uXDM9WwgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAj87AICxQt6uJ2Q5fb24wVXcioBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBfQgIFC/opwoRpzsU1z6f+xXp9jVrQhgLAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgf9SQKB4gfbNzbuzA8Xjr0jXhC5v3vw+u16661GgeEGHOZUAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQOBiAYHixYTbXODq6tWhDRmn4NBdiNv4ugoBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMA2AgLFbRwvukqFhtUR9ZuM03J/f/9Qq7sgLQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgRGERAojtITh8OhgsUPH94/POqOxeqc9q7FgZqqKQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAs9UQKA4QMfX3YjX168fAsT6HcUKFb98+UugOEDfaAIBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgMBcQKA49/ghW/V7iTXrc03MMi3TV57doTiJeCZAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBhBQKA4QC9UaFiBYru4Q7HVsE6AAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIDCKgEBxgJ6YZnT+/PnPh9bU5CzTV6DdoThAB2kCAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIDAo4BA8ZHix67UbM7VGfWoCVkqZKzfU6x1CwECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIFRBASKo/SEdhAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBDYgYBAcQedpIkECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIERhEQKI7SE9pBgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAYAcCAsUddJImEiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBhFQKA4Sk9oBwECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEdCAgUd9BJmkiAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEBgFAGB4ig9oR0ECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEdiAgUNxBJ2kiAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgVEEBIqj9IR2ECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIENiBgEBxB52kiQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgRGERAojtIT2kGAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEBgBwICxR10kiYSIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQGEVAoDhKT2gHAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgR0ICBR30EmaSIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQGAUAYHiKD2hHQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgR2ICBQ3EEnaSIBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBUQQEiqP0hHYQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQ2IGAQHEHnaSJBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBEYRECiO0hPaQYAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQGAHAgLFHXSSJhIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAYRUCgOEpPaAcBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBHQgIFHfQSZpIgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAYBQBgeIoPaEdBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBHYgIFDcQSdpIgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIFRBASKo/SEdhAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBDYgYBAcQedpIkECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIERhEQKI7SE9pBgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAYAcCAsUddJImEiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEBhFQKA4Sk9oBwECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEdCAgUd9BJmkiAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEBgFAGB4ig9oR0ECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEdiAgUNxBJ2kiAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgVEEBIqj9IR2ECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIENaYqOEAAAgoSURBVNiBgEBxB52kiQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgRGERAojtIT2kGAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEBgBwICxR10kiYSIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQGEVAoDhKT2gHAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgR0ICBR30EmaSIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQGAUAYHiKD2hHQQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgR2ICBQ3EEnaSIBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBUQQEiqP0hHYQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQ2IGAQHEHnaSJBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBEYRECh+p564vf14KNx63N19Wv0q07lXV69Wn+u1ma8ZNMaa99jS8fIjP1uqjcaqsbqHsfoj3yde+3n9+e9z8ZeDvycv/VQ8HHw+PK/PB/19Xn9zO8/tuf4dffkn8M97ZPX9tLyYVtriVPO8TsCHkQ+jNSPmuX4I++8WEHmfPC3gfeJ98vQo+ecIf/d4Xn/3qF73+eDzwedDX8Dn4vP6XLy0vy8932fy8/pM7n/6PI+9NeanRaA4SXgmQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQCAKCBQjiyIBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAklAoJhU1AgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQiAICxciiSIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAEhAoJhU1AgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSigEAxsigSIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIJAEBIpJRY0AAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSggUIwsigQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIJAGBYlJRI0CAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEAgCggUI4siAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJJQKCYVNQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEIgCAsXIokiAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBIQKCYVNQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEooBAMbIoEiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECCQBASKSUWNAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEoIFCMLIoECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECCQBgWJSUSNAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAIAoIFCOLIgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECSUCgmFTUCBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBCIAgLFyKJIgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEASECgmFTUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBKKAQDGyKBIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgkAQEiklFjQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBKCBQjCyKBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgkAYFiUlEjQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQCAKCBQjiyIBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAklAoJhU1AgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQiAICxciiSIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAEhAoJhU1AgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgSigEAxsigSIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIJAEBIpJRY0AAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSggUIwsigQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIJAGBYlJRI0CAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIEAgCggUI4siAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQJJQKCYVNQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIEIgCAsXIokiAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAQBIQKCYVNQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEooBAMbIoEiBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECCQBASKSUWNAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAIEoIFCMLIoECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECCQBgWJSUSNAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAIAoIFCOLIgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECSUCgmFTUCBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBCIAgLFyKJIgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEASECgmFTUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBKKAQDGyKBIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgkAQEiklFjQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBKCBQjCyKBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgkAYFiUlEjQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQCAKCBQjiyIBAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAklAoJhU1AgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQiAICxciiSIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAEvi/QLEKHgyMAWPAGDAGjAFjwBgwBowBY8AYMAaMAWPAGDAGjAFjoDcGKmx8kRJHNQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECCQBgWJSUSNAgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAIAoIFCOLIgECBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECSUCgmFTUCBAgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBCIAgLFyKJIgAABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgEASECgmFTUCBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBKKAQDGyKBIgQIAAAQIECBAgQIAAAQIECBAgkAQEiklFjQABAgQIECBAgAABAgQIECBAgACBKCBQjCyKBAgQIECAAAECBAgQIECAAAECBAgkgf8Bm33C2BBXe0MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="679" height="174"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for the reaction of Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>(aq) with hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the volume, in dm<sup>3</sup>, of 0.015 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> calcium hydroxide solution needed to neutralize 35.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.025 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> HCl (aq).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Saturated calcium hydroxide solution is used to test for carbon dioxide. Calculate the pH of a 2.33 × 10<sup>−2 </sup>mol dm<sup>−3</sup> solution of calcium hydroxide, a strong base.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the mass, in g, of CaCO<sub>3 </sub>(s) produced by reacting 2.41 dm<sup>3</sup> of 2.33 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> (aq) with 0.750 dm<sup>3</sup> of CO<sub>2</sub> (g) at STP.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>2.85 g of CaCO<sub>3</sub> was collected in the experiment in d(i). Calculate the percentage yield of CaCO<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p>(If you did not obtain an answer to d(i), use 4.00 g, but this is not the correct value.)</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how <strong>one</strong> calcium compound in the lime cycle can reduce a problem caused by acid deposition.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol and methanoic acid are important industrial products.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is used as a fuel.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the change in enthalpy, Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ, when 56.00 g of ethanol is burned. Use section 13 in the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation and name the organic product when ethanol reacts with methanoic acid.</p>
<p><img 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" width="667" height="189"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the titration curve of methanoic acid with sodium hydroxide, showing how you would determine methanoic acid p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify an indicator that could be used for the titration in 5(d)(i), using section 22 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the concentration of methanoic acid in a solution of pH = 4.12. Use section 21 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify if aqueous solutions of the following salts are acidic, basic, or neutral.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper forms two chlorides, copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two electrolysis cells were assembled using graphite electrodes and connected in series as shown.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper(I) chloride undergoes a disproportionation reaction, producing copper(II) chloride and copper.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2Cu<sup>+</sup> (aq) → Cu (s) + Cu<sup>2+</sup> (aq)</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Dilute copper(II) chloride solution is light blue, while copper(I) chloride solution is colourless.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the electron configuration of the Cu<sup>+</sup> ion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper(II) chloride is used as a catalyst in the production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">4HCl (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction, using section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The diagram shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution and potential energy profile for the reaction without a catalyst.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Annotate both charts to show the activation energy for the catalysed reaction, using the label <em>E</em><sub>a (cat)</sub>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" 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zmewFMJGBgBAABULMZXgGeVJfDEFLvAU3SVu5UrV6pGjRr2HqDsPJ3jmWoHAAAAAPCZ6dOnM8UuwJjXwawqaF6X2bNn271AxSDjqQRckQMAAKhYjK8AzypDxtP69evVunVr9ezZU2+88QaZNQHk8OHD6tSpkxV8yszMVGRkpL0HKBsyngAAAAAAfmMCG0888YS1PXHiRIJOAca8Hs8//7y1beo9ARWFwBMAAAAAwOs++OADLVy4UGPHjiWbJkCZwuLx8fFKTEzU6tWr7V7gzDDVrgSkggMAAFQsxleAZ6E81c4UFK9bt65VvHrx4sXWMv4ITBQax+liqh0AAAAAwC9MQXHjoYceIugU4Eyh8alTp1q1nkyWGnCmyHgqAVfkAAAAKhbjK8CzUM14ysrKUtOmTa2C4gsWLLB7EchMhlr37t2tbTLUUFZkPAEAAAAAfC4hIcFq3YXFEfhMoMlkp5msp9dff93uBU4PGU8l4IocAABAxWJ8BXgWihlPpkB1hw4drILVZiU7BA+zCmGnTp2s4NPevXvJekKpyHgCAAAAAPiMCVyMHDnS2h4+fLjVIniYouIm68kg6wlngsATAAAAAKDCmcLUJlvGFKo2BasRfHr37m3V5ho2bJi12h1wOgg8AQAAAAAqlMl2Gj9+vLV9xx13WC2Ck5kmaUyZMsVqgfIi8AQAAAAAqFDubKe5c+dSGyjItW/f3sp6SkxMtFYoBMqLwBMAAAAAoMKYpfhNtlPbtm3Vp08fuxfBzJ31NGvWLKsFyoPAEwAAAACgwphC1CbbyRSmNgWqEfzIesKZIPAEAAAAAKgQJtvJFKI22U433HCD3YtQ4M56Sk1NtVqgrAg8AQAAAAAqhHvZfbKdQo8768kEFk2AESgrAk8AAAAAgDNGtlPou++++6zWHWAEyoLAEwAAAADgjJHtFPo6duxoBRbJekJ5hLkK2NunCAsLUwm7vcqVu11p732oz3YeUnjDKHXpdrUia51l7/UNfz5/AACAUMT4CvDM/H0Ywfg3cvjwYXXq1MnaXrlyJYGnEJaSkqLY2FjNnTtXcXFxdi/g+Rzv58CTS3m7N+jdN9/Q65821zPz+iuySkHvgc/0//7aR/Ef7rQfV6DJYM3+v0TdddkfVPjv2PsYGAEAAFQsxleAZ8EceHIHI5KTk9W7d2+7F6HIBBlr1qxpZT4RZERRns7xfp1q59q3WhNvvUV/GT5R81d9ox8Pm1/wF32zcJqeNEGnJnfomblvau4zd6jJ1pkaMTJJXxxioAIAAAAAgcIEIsaPH29tU9sp9JlA09SpU7V27VqtWrXK7gU882Pg6Rd98+4MPfvRPjW5NVGLFg1U698VdOd/oxWvLlOumumu8c9qdNytihv9L82f0kf6MEXvfvFT4ZcDAAAAAPzugw8+sIIQJhhB9kvlcMcdd1jtiy++aLVASfwXeHI5tfa9NOU6Bum5KferR8uGCq8WJte3a/VOqlOq3U29O0QUTqsLq6XLu3XXNcrUx5t/UL71DQAAAAAA/paUlGS17mAEQl+dOnU0duxYLVy4UKtXr7Z7geL5L/B0bK92pu+Qrr1KLetXszvz9MO6/2qZ2bw2Spcd7y/4Rc+ppQvk1Lacnwk8AQAAAEAAMEEHE3ww2U4mGIHK469//avVmtcfKIlfazxZfneWqh2vFr5XX3z8iXLlUMwtbXVRkSri+Qf36wd7GwAAAADgf4mJiVbbq1cvq0XlERkZqZ49e1rvgV27dtm9wKn8F3iqWlcN21wsfZShr346ZnW5ctZr8X82FGxdqZuiGhT55Q7p67Rl+q+aqWszh37LgwIAAAAA+ENWVpaV7RIfH68GDRrYvahMzGtvLFiwwGqB4vgv8BTmUNubOih85zw98+xb+njtCr018QXNchbsu6abOv3p99bDXEf+p82LJmrIiNeVW7uzYq6sb/UDAAAAQHnkZ81Rt7Awa8nvst4unZShPPvrcaJZs2ZZLbWdKq8rr7xSbdu2tep8mdUNgeL4card73RJz6F6/Hrpowl/V6d2nXX7hMXKDb9Bjz/bR1ecbebZ7dFHj9+oy255Uh/lttadk4fqxoizCr8cAAAAAMosX7m7vtaX9r2yiVLslRcx46IYOTk51hQrM9WqVatWdi8qG7OKYVxcnLWq4apVq+xe4ER+rfEUdu6f9c+Uj7R87jiNuPNO3TNqiv4v7RU9cu0FhavZqaYuuKShGnf+hyYv/o+m9m2u6lY/AAAAAJTHr/phx9cyEywcCcv0k8slV6m3dE3oUq/wy3GC119/3Wrvu+8+q0Xl5c54e/HFF60WOFlYwT9Ul719CpNaWsJuH3Ap78ivUvXf+eUqg/+fPwAAQGhhfAX/2amU/p0Vm3RIMbOX64MBzfx7Fb4Y5u/DCPS/ETOlqlOnTtb2ypUrrawXVG4JCQlWBlxmZqZVdByVk6dzfKD9rz1JmKr5KegEAAAAIIQc2KrPPtxWsNFU17csupARystMqTJTq8wUK4JOMMyUSyM1NdVqgaIC4/9tXo6ylr+mSaMGq0ebCIWFddakjNyCHS4dypirMVPf06Z9RwsfCwAAAADllP/DDq038+zUVI0iKOBxJtxTqigqDrf27dtbRcaHDRtGkXGcws+BJ5fynCs0qW8XNb2ur+InztJ7GdbZwParftz8ocYN76GrYidomfMXux8AAAAAyipPP25cIysXI6adWpzPnIrTlZWVpYULF1rL6NepU8fuBWRlwBkUGcfJ/Bt4OvKlZg25S/Fv5Sh6xMtanL5J6bP72juNaqrfYYBevKeD9NGj6vPPt7XtKDUBAAAAAJTHEWVvz7S2HK0u1gXMszttb7/9ttWS7YST9erVy2rnz59vtYCbH//lHlX2+9M1+p1juj5xvhY+P1jdoiIVUev39n6jqsIv6aJ7p87Wi7c30b433tB7m3+29wEAAABAGeTv0oYPCwNPzonX6Q9hYVYR3JJuEaOW64D1FXDLycnRmDFjrHo+rVq1snuBQg0aNNCgQYM0a9Ys7dq1y+4F/Bl4cjn16aKl2ue4Tf8c0EbnFi7gULyzmqj3vXeoob7Q8i9+EDlPAAAAAMosN1uZXxYt6VGaKPXrdoXOte+h0IoVK6zWPaUKOFmfPn2sdvny5VYLGP4LPB3bre2rtkrXRql57ap2pydh+v2lV6izdmrjjz/pmN0LAAAAAKXJ2/q5kk3cyfGwlv10zFruu+RbuiZ0qVf4xTguKSnJaqOjo60WOFnHjh2tdtq0aVYLGEEzu9l15Gf9ZG8DAAAAQNnkafe3X2ub2bz8UjUIp8DT6Vi/fr1VVHzs2LEUFYdHNWrUsN4ja9eutd4zgOG//7pV66tRxybSxxnavK+0HKajcq77RB+rmbo2c4g1KAAAAACUzX599Vm6tdX4+pZqRNzptKSlpVntjTfeaLWAJ+73yPvvv2+1gP/+7YZdoDbdOyrcOV8vvrZeuR4LN7mUl71EiWPmaV/4Nep8BSmvAAAAAMoof492rM8u2IhS7JUXlf8idr5TGSmT1D+iSPHxzqM0N8OpfPshoe7w4cMaNmwYRcVRJuY90rZtW6sQvXnvAH6M95+thjfcrcevP6Z3hg/UoP+3SBt2HlCevddkOeU6M/VJ8nj1jb5dL2yprc4P36WYhmfb+wEAAACgFD9u1spUU+CpkZo2CC/sK7MjynplhNoM/Uqdlv9k1X86lp2m5y58X3fePFUrDlSO0NOqVaustnfv3lYLlMZdgP7zzz+3WlRufk00DTu3ne6fO1uPdc7RW/G3qNWFdXVh7IyCPSsU36aOzolopmv+OlpvbT1HbYc8q6nDr1btkla/AwAAAIDj8nXgq3R9aDYdl+riC8p7Ebu6Igf8R67s2RrQrHCNuyqOKN3U6U+SM0f7f64cgaf58+dbbY8ePawWKE2vXr2sduXKlVaLys3PM5zDVM1xvZ54Z4U+fiNRI26J0onXIJooOu4xzV62QqlT79Bl4aWtfgcAAAAAbr/qhx1fy+Q7yfmsrvtD1d+my5V4+5vmZB2xvoOR78zQwpQUpaS8rTmjeqrpwMJATGWwa9cuzZo1S/Hx8RQVR5k1aNDAmpppptvl5OTYvaisAqK0Xlh4I3W87UG9sHCt9h3co+zs7ILbj9p3eIs+mvukBnSJVK1qpDoBAAAAKI9c7crcbm+XQ+N2atmoesHGr3Iuf1LXRdysFz7bW3C/imp1m6j02X2sh1UGy5cvt1oTRADKwz01Mz29sLg/Kq8wl5mo7IGJ9pewO+RV9ucPAABQ0RhfIajkb9GcG7rokVavasuELiqcbLdHy0d113UT2yg5e5p6OypuzW3z92EE0t9Iu3btrNZMmTJL5QNlZbLlGjZsqEGDBmnmzJl2L0KZp3N8QGQ8AQAAAEDAqVJPF7eKkHPNKqU7fy3oOKCslOf09MSMwv0hbv369Vq7dq1VKJqgE8rLPd3OTNVkul3l5qOMp0PaPO9RTVi6x75/uuqp66in1a95Tfu+d3FFDgAAoGIxvkKwyXeu1uSHhuiBpI0F9xyKTnhS/6ifpuHxm9Rv2WJN6FKv8IEVINAynsaNG2fV6Fm3bp21RD5QXklJSerfv7+WLFmimJgYuxehytM53keBp1xlTLpZbeJX2PdPV7QS0xfpwajyLoN6ehgYAQAAVCzGV4BngRR4Onz4sGrWrGllrCxYsMDuBcqH6XaVi58DT3na/80mbcvJs++frmqq0/gyXVKr4uZRl4SBEQAAQMVifAV4FkiBp9WrV6tDhw6aO3euNdUOOF29evXSwoULtXfvXlZGDHF+DjwFJwZGAAAAFYvxFeBZIAWeEhISlJiYqJ07d1q1eoDTxXS7ysPTOZ7i4gAAAACA40whaBN0MtPsCDrhTHXp0sVq58+fb7WofPyY8XQ60++YagcAABDMGF8BngVKxlNqaqq6detGhgoqjHu63aFDh1ghMYR5Osf7MfB0OgXHKS4OAAAQzBhfAZ4FSuBp8ODB1hL41ORBRXFPt0tLS1P79u3tXoSaAAw8HdLmeY9qwtI99v2T5evwd59p/oqtBdsORd3UWZfVvUBdRz2tfs1rFj7EyxgYAQAAVCzGV4BngRB4MtPs6tatyypkqFBZWVlq2rSpxo4dq9GjR9u9CDUBGHgqi3wdcX6uhZMf06NfRWv69BHq4vidvc/7GBgBAABULMZXgGeBEHhimh28pV27dlq7di3T7UKYp3N8gBcXr6Lqjja69bEndffu8erZ/2VtOMRABQAAAAC8wV0Auk2bNlYLVJS4uDirzczMtFpUHgGe8eR2RFlz4tR0YJZGLF6iF7qdb/d7F1fkEGx27dplXUEwNm7caLUna9SokWrWrGndWKUEAOBrjK8Az/yd8cQ0O3jT+vXr1bp1a02dOlVDhw61exFKPJ3jgyTwlCdnylBFxM5Q48R0bXkwSr5Y146BEQKZmSdtgktbtmzRN998YxWAPB1mmdzIyEhdddVVVlDKzL0m9RUA4C2MrwDP/B14YpodvOnw4cPWxe+2bdtqzZo1di9CSZAHnvbr07F/0dWPpKv15DStHd5SVe093sTACIHEXIFKT0/X0qVLlZiYaPcWMv+8o6OjdeGFFyoiIsLqa9GihdWebMeOHcrNzbVuJnBlAlhmadOizFWuPn36qHnz5mRFAQAqFOMrwDN/B55YzQ7eNm7cOI0ZM0Y7d+7kc0YICt7Ak+uQnGkzNOTGB/RObpQSli3WhC717J3excAI/uYONpm59kUzmkxgqGPHjrriiiusYNOZDgzM1Qfzz98Eoj799NMTAlvuIJSZ588ABABwphhfAZ75M/DENDv4gjurbu7cucdrPiF0BGDg6ZA2z3tUE5buse8XJ097N32k9zKc1r3w66cobcFQtaxZ+A/Z2xgYwV9MFtLbb79tXQ1wM0uPdurUSVdeeaXXp8KZQNTnn3+ulStXnvA7mPnYJu3aTM0DAOB0ML4CPPNn4IlpdvAFApyhLQADT7nKmHSz2sSvsO+XxKGoW4fqkaf+oZ6Rf5Bvwk4MjOB7q1evtrKN3FPf3NlGJrvJX3WXTBBq1apVevHFF4//XvHx8dbvRgAKAFBejK8Az/wZeGKaHXyF91roCsDAU572f7NJ23Ly7PuenKVzzm+oC/9YW9V9FXGyMTCCr5wccDLZTX/9618DLrBjMrHMScI9FY8AFACgvBhfAZ75K/BEFgp8KSkpSf3791daWprat29v9yIUBGDg6SR5v+iIzlb1akWiS7nb9OnGY7q01aWqV72K3ek7DIzgbSaQY4I47vpNZirbHXfcEfCR/5MDUCZQNmTIEK5YAABKxfgK8MxfgSem2cGXzGcJs5K2+QwxevRouxehwNM53vfRnJO4jnyntDkPqUez2/RK1mG7t1Be5v+p79VNdcm192jykq+VyxgFIcJcVTIrOph/uCaAYzKHTKrp0KFDgyJ4YzKcJk6cqMzMTOvKmKkD1b17d6WkpNiPAAAAQLAwC9kYZjEZwNvMZwmzKveCBQvsHoQ6/waejm7Vf+7rpY4DJ+i9bTv1zQ+H7B1Gvo5Uq6frOzdR7tpZur/7bYr/v29U2sQ8INCZK0omSGOCNSZoY4I3JogTjNlC5qRh0rHN1TEjNjbWmrO9a9cu6z4AAAACm6nnaS6EmnEp2evwlV69emnt2rV8bqgk/Bh4OqrsRc/r3n+vU3j0P5X0SbIevbauvc+oovCWd+qlZev03cfTFNckU9MHJeqd7KP2fiC4mCynhIQEK43ZSE5OtoI2oVAfyaRkmxXwTLqsGbg0bNiQ7CcA8Llf9NP+IyJBHEB5mJWMjRtuuMFqAV8wq3Uba9assVqENj8Gnnbr89SPtC/8Dk2e8ZT6XXWRwovWd3IL+70adhyop5/+u2rv+0ipn++2dwDBw53lZGoimWl1ixcvVu/eve29ocGsumfmaK9bt85KnTXZTybQZq6iAQB84X9aNuJaXTdkrOa8+5m27+diHYDSmYuHRrt27awW8IU//elPVvvBBx9YLUKb/wJPeU5tWbpFuq67OjepaXd6Ul0Nr+msGG3R0i1OptshaJigi6nl5M5yMlPSgnVaXVm1atXKGsCYAJsJtJmrGaaAIADAF3L00YxHNPDmq9S4YXv9bdQUvbX8CzmP5Nv7AeBEpvxDz5491aBBA7sH8D7zeci878xsCS5Uhz6/FxdX9bNVzd4EQomZr3z77bcfr+Vkpp5VllVCTPaTCbCZ6YRm7rYpom6yvgAA3vRH3fj/3tcni2brmXti1Dh3reZPHKHbrmupiBY3aMjYOXr3023an8dkPACF1q9fb7WhlomP4OB+35matwht/gs8Va2vRh2bSB9naPO+Y3anJ8e0b3OGPlYTdWxUX1XtXiBQrV692vpHunDhQk2dOlVTpkyplFeRzDEwJxIz9c5kfU2bNo0rGgDgNVVUvV6kruoxQGOmv6f1363Xsjdf0P03NZO2pWrGIwN189WXquFVt2vUlP/o483/0xFiUECllpaWZrVXXHGF1QK+5H7fffHFF1aL0BXmKmBvnyIsLEwl7D5DR5WdMkItYt/UpaNe18JnuslRXI0nuZTnXKqn/z5QT629Xm9uekm3Xni2vc+7vPv8EaqSkpLUv39/a9uczNu3b29tV2Ym++vJJ588vmKKCcSZrCgAgA+4jmjP1vX6NO1DzZ/+kpLWOu0d4Wrc+e+6q+8t6t61g1peeK5PstAZXwGemb8Pw1d/I+66ThR4hj+YC9I1a9a0ptwtWLDA7kUw83SO92PgqcChzzWlVy+N+HCfmvQZqYfirldU5EU675yzCnYe1cH/fausjA+VNP55zd9aW9cnztfb//yzzi0uPuUFDIxQHuYf5+zZszVs2DArw8dMrWOu/G/M8Xn88cetuk8m+GS2OT4A4GN5e7V58b814YnnlJThDkAZTdR5yD0aOqSfbml5nlcDUIyvAM98GXgyFwbNSsQmO3/o0KF2L+BbgwcPti5O7927N6Tr4FYWgRl4srKZlmvikKEa884Wu684zXTL2GmantDFQ1aUdzAwQlmZoMrw4cOPZ/RMmDCBf5wemOl2BOcAwJfydcS5Uf/9eIWWJL+qF+evVa69Jzyqj+66Rvrvv+crw+psqVunzNBLQ/+s2l4acjG+AjzzZeDJnaVPhj78yXweMKth8z4MDQEaeCrkOuLUl//9WCtSP1LaZ8s1f8XWgl6Hom66SddFX6vrYrrq2ssdqu67mJOFgRHK4uSgE9PISkfwCQC8LV9H9nyt9Z+madm7b+nfM1K1zd6jxjG6566/q3ePzrrmsgYKrybl5e7U+vemK2HQs/oot4Me/XiBnupY1/6CisX4CvDMl4End6bJoUOHGLvCb8zq12YhIjLvQkNAB54CFQMjlMakKJsC2mblNv5Zlo8pwN6hQweCTwBQYVzKy92lTWv+q5WLXteUF975LdgU3lZ97uun23p107WtL1W96sWtL5OrDVNuU6sRK9V6cprWDm/plQVdGF8Bnvkq8JSTk6O6detaF01nzpxp9wL+Yd731HkKDZ7O8f5b1Q4IcgSdzoxJpTUpteb4meNojicA4Ezs0jv/6KxW192mEVbQqYk63zNWc5es13fO/+o/E4ap99WRHoJORnWdZ10EOEu/P5s1hIFQ9tVXX1ltnz59rBbwp/j4eGs1cBMQRWgKjMBTXo6ylr+mSaMGq0ebCIWFddYkq9CAS4cy5mrM1Pe0ad/RwscCAYCgU8Ug+AQAFa2GovokaPKbK7Rp9xdaNn204mJaqqGZT1eqY8qrf73eXJSiaT0beSXbCUBgWLlypdU2b97cagF/uuqqq6zWHRBF6AmA4uIr9cLI+xX/1ga7z4hWYvoiPRh1lr6ZN1CN4l5TeOenteC1eF3n+J39GO8jFRzFIehU8Zh2BwAV4Rft33NU4fXCvboq3ZlifAV4Zv4+DG//jbRr104RERFMbUJAoM5T6AjMqXZHvtSsIXcp/q0cRY94WYvTNyl9dl97p1FN9TsM0Iv3dJA+elR9/vm2th1loAL/IejkHWQ+AUBF+J1qBXjQCYD/mQ/5ZszVtWtXuwfwr8jISKtdunSp1SL0+DHj6aiyU0aoRey7apM4X2//8886NyxPzpShiojNtDOewu2HZmle/x6KeyNSk9e/qeEt7X4v44ocijKr13Xq1ImgkxcVXe3OpICzwgoAlMchOTdvUfbhso9dqp1TX+edU101atdTLY+1nyoW4yvAM19kPCUlJal///5at26dWrVqZfcC/pWQkKDExETt3btXderUsXsRbAIv48nl1KeLlmqf4zb9c0AbnVv4P7Z4ZzVR73vvUEN9oeVf/CCGKvA1E3QaPnw4QScvM8fVHF9znM3xNscdAFBWe/XJhL+pTZs2Zb61anqRIiLOV+0azdTl3ue1aNNe5dnfDUBoWrVqldWaqU1AoKDOU2jzX+Dp2G5tX7VVujZKzWuXVr4yTL+/9Ap11k5t/PEnHbN7AV9wB51mzZpF0MkHzPEdO3asdbzNcQcAlNVZqhXZRX1vitIJueHhUbrp7zfJnUjuFh51k/r2dfdv1UfTH9AtVw3UC+k5XOQDQpRZNcyMscwqYmSWI5C0aNHCak0mHkJPYKxqVwauIz/rJ3sb8KXnn3/eOkEPGjSIoJOPjBw50jre5rib6XcAgLK4QJ1HDFXn+vnKDb9eI2Yt1absgzp6MF3vvvqu0g/mF2x/p/WL/6V72jqUe6CBYh590+7/VmvffFidtVDxw/+tzw8RegJCkTubhPpOCDTuOk8bNhRddAyhwn+Bp6r11ahjE+njDG3eV1oO01E5132ij9VMXZs5KJoJnzFBjzFjxlhBkClTpti98DZzBc4c7549e1o1n8xKdwCA0vykz6eP0sBX/qBRb8/WpIHXqbmjaLHxMFULb6iW3e7VtLenaYhe032j/k/b803/hWpz60N6fmxP6ZNkLczYZ38NgFBiamgazZs3t1ogkLgvPFNuI/T4L/AUdoHadO+ocOd8vfjaeuV6vLDmUl72EiWOmad94deo8xX17H7Au1JTU48XujZBENKRfcscbxP4M8c/NjZW69evt/cAAIp1aLMWz01T+O1DdF9MwxIu1IWp2oUxGjK0k3IXLNHqb3+x+89Vi67d1UE79NnW/ynf7gUQOhYsWGCNrRo0aGD3AIGjY8eOVpuZmWm1CB1+nGp3threcLcev/6Y3hk+UIP+3yJt2HmgSEHLo8p1ZuqT5PHqG327XthSW50fvksxDc+29wPeY4Ic3bp1s07MJtuGoJN/mEHRyy+/bG3ffffd2rVrl7UNACjGT05lbczV+VdeqoiSFm2xVNd51gfP7/VjztHCrgJVa5+nRnJqW87PBJ6AEGPGUWYBl7i4OLsHCCxXXHGF1X7xxRdWi9Dh1xpPYee20/1zZ+uxzjl6K/4Wtbqwri6MnVGwZ4Xi29TRORHNdM1fR+utreeo7ZBnNXX41apd6kAKODPmpGyCHIYJenBFyL/MMr/JycnWQMnU2CL1FgA8+N3vVbu2lLPNqZxSSzQd0f+sYP4fFF7jt+EgNTWB0LVmzRqrbd26tdUCgca90uLGjRutFqHDr4EnK9Xbcb2eeGeFPn4jUSNuOWkVFjVRdNxjmr1shVKn3qHLwktb/Q44MyaoYYIbJsixZMkSK+gB/+vdu7e10t3ChQv1+OOP270AgBPUjtTV3Rtr36vTNevTPSWsTOdS3nepmj5tpdTiz2p1sTur94i+SVuuZWqpHpc3oKYmEGI+/fRTq73yyiutFgg0ZpaJqfGamJho9yBU+DnwVCgsvJE63vagXli4VvsO7lF2dnbB7UftO7xFH819UgO6RKpWNVKd4H0mqGGCG1OnTlVMTIzdi0DgXunOnIgoNg4AxQi7UDH33qm2ue9pTMwdGjl7mTY7c4uUMcjXkX07tGHJSxr616GavrWJ7nrkr4qqGSbX/m1KS35eo59+W7m1r9G1l9exvwZAKDAXV80YyoylKCGBQOZecTErK8tqERoCIvD0G7OqSl05HI6C23mqVT3Afj2EtKSkpOMn5IEDB9q9CBRmkGQCg+5i45yMAOBkVVW7wzC98ma8ovWhJg/qqssiztFZYWEKs25VVaPOJWrV/R+asfYCxU2ZorGxl+osHdO+z17SLVZ5gya6c/JQ3Rhxlv09AYQCd7Fmd/FmIFBFRkZa7Y4dO6wWoYHIDlDAFBPv37+/FdSYMGECV4ICVNFi43379qXeEwCcLOwPan7rWP1fxnLNfeYedW58YhEDhbdVn4Qp+r/1izV7WAc5rIzyPP30cw31HDFOc5fP19S+zVW98NEAQoS7WLO7eDMQqJo3b2616enpVovQEOYqYG+fwlwdK2F3ORzS5nmPasLSPfb901VPXUc9rX7Na9r3vavinj8CWU5Ojrp3727VdVq3bh11nYKAyU4zgcL4+HhNnDjR7gWAyu6ANsybo0/rdNQNnVrqwvBqUl6u9uw+qMJ166qqRu16fs8oZ3wFeGb+PoyK/hsZPHiwZs2axd8egoL5OzC1nhYsWGD3IFh4Osf7KPCUq4xJN6tN/Ar7/umKVmL6Ij0YddLVOy9hYFQ5uE/EZuU0U8QawYHXDQBOcugTjf1zjB7ZGKOXNiVpSPPf2zsCC+MrwDPz92FU5N+Iuchat25dLtghaCQkJFglUPbu3as6dag5GEz8HHjK0/5vNmlbzm/lLU9PNdVpfJkuqeWbdVYYGIU+MmeCV9FMNVO3wD0fHAAqLWeK+kfEKqlxotK3PKioAF2WjvEV4Jk3Ak+rV69Whw4duFiHoGEWEjI1XZmNEnz8HHgKTgyMQpup69S6dWurrtPKlSup6xSE3AMpk4r7xhtv8BoCqNx+Xa8pnbtoxBc9lbThJfVrFJiVmhhfAZ55I/A0bdo0DRs2TDt37rTqZQKBzv05jWBp8PF0jqe4OColU5T67rvvtrZfffVVAhZBqn379po6daoWLlyo559/3u4FgErq7Ba6ffxo3XL+Qj09epoWb3IqN48AD1DZLV261LrQStAJweLCCy+02k8//dRqEfwCI+MpL0dZH3+gd5as0Ipl7+m9DGdBZxNF9+midu2u0rWdr9d1V/5R1QsvAPgMV+RCl3ve8Ny5cxUXF2f3IhiZIOLtt99uBZ/S0tKsYBQAVE4HlLV8qT79JFnPPPK6tpqu8Cjd1Osy1fV4qdG3C7cYjK8Azyo648ld32ns2LEaPXq03QsEvl69elnje84XwcXTOd7PgSeX8pwr9cLI+xX/1ga7rzjNdMvYaZqe0MVe9tc3GBiFptTUVHXr1k2DBg3SzJkz7V4Es6ysLDVt2tS6mrd48WKKEAKopHYqpX9nxSZts++XhW8XbjEYXwGeVXTgyV2WYMmSJYqJibF7gcA3btw4jRkzhimiQSYwA09HvtD0W3vq3nf2qPFN9yl+SA9dFXmRzjvnLLNT+77bri3rUjVn0ot6b1s93fLSQr015Ar5qmIBA6PQs2vXLjVs2NAKUJiidfwTCx3uIoQUigdQeR2Sc/MWZR8uz9jFtwu3GIyvAM8qOvBEfScEK/fYnhkNwSUAA09HlZ0yQi1i56nePTP07qRbFRle1d5X1DHlZr2lB3vcoxl7+il542T1jjCBKe9jYBR63Evwc9UnNPH6AkDgY3wFeFbRgSczXSk7O1tr1qyxe4Dg4J7RQGmU4OLpHO+/4uIupz5dtFT7avfT+Mf6eAg6GVUVHtlHj43vp9r7PlLq57vtfqB8TNTcBCVMRgxBidD0+OOPW+0jjzxi1TQAAOTryP7/yen8n/Yfybf7AFQGZixkauSY4BMQbMwsFWPjxo1Wi+Dmv8DTsd3avmqrFNNJbR2lZTCdJUfbTorRFi3d4lSe3QuUlZliZ1I1zRS7hx56yO5FqDEp5GbZ1bVr12r8+PF2LwBUNi7l7V6vBVMfVv/OzVSj9vmKiLhVszYdKtiXrwPLn9YN98/Q8m8OFDwSQKj66quvrLZNmzZWCwQTs+p4z549rQWhEPz8F3gCfOjJJ5+02meeeYbC0yGud+/eVuF4c5IyheQBoHI5ptxNSRrcvqP+Mny8klZYa9sV8at+2PGlFk8eouu6Pah/b/qJ4BMQotatW2e1zZs3t1og2LRr185qTRIBgpv/Ak9V66tRxyZS6kqtdR61Oz05KufalUpVE3VsVF+eJuUBxWGKXeXDlDsAlZNLed8tVPxfhuoV59UaMWupNmXn6Lvke+z9xu/UqPdTWvRMrBpvnakRY5K19SihJyAULV261Mr2p6g4glWzZs2s9ttvv7VaBC//BZ7CHLrq5q6qvW+exkxcqG25x+wdJzum3G0LNXHMPO2r3VU3X+VQYck9oHRMsaucmHIHoHLK0Sezntf0rZfr/jdmadLA69TccY5OXK8uTNVqNVOP0VP0r5FXK3fhPM3P+MneByBUUN8JoaBFixZWu23bNqtF8PLjVLuzFHHjEI27pZ62TL5L3W4brRnvrtKGrO/kdDoLbt8pa8MqvTtjtG7rdpcmb6mnW8YN0Y0+WtEOoYEpdpVX0Sl3q1evtnsBIIT9slUfz0uTYgbp3hsvPCngdJIwh6L/3lstlamPN/8gyo4DoYX6TggFFBgPHf6t8VT9cg2aPktjb2mgbe9N1JCbr1WrphcpIiKi4HaRmra6VjcPmaj3tjXWrYn/1vRBl6u6/aVAaUx9H6bYVW7mtTdGjhypw4cPW9sAELJyspW1Q2p8fUs1KnWEF6bfRTRSSzm1LednAk9AiKG+E0IBBcZDh38DTybd23GdRid/rE1LkpSYcI/6RDex9zVRdJ97lJCYpCWbPtSrD0bLUY1Jdigbk15s6vsYTLGrvCIjIzV37lxryt3zzz9v9wJAaDv2y1F5KmBQlOvIz2KSHRCaqO+EUEGB8dDg58CTrVp9NY/ppwcnTNd/PsqSy+UquGXpo/9M14QH+ymmef2S08WBk5i6PibYYOr8MMWucuvTp491pWTMmDHKysqyewEgBJ3XWFGtw7Vj5QZtK7Vg+FE5132ij9VMXZs5GGcBIYT6Tggl7gLje/bssVoEp8AIPAEVaP369VY6pqnvY+r8oHIzKbpPPPGEtZ2QkMCUOwChq+rFan9HB+nDmZq6aIfy7O5TmdXvFunph8zCLZ0Vc2V9ux9AKKC+E0KJu8D49u3brRbByf+BJ9cR7dm6XquWLLSWvS/59r4ynL/aXwicygQV3EEGd30foFWrVho7dqx19e+DDz6wewEg1PxBV8aN0MhmmZreP05DX/pQm50HiwSgjirXmalPkserb9f+mr61tq5/YpC6s3ALEFLc9Z0uvvhiqwWCmbvA+Keffmq1CE5hLjOvzYOwsDBr2pvXHMlU8sPDdOcLHyrX7ipZtBLTF+nBqHD7vnd5/fmjwiUlJal///6aOnWqhg4davcChWnn3bt3t6Zg7t27lymYAELUMeVuelPxd8Vr+lqn3Vechur82Gy99mhXn9fQZHwFeGb+Powz+RsZPHiwtcAOf2cIFe46T2vWrLFaBC5P53g/Bp4OKWvOYEUNfF25cijqlt66scPFOrfEsU+4Lo+9U90u8c3adgyMgospOGci4qaQ4sqVK60pVkBRZqXDbt26WdlwEydOtHsBINS4lLd/qz5+523955VXNOOjrXa/0USd77lTd956q3pHN1a4H9ZtYXwFeHamgSeT/V+zZk3GOggpplyGKaVy6NAhPuMFuMALPOVv0ZwbumhgajVdnzhfb//zz6UEnXyPgVFwcf9DWrJkiWJiYuxe4ETuq4BpaWlq37693QsAocqlvNwc7T5oShWcrXPq11G4n1cJZnwFeHamgSdT67R169bWAjvUOkWoMGV3YmNjlZmZaa1ajcDl6RzvvxpP+T8rZ5tJAb9W/WJbBVzQCcFl9erVxwuKE3RCSdy1v0aOHEmhcQCVQJiqhdeVw+EouNX1e9AJgHd98cUXVusuyAyEgvPPP99qN27caLUIPv4LPFX5veo0dhRsnK2zq7G4Hk6fCR6YoJNBQXGUxlwlMTXATK2n+fPn270AEEqOav83G1i4BaiE3B/M3QWZgVBw0UUXWW12drbVIvj4scbTL9o+b5Baxm3SoMXv67luFyjQrsGRCh4czMDZpF5SUBxlZYKVnTp1soJPO3fuVIMGDew9ABDkjnytd58dpfufStE2u6tkvl24xWB8BXh2plPtzNebGQAzZ860e4DQwHs7OHg6x/t5VbvNmndvX8V92l5J85/Q7S3qqpq9KxB4/fnjjJmVyurWrUtBcZQbhcYBhJ6iC7eEq3F0b8V2baH6vyvp0p5vF24xGF8Bnpm/D+N0/kaysrLUtGlTzZ07V3FxcXYvEBpYrTE4BGbgqYArd4NeHtRHQ96SouN6qevl5+l39r5TsaodTjRu3DiNGTOGAoo4Le4T2Lp169SqVSu7FwCC1LGNmh59re5NC1fnx2brtUe7yhGANZ0YXwGenUngyT0LgHENQpH7cx+zFQJbQAaeXLlf6NX4f+i+6WnKtftK5tt0cAZGgc19Vadnz55asGCB3QuUXdH30BtvvEHGHIDg5kxR/4hYJdUeoUVbJqnHeYGUR/4bxleAZ2cSeHJ/MN+7d6/q1Klj9wKhgcBqcAjAwNNPyph0m9rELy7Ybqab7r9Ht3a4UL8v8cJcdV10dVdFOc6273sXA6PARrYKKsK0adM0bNgwsuYABD934KlxotK3PKiowIw7Mb4CSnAmgad27dopIiKCC7IISe4LxozZA1vgBZ6Op4OfrzvffFczb20cUPWdDAZGgWv16tXq0KED9XlwxkydsO7du1vbixcv5gohgODlHlttGqDFX09QtzpV7R2BhfEV4NnpBp527dplrWQ3duxYjR492u4FQoe7ti/v8cDm6RxfxW59z/WLcp37CjauVvdrLgy4oBMCl1mRLDEx0doePny41QKnywSaHnroIWuFu+nTp9u9ABCEqjbS9Xf3Uu197+nND3coz+4GEPq+/fZbq23Tpo3VAqHGfXH4m2++sVoEF/8FnqrWV6OOTQo2ftWvefmFfUAZfPDBB1q4cKGmTp1KYTlUCJOua+o8mboIJo0XAIJTTTW+/SnNf+wSvf3oWL24LEv788gsAioDU3rCaN68udUCocjMdjGlVhB8/Bd4CvujOg+IU1utVvJH23TU7gZKYrKdxo8fr7Zt2+qOO+6we4Ez98QTT1itO5sOAILPD1o+4SklfXVY52/9t0Z0baratduqR7/+6t/f0+2fmrf5kP31wWS/Mib1UFhYZ03KKGaJmrwMTbo0zPP+k+RlTNKlYQWPv3SSMkpMFftVzoz3lTJnlDqbxx+/ddOoOSlannXAftzJ8uRMGVL42P4pctq9ZfOrvk8ZqoiIoUr5/le773TZ36vzk1ruPNPv5U2ejvPl6j/pdS3McMqbl63zv0/RwIjLNTDl2zP8Ob473hs2bLBaLsoilF144YVWa6aWIsi4SlDK7jOXv9+1MWmYq23t7q5Rb693/e/wMXtHYPD680e5zZ0713pdkpOT7R6g4sTHx1vvr7S0NLsHAILJd67kuMbW/7Gy36JdiekH7a/3DfNzz8wvrl3J/3A5Svr9j6a7EhuX/fkdTU90NTbfr3GiK/2o3XmSY9lprufiWtjHzdOthSvuuTRX9ilD2qOu7OR7Ch8Tl+zKtnvL4tiuZNcARwvXgOQdrgoZKR/8zJUY7XA5BiS7dgXW0LvQwa9cyQkxJx3XU2+OuGmuz7J/sb+oAh3b4Uoe0KLijk85j7f7+ZXHoUOHrK8x4xgglJnPgOa9vm7dOrsHgcbT/y//ZTzpkDa/+pQmLs3W7+ukacJfW+m8Gs3U+W/9irka574F61U5VARTUM68D0y20w033GD3AhXHXTNs5MiRVnYdAASXurp61H+Unp5ejtsLim1c3f764JD//bt6bOi/ypk1dGbynR/qkTv66IGkjVJ0gmYvSFf2MZcZXVu3Y9npSk6Mk0MblfRAH93x3BqVnmdVBvnfasFjj2tO0wG6L6ZhxUxVCG+jux+9U5ozTlNW7LE7A4M5zqNv7qLYiamSI06J8z9S5sFjx4+z61i20he8rIRoh5xJQ/XnqHs1Z4unLLPT8au+X5CooXMu0gP3ddEfK+KA++B479y502qvuuoqqwVCVYsWLax2+/btVosgUvBP3KNSdp+hg670xGjrZ5T95turcuZnInBMnTrVek2WLFli9wAVz/0+I6sOALzjjMZXdjZK4biwhLFhRWY8Hf+ZDlf0w6nFZDO5/eLKXvaEK9r6vW4q+Ln77H7jdDKejrl+Wvawy6EoV8Ky3XZfBTn2lWt2jMOl6Odc6QfPMK3np2WuBEcF/I5FXltH3Cuur0r6vY7tci172M6Kqojn4GY9l4Kfn7DM9ZPdVSHKcbzd7+3yIAsElcXevXut9/rYsWPtHgQaT/+//JjxVF2NY18o5spbSbfguyqHimHm8Q4bNswqAB0TE2P3AhVv4MCBVlZdbGyslWUHAMEtX0f2/09O5/+0/0iwL+bizkbZq+jE1zQ7rrHd7035OrBiRsHPNJlO8Zo0+jo5PI6ez5ajyz/0aEJUwfZ7eu4/n+uMcnHys/T2hFfkdMSoW5vC1ZwqTJVI/XXUnXKsmKMXU3d6tV5S2RQ9zs9p0b/6qVl4CR9TqvxRXZ55WckDWkgrEjX6P1kV8ByOKOvt6ZrojFK/blfoXLu3Qnj5eH/66adW665/A4QqVrYLXn4MPFVTrUtaKioqqhy3lrqkVjX761GZTJkyxWrNSgaAN9WoUUMPPfSQtf36669bLQAEF5fydq/XgqkPq3/nZqpR+3xFRNyqWZtMuYKCD/jLn9YN98/Q8m8OWKkVweL4FDsTABrSXrXsfq9yB38UpYRH+ymqpGCIpZ6iC47tguT3tOj+DmcQvMhX7roPNC/VKUe/rmpzrqefe0BZy9/SpP6X28W3I9R51JzCIufOFPU3fcUWTK+ic9t0VT/HRs2ZsUxf+z3ylKP0JanlOM4FqlykXqNGKqbgq1Lf+u+ZP4fcL/TOvDSpxEBfYB7vFStWWBdn3R/KgVDGynbByY+BJ6BszPL2ZqWxQYMGqX379nYv4D29e/e2BnAmy868/wAgeBxT7qYkDW7fUX8ZPl5JK7ba/W6/6ocdX2rx5CG6rtuD+vemn4Ij+JS7Rs/1Hao5zpuUOOmusgUmKkJutjK/NNWkGqlpg/DCvlJUcUSpZ+8bFeU42+45HTla85/XtEIlZN/kf6/lo/uo6XW3Kd7UnrI4tWLiQF3X9A5N+uR/dp8H516hbv2ipNTFSvv6iN3pJwe+0JJ5GaUEfU5V5dJrdGuMowKeQ74OrFmg51aUEOgL0ONtsrPXrl2rdu3a2T1AaKtVq/CyAzMTgguBJwQ8d0SbbCf40hNPPGG1XFEBEDxcyvtuoeL/MlSvOK/WiFlLtSk7R98l32PvN36nRr2f0qJnYtV460yNGJOsrUcDPfS0XxnTn1L8iroakPwvPRDlk1wnS/4PO7TexJ0at1PLRj4s95D3rT5PzijYaKM//6m452umHT6rvs+mFmzHKOGVz+xi58d0MHOxEuO+VXzsvUoqfLAH4WrQtFFBm6a30nZU+PSv8jh+nC+/VA3KE1SsUk8Xt4oo2NiuzF1nUs79kLZ+/omcaqzr/9ykmEBf4B7vr776ymrbtGljtUCoa9asmdXu2RNYiyOgZASeENDc2U4m6BQZGWn3At7XqlUr631n3n+rV6+2ewEgkOXok1nPa/rWy3X/G7M0aeB1au44RycWKQhTtVrN1GP0FP1r5NXKXThP8zN+svcFonzlZvxbD8a/J8eAJ/VUr4vKOXhdofg259jTojzfzmoTr232VxSVfzCnsL9xHZ3jw1Fz/vYN+tD84MaX6qL6xZSZyN+uJTNS5FQLDUh+Wc/2b2fXnqqi8MhuevBfs5UY7bAe6tnZuuDiS+Uo+C5fZmZXzCp8p+n4cb6gVjmPc3X9of45Be1+/bD/DFajzd+lDR9mFmw01OUX1S7sKyqAj/e2bYXv3IsvvthqgVDXqJEJ4EobN7ozDxEMfHgKBcrPnW1iptkBvuZ+35ngEwAEvF+26mNToyZmkO698cKTAk4nCXMo+u+91VKZ+njzD37NdilRbrqmP5ioFY5/aNpTPSpmefvTsS1HB314kI4HYto3UkRxcaev/6u3Up2S42b9vWvDUwf04Vfoln4d7DueVFF4g0t1ecGWM/lzbT2lLlElkv+zcraZlKumahRxamZbIB/vVatWWS0XaFFZ1KtXz2pzc/0ZLkd5EXhCwDJZJmQ7wZ/M+27q1KlauHChUlJS7F4ACFA52craITW+vqUalTrCC9PvIhqppZzalvNzgAaeikyxmxavXn88nZpJ0UpMP2jWdi7xdjQ9UcWtkVflnDrF9ntXnnZ/+7UVeHJcUEu/L+wsIl+5u77Wl2bz+jb6U7GFx6urUct2pf7uVc6ppQvs7ZIdUdacv52QJXb89ofrNNGZoYnX1S9+f7c5yvLaG+yIftp9sKAteB61ahR2nY7d3+pL64DXUa3fn3w8/XG8y85cpOUCLSqTBg0aWC0ZT8GFwBMCljvLhJMp/OmOO+5Q27ZtNX78eB0+fAZp/ADgI8d+Oapj9nZJXEd+VuBOsvtVzuWTz2CKXcWocsHFamVmUG1bow3by1oQ+oCyMrZVyFSqmvX/oJr29m/y9fP+HJn8nJJUi2ikiluSpboiB/yn2KCd66dlSnBEKWHZ7uL3LxmgyFJevGpNrlSsOc4fpuurA+WIUuXv0Y712QUbRYu/5ys3a0mRlefCFNH/eX1oVp4rTc06+kPNUwNPvj/eZeNeAKVjx45WC1QWZhEgs5ojgoePzuE/6KMpzyhxSrI27C/LUAiVncl2MlkmZDvB38zSxA899JC1Ysz8+fPtXgAIQOc1VlTrcO1YuUHbSi0YflTOdZ/oYzVT12aOkqfl+cWP+mTuPJmPFc45sWpQ9aQsmrALFZtkUlTcNZwuVf+UndZXVij3SmT6Sqs3/qgyhUQOpGv2zZfqnLDOmpRxZuGnQ7t/0iF7u7zysrcraCoUuo+zM1VL0su+UtXxKXAx3dXhUnuK3IEVejr6Lr13wZPKPHhMrmO79OofFysmerRSvv+18DGeHMrRT4dOLz3LH8d7x44dVtu4se/z8gB/Mp8PzdgcwcM3gae875Ux5VEljPhQ2w67B0KHtHneP9X/7nnaTCwKJyHbCYHkhhtusLKe+vfvz9KtAAJX1YvV/o4O0oczNXXRDnkuIWNWv1ukpx+ap321Oyvmyvp2P05VR226xcihjZozNUXrcksLShxR1tvTNdGkx8T00y2t3Vk45VFN9S+61Jq25fxhv34u7Cyims5v0U4xZtNjhtBv0/VKkn9wv34wGz4unn4q93HO0MSn5ymj1ONcIP9bLZjwvFILvirm1mt0qfX758m59D8Fx/8WDbv/FkWaFfKq/FFdHhqlBKVoxpLtxQcP61+ky60DnqP9P5/8iMA93u6Mp4suushqgcqiRYsWVuv+G0Dg8/EpJlc/H3FHmfJ1+MfPlbT8Rx2PRQEFyHZCoKlRo4aef/55a3v69OlWCwCB5w+6Mm6ERjbL1PT+cRr60ofa7DxYJAB1VLnOTH2SPF59u/bX9K21df0Tg9Q94ix7fyBpqN5zvy5+6pZ1+07JcSZS4K7h9LXm9m5Y+KUVqorOjb5H0wYUfMhZkagHxy2T02NMJF+5W97S2EdMdmwLDbjnOjsYcpIf9pdaqPz4tK3V25VdTASxyqXX6NYYh+RcpNeW7jw1mJL7uV6b+o59x5Pfahc5Wl2sC3z8qeBERY/zA7r5H/O0paTgU/73Wv7I3Yqds7HgLRCvcX+LtD/UVJOj9/SC98N09XaUI4+v2nlq1N68nzK1PfvUKZWBeryXLl1qXRhz17wBKosLLiislnbo0OnmhMLXfHOKqVpHDduZf+YL9fQT07Ro1RplZKzT5l0HpV93aXNGRsH9stw26Jv9lXnJjcrBne00fPhwqwUCQfv27a355GPGjOHqCoCAFXbe9Xrq7eka8qdtmnFfjC6LqKMLY2cU7DFT0uronIhmuuavo/XW1trq/Nhszb2vdTE1hHCCKhep11NPaoDDqRXPxijiulGaszDjhABUvjNDKZPuUuSf7lSS06Hoh5/TMyfUpaqi39eqI1PGSKnPa+wrG0uuAXV+c3UygY5tX+vb3cVFnhqp2z29CzOxYu/Ww3PX2L+PXd/oHwMVv6K0qkS/6ocdX8tZ8F0ubxqh08nNqlAFx7n35NlKjHbImXSn/hR5lya9vUJZRQNQ+U5lLJypUde11XXPpkqOAZr90kBFmcwmj/J1IH2p5jkj1Orieh4+/NRXi05XFrQ79eW3+wq7igrA423qTpoLtdHR0XYPUHlcfPHFVrt9+3arRRBwlaCU3eVw1PW/ZY+52prc7jO6RbsS0w/a39P7zM+Eb6WlpVnHferUqXYPEDgyMzOt92d8fLzdAwCBKN91dF+ma9ncsa57Ojexx1DuWxNX53vGuuYu/9p1MN9+uI+Z3+PMfedKjmtc8L08jA2PprsSG5d97Hg0PdHV2Byfxomu9KN25wmOuQ5mJrsSoh32cfR0a+GKey7NlX3M/rKiju1wJQ9o8dtjPf4sY7drWUJUweOiXAnLdtt9Jzm2y7Xs4Zjfvl/Rm2OA66WXHyjlObmPYR/X7MzDdt9p+GmZK8FRwu9ZXge/ciUneHheRW6OuOdcqZk/2V9UgoOfuRILXjfHgGTXruJeF8uxgqfxsMthvm/CMlex39VHx9v9PUvjHpMkJyfbPUDlsXfvXuv9z2fGwOPp/5dvMp7MXPUuo7Vw7dt68bERujMuTnFxd+imqIJ/7+FRuqmvuV+W25U6v4aPfmX4hTvbyawkBgQaM/XTTAE179P169fbvQAQaMJUrVakusSN1vTlmTp6cI+ys7MLbnt08Gimlk8frbjOjRUeZj8cZVBF4ZG9NeGjLcpctkDzE+MKs5eOi1HC7GQty1ytuSPby1HccNXK6Cl4zPxExZ34xcWop+iB9xV81wzNW/KFil2PzdQuGje/4Pd5U4lxhfVOVPBbRSfM1rIVz2vQlaX8kANb9dmH204szB0Iwpup94QPdDDzIyXPTtCJ+TzmOM/XgvRs7Zo7UtdHnmv3e5D/rVJGDNRzFz6r5ZN76Y8eP0aYqX5xeibGIee8pUovro5TgB1v91LyjRo1slqgMjGL/xjfffed1SLwhZnok719CrNqSAm7z1CuMibdrDbTb1L6lgcVFXjLqXj5+eNkprZThw4dNHXqVA0dOtTuBQKLmWbXtGlTa9rdggUL7F4AQFkxviqj/C2ac0MXDfzyTi3b8oy6nFuei6/5OrD8ETW77lk545KVPddMEyvqV32f8oDaxn6qfssWa0KXenZ/CMndopSnRyh2zTVa9vrD6uI4297hyRFlzYlT04HblVDuY1Jxx9v8fRil/Y2MGzfOmv6/d+/e4x/Cgcpk8ODB2rBhg9asWWP3IBB4Osf7MX2omupcfqsSh16uOlxxQwF3tlNMjLVuCBCQTNaTCY6augqpqal2LwAAFaxKpP466k45iito7UxR/4LBfVjY3zQn69Ri2MrfqaWvLbLqCcV0aq7z7e7j8rdryYwUOaP/rr+1C7Wgham7lKJRN3fR0B9u0WdlCjoZ1RX51yFKcGRo3msf6/uiBzwAj7f5sG0KixN0QmVVu3ZtrV271r6HQOfHwFN1XdJtiB68v5suqWp3odIyWSSsZIdg4Z4K+sgjj1jFPQEAqHjuld6kOVNTtK5okW138XHN1yNjX9KHWb9NxrMKnT/3mIaaFd/UQbd2uPikAX++DqxI0iOpEUp4tF8phbmDT/73CzQiOlYTFa9F/7pX7coUdLKd20HDp/2j4IDP0Rvr9tudBQLseOfk5FBYHJXeVVddZbUs+hMcAuNMk5ejrOWvadKowerRJsJKzwoLi1Tnvw3RqEmv6L2M73WEjOyQNmvWLKsdNGiQ1QKBzFxdTE5Otq6yfPDBB3YvAAAVzL2iXuYcvZhaJOupSqT+Ni7eqn/kTHpAMU3/YI+fw1Q1oo1i45PkVIweXva87ow8qZ5QfpbenvCKNGC0hkeH2hS7PVoxZZzmmAXmVjygNudUPX5crFv/lILjUpKz9cde8Zo24Fs99+Ly37KeAux4u+vauD94A5VReHjh2pCHDh2yWgQ2P9Z4MlzKc67UCyPvV/xbG+y+4jTTLWOnaXpCFzmq+W5envefPwx3zRyT7TRx4kS7FwhsJtOpU6dOVvCJ+goAUHaMr8rLrg809Fy9elKtJ5Nts+iD/+iFgRO1wu4rLMA9TH+7IUZRp2T72N9ran29WuYpaJVP/vcpGtx2nOq9emI9Jl8cb/P3YZT0N5KSkqLY2FitW7dOrVq1snuBysX9GdJcDO7du7fdC3/zdI73b+DpyBeafmtP3fvOHjW+6T7FD+mhqyIv0nnnnGV2at9327VlXarmTHpR722rp1teWqi3hlwhX627wcDINxISEqz6TpmZmUyzQ1AxNZ66detGQXwAKAfGV4BnZQk8ucfOXPhCZbZr1y41bNiQcXiACcDA01Flp4xQi9h5qnfPDL076VZFhhdX7OmYcrPe0oM97tGMPf2UvHGyekeYwJT3MTDyPrKdEOx69epl1VnYuXOnGjRoYPcCADxhfAV4VpbAU7t27RQREcHquqj0zN8LnyMDi6dzvP9qPLmc+nTRUu2r3U/jH+vjIehkVFV4ZB89Nr6fau/7SKmf77b7EQqo7YRg98QTT1jtlClTrBYAAMBbTGFxM83fBJ+Ayq5nz54UFw8S/gs8Hdut7au2SjGd1NZRWgbTWXK07aQYbdHSLU7l2b0IbubEadKEzT8MptghWJnaCuZKi3kvc+IDAADe5C4s3qxZM6sFKjPzGdLMPEDg899Uu7wMTWrWRvFt3tR3b9yqhqXUDHftfEu3X3ib0hPTteXBKFWz+72JVHDvmjZtmoYNG6a0tDS1b9/e7gWCj3vKqAmikvYOwDd+0PKxj2lu1i/2/dNVT11HPa1+zWva972P8RXgmfn7MDz9jVBYHPiN+/MkJS8Ch6dzvP8CT67vlDKgq2IXdi1D3SZ3Pail6pm8VHN6X6hS4lQVgoGR95hsp7p16/JBHSFj3LhxGjNmDIFUAD6yUyn9Oys2aZt9/3RFKzF9kR6MKlyW2hcYXwGelRZ4orA48Bt3IJZFqgJH4AWeihQXP3/Ev/XuM39RY0/Fxbf9nx7pcZcm/0hx8VBBthNCjTuY2rZtW61cuVI1atSw9wCANxySc/MWZR8+03FKNdVpfJkuqeWLXPJCjK8Az0oLPLlrO61Zs8Zqgcps/fr1at26tZYsWaKYmBi7F/4UgIGnAke+0PRbe+red/ao8U33KX5ID10VeZHOO8cElo7q4P++Vdan72p64ot6b1s93fLSQr015ApVL/xqr2Ng5B2HDx9Wp06drG1OmgglSUlJ6t+/v5KTk9W7d2+7FwBQFOMrwLOSAk/ui1ys4gUUcpe7YOwdOAIz8CSX8pzLNXHIUI15Z4vdV5yWujXxBT1/fyc5qvlikl0hBkbe4U6J5B8EQk3RoOrixYtJgQcQBI4pL6+Kqvl4fAXgzPAZBSgce9esWVNjx47V6NGj7V74U4AGnmx5u7V5+WK9v2y11qxZrvkrthZ0NlF0ny5q1669rruxu7o0r++TguJFEXiqeEU/mDMdCaHIHVidOnWqhg4davcCgA/l7dM3G9Zr07f79Kvddap8/fy/Hdq6/ivVGzxZw31c4wnAmeEzClDInFPIAgwcgR14ClAEnire6tWr1aFDB82dO1dxcXF2LxBaevXqZS3tygobAHzNlfuF/j3sTg18ZZ3dUxqKiwMAgtfgwYO1YcMGSrgECE/n+Cp2C/iEWYXD6NGjh9UCoeiJJ56w2ilTplgtAPjGIW39zwSNsIJO4WocHau4vjfJxJTCo25S37g49b0pqmBPofDOozR32b90Z8vf2z0AAASX2rVra+3atfY9BCoCT/AZk+1kskDMFCRq3yCUtWrVykr5NYFWU/QQAHzi2HYt//cHylW0Rr37hTYuf1tzk2boib4tlFu3tx7991zNe3et9u3L1NLJd8mxdov+d+4FquvD+k4AAFSkFi1aWO2uXbusFoGJwBN8xgSdDDMNCQh1gwYNstqEhASrBQCvy9mh9ev3ST0H6J4bL1F1E08Kq6vItn+S/rtWG3/MMx2qVitS1w2boNkPHNCTzyzQ1qNMewMABKfw8MI83kOHDlktAhOBJ/iEyfow2R8mC4SaN6gMIiMjrew+E3BNTU21ewHAi/J+1eFcqXGH5mp4PInpbF1w8aVy5G7UV9/+bPcVCKuv9n/vq2sWztP8jJ/sTgAAgkujRo2sdseOHVaLwETgCT7x9ttvW+0dd9xhtUBlYN7vbdu21SOPPGKt6AgAvldFv7/gQjXWLn357T4VzW2qclFzXXtxpj7e/IPy7T4AAIJJzZo1rTY3N9dqEZgIPMHrcnJyNGbMGPXs2dOqfQNUFqaW2UMPPWQVPJw/f77dCwBeUv8iXd5Y+nHTt9pdJMJUtX4DXRa+Q599/YN+tfssVc/S76o6tS3nZwJPAICgVK9ePavNzs62WgQmAk/wutdff91qzTQ7oLK54YYbrKBr//79rSAsAHhNtYt0ZWyUct9+U/Mz9shUdLLUuVitWtXWjvfXasuv7oiUS0ez0pW6rbYc4b8T5cUBAMHIvWjVd999Z7UITASe4FVmelFSUpI13ah9+/Z2L1B51KhR43jQdfz48VYLAN5RV1f97XZdnTtfIzr31MBnUrQ5N1+q2lBte/5Z+m+iRhb0bfjme+3cvFQvTZihD9VS3Vs1UFX7OwAAEGzMZ819+/bZ9xCIwlwF7O1ThIWFqYTdFcZ1JEffbv9Wew+XluhdTXUaX6ZLalWz73uXr55/KEtJSVFsbKySk5PVu3dvuxeofMzqdqbAfmZmplV4HAC8wvWTNr36qO66b6rWnp+o9C0PKqpg2OTavUJP3hqnJz/aaT/QCFeTu2Zp8Yy/qdFZvst5YnwFAKhI7nE25xb/83SO92/gqWBwlLXwBcU/OEnvbCtLMbBoJaYv0oNRhUsmehsDozPXq1cva1WvvXv3Hk+DBCojs7Jj06ZNrWl3CxYssHsBwBuOav/2z5X2RTVd1TNK9ayYkkt5zk+V9OJUvfjCG8ps2ksDbxuk+4Z0V2S4b/OdGF8BACrSuHHjrJrChw4dsmYbwH8CMPDk0qGM59S1zYP6xLrvUNRNnXVZ3ZKymeqp66in1a95YeV6b2NgdGZWr16tDh06WEvKDx061O4FKq9p06Zp2LBhZAACqNQYXwEAKpJ7lg0zC/wvAANPP2rJ/d3UffIG1b51mt57/i5d5agZUMUtGRidGXfK486dO9WgQQO7F6i8THHx7t27W9srV67kigyASonxFQCgIhF4ChyezvH+Ky6et0tfvruhYCNa/7z/77o6wIJOODNmWpEJOpmiygSdgEJmuulDDz2ktWvXavbs2XYvAAAAgNPVokULq924caPVIvD4L+MpL0OTmrVR/LZ7lJw9Tb0dvikYXh5ckTt97ilFaWlprGYHnMRd+4yrMgBO3w9aPvYxzc2SIvs/pTFdLijS90vhQ8rEt2UMDMZXAICK5K6lSjkL//N0jg+AqXaRmp2ZpAGR1e3+wMHA6PSY6UR169aliDLggfvkOGjQIM2cOdPuBYDy2KmU/p0VmyTFJX+kub0bFunbVviQMvHtwi0G4ysAQEU6fPiwatasSW3hABCAgadjyln+hNpfN1uOye/p/eGtFWihJwZGp8c9x3bJkiWKiYmxewEU5V59g78TAKfnkJybtyj7sFQjopmaO0zGkruvPGOXaqrT+DJdUst3meeMrwAAFc2cW0yZl4kTJ9o98IcADDwVcP2kTf+O119G7FTvV8brnzddrvrV/Vd26mQMjE5Pu3btrJbiyYBnFBoHUFkxvgIAVDTzGbRly5bMJvCzAAw8HdLmeY9qQmqmNi14Txm5pq+Jovv8WRfW8BR88m0dAgZG5bd69Wp16NCBNEegDNzZgfy9AKgYB5S1/CNt1J8U0yVSJU+ey1du1mK9+k6Gcq8YoH/G/NFni7wwvgIAVDT3iuqcX/wrAANPucqYdLPaxK+w75eFb+sQMDAqv8GDB2vWrFnau3evtYIXgJJRaBxAxbFrPGmisuf2lsPuLV6enClDFRE7Q40T07XlwSj5arId4ysAQEUj8BQYAjDwlKf932zStpw8+35Z+LYOAQOj8nEXTGZuLVB27r8bivEDKC/Xkf36cd9h/TZSydYHI/6qgXpU6yffoPPs3mLl/aiP/999um3yl2o9OU1rh7dUVXuXtzG+AgBUNPdMgp07d6pBgwZ2L3wtAANPgY+BUflMmzZNw4YN07p169SqVSu7F0Bp3IXGWQIWQHm4DnyiZ7vfpDGf7LN7TkcHPfrxAj3Vsa593/sYXwEAKpo78MQsAv/ydI4PnEreCGqmULIJOpmsDYJOQPmMHDlSbdu2tU6Wu3btsnsBoGRh57bTvRMeUFv7fvk4FHXTYD322lSN7OC7oBMAAN5w/vnnW+2hQ4esFoElMAJPeTnKWv6aJo0arB5tIqwoWVhYpDr/bYhGTXpF72V8ryNcGAtoK1YU1uqKi4uzWgBlZ1a0e+aZZ6ztKVOmWC0AlK6qand8RGtcLuvqosv1nZLjGhecjJOVfbzP0y1b6e++rCfvaKXavqoqDgCAl9SvX99qt2/fbrUILH6eaudSnnOlXhh5v+Lf2mD3FaeZbhk7TdMTushRzXejI1LBy84sX7l27Vorwsyy8MDpcRdFXLJkiWJiYuxeACirvcqYN08fqaMG9YtSLbs30DC+AgBUNHfdVEpX+Jenc7x/A09HvtD0W3vq3nf2qPFN9yl+SA9dFXmRzjvnLLNT+77bri3rUjVn0ot6b1s93fLSQr015ApVL/xqr2NgVDarV69Whw4dWBIeOENmymrdunWtaXeLFy9mZUgAIYnxFQDAG8z5ZezYsRo9erTdA18LwMDTUWWnjFCL2Hmqd88MvTvpVkWGF7eeyjHlZr2lB3vcoxl7+il542T1jjCBKe9jYFQ27iwNVhAAzpy7MCKrQwI4fUe1/5vN+jJrh3b/fMzu86S6Lrq6q6IcZ9v3vY/xFQDAG8z5hTG0fwVe4Mn1nVIGdFXswq5lCCa5g1Qf6W+Llml6jwi737sYGJXOFEJu2LChBg0apJkzZ9q9AM7E4MGDNWvWLFaIBFB+R77Wu8+O0v1PpWib3VWyaCWmL9KDUeH2fe9jfAUA8IZevXpZtZ74XOo/gRd4ysvQpGZtFN/mTX33xq1qWErpJtfOt3T7hbcpPTFdWx6MUjW735sYGJVu2rRp1mp2aWlpat++vd0L4Ey4A7pmyt3KlSupmwagjA4pa85gRQ18XbkKV+Po3ort2kL1f1fSICtcl8feqW6X+KqQAeMrAIB3uGficI7xHwJPp4GBUckOHz6sTp06Wdtr1qyxWgAVwz3ljnnqAMrs2EZNj75W96aFq/Njs/Xao119uihLWTG+AgB4A4En//N0jq9it75Xtb4adWwipa7UWudRu9OTo3KuXalUNVHHRvVVXCUo+N6qVauslewoKA5UPLMah5nCOmbMGK1fv97uBYAS/C9Ln6Ttk2r31gP/6ByQQScAALylRYsWVmsW7EFg8V/gKcyhq27uqtr75mnMxIXaluup+OUx5W5bqIlj5mlf7a66+SqHGEYFhhdffNFqe/ToYbUAKtbjjz9utXfffbeVYQgAZVKngRx1fJEbDgBA4AgPL6xXuGfPHqtF4PBf4ElnKeLGIRp3Sz1tmXyXut02WjPeXaUNWd/J6XQW3L5T1oZVenfGaN3W7S5N3lJPt4wboht9tKIdSpaVlaWFCxda04BY8h3wDrNKZHJyspVZ+Pzzz9u9AODBeZG6ukNtKecH7TlQ2mp2AAAAvuHHwFOB6pdr0PRZGntLA217b6KG3HytWjW9SBEREQW3i9S01bW6echEvbetsW5N/LemD7pcvit9iZKkpqZa7Y033mi1ALyj6JQ7998dABSraiNdf3cv1d73nt78cIfy7G4AACoD91S7HTt2WC0Ch/+KixeVt1ubly/W+8tWa82a5Zq/YmtBZxNF9+midu3a67obu6tL8/o+KSheFMUvi2fmzNatW1c9e/bUggUL7F4A3lJ0lbvFixeTZQjAs7xdWvb03er1xgUa+9JDiuvURLUCrNYT4ysAgDeYWTlNmza1ZgyYi7fwPU/n+MAIPAUoBkbFc6+2xR804Dvuv7v4+HhNnDjR7gWAon7Q8rGPae6GrVo9f4W2ma7wKN3U6zLV9ZjjXk9dRz2tfs1r2ve9j/EVAMAb3Bdr+ZzqPwSeTgMDo+L16tXLqu+0d+9eMi8AHxo8eLBmzZqlJUuWKCYmxu4FALedSunfWbFJVsipjKKVmL5ID0YVFmT1BcZXAABvMecYLtT6j58DT4e0ed6jmrB0j37XdZRe6tdcVYv0lZ1vr8oxMDqVWda9devWmjp1qoYOHWr3AvAFM821e/fuVrHxnTt3WsXHAeA3h+TcvEXZh8szdqmmOo0v0yW1fFfQgPEVAMBbCDz5l58DT7nKmHSz2sSvUOPEdG15MKpgmPNbX9n59qocA6NTjRs3zipynJmZqcjISLsXgK+YAuPdunWzCo5PmTJFNWrUsPcAQHBgfAUA8JZ27dopOjqawJOf+DnwlKf932zStpw8hdVprNaX1FJYkb6y8+1VOQZGJ6KoOBAY3AHguXPnKi4uzu4FgOLk68j+Pdp3WKpRu55qVffvgsYG4ysAgLckJCQoMTGR84yf+DnwFJwYGJ3IXdyY+jKAfx0+fFidOnWyptytW7dOrVq1svcAgOFS3u4NevfNt/R/KclKslYLdmeN19SB5WN16zvnKX7E7ep8ybny9Zp3jK8AAN5C4Mm/PJ3j/XjZy2Q8bVDG599of6nvCZeOOD/XkpQ3lJKx1+6DryUlJVltx44drRaAf5jpda+++qq1fffdd1uBKAAodEy5m5I0uH1H/WX4eDvoVNSv+mHHl1o8eYiu6/ag/r3pp4JRFgAAoaFWrVr2FgKJHwNPR7Qt+X61+Vuyth2zuzw6pn2fvKzusXco4aMdKs/kPFQMU1TcrGRniopTUwbwP1NjzUy1M1lPjz/+uN0LoHJzKe+7hYr/y1C94rxaI2Yt1absHH2XfI+93/idGvV+SoueiVXjrTM1Ykyyth4l9AQACA3NmjWz2qysLKtFYPBd4CkvV3ucTjmP337UngO/SscOaM8PRfuLue3cqI8//sL+RvCH999/32qZYgcEDlPfyRQZN+nEZiosgMouR5/Mel7Tt16u+9+YpUkDr1Nzxzk6sTJmmKrVaqYeo6foXyOvVu7CeZqf8ZO9DwAAoOL5LvBUdZ8+ffpmRURE2LdL1f3p/0o7nlb3hu4+D7cLW+u2yZ8UfJMOuuPPF580gIK3maLippCxKSrOSnZAYJkwYYLatm1r1V/jyg5Qyf2yVR/PS5NiBuneGy8sebwU5lD033urpTL18eYflG93AwAQzMLDfbMCPsrHd4GnsAbq9s+Rur22fb9cwtU4+k49Onui7r26jt0HX1mxYoXV3nfffVYLIHDUqVNHzz//vLVtiilS7wmoxHKylbVDanx9SzUqdYQXpt9FNFJLObUt52cCTwCAkHDxxRdb7caNG60WgcGHNZ7CdFbjv+v1HJdV5dzlOqj0xOiC0VGi0o+6+zzdDurrj/6tpwZcLUc1X6+9AoqKA4Gtffv2Vv01U4fNHYQCUHkd++WoSi2fWcB15GcxyQ4AAHibDwNPJ6umOpffqsShl6sOsaSARVFxIDgMHDjQqvdkpsVS7wmopM5rrKjW4dqxcoO2lVow/Kic6z7Rx2qmrs0clDEAAABe48fA01mqVe9CXfrnS1XbxWoqgYqi4kBwMIFhs7od9Z6ASqzqxWp/Rwfpw5mauqikVYDN6neL9PRD87SvdmfFXFnf7gcAILi5axJv2bLFahEY/Bd4cv2g1bNG6S/X9NAD7+wsGAIh0FBUHAguDRo0OD7Vrm/fvtR7AiqdP+jKuBEa2SxT0/vHaehLH2qz82CRANRR5Toz9UnyePXt2l/Tt9bW9U8MUveIs+z9AACEhv3799tbCAT+Czwd+0FbPjQFv65Wt7YOMdsu8FBUHAg+pt7T3LlztXbtWisDCkDlEnbe9Xrq7eka8qdtmnFfjC6LqKMLY2cU7Fmh+DZ1dE5EM13z19F6a2ttdX5stube11o1C78UAADAK/wXeKpaRw3bNS7YcGrn/w4V9iGgUFQcCE5xcXFWvafExMTjf8cAKouqCr/sDk1NXaFlc8fqns5N7H63Jup8z1jNXf6R3nniehZtAQCEHDMO3rdvn30PgSDMZZaN8yAsLMxaVc47XDqS9ZZG9n1Ar4bfqVkTh+imVg0VHkADIO8+/8Bmioq3bt3aKio+dOhQuxdAsDDT7Dp16mRlPqWlpVmZUAAqI5fycnO0++CvBdtn65z6dfw+1qrM4ysAgPclJCRYF2A51/iep3O8HwNPv8qZsVQr0xbpuUema22u6Wui6D5/1oU1PCVi1VPXUU+rX3PfJIVX5oHRuHHjrPpO69atU6tWrexeAMHEFBhv2rSpVXDcrHRnakABCGUHlLX8I23UnxTTJVLhdm/x8pWbtVivvpOh3CsG6J8xf/RZ2QMCTwAAbyLw5D8BGHjKVcakm9UmvrCOUNlEKzF9kR6MKnkoVVEq68DIFBWvW7euVVR8wYIFdi+AYJSamqpu3bpZf89vvPGGtfodgFC1Uyn9OytWE5U9t7ccdm/x8uRMGaqI2BlqnJiuLQ9GqZq9x9sIPAEAvMmdRMG5xvcCMPCUp/3fbNK2HM+L/Z6qmuo0vkyX1PLN0KiyDozcH1STk5PVu3dvuxdAsJo2bZqGDRum+Ph4TZw40e4FEOxcR/brx32Hi6wMnK0PRvxVA/Wo1k++QefZvcXK+1Ef/7/7dNvkL9V6cprWDm+pqvYubyPwBADwJpPpHxsbq507d5Lx72MBGHgKfJX1+ffq1UsLFy7U3r17VadOHbsXQLAy9Z6GDx+uWbNmWSvemeLjAIKf68Anerb7TRrzyZkUUO2gRz9eoKc61rXvex+BJwCAN7kDT5mZmYqMjLR74QuezvH+W9UOAcnUhDFBp7FjxxJ0AkKEmV43ZcoUq9ZT//79tXr1ansPgGAWdm473TvhAbW175ePQ1E3DdZjr03VyA6+CzoBAIDKJzACT3k5ylr+miaNGqwebSKsKFlYWKQ6/22IRk16Re9lfK8jXBjzCTPNzrjxxhutFkBoMMEnc/XH6NChg3bt2mVtAwhmVVW74yNa43JZVxddru+UHNdYiktW9vE+T7dspb/7sp68o5VqB86CwgAAnLHzzz/fag8dOmS18D8/T7VzKc+5Ui+MvF/xb22w+4rTTLeMnabpCV3k8OESwJUtFdxMx6lZsyZFxYEQZrKdTODJZD8tXryYzEYgpOxVxrx5+kgdNahflGrZvYGGqXYAAG9yr+xMzWLfC8ypdke+1Kwhdyn+rW1qfFOCpi/6WOszv1V2dnbBbbs2fbpUyS8l6KbGu/TOmEEaMutLHbG/FBXv888/t1r+OIHQ1b59e6vO09q1azVq1Cgr4AwgVNRVVL/79eAJQac85e75QU6ns+C2V7l5BHwAAIBv+THwdFTZ70/X6Hf2qMk9M/T+m+N0T4+Oahl5oRwOR8HtEjX/83XqPWSc3nx/hu5pskfvjJ6u97OP2l+PivbKK69YbY8ePawWQGgyxcVNHTdTbPzxxx+3ewGEjnwdcWZowdRR+lubC3VOfYciIiIKbvV0zllN1bn/45qzPEv7CUIBAAAf8F/gyeXUp4uWal/tfhr/WB9FhntaxLeqwiP76LHx/VR730dK/Xy33Y+KZOq9mA+hZrl1pt4AoW/kyJEaNGiQEhMTNW3aNLsXQPDL0+5PpunOTtH6y/CJmp/htPvdtmpF0lMaeF20Yoa9rk25x+x+AABCQ8OGDa02NzfXauF//gs8Hdut7au2SjGd1NZxlt3pyVlytO2kGG3R0i3OgiEVKpq7ppOp7wQg9BVd6W7YsGHHFxYAEMxcOro9WaP6j9FbWxvolkfnatn6b5Rz+JhVb8GVf1j7dn6l/76dqDvbSmunP6yR09N1gMQnAEAIMeNcY+PGjVYL/wuMVe3gd0lJSdYHUFP/BUDl4F7pzvztd+vWzSo8DiCY5ejTV6bp31ub6M7Zb+m1J+PUpeXFql3dHu6FVVetBs10dew/NXPhXD3WWfrwyZf1wc5fC/cDAAB4gf8CT1Xrq1HHJlLqSq11lla36aica1cqVU3UsVF9eZqUh9NjPmyaQsOm7guAyqVBgwZ69dVXrW2z2p2ZdgsgSP2yVR/PS5Ouv0fx/S5XuMeFgMNUzdFFI0bdJkfuKi1O/0EkPQEAAG/xX+ApzKGrbu6q2vvmaczEhdrmscbAMeVuW6iJY+ZpX+2uuvkqR8FwCRVp4cKFVturVy+rBVC5REZGKi2t4MNqAbOqJcEnIEjlZCtrh3Rxp5ZqfFZpo6Wqqt08Stdqq1Zt310w2gIAIHSYWqb79u2z78Hf/DjV7ixF3DhE426ppy2T71K320ZrxrurtCHrO3vJ3++UtWGV3p0xWrd1u0uTt9TTLeOG6MaI0upBoTxycnKs4sLmD9NkPgConMw02yVLlljZjyb4ZP43AAhOx345WrZ6mHm/6oi9CQBAKKldu7a1eBYCg39rPFW/XIOmz9LYWxpo23sTNeTma9Wq6UX2kr8XqWmra3XzkIl6b1tj3Zr4b00fdLmq21+KivHuu+9abZ8+fawWQOUVExOjqVOnWsGnUaNG6fDhw/YeAEHhvMaKah2unUvXaMuh0ibPHZVz3Sf6WM3UtZlD1exeAACAiubfwJNVY+A6jU7+WJuWJCkx4R71iW5i72ui6D73KCExSUs2fahXH4yWoxqT7CqaKSxsdOzY0WoBVG5Dhw61gk/mCtHw4cMJPgHBpOrFan9HB+mTyYqfsFTOPE/Bp2PK3fS6xjxkyhh0VsyV9e1+AACAihfmMuvrehAWFmYtv1tZhfrzX79+vVq3bm19yDQfNgHAbfDgwVbwyUzDnTlzpt0LINC5di/V6Jv+pvFrj6pJn5F6KO56RUVepPPOMaUKjmjfd1/ry08Xavoj/9KK3Ca6dfb/6ZUBl/k0o7yyjy8BAN43bdo0DRs2jPONj3k6x/s54wn+9P7771utWckKAIqaMmWKFXQywSdz4gYQHMLqd9aYV2dpVOfa2jr/aQ08oYxBI112VYxuu98EnVorbsocPR/XnDIGAICQY857RlZWltXCvwIi48l1xKkvP16q1GWrtWbNcs1fsVUKj9JNvTvq6k7Xq/sN0brSUdPnq9mF8hU5M32mZs2a6tmzpxYsWGD3AsBvzP8JM93OBJ/IjASCi+vI9/p82RIt/nClPkn7UO9lOAt6TRmDLvpzhy66sXtXXRNZxy+1nch4AgB4mykpExsbq8zMTGsFZ/iGp3O8nwNPx5SbtVDPDLlfEz7aafcVI7yDhkz+f3oqrq3q+7DOUygPjFJTU9WtWzclJydbK1gBQHEIPgGoaASeAADeRuDJPzyd4/061c71vw/1WM/+mvBRntreOUFvLP1Um7bvUnZ2dsFtuzalr9Si6Qm66fz1mj6wr4YlbWbZ3woyf/58q42OjrZaAChOjRo1NGHCBLVt29aaJ8+0OwAAAADl4ceMp1xtmHKbWo3I1p2zX9HUu65QeLHJTC7lOZfq6b8P1FPreyh542T1jjAFMr0vVK/I7dq1Sw0bNlR8fLwmTpxo9wKAZ+b/hsmOXLt2LZlPQKDJ26ft6Z/qk/Vb5Mw9prPrXKRmLf+sa1o2VHgArghMxhMAwNtMbaemTZsqLS1N7du3t3vhbYGX8ZS/Sxnvfa7wnkP1cL/LPQSdjDBVc3TRiFG3ybFvqRZ96hRDlTPjrulk6jsBQFk0aNDASlkm8wkIJObi3ApN6ttZja++UX3vfcC6qDRi4N/Urc1lurLvZH3s/MV+LAAAlc+PP/5ob8Gf/Bh4+lk525w6v0NLNTqrtKtxVVXniqt0vbZq1fbdOmb34vQkJSVZHx6J/AIoD4JPQIA5+pWS7r1L8W9tsO6GR92kvnF36KYoR8G9XG19a6Ru6v+S0g8wcgIAAP7jv8BTld+rTmOHFXzKKUMKU/7B/fpBteUI/53PV7cLJatXr7amysTFxdk9AFB2BJ+AQJGvA5/OV+LCHVL4DXr0na+089NFmjf3Nb27dqu+W/m8+tSWcj+coReXfk+2OAAA8Bs/Bp4uUXTf63R0+v/Tc6k7lWd3FyvvO73/0iyl6hr1ufpiVbW7UX4LFy602l69elktAJQXwScgEBzWN+s+1RbV1tWPP6mHbm6mWu56TmG/V8NrB+uJcWbV2i1a8PFX2le4BwAAwOf8uKrd79Totsf1yr15+tdfB+rB2cu0ec+RE6/IuY5oT9ZqvfnIPbr9hV26PvFR3XlFuL0T5ZWTk6PExESrtpP54AgAp4vgE+BvP2nn5h0FbTN1/XNj1SzsLOL3anrt9epQsLUv4xv9wGw7AEAlEhkZabVbtmyxWviXHwNPh7T5zZf0zp5qOj/3Q00e1FWX1a+vJp3/qv79+xfc/qrOTeqrftMOun3CYuWquo6umaZhd5p9RW//1LzNh+zviZKsWLHCau+77z6rBYAzQfAJ8Kdj+vXw0YL2dzq35tmFXSepWvs8NTIbzlwdZq4dAKAS2r9/v70Ff/Jj4Clfh3/8XEnzV2ib3WMKYW5bkWwVv05KStaKbbl2v7FVK+a/au8revtcPx7Otx+DkpjjZXTs2NFqAeBMuYNPJpOS4BMAAACAk4W5CtjbpwgLC1MJu89QnvZ/s0nbckqs7lQG1VSn8WW6pFY1+37F8e7z962srCw1bdpUY8eO1ejRo+1eAKgYhw8f1vDhwzVr1izr/8zIkSNVo0YNey+AirdTKf07KzapoRLTF+nBqGJKEThT1D8iVkmNE5W+5UFFVfxQ6bSE0vgKABC4zPkmPj5eEydOtHvgbZ7O8X7MeKqmWpe0VFRU1BneWnol6BRqUlNTrfbGG2+0WgCoSCbINGXKFA0aNEhjxoyxglAmGAUAAACgcvNj4Am+Yj78mSkwpg5Lq1at7F4AqFhFg08m84ngEwAAAPzFjEnNzB/4nx+n2hWRl6Osjz/QO0tWaMWy9/RehrOgs4mi+3RRu3ZX6drO1+u6K/+o6vYqwb4SKqngq1evVocOHTR37lzFxcXZvQDgHSbYNHv2bCvgbWo/mbpPrKQJVDT3VLsaikt8WD0bVbf7i9j/maYOnKgVjjglTumpRsVebqyui67uqihH8QXKvYGpdgAAX0hISLBWdeec4zuezvF+Djy5lOdcqRdG3q/4tzbYfcVpplvGTtP0hC5yVPNd9ClUBkaDBw+2sg/27t2rOnXq2L0A4F0m4OTOtjQFyAk+ARXJHXj6bYmW0xPtuUaUlxB4AgD4AoEn3/N0jvfvVLsjX2rWkLsU/9Y2Nb4pQdMXfaz1md8qOzu74LZdmz5dquSXEnRT4116Z8wgDZn1pY7YX4qyycnJsYJOJs2QoBMAXxo6dKiVabl27Vr17t3byr4EAAAAULn4MePpqLJTRqhF7DzVu2eG3p10qyLDq9r7ijqm3Ky39GCPezRjTz8lb5ys3hFn2fu8KxSuyCUlJal///5KS0tT+/bt7V4A8B33dF+D/0UAyHgCAPgCGU++F3gZTy6nPl20VPtq99P4x/p4CDoZVRUe2UePje+n2vs+Uurnu+1+lIWZ6mJceeWVVgsAvmYCTevWrbOm3JkAlPv/EgAAAIDQ57/A07Hd2r5qqxTTSW0dpWUwnSVH206K0RYt3eJUnt2Lkq1fv96a4jJ16lRrtSkA8Bezoqap82SCT6bu07hx41jxDgAAAF5z1VVXWe2uXbusFv7j3xpP8Kr333/famNiYqwWAPzJFBdfuXKlVXNuzJgxGj58uFWHDgAAAPCWQ4cO2VvwF/8FnqrWV6OOTaTUlVrrPGp3enJUzrUrlaom6tiovjxNysNvTCaB+WBnljKPjIy0ewHAv0z25ZQpU6xMTLPwQffu3ZWVlWXvBQAAABBq/Bd4CnPoqpu7qva+eRozcaG25R6zd5zsmHK3LdTEMfO0r3ZX3XyVQ2H2Hni2atUqq42Li7NaAAgUJvhkVrxLTk62pgM3bdqUFe8AAACAEOXHqXZnKeLGIRp3Sz1tmXyXut02WjPeXaUNWd/J6XQW3L5T1oZVenfGaN3W7S5N3lJPt4wboht9tKJdsJs/f77VRkdHWy0ABJrevXtbq9xRdBwAAAAIXWGuEtYW9P5yty7lOZdr4pChGvPOFruvOC11a+ILev7+TnJU812+U7Au92uKpzVs2FDx8fGaOHGi3QsAgcn8zzIZUAsXLrTqP02YMEF16tSx9wIINcE6vgIABBezsE1sbKwyMzMpP+Mjns7xfi4uHqZqjus0OvljbVqSpMSEe9Qnuom9r4mi+9yjhMQkLdn0oV59MNqnQadgtmDBAqs19Z0AINCZouNvvPGGFSyn7hMAAAAqwvnnn2+1FBf3Pz9mPB3TvowlWvlrU0W3baRaARhUCtYrcu3atbNas3qUqaUCAMHCfWXKMDWgzHQ8AKGFjCcAgC+YC5mmlihjSt8JvIwn1w9aPWuU/nJNDz3wzk4x/KgYpkCvKdZriooTdAIQbMygYN26dVbdJxOASkhIsFbpBAAAABCc/Bd4OvaDtny4sWDjanVry0p1FcVkORm9evWyWgAINq1atdLixYutek+JiYnq1KkTU+8AAACAIOW/wFPVOmrYrnHBhlM7/8ecy4qQk5OjMWPGWLWdTM0UAAhWprj4zJkzNXfuXCuL06RJm2l4AAAAAIKL/wJPYRer5xPPaEjbDXoyfoLeSv9OuXlMuDsTK1assNr77rvPagEg2JlpwydPvTNBdgAAAADBwY/FxX+VM2OpVqYt0nOPTNfaXNNnVrL7sy6s4SkeVk9dRz2tfs1r2ve9K9iKX5rpdWY58r1797IUOYCQYoJN48ePt6bemSDUyy+/bE3JAxB8KC4OAPAFiov7nqdzvB8DT7nKmHSz2sQXZumUTbQS0xfpwahw+753BdPAyP1HNXbsWI0ePdruBYDQUnTVO/P/buTIkSykAAQZAk8AAF8g8OR7ARh4ytP+bzZpW06efb8sqqlO48t0Sa1q9n3vCqaB0bRp0zRs2DBrSgpZAABC2a5duzR06FArw9NkP7366quKjIy09wIIdASeAAC+Ys458fHxmjhxot0DbwrAwFPgC5bnb5YaN6s+GWvWrLFaAAhl5v/e/Pnz1b9/f+u+KULep08fsp+AIEDgCQDgKwSefMvTOd5/xcVRYT7//HNr1SeTAQAAlYEJMJnC45mZmdZKniYAdfvtt1sp1QAAAAACh+8DT65Dcn6xQilzpmrSpEmaNP11Lf50m/azot1pM9NNjC5dulgtAFQWZordG2+8YWU8mf+FZh6/mXpsMqIAAAAA+J9PA0+u3I1664FeimzZWbEDh1spb/H3/l03XN1K7fpO1sfOX+xHoqzMSk9mladBgwapQYMGdi8AVB4nZz+Zendm+vH69evtRwAAAADwF98FnlzZSn3sbt32wofKNfcbR6tPXF/1iW5ScCdXW98aqZv6v6T0A8fMXpTRu+++a7V33nmn1QJAZVU0+8lMP27durUSEhKsAD0AAAAA//BZ4Cn/m2WaPvOTgq3WunP6f5W9cZn+M3ee/rN8vbI/maE7m4Qr98MZenHp92LSXdmZpcWNK6+80moBoDIrmv1kMkFNRmj37t2P/68EAAAA4Fs+Cjwd097Na7U0V3Lc/6z+391Xy1Hd/tFhNeW4qq8efugWhWuLFnz8lfYV7kEpzDQSU9Nk6tSprOQEAEWY7KeZM2cqOTnZuh8bG6tevXpRfBwAAADwMR8Fno4oe/tW5epiXXtVU9UOs7uPq6nGV3VUq4KtfRnf6Adm25XJ+++/b7UdOnSwWgDAiXr37q3Fixdr7Nixx4uPjxs3jul3AAAAgI/4KPDkUt6vRwraqvrdWVV1StypQNXa56mR2XDm6jBz7UplVmwaM2aMVUi3VSsTsgMAFKdOnToaPXr08eLj5n+ne/odq98BAACErrS0NF111VX2PfiLz2o8oWKtWrXKak0tEwBA6cz0uwULFpww/e7222/X6tWrrfsAAAAILe3bt7cy4OFfBJ6C1Pz58602OjraagEAZWMGHytXrrTq45npd2a6sln9jvpPAAAAQMUj8BSEdu3apVmzZik+Pt6aQgIAKB+zIMPQoUPte7JWvzP1n0wAivpPAAAAQMUh8BSEzFQRw9QqAQCcOXf9JxOAqlu3rqZNm0YACgAAAKgAYa4C9vYpwsLCVMLucshVxqSb1SY+U9EJT2rYn+va/UXs/0xTB07UCkecEqf0VKNiQ2LVddHVXRXlONu+710V9/wrVrt27ax2zZo1VgsAOD3m/7zh/l9v6j2Z4JOZgmeY6Xh33HEH2aVABQrU8RUAADgzns7xPg48rbDvn65oJaYv0oNR4fZ97wrEgZH5UGTqkZgPQ0WniQAAyu/kwJObWfFu/PjxWrt2rXXfFCS/4YYbrCl6AM4MgScAAEKTp3M8U+2CjPsqfK9evawWAFDx3AXITcCpbdu21gp4nTp1UlJSElPwAAAAgHLwUcZTcAq0528+7JjaI4MGDdLMmTPtXgDA6fKU8VTU4cOH9cEHH5yQAcUUPOD0kfEEAEBoIuMpBLz77rtW26dPH6sFAHifmV53cgbUsGHDKEIOAAAAlAGBpyBiao4YHTt2tFoAgO8UDUAtWbLEWgXPHYBKSEhQVlaW/UgAAFDxDihreYrmjOpmZVUU3iLUedRMLcxwKt9+VEnynRlamDJTozpHnPI9UpZnKdd+3CmcKepvPXaIUpx5dmcFyf9WKQMvV8TAFH1flidRgvzvUzQwoptGL/++TMfDt07j9cvL0KRLzeM6a1KGx1fnuLyMSbrUfN9LJynjjF6mX+XMeF8pc0ap8/Hf1dwuV/9Jr5f5/Va8X/V9ylBFRAxVyve/2n2ny/5enZ/UcueZfi8vc5WglN0hL5Ce/7p166zfZ+rUqXYPAOBMmf+rZ/K/Pi0tzdWzZ8/j32fQoEFWHwDPzuRvDkAldWyXa9nDMcfPt6feHK7oh1Nd2cfsx5/sWLbrs+fiXI5iv/a3myNumuuz7F/sLyoiO9kVZz3mHldy9lG7syL84tqV/A+Xw/EPV/KuYn5uue1zpSfe5FKFfb8Kcrqv39F0V2Jjsz/alZh+0O707Gh6oqux+X6NE13pp/syHfzKlZxQ0u9aePP4XinFsV3JrgGOFq4ByTtcnt6u5XLwM1ditMPlGJDs2lUh3/DMmGNTHDKegsT7779vtWZFOwBAYGjfvr0WLFigzMxMxcfHa9asWdb/6Xbt2llZqkzDAwDgTP2q7xc8q77PpkqOOCUmpyv7mMt8upXrWLbSX0lQtJxa8ewDemTBt6dmouR/r+WP3Kk/P5BU8KgYJcxepPTsXwq/3v09khMV55CcSUP15zv+pYxc3+QL5X//rh4bmqKmD8Qp5o9n271nopai7n5ACfqXhk5J0wG717/O8PXzoXznhxp9cxfFTrR/1/kfKfPgsRPfKwteVkK0o/C9EnWv5mwpx1HO/1YLHntcc5oO0H0xDStm+ll4G9396J3SnHGasmKP3RmACg6gR6XsDnmB8vwPHTpk/S7mqjoAoOKY/60V+b9+586dVmaq+/uam7mfmZlpPwJARf7NAagEjn3lmh3jKPjfEeVKWLbb7izqsCtzdp/C827MbFfmCVkfdkaR2Rf9hGtZCRkqx7JTXQ9Hm5/jcEUnfuY6Ib/GKxlPu13LEqJccjzsWvZTRaaquI/HTa7E9H123+k65vpp2cMux5n8jmfy+vky4+nYDlfygBbW7+GIe8X11cESnm/RDK7o51zpJT32OPtYejwOZ8B9jMv8u3iPp3M8GU9BYNWqVVYbF1fw7w4AELAaNGigoUOH6tChQ1YhcncdqKZNm6pXr15KTU21VskDAABlk//1f/VWqlNyxKhbm+JWk62uSzt0V4zZTF2jjT8WKe5zIE1Thv5LTt2kxEkj1MXhOauoiuM6PfTonXKY7JvnFmjNAe/m3uRnvaMJEzPk6NdVbc6tyI/l1RX51yFKcLyn515cfsZ1o87UGb1+PpOvAytmaOicjVL0c1r0r35qFl7Ca1Llj+ryzMtKHtBCWpGo0f/JKj1TKz9Lb094RU6Px+EMVInUX0cVvHdXzNGLqTv9mjXmCYGnIPDiiy9abXR0tNUCAAKbuxC5mYa3bt06axrewoUL1a1bN9WsWdNaDY9i5AAAlK5K5AAtcbnkyh6nLh4CNFXOqaUL7O3fHFHW29M10cQ8Eh7Q3VG17H5Pqujc6GFatCBZCxYNU3SFBoNOtl/r3klRqqLUr9sVOtfuPVG+crNW6O1J/RXhLm7deZTmWEXQdyql/6Wei26fe4W69YuSc86bWvL1EbvTP07/9fOlHKUvSZWz4PVIeLSfokoKOrlVuUi9Ro1UTMFXpb71X31dYrSn4LVc94HmpTpLCTSaAuxvaVL/y+1i5qb4+hwtzzrwW4H7YgunF7x323RVP8dGzZmxrJTfxT+8+deECmA+mJgPK2PHjlWdOhUcGQUAeF2rVq00ceJE7d27V3PnzlXbtm1PyYKiFhQAAKcrXwe+SteHZjOmnVqcX83qlXK1K3N7QevQ5U0jFF7YWbIqDkX17K2eUQ7vflA+8Ln+89x7JWQB/Srn8qd1c9PO6hNvalPZVkzUwOuidfOkVdpvdxWvjtp0iyl45ml6K21HQGbA/MbT6+dDB77QknkZJbwexaty6TW6NcYhpS5WWokBvhyt+c9rWlFSoNHUIhvdR02vu03xSRvtTmfBSz5Q1zW9Q5M++Z/d54EdbCz9d/EPAk8BznwgMW688UarBQAEJ3PxwEyZXrNmjZUFZS4ouLOg6tatq3Hjxmn16tVMxQMAoDzyd2rpa4sKPqI7FHPrNbrU/Qk3f492rM8u2Giq61s2CKgPvnlbP1eyiSZd30Z/Kib7xRQdf6TvE1pR8JyiE5J+K4Z+MFOpidcrM/7vGpi0zX50caoovMGlurxM2Th+5un186H8H3ZovXk9Lr9UDcqS7eRWpZ4ubhVRsLFdmbuKyTxzy/tWnydnFGy00Z//VFzmXZEC7KYA/iuf2QXYj+lg5mIlxn2r+Nh7lVT4YA/C1aBpo4I2MIONgfT3h5OYDx/mqri5Om6umAMAQoP5nz569GgrC2rJkiVWLagxY8ZYK+K5p+KtX7/efjQAACie+cCeaNfmide4v0X+9gE3/2flbDPRhPqqc44fsmg8OqLtG9bIhI0aX35RwW93siP6esmbmmOmCA6Yplef7acod22q8Ehd/+BkLUq8qfB+CapccLFaOQo2vvxau3y0Sl/5lfD6nWCF4tucY08/83w7q028dVzLK/9gTuHXXVBL55QrQlJdf6h/TkG7Xz/s93zhMH/7Bn1oveCX6qL6xbwX87dryYwUOdVCA5Jf1rP928lh/R5VCl7ybnrwX7OVGG1ezJKcrQsuvlSmRtmXmdkqIQzmFwSeAtjnn39utaZQLQAg9JgsqJiYGKsW1M6dO0+Yite6dWu1a9eOIBQAAMUy09GeVd/Yf8npGKDZLw30UJtnt3IO+qNgtSd5Opizu6BtrPaNztMpYYj8HUp7K61gI0r9/n6t/njKU6ql1rf0LizGXZLwCDW93CE5P9HnWw/ZnYGkrK9f8Dse2GrfSBHFxZ2OF2C/WX/v2vDUIE34FbqlXwf7jifuLLeClzz5c20NpLd8AQJPAeyVV16x2h49elgtACB0mRXxik7Fmzp1qtVPEAoAgJMVBi3uuM5MR4vRw68+pTubnVQ5p8rvVadxaVki/rBP3365s6CtpQtq1SjsKio3W5lfmkwtT9OyCp5ao5a6vrF9x5OC51/rgpr2nVLkb9GcbhGnZBCFhVXVH657Vk7ns7ruD1WL2R+hbnO2nMa0rjK8fieIVmL6wcLphiXcjqYnqrTDUrGO6KfdBwtaD6+lJU+7v/3aCjw5Lqil3xd2FpGv3F1f60uz6WHqpcmsatSyXanPzf9F2j0j8BSgdu3apVmzZlkrIVFUHAAqFzMVz2S7lhaEoiYUAKDyOSlosWyOnunyx1M/2B6vv5OpDzfsKmNwxKwkt0FZ5ZmalpulD4uuPBfRX5M+NCvPleYc1f9DdXu7iJ/36wcTdypJtfPUqH0FhliqNNOAJdnFBHOO6adlD8vheFjLfjpWzP5sLRnQrJxBhTK+fhXGvKZLiqwUF6aI/s/rQ7NSnK1akysVa2KUH6brqwPleO2P1xFrpKYNSi9fX7P+H3RqKDC/4CXPUakveUQjtbe3gxGBpwBlpl0Ypu4HAKDyKikI5a4JlZCQwOp4AIDQZwV5BivKBC3M9Kyv5mucx6CFe2U3p75cvVnOMsUTcrRm9kA1PaeqLp2UodJnK+3R8qfvUMx7f9S0zJ/kcv2i7Fcb6b2YWI1I+baUYNdB7f7pNFcfy/uftq8+nWpGflau16+CHFihp6Pv0nsXPKnMg8fkOrZLr/5xsWKiRyvl+18LH+NeEc6ZqiXpZR9LHZ8iF9NdHS4tJoh4kkO7f9LpTnrMy96u1fZ2MCLwFIDM1eukpCSrzkf79sEc1wQAVKSiQajMzEyrJpS5QJGYmHh8dbxevXpZ5xCm5AEAQkm+c7We/0esYuKT5Ix+WMkrnteAEqdnVdG5bbqqnylzNGeO3li33+73LD/rHU2YaFYf66PRt1x2av2lkzk/1tyJ+xU37F71jjS/y9lydPmHHk34nebMWOZhNbnauujyhgWth4LU5zdXJ7NEv9L12Vcefufd3+rL0uJO+T9r/w8mzBEYxdXL//pVhDw5l/5HE523aNj9tyjS1JCq8kd1eWiUEpSiGUu228FBd5AyQxOfnqeMsmS85X+rBROeV2qpq/FVU/2LLrWmyTl/2K+fCzuLqKbzW7QrrNnlMePqt+l6Jck/WPCeMhuN65SzSLr3EXgKQKao+Nq1aykqDgDwKDIy0qoJZTJk3avjmenZCxcuVP/+/a0peSad3J0NZaZwAwAQjPKdH+qRO/rogaSNcsRN02evP2EHekpxbgcNn/YPOfSe4h+crOVOO8OlOLkb9cpYE0gwq8ndpm7FZrDkaH/RQuWO3prr+lpze5tAUllVV0SjpgXtNq3e/r9Ts6qqXKwOt5pC0hma99rH+v6UOMR+Zbw2p5Sl9Qu4a0U5LtXFF9ir4vnJab9+Z6xawUs0XS7XdPV2lBR8q6Jzo+/RtAEtpBUP6OZ/zNOWkoJP+d9r+SN3K7bU1fgKHZ8mt3q7sotJo6ty6TW61QQbnYv02tKdp2bK5X6u16a+Y9/x5LdaUY5WF+sCAk8oDUXFAQDl4V4db+LEiTp06NDxKXlFs6EaNmxo1YYaN24cgSgAQPAwmSWPPKBnVzgLPuQ/p0X/ulftHGUNpJytP/aKtwMKT+i6iJs1as67yigagMp3KiNlkvpHXq6BSSaQ8IRefabHiavJ/b6WLrDqlM/XI2PfKjkoceALLZmXUcKH/98yXLZ9+a3M+nYnqq5Lu92mAVam1lD1fXjeb7+vNVVthG6Of6/wfgnyf9ih9aZw0OWXqoE/V4s7o9fPG/J1IH2p5jkj1Orier8FRKpcpN6TZysx2iFn0p36U+RdmvT2ihPrfZn3ysKZGnVdW133bKqJUJZtNT53Ftu2r/Xt7uIiT43U7Z7ecmij5sTerYfnrrGnhtr1qf4xUPHm+JXoV/2w42s5C77L5U0jVHrFKR9zlaCU3SHPH89/586d1s+Nj4+3ewAA3mL+34b6uW7v3r2uJUuWuMaOHetq27bt8edsbua+6Tf7zfkH8IVQ/5sDUJGOuQ6mP+eKLnLuKvkW7UpMP2h/bREHv3IlJ8QU8/gTb464aa7Psn+xv6ioX1y7kv/hchx/rIef49rnSk+8ySXHP1zJu4r7PraflrkSHAXfx/Gwa9lPx+zOon5xZS97wsPzbuGKe2maK6Gx2fb0exx1ZSffU7Df4YqZ/VXBUTxdxwp+1YddDo+/Z2nO8PU7mu5KLPF5nuhoeqKrsfk+jRNd6UftzpMd/MyVGO1wOQYku3YV95TK/F55zpWa+ZP9RaXZ7VqWEFXwdVGuhGW77b6THNvlWvawh5/rGOB66eUHSnlu37mS4xoXPL6Pa3bmYbvP98zvWxw/hj5RHIqKAwAqkjsbavTo0VZtqJ07d1rT8saOHWvtHzNmzAkZUWZqXkpKirKyslgxDwDgZ78qe8MnWmHfO23hzdR7wgc6mPmRkucnKs7KXnJzKDrhZSUvy1TW3H94yMY5W3/sPU4rlr2pxLgWdt/JftX3KY/o5ufO1+zl49T7jyVk9Zx7jQY+00eei1mbWlGPalHB7zs/Ma7gN7RFJ2j2smT9a9BVqm93FW+/vvosvaDtoFs7XOzHaU4V9PpVlPxvlTJioJ678Fktn9zrxKw2t6LvldkJira7C8UoYfZ8LUjP1q65I3V9macL1lP0wPsKvjpD85Z8od/W0yvC1J4aN1//v737gW6qThM+/lBdR11ATtHVVFw8wlLWg6NjK7Mz+A6lSNFXkJ4WcMAxdQsu7oLrK4cWWtnVdwdESE8ZBXUU2qFFYRxMDowzCxSDZaXzvkA68g6egXRwFgdIZnYWRv6M+K+97/3d3LRJm6RtmpuG9Ps5557c3uTe5N6kub88v+c+P2/YZ0x9NmvE3bhW5t8d9qHt6vxv5MCej3pc6DzZBqnokznfhaoNEePutJfs/VcN/IkTJxrz6scBAMBa6nteGcjnOnXJ3a9//WvxeDzGuUfViAo1f/58ufPOO42aUrfffruMGDHCvAeIz0BvXwJIR+elxfWCLChulm+5a2VFD0Zqa2uplQey58mRcrccW50vvap4dH6vLB07Wdb4F4jTt75L/aK20y55/J5i2floHNtOVxePiev7T0nxwW+Le0uF5Cf7cr+2Y1L7QL7MO/KYuI+tkPyhvQkHtulv+XIZO3mV+O1O8dWpy/JCqaDnYrmn+P/Ko+5dsjr/enN58kU7x5PxlEIoKg4ASDYVSApmRAULle/fv98YMU8FnTZu3ChPPvlke1aUalCorCg1cl5TUxO1ogAAA5sKaCydJdmLTstDBzb1KOikZIx5SJaW54h/s0veDQ7rbzgprpLR+vk2S6bWHutaaFoFGd51yWZV8qdgvIy7sXPR7M/k+O4fS63/QVk8+26CTkadJJcsnZ4vi37/kBzoj6CTkjFGZi59TGyRCoj7XVKit68GDZottS2fmQtDtJ2Ud998x6jfVDDxdrnRXNyu7bey+zWX+PMekdnjM82FKUaLoZu7016y919v4BvPqepxAACsp75zB/q5rie8Xq9RB2rdunXt56rQifpQ6A3+5wCkjdYTmrN0nP699qDm8PzJXNhzraecWqnNpuU5DmgdFYwuad6aWYFzrM2uORq8Hfe1+jSP06HZVX2oaPWbzPpRtnK31tMKROkscIz145VXrXkuxF/tKiGCn5fOr6X1qFZTYDPe8861o1p9Hs3psJv1xSLVbzLrcMWqH5VE0c7xXGoXQzL3X/UYq55kNRS2GpUIAGA99T2vDORzXbxUDagTJ04Yt2TqojcGevsSQLoIufzJXBIu8mVw4cxLpPTT6PpD1R11oS4elKrphTFGMrNJXkWdbFkxRWxh6VWfSUutXbKX/5U4Q7c3YP237F16v0xe02z+3UnEy9asFbgM8ln9Df+ZbCgaaWbHtcnF5hdleu7iGPWwCqQi0mWc5iV8y0esl0MbiiLXrUqiaOd4Ak8xJHP/169fb1zKoC5vmDBhgrkUAGAlAk9A8hF4AoAQquD149Nk0fUvhtdjUkP3v/Mz+ckPnpU17QEoVWz6f8v/mj1NpufYulzSFwhqvCY3vtGzOlPoD8Fg41B5o1OtpzZ/s7yz8yfyg3lrQgJQqqD5kzL7gQLJ6XKJoLmtdTfIG/11CWEnBJ7ikKz9p6g4APQPAk9A8hF4AgAgPUU7xxMETQHvv/8+RcUBAAAAAEDaIfCUAl555RXjdtq0acYtAAAAAABAOiDw1M9UUdYdO3YYRcUzM1N06EMAAAAAAIA4EHjqZw0NDcbt3LlzjVsAAAAAAIB0QXHxGKze/7Nnz8rw4cNlxowZsn37dnMpACBZKC4OJB/FxQEASE8UF09BjY2BQRLtdrtxCwAAAAAAkE7IeIrB6v0vLCw06judOXOG+k4A0A/IeAKSj4wnAD0VPE8DiE+yz7fRzvFkPPWTw4cPG0GndevWEXQCAAAAAABpiYynGKzc//LycnE4HOL1emXMmDHmUgBAMgV7UgfyuQ5ItoHevgQAIF1FO8cTeIrBqv0PFhWfP3++bNiwwVwKAEg2Ak9A8hF4AgAgPUU7x3OpXT/YsmWLcfvYY48ZtwAAAAAAAOmIjKcYrNj/S5cuycSJE435ffv2yTXXXGPMAwCSj4wnIPnIeAIAID2R8ZQi3n//fTl06JAsWrSIoBMAAAAAAEhrBJ6S7JVXXjFup02bZtwCAAAAAACkKwJPSXT48GHZsWOHrFy5UjIzM82lAAAAAAAA6YnAUxIFi4rPnDnTuAUAAAAAAEhnFBePIZH7f/bsWRk+fLjMmDFDtm/fbi4FAPQniosDyUdxcQAA0hPFxftZMNuprKzMuAUAAAAAAEh3ZDzFkKj9v3TpkkycONGY37dvH6PZAUCKIOMJSD4yngAASE9kPPWjnTt3yqFDh2TZsmUEnQAAAAAAwIBB4CkJ6uvrjdu8vDzjFgAAAAAAYCAg8GSxpqYm2bFjh6xbt04yMzPNpQAAAAAAAOmPwJPFNm3aZNwWFhYatwAAAAAAAAMFgScLtbS0yMaNG42R7EaMGGEuBQAAAAAAGBgIPFno7bffNm7nzp1r3AIAAAAAAAwkg7QY49kO9OFu+7L/Z8+eleHDh8uMGTNk+/bt5lIAQCpR3/PKQD7XAck20NuXAACkq2jneDKeLLJlyxbjVl1mBwAAAAAAMBCR8RRDvPsfzHa655575ODBg+ZSAECqIeMJSD4yngAASE9kPCVRY2Ojcbts2TLjFgAAAAAAYCAi4ymGePb/0qVLMnHiRGN+3759cs011xjzAIDUQ8YTkHxkPAEAkJ7IeEqSnTt3yqFDh2TRokUEnQAAAAAAwIBGxlMM8ez/+PHjjcDTmTNnJDMz01wKAEhFZDwByUfGEwAA6YmMpyRoamoygk7r1q0j6AQAAAAAAAY8Ak8J5HA4jNu5c+catwAAAAAAAAMZgacEUdlOO3bsINsJAAAAAADAROApQch2AgAAAAAACEfgKQGC2U4rV64k2wkAAAAAAMBE4CkBgtlOM2fONG4BAAAAAABA4KnPgtlOZWVlMmbMGHMpAAAAAAAACDz1UTDbaf78+cYtAAAAAAAAAgg89QHZTgAAAAAAANEReOoDsp0AAAAAAACiI/AUp9CR7Mh2AgAAAAAA6GqQpjPnuxg0aJDEuDvtxdr/wsJCI/B05swZyczMNJcCAC4n6nteGcjnOiDZBnr7EgCAdBXtHE/GUxwaGhqMoNO6desIOgEA0ENnz541JgAAAAwcBJ566dKlS7J8+XJjfu7cucYtAACITV2iPnz4cGOqr683zqcAAADou/LyciPbSN2mYicfgade2rlzpxw6dIhsJwAAemHkyJHmnEhJSYnMmTNHWlpazCUAAACI17Bhw4xbNQDa/fffLy6Xy/g7VVDjKYbO+696ZydOnGjM79u3T6655hpjHgBweVLf88pAPtclkwo0qZ44dbl6kBqk4+mnn+acOoAM9PYlAACJprKcXnjhhfaR9xU1+v6zzz4rI0aMMJdYL9o5noynXqipqTGynZYtW0YDGQCAXlKjwG7dulXq6urMJSLPPPOM0amjLsUDAABA76mrsdasWSO7d++We+65x1i2ceNGueWWW1KixAEZTzGE7r+KIKq6FOpNJNsJANIDGU/9R2U/qV451SgKKisrMzp3uJQ9vZHxBACAdVSQae3atUbnXtCMGTOMwJTqBLQSGU99pNLWFPUGEnQCAKBvVMNnw4YN4nQ6zSWpW5cAAADgcqHiFZWVlfLBBx8YASdFlTnIzs6W559/vl+yn8h4iiG4/6pXVr1J6hpJ1UgGAKQHMp5SQ6rUJUBykPEEAEByqCDTtm3bjIFdgtRVXCqhZsKECeaSxIl2jifwFENw/wsLC40IodfrtTw1DQCQPASeUktDQ4MsX77cqKcYpOpBzZo1i2zjNELgCQCA5EpWiYNo53guteuGSvdXQSc16g5BJwAArFNQUGDUUVTn3CDVQzdnzhyjwQQAAIDe6+8SB2Q8xaD2X6WhqZ7XM2fOUOwUANIMGU+p6/Dhw/Lcc88ZnT9BKiD19NNPk/10mSPjCQCA/mNliYNo53gCTzEEf5CoqGBRUZExDwBIHwSeUlukugSqSObWrVsJPl3GCDwBAND/IpU4UAXJ77rrLvOv3iPwFIfgDxIAAJA6yEK+vNG+AgAgNam6T2vWrDH/6j0CTwAA4LKiag4UFxebfwVGYVmxYoVRCwoAAADxiTba3euvv25JxhPFxQEAQEpRhcQff/zxsKCT6oHbtWsXQScAAIA+UO0sNXBLaNBJ1dFUA7z0JegUCxlPAAAgJUTrfVu7dq1MmDDBXAIAAIDeUu0s1aZ65plnzCWB2plqMJdEBZy41A4AAKQsRrEDAACwRlNTk9GmCi0kXldXJ7NmzUpoO4vAEwAASDnRet9UYcsxY8aYSwAAANBbZ8+elRdeeEEcDoe5RGT+/PlGCQMr2lkEngAAQEqJNIyvFb1vAAAAA40apEUFnULbWU6nU4qKisy/Ei9aDIni4gAAIKlU71t5eblMnTq1vTGket9OnjwpdrudoBMAAECcTp061T5IS7CdpTKczpw5Y2nQKRYyngAAQNKo3rfQ0epU8fBly5b1W0MIAAAgHUQbpGXFihVJGxWYjCcAANBvVGMo2PsWpHrfdu3aRdAJAACgD1SW05w5c8KCTmqQln379iUt6BQLgScAQNpqa6mVqYMGGb0vPZ1GVzXLV+b6SBx1Gd3GjRuNedX7tn//fqOAeGZmprEMAAAA8XnppZfaRwZWg7R88MEHUllZmTLlCwg8AQDSVJtcPHVcjph/9UyOFN89Uq40/0LiXHvttUYdp3Xr1hm9bxMmTDDvAQAAQCKoQVq2bt0qd911l7kkNVDjCQCQpj6Tllq7ZM/bJrZytxxbnS9DzXsAAAAAJFa0GBIZTwCANPVH+XDfL/Vbm9yRnSWDAwsBAAAAJBGBJwBAejr/Gzmw5yN9Jlum3DmCEx4AAADQD2iHAwDSUtvvT8hhv5rLltuyrjaWAQAAAEguAk8AgDT0lfzhw4PSoGYLxsu4GykXDgAAAPQHAk+4fPldUmIMf/6EuPwxBj+/+KHUltxhFDpTU1ZJnRy72KbukOaqSfqy0VLiOhl4bL86Lx+1/JeoV9buq2apGt2DfQTQyWfi+63XmLPddavcxNkOAAAA6Bc0xZHeVNBp4RyZV/+h8afNvkn2vvyojB2cSh/9NrnYsluqSibI1J+eDA88AYhP2yn5f3sCgSf/mslynRl4jjVlLd0r5401AAAAACQKgSekr7Cgk03yyp3SGBZ0Giw5S94TTTsudUW3mMv6w6fi/ekLUmYGx8JcmSNLjmv6a/yhFNm4VAjosYs+8R4xCjz1UI48OvXrMtT8CwDQd181V8noCIH+8OkOKanaIjua/XS+XdbOS8uetVKS1fHeDqwOHa5cAGIh8IT01DnoVFEnW1YVyZiUynQCYJWvfvNLcaq4k61C3OdaRdNUADfW5JHV+dcHVgYAJNGHUl/2iBTm5sjkyj3iJ/p0GfpCTrsqJa9gsdS39/nY5I7sLBls/pW+uHIB6Al+hSP9tH0srqc6BZ1WTBEbn3ZggPhK/vjxcflIzd4xWkYQcAaA/mV3ii9i0F+fWn3i2VQueeKXxlWLZfn2j/nxftn5gxzYsUt/B1W7u0F8req99cnu0rED4McmVy4APUFrHOml7bTsXf4PUlzbk6BTlOLiYUXLPxV/s0uqQoqTD5q0VGp3NMfokTsvLXvfCl9n0FRZWvszafZ/YT7GZDzXEMktazT+/KgsV/5CPb7EpZ+8dd2l6F5skb1vV4WnNZdUydt7W/S96y3VY9Mob1eVSFb7686SSUs3REl/PymuktH6YwLHr83fLK6wdaPsc7t4n08di7PS4qqUScH1Jq2VZqNgvBJhu+o9M45JcBuTpKo5cITaWmplqv6YrHkuOR3tPT2/V5aqY5xVKXvPR33jkTI+kaMHPMbcqCl3ym2c6QAgdWXYJKfk+/KGc6HecvtQal9zy3FOtZepLBl/3zfo7AXQBV8LSB9G0KlUJq9SA6gnItPpP6XpB49LTm5xeC9G4xqZVzhd5lYf7BrcUa+hcpZkT/5up56PBlkzb7rk5jwuaw8mooZBm1w8ViclY7Jl8qyykLRmEX99mcyanCfTe5Wu/oX4935fpmdPklll9YGgl8Gv7+4/SGFugfz92qYo2/tUftf0A/n7nFwpDlvX3Oe5L4cEhYL68nwXpOXNMskrXiWBcJ3uqutkyLXqjY6yXfWeqWNS9b58Yi4Kyhj9bXm4wCb+2h/L7uOfmUtDtcl5z7uy2W+TghV2yRvK12bKa/tvOXHYp8/kSPHdI4U+RgBIdVfJzd/Klylq9shxOdWl3YDLwxC54bqrzXkA6MAvKKSHsKCTbtRiqfq3vl5e1yDVa34lUxy7xHvBrBFz4ag4ywv0+/zSWFYlP2kJDVR8Is3VCwKvIa9catxeuRBMI7/gFXdNueT562Vx4UrZftrMArIVSZ12QTyOPOPPUQ6PfKkeX1ckNmNJFBc98sN/rAgEnPIqxOk9F3ge7Zx4nRW9TFdvk4vNL8vcyc9JoxRIeY27Y3/V9tw1Up53RuoXPxFle/pzVVfLninV0tDldegaHVL5k5aQ9fr6fFukouygTKneb6Zyn5Pj66bJaP29bjv9M1n+PbVdm/4W1IvH93lgu/rxb3BMEW/ZIzKv3rgAq0PGrXLvw/fqM/vlrf0nuj5f20l598139L28Vx6+91a+NC8Hf/i17GtQ/xy3SfaIeKpLfNE101Fl8NUdpPYIAFjlhpFyxyj91n9WPvlz8Mu2p9nO+una3yw7OmWBd5+l3rssaXUpt9/1hL5MZXt/rK/rkqWTssznm6Y/LrR7K8K2Y2Z2K+r88++d1tEn9ZpcjdISKSDX5pfmHVs6nbMCz+OKKwO+N8cyePXAX0ux0b5qlLLcIYHHB7P3o7L6WCrqKgSX1C6daq4TnOLJyldF8N+SvS0h5dL7eOVC7z6zweNlbl+9767QdXtyPIB+pP8oi6qbu4H+5XNqdv0zKpKn2e15xue1Y7JpeY4D2gXzoZFd0DwOtd4oze78nblM177dKNs459bKber+8PVavTVagVrPtlBznvrcXBrqc+2Uc6Fm67Ld4OsQbZTDo31pLjV86dEco9RzLdCcvuA9rfpLqNC3E+25/qRv70Fje1JQo3lbzcXRtB7Vagps+uPHaaXOE/rWu2o95dRK1T7nVWueC8FH/E5z2kcFnidsedAfNXd5TuB+u1PzmUsT8nwR9+uS5q2ZZdxvK3Vqp7rcH3Jc9M+Mw9PxDrS/dxG2G+s+pKLQ/48KzX2u929a4D0fp9lrjgT+T1t92oFqu77NHK3c/UfjMQCA7n3pcWij1PdxaDsgmmD7K+y7O3jun6utcpQGvtuDU/t5+XPNd2C9ZjfaZlGmvOc0t69ze0lfz/2clhfp8UZb7U2txnju0DbDl/rLXKAvG6XNXbUi0FZpX2eWVuO9ZD4u1rbVpJ9jqvdrvrBTVLCdGOnx5tS5vdV6QnOWjov8WGPqSXs4VG+PZUcbtsvU7Xtu5bHUdXts9CliO/qcdrSm02ctbCrQKtynAu3X9t8MnabgvkdsxyvxfGaDx0vdt1Art0fbtwf1z+ufzHWA5FOfw0gIPOHyFenLPuyLuLsv3u4CT+HBiQ7BRlDoeh0ngy7Bo1DBbY9yaJ72B/U28NQR0LGVu/XTYx9FfE2dBfc59Jh0BIIi73PICTK08ZGA54u43+0BrejBgfYgUpf3NnhMQxs6SjCYZdMKao5GDJIh1XQEIHs3dX7vwwU+O52+KwAAMfU88NTRORR+ju8494cHGM5px71/MM7L7Z1Val17tdbgDa6t/7j31GvleaptoN/fKWjTsZ5Nyyuv1zzBH/kXvFqDQ3U2BLYZOfAUfL712gFjvVbtwvHj5mvT5z3VZqCkQCuvcWve9uc9p3ndNeZr6tQB196x2TmQom/P6zTXCT0PhXa02LXqA76ObanncVaYr6Fz0CO6eI9l5HZbdyw8lqFtgbxybZOn07FpqG4P+oR/3kKfT30unB3Pd+Go5iwvCGwzLGDV23Z8vMc5/Hip99zR4DWDiqGfEf0+OkvRj9RnMBICT7h8dQo8BU9Yrb4GrSL4xRs1+0jpLvAU7UQdPLmGrhejxyfiFLrtXp6w2gMsifkR3N4o7NEU+pyRjkOoyIGnvj9flCBQe4MtRgOr/Xh2bhgFG2+dtt1+rGMHJZBKQjLtejN1DoS2+jTPdqfmdOpTTbnZCE3M/xwADBQ9CTy1+jyasz3Q07nTMCTwFPHHdEhnXMRsZ3377T/yQzum4s2SDv3xH6VtEGdmd/ux6nG2bkf7MSEdkXEfS6WvgafEHsvuOyNDAlNhn81ujsGFA5rD+I0R2l7sbeAp3uMcerwida6HBCJjtYUBi6nPaCSUK0EaCAzd2vyjhTLedpVk2CZLZVVZoL6Q/2VZ9K8/iz5a2eWo7c9y9qPYV82nt2vlpmF/2bXW0p8/kd93d1iu/Cu5bYLerOsiQ4bm3ieP2vzS8NYv2kfTaTv+C3mrwS+20u/K1NEUy7w8XC/5qz3qjNe76fgSyTGrkLf590jl5BzJ/cGBQDH6YQ/Iq57XRVV3AwDEob44vGZRyHRFVnBwknFir3lBnsgZZq4UznbXrXJT55P/Vx/LL53N+kyOPPrId+TmCL9sMm7+n7J0xSx9rlk27/6VGBV62k7I/rf26zPR1hsm33ioKPb3vm203HrTVeYfIYJ1BkeVyD89NDJibciMm++RB6fo7ZHGn8p73k+NZVf+zd1SbNNn/Jvk+ytrelCr51r5m7u/ZdQE9a9ZLStj1izqgXiPZSIk+FhKxlgp3e3Tz+8eWZ1/fWBZmCtlyLBMcz7E+V/J7s0xjsHg8bLkPbVdn+wuHRtf3c9EHOdReTLpzs7/J3pb9m9zAwX6gRQU1/8LkFoekiefnBRSSDxDBucsNIfl1U/GtYvke5FGoLOETQpqjkprpB+2YdMPpcgW51hbGX8pmaPUniVYQY14jWLdsabjUld0i7lCHyX7+ZSv/kt+29SpuHjQ0Ltl9uIHRRp2yX5jdLvP5Pj+XdIQo2GAdKS/7zs3yCrvY+LesUpKi4qkqOg7knXuP+WI+QgAQALZ7OLYtl3c3iapKx0nkYeEsMkd2Vld7/vjx3LEOK3nyjf/NnLASo2Yd9OtowNtQucv5TeqxvNFn3iPqN6q6Otl3HanqHhGVHeMlhGDuzYOvvL9VprUzEdlkvsXkYNtHcW4T8qRj/+kHt3RDlGDthgj/GbJFfpjs0qq5O2IhcUzZOj4Qlmcp/bMHEk462v6tlUR7C29Lywe77FMhEQfyy4CRdtdLpc+vS21Sx+UrOLXzPs6tP3+hBw2OjFjHYM+SsRxnnCbZDFkLy4z/JRCmrpKbi4sk/V6A8Y4gZf9izy/97SFozxcKUMyb9Bv/XLE67M2yJVxvdx6V5Y+85HsOfCbiL1NbS21MtU4Gc+W2rCR97rKGJIpRrsqScMXW/Z8N94uEwvUKdojB46GjoQSov1kH0mwd9Mc3S7YG2orkKm5EXrFkKbMxp6/Wd71qN5mNbLNdln5/U2BEWoAAL1nd4ovYgeTPvnqZMnMGZI/Zqj54EiiZDv3SIZce12mvoUQfcqSNt00TIYk9JfUMMlZssUc3Ve1ZwL89WUyq3iSZA+5QrJKXpaDoVlNKgPnncbAyMnmIpEPpb7sESmenC1DVBBqbVMCR2SNcCwTIeHHUhc26tvXJCv3QSkuLtanWTJvjTkKdidtF87qretUYNFxBvoRgSekr4yRUvRijTjMnqBV31sl20/3IQU5pqtl9L33GynZ/jXV8nrYELBBX8hp16JAqvnUWmmJuxGQKblTCwK9IJtd8m6XfQpm6ugK7pd7u7lELGP0t+VhFbBRqd2veyIGzdpOu2SeceLuPpDVHcueL+NWuffhe/WZZtn85n9EuLzyE2l+s1bqzb8iCbw2/dPy1i+kpcW8zO7R+yR3KF+VA0eGDM17UrZX3ySbJo+QKwZdIUMWHJDshYvFbose7AUApKo2+fTcWTEuwhqV2fMAR6ws6Z6IK7N7qIzJL5XV6nKuC15xO52yzWE32nyKv36RfHPuy9Ic2nE3eIzkl66W97RWueB9T5zON8VhVx2vyodSv3iWzE1Y5n+cx7Kven0s9TZf9eOSW1wm9UaAsUDKa7bpx8apTyq77oz4nAuMR4Zq7xztd/10nAEL8TFGehucK0+8ukr/wajPq3pPlVvlmEVZPRljiuR5h0qR/rmUTX9KqlzNHT1MRq/LS1K56GWjhkHpgskyuv2/L5gtJfLp0Y/lD92+vJDUamOfXpY9LcGfwuelxfVvsmDeNn2+8/NEkTFGZj+vamKpzLB5srDKFVIjQKUmu6S68lmp1U/cCal1ZNnzXS2jp35XStVhUZdXVmzu2O7FFtlT9ZRML/t54O9ogsGrhs2yatXmwGV2U7+uNwMxoGTYZPzTdR298++tltKZS6TOp4lvdT6fBwBIFTeMlDuMSEGMbGe9bfH7E8eNrNX2OlF9zpKOLmGZ3SqgVFQkM5eo89Hn4nM/F8hqCq1lFCZDXyVPiormypK6I6K1nhJ3hdElKo0//A/xdndZXLzH0kLxHsu2FpdUqjafrVRqjp7Tz+W7ZXXpTP3YqMvnVXbdtXLhk7Pmoztk3HSr3GVE+aIdg8+kpXa2GJf4xduJnILHGUgGPsZIc/pJeOwceX69We+pvkL+8YeRs2z6bpjkPPGC1KheJn+9lBXnStYVKmtHn67IMntdVOHMrfJiUWiBxJDruGuLZYRap8RlnGyiUgG119Ybqdj++sVSkH1d4HkGXSfZxaukUd9aXkW1rCiMXIgxnKqJNU9erSnV11Lp2cVmjQC1PZWaXCxl9R+Kzb5J9r5YmIBaR9Y9X8bN02TFG6phpuoj2Du2OyRbCsp+KVNe1Y+ZcbKPJhi8apT6+kaRvEdk9nguswMAICVdOVLuLs7RZ5plc93PI3Yutp3+d1m9PNAh98A3RwXqRCUgSzqa+DK7vxK/64lAmyViQOMqseX+DxlvBEWCToqrZLS+TpZMrT0mXVbJsEnufTlG+7JH4j2WFoo3S779krk7Jsi9ES7hbPO/L5s2q+Lyuqbfii8YlBv6dZn6qHkMIn0u2ovS26Tg4W9337kbSQoeZyAZ+vwTEkh9qt5ThbwR7PWxst7T4HFSWtckXvePQ9KcFZvklb8u2z0N8qMuhTMDl/a8synk+vzQk2BEqlerSFar6/q3OQIZXSab3SHb3I3yzvNTQgqud2eojC3dIC3e98JSug155VKz3SPNPyqRsREKP8bHqufTG2b5/yLvdN6u2qbbKS/P/zsJ5JZFl3Hzd+QRo9GhNyoefUC+kbB9BgAAiXW95P1zZSDbuf4xyV/4YkgWuMqi3iwV31tkZFFLXqn8U8Et5o+fBGRJRxNXZveVYrtvtpSrhkvDclkQ+nqUi8fEtXK1rDH24yGZlK2q/9ws95XM1lsrfmmY95RU1B0MqeUUWp9Qb4M+8R3J7rYYdbzH0kJxZsm3Z0o1vCU1m0OPy3lp2VsrFXNLZFWj2pHOMmX87EeM9ri/9lmprN7dUdRdvQcVT8k8NcqerUgWTL3N3P/eXrmQgscZSAYthm7uBoDLyzm3pjfq9O+2BZrT96W5sJPWo1pNgU1/zCytxnvJXAgAAHrrS49DG6X/nhC7U/OZy3rnd5rTPko/J4/S7M7fmcs6+1zzHViv2Y3ze5Qp7znN7fvcfHyQvp77OS0v0uNlnGZ/db1WPkrN52kOzwVznS81n3NB4DEx9+mcdrSmVLN12W7HZLNv0o5eaDUfr8R6PeZkK9Vqjp4zH69rPaW5KwoiP9acuj5PLPEey+D7FHqsumPlsfyT5nE8GPGxarLZ12v/x71eK1B/2yo097nQdc9pXmdFjPehQKtwn9I61mjVm5cV4a8vuD9fejSH8Rnq3O6M5zj34Hj5nJrdWD9GOxewmPqMRkIAFUCa6CblXL6Q0++6ZLPqQSoYL+NujNz113bcLCqeiHpWAADAYleJbfxC+VGzR7Z3ygIPZlH73M9Kvu0qc2FQ37Oko4sns7vj9TjDRqnT2ezi2PZz8TS/KqVjQy4dy7hZ8p/fJl799daUq8z+DkYGfK8zyOM9llaK51gOk5zFG8Sz/fWwEQI7Hr9Q/i5vsnkZX4Ps9oTWexoqY4pWdP1cyDixO34sbu82eT7/5pAspHiuXEjF4wxYa5CKPpnzXajrjGPcDQApRBV8tEu2KqyuGmh1z8gTU8YELmtUxd23vykvLVJ1tmxSULNXdpaO7ZK63OZvkheXPSGL678m5e5dsjr/evMeAAAwoJzfK0vHTpY1/gXi9K2XIlu316oBwIAXLYbU0/A3AKS4q2XM7CXiMEb7q5eygmwZYhQs16f24u6q6HqdbHosNOh0UZqrJhmPuyLrXlmsCpuXVso/5xF0AgAgPSUmSxoA0DMEngCkj8HjZYm7uWtqtSqsaRR3bxZ3l6LrV0vWbdnmvEqj3iWNCRm9DwAApKYbZNzEu/VbvzQsXyXVe1o6RkxTWdKul6Ry0ctGYe64Ry8DALTjUjsAAAAAA8vFg1I1vVDKIo5upgSypLes6M0owQAwsHGpHQAAAAAocWVJAwDiQcYTAAAAAAAA+oSMJwAAAAAAACQVgScAAAAAAABYgsATAAAAAAAALEHgCQAAAAAAAJYg8AQAAAAAAABLEHgCAAAAAACAJQg8AQAAAAAAwBIEngAAAAAAAGAJAk8AAAAAAACwBIEnAAAAAAAAWILAEwAAAAAAACxB4AkAAAAAAACWIPAEAAAAAAAASxB4AgAAAAAAgCUIPAEAAAAAAMASBJ4AAAAAAABgCQJPAAAAAAAAsASBJwAAAAAAAFiCwBMAAAAAAAAsQeAJAAAAAAAAliDwBAAAAAAAAEsQeAIAAAAAAIAlCDwBAAAAAADAEgSeAAAAAAAAYAkCTwAAAAAAALAEgScAAAAAAABYgsATAAAAAAAALEHgCQAAAAAAAJYg8AQAAAAAAABLEHgCAAAAAACAJQg8AQAAAAAAwBIEngAAAAAAAGAJAk8AAAAAAACwBIEnAAAAAAAAWILAEwAAAAAAACxB4AkAAAAAAACWIPAEAAAAAAAASxB4AgAAAAAAgCUIPAEAAAAAAMASBJ4AAAAAAABgCQJPAAAAAAAAsASBJwAAAAAAAFiCwBMAAAAAAAAsQeAJAAAAAAAAliDwBAAAAAAAAEsQeAIAAAAAAIAlCDwBAAAAAADAEgSeAAAAAAAAYIlBms6cDzNo0CBzDgAAAAAAAIgtUogpauAJAAAAAAAA6AsutQMAAAAAAIAlCDwBAAAAAADAEgSeAAAAAAAAYAkCTwAAAAAAALAEgScAAAAAAABYQOT/A4YX8hnp8GJeAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" width="657" height="313"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain how the catalyst increases the rate of the reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Solid copper(II) chloride absorbs moisture from the atmosphere to form a hydrate of formula CuCl<sub>2</sub>•<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>H<sub>2</sub>O.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A student heated a sample of hydrated copper(II) chloride, in order to determine the value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>. The following results were obtained:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Mass of crucible = 16.221 g<br>Initial mass of crucible and hydrated copper(II) chloride = 18.360 g<br>Final mass of crucible and anhydrous copper(II) chloride = 17.917 g</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the value of <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math></em>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State how current is conducted through the wires and through the electrolyte.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Wires: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Electrolyte:</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write the half-equation for the formation of gas bubbles at electrode 1.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bubbles of gas were also observed at another electrode. Identify the electrode and the gas.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Electrode number (on diagram):</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Name of gas: </span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the half-equation for the formation of the gas identified in (c)(iii).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy of solution of copper(II) chloride, using data from sections 18 and 20 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The enthalpy of hydration of the copper(II) ion is −2161 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the cell potential at 298 K for the disproportionation reaction, in V, using section 24 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Comment on the spontaneity of the disproportionation reaction at 298 K.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>θ</sup>, to two significant figures, for the disproportionation at 298 K. Use your answer from (e)(i) and sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest, giving a reason, whether the entropy of the system increases or decreases during the disproportionation.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce, giving a reason, the sign of the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, for the disproportionation reaction at 298 K.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving a reason, the effect of increasing temperature on the stability of copper(I) chloride solution.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe how the blue colour is produced in the Cu(II) solution. Refer to section 17 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce why the Cu(I) solution is colourless.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">When excess ammonia is added to copper(II) chloride solution, the dark blue complex ion, [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, forms.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the molecular geometry of this complex ion, and the bond angles within it.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Molecular geometry:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bond angles: </span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Examine the relationship between the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis definitions of a base, referring to the ligands in the complex ion [CuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Properties of elements and their compounds can be related to the position of the elements in the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the radius of the sodium ion, Na<sup>+</sup>, is smaller than the radius of the oxide ion, O<sup>2−</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch a graph to show the relative values of the successive ionization energies of boron.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving your reasons, whether Mn<sup>2+</sup> or Fe<sup>2+</sup> is likely to have a more exothermic enthalpy of hydration.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">This question is about sodium and its compounds.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The Born-Haber cycle for sodium oxide is shown (not to scale).</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/3d.PNG" alt width="391" height="427"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium peroxide is used in diving apparatus to produce oxygen from carbon dioxide.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (s) + 2CO<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (s) + O<sub>2</sub> (g)</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Plot the relative values of the first four ionization energies of sodium.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why the alkali metals (group 1) have similar chemical properties.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe the structure and bonding in solid sodium oxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate values for the following changes using section 8 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>ΔH<sub>atomisation</sub> (Na) = 107 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup><br>ΔH<sub>atomisation</sub> (O) = 249 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span></span>O<sub>2</sub>(g) <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">→ </span>O<sup>2- </sup>(g):</p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Na (s) → Na<sup>+</sup> (g):</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The standard enthalpy of formation of sodium oxide is −414 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>. Determine the lattice enthalpy of sodium oxide, in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, using section 8 of the data booklet and your answers to (d)(i).</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>(If you did not get answers to (d)(i), use +850 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and +600 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> respectively, but these are not the correct answers.)</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Justify why K<sub>2</sub>O has a lower lattice enthalpy (absolute value) than Na<sub>2</sub>O.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write equations for the separate reactions of solid sodium oxide and solid phosphorus(V) oxide with excess water and differentiate between the solutions formed.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium oxide, Na<sub>2</sub>O:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Phosphorus(V) oxide, P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Differentiation:</span></span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium peroxide, Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, is formed by the reaction of sodium oxide with oxygen.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2Na<sub>2</sub>O (s) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (s)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the percentage yield of sodium peroxide if 5.00g of sodium oxide produces 5.50g of sodium peroxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy change, <em>ΔH</em>, in kJ, for this reaction using data from the table and section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:90px;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why bond enthalpy values are not valid in calculations such as that in (g)(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An allotrope of molecular oxygen is ozone. Compare, giving a reason, the bond enthalpies of the O to O bonds in O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why a real gas differs from ideal behaviour at low temperature and high pressure.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The reaction of sodium peroxide with excess water produces hydrogen peroxide and one other sodium compound. Suggest the formula of this compound.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">j.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the oxidation number of carbon in sodium carbonate, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">k.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>White phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus and exists as P<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>An equilibrium exists between PCl<sub>3</sub> and PCl<sub>5</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">PCl<sub>3 </sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> PCl<sub>5 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the P<sub>4</sub> molecule, containing only single bonds.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write an equation for the reaction of white phosphorus (P<sub>4</sub>) with chlorine gas to form phosphorus trichloride (PCl<sub>3</sub>).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the electron domain and molecular geometry using VSEPR theory, and estimate the Cl–P–Cl bond angle in PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the reason why PCl<sub>5</sub> is a non-polar molecule, while PCl<sub>4</sub>F is polar.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard enthalpy change (Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup>) for the forward reaction in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup><sub>f</sub> PCl<sub>3 </sub>(g) = −306.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup><sub>f</sub> PCl<sub>5 </sub>(g) = −398.9 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the entropy change, Δ<em>S</em>, in J K<sup>−1 </sup>mol<sup>−1</sup>, for this reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"> </p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>Chemistry 2e, Chpt. 21 Nuclear Chemistry, Appendix G: Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/g-standard-thermodynamic-properties-for- selectedsubstances# page_667adccf-f900-4d86-a13d-409c014086ea © 1999-2021, Rice University. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.</em></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the Gibbs free energy change (Δ<em>G</em>), in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, for this reaction at 25 °C. Use section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>If you did not obtain an answer in c(i) or c(ii) use −87.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and −150.5 J mol<sup>−1 </sup>K<sup>−1</sup> respectively, but these are not the correct answers.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em>, for this reaction at 25 °C, referring to section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>If you did not obtain an answer in (c)(iii), use Δ<em>G</em> = –43.5 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, but this is not the correct answer.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equilibrium constant expression,<em> K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, with a reason, the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of this equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(vi).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A molecule of citric acid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, is shown.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="215" height="123"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The equation for the first dissociation of citric acid in water is</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
</math></span> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>−</sup> (aq) + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq)</span></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify a conjugate acid–base pair in the equation.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The value of <em>K</em><sub>a</sub> at 298 K for the first dissociation is 5.01 × 10<sup>−4</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State, giving a reason, the strength of citric acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The dissociation of citric acid is an endothermic process. State the effect on the hydrogen ion concentration, [H<sup>+</sup>], and on K<sub>a</sub>, of increasing the temperature.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta {G^\theta }"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msup><mi>G</mi><mtext>θ</mtext></msup></math>, in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, for the first dissociation of citric acid at 298 K, using section 1 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Comment on the spontaneity of the reaction at 298 K.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline <strong>two</strong> laboratory methods of distinguishing between solutions of citric acid and hydrochloric acid of equal concentration, stating the expected observations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The thermal decomposition of dinitrogen monoxide occurs according to the equation:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2N<sub>2</sub>O (g) → 2N<sub>2</sub> (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The reaction can be followed by measuring the change in total pressure, at constant temperature, with time.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The <em>x</em>-axis and <em>y</em>-axis are shown with arbitrary units.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/2.PNG" alt width="564" height="283"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">This decomposition obeys the rate expression:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" - \frac{{d[{{\text{N}}_2}{\text{O]}}}}{{dt}}">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>N</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>O]</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> = <em>k</em>[N<sub>2</sub>O]</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why, as the reaction proceeds, the pressure increases by the amount shown.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline, in terms of collision theory, how a decrease in pressure would affect the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce how the rate of reaction at <em>t</em> = 2 would compare to the initial rate.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">It has been suggested that the reaction occurs as a two-step process:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 1: N<sub>2</sub>O (g) → N<sub>2</sub> (g) + O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 2: N<sub>2</sub>O (g) + O (g) → N<sub>2</sub> (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain how this could support the observed rate expression.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The experiment is repeated using the same amount of dinitrogen monoxide in the same apparatus, but at a lower temperature.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sketch, on the axes in question 2, the graph that you would expect.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The experiment gave an error in the rate because the pressure gauge was inaccurate.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline whether repeating the experiment, using the same apparatus, and averaging the results would reduce the error.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The graph below shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies at a particular temperature.</span></p>
<p><img src="images/2f.PNG" alt width="637" height="309"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The rate at which dinitrogen monoxide decomposes is significantly increased by a metal oxide catalyst.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Annotate and use the graph to outline why a catalyst has this effect.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the standard entropy change, in J K−1, for the decomposition of dinitrogen monoxide. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2N<sub>2</sub>O (g) → 2N<sub>2</sub> (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/2gi.PNG" alt width="325" height="154"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Dinitrogen monoxide has a positive standard enthalpy of formation, Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub></span><sup>θ</sup><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce, giving reasons, whether altering the temperature would change the </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">spontaneity of the <strong>decomposition</strong> reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This reaction is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">2SO<sub>2</sub> (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
</math></span> 2SO<sub>3</sub> (g) <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = 280 at 1000 K</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State why this equilibrium reaction is considered homogeneous.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving your reason, the sign of the standard entropy change of the forward reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>Θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction at 1000 K. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving your reasons, whether the forward reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Use your answers to (b) and (c).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>0.200 mol sulfur dioxide, 0.300 mol oxygen and 0.500 mol sulfur trioxide were mixed in a 1.00 dm<sup>3</sup> flask at 1000 K.</p>
<p>Predict the direction of the reaction showing your working.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Hydrogen peroxide can react with methane and oxygen to form methanol. This reaction can occur below 50°C if a gold nanoparticle catalyst is used.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Now consider the second stage of the reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CO (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub> (g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CH<sub>3</sub>OH (l) Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup> = –129 kJ</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Hydrogen peroxide can react with methane and oxygen to form methanol. This reaction can occur below 50°C if a gold nanoparticle catalyst is used.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Methanol is usually manufactured from methane in a two-stage process.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g)<br>CO (g) + 2H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CH<sub>3</sub>OH (l)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Consider the first stage of the reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The diagram shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve for the uncatalyzed reaction.</p>
<p>Draw a distribution curve at a lower temperature (T<sub>2</sub>) <strong>and</strong> show on the diagram how the addition of a catalyst enables the reaction to take place more rapidly than at T<sub>1</sub>.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="486" height="385"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The hydrogen peroxide could cause further oxidation of the methanol. Suggest a possible oxidation product.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the overall equation for the production of methanol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>8.00 g of methane is completely converted to methanol. Calculate, to three significant figures, the final volume of hydrogen at STP, in dm<sup>3</sup>. Use sections 2 and 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ. Use section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>Bond enthalpy of CO = 1077 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>one</strong> reason why you would expect the value of Δ<em>H</em> calculated from the <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mi>f</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">⦵</mi></msubsup></math> values, given in section 12 of data booklet, to differ from your answer to (d)(i).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the expression for <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> for this stage of the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the value of <em>K<sub>c</sub></em>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, has a value of 1.01 at 298 K.</p>
<p>Calculate Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup>, in kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>, for this reaction. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate a value for the entropy change, Δ<em>S</em><sup>⦵</sup>, in J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup> at 298 K. Use your answers to (e)(i) and section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>If you did not get answers to (e)(i) use –1 kJ, but this is not the correct answer.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify the sign of Δ<em>S</em> with reference to the equation.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving a reason, how a change in temperature from 298 K to 273 K would affect the spontaneity of the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia is produced by the Haber–Bosch process which involves the equilibrium:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 3 H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2 NH<sub>3 </sub>(g)</p>
<p>The percentage of ammonia at equilibrium under various conditions is shown:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><sup>[The Haber Bosch Process [graph] Available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ammonia_yield.png</sup><br><sup>[Accessed: 16/07/2022].]</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>One factor affecting the position of equilibrium is the enthalpy change of the reaction.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The standard free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>⦵</sup>, for the Haber–Bosch process is –33.0 kJ at 298 K.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the expression for the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this equation.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how the use of a catalyst affects the position of the equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>With reference to the reaction quotient, Q, explain why the percentage yield increases as the pressure is increased at constant temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, for the Haber–Bosch process, in kJ. Use Section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why the value obtained in (b)(i) might differ from a value calculated using Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> data.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Demonstrate that your answer to (b)(i) is consistent with the effect of an increase in temperature on the percentage yield, as shown in the graph.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, giving a reason, whether the reaction is spontaneous or not at 298 K.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em>, at 298 K. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the entropy change for the Haber–Bosch process, in J mol<sup>–1 </sup>K<sup>–1</sup> at 298 K. Use your answer to (b)(i) and section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, with reference to the reaction equation, why this sign for the entropy change is expected.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, has a wide variety of uses including the removal of ice from aircraft and heat transfer in a solar cell.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Calculate Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this similar reaction below using <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta H_{\rm{f}}^\theta ">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span> data from section 12 of the data booklet. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta H_{\rm{f}}^\theta ">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span> of HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH(l) is –454.8kJmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
<p>2CO (g) + 3H<sub>2</sub> (g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l)</p>
<p>(ii) Deduce why the answers to (a)(iii) and (b)(i) differ.</p>
<p>(iii) Δ<em>S</em><sup>θ</sup> for the reaction in (b)(i) is –620.1JK<sup>-1</sup>. Comment on the decrease in entropy.</p>
<p>(iv) Calculate the value of ΔG<sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction at 298 K using your answer to (b)(i). (If you did not obtain an answer to (b)(i), use –244.0 kJ, but this is not the correct value.)</p>
<p>(v) Comment on the statement that the reaction becomes less spontaneous as temperature is increased.</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the <sup>1</sup>HNMR data for ethanedioic acid and ethane-1,2-diol by completing the table.</p>
<p><img 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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>