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<h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The following shows some compounds which can be made from ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ethene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the type of reaction which converts ethene into C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the reaction of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O compound, showing structural formulas.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of the organic product in (b).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy of combustion of the organic product in (b), in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, using data from section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the reagents and conditions for the conversion of the compound C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, produced in (b), into C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why the compound C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, produced in (b), has a higher boiling point than compound C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O, produced in d(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethene is often polymerized. Draw a section of the resulting polymer, showing two repeating units.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«electrophilic» addition ✔ </span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> NOTE: Do <strong>not</strong> accept “nucleophilic addition” or “free radical addition”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “halogenation”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl (g) + OH<sup>−</sup> (aq) → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (aq) + Cl<sup>−</sup> (aq)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl (g) + NaOH (aq) → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (aq) + NaCl (aq) ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O (g) + 3O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O (g)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (g) + 3O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O (g) ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>bonds broken:</em><br>5(C–H) + C–C + C–O + O–H + 3(O=O)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>5(414«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») + 346«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» + 358«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» + 463«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» + 3(498«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») / 4731 «kJ» ✔</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br><em>bonds formed:</em><br>4(C=O) + 6(O–H)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>4(804«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») + 6(463«kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») / 5994 «kJ» ✔<br>«<em>ΔH</em> = bonds broken − bonds formed = 4731 − 5994 =» −1263 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup>/«potassium» dichromate «(VI)» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>acidified/H<sup>+</sup><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«acidified potassium» manganate(VII) / «H<sup>+</sup>» KMnO<sub>4</sub> / «H<sup>+</sup>» MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>NOTE: Accept “H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>” or “H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>” for “H<sup>+</sup>”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “HCl”.<br>Accept “permanganate” for “manganate(VII)”.</em><br></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">distil ✔</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O/ethanol: hydrogen-bonding <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O/ethanal: no hydrogen-bonding/«only» dipole–dipole forces ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">hydrogen bonding stronger «than dipole–dipole» ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="238" height="139"></p>
<p><em>NOTE: <em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Continuation bonds must be shown.<br>Ignore square brackets and “n”.</span></em></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, has a wide variety of uses including the removal of ice from aircraft and heat transfer in a solar cell.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be formed according to the following reaction.</p>
<p>2CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (g)</p>
<p>(i) Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii) State how increasing the pressure of the reaction mixture at constant temperature will affect the position of equilibrium and the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<p>Position of equilibrium:</p>
<p><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction using section 11 of the data booklet. The bond enthalpy of the carbon–oxygen bond in CO (g) is 1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iv) The enthalpy change, ΔH<sup>θ</sup>, for the following similar reaction is –233.8 kJ.</p>
<p>2CO(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l)</p>
<p>Deduce why this value differs from your answer to (a)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[7]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the average oxidation state of carbon in ethene and in ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<p>Ethene:</p>
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the boiling point of ethane-1,2-diol is significantly greater than that of ethene.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be oxidized first to ethanedioic acid, (COOH)<sub>2</sub>, and then to carbon dioxide and water. Suggest the reagents to oxidize ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i)<br><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\ll {K_{\text{C}}} = \gg \frac{{\left[ {{\text{HOC}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{OH}}} \right]}}{{{{\left[ {{\text{CO}}} \right]}^{\text{2}}} \times {{\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right]}^{\text{3}}}}}">
<mo>≪</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>=≫</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>HOC</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>OH</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>CO</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>3</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii)<br><em>Position of equilibrium:</em> moves to right <em><strong>OR</strong></em> favours product<br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>: no change <em><strong>OR</strong></em> is a constant at constant temperature</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii)<br><em>Bonds broken:</em> 2C≡O + 3(H-H) / 2(1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 3(436kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) / 3462 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>Bonds formed:</em> 2(C-O) + 2(O-H) + 4(C-H) + (C-C) / 2(358kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 2(463kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 4(414kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 346kJmol<sup>-1</sup> / 3644 «kJ»</p>
<p>«Enthalpy change = bonds broken - bonds formed = 3462 kJ - 3644 kJ =» -182 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for «+»182 «kJ».</em></p>
<p><br>(iv)<br>in (a)(iii) gas is formed and in (a)(iv) liquid is formed<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>products are in different states<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>conversion of gas to liquid is exothermic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>conversion of liquid to gas is endothermic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>enthalpy of vapourisation needs to be taken into account</p>
<p><em>Accept product is «now» a liquid.</em><br><em>Accept answers referring to bond enthalpies being means/averages.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Ethene:</em> –2</p>
<p><em>Ethane-1,2-diol:</em> –1</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept 2–, 1– respectively.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethane-1,2-diol can hydrogen bond to other molecules «and ethene cannot»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>ethane-1,2-diol has «significantly» greater van der Waals forces</p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.<br>Award <strong>[0]</strong> if answer implies covalent bonds are broken</em></p>
<p>hydrogen bonding is «significantly» stronger than other intermolecular forces</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>acidified «potassium» dichromate«(VI)»/H<sup>+</sup> <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/H<sup>+</sup> <em><strong>AND </strong></em>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2- </sup></p>
<p><em><strong>OR </strong></em></p>
<p>«acidified potassium» manganate(VII)/ «H<sup>+</sup>» KMnO<sub>4</sub> /«H<sup>+</sup>» MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></p>
<p><em>Accept Accept H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> or H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for H<sup>+</sup>.</em><br><em>Accept “permanganate” for “manganate(VII)”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, and ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Under certain conditions, ethyne can be converted to benzene.</p>
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>ϴ</sup><em>, </em>for the reaction stated, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p> 3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup><em>, </em>for the following similar reaction, using Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> values in section 12 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(l)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, giving two reasons, the difference in the values for (b)(i) and (ii). If you did not obtain answers, use −475 kJ for (i) and −600 kJ for (ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One possible Lewis structure for benzene is shown.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_15.01.32.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/03.c"></p>
<p>State one piece of physical evidence that this structure is <strong>incorrect</strong>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the characteristic reaction mechanism of benzene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>nickel/Ni <strong>«</strong>catalyst<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>high pressure</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>heat</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept these other catalysts: Pt, Pd, </em><em>I</em><em>r, </em><em>Rh, Co, Ti.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “high temperature” or a stated </em><em>temperature such as “150 °</em><em>C”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_14.47.44.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/03.a.ii/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Ignore square brackets and “n”.</em></p>
<p><em>Connecting line at end of carbons </em><em>must be shown.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sup>ϴ</sup> = bonds broken – bonds formed</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>Δ<em>H</em><sup>ϴ</sup> = 3(C≡C) – 6(C=C)<sub>benzene</sub>/3 × 839 – 6 × 507 / 2517 – 3042 =<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>–525 <strong>«</strong>kJ<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for +525 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>kJ</em><strong><em>»</em></strong></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for:</em></p>
<p><strong><em>«</em></strong>Δ<em>H</em><sup>ϴ</sup><em> =</em><em> </em><em>3(C≡</em><em>C) –</em><em> </em><em>3(C</em><em>–</em><em>C) –</em><em> </em><em>3(C</em><em>=</em><em>C) / </em><em>3 ×</em><em> </em><em>839 –</em><em> </em><em>3 ×</em><em> </em><em>346 –</em><em> </em><em>3 ×</em><em> </em><em>614 / 2517 </em><em>– </em><em>2880 =</em><strong><em>» </em></strong><em>–</em><em>363 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>kJ</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = ΣΔ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub>(products) – ΣΔ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub>(reactants)</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = 49 kJ – 3 × 228 kJ =<strong>» –</strong>635 <strong>«</strong>kJ<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for “+635 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>kJ</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> values are specific to the compound</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>bond enthalpy values are averages <strong>«</strong>from many different compounds<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>condensation from gas to liquid is exothermic</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “benzene is in two different </em><em>states </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>one liquid the other gas</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>“ </em><em>for M2.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>equal C–C bond <strong>«</strong>lengths/strengths<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>regular hexagon</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>all<strong>» </strong>C–C have<strong>» </strong>bond order of 1.5</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>all<strong>» </strong>C–C intermediate between single and double bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “all C</em><em>–</em><em>C–C bond angles are </em><em>equal”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>electrophilic substitution</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>S<sub>E</sub></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a reactive metal often found in alloys.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Organomagnesium compounds can react with carbonyl compounds. One overall equation is:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Compound B can also be prepared by reacting an alkene with water.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iodomethane is used to prepare CH<sub>3</sub>Mg<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math>. It can also be converted into methanol:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>3</sub><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math> + HO<sup>–</sup> → CH<sub>3</sub>OH + <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math><sup>–</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium can be produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride.</p>
<p>Write the half-equation for the formation of magnesium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest an experiment that shows that magnesium is more reactive than zinc, giving the observation that would confirm this.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the name of Compound A, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the strongest force between the molecules of Compound B.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structural formula of the alkene required.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the repeating unit of the polymer formed from this alkene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the requirements for a collision between reactants to yield products.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The polarity of the carbon–halogen bond, C–X, facilitates attack by HO<sup>–</sup>.</p>
<p>Outline, giving a reason, how the bond polarity changes going down group 17.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mg<sup>2+</sup> + 2 e<sup>-</sup> → Mg ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize missing charge on electron.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept equation with equilibrium arrows.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>Alternative 1</strong></em></p>
<p>put Mg in Zn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) ✔</p>
<p>Zn/«black» layer forms «on surface of Mg» ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for “no reaction when Zn placed in Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq)”.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>Alternative 2</strong></em></p>
<p>place both metals in acid ✔</p>
<p>bubbles evolve more rapidly from Mg<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Mg dissolves faster ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>Alternative 3</strong></em></p>
<p>construct a cell with Mg and Zn electrodes ✔</p>
<p>bulb lights up<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>shows (+) voltage<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>size/mass of Mg(s) decreases «over time»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>size/mass of Zn increases «over time»</p>
<p><em><br></em><em>Accept “electrons flow from Mg to Zn”. </em></p>
<p><em>Accept Mg is negative electrode/anode </em><br><em><strong>OR</strong> </em><br><em>Zn is positive electrode/cathode</em></p>
<p><em><br>Accept other correct methods.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>propanone ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept 2-propanone and propan-2-one.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen bonds ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize missing brackets or n.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award mark if continuation bonds are not shown.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>no change «in colour/appearance/solution» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«nucleophilic» substitution<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>SN2 ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “hydrolysis”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept SN1</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>energy/E ≥ activation energy/E<sub>a</sub> ✔</p>
<p>correct orientation «of reacting particles»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>correct geometry «of reacting particles» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>decreases/less polar <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>electronegativity «of the halogen» decreases ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “decreases” <strong>AND</strong> a correct comparison of the electronegativity of two halogens.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “decreases” <strong>AND</strong> “attraction for valence electrons decreases”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Unfortunately, only 40% of the students could write this quite straightforward half equation.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates gained some credit by suggesting voltaic cell or a displacement reaction, but most could not gain the second mark and the reason was often a failure to be able to differentiate between "what occurs" and "what is observed".</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Even though superfluous numbers (2-propanone, propan-2-one) were overlooked, only about half of the students could correctly name this simple molecule.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Probably just over half the students correctly identified hydrogen bonding, with dipole-dipole being the most common wrong answer, though a significant number identified an intramolecular bond.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Few candidates could correctly eliminate water to deduce the identity of the required reactant.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Correct answers to this were very scarce and even when candidates had an incorrect alkene for the previous part, they were unable to score an ECF mark, by deducing the formula of the polymer it would produce.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Some students deduced that, as it was a tertiary alcohol, there would be no reaction, but almost all were lucky that this was accepted as well as the correct <em>observation</em> - "it would remain orange".</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About a quarter of the students identified this as a substitution reaction, though quite a number then lost the mark by incorrectly stating it was either "free radical" or "electrophilic". A very common wrong answer was "displacement" or "single displacement" and this makes one wonder whether this terminology is being taught instead of substitution</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Generally well done with the vast majority of students correctly citing "correct orientation" and many only failed to gain the second mark through failing to equate the energy required to the activation energy.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another question that was not well answered with probably only a quarter of candidates stating that the polarity would decrease because of decreasing electronegativity down the group.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about carbon and chlorine compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, reacts with chlorine in sunlight. State the type of this reaction and the name of the mechanism by which it occurs.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate equations for the two propagation steps and one termination step in the formation of chloroethane from ethane.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One possible product, <strong>X</strong>, of the reaction of ethane with chlorine has the following composition by mass:</p>
<p>carbon: 24.27%, hydrogen: 4.08%, chlorine: 71.65%</p>
<p>Determine the empirical formula of the product.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass and <sup>1</sup>H<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>NMR spectra of product <strong>X</strong> are shown below. Deduce, giving your reasons, its structural formula and hence the name of the compound.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAf8AAALLCAYAAAD38ouYAAAgAElEQVR4AezdCVhU5f4H8O+MQ1qy2IIFYZEbCqllmsvFBDWwbDOXlNS8ehWTck3MssQyTVvMXXGpzNSkNPOPuS9pLtGiKCBuYbF0w6uxmJrDnP9zZoEzw8wAw8xwDvPleXjmbO973vfzOzO/M2cblSAIAvhHAQpQgAIUoIDHCKg9pqfsKAUoQAEKUIACegEmf24IFKAABShAAQ8TKJ/8dbuxqocXVCoVVIGvYXGBzgpJIU4va1rBMlaKecqkon3Y+tLTGHvqmqf0mP2kAAUoQAEFCZRP/qbGd45AeP7/IenoJdOUslddCr5bcRmdOtUtm8Yho4AWhUdm4D+L6kJLEwpQgAIUoIAMBWwnf+8ueGL0BRzclYo8i4brTm/E9E4fYHxnJn8LGo5SgAIUoAAFZC9gO/mjER55rD0wdyc2mR36L8SZvUfQ9In2uN2ye7o0HF3THy8EqgynBFSBaDhhBRanFZQtWbQPOxZEIlI8raD/j0bkgh3YV2Q6vZCHU1vjEN/FeOrBWh1ltRmHKihTsBjxXl4IXLITh2aFIVC/XrFtnyIp+x+z2nQ567BqXKDt9otL69KQsqSsD15DPsT8dLGPWhTu7IkWUbuRhyQsbnkzvOL3oMC4/oYTPsTsgd76ur3iP0PSK37lT60ULMbkQJW+XB50KNzZA4Gq3ui/Zk1pWZUqGpFLjuD3v/Zh+1um/rRC2KyDSDMxmk7fRK/CPtM0s55yhAIUoAAFPFXATvKvA98Oz2I8TiMtT5IgxUP+M3ugXwfL1J+NH9/tifAdXdEz5TrEOwiFkm1Yp34TcS+tQlKxmIGy8eOCweiVMhRTC0v0y5Rk90LHdU8hZv1paKFF8dGJGPH0NVxZdtG8jglf2UhilSuj8tcib/QEjMAy7CwRIBR+hsW6Keg/eJGxbYAuOwEjghPwwZ0bcFJcRvgJ3zVbgLEPTEGCaSdBl4KN/+6Ahzd0Qtf0vyAIuTjR6VNMbCMuo4Pvo9twakd3BKAfRmdcxY053eAHQFx//vo0/PZGDoSSU9g5IKz8zpPNrfBrJK1Mx9U3cyAIxcjZrgFGd8I9oR/j0x678JtwA0Vp3fDQm8MR89UFw+kGdXcM23UDwvZhiLATZZur5AwKUIACFKi9AuJ9/mZ/JbuEld01AqJWCntL/hB2jb9NCEjMEG4YFyrJGC0EvbxL+J9wVtg90VdAwBRh0V8lgvDXImGSppUQsT3fvLqM0UIU+gmjM64KQskuYUVkXbP6zBYWCoTMpU2M6zafY3usEmX+WiTEB0DQDPtKOF4iqcmszcb+6PstWcbYT82k3UKuIAhi/6PwkHk/9fVojP26IRTs6C4EmPosVmVav7EOQ+0WfqZVmi1bYqzL3vqMBY1xM7XTVB1fKUABClCAApYCFXwn9Ef7xx5E/heHcFB/6Nh0yL8NbrPcH/IbjTk3UrG300l8nZCAhIQErF8Qie4tF2OHaVl1CNr08EfetI8x47uvkfB1BvJN8/SvtyDwgYcRsWMxpm/Yh68T/k9yOsBsQclI5coI+Rr4dwxFqLTHPiFo0TVDf11DQcF2bF9bCE2bYIRIl4E/gpr5Q7tmFzYV/I2z+7djBxoj9B7vsjbo+34DuSNaQFM2lUMUoAAFKEABWQqYpbnyLVTD9+FnMX5/MpJOXwN0KdiztD9Gdy6X+gHk4dSSNgj0jUTv/VeR36gRTv1vIhYdjkUUziP9t2IAQWj32g9IX3wz7t44GtN7h6Kh2Tl9Dbw7rMaWkyMQmz8d86Y/iUjfOlBFTkbc1lMWOwqm1jpSxlTW8Ko9noVs43lx7XvdjdcEmK5J8EPIqHPmBdw+ZrGz4fb1c4UUoAAFKFCbBCpI/gD8ohH98j5sOpAF7elvsGLU0+jtXb6Y7tQMjB2tg/+GLNzYOxuLhg9HQkJPBBWdxQkzsQC0fCYBIz7KNZy//n4kJuaNQ9yjs43PFNDAOywWA17ei72CgJLfN2BD5P9hU69B6L/jollNZSOOlJGUbhOMIDUgHh0ISMzADfF6Bcv/3JkY7ceb98rUOEQBClCAAkoVKJ/Fy/XkXuOh/+1ISs5Ex8hgK4e2S1D8eyZOoCXCW90pmX8dRZcLy9VYNqE+AjtPxYvDOiIg76z5hYXGhdRB/dBvbBwGaY4j88LFSt07b1lG/FKvv+DuTK750YOiTJza3xLhPVrDzy8aPcfegvwj6Ug3HgUwNCEbP85sBJX+qnlfNO0aLTmSYWyk2ZX1lSDVFzOcTjDWwBcKUIACFKCA2wQqkak0hkP/B1dj7KHn0K95PSuNq6NfZpBmE5JWfme83ewKcr9/Ca+NSyl7ToBuN1Z2q4eG4pX7plv7ivZjR3I68ocNQGxzGJ4cGPkaEjJMtwfmIfPbjTiMERj5WGPJjoWpGcanDdopY+qk9r3ZiFlvPH1QvBUrRsVj7pAEzOtxB4AmiBg3HkNWT8HA2aZb5vKQuX4oJr3eBv3eelZ/1by6eSziJ+Zi36xFWJwj3gVxBbm7PsRnu6ONy6jh3SgErfTNK0FhfiHM9iVMzYZxRyJvCxatSzPslBTtxpfTZmCO5YMVSstwgAIUoAAFKFB9AVNetF+TeOh/dBY0PTsh3FYJvxcw7ruXMfRIL9xfRzxf3hGP7u6BZ7+Yikka462C6u749+rPsKjBm4gRz+WL99v7jsO02+Zh7fQn0FpdD81HbMaR4Wfxa/cGpffa3781Gt33T8XUoJustNO3UmX0F/yN743Y033QRlyvz2TMbZmEnR89g9bGPqmDpmLesbEY99/+xj4EQlx31+8TsbZDA8O61a3Rfc5O/NB/H5KC6kKl8sbds+5H68Nlyxh2EA5icUtv+A36EhnWsz/ULaZi/pZWaPdWazQU2/TUDhzouwSJ3Z1w2aDZ0QgrbJxEAQpQgAIeK6ASL/+v9b0XH7Jzx1isWXwCv/GK/FofbnaQAhSgAAXsC9j6Hm+/FOdSgAIUoAAFKKBYASZ/xYaODacABShAAQo4JuAZh/0ds2EpClCAAhSgQK0U4Df/WhlWdooCFKAABShgW4DJ37YN51CAAhSgAAVqpQCTf60MKztFAQpQgAIUsC3A5G/bhnMoQAEKUIACtVKAyb9WhpWdogAFKEABCtgWYPK3bVNjc8QnH/KPAhSgAAUo4CoBJn9XybJeClCAAhSggEwFmPxlGhg2iwIUoAAFKOAqASZ/V8myXgpQgAIUoIBMBZj8ZRoYNosCFKAABSjgKgEmf1fJsl4KUIACFKCATAWY/GUaGDaLAhSgAAUo4CoBJn9XybJeClCAAhSggEwFPDz5a1F8NAZdvKZgcYHOPES6NKQsiUSkSgXxvnuVKhqRCzYhKfsfyXJXkHt4AuK7eBmXCUTDCUsx4/tcaCVLcZACFKAABSggJwEPTv5aFKe9hoQJyTjob/lQnSvI+fLf6Ly2PVofzsENQUBJ9kA8eWgwYuYfRJ4xgrrs9/DGI6lIiTmAkyUChJKd+MZ/AaZHLECi5c6EnKLOtlCAAhSggEcLeGby13+r74kOXz2G54b4l98AdEewbWkq/IcMwwcdA6EBoL57KMZNewFd5+7EJn1iL8TZ5DVY1S0G02I7IkyUVIeh4+T5WPJAIpKOXipfL6dQgAIUoAAFZCDggcm/EJnL+6DX+XhsmNoJftaCUJSJzAPNEXLvHfrEb1pEHRCGtkg2JvZ8ZJ/Jh6ZNMEKkiupgNO6qxcFdqaVHCEzl+UoBClCAAhSQg4A0bcmhPW5owy0IDN+OtPeiEKaWnr8vW7UuLw3HtTeVTTAbykDmhYvQ6bKQdexvsznSEe3xLGRaXEYgnc9hClDAvgB/48K+D+dSoDoCHpj8NfAJuxdWDvYbHbUo/j0TJypSFY8OpDt+WZ/hIkLTxYTmrxWtmvMpQAEKUIAC1REQT2fzrwYEBEGwuVZ+47FJwxkUoAAFKOAEAQ/85l+RmgbejULQqqLFfEIQEsp9p4qYOJ8CFKAABeQnwORvJSbihX1tNNavBwBa6i8EVKuDEfzALVZKGyaVuxDQ5pKcQQEKUIACFHCvAJO/NW/xW32X0/oL+6Rn9Q0XArZA6D3eAPwR1Mwf5S7s02Xh15+vw79ZoJ3rCqytlNMoQAEKUIAC7hFg8rfmrO6InqNaI3/0exibXqBfQpfzCT6a/in2TBqFqS3qAfBF016DMGzPbMQlnkC+uJQuDUdmj8GoA+MxtX9zs9sEra2G0yhAAQpQgAI1IcDkb1W9Pu5+bA6SPzyP9LAG+kf31gn6ACtbfoy1Y8IRYCyjDorFpM090OvztmgoPgK4zv3okjEUr+9/GSP9SGuVlhMpQAEKUKDGBVSCvcvOa7x5ntkA8Wp/hsUzY89elwnwfVBmwSEKOFuAX0+dLcr6KEABClCAAjIXYPKXeYDYPApQgAIUoICzBZj8nS3K+ihAAQpQgAIyF2Dyl3mA2DwKUIACFKCAswWY/J0tyvooQAEKUIACMhdg8pd5gNg8ClCAAhSggLMFmPydLcr6KEABClCAAjIXYPKXeYDYPApQgAIUoICzBZj8nS3K+ihAAQpQgAIyF2Dyl3mA2DwKUIACFKCAswWY/J0tyvooQAEKUIACMhdg8pd5gNg8ClCAAhSggLMFmPydLcr6KEABClCAAjIXYPKXeYDYPApQgAIUoICzBZj8nS3K+ihAAQpQgAIyF2Dyl3mA2DwKUIACFKCAswWY/J0tyvooQAEKUIACMhfQyLx9HtE8lUrlEf1kJylAAQpQQB4CTP4yiIMgCGat4M6AGQdHKEABClDAyQI87O9kUFZHAQpQgAIUkLsAk7/cI8T2UYACFKAABZwswOTvZFBWRwEKUIACFJC7AJO/3CPE9lGAAhSgAAWcLMDk72RQVkcBClCAAhSQuwCTv9wjxPZRgAIUoAAFnCzA5O9kUFZHAQpQgAIUkLsAk7/cI8T2UYACFKAABZwswOTvZFBWRwEKUIACFJC7AJO/3CPE9lGAAhSgAAWcLMDk72RQVkcBClCAAhSQuwCTv9wjxPZRgAIUoAAFnCzA5O9kUFZHAQpQgAIUkLsAk7/cI8T2UYACFKAABZwswOTvZFBWRwEKUIACFJC7AJO/3CPE9lGAAhSgAAWcLMDk72RQVkcBClCAAhSQuwCTv80IXUHu4QmI7+IFlUoFlSoakUuOIE0nLWC5TCAaTliKGd/nQitdjMMUoAAFKEABGQkw+VsNhhbFR0fguUeu4ZZ1VyAIAoSSGXj5UDQi5xxFvrGMLvs9vPFIKlJiDuBkibjMTnzjvwDTIxYgscBsL8HqWjiRAhSgAAUoUBMCTP5W1S/gh6RkHBnfF7FBNxmWUD+IHkPa4/IbXyNJn9gLcTZ5DVZ1i8G02I4IEyXVYeg4eT6WPJCIpKOXrNbMiRSgAAUoQIGaFmDyr2IE/LXnkJb3D4B8ZJ/Jh6ZNMEKkiupgNO6qxcFdqcirYt1cnAIUoAAFKOAOAWnacsf6FLKOe/Fwv17oOPdLLMsWEz0AXTpSvs2EdtZEJLSoB+iykHXsb5v90R7PQiaP/Nv04QwKUIACFKg5AU3NrVrOa9bAu8NSrFzYFiGN6mK6qalRK7H3/Q7wF8eLMpGZrgXammbylQIUoAAFKKAMAX7ztxqnbPw4Mwxh37+BXYUlhgv+hFxkPDMPPYd8it1F1f9Kb7iDQLyLoPy/1SZxIgUoQAEKUMBJAkz+1iALvsGGabcifFAvdPcxEQWgRUwsxnzxAWYcvgT4hCAk1PEDJ/o7CMS7CKz8W2sSp1GAAhSgAAWcJWDKbM6qrxbUo0XhDxuxRmu8yl/aI58QtOiaob+Y75I6GMEP3CKdazZc7kJAs7kcoQAFKEABCtScAJN/OXsNfB9+FoM0xgv9pPOLMnFqf0uE92iN2+CPoGb+KHdhny4Lv/58Hf7NAg3XBkjLc5gCFKAABSggAwEmf2tB8OuNYfO9kLl1ExanFRiXyMOptcswt+NQjO58GwBfNO01CMP2zEZc4gnDg390aTgyewxGHRiPqf2bw/GTAtYaxWkUoAAFKEAB5wgw+Vt1DECLF/8Pe6KOIWvUHcaL8qLQJ/9d7Nw6Dv28DWzqoFhM2twDvT5vi4bihXt17keXjKF4ff/LGOlHWqu0nEgBClCAAjUuoBLEK874JysB8Q4AhkVWIWFjakCA74MaQOcqPUaAX089JtTsKAUoQAEKUMAgwOTPLYECFKAABSjgYQJM/h4WcHaXAhSgAAUowOTPbYACFKAABSjgYQJM/h4WcHaXAhSgAAUowOTPbYACFKAABSjgYQJM/h4WcHaXAhSgAAUooMDkfw2X86+CDyfgxksBClCAAhRwTEB5yV+7BcsbNcY9se9jypaf8HPhDcd6zlIUoAAFKEABDxVQXvJX34uWw9WomzgJ7z7VDg+1fQIPTV6Cd3efRraWxwM8dDtmtylAAQpQoAoCCn28rxbX/nsQKds+xtdJm5GYXIBiAKq2z6Fr72cw7JlIPB12J3xVVZCQ0aJ8rKmMgsGm1JgA3wc1Rs8Ve4CAQpO/NDLXUHR+C3Z9vQZbv9yBFYevAfBG3X/F4OnYIYh/piMe8qkjLSD7YX7oyT5EbKAbBPg+cAMyV+GxAso77G8WKgHawnScTvsZZ89m4JcTYuIXjwA8iIdzl2PDkHC0f3omFuUYppsV5QgFKEABClDAQwUU+c1fuHoGpw4nYVfyp/g08TR+Eo/5e3dG6MuDMbh7Nwzq2gx3a88g7esXMWzgLzi/8ADy4sLgpZAg8xuPQgLFZrpUgO8Dl/Kycg8X0Ciu/yWbMb9zb4w7Jl7c1wwNX5iJyX2i0L9ra7T1laR3TXOEdX4YjXEe+d5eUOjpf8WFhw2mAAUoQAH5Cyjvm3/J/2Fxu804/GJ/DH46HI/eebPtxK7Nx/nL3rjP384yMowRv/HIMChsktsF+D5wOzlX6EECyjvnrw7Bwy81QrN77kOHcolfh6tnVuCjEcuRdKkE0PijscISvwdte+wqBShAAQrUkIDykn/JMeybNQ3T1qUiuxzadeT/MB/jV6xF0pmr5eZyAgUoQAEKUIACgDLO+Qup2BLbGU8tv1IWs3N9cP/qslGzIe9BCLpdcv7fbCZHKEABClCAAp4toJBz/gJunHkbY4d8gezbC5G7Pxs/3RmBJsF1UDcvzzyCTSLx0JA4vN+nJRoq5Co/8dym5Z8g8GmFliYc9ywBnvP3rHizt+4VUEjyl6CUbMa8dr0xvsM3yFz6BJpJZtWWQX7o1ZZIsh/VEeD7oDp6LEsB+wLKS/72+1Mr5vJDr1aEkZ2opgDfB9UEZHEK2BFQxDn/kowpGNg3A1iYiA2PpOHz58ZgZobOdrd8B2NC8iQMv01Zj/W13SHOoQAFKEABCjhPQBHJH9eycTY9Eyr9z/cW4uK5NKSn2zkn7p2LfK3zkFgTBShAAQpQoDYJ8LC/DKPJw50yDAqb5HYBvg/cTs4VepCA8u7z1wdHi6vZW/HJT/nQQYA2OxEfDbwdanV7NJ+6CXuLSjwohOwqBShAAQpQoGoCCkz+/+DywYHo1bIXhq/+Gf8TfsLm18Zh/PrbcU/HLOjeGYJeb+/Dhao5cGkKUIACFKCAxwgoL/nrDmBTwtfYG/AfDBvYBr6ZHyPxs6vA029g3feZ+Gzazbi65Et8nHPDY4LIjlKAAhSgAAWqIqC85H8xBT8c1eKmIcPxYUdf5Bzegx24Fbc/2hbtVfURHNoIKD6F9OzrVXHgshSgAAUoQAGPEVBe8tdew9ViQ3y88BvO/CQ+4b8N/tXmbmhwHUWXCwDUQ92byj81z2Oiyo5SgAIUoAAF7Ago41Y/aQfu7IBO/1Jj9Tdf45M2+Ti8thi4Pwr92t6My+mzsGL5r0CLwYhocrO0FIcpQAEKUIACFDAKKPBWv2v4c88ADHh6M/bqjwA8iFZr1uOnARlY3K43xp3tiZ5fLcOmqEaop9Aw8xYnhQaOzXaqAN8HTuVkZRQwE1Bg8hfbfxWXMzfh2y+uoCD6McQ8HAQ/VTZ+WvoxfukSh8Fht6GuWTeVNcIPPWXFi611jQDfB65xZa0UEAUUmvwFaIvSkf5jBjIvWnnSX90WaPvY/Wjipczz/vzQ45uTAgDfB9wKKOA6AeWd88cNFKW+gjF9FuCTs1YSv94qFtNyFiIhUIHdc12sWTMFKEABClBAL6C87PhPMj4etRCf/NEJoVNi8FSADnX/9z/zcPp0RvSt/FEfcxSOUYACFKAABQwCykv+F4/hp8M6aMa+ieR3ohGszCP73P4oQAEKUIACNSagvPv86zfEXQGAyucW+DDx19iGwxVTgAIUoIByBZSX/P36YvCUZtBu2IxFWVdg66y/M0Kiy1mHVeMC9RceqVSBaDjhUyRl/yOp+gpyD09AfBcvyTJLMeP7XPAXhSVMHKQABShAAVkJKC/5l6Qh9XABGp/+ANPua4YGkX0QFhZm/t/pXay8VL1f9tNlJ2B4kx34aWQGBEGAUPgZFuumoP/wNdinM8RQl/0e3ngkFSkxB3CyRIBQshPf+C/A9IgFSCwwLiSrcLMxFKAABShAASXe6leyGfPEh/kcs/Od3/tlzDo3F682dPSiv3PY80pbRKs34bc53RBg2lIKFiP+jqVISd6DvVE34fSytgjZ+Br2fjsMEabdKN1urOjQH5+/k4m9UXeYSlbplbc4VYmLC9dSAb4Pamlg2S1ZCCjvgr86T2PsLzqMdSVfwXZsm3cvwpNblyV+cX1+ozHnxmjjms8h+0w+NG2CEWJK/OIcdTAad9Xi4K5U5EVJdhxc2V7WTQEKUIACFKiCgDRtVaFY7V5Ul5eG49oWCPX9DTsWRCJSpYJK1Qphb32LfUWmY/5ZyDr2t00I7fEsZPLIv00fzqAABShAgZoTUGzyF66m4si6MZg2tB3C9Of4i3Fq7TgkpPyBa9Xy1KL490ycwHkkPTURc1qswU7xnL+wA1/5v4qeYzYhVUzqRZnITOdlfdWiZmEKUIACFKgRAUUmf+HSarz/bEd0ilmAtz79CelHsvD7tcu4cGglpncbht47fq/mDoAYi1xo3lmCbY+KPxUs/gWgRUwsxqyZjrG7LlY7WOL5TFv/1a6cFVCAAhSgAAXsCCgv+QuZ2DNzPOIPPo7+e05g/0x/Y/fuQrcpCYgP2Y5tE9fgy7/tXBBoB6RsViBC7r3DmPiNU31CENLlNDIvXIROHA51/JIJ/R0E+iMK4lEF8/+yNnCIAhSgAAUo4HwB5SX/wt3YsfYS1M8PxdsR9+CW0gf9qOB19wgMH3EfcPIo9p276qCWBr4PP4tBGun9/FaqUgcj+IFbrMwwTCp3IaDNJTmDAhSgAAUo4F4B5SX/K3/ijzzAq/FdaKy6bqFVFz63+gEoQOHf1bjazqc9OsacN1yxL12DeJ7/QCTCW98FNfwR1Mwf5S7s02Xh15+vw79ZIEzHJKRVcJgCFKAABShQ0wLKS/5+TdAsTIV/fjmL40I9C7/zSD1wBvBugdCguhbzqjCqfhBRo59C+HsfYuzRvwwFdWk4sngR5g/6D6a2bwDAF017DcKwPbMRl3gC+eJS4jKzx2DUgfGY2r+5+SmDKqyei1KAAhSgAAVcKaC85F8/Gs/ENkX99XMwdMF3yCoQn+R3BX+e+xHfzn4OLy8UUC/mcfQN9KqGmwbeHVZjS1p3PPRRkOHCvDoDMPzG+9g2vzdaG9XUQbGYtLkHen3eFg3FC/jq3I8uGUPx+v6XMdJPebTVAGNRClCAAhRQkIBKEK82U9rfjWPY9cYT6D07B8VmbfdGvb4zkLgwDoPvdPxiPLMqa2CETzarAXSuUnYCfB/ILiRsUC0SUF7yF87gx1XrsDXwCQy47Qcc3XUIW45fgyo0Em0efgQv3HsISR8Bd88ehn63Ofp435qNMD/0atafa5eHAN8H8ogDW1E7BZSX/LVJeL9Ff0z611c4+emzCDOLy1X89nkH3DvodvQ7sgUbOnibzVXKCD/0lBIpttOVAnwfuFKXdXu6gDKOjQup2BLbGU8tv1IWr3N9cP/qslGzIe9BCLq9Ouf8zWrjCAUoQAEKUKBWCSjkm7+AG2fextghXyD79kLk7s/GT3dGoElwHdTNyzMPSJNIPDQkDu/3aYmGpc8AMF9E7mP8xiP3CLF97hDg+8AdylyHpwooJPlLwmP8Sd/xHb5B5tIn0Ewyq7YM8kOvtkSS/aiOAN8H1dFjWQrYF1Be8rffn1oxlx96tSKM7EQ1Bfg+qCYgi1PAjoAyzvmX64AAbVE60n/MQOZFK3cq1m2Bto/djyZeCj3uX66/nEABClCAAhRwnoACk/8NFKW+gjF9FuCTs1YSv94mFtNyFiIhUIHdc15sWRMFKEABClDAqoDysuM/yfh41EJ88kcnhE6JwVMBOtT93//MO+fTGdG3KvMef/OOcIwCFKAABSjgfAHlJf+Lx/DTYR00Y99E8jvRCOaRfedvFayRAhSgAAVqtYDyHkBfvyHuCgBUPrfAh4m/Vm+c7BwFKEABCrhGQHnJ368vBk9pBu2GzViUdQW2zvq7hou1UoACFKAABZQvoLxb/Ur2Yu3gAXhz3Z84hwD4RnRC0J+nzCPhOxgTkidhOJ/tb+7CMQooSIC3+ikoWGyq4gSUd84fhcjPyMc5PXUeCvdtRLolu3cu8rWWEzlOAQpQgAIUoIAooLxv/h4QN37j8YAgs4sVCvB9UCERF6CAwwKK+OZfkjEFA/tmAAsTseGRNHz+3BjMzNDZ7rTCD/vb7hjnUIACFKAABaovoIjkj2vZOJueCVXhDQCFuHguDenpdi7142H/6m8ZrIECFKAABWqtAA/7yzC0PNwpw6CwSW4X4PvA7eRcoQcJKO9WPw8KDrtKAQpQgAIUcIUAk78rVFknBShAAQpQQMYCyjjnL2NAZzRNPLzJPwpQgAIUoIC7BJj83SVtZz2CYH7xIj5WO/AAACAASURBVHcG7GBxFgUoQAEKVFuAh/2rTcgKKEABClCAAsoSUGzyF66m4si6MZg2tB3COr2LlZeKcWrtOCSk/IFryooBW0sBClCAAhRwq4AiD/sLl1bj/edHIX7bVSNWO/x+7TIuHFqJ6bGncfSrZdgU1Qj13ErJlVGAAhSgAAWUIaC8b/5CJvbMHI/4g4+j/54T2D/T3yh9F7pNSUB8yHZsm7gGX/5tfh5dGeFgKylAAQpQgAKuF1Be8i/cjR1rL0H9/FC8HXEPbim9UF4Fr7tHYPiI+4CTR7HvnOmogOsRuQYKUIACFKCAkgSUl/yv/Ik/8gCvxnehseq6hXVd+NzqB6AAhX/befa/RSmOUoACFKAABTxJQHnJ368JmoWp8M8vZ3FcsDyrfx6pB84A3i0QGlTXk+LIvlKAAhSgAAUqLaC85F8/Gs/ENkX99XMwdMF3yCooAXAFf577Ed/Ofg4vLxRQL+Zx9A30qjQCF6QABShAAQp4koAyf9jnxjHseuMJ9J6dg2KzaHmjXt8ZSFwYh8F3KvJGBn1v+IMmZkHliIcK8H3goYFnt90ioMzkL9IIl5Dzwwbs2XUIW45fgyo0Em0ejsCQqBYI0pReBegWRGevhB96zhZlfUoU4PtAiVFjm5UioLzkL/yK4xuL4P34/Whys/LOWlRmw+CHXmWUuExtF+D7oLZHmP2rSQHlZc+SH7Fzchs0bfUY2k1bjcVHsvCnlvf01+RGxHVTgAIUoICyBBT4zf8Mfv7kdSxdvgXLDxse5KtqOwCPPtcXgx8Px1Nhd8JX2Uf9wW88ynoTsbWuEeD7wDWurJUCooDykr8pbkIB8tM2Y/fXHyNpw0FsPKEF4I26UcPRr/8AvDqkA8K8lLkXwA89U5D56skCfB94cvTZd1cLKDf5S2W0ecj6YTm++OgjzEi6jGLEYlrOQiQEKvOKf37oSYPLYU8V4PvAUyPPfrtDQJnZsVRGi2v/PYiUbR/j66TNSEwuQDEC4DewHR70Ud7lDKXd4gAFKEABClDAhQKKzJDC1ZP4ecsUvD+yCe6/KxKPDF2Nuf/tjci5G7HhXAb+u/Y/eNqpyf8KcjY8DC+vKVhcIH1s8BXkHp6A+C5e+vP0KlUgGk5Yihnf50I8CcE/ClCAAhSggBwFlPfNv2Qz5nfujXHHBMC7PZpMmIxZj/fAoK7NXHZ/vy77Pbw5LgVa/x5mMRSnv/FIKs7PP4CT+zsiDGk4Mrs/ukRcwG0X38FoP0XuW5n1kSMUoAAFKFD7BJSX/FEHXhiOwauHYFSvjuh8m4sf41u8FasmLMBPDX2BP6UbQCHOJq/Bqm6vYW9sR4Tp83wYOk6ejyUb++PzoxMxOuoOaQEOU4ACFKAABWQhoLyvpnWewOhflmP14C6uT/zIxo/zY/Giz0eYHetvEbB8ZJ/Jh6ZNMEKkiupgNO6qxcFdqcizKMFRClCAAhSggBwEFPHNvyRjCgb2zQAWJmLDI2n4/LkxmJkhPfduQek7GBOSJ2H4bXUsZlRlVIvio/EYP+1JvP7rU7gvebp5YV0Wso79DbQ1n2wa0x7PQqYOCJDuGJhm8pUCFKAABShQgwKKSP64lo2z6ZlQFd4AUIiL59KQnm7nqX7euciv7hV3xUlY+GQeAg4uRkKQCqctg1SUicx0rc3kb7k4xysnwNu7KufEpShAAQpUR0ARyb/Og5/hZ1OuF/7Gv15KwPS7YzC2Z1P4mfVeh6tnVmHZHAF3V6dnuhRsfHEUPpywA2kdGuh3OMxWwxEKUIACFKCAggWUd1C65Bj2zZqGaetSkV0O/jryf5iP8SvWIunM1XJzKzfhCnK+jMNzWdOw6KX2sDzTX1qHTwhCQh3fwxC/4dr6L10HByhAAQpQgAIuEFBG8hdSsWWktyFZevXHpHMAVvfB/eUS6C24d9AJwDsIQbc7eBeA7gi2J/4C7cGJ6O9Tx5ig/RAy6hyQNwtxDYIQuPwUdOpgBD9wi82QlLsQ0GJJQRBg699iUY5SgAIUoAAFnCrg+FdXpzajgspUrdBzUjxePPEFsm8vRO7+bPx0ZwSaBNdB3TyLa+qbROKhIXF4tUndCiq1MVvdHcN23cAws9mFOL2sLUKm98eijBnG+/cLEdTMH9qNFhf26bLw68/X4T8w0PZRA7O6OUIBClCAAhRwr4Aykj9U8Gr2JhYffhMo2Yx57Xrj5w4T8e3SJ9DMvV6Stfmiaa9BGPbSbMQltse+Ua3grxMf8jMGow6Mx7xNzaEQXEmfOEgBClCAAp4goLz8VOdpjP1Fh7EyiI46KBaTNudj1ay2aPii4fYCzeA5eH3/8xjJp/vJIEJsAgUoQAEKWBNQ6K/6CdAWHsfP+87gwnXzbt11cxaOb7gZDT56EYOqdZ+/eb3uHPPk2908ue/u3MaUsC5uC0qIEtuoVAHlffPHP7h88N94Ycg6bPnVdP+fBb/3y5j1vsU0jlKAAhSgAAUooBdQxtX+0mDpDmBTwgZsye+E0LFjMeJfXoB3JNpOGIn/dKoHIAKR61/BuIbVebqfdIUcpgAFKEABCtQuAeUl/4sp+OGoFurnp2DT3Nl4dXgToPgOdBwxD4nbP8NHjx/G4W+O46yNgwK1K3zsDQUoQAEKUKDqAspL/tpruFoMeDW+C/eqbsKd992HRjiP9N+KofLpiSf73odriV9g1XmLiwGqbsMSFKAABShAgVopoLzk79cI9zYCbpz/AxcEFW6+6z60xJ/4NfcvCKgDzU3iw31ykH1R/B0A/lGAAhSgAAUoYCmgvORfvxt6DLodus9noc/7B5Ef1BFdwrLxW9IXmLV7LTZ9fQbwbowmd91k2VeOU4ACFKAABSgAQJG3+gn//RgfvDgGk67Mw95vY9B8Z38M6rsFe4vFmDZCw4S1SHkzHPeolBljT77FyZP7rsyt1XWt5rbgOlvWTAFFJn992LR5SE+tg8ZtG6IeruJy5iZ8+8Uf+O+/nsGgbo3hr9DEL/bNkz/0PLnv/DgyF+C2YO7BMQo4U0ARyb8kYwoG9v0GaZXtue9gTEiehOF8yE9lxWSzHD/wZROKGm8It4UaDwEbUIsFlPGQn2vZOJuejvTKBsI7F/mGp+1WtgSXowAFKEABCniMgCK++XtMNIwd9eRvPJ7cd0/bzivqL7eFioQ4nwKOCyjvan/H+8qSFKBALREQdwz4RwEKOC6g2OQvXE3FkXVjMG1oO4R1ehcrLxXj1NpxSEj5A9cc92BJClCAAhSgQK0XUMY5f4swCJdW4/3nRyF+21XjnHb4/dplXDi0EtNjT+PoV8uwKaoRxCf9848CFKAABShAAXMB5X3zFzKxZ+Z4xB98HP33nMD+mf7GHt2FblMSEB+yHdsmrsGXf/Ph/uah5hgFKEABClDAIKC85F+4GzvWXoL6+aF4O+Ie3FJ66k8Fr7tHYPiI+4CTR7HvnOmoAENNAQpQgAIUoIBUQHnJ/8qf+CPP8MM+jVWWP95TFz63+gEoQOHfOmk/OUwBClCAAhSggFFAecnfrwmahanwzy9ncVywPKt/HqkHxGf7t0BoUF0GmQIUoAAFKEABKwLKS/71o/FMbFPUXz8HQxd8h6yCEgBX8Oe5H/Ht7Ofw8kIB9WIeR99A8df9+EcBClCAAhSggKWAMh/yc+MYdr3xBHrPzoH+t3xKe+WNen1nIHFhHAbfqZwbGazdsywInnnBIh/sUroxe/yAvW3B3jyPhyMABSohoMzkL3ZMuIScHzZgz65D2HL8GlShkWjzcASGRLVAkKb0KsBKEMhvEU/+YPPkvstvS6zZFtnbFuzNq9lWc+0UUIaAcpO/Ld+i7/HthMPImz0ew/jDPraUZDudH+qyDY3bG2ZvW7A3z+0N5QopoEAB5Zzzv3EC38+PRp/WXlD5PIymE1dhTY7kWX7C//Db7hGI7RKBx1ecxW/XPPOwuQK3QTaZAhSgAAXcLKCME+PCORx+53H0nJ5tPMefgnMfpmBI6hX4bH4JT5Vsw/rJwzByyR8o9g5H2w8HoZ9/HTdTcnUUoAAFKEABZQgo45t/fhI+/SAbV578ACt+vwLdjV9xYnFrNNi1ErPWrsY7vZ5GzJJiaPu+h/ePbsah8eEI81L2eX9lbD5sJQUoQAEKKFFAEef8tUf7o0XHI9B+vAfnhzaFfo+lYDEmt4zDnDwA3j0RmTgHn/S7H/co/GI/cSPy5POZntx3JX6AuLLN9rYFe/Nc2SbWTYHaIqCMw/567ZtQv35dQ+IXx+v7w/8WMfH3w+D9ifi0bQPwu35t2SzZDwpQgAIUcKWAMg772xPo1QfjHmTit0fEeRSgAAUoQAGpgPKTf10v1OVXfmlMOUwBClCAAhSwK6Cgw/4luH7pv0hLK9R3qIFPNgrFJ/te/QvnsrOBgoKyjta7C40a3w5f7hSUmXCIAhSgAAUoYBRQ0AV/SThX6bDFYlrOQiQEKmjfRtI3T76YyZP7LtkEOFjBha/cTriJUKB6AorIjirfJmgbGopK/06fbzAa1ePX/uptGixNAQpQgAK1VUAR3/xrK76tfnnytxpP7rut7cFTp9vbFuzN81Qv9psCVRFQ/gV/Vektl6UABShAAQpQoOy2eVpQgAIUoAAFKOAZAvzm7xlxZi8pQAEKUIACpQJM/qUUHKAABShAAQp4hgCTv2fEmb2kAAUoQAEKlAow+ZdSWAwU7cOOBZGIVKn0P7SjUrVC2FvfYl+RTrLgFeQenoD4Ll7GZQLRcMJSzPg+F1rJUhykAAUoQAEKyEmAyd9aNHQp2PjSE+iV0hcjs69DEASUZE/E8Ix+eHTc10g15n9d9nt445FUpMQcwMkSAULJTnzjvwDTIxYgsUC6k2BtJZxGAQpQgAIUqBkB3udvxV13Kg6PtTyKf7Zvw96oO0qXMJ9+E04va4uQja9h77fDEGHajdLtxooO/fH5O5lmZUsrqcSAJ9/D7Ml9r8Sm4VGL2NsW7M3zKCR2lgIOCijiCX8O9s3hYuoWi7BdsFU8F5kXLkIHL2SfyYemTTBCTIlfLKIORuOuWhzclYq8qG4IsFUNp1OAAhSgAAVqSECatmqoCUpbbTh6dwmGWpeFrGN/22y89ngWMnnk36YPZ1CAAhSgQM0JMPlX1l6Xgq9nfYo9wwYgtnk9oCgTmem8rK+yfFyOAhSgAAXkI8DD/pWKRR5OLfsPnjv/CuatfwKtuctUKTUuRAEKUIAC8hRg8q8wLnk4taQnWo1ph5HHx2P03TcZSviEICTUcT7xgiX+UYACFKAABWpCgN9h7anr0nBkVg9j4v8Qi0L9ypZWByP4gVvKxi2Gyl0IaDFfvH3Q1r/FohylAAUoQAEKOFWAyd8Gpy5nPqZ0fQCddjyN11MtEr++jD+Cmvmj3IV9uiz8+vN1+DcLhL+NujmZAhSgAAUoUJMCTP7W9IvX4YMBE/HuuVhM+ywBCS0l3/hLl/dF016DMGzPbMQlnkC+OF08UjB7DEYdGI+p/ZvD8ZMCpSvhAAUoQAEKUMDpAkz+5UgLcfrzNxB/UAvkLcL0RnWNj+41PeZXBa/4PcgTb+kPisWkzT3Q6/O2aCg+BrjO/eiSMRSv738ZI/1IW46WEyhAAQpQQBYCfMKfLMJg3ghPfnqZJ/fdfCvgmL1twd48ylGAAhUL8OtpxUZcggIUoAAFKFCrBJj8a1U42RkKUIACFKBAxQJM/hUbcQkKUIACFKBArRJg8q9V4WRnKEABClCAAhULMPlXbMQlKEABClCAArVKgMm/VoWTnaEABShAAQpULMDkX7ERl6AABShAAQrUKgEm/1oVTnaGAhSgAAUoULEAk3/FRlyCAhSgAAUoUKsEmPxrVTjZGQpQgAIUoEDFAkz+FRtxCQpQgAIUoECtEmDyr1XhZGcoQAFPExB/54B/FKiqAJN/VcW4PAUoQAEKUEDhAkz+Cg8gm08BClCAAhSoqgCTf1XFuDwFKEABClBA4QJM/goPIJtPAQpQgAIUqKoAk39Vxbg8BShAAQpQQOECTP4KDyCbTwEKUIACFKiqAJN/VcW4PAUoQAEKUEDhAhqFt79WNJ/36daKMLITFKAABRQjwOQvg1AJgmDWCu4MmHFwhAIUoAAFnCzAw/5OBmV1FKAABShAAbkLMPnLPUJsHwUoQAEHBXgU0UE4DyjG5O8BQWYXKSBXASYnuUaG7artAkz+tT3C7B8FKEABClDAQoDJ3wKEo+4T4Lc+91lzTRRQmgA/H1wbMSZ/1/qydgpQgAIUoIDsBJj8ZRcSNogCFKAABSjgWgEmf9f6snYKUIACFKCA7ASY/GUXEjaIAhSgAAUo4FoBJn/X+rJ2ClCgCgK8yKsKWFyUAtUQYPKvBh6LUoACFKAABZQowOSvxKixzRSgAAVqoUBVjvxUZdlaSFXtLjH5V5uQFVCAAhSgAAWUJcDkr6x4sbUU8FgBftPz2NCz4y4QYPJ3ASqrpAAFKEABCshZgMlfztFh2yhAAQpQgAIuEGDydwEqq6QABShAAecK8LSPcz2Z/J3rydoUKMAPFfcFjdbus+aaKGBPgMnfng7nOV2AH/5OJ2WFFKAABaoswORfZTJpgSvIPTwB8V28ICY1lSoQDScsxYzvc6GVLsZhxQgoYedECW1UTMDZUAp4qACTfzUCr8t+D288koqUmAM4WSJAKNmJb/wXYHrEAiQW6KpRM4tSgAIUcK0AdyJd6yv32pn8HY5QIc4mr8GqbjGYFtsRYaKkOgwdJ8/HkgcSkXT0ksM1s6C8BOT+ISltn3RYXoqubY0n9duT+urarcaza2fydzj++cg+kw9Nm2CESBXVwWjcVYuDu1KR53Dd7i8oxw8Utqn624EcDOXQhupLKqMGpVkrrb3K2Aoq10pp2qpcCS5lENBlIevY3zY1tMezkMkj/zZ9OIMCFKAABWpOQFNzq1b4mosykZmuBdo61o+K9ngrmu/YWu2Xctc6peuRDptaJ50mHTbNd8WrdD3SYdO6pNOkw6b57n61bIN0XDoststy3N1ttWyDZXvsjTs6ryb66M51OsvFsh539sG0Lss2SMelw+LyFY2b6lTKqyAINdZUJv8aorcXdHEDl863N16VeWJXpcvbGrZcznJcWs5ynuW4vWUt51WlrKuWrUqbLJetyri9Ze3Ns+y35bi9svbmVaee6pS11yZH51m2x3K8KvXaK2uvHstyluP2ytqbZ1mP5bi9svbmVaUey2Utx+2tx968qtTjqmUt21eV9VgrK5aX6x8P+zsaGZ8QhIRy38lRPpajAAUoQIGaE2Dyd9ReHYzgB26xWbrchYA2l+QMClCAAhSggHsFmPwd9vZHUDN/lLuwT5eFX3++Dv9mgfB3uG4WpAAFKEABCrhOgMnfYVtfNO01CMP2zEZc4gnki/Xo0nBk9hiMOjAeU/s3h7NOCkjP/4urkY5Lhy3nWeuadHlbwxXVIy1nbVnpfOmwZXuszZNOkw5bW4+0voqWlc6XDkvrsLUO6fK2hi3rsVaXvbLSeZZ1Wc6zN245T1qX5Tx745bz7NVj2VfLspbj9uqSLisdtlyHtA5r8+yVtZwnrcvaPOk0W8PSOkzD0mUt22hvnqm86bWiZaXzpcOm8qZXy3n2xi3nmeowvVrOl45Lh8XlLcdNdVibJ11WOmxt2crWY1nWsl579VRU1l5d0nrlOMzkX42oqINiMWlzD/T6vC0aio/3rXM/umQMxev7X8ZIP9JWg5ZFKUABClDAhQIqQcm7Li6Eqcmq5XjVKNtU8RZBIxpVLFDxEtyOKjYSl5Cbk9zaU5Eik39FQpxPAQpQgAIUqGUCPDZdywLK7lCAAhSgAAUqEmDyr0iI8ylAAQpQgAK1TIDJv6YDWrwO74bcjsgdFy1acgW5hycgvouX/tyWShWIhhOWYsb3udBaLFn9US2K0xZj+bhA47pUUAW+gP7JmYa7GEwr0KUhZUkkIsWLG/X/0YhcsAlJ2f+YlnDiqxbF6XMxe6C3cV2tEPbWt9hXZP6DCbqcdVglbXfkZMR9dgRp5os5sV2mqq4gZ8PD8PKagsVmP9/szrgBulNxiC6NhykuKqiiV2GfycCtcTPc9WK2nUROxtgj5tute+KmReHOHgi05mOc5hW/x/gDXO6Nm3hnUEVG5ZZRufj9ZvYZUJPvt2z8OLMRymJjes8BldpuLG2d4qZF8dEYdCn3fje1zc58l7THtN5qvIoX/PGvhgSKkoUVLwULnfGQELE936wRJb9PE4ZpugsRiw8LJ0sEQSg5KRyeGSpoNK8Ki/4SJzjvz7Cu5kLozAOGdQnFQs7BocJgTXOh9YYs4YZ+VcVC9hftBU34JGHM4Rz9tJLsj4UPBtQXNJN2C7nOa46+ptL+r8sQ/hSnFO4SksYGCIj4UNhQZOx/yQ/CV4N8Bf/xnwgbfr8uCKXtblXO08nNE/TtC4CAgClm8ShttxviJgg3hIId3QVN95XCXpubhHvjJpT8IHw5wF8IXZJqiJuQK5xa112IQD9hdMZVQxhqMG6GBvwupLwTZLYtuTduhvVrhn0lHDdtyvr3e0+h35HLxk3VvXEr7b/p/Sa+l7Y/Lvj7z3Hz+y1XyFgcIXR/WFP+c6VS240r3G4IRScnCRM7+5Z7vxuCZW++K9pj3ESq+SLeg8k/twsUCzmHxgsjQ2cL3x+OFaLKJf8CIXNpEwFRFh/qJbuE5e1uc3JiM67LIokJgsX0kl3Cisi6QkBihnFnwIBWkjFa6O70HZKzwu6JvuXe/OK6pFaGcUlS0TfJ0G5X7JCUbiZFycLyfrcJbdpYfhi4M25ia6w7lbZTHHBr3Iw7I+W2B/N21ljc9DA3hKIjA4UI9JIkWjfH7a9FwiSN5Q6quZF742ZYt7XPG+l73tVxK8leKywb3F7od2ifsLJ7+eRfqfU7e3svOSn8sLi7EDp9j/CD+Jls+TlZ4Xx3fm6avfMrHOFh/2ocNXG0qO5UPKKfro82O8ahY4M6VqrJR/aZfJR7RLA6GI27anFwV6rxUKWVolWe5IvmsWch5M7EaGvPJsg7i7S8fwDxVwwPNEfIvXeYPbxIHRCGtkhG0tFLVV6z7QJN0O39AtyY0w0BNhfSovj3TOzRNEFYwE2SpW7BXY2Dgbk7scnscLxkkWoNZuPH+bF40ecjzI61fIajO+MmHl6vxNMk3Rq3C/hxewow/lH0NtuWpPGsqbgZg16chCWvJOHgpAmY16GBcaKb42Zn+yt9Yqg742b8eXJrnzf3ta2LvC8P4aBO59r3m243VrafhQ2DN2F9B2snNiu53TjVrRCZy/ug1/l4bJjaCX7l4lbRfLj5c7NcA+1OYPK3y+OamerAMVh/bjpG3y1NWpJ1Gd+Mkilmg6UfEGZTXTQS1RP9mteDLi8Nx7U22osMZF646IJrEcr6pMv5BB9N/xR7hr2GeT3uAPA3/jifBa2/qmwhyZC/9pxhp0UyrfqD4nm9eIyf9iRen/4U7rN897g7bvoPuntxa/ZKDA80nu8Xr9VYc7T0mge3xq10Z+RmXN4aV3q9iteQDzE/vcDIXxNxM0X+CnK2zsVrR0bg9THhZTuW7o6b31PoP/0yDn7xHVKN12XocpLx7eq26PfWs4hQo8bfbyYx/euJs0gvuuba95u6NTrv/B67Hr0blm8rQ1sqt904d3u/BYHh25H2XhTC1Naua6povsziaBZU2HC2WIijThbwDUGYj/VNXL8m8UM93drer5PbYac6XfaHmP1SHbT+T3eEqw173SfsLO+yWbrdWNXDC3WC/o2J+/ug3/BOCNXTGb6tuWy91iouTsLCJ/MQcHAmEoKs7HS4OW6GD7pgBISPw8pcQf8YVSFzCPr/0BeRc44iH4Zva26Lm35npATX3x+KHnuewQv7b0AQbuDyqxfwQ9tXkaC/MLQG4maKpe4Itif+Aozvi9ggyY6sm+MGBKHdq59g2YXn0KaOYaetTtC7+PydJVirPxrh5vebrR8pM9spKtQfjTRROv/VH2FhPnaqrcx2U6I/OuG87V0Dn7B77fxGS0Xz3RxHO3rWZtnJQNYW5zSPECjeilWT5mLLuAVY2+des8P8bu+/ujuG7RKTSDFyPrmIvH9F4aGkCzBdyO629uhSsPHFUfhwwrtYVHq42G1rt7oidYtF2C5s139bKv0dCZ+uiHoyBJopHyDh1FWr5Vw5UeWvxaXgyVg751GE6T9dNPAOHYNhL63FO/MPwpknh6raD93pjfhidzR692lb9q2/qpU4Y/nidZjd9ll80Pdn/CkYd9qKVuCtbY+gzVLxd0Lc/bHcBBHjxmPI3JkYvDPHcARPl4ajs+Kx8qLtXy51BgXrqDkBd29lNddTJa3ZJwQhoaUf5+5tefFWrBjRHy96zce6N3uUfYA3CkEr97bEYm31ERg1H29M/A2pK3bjO93d+l9VtFjIRaNXkPNlHJ7LmoZFL7W3/U2gJuNW2nMNvPWxOo/0364ah0tnumWg3LljlP0CZqpb4ybtbiHO7t+OHVHPYnR707l+43y3xk2LwsMrMTVtNOIGhpVtS95R6D+qNU6/vBZJBXB73NRBUzHveC88uioEXuJtkN1XY233DVjxoj/QqilCfRq48f0mjZtp2LANmcasv9Zxu5v1dpimmt6LpnF5vTL5yysehtbYOgxnbGv5D1fndEI8r/6hPvEvwrZFg9FdcmpCvLCvjcbaeS9x3S3LXQjonBbZqEV/DrKO/sI+Tb5gdaH8chcCWl2schONh4u1Byeiv08d43MH/BAy6hyQNwtxDYIQuPwUdDUUN3udcGvc/KIRHeNrrzkAbnJf3KQt0aXgYNKF8hfRisu4NW6GiyLLX6tiSBTdtDv1F8+6NW56J/EIzXhMXldsOH20dzbmdQTySi88rqG4lcbQcCFvRe9397uVNtDqgNzaI20kk79UQzbDZd+UMqXHt0svqAos+8bglDZfQe6OXuge9BreG9g/2wAAIABJREFUDfgUOy0Sv34V4rejLqfLXdhnOO/cAqH3eDulJfpKjOf5rT3kQ5yvGdQDvf289Hv53cpd2Ge8MKhbM4RKdl6q1bjSUw/GQ7T6Q7UFyFzaBAiYgkV/ZSN3RAuoJd9wXR+3Qpxe1hSqwNcsHjJkOM+4R/Mo+nW4DXBn3HAXQh4OsXKnRT5+z7wM/8gwhKnV7oubJOiGQ/5tEN6jtZVD/u58v92LdtHtUT6J1WTcDNtSufebLgvn92uMZjUTt7IQmnaOLC/ktXi/u3V7L2udzSG5tUfa0ApvBuQCLhUw3Ltq6yE/zcseluKyh/yY7nuGIH3oSPlOGx9WoRkmjE77Sz/bdQ/5MbQpXLIu/QN8tj8umE0TH/oxpL6gGfyJsKtQfFqK6eFElvdQl+9N9adYPAfBWKHhYSnuiJsgCEVrhXfb+JZtI2IbxGcQPOtf/uFMEkvXxc3Qptmd6gr+s44YH/JjiMnzdUcJ0/QPYhKfPeDuuBmePxAgfdCQxQbg3rglC0u7NxEi5m8X9uq3W2PcBviauekfquWmuBk+h6KE7juyDc/x0N+/HiEE9EsqfRCR2+JWssvqff6VW7+rPqesv9/LNiNb813VnrI1OzrEh/w4KuekcraSvyDkChnJo4VJ4RrxuLb+XzN4jjDte8PT9Zy0ev1DYMQHapjWUf5VsmNSuFfYPj9CiDC2B7hfCJ2+wfh0Pae1yFhRsZDz/TTh3QH1jW0LEPzHLxcWnTTseBgWEp+stUhIFJ/8Z2pTwBCh32dHjE8qdHabpPXZerO7KW7GppT8vkHYMD1UCDD1PyJeGJ1sfCqiqblujZv4NMa9wjZJmzSDPxDmGXcYDU1yd9wqTv5ue7/Ziom43f7fKeMOk3Eht8bN8OCxss+bqLKni5raLLgpbraSf2XX7xI3W+93E46d+S5pj2m9jr/yJ32lh0E4TAEKUIACFPAAAZ7z94Ags4sUoAAFKEABqQCTv1SDwxSgAAUoQAEPEGDy94Ags4sUoAAFKEABqQCTv1SDwxSgAAUoQAEPEGDy94Ags4sUoAAFKEABqQCTv1SDwxSgQA0KiL+aGIMuXlMsHlxUg03iqilQSwVq6AHytVST3aIABRwX0O3HF1M24tziYxjpx+8ljkOyJAUqFmDyr9iIS1CAAi4X0KJw9yyMujETawc2r9lfknR5X7kCCtS8AHevaz4GbAEFaoWA7lQcolX9EZd+DkdmhSFQ/HW4wBcQcygPOl0aUpZEIlKcpopG5PpTyJf2ujgJSyalIHTMM3j0cJShrH5Zw+/dq/TDgfofUNJKy3GYAhRwSIDJ3yE2FqIABcwFDD9McwLnsSkxGT88fQi5wu9IeWkP1r3+Drp3X4bkiK+xVyhG9heXcXDwp0gqMP1q1RXkbJ2LqXfMxbw+jdHg0V3INf3OvfhatBZzwjVARCymPt6YRwXM4TlGAYcEeNjfITYWogAFzAUMP1WbF5GADTNeQj9v8XuFCr631wUyga4/vI+EoJsAaOFzqy/8Tb/G6FcPKPgU856/hvDkpxBh+XVEl4rdCRMRf24IRu8ah9F3i3XwjwIUqK4Ak391BVmeAhQAjD83HRDzGHrrEz8AXQoOJl2AZtCziNUnfhHKuJMQNRf9mtcDUIjT6z/E3CFz8FOPOywk83Bq2WAM/qAVuu94C/NC/Szmc5QCFHBUwHI/29F6WI4CFPBgAd3pjdiw936E3HtH2WH5okyc2g/4NwuEv8lGl4WsY39D0yYYIWpAl/0hZr/UDL1HdkNrs0+jK8jd8R+8OFqHW5e8j3WP3l1Wr6kuvlKAAg4L8Ju/w3QsSAEKGAQM5/v3aB7FvA63laLo8tJwXNsbvbsElyZucSfhi91tEB7fGgHIxo+rV2L1+E/xW4cGpeXEUwPF6a/h1V47kPZKMvaObFW28yBZioMUoIDjAmb72o5Xw5IUoIDnChgO5Wu7NUOoj+kjpRBn92/HjoCmCAswnac3XRTYGKH3eEN3ahZef70TRg7rjAAJni57Bsb2mI91A1dg3Zs9EGaqUrIMBylAgeoJ8Jt/9fxYmgIUMJ3vH9gZ4aWJOh/ZZ/KhGdQDvUsf2PM3/jifhbyoGPRrXoC9r6zHL7O2Yk0L8dy/8a94HT4Y+A5WIQ7TZg5E99KdCdMCfKUABZwhUPpWdUZlrIMCFPA8Aavn+wu2Y9u8vy3O9xsvAGzTCM1SxiNhwXMYPehBySH9Qpz+/A3EH9QCeYswvVFdGO7vF+/15z3+nrdlsceuFFAJgiC4cgWsmwIUoAAFKEABeQnwm7+84sHWUIACFKAABVwuwOTvcmKugAIUoAAFKCAvASZ/ecWDraEABShAAQq4XIDJ3+XEXAEFKEABClBAXgJM/vKKB1tDAQpQgAIUcLkAk7/LibkCClCAAhSggLwEmPzlFQ+2hgIUoAAFKOByASZ/lxNzBRSgAAUoQAF5CTD5yysebA0FKEABClDA5QJM/i4n5gooQAEKUIAC8hJg8pdXPNgaClCAAhSggMsFmPxdTswVUIACFKAABeQlwOQvr3iwNRSgAAUoQAGXCzD5u5yYK6AABShAAQrIS4DJX17xYGsoQAEKUIACLhdg8nc5MVdAAQpQgAIUkJcAk7+84sHWUIACFKAABVwuwOTvcmKugAIUoAAFKCAvASZ/ecWDraEABShAAQq4XIDJ3+XEXAEFKEABClBAXgJM/vKKB1tDAQpQgAIUcLkAk7/LibkCClCAAhSggLwEbCT/K8jd0QsN+3yFNHm1l62hAAUoQAEKUKCaAuWTvy4NKUuewPPRW5Hvrapm9SxOAQpQgAIUoIDcBMonfwDXC97Gp4f6oW6JYGyvFoU7eyBQ1Q6ROy5a6YNpfn/EnbpmZb446Rz2vOIHleoJ9D/6l5VljPOjV2GfTpxdiNPLmkKlUkFlc72A7lQcos2WMbVFLGftvxXC3voW+4r0K7HSDjlOysOp5MHosSQDWjk2j22iAAUoQAFFCZRP/uowhL8ajsDyc5zUsWQkvfoxkoorm3wfQqdOJ3FwVyryyrWgEGf278aPzW9DQLl5DyFiez4EQZD830BReh/02vkUHh33NVIr24Rydbt5QsEmrHpmPdI1PBLjZnmujgIUoECtFHBZirep1TkC4QfjEbcwBfk2F5LOaISuPVoDc3diU4FFttal4LsZj2P+m62lBewMa+DdciqmvtkV/qvWY9lpW0cp7FTBWRSgAAUoQAGFC7g/+Xv3xdTVD0Iz5W3EWT38bynqhcLo8RiPZCQdvWQ2U3d6I97q3ROPNKxjNr1yI+eR/luxjUW1KE5bjOXjAstOHURORtzWU8YdFtMpikXYduDfeCHQeHohcjLGHsk1PzSvv4YiEpGmUxBm9ZhWfwW5hycgvouXYX2BL6B/cqZhXQWLMbllHN7TapE3siW8Al/D4oI/DKdQIidj0VthCBTrDnwNn12Yj8mBKnjF75EcJTGdBjGdsjG1/V189k2MRduzUZA+F7MHepe2I+ZQXml/DKdYAhG4/FTpNFMP+EoBClCAAsoRcH/yx82o2281Fg7ZV/nD/7f/C9Ev5yDzwkVJ0inEmb1H0PSJB+BXJe+/8cf5LOShMULv8bZesjgJi56fgo9abMef+tMGxciZchLpvd5EgvSahh0v4cnl7dAz5ToEIRenYn9CaqeRiDHt1OhSsPHfHdD5cF+MzBaXuYGiRddQ9PTT6JF0wdiXK8jZEIl2ndOQEncCfwolKNrVAPWeecqwjN9ozM5YhEkaDQISM3AjdyZG+10xtHvfVixuuB7HhWv4be0Q9G6gsd4fa1N3zMfEfX3w78wSCCXHseuhzzC/UyPc8e5NuOf9S/r+ZLxxDEld38aM7H/0NahbLMJ2IRe5I1qgCmuytnZOowAFKECBGhSwmfw1HTbg2po+CDNr3E/YF+1f9m3Y9G1W5QW/qN2Sb5tmhcqPqFvgmXdewbBKH/6/He0fexD5XxzCQdORf/GQ/8we6NfhtvL125xyBbnfj8U7089BM2wAYpvXs7qkLvsg9hyPRkREM/jrl6iPwKhk7BU2YFELSZmAOLw+cwQG3n0TgACEDFiGNyYewKavfkYedCjcPQUvrX4cI18bblxGA+/QD7BwayOkxyxFongaQ3cE2xN/Qf6kyVg7oAX8oYZ36BgMHfsHUlfsLuuvtZYGPIm4gWHwR100imgBG7sy1koCAUORMK03InzUgDoU7aNDEYB+krYGoHlkOLppf8D+9ELrdXAqBShAAQooUsBm8rfeG2sX0YkX1N1AwY7uVi66s16LOFUdNAlvfV7Zw/914Pvwsxi/PxlJxvP0hkP+UejtZ6sL1nZUvHF3Px2uzjmCY8ufRWsbRdVB4egRvgmJq7Zg31fvYnFagfWOtGqLiEAx8Zv+/BHUzB/aNbuwqeBP/Lg9BXkBTREWIF1GA+9GIeim3ak/jSH244vd/vBvFmjc0RDraoJu7xdA2D4METbaaFojXylAAQpQgAJVFajB1FIfd/ddJDn8f4v9tvtFI/rlfdh0IEv8To2zO9PR6fmHEADToQDL4tIdFfEq/2mY1Kku/Ad0Q7+IBxFmr+feAzFp605sbrEbWz96A3H3N4BKFY3IBTsqd4tg3lmk5RkOlSNvFuIa1DE7WlKn5WLssGyuu8dbNUWo+K2ffxSgAAUo4HECNfvpr24vOfx/FNbu/i+LyL2lh/5TtCnY/UkMRrdvUDbb7pB4lX8C3t3wKp5cPxQxr63D7oru8/eJwOPDlmLOgRsQSk7iyGd+uGdWNB59ex/MLzu0smLpt/2oldhbIr3d0DT8I/ZG3WGlMCdRgAIUoAAFXCtQs8nf7PD/DLx/6Lqd3mpKD/1v+XwNVvynC8Kr2HrxVMPbnzyO8M+mYOCiyt5qKDYyDB0GzcILMb7QHs9Cqs54dv3EWaSb7UTkI/tMPjSDeqC3X0O0i24PzZ4fsS/XeBRA3zstio/GIFJleCCSuvmzeK57PvLP5EpufTQ94MjeQ5OsUPmEICSUl+JZkeEkClCAAhSQCFQxfUpKOm3QdPj/FA4ftpf8AegP/R9A4iQdOkYGO3DFuXjh3jK8904d5Nu51dBwS1s0Itebbu3TojjjM2zdBbT+T3c8ojbeIpj3CRKmbzKeCsjDqSXPInre83h9TDgCoIZv91n4ImY13nltOdbliDsAYj0z8Nb4jUibNREJ4sWD6o7oGR+F8PdmY/DOHP0dALqcT/Dxp9nwNy0jJvUuhtsZ1YX5KLR1pkPdHuH97oV2zeeYkS5ep2BY34y39lf+YkynxZUVUYACFKCAXAVkkPzFb9bGw//lH9Nn4SYe+m+Ny627op+NK/UtClgZDUK7MXMwJ3w7kl6dh8X6pGy+mLrFHHz8fSf03NwODfV3NHjBp/uv+O2VHVjb516UokUMxqQ2X+DjEPGcfiBaHX4BHxyfhYQg4wV+6vZ4duH/Ibn9l0gMqguVylBP1uj92BvfQXInwQZ8figMbd8KhpdKhTpByTgyeF/ZMuqOeOzV7ggZ2RJ1/OIw5bSXeYNLx3zRPGYFto06gk1h4nUK96Dx8vvw9OuDEFW6jOMDvM/fcTuWpAAFKCAnAZUgPv+Wf1UUEB+U0xbdT8zF3m95RX4V8bg4BShAAQrUsEDpl9gabgdXTwEKUIACFKCAmwSY/N0EzdVQgAIUoAAF5CLAw/5yiQTbQQEKUIACFHCTAL/5uwmaq6EABShAAQrIRYDJXy6RYDsoQAEKUIACbhJg8ncTNFdDAQpQgAIUkIsAk79cIsF2UIACFJCpgEqlkmnL2CxHBZj8HZVjOQpQgAIUoIBCBZj8FRo4NpsCFKAABSjgqACTv6NyLEcBClCAAhRQqACTv0IDx2ZTgAIUoAAFHBVg8ndUjuUoQAEKUIACChVg8ldo4NhsClCAAhSggKMCTP6OyrEcBShAAQpQQKECTP4KDRybTQEKUIACFHBUgMnfUTmWowAFKEABCihUgMlfoYFjsylAAQpQgAKOCjD5OyrHchSgAAUoQAGFCjD5KzRwbDYFKEABClDAUQEmf0flWI4CFKAABSigUAEmf4UGjs2mAAUoQAEKOCrA5O+oHMtRgAIUoAAFFCrA5K/QwLHZFKAABShAAUcFmPwdlWM5ClCAAhSggEIFmPwVGjg2mwIUoAAFKOCoAJO/o3IsRwEKUIACFFCoAJO/QgPHZlOAAhSgAAUcFWDyd1SO5ShAAQpQgAIKFWDyV2jg2GwKUIACFKCAowJM/o7KsRwFKEABClBAoQJM/goNHJtNAQpQgAIUcFSAyd9ROZajAAUoQAEKKFSAyV+hgWOzKUABClCAAo4KMPk7KsdyFKAABShAAYUKMPkrNHBsNgUoQAEKUMBRASZ/R+VYjgIUoAAFKKBQASZ/hQaOzaYABShAAQo4KsDk76gcy1GAAhSgAAUUKsDkr9DAsdkUoAAFKEABRwWY/B2VYzkKUIACFKCAQgWY/BUaODabAhSgAAUo4KgAk7+jcixHAQpQgAIUUKgAk79CA8dmU4ACFKAABRwVYPJ3VI7lKEABClCAAgoVYPJXaODYbApQgAIUoICjAkz+jsqxHAUoQAEKUEChAkz+Cg0cm00BClCAAhRwVIDJ31E5lqMABShAAQooVIDJX6GBY7MpQAEKUIACjgow+Tsqx3IUoAAFKEABhQow+Ss0cGw2BShAAQpQwFEBJn9H5ViOAhSgAAUooFABJn+FBo7NpgAFKEABCjgqwOTvqBzLUYACFKAABRQqwOSv0MCx2RSgAAUoQAFHBZj8HZVjOQpQgAIUoIBCBZj8FRo4NpsCFKAABSjgqACTv6NyLEcBClCAAhRQqACTv0IDx2ZTgAIUcLeASqVy9yq5PhcJMPm7CJbVUoACFKAABeQqwOQv18iwXRSgAAUoQAEXCTD5uwiW1VKAAhSgAAXkKsDkL9fIsF0UoAAFKEABFwkw+bsIltVSgAIUoAAF5CrA5C/XyLBdFKAABShAARcJMPm7CJbVUoACFKAABeQqwOT//+3dCXhU5dn/8d+EoVhlqzXaBFBaUJCwVaWKxZdQEHzVf0VpoqKAVQELFVEExbrEpaLggktCUaGoFDURxQVaNgkVFURbQUIIIkXI8r7GV0MSrTTL87/OLJnJZBImy0nOJF+ui2vOzJzzPPfzuU/mPnO2cWpmiAsBBBBAAAGbBCj+NsHSLAIIIIAAAk4VoPg7NTPEhQACCCCAgE0CFH+bYGkWAQQQQAABpwpQ/J2aGeJCAAEEEEDAJgGKv02wNIsAAggggIBTBSj+Ts0McSGAAAIIIGCTAMXfJliaRQABBBBAwKkCFH+nZoa4EEAAAQQQsEmA4m8TLM0igAACCCDgVAGKv1MzQ1wIIIAAAgjYJEDxtwmWZhFAAAEEEHCqAMXfqZkhLgQQQAABBGwSoPjbBEuzCCCAAAIIOFWA4u/UzBAXAggggAACNgm4bWqXZhFAAAEEokCgqKhIq1atUmZmpg4cOOCJeOHChRo8eHAURE+IDRVwGWNMQxdmOQQQQACB6BVYtmyZZs6c6Sn0Y8eOrSr4VuHv2rVr1cBcLpesUuF/rHqDiagVoPhHbeoIHAEEEGi4wCeffKLExETPt37rsa5//qLvf6xrXt6LDgGO+UdHnogSAQQQaFIBa1f/Nddc49kAaNKGaSwqBCj+UZEmgkQAAQSaXiB4137Tt06LThag+Ds5O8SGAAIIIICADQIUfxtQaRIBBBBAAAEnC1D8nZwdYkMAAQQQQMAGAYq/Dag0iQACCCCAgJMFKP5Ozg6xIYAAAgggYIMAxd8GVJpEAAEEEEDAyQIUfydnh9gQQAABBBCwQYDibwMqTSKAAAIIIOBkAYq/k7NDbAgggAACCNggQPG3AZUmEUAAAQQQcLIAxd/J2SE2BBBAAAEEbBCg+NuASpMIIIAAAgg4WYDi7+TsEBsCCCCAAAI2CFD8bUClSQQQQAABBJwsQPF3cnaIDQEEEEAAARsEKP42oNIkAggggAACThag+Ds5O8SGAAIIIICADQIUfxtQaRIBBBBAAAEnC1D8nZwdYkMAAQQQQMAGAYq/Dag0iQACCCCAgJMFKP5Ozg6xIYAAAgggYIMAxd8GVJpEAAEEEEDAyQIUfydnh9gQQAABBBCwQYDibwMqTSKAAAIIIOBkAYq/k7NDbAgggAACCNggQPG3AZUmEUAAAQQQcLIAxd/J2SE2BBBAAAEEbBCg+NuASpMIIIAAAgg4WYDi7+TsEBsCCCCAAAI2CFD8bUClSQQQQAABBJwsQPF3cnaIDQEEEEAAARsEKP42oNIkAggggAACThag+Ds5O8SGAAIIIICADQIUfxtQaRIBBBBAAAEnC1D8nZwdYkMAAQQQQMAGAYq/Dag0iQACCCCAgJMFKP5Ozg6xIYAAAgggYIMAxd8GVJpEAAEEEEDAyQJuJwdHbAggELnAgQMHtGrVKmVmZqqoqKhqQes5/xBAAIFgAYp/sAbTCESpwLJlyzRz5kyNHTvW879nz57q2rWrBg8eHKUjImwEELBTgOJvpy5tI9BMAlbht771JyYmNlOPdIMAAtEswDH/aM4esSPgEzh8+DCFn7UBAQQiFqD4R0zFjAgggAACCLQOAYp/68gjo0AAAQQQQCBiAYp/xFTMiAACCCCAQOsQoPi3jjwyCgQQQAABBCIWoPhHTMWMCCCAAAIItA4Bin/ryCOjQAABBBBAIGIBin/EVMyIAAIIIIBA6xCg+LeOPDIKBBBAAAEEIhag+EdMxYwIIIAAAgi0DgGKf+vII6NAAAEEEEAgYgGKf8RUzIgAAggggEDrEKD4t448MgoEEEAAAQQiFqD4R0zFjAgggAACCLQOAYp/68gjo0AAAQQQQCBiAYp/xFTMiAACCLQegaKiotYzGEZSbwF3vZdgAQQQcJRASkqKhg8f7qiYCMbZApmZmVq2bJmsR/61TQGKf9vMO6OOUgH/h/Unn3yiAwcOaNWqVZ6R+B+jdFiEbaOA9Q3fv7741xnrceHChRo8eLCNPdO0kwVcxhjj5ACJDQEEAgKJiYmeJz179pT13/rwHjt2bGAGphAIEbAK/8yZM9W1a1fP+tKQdcblcskqFf7HkC54GoUCFP8oTBohI4AAAs0p4C/6/sfm7Ju+7BHghD97XGkVAQQQQAABxwpQ/B2bGgJDAAEEEEDAHgGKvz2utIoAAggggIBjBSj+jk0NgSGAAAIIIGCPAMXfHldaRQABBBBAwLECFH/HpobAEEAAAQQQsEeA4m+PK60igAACCCDgWAGKv2NTQ2AIIIAAAgjYI0Dxt8eVVhFAAAEEEHCsAMXfsakhMAQQQAABBOwRoPjb40qrCCCAAAIIOFaA4u/Y1BAYAggggAAC9ghQ/O1xpVUEEEAAAQQcK0Dxd2xqCAwBBBBAAAF7BCj+9rjSKgIIIIAAAo4VoPg7NjUEhgACCCCAgD0CFH97XGkVAQQQQAABxwpQ/B2bGgJDAAEEEEDAHgGKvz2utIpAswm4XK5m64uOEECgdQhQ/FtHHhkFAggggAACEQtQ/COmYkYEEEAAAQRahwDFv3XkkVEggAACCCAQsQDFP2IqZkTA2QIc+3d2fogOAScJUPydlA1iQQABBBBAoBkEKP7NgEwXCCCAAAIIOEmA4u+kbBALAggggAACzSBA8W8GZLpAAAEEEEDASQIUfydlg1gQQAABBBBoBgGKfzMg0wUCCCCAAAJOEqD4OykbxIIAAggggEAzCFD8mwGZLhBAAAEEEHCSAMXfSdkgFgQQQAABBJpBgOLfDMh0gQACCCCAgJMEKP5OygaxIIAAAggg0AwCFP9mQKYLBBBAAAEEnCRA8XdSNogFAQQQQACBZhCg+DcDMl0ggAACCCDgJAGKv5OyQSwIIIAAAgg0gwDFvxmQ6QIBBBBAAAEnCVD8nZQNYkEAAQQQQKAZBCj+zYBMFwgggAACCDhJgOLvpGwQCwIIIIAAAs0gQPFvBmS6QMBuAZfLZXcXtI8AAq1IgOLfipLJUBBAAAEEEIhEgOIfiRLzIIAAAggg0IoEKP6tKJkMBQEEEEAAgUgEKP6RKDEPAggggAACrUiA4t+KkslQEEAAAQQQiESA4h+JEvMggAACCCDQigQo/q0omQwFAQQQQACBSAQo/pEoMQ8CCCCAAAKtSIDi34qSyVAQQAABBBCIRIDiH4kS8yCAAAIIINCKBCj+rSiZDAUBBBBAAIFIBCj+kSgxDwIIIIAAAq1IgOLfipLJUBBAAAEEEIhEgOIfiRLzIIAAAggg0IoEKP6tKJkMBQEEEEAAgUgEKP6RKDEPAggggAACrUiA4t+KkslQEEAAAQQQiESA4h+JEvMggAACCCDQigQo/q0omQwFAQQQQACBSAQo/pEoMQ8CCCCAAAKtSIDi34qSyVAQQAABBBCIRIDiH4kS8yCAAAIIINCKBNytaCwMBYE2JeByudrUeBksAgg0nQDf/JvOkpYQQAABBBCICgGKf1SkiSARQAABBBBoOgGKf9NZ0hICLS7AoYAWTwEBIBAVAhT/qEgTQSKAAAIIINB0AhT/prOkJQQQQAABBKJCgOIfFWkiSAQQQAABBJpOgOLfdJa0hAACCCCAQFQIUPyjIk0EiQACCCCAQNMJUPybzpKWEEAAAQQQiAoBin9UpIkgEUAAAQQQaDoBin/TWdISAggggAACUSFA8Y+KNBEkAggggAACTSdA8W86S1pCAAEEEEAgKgQo/lGRJoJEAAEEEECg6QQo/k1nSUsIIIAAAghEhQDFPyrSRJAIIIAAAgg0nQDFv+ksaQkBBBBAAIGoEKD4R0WaCBIBBBBAAIGmE6D4N50lLSGAAAIIIBAVAu6oiNKhQbpcLodGRlhtSWDy5MlKSkpSWlqaVq1aJdbLtpR9+8dqrV/r1q1TXl6enn76aZ1zzjnatm2b/R0bV7JOAAAgAElEQVTTQ8QCxpiI5/XP6DINWcq/NI8IIIAAAgggEHUC7PaPupQRMAIIIIAAAo0ToPg3zo+lEUAAAQQQiDoBin/UpYyAEUAAAQQQaJwAxb9xfiyNAAIIIIBA1AlQ/KMuZQSMAAIIIIBA4wQo/o3zY2kEEEAAAQSiToDiH3UpI2AEEEAAAQQaJ0Dxb5wfSyOAAAIIIBB1AhT/qEsZASOAAAIIINA4AYp/4/xYGgEEEEAAgagToPhHXcoIGAEEEEAAgcYJUPwb58fSCCCAAAIIRJ0AxT/qUkbACCCAAAIINE6A4t84P5ZGAAEEEEAg6gQo/lGXMgJGAAEEEECgcQIU/8b5sTQCCCCAAAJRJ0Dxj7qUETACCCCAAAKNE6D4N86PpRFAAAEEEIg6AYp/1KWMgBFAAAEEEGicAMW/cX4sjQACCCCAQNQJUPyjLmUEjAACCCCAQOMEKP6N82NpBBBAAAEEok6A4h91KSNgBBBAAAEEGifgbtzibXtpl8vVtgEYPQIIIIBAiwsYY+odA8W/3mTVF2gIevUWAs+sjYmmaq8p2/JH2NRtOrk9J8dm5YP4/Gtlwx6d7Ofk2Fj3Gra+BS/V1PkNbrs+0+z2r48W8yKAAAIIINAKBCj+rSCJDAEBBBBAAIH6CFD866PFvAgggAACCLQCAYp/K0giQ0AAAQQQQKA+AhT/+mjZPG9TnexnV5jE13BZ7BpuZy2JX8P9sGu4XTSsew0dHcW/oXIshwACCCCAQJQKuIzTNwujFJawEUAAAQQQcKoA3/ydmhniQgABBBBAwCYBir9NsDSLAAIIIICAUwUo/hFlplyl28brvPZzlXa4svoSlVnavmiERrhcnruuuVxjNOKp15WR+5/q8zXLswLtWTNdc85r740lfpKSV+eosFn6jryTyryXtHRmvM8rXife8nwLefliPpym2+L9+QvzGH9HzbxHPtwmm9NxbjVGVqy9i3v78hrsGK/4Z/eovMb8LfRC5Xa9Nqmj2s95RwUtFELYbksytfa+BMX7PkvaT3xMT+4+HHbWZn2xJFPrngr+jBughPv+qsySkM/CZg2qrs5y9dGDPZyVX0fVCa8dxb+udcjzXrlKs+5Qyi2rtSU29F7+3yrv1d/q3BVDNPCDPJUZo4rcK/X/3p+g8U9uaeYPlm+Vl36JBszrrGOf+cpzdrTJnaWpG0cp4aFtztkAKH1JCy66QU/88gOPlzGf6Z/npGr8lU8ro7SFPky6TNPD+cZrZvyPZSrZeqUSdZGSXp+jaV1a9k+lMjdF1/Vap4+nZHvjLH5RaZVzlXzdcmW2EFvNP51CHcr5RnHPZPty67fMV/7kvnLGvcStv9np+v0L39YMvyVfsTZIpl2iCUX3aUVxhYzJ164L1+j1hKuUvK2o5SKz4vr9xbpo+280JfeIZ92ryJ2l67KTdP7MVdrpmHXPT1SgPYsm6PY3/sf/ggMenVQngjisE/74V4tAxS7zYdpI0+/ed8yHf+plFDfXpBZVBGau2GCeG9HBxD2TbcoCr5qK7GlmpPv26vMGvW/LZFGqme12h41ltJLMtOx/29Jt/RotM4fXjTTuUBtP7ANM4trC+jVn59wlK8zDQzuY2HlbzZd29hNR2/vMxlmdjXv2RpMfPL/T3JwWT7CVZ7rMlGTNMFd1OMMM+4W7pmeN+ZvrhVr+Lio2mCUjWzZO67NstM6s8bdZ2+vNJRaun4rcFWbxhCEm6f3MFnerFp+T6kRQYC37dSZoI8R5k8XKeXacLto/R+l3DlWXcAGW5Cjn3dPU55QTqn2riYlL0BlarYxtX4dbypbXKguytKN8UNhYBrlf1+vvHnDObtewAtnK+eIrh8SYq4+enKPbDtyilN8NUWzYeJvxxcNr9bcnTtGwUQMVF9xtl2maX7ZTm0afEPxqi01718G+6ndyxxaLoc6OSzOUOn6ZPv3z3ZrYqc45m/lNtzqfv0FlZfNafA9T6MBj+qZqrfmolnUs3zl/s5UbtWTIPKVPeF0vn+2YA0xeTgfVieD8UvyDNapNH6v4YWuVtWC0EmLCH7/3ftj9oNpSgSfOKWau2HIVfpbvgF3/bnUeep0eSEjT4nWHfIX+W+VvW61lP3pQT1x5WrWNqIBl805V5j6nRfccq4FPTNWUFt7db428qqh2Phh07NVpx13LVXooR++4j9EJL50ZdNx6gVLez3fARp13g+7OM/+sN5I6ql3zrlL1760yS1sfnqGpmyfrDzOGVd/oq39rNi0xTJee19MRf7OKGahz17+nDed3k9OKmlPrhNOcbFpJG9KsW50STqnjW5/3w+7ThjRtwzLW3oZB7pobKdaK94mTzmrqeKVmv3y1fpLcU+09JzZ1VLcxxynp7zcqqaMTVsdi7Vu9XEtjx2nq6B4O+GDzr2f7lfHrWZrfd7nWe85LWKeVsbfrghmvO+S463f6n/0HVD6sl06a8k/le2Is0zdzv1Xx2Ks0viWPW8s6YXeOLlw4QyueGKueTljNav0M8J002a6/ht4Ro9PuG6+k+Nq+YNTaiL1vVG7XqnnP651rr9DU046xt6+IW49VQoKjduf4Ivf//UY8kGab0dF/Bs2m0Bo66jJJN/3lGG25/2ml5Xk3AirzlumRO9/Ud79wxqlW8nwIj9fwAd+rd1aR7wS7MpVkxenw4N9puhPObK7crndfyVXsjEuU5IBv/YFVM1/uPy7S387v5tsgiVPf8VM1Y/m9umnDV4HZWmyqs06buk9m0z2a1s1frNzqePoEXTzxH8q4+7UWOzGxMvcB3TTsGyW+NdkhG5h1Jcnn6Dl5eLJ+vWaEBk9+zSEbeFbcBdqz+Hpdvv9WPXHfxRpIBakrmY5+j9Q1OD1udezRRwMavHxTL3icuiW/oV237dW2IR3kcsXrJ4+69NPHXtQ1x7VT7KnxdezFaOpYamvvC32YsVpbb75Kd/bzn0XhVsd+M3Tt71/TM8s+buYrJGrGWbn3NaVv+rWSxg5ygFdwfPE1zudQpz7qc95e5xx3DQ63ajpW3U+NlT7dp90tcWmY9S117uN66/4UpZ7dtSqqaJiI6TZNc+8ertilL2vx3u8dELJ1Jv0FGjDjLE1ZfHPQRp4DQnNsCE6rEwEoin/Aot5Tte1q9zZ0es0P63r3UN8F4tTn4hV63nPZWr6+fGySkrrsDntSYn1bbpL5D6/V2hXFYZryFojy5Rv0euh9FMLMbd9Lxdq3ea3WxfVWQpz/26t9vUXWsludf3GZrg5zSCey5dv2XJV7l2nx8mIVzj1HJ/rvxdFulK7bWK7yBSMV70rW9D1OKKx15Wm/dh8srWsG+9+zzkGYN8pb+Hc8ptSqjXf7u472HpxXJ7yiFP/GrFm1fPOqOkGrOc96rtyo54b8WCPWVd8FbMXyD+ta9bOPb8xIm2bZLmM0ZnznMG0VKvezQrmvHqVLW3JXe+V2bcn4ouXjCBXqNETnjN+vLRt2Vt8z4jmLeISGDfxJy5+bULlRS0e1D3NjlZbNrfdsdf/9BnyPFRu0ZKRb7tkblW/Sldq3pY9b+47z13IzqUL3+S3691uZ96TmDh+soesu0R92UvhD/zyP+txJdSI42KDL/pisVeCwyQl3nb8pNbmvDDFu97VmWlaRZ+mK3D+bR684rgWuIfbFmJhiUnOP+GJZYZ6b3ssMTD9Q7T4EtQ7T9je811lfEneTmbY623f9vPe1Ce4LTNLWb2yPoM4OarlXQp3LNMubZaZk65UmURcFjCp2mQ8e7Gc6XPOq2RF064lmCSdsJ94YhwX9LRjjv67+BnPPIe86GXbR5n7RAdfP1xhyyQrz0KDOpt+inVX3lajIfcLMCXmtxnJ2v1Cywswf5jaKm+6sHNY1bsfl10l1IgDHN//gLaF6Tx+nbv89X6sf26/dCV09tzVt1/1RLTn9z1rR7JfndNZpk9/Qh8mZyuhuHfN3qd3Vn2jn1X/Xx0mntPw3Q4+tdXz/US1ff5oGr/uVbzdse/3ooVN01o6XlR5lx2Trvbo0eAG3Op79gt7KGqkzF3b33j633RW6ruwR/e3JSx1y0pUV47N6ZXMPnXx/N98tfk/Wz54boHM/fkgp3Z1yGKXBSbB3QesqmLefU8qXV2iQ7/BEu6vzVPrgNmXeMKCFzj8p1t6/3KU5W8qlglTd28P7uWJ9tvj/O+4WyfZmqYGtO6lOBIbAT/oGLJhCAAEEEECgTQjwzb9NpJlBIoAAAgggEBCg+AcsmEIAAQQQQKBNCFD820SaGSQCCCCAAAIBAYp/wIIpBBBAAAEE2oQAxb9NpJlBIoAAAgggEBCg+AcsmEKg6QRKMrX2+WRNig+6LGriAt31RnbQryvWfXOXpgumjpZqvTlPHctE8Fblnuka06i750Vm4+3nrKCbWxUo5+VRGuG5HC1e8c/u1uHdj+u2UUsj+m0Bq734+GcjmjcCBmZBwLECFH/HpobAolOgXKXZKZoz5gJN2HGRLv7wiO8HjPK1K/mf+uI3A5Xw0LagDYAWHmXMSF27oUxl83/l0J+Nrdsn9PfmK/c8oBlX/q++Tj+gMpOv/Mkd9PHSFM2P6Dd8y1V68HO1u/c8DeOTsW543o16AVbxqE8hA3CUQGmGFk35ox4/fYU2PDJJSVU3t7F+d+EFpW1JUsLc6UoOuQ2zo8YQ9cF00PFdjmvAja2+0IcvFerXTvmN+qjPAwNwsgDF38nZIbYoEyhX8QdL9PiWSzVl9oVh7rznVschf9AD949VUrf2QWPLU2bGFYFDBPGTlLw6p/regcosbV80wrc72yXXiNs0fc2ewDyH0zSnfXvFz0vXX+9LULxvt/eJtzyvjNwvlfP2+Kr2209M1Uu+n31WuN3+IX21n/iYnqz2c8vfKv/9FD18ZceqO73ViCdodOEny1WalaZnZ8YfpY26bQK7/XO1d3FvtTs9Tev0sTLHxMoVf6muSh6okY8WS+uu04h2wYcHwkR1eK3e3HCDksL+Rn25iteP8vwQ0A1r3tRjVWMfoxGLtiqr0teePw+L1uv9eaF58P7UtvS53rm1i1xjHtKLbwbyYhnetDXXc5iiyjZ+ksa/X6DyMOHyEgKNEaD4N0aPZRGoJvCFPlq7XQV1/SpgTIJ+eeedmpbg/0lj6yfS1ytz9+X6bU6FjClV3rKvVHjxLE3fVuRtvXK7Xvvt2Tr3g99oSq51GKFMJanfq+SSSzQq44uqwuCKLVfBHUs0/7SV2uH5Pfjbdd3265XcY6Qu+3Sa5uQamZLVWlR2mybe/Xb434j39fWL9KEavrtIxuTr06HPa9aguUrJtYpXuUq3Tdblw/drx42fqcxYP5ZTqry5u7T7olsDMVdzCfOkNEOpV83Vwr5r9WW1Nu5WSvCv7B3NpqrpY3Ta1H2qyJ6m0TpTiWsLZfJf11/Sd2rjrM7S6CXaVPGRNo0+oWqJ6hPlKt72pl6/+2i7/DO0+PqV+sgz9jKV7B6qIS8masT8wKEcTx6m3aLJWqz1FUam+EWlVc5V8oRUZZT6txIkrXtSszLHefNesUMbznxRTw7toRMe+oFOfuRrj332XZ8oY/j9esBjXz1iniHQKIHAbf6ZQgCBRgn4flBEo5eYTRH92E4tPxhVscE8N6KDiXsm25SZMnN43UgTpyQzLfvfQeF5X3e7bzepRRXGFKWaOXEK+UGpfWbjrM6mejwhfYb8CEpF9jQzWmeaxLWFgb6CfvCownjbdM/eaPIDcxhTLWZjvO2ExhxY4GjvGxMSp3/RsP0E4q0ZfzgDf2PBj/vMhhu7Vx938NtVeegf8kNZteTh2pXVf3DJYzjA174vpri53tx5+gmf55rjqRYUTxBosADf/Bu16cTCCNgj4IqpUOFn+SpWbXsT3OrYo49+Vb5eGdu+bqIg/q19m9dqnX6mfsE/R91lmuaXlSl/cl/FqJd+9chhlc0/XUWvPaCUlBQtXXqD5gy/QNdvivxno2O6D9OoYa/rmaVvKXPlQ0rLOhzxGPw2hREvEcGMlQe0//XxEfx07ukaNuCkoPMJaubBFLoVe04/9Qv+dO3UR32HZ3t+lrmpshXBqJgFgVoFglfPWmfiDQQQiEAgpqd6Dj5W+nSfdpcE7d6NYNGjzlIwT9O7tgscH7d+tdFzfDuwpKfonBpv8y/Alat0902aFB+vfuPe1eYfn6qDBxPUM+1tLRlZ6NlgiagoW79it2a93ui7UWsW3qXp/a1fxRyjEU+tU2ZT2wWIap2q3Pua7rt0tC7t0tCPxHzlfPGVjpb18h0HtLOyozeOAb3Vr1ND+6t1KLyBQEQCrHkRMTETApEInKKzxgxRXME+ZRX4T+6quVxlboYeeM263t9d883aXvEcs7aOr4f+r+s4dm2NNeL1ys1Kn5GmFf+9Ujsq1mrTjVcpJeVGTTv5c+XsrudpaZ0SdeG1f9L8d8tkKnZp64tddPK8MTr//kwVKPiEyEbEG9Gixfps01b1vnhQIy53jFefU07Q0T5Q3YN6amBMaURRMRMCdgocbV21s2/aRqCVCbjVeeh1utnanb1gTZgT6rzfmq/56Z3KqDhWP646Va92hiP6qWeDwv3OR8rMD96gsE68G68RjbqRTmi/P1Tv4WM0Wvu1+2BQgfJdEeAas1RZh3O0Z7Nq7NauLPlSX4U2V5/nMQk6++p5mjS+s6xvxzmVrvos3bh5K7fr7w+OimCXv9VNiI11AuShHL3jPr9qeeuEP+uQTbU9ICWW2+kaNmqgIj840rhhsTQCdQlQ/OvS4T0E6ivQMUm/WzxNV75wuUbdal1m5y/YBcp5e6KmDUrT32Y+pRXjTjnqt0Rv1zHqPHKeXhn/gv54x7O+S/SsGwk9oPtufk1Z82Yppe8x9Y2y1vljTpuqObPylTkvVWmeywG/Vf6Gx/TixjFKuu8yJfxojC646VgVrHhFz/guF6zMW6aFsx/R0oJam63xhvcSvTEa8bL/ckVrTC9qzQZp4PUj9V8xfrcai9bzhVh1PzXWt8z3KiwMs3eiJEefKtJd8B8rc95jSsm2zlGwNuZm6fcXHlK/FTdoStAhg/IFD2u8f2yla/TcDXP0+MQUPTGqtqsN6jksZkegkQIU/0YCsjgC1QXc6tjvCS371wql/nSZ0np08B2nj1f/9J/rlFd3KmvBaCXU5y8vZogue/ptrR7yqp7pbrXXXp1G/ksHpm3WpjlnN+0x/piBGjl/vT5MzlSGp6+O6javvwZ+8IxWnN1VUi8l3vwnLRm0WNM977vUYW6hvrlipVZal9RF+C+m73z9+b2huuCNs3Si554E3jEdvHVdPTaMIumss3pfPEO3fzdVI9r9TINW7QvZ3xLpJX7+vkYr8bKe+uF93bx5GFWk71e9qQ1Jp1QdxPGce3HzpZq6d5wGWWPrdJsePz1D6xeODXPvB3+7PCLQvAIu6zqB5u2S3hBAAIFoE7Bu8nOB+o4+Xpdmv6DU2va2WDf5OeEmLU/7VAcn963aIIi20RJv6xeoz/eP1q/BCBFAAAEEEGgDAhT/NpBkhogAAggggECwALv9gzWYRgABBBBAoA0I8M2/DSSZISKAAAIIIBAsQPEP1mAaAQQQQACBNiBA8W8DSWaICCCAAAIIBAtQ/IM1mEYAAQQQQKANCFD820CSGSICCCCAAALBAhT/YA2mEUAAAQQQaAMCFP82kGSGiAACCCCAQLAAxT9Yg2kEEEAAAQTagADFvw0kmSEigAACCCAQLEDxD9ZgGgEEEEAAgTYgQPFvA0lmiAgggAACCAQLUPyDNZhGAAEEEECgDQhQ/NtAkhkiAggggAACwQIU/2ANphFAAAEEEGgDAhT/NpBkhogAAggggECwAMU/WINpBBBAAAEE2oAAxb8NJJkhIoAAAgggECxA8Q/WYBoBBBBAAIE2IEDxbwNJZogIIIAAAggEC1D8gzWYRgABBBBAoA0IUPzbQJIZIgIIIIAAAsECFP9gDaYRQAABBBBoAwIU/zaQZIaIAAIIIIBAsADFP1iDaQRaVKBAOzN2q9AfQ8kWZew87H/Go+0C5Sr55E1lllTa3hMdINDSAhT/ls4A/QcJHFFB+plyuVxyuXorIeOQpALtWTNdc85r73vdpfYTFyjl/XyVBy3p/MlCffTQiXL1fkQZYQO33h+kQW/v0ZfWYMozND92lFJyihs+tMNpmtN+nKbv+d7bRujziFoOjrv0KGOIqMFaZrKrH986Vat7IJzybeP185+vaYbi/w+tvPoYHTP/Ix0JdB9myjuf9+/hBqXkh11xwizHSwgcXYDif3Qj5mhugV4LlF62T1lJxysv/RINuKREuQ8fVJkxMiZfuy5cq82/nKLx24qaO7Io6q9cxR++pseHX6Sk046xtiZCnkfRUBoVagfFJX8ss+9WJbkb1VATLnyGxi3/Xt/POUsd6mzVmu+w8l85o865eBOBhghQ/BuixjLNJJCjrW/uVPn4sfrDuXHyfnbHqU/yXE0YuVavr/yHCjyRFCjn7fGaFG/tMXDJFT9JyatzvLvPyzP0SG9XtW9Z5duS1ds1QsnbSuWfHjfuRO+yY5Yqs+yQti8aoRGePRDWnoZUvZT3H++YK7O0dV6C4qvee0xP7vbvmvd9U5v0mrJqE/ruU+2637/8ACXc91dllhTpo4cSNGRuofTCOPW32m6frNuOHNHu5JM9sX/viXmMxt15ni+ueJ14y8rAt9T8FE2q2ltidf6dCvbnKvbyczXM81ceeP5fyqo2vmpeKldpdkpgT8uIe/Xyju9CRlOu8l2P6+ErO8rlGqMRi7Yqy7On/Fvlf3BLYFmXf3zhdqM3pp+QcMLsHXKNuE03bc1Xhap/86/Me0lLZ8YH7UXy5s9aD/qek6HPtVj3djvfs26E9qKSjXq1all/LrzrkbVxVbrbb2Kth3WNPfDNv7w8Qwu6tdeJtwSb36GUbP86VSMKXkCgaQQM/xBwjMD3Jv+VM4x6LTDpZVZQh03On3oZxU00SW/vMV+GjbPU5L4yxMRptBm5LtdUmFKTt/ZCk6j+ZmD6AVNRlm4W9JLp8PB2871v+bKtSaaXEk3S1hLjnZZxX7vS7Kj4xny86TNz0NPeRSZp6zfGlKww84e5jUYvMZsq/s9s/2N3o8QUk5p7xBiTb7LTBhq3+3fmnkPW87r+fWm2z4s1Un/T78F3za6KClOy9UqTqDNN4tpCY4zv/YkrzS6rmbJ083CHDqZf+kFPo/44/X1X5D5hbh/m9sUdpt+KDebZs473tW2MqXr+v+bwupEmTr7x+cYQpyQzLfvfxhSlmtlut4m9da3ZVXHEZylfTkp8Y4gLed9n7V923lbzpakwJVkzzAS328Q9k2086QwO0z9vA/oJbasie5oZ7cu/9Z7fxpuzsqB16n/NxlmdjRIfM+klFcaUrDbPXnGcL7fGty5MNffkhfZgBb7Pt6w391V9+NajikP3mGur3AIxeNer4IFb0x+bV6/q4Fkny3zrp/zrb8UOs2FWnFHcdN865fubUG1xhbbNcwQiE1BkszEXAs0hEFr8jTHFG0zGTXFGkvd/4hwz7bkXTOquIm9AFRvMkpFu45690eRXhej7oB69xOw4Eknx9xdgb5G02pO/CFe1aXyFcUCgoFrvlaWb+fG1FLjgZf3FPW6uSS2q8L4TtGFS5n/f32/Y4h8UpynzFXFf0a7WlzFWQRzpvr2qr8DzI95iWFVcghf0+QfH6C96ng0yX/EP9/7oJWb3wXvMRN9GV7jyGeipcf1s8vEF2gud8m1IeWIOLv77PUU3fEE+SvHPs8YWzt/aiPzSt5EalNs681Oz+Fdbf30bRtZGU7mh+Idml+dNI8Bu/6bZgUIrdgl0GqnfLMyXqdil9568Ry9d9qF2Xz9R0/sna9T6PFVWfq3/y5ZiT41XbFUM3XX6L3pLn3+tnHB7nKvm8090UmwX67i4pMqv9fWBcnVIOFm9/W/7Hsv3ZOq18k+VOSa2arextXt+Tn65vv6mVBUh84d9euzxij2uoX92Z2l4/66+Zt3q2KOPBqhQhYdDTwQr1r7Na7X55vN1aRerr+DnP9BJv5yk23st1r09OsjaPT59SYYycq3DGsXK239IGtBb/Tr5Y/RZBg/m/LM03NOu9WKsup8a67HeddK1mjjr/7QzuafaW4cDnvqLHngv3ImZjeunMFxOSzK1KiVFjz56l56dOch7CCU4Zs90Nw2dOFLDlo7ToHbWYZM/KeWp932HLGrMXO2F8kO79Z5+pn4nd/S97lbnhGE63/OsXMXfFIe4+d8Pl59qTasyt4NOG3Kq4vwvd+qjvsPlWadCM+ufhUcEGivg/wtvbDssj4C9AjEJOvfGFF1x4yZtqvhQKye+p42/e0krm/3TMVFJW0usPWbV/h/95C17eaq3XqhDWUc0bNRAX0Gp/jym2wzNe7dIee/O14vX/EuldyUrucdlSt7muyqgemORP4s5WSMfyVfFoXQ99/QgXfD+VN017CzFP7QtcPli5K1FPGdlboqu6zNCSfuPU5G6Ki/xVW2YF9gUDDT0A8WPXq1Nng3JKXqy61N6ZsYv1X/k48ooDbdFEViSKQRamwDFv7VltDWNx3NpWnvFP7un+mV9MQM19KI+3pHG9NaPT5cKP8sPKjC5yv5wn9TrePWpsYaX67virxV6ClsVW8zxOr6nW0eyDmpf1YveCXffRF3m3qItO3OrxxMyn31PP9LmXf4rHMpVeihHn6qP+vXw7bXwd3x4rdYu+kXgW2roc898xyl+2GxdPSldzx9M14Jeq/Xm5jyd+LMe0qf7tLvqWnefpb9t63H9R9p82F8sC5X7WaH0y5+pn+9s+pjuSbpu+nzd9tK/tH1euQqfe1eZ1TbSOqtbE/TjDalY+1Yv19JjF2jF0tm6f9YspYw9Sa6v6riIzr8heXeWDm5NUq/MN5WRVesa4ekmpkusemm/dh8s9UmUqzhri9Z7nrsUGVUAAARySURBVLnV+UedQ9z878cqtkvdlxnEdD+ivds/8528KqkkR3s2n6hePz3pKFcD+ELhAYEGCNT4aGxAGyyCgD0CXX6t5Ht/ooJ75mm8/+x9z9no8/T4wizFXn+eEn/QT2Om/FyxCx7WBOswgL5V/roZuv/RkzXw+pHq/4MzdMbYzjry19VakvcfVeYt13NLtwY+aEMjjznH017cC0t1r3UpYeVObbw1Xq74O5Smy33xLNBNnjP8v1X+e7/VxPYDNWLdV6EtNez5/xTJv1vb9eMKfVP0bdCGxsfasvwVz5UHlXlpmnffZhXOTtbU+ODiEnpJX+jzYu1d3Fuu+Os03TOGcpXu3aKdXwzQ0MG9dfKY6zS7cIFSHtigrMr/KP+9B/T8ipB7DRS8pdSXslSoIz7rU5V41X/p9D3TNcY6y/1Pn3o3xEq365Md38l92RkaFhyiOiiuEf0khJP9LluZe60z5AuU8/JU3f9oSMzWMpX/1NJR7dV+4vPa6Nm4KdC+f+ToC/c5Sux7rK/Vr1VYXG1LxfN6TN9bdNusz5Q5L1VpNdajH6r3RVfr2io3qSo/116hqZ5LLcMFHXitfPnzmvV+gSqt9e3+B7QgdpKmj+4WmIEpBJpaoGlOHaAVBJpCIMwJfxW7zNYXk8zEON8Jf9aJf9bZ/y9uNbuqTvzKN3veujIwT8jVARW5fzaPWmd1+5adtizJjK92tr/3zP+qEVTsMh+mJZrEqpMM55p7dvtOMCzeZP52bz8T53+vWl/eE7nCnizoP6Gv6koG78mCgSsRyj1nx3vHaZ3Z/ZXnSgJPPxNXmi88Vyj0N/2mjPPF1d/0u3eN2VTsQ/CckNbL9Ev/0Gy4+figM+z3hTy3TqIMGYNGm8S0D3yeZaYk6zHzkN8rcbqZZU0Hn/CXeIt50H8SZrXxh+RBcSb25mUm3XMlRKhNY/oJOQmu2kmhVp+LzEueHFknQ5YEne1vXYEQNDYrh4lzzIwP8rxXI/jP/pfluN+7XPBZ9tX6GW0u+8Mwk+hbj4wJGY91VUfY/FhXb4Q54W/CzeZm66oSybgnPGqeyPKtb5zwV/VnyUTTCris5pp6g4L2EGiYgHVN9rmKv+NKpe9x0k1ZGjaaplzKex16oc7Y+pbSz/afdNaUPdBWfQW8OZHGZL+g1L4hh17qaqxyo5aOvkDTRn+g0lv+pYV9k3XnlO06HPamP76/icuH6J68p5VSbS9PXZ3wHgJ1C7Dbv24f3kUAAQQk3/knJ/pPXixdo2UL1+jz0Rf47qBYD6SgY/rVjobUowlmRaCxAhT/xgqyfNMLfD5bye399/Zv+uZpEYF6C3SZpJl/v1HXrB6mE607MHa6XnfEpSp9ydVKjPhTtFzF60cpvut0LRg2RdPPPekoYVh3Auyi+Mv/cZT5eBuB+guw27/+ZiyBAAIIIIBAVAtEvM0a1aMkeAQQQAABBBCoEqD4V1EwgQACCCCAQNsQoPi3jTwzSgQQQAABBKoEKP5VFEwggAACCCDQNgT+P5/ZlMUMA4iHAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Chloroethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl, can undergo polymerization. Draw a section of the polymer with three repeating units.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>substitution <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«free-»radical<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>substitution <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>chain</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award [1] for “«free-»radical substitution” or “S<sub>R</sub>” written anywhere in the answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Two propagation steps:</em><br>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + •Cl → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + HCl</p>
<p>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + Cl<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl + •Cl</p>
<p><em>One termination step:</em><br>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• → C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + •Cl → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>•Cl + •Cl → Cl<sub>2</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept radical without • if consistent throughout.</em></p>
<p><em>Allow ECF from incorrect radicals produced in propagation step for M3.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{C}} = \frac{{24.27}}{{12.01}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>24.27</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>12.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> = 2.021 <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{H}} = \frac{{4.08}}{{1.01}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4.08</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> = 4.04 <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{Cl}} = \frac{{71.65}}{{35.45}} = 2.021">
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>71.65</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>35.45</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2.021</mn>
</math></span></p>
<p>«hence» CH<sub>2</sub>Cl</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{24.27}}{{12.01}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>24.27</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>12.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> : <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{4.08}}{{1.01}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4.08</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> : <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{71.65}}{{35.45}}.">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>71.65</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>35.45</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</math></span></em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. </em></p>
<p><em>Award [2] for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>molecular ion peak(s) «about» <em>m/z</em> 100 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> «isotopes of Cl»</p>
<p>two signals «in <sup>1</sup>H<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>NMR spectrum» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signals in» 3:1 ratio «in <sup>1</sup>H<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>NMR spectrum» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>one doublet and one quartet «in 1H<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>NMR spectrum» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>1,1-dichloroethane</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “peaks” for “signals”.</em></p>
<p><em>Allow ECF for a correct name for M3 if an incorrect chlorohydrocarbon is identified</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Continuation bonds must be shown.</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore square brackets and “n”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-25_om_08.18.53.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/05.d/M"> .</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other versions of the polymer, such as head to head and head to tail.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept condensed structure provided all C to C bonds are shown (as single).</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Propane and propene are members of different homologous series.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the full structural formulas of propane and propene.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Both propane and propene react with bromine.</p>
<p>(i) State an equation and the condition required for the reaction of 1 mol of propane with 1 mol of bromine.</p>
<p>(ii) State an equation for the reaction of 1 mol of propene with 1 mol of bromine.</p>
<p>(iii) State the type of each reaction with bromine.</p>
<p>Propane:</p>
<p>Propene:</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Propane:</em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMkAAABsCAYAAADAF5ZYAAAHyElEQVR4Ae3dT2iTdxgH8G/qcApdO0TBN4IUJ2WHbbilp9FDsC49jDIQ0oNs69TDYAXx4FJacKcyIS0F2WHs8MZJy8AxZerBWZfQQy8djQ4RaoKHwtwyaNlIWhYVkt94a+PbNG98KNbmfd/ft1D65vfkz5PP+3z7at/AC+WXr3xSxQwoI5ZUeYf3VMqYKgJDRcw5VXKoN2zJk32XVD45qAyEVCy54EBXVBkzqoCoMjNFh7q3lprALwpQ4LkCDMlzeVikAMCQcAooIAi8ItQ9V87Fu9Aar9e2gUi9UoPXvdl3GvGuPajLjWiDVTfn5X13JDFiSeSVglr3XcqYrg2ItSu92XcIseRCjbVSRWRMfwTE2je+C8nm/O7gs1DAFmBIbAtuUcBRgCFxZOEiBWwBhsS24BYFHAUYEkcWLlLAFmBIbAtuUcBRIGB9isaxwkUKUGBFgEcSDgIFBAHfnXFf+3537ty5crNYLK5ddv22F/uu9Gzhes1bGggeSSQh1rUXYEi0HwECSAIMiSTEuvYCDIn2I0AASYAhkYRY116AIdF+BAggCTAkkhDr2gswJNqPAAEkAYZEEmJdewGGRPsRIIAkwJBIQqxrL8CQaD8CBJAEGBJJiHXtBRgS7UeAAJIAQyIJsa69AEOi/QgQQBJgSCQh1rUXYEi0HwECSAIMiSTEuvYCDIn2I0AASYAhkYRY116AIdF+BAggCTAkkhDr2gswJNqPAAEkAYZEEmJdewGGRPsRIIAkwJBIQqxrL8CQaD8CBJAEeOkFSYh17QV4JNF+BAggCTAkkhDr2gs4hGQRqYEOBIJDSBXKtUDl+0h0BxHoTiDrUK59wFavFJBNXcJo39sIBAJPv4N9GL2SRs6V/VZ8PNr3chapn0bRF1y1DgQQ7BvFlXQO7uMuo5AaQjDQgYHUYgV+zc9HyCZ6EQj0IpF99GzdISTPat7bKP+J1FAU4Yt/4MCpSZSUglIlLE0dA65+htDxi7i/7L5dB4/2Xc7dwlDPMVycP4BT6cewriyoVB5TH2/D1Z4IjifuYdl7U1TbsXXNxOqvBZWMhRSMQZXMl6pL1q3SnDIjhkLEVBmHcu0DtmrlXzU78qFCeEzNLtU2Vnp4WZ0wDBUx51Rtdat6dHodj/a9NKNGwm+o8MiMWqp5W4/Vw8v9ykBUmZliTbVxCyWVTw4qAyEVSy44tFFUGTOqsK5v/1wOrnAbP47dRmR4FO821x4gm/YdwcDEt7iHJvwHoLn290VjVjzZdxmF337G2NR7GP7uHQfL7dgXOYWJy3MAngDY0RjbTXrV+iHJnUNX67n6LxOxS2uvl2evbs3W0+vzlVGY/RXjuU4Md7ahNiJWLy1oP/wR2te11ajevd33P5i9OYlc5At0HqwTgOZ2HD66XhtorHdl56cR79qDeOVmzc9o1YrzPFl3MQaRzJdW/51p/Vtz9bs0BzNiVD1J4288wd/zD5BrfCMb7MCjfZcXMf/7Xxt8r266ewix5II905XZVkVkzOqAWF3XP5Js4D15+WqrXu2dfW9gQF/wrvWPJC/4xFv78O3Y23YQbju+yQYe7btpN9oOBeW355N7+CQkTWjpOIJPjGlcmp6v8/f51b+Bu+r8jlf73oWO7giMyV8w/cA+n1CViZXzaQfRnbhfZ39U3dvVN3wSEuv/5e/j5HAnJsdv4I7TuZDlu7g2Pg3jUBv2uulde7LvJrSEP8Vw5DbGr911OBdSxvKdGxiffB2H2nbX+UOKq3NR1ZybxqWqsY3f2IH23q9g7k+gp39szRnfMpazNzHafxJf4nNMnO5Ey8af/CU+wqN9N7Wj9/xZ7B87if7RK0jnrD/1Wl8FZG+dR3/PCDB4DqfDu1fXvfvDRyGxTn68hRMXJnH9aCtmzoSwbeVjKdvwWvgHoOcbZK6fxWFju/v2lif7bkLzm324kP4eR3fN4Ezw1dWPAbUiPFFCz8QUrn/9AQwfTBg/Ku++yLAjlwn4IOcuE2U7vhPYlPMkblWpnN312jkFL/Zd6dmaBa95S/PLI4kkxLr2AgyJ9iNAAEmAIZGEWNdegCHRfgQIIAkwJJIQ69oLMCTajwABJAGGRBJiXXsBhkT7ESCAJMCQSEKsay/AkGg/AgSQBBgSSYh17QUYEu1HgACSAEMiCbGuvQBDov0IEEASYEgkIda1F2BItB8BAkgCDIkkxLr2AgyJ9iNAAEmAIZGEWNdegCHRfgQIIAkwJJIQ69oLMCTajwABJAGGRBJiXXsBhkT7ESCAJMCQSEKsay/AkGg/AgSQBBgSSYh17QUYEu1HgACSAC+9IAmxrr0AjyTajwABJAGGRBJiXXsB/4SkkMJAMIDgQAoFh91azibQHQi672qwnuy7jEJqCMFABwZSiw7aq1c6DvQika1zdV6HR7l1yT8hcasw+/K8AEPi+V3IN/CyBRiSly3M5/e8gO+umZiLd6E1Xm+/GIjUKzV43Zt9pxHv2oO63Ig2WHVzXt53RxIjlkReKah136WM6dqAWLvSm32HEEsu1FgrVUTG9EdArH3ju5Bszu8OPgsFbAGGxLbgFgUcBRgSRxYuUsAWYEhsC25RwFGAIXFk4SIFbAGGxLbgFgUcBfhReUcWLlLAFuCRxLbgFgUcBRgSRxYuUsAWYEhsC25RwFHgf+8bNnDtCrYLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt></p>
<p><em><strong>AND</strong><br>Propene:</em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> + Br<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Br + HBr</p>
<p> </p>
<p>«sun»light/UV/h<em>v</em><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>high temperature </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “reflux” for M2.<br></em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + Br<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Br<sub>2</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p>iii</p>
<p><em>Propane:</em> «free radical» substitution / S<sub>R<br></sub><em><strong>AND <br></strong>Propene:</em> «electrophilic» addition / A<sub>E<br></sub>Award mark even if incorrect type of substitution/ addition given. </p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Propan-2-ol is a useful organic solvent.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structural formula of propan-2-ol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in 1.00 g of propan-2-ol.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Classify propan-2-ol as a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol, giving a reason.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State a suitable oxidizing agent for the oxidation of propan-2-ol in an acidified aqueous solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the average oxidation state of carbon in propan-2-ol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the product of the oxidation of propan-2-ol with the oxidizing agent in (d)(i).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept the full or condensed structural formula.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1.00\,{\text{g}}}}{{\left( {12.01 \times 3 + 1.01 \times 8 + 16.00} \right)\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}} = ">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1.00</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>g</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>12.01</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1.01</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>16.00</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>g</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
</math></span><strong>»</strong> 0.0166 <strong>«</strong>mol CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub><strong>» </strong>✔</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>0.0166 mol × 6.02 × 10<sup>23</sup> molecules mol<sup>−1</sup> × 8 atoms molecule<sup>−1</sup> =<strong>»</strong> 8.01 × 10<sup>22</sup> <strong>«</strong>atoms of hydrogen<strong>»</strong> ✔ </p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept answers in the range 7.99 × 10<sup>22 </sup>to 8.19 × 10<sup>22</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>secondary <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>OH/hydroxyl is attached to a carbon bonded to one hydrogen</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>secondary <em><strong>AND</strong></em> OH/hydroxyl is attached to a carbon bonded to two C/R/alkyl/CH<sub>3</sub> «groups» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “secondary <strong>AND</strong> OH is attached to the second carbon in the chain”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«potassium/sodium» manganate(VII)/permanganate/KMnO<sub>4</sub>/NaMnO<sub>4</sub>/MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>«potassium/sodium» dichromate(VI)/K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Na<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>−2 ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>propanone/propan-2-one/CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Xylene is a derivative of benzene. One isomer is 1,4-dimethylbenzene.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="314" height="124"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bromine reacts with alkanes.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the number of 1H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Number of signals:</span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ratio:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Number of signals:<br>2 <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ratio:<br>3 : 2<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>6 : 4 <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Note: </strong>Accept any correct integer or fractional ratio. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept ratios in reverse order.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="322" height="134"> <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔]</span></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Br2 → 2Br• <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«sun»light/UV/hv<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>high temperature <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Do <strong>not</strong> penalize missing radical symbol on Br.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “homolytic fission of bromine” for M1.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="178" height="62"> <strong>[</strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">HBr <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept condensed formulae, such as CH<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept skeletal structures.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most students gained M1 but very few gained M2, suggesting that the correct answer of 2 signals may have been a guess.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another isomer of xylene was generally correctly drawn, but some candidates drew the original compound.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Drawing or describing the homolytic fission of bromine was generally done well.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very few students gained 2 marks finding hard to apply their knowledge of free radical substitution to a benzene containing compound. Many thought that the bromine will attach to the benzene ring or would substitute the alkyl group twice and not produce HBr.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Benzoic acid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH, is another derivative of benzene.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of the conjugate base of benzoic acid showing <strong>all</strong> the atoms and <strong>all</strong> the bonds.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The pH of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid at 298 K is 2.95. Determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, using section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest how benzoic acid, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 122.13, forms an apparent dimer, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 244.26, when dissolved in a non-polar solvent such as hexane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbQAAACICAYAAACP+x4kAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAACNcSURBVHhe7Z19jB3VdcDvgpIWl1AMRmQdPvxRsTZyiAMGWcKUbUrWRnEKwiBVlNppwFKkGioqeSGABFICRd4oqIb8k2CJOBJRZYywRDE4GBnFrghYfCQW9tLUWEAXuzg2IS40bfDr/O7O8c7O3jvz3tt5s2/unJ80nvdmZv1m7j1f99wzMz2NCKMoiqIoFeekeK0oiqIolUYdmqIoihIE6tAURVGUIFCHpiiKogSBOjRFURQlCNShKYqiKEGgDk1RFEUJAnVogfHkk0+aXbt2xd/G89Zbb9n9R44cibcoilIV0F0WF+g0+9DxOjOlDo3G7+np8XbS4OCg3a80z4oVK8yWLVvib+PZs2eP3X/48OF4i6J0DvR348aN8bfxEHSx3xd8KRNBd1lcoNPsQ8frjI7QFEXpCENDQ14De+jQIbuftaIUhTo0RVEUJQjUoSmKoihBMKUPJ2YOra+vzzz88MNmYGAg3joGKYlHH33U6POTm4c5x0svvdT09/fHW8agvZlfGx4eNhdccEG8VVE6A7J4yy23mLVr18Zbxti2bZu59dZbzebNm811110Xb1WykHoCV3sePXrU2sq6t2dXOLQ81KE1TzNFNOrQlDJoRhbVoTWPtmc+XZFyJOKgI9LLNddcEx+htALtSRCQXmhTRSkTdDit1yyuUYbSHC7dJkhVusShLV682EYV6UVHEYpSbdBhl26j84pSNFoUoiiKogSBOjRFURQlCNShKYqiKEGgDi0wmBy+7bbb4m/joZSf/eeee268RVGUqiAFNS5mzJhh9y1YsCDeUk+mtGy/Vd577z2zfv16a7DPOeeceGt9oT2YYL/zzjvtWlGqDM99/PznP++8J7VufPLJJ9bOTZ8+3axbty7equRRqRHatGnTzI4dO6zxxpjXGXFmcNlll9m1olQZZHrp0qXmkUceibfUE3Fm3Citty61RqUc2hlnnHHiyfwY87q+KiHpzGgPHa0qIXD77bfbpwbxBJG6OrWkM9u5c6e5/PLL4z1KM1RuDg3jLU6Np4zU7fUT6syUUDnllFPMmjVrauvU1JkVAHNoVeTjjz9u3HLLLcz/NaLOj7eGzbvvvtu49NJL7cJnRQmVyKlZ3WZdB+pozzpBZR0a1EkI1JkpdaMuTu03v/mNOrOCOPm+iKghK8lnPvMZ89WvftW+JJBUBZ/PO++8eG84aJpRqSMUO1GOTvqRdYjFT+j217/+dfP0009rmrEIYsdWaUIeqenITKk7MlJDx9H1UBDdDtFuTRVB3FjNZDL3p0UCb5YsWRJMoYiOzBTF2OwLNw1TLEHRBMUTVSep2zoyK45KpxyTpNOPVU9RqDPLB8P29ttvmxdffNGcfPLJ9n1RBDdKeMyfP9/qN7qNjvMZna8iad2u+9M9iqRSTwppBozcQw89ZO6++25b/osCVA11ZtnQx5s2bTKrVq2Kt4zBe7b0yQrhQvaFLAzZGLIyVQtgjhw5YpYtW2Y/q277oZ12795tjh07Zr+feuqpZtGiRfZe5Exs4jFAJO+ehhz88PCwrSyaasihu86F7ZFh1jkzD7QNfcucCnMPtOFzzz13Yh419Kq4ukOf08+bN2+Ot4yBLLBMNeg055HWYdXtfOhX+te15M01BuvQICk0r732WuOaa64Z1zhMyGIIy4YOk8lgWTg3zlHJRowZRsGFOLUf//jH8RYlRNBtCQQJUu+///5x+sRCYFN2EYnPzricrzIRcWZJe0g/Y6fFZmYFLEE7NIEGEOFC8Gk01tJAZQqbGGR+G4WTc5HzU6eWjTgs3wgbAyZtqYQP/S0ywZpAhkWcCtvKwmVn0HGxMxpkZYNO0060lysQIYiR/T79D17raQQagCU9zE8KoK+BikScGcqW7jAiENmn+GmmjSQlmRXJKWEgziydaUG/xKnlpamKIMvOiCFmKcPOVBWxgVlZM4KCrGOCfx/aU089ZV555RXz3e9+d8IE7AUXXGDLgaMoKt7SWYaGhuyaZ9SlJ7N5ZQbnQTEIE6KKH/otixBvrlcm8vrrr9tS/mg0NOGVM+gXxUHsK4MsO8P3Mu1MVZGHzc+aNcuuXcydO9eufQ+mD67KMc21115rtmzZYqLIKL9CJgZF2b9/f/xtcnDrAAJNZR6vv4miRiv8SntQmh+NwDIrGXmvFhWQ0Qgt1/kp1YUqwRUrVpgoWm/6HWpUEL/88svxt8kxZ84cs3DhQvt59erV1rm2YmeU8QwODtqgP0tvcWR9fX1+G2DHaQHDJbZ6mZLGKGKRdIekN33FDEpzkNKhHbOQ/tP0TtjI3HMrqWVJWRWxJOfnZJvSPsw30oZZ/Sl2lGNdBJ9ybIcf/ehHSGYhiz4BoFhWrlxp19u2bbPrNERwRMqMhDVSDpvTTjvNrj/++GO7bgbkx6Wn7SzYCaU4ZFS2Z88eu3bx0ksv2bVvBBe8Q4uiKLsm1eCC7dys2el5K+kAmUdzQaqTJYRH+3SKm2++2fYpbzZOOzWc2U033WSiUVzt33pcB2bOnGnXvukB9AgZ8el+kZACA9/cTll2pspw4zS6++CDDzptINvQa47hWCdRpBE0kmLwleZLRVxWZU1RyG+5SvOpypJ0WrpKShltH+nDZAUba9pV0oy0obZfPZDqQfoemUiDvLCf1GSnETvjK80v085UGelT9DppJ5P392Xd2hS8Q0s6inRDIFxsZ79LIYqGzuK30kaX35b8cTIvr4xC+4jDEtiG8cBQyEIb6rxZvRC9Sc+piK6xr4yy/aSMpn9PHGtZdqbqyO1NriWvL4OvcgSG+5TDU1bL3AqVh1JmC1Ejeee6SCGQ0yV3e/ToUTs/kyYSVNPf32/LxUktXnjhhd5ntMmz6CBSADN9+vQTaUj+H32+23hIM+hr6RUfSfkQPURnqWyGyNF5n+eKXaDicd++febDDz/0Tgegp7Nnzzbz5s2zDxL2zd+k7QzH7dixoyk7U2ewifRXsmox/SzHrHZPUguHBgj5E088YR9aLHCPyvXXXz+hoZjHeuaZZ8YdKwK6ePHieMsYIyMj5p133hmnEByPcC9fvnxCcQL//+OPPz7OkTFZfeONN2ohQwKfMxNDJA9wVuoNcrJhwwbz/PPPn3BkOKFvfOMbExwIdoB5NW7tEEcjjhCjyUNwk2BQCWiTTlL0lVsF0rYD2eT/loCZY7l1yGVnlNH+oAyf/iqkyAaHpoymDEgNSJ42EkSbxiBN2UqagFQHqUxJP7CQDmultFjxp3CSaVtFaRb0OKmTzKshV62kqDmWv5HbBViwF0n5VJonqctFTRUE7dBEiPPgOHFkRQooncQ8Dx0mSpTXcXQyf1PnXHszzozPSn1Bj5CRvEAROZGCDOSGoLUI3eL/IHBN2o1mglZsgMpu53Q5WIeGwCFkLD44RqKtIh1ZGn5HqqDowKxKJ7lxUCr66gbCrc5MyUOKQbKcSLIYoyhH5gJ95jf4raxgFCfMMTjYOpPWZdpL+miyBOvQRJjTlY2CNGqeEBYJvynGGoX0/aZElEUNw6tCsk/UmSk+JOhLVzYK6JXoGbpUhh7xmxIc89s+Oc2zS6GT1uVkXzUzws0jSIeWFwlhLNlPoxbRiK0i0SUd6XJqdDT7UZC6IILOdaszU7JAr5EHn+5IGrCIiL9VkrbFJa+cc17mKFS49rQu49jTOj8ZgnRoEim5IjMRuKwoqgyS5+FSTElRToXDLRv6QQQ9eb3J7VPZV0r3IHrjclZJeSnKQLZDntxmXUOoYONcIzG2FzmCDs6h0Vg0Gg4hjUQDPidSNllOje8oBPtCxqf8eUZBqR+iE67RjezrFnnJk18ZZdZhWoG+EWfW6UAjOIeGsCMoaQchAsb+9L6pRJyaK70oTzLJKiKpMj6lzzMGSj3Jmn8Sg9lNc1NZNod9nK9vHjAUynRmEJRD8zkAadRuNZCSXnQ5LjnvbnLCReBzWr7tSr3JmhfP0p+pRrJCroC1mUrNKpPlzDoVeATj0Gg8jCANmEYEvowIoV2k49MpiKwUalVRZ6a0im9eXPSjmwuofPYny2aFgM+ZycCjE+nWYByaCE062sEwst1X8dgtZJ2nKHMIRt7ntHzbFSUrqPNNMXQTnJvvPMW4d3Ow3Q4y+nQVvuDoaI9OEIRDwwDSeK4oDQfBvipMvsocQdopc+4oQ7c75TzUmSnt4HMGOIGqOANxyi4DXwWn3ArizFzzg9gyXzsUQRAODUOPQPjSEZ1qvKJBoLkOl+MSZ9dNk96toM5MaYesEQyOoFORficQO5V2XFkj0KqR5cyETtqwyjs0mXR1OS1p3CqMzgRxXOlRGkogCly1SE6dmdIOEuC55piqNDoTxHG5ild8c4RVohln1mkq7dCyjDzfp7px20GG5K7zznLe3Yo6M6VdxECmgzvAASA7VUPsVRrR+6pOK0gNw1Tb20o7tKwoTfZVMUWXpay+9Gq3IuerzkxpFfTXNS9e1WAVJIXqknvJzlRNJ8TWuvqqbCrt0DDqPodV1QgOREBckSnC3g2C0yycb9L58l2dmdIM6HY68wJVDlZlJOZKO3KtjHSqpBecK9dDWtjVV0k4ttPZpcq8sZq30kYNYj9PmzbNnHPOOfazj8suu8y+Kfauu+6Kt1QHXj9+5plnmqjzc9/KzBtyI0Gyn2fMmDGlb7zm7bPCueeea0455ZT42yjyinp48sknc/tQqQ95spPkkUceMbfeeivBeLylWmCXeHv1unXr4i1ukrrdjM3rJMn+SdoZbNWOHTvM1VdfndlngM6vWLGis/2GQ0tCiojNrtEBsK/sPK/kZ5MLeWjfOUoUVKW5pjRcX9ZIjGiHY9LtQhomL1IqGiJmRlzpc0lXbbnSj0p5SFGCTy/ydL8T+GQnS3c5z7JtUJHkZY98us0oqGzd8fVPO3aGv8m6boFrRAbbmVY5KTq5roZobNWqVSbqTBMZSBMN1U0kEGbLli2mr6/PRjFpDh8+bNcLFiyw6ypCBPf222/H38YjI52RkRHbFpHQ2dEcbUTketttt8VHdp5du3aZJUuWmJkzZ5pIYO250E+RQtp+27hxY3yksRHpyy+/rCMzxZIlO0TySdlJMjQ0VGndnjdvnnnllVds1imNS7dZIgduHn30UbvP9XedINk/9Mtrr71m7S/9g52599574yOb46OPPrKjUx+vv/663c8IHdtOlmr16tXjRoe5xI7tBHlRGvvKio6I8Pk910hF9rnORSZe2/Hw3QIRKteQhmuSiCndR0RMEtlFShBv7RzMYfBbnE+6rYmy2MdS5X4IiW4aoSVlJx3p58lO1jVUAbl2VzszCmOfa45N+gfb12lEVuif9KiQ/vLZoCz4O9+oDnvF/8coTn6PNbaf7c3Ol3atQ+PC+S2XwAPbuHiXYPucQZXwXYM4a59Q0/HsSwthJxBh8zlPzpXr8AmxUi5ipHzOoEyH1q7syDU0a+C6EbmGdDuLo3MF8IBzp03K6B9sK+ficqzAOXAuRQSr/B/8lk8uORefH0jjTTkeOHDADvXSS1lEBtmu+/v7nZONbFuzZk1u0URoPP/883a9ePFiu06zcOFCs3LlylLSek899ZRdX3zxxXadZmBgwPZP3mSxUi6ks1y6ffTo0fiIzjNZ2aFIIjT2799v16QkXVCIQZswHdFp3nnnHbu+8MIL7ToN58C5FFGERlEJaUyfLb/55pttivbVV1+Nt/jxOrSlS5faPGZ6SdPT01PoksZnuOsOlUbN4mrnySwCQgbqsKoF8x8u3WaOJo2r/yezCCo7flqdH3S1c7tLmjIC43379pmrrrrKeT4sBC9r1641hw4div/Cj9ehRUNNEw0rJyxpolFeoUsaokllIlL40gyudp7MolQbCjBcuk1RURpX/09mKYqP43L2ECE71gqudm53SUNZflFQZMKS5rTTTrMFI67zkaXZ7IHXoc2aNcsOK9NLWUhK4Y033rBrF9JAvqqfIjujW5Do7YMPPrDrNFwz93uQQuo0YgBdlabAOXAuIfZDlaFqzaXb06dPj4/oPO3KDucJkp6rIj5nfPbZZ9v1wYMH7ToNdo7KT5dTKJrTTz/drn2BM/3DubRiZ6hMZ0nz5S9/2aags+w42YM5c+bEW/x0bdk+Q13yqlyIS+jZRkkpSxox+q2MYroNhuFcf5qLLrrIrh977DG7TvP444/bkudt27bFWzrHFVdcYdcyH5JmcHDQnsvevXvjLYoyymRl59ixY/Gn6iHOmPL0JPPnz7drblVyBYFbt261t8L4dL9IrrzySrt2paGB7ZxLK6NJ7DK3XKSReVRuN0o7Nb7fcccdNgCiPiCXaDg3jm6pcgSp+qHCJVlNw2c5Typg0lDhxz5fhU4VoHzX185SIca1Jyt/pPSVpYjqozz4bc4z3dZsp2KJ7c1WJymdB52mT3zVZHm6XyQ+2UFu5ZYcbkFxyU6WblQBqdpzITrMNSZ1GFvI37CvrApPl51J9k+ruk0/+64bm80++hz55Br5HdnWrD3raocGNAK/yUInixLId1+Dst/l7KoA18T5+wwP+5PtQH+IsLP4SqE7gQhi8lzkM9vLuH1AaY5ucmiAkWpHdtBrjqkqGOgsGyrXx8KxyTYq06al7QznIp85p3Yca5Y94PdwYvKbtBGy6rPxLiY8y5G86J49e+zwz1XhQiqAoSOl4WVBzpjcK+WdVEdFF2yfHZb1/LAHHnjAPpXCl9LoZrhjnrxyJDDeYTZD8U2bNtm+Io991llnmdmzZ5vrr7/+xDxDWZAeIdVJqS99xK0W5513nrnxxhtPlPVyvpEw5z6nT+kcpOnXr19vU9mXX355vHWMPN3vBEnZEbAvy5cv95aEYw+Yaogcb+myPlm43mae08o1vvjii+bDDz+039EnbmUo+3rR25///OcnbheCdP9wTc0+z7HjWLcWIDKyq+IIQSK0ViKTbkdGB1UdNSvdAyM7ZIlovmpU2S754Fq4pqyMWVl0bVFIszCaoRoqzaJFi+z6hRdesOuqQEREpHz//fdPiHYYifEWAV9lWDdDZBk5M3sPFJPeipIHukBGKC3vjAzI0rj0vtshq8IIOT0CZpSDbpdRwVg0XMvOnTttoYirsKNUYsdWWSTicc0bkYMl11ulkY5MCrvy00RAVbueNDL61JGakofMsbnmm0RPypwvnixZc5iiF1UeuUmfZI3U2E6xSbNFHq0SRMpRJk7TjYhT8AlQt8K1sKQRYcGBVx11akqzoLvIiivAQ+ddutKtSNFL2piHlI7Pc2qSLu7UtQbh0LIiH5+z60Z8o03OvWrKm4c6NaUZkH0J8tI6LM6uCqO0LKcVQuYlSZ5TY4TG9XaCYIpC8qKfbp9AznJact8H1xIS6tSUZvBlWrKcXbfhc1pi/KuURWqGLKdGf7rsXBEE49BkKOvKt8sNgt3sEHznmHVdIdApp4YSYSRQKP5/FIjfSAc8SjVA/nEI6f4TZ9fNQZGMJNPTBcioL4gNgbyRWicIxqGBCE7aKYjguCKkbkA63jWK9I08Q6Jop0YfS0RMmyIPGBMMB9tc8zFKdyOl4QR+aSQYRI+6DWSPc3MFpD57FRJi28oKyINyaFkRj0RyZUYLzZB1D4coQ2jpCBdFOjWUx9fP/P/dGtgo2fhS7/SlBDDdVCXIuXBOLnkLPfOSRPqtqIA1i6AcGkhE4HICUnRRRsM2Q1LgXSMwGVHUxfgW4dQkQPBFvbQl7RpCtWjdoO/QB5xXmqQudYNTyzufOmRekvh0Gz0tcmQdnEMDhAVBcjkCaViOmUpHkSfwko7oxjRKJ5msU6Pd8uYkiBjrEBmHiASlroAkT6fKQs7Dp791yrwkcem2jN6KmgYI0qGJwPiMojQikd5UREgyivQpnkSidTW6IvjtKDx/Q7/y976FY9ShVRdJL7oC0jxn0mkwzPw+i89I1y3zkiTt1GgDaY8ibHGQDg2k4Xypp6RTKatIgM6TCewsZ5p37nVAnFKrRknmSrOUg/+boEapJhKw+voQpybyg76V4Tj4DQmUMdC+ESLBVDtyHRJpp0ZbEWCqQ8uAxsFZZUXiNCTCR+MW1aA+EGDOh99C8H1Klje6rAu0T7tOjT51VcOBpKw62ddK55HA0Oc4kg4GveukA+H/FjuS5UDZzrkg13Un7dSKIliHBs1EQ0nBlwYu0tglhZ113qgLx4rQq8Ft36lh5CSYkdE320SJ2kllKt0F+kFfZgWsgL4l9Q858jmcVuH/Evnk/87L9Ij81TnzkqQTTi1ohwYIGsYtDxREGpgFQSWab8exILA4SX5XhL0Zg4zR5Xg1uGNMxqlh7KQ/pR/KSi8rnUcCVt8oLQmyQ/9zPHqJriMLrTo3/iap26w5j2b+H/ldZYyindqEF3yGBq9ceemll5p+ISmvcXj66aftqyl4qShEimBf7TBv3jxz9tln25dpJuGliMeOHbProaGheKuxr4C58sornS9T9MH5Vu2lhZ2G11HwWgpeTxEZppbak7+NDJ6ZMWOG94WRSjWhb7du3WpfKNts3/K6qWeeecbcfffd8RZjX0XzpS99ycycOdN+nzNnjpk2bZrVZxgZGbEvIJ2sbvManLJenFoleJ0Ur5WKnJpZs2ZNvLU9gndoaXAYQp6RQwB56zUOkb8TB+dDFIO3TV988cWZb2/FcR4+fNh88MEH1kHqm5yzEac2ffp0s27dunirooyBjooT4q3KWYEh8jQ8PGx++ctf2r+Rt+G7iEZW1mnyf1500UWmr68vV7f37t1rDh06ZL8TDKsjy0ac2qTdEQ6tDpBykDRBcskq0HBBeoOUYnJpNW2RnLNLLppqbA1SwjLnSDqJCflW0pJKGKCTLt1GJppJR6YRvW4HKTpKL8hpq3airtBO2EKZamDhczP2sRYODSNHoyDgOBPy4DSO5NQxhGUhOWPpIBQnmZNXp5YPAi/CTrthLKQvWXSeoj6IM2MR3WYRPWN7WQVWSTuDY0O32SaymlfAoozXbdqRfkzOhefpdvAODaGiIVyCzXe2s7+dSK5VcFb8Fh2WJnmeGsllIwKOcCfbiv4UZdDAIHzoe9FfnFgakRMcXafh9336mzzPdkd+dSGp20loQ9++JME7NEZfNIIvFSWjtTKiOBlF+H6LqI7zTCuEMoY4foTbRdJ4lBGkKFOHjIh8Bg49Q6fKkAOxMy7HCjJaK8POVJVmdFtsqC8wCL4o5Nprr7XFHJEgNV0JtXHjxhOTy5Ml6oATlVA9PT12gplCE6U96JtVq1aZyHCYhQsXxlvHI8dEgYq57rrr4q1KaFCJvGLFChM5LTMwMBBvzWbXrl25xV3Ncvrpp5u77rrLfl69erWtwm3Fzijjkf6MHL+3elSO8en2SfE6WER4p1rIpLqSaimlfSTQoKzax9y5c+2aWymU8Jk1a1b8KZ/zzz8//jR5kpWLODNQZ9Y++/bts+v0bVFJuKUC5NgJ2HFawEj6aarTePw+58GQWWkfyaNn9aekLsos9lHKR+akSStONTJ3qynF9hHd9qUTIS8tGfwITUZE7777rl2nYeREiop7zjoJ962QbsxKd2zbts0OqbmPRXFDmgd8/QmRs7NrboRXwoWHHMDBgwftOg33mg0ODlqd6jSzZ8+2a+4tdcEN3Q888MC4+2CV8XCfH4j+upB9ixcvtus0wTu0q666yq5xFi4QeOZb3nzzzXhL55CnlbgUDCd2zz332PxwVofWHZ7OANzs7oMcPEh6QgmT+fPn2zU35boC0g0bNtine3jTUwUicpl8mkiS++67zz6dhAcpKG64aR1Ef13k6nY8UgsaSQdQviupKlIDfGc7aUnZ3kn4DUmBJtMkVGHJcNs3lFZGoQ2lP13Va1SSsc91a4QSHsn+llQVuo1+sZ0lK4VVJFRb8nusRTZZSwUk0w1l2JkqI7pNv6ZpRrdr4dCSjkQaRD6z3WUYOwW/lTwXKUNl4bxU4PPBYEkbEpRgsCiXFoOi7VgvpN9di8swdopksJVeyrYzVSXZhgT3BCYsEvDn6XaQZfukH9avX2+f/SeVSPLQ4WQ5Pjnb5cuXl16Z5DoXUqNXXHHFiWfEcQzPl7v66qv1GY8O6GMeZJqck4yMhr1N4/bbb9c2CxT6nXLtO++8c1zZNnNU8lxGmCrdZt7u1VdftbeV8EBj5nwXLVo0Trdd9kkZgzZ86KGHJjxAmja84YYbMnU7OIfGpOtNN91kPz/77LOVLaNF6HlgMR2J8KuBdkM7RRGbLeNX4xA24syAeeiq9jfB6rJly+znKl9HGWDPW3lTRlAOjZsmlyxZYiP1EARFrkedmlJ3QnFmQmjX0y0EU+UYmjMD7pbfuXOnvWmT9ARDcUWpGyEaf66BawGujWtUJk8QDi05kgkt2lGnptSZkEcy6tSKp/Ipx7qk5TT9qNSNuqTl6nKdZVDpEVqdjLyO1JQ6UScjnx6p6dNE2qeyDq2OIxZ1akodqOOIJenU+vr6rH1TWqeSDq3O6Td1akrI1Dn9Jk6Nwjbsmzq11qmcQ6uzMxPUqSkhonNJY06N9yiqU2udSjk0dWZjqFNTQkKd2Rhc+09/+lNr59SptUalHBqPOVJnNkbSqW3dujXeqijVQ97iXndnJmDfsHPYu6LesF0HKlW2TxR35plnqjNTFEVRJjDlIzTeR8YLNl0w1GY/jgyI3NSZZdNKeypKJ0EOs+QtS1aVidBePT098bfxUOrPPka4dWbKHRovxEs+dT7JoUOH7H4ePqs0h7an0i0gh1nyliWritIOlatyVBRFURQX6tAUpVCOm2Nv7TBPfG+VmdnTY9NAPT1fNKu+9y/mhbc+io8R/mDef/Jb8TGuhb97zrx17Hh8vKIoWahDU5SiOP6+efmhvzMX9P2FuWHtRvN+vNmYPWbj2r82f9l3g7nrhf+MXJ7wP2Zk/3D82QV/t8z0f2eHSbvCKnHgwAE7x5NelPZwtSVtrERQ5TiVcAp5C6/YV5rD1X7pRduzExxt7B76WtzGA43Bx37RGPl0dM+nIzsb31+5YHRf77cb238b72i809i8cm60vbcxsGFvQ7aO8vvGyPb7Gv0T/qY6yGvzsxaOUZqjmfbcvHlzfHQ96YoRGnfFRx0xYYk6MD5CaQVtz/I5/taT5q61/xp9WmC+ufmH5p9WXWZ6Y+06qfdyc/vD/2wGe6Mv728zz+0+MrrjD/9l9u/6j+jDTLNw1oxUuuSz5uxzzo3+jXj/iPnwv6ubdnz44Yed8qi0h6staWMlInZsUwan4IvSoo6y+3VE0TzanlPB2Ois95ubG+85B1MyGjONuUO7G//Hpt9ub0ROLtrW3xja/Tt71CifNn43/GxjSEZ1Axsaw9UboJ0YUfjkjX0+WVUmIu3pgjZmHzpeZ3QOTVEmy/GD5o2fvRp9uMT87d/8uflCplb1mrln/IkdjR0/eMC8bifadpi1iz6XKAY52Xyub5lZu5GS9gHz7TuWmj9TTVWUXFRNFGWyHHrTvLgNzzTH9J1z6ui2NB/9u/nFz5LpxePm2Hu/Nr8a3eug1/QP/tA8tfsx892vfEEVVVGaQPVEUTrOcfPR7ufNT/B5vQNm6aIzog//aw4e+LWthOwd3G5+22iYRuP3ZmT7faafP+m9ztx62ypzzSW9qqSK0iSqK4oyWc4633xxLh/2ml17DiXK8kc5/v528+B3HoucVzTq+sdrzWWnoXbHzHvD++3+aWf9qZlmP33W9H7lH8z3hr5mzPs/MGvW76x0ub6ilE48l6YoStskSvZ7VzaGtg03Rks8ft8Y2b2xMdjfO7qv//uN3b+Lqzs+3dvYMMD2uY2Vm98Z3Rbz6fCGxgDHmxsaG4Y/ibcqipKHjtAUZdKcbi751oNmw8oF0chqo1k70Gc+Z4s7/sjMXLTSrNvxvjH995ntj/+9ueTUWOWOjZjhX5FwPNd88fzpo9tiTrrgr8wdg5dEnzaZezb8m47SFKVJ1KEpShGcusB88webzfZNQ2Yl95vF9K4cMpue2m1Gtt9rvtJr7yqzjFU49pk5M//YbhvjDLNo6YCxt6395Hmz+yN99JWiNEOl3oemKIqiKD50hKYoiqIEgTo0RVEUJQjUoSmKoigBYMz/A1EBdgR8sYONAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"> <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔</span>]</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>Note:</strong> <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept Kekulé structures.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Negative sign must be shown in correct position- on the O or delocalised over the carboxylate.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></em><br>[H<sup>+</sup>] «= 10<sup>−2.95</sup>» = 1.122 × 10<sup>−3</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«[OH<sup>−</sup>] = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1.00 \times {{10}^{ - 14}}{\text{ mo}}{{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 6}}}}{{1.22 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}{\text{ mol d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1.00</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>14</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext> mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext> d</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>m</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.22</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext> mol d</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>m</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> =» 8.91 × 10<sup>−12</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></em><br>pOH = «14 − 2.95 =» 11.05 <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«[OH<sup>−</sup>] = 10<sup>−11.05</sup> =» 8.91 × 10<sup>−12</sup> «moldm<sup>−3</sup>» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept other methods.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH(s) + 15O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 14CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 6H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">correct products <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">correct balancing <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«intermolecular» hydrogen bonding <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept diagram showing hydrogen bonding.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most failed to score a mark for the conjugate base of benzoic acid as either they didn’t show all bonds and atoms in the ring and/or they did not put the minus sign in the correct place. Some didn't read the question carefully so gave the structure of the acid form.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students could correctly calculate the hydroxide concentration, but some weaker students calculated hydrogen ion concentration only.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most students earned at least one mark for writing the correct products of the combustion of benzoic acid but the balancing appeared to be difficult for some.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very few students answered this question correctly, thinking benzoic would bond with the hexane even though it was a non-polar solvent. It was very rare for a student to realize there was intermolecular hydrogen bonding.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The structure of an organic molecule can help predict the type of reaction it can undergo.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Improvements in instrumentation have made identification of organic compounds routine.</p>
<p>The empirical formula of an unknown compound containing a phenyl group was found to be C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O. The molecular ion peak in its mass spectrum appears at <em>m</em>/<em>z </em>= 136.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The Kekulé structure of benzene suggests it should readily undergo addition reactions.</p>
<p> <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_10.35.21.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/07.a_01"></p>
<p>Discuss two pieces of evidence, <strong>one </strong>physical and <strong>one </strong>chemical, which suggest this is not the structure of benzene.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate the ionic equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde by acidified dichromate(VI) ions. Use section 24 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The aldehyde can be further oxidized to a carboxylic acid.</p>
<p>Outline how the experimental procedures differ for the synthesis of the aldehyde and the carboxylic acid.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the molecular formula of the compound.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the bonds causing peaks <strong>A </strong>and <strong>B </strong>in the IR spectrum of the unknown compound using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_10.50.17.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/07.c.ii_01"></p>
<p> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxIAAACkCAYAAAADvxg+AAAPI0lEQVR4Ae3dT4icdxkH8OfdhtZDDBI8dBeUICHx0iJ1iSALVi07/kEJFBJBg5gIvQhKDlko8eYl9S562EEaKiREEQ/SLM0SIRQssQe9JEOQCLYRDD1sc9gWMq/MZsemuzs17876Y+d5P4FlMu++v33m+Ty/ncyX2XdT1XVdhz8ECBAgQIAAAQIECBBoIDDV4FynEiBAgAABAgQIECBAYE1AkLARCBAgQIAAAQIECBBoLLBnuKKqquFf3RIgQIAAAQIECBAgQGBLgeGVEf8NEoMDgzAx/MSWqxwkQIAAAQIECBAgQKCVAhuzgh9tauU20DQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQEifH8rCZAgAABAgQIECDQSgFBopVj1zQBAgQIECBAgACB8QQSBYnV6HWPRVVVMbOwHCvjuVhNgAABAgQIECBAgMBHCOQJEv3bce3CW3H65z+Np86/FtdX+h/Rtk8RIECAAAECBAgQIDCOQJIg0Y+Vqy/H2b99Kb75w+/E8acuxrlLvRAlxtka1hIgQIAAAQIECBAYLZAkSLwT1y8vRZx4LmY/8ZmYO/5MLF14PW5tSBL9Xjc61Ux0ujeEjNF7wmcIECBAgAABAgQI/E+BHEFi5a9x+XzEic7TsS8+FgfnvhbzS6/GtVurHwKYOnQyLtdvx+WTn40cjX+oPXcIECBAgAABAgQIFBNI8Hp6NXqXfhkvxXx0ZvevwU0d/GIcn78WZxdfd9F1sa2kEAECBAgQIECAQJsEJj9IrF1kfS2mBz/WtG+9nakDMXd8Lu646LpNe1mvBAgQIECAAAECBQWquq7rYb3Br0596O7w8K6+HVz38PXDp2Jpy0f5+Thz5dU495VPbvlZBwkQIECAAAECBAgQeDSBjVlhwt+RuBtXF38RS/OLcfN+vRaCBkHowce/48qZiJfO/SF6Gy66fjQqZxEgQIAAAQIECBAgMEpgsoPE2kXW78XJF74aBzd1sj9mO/MxvcVF16MwHCdAgAABAgQIECBA4NEENr38frRlu+Gsfqxcfy3Ox7fiu899aovfwjQV+44cjdPPvhkXrt326153w8g8BgIECBAgQIAAgTQCkxsk+r24dO5iHD59NI4ML7LeOJa9T8e3TzwTS2dfjqsr/fD/SGwEcp8AAQIECBAgQIDA9gQm/mLr7bVtFQECBAgQIECAAAECTQSSXWzdpHXnEiBAgAABAgQIECCwUwKT+6NNOyXg6xAgQIAAAQIECBAg0FhAkGhMZgEBAgQIECBAgAABAoKEPUCAAAECBAgQIECAQGMBQaIxmQUECBAgQIAAAQIECAgS9gABAgQIECBAgAABAo0FBInGZBYQIECAAAECBAgQICBI2AMECBAgQIAAAQIECDQWECQak1lAgAABAgQIECBAgIAgYQ8QIECAAAECBAgQINBYQJBoTGYBAQIECBAgQIAAAQKChD1AgAABAgQIECBAgEBjAUGiMZkFBAgQIECAAAECBAgIEvYAAQIECBAgQIAAAQKNBQSJxmQWECBAgAABAgQIECAgSNgDBAgQIECAAAECBAg0FhAkGpNZQIAAAQIECBAgQICAIGEPECBAgAABAgQIECDQWECQaExmAQECBAgQIECAAAECgoQ9QIAAAQIECBAgQIBAYwFBojGZBQQIECBAgAABAgQICBL2AAECBAgQIECAAAECjQUEicZkFhAgQIAAAQIECBAgIEjYAwQIECBAgAABAgQINBYQJBqTWUCAAAECBAgQIECAgCBhDxAgQIAAAQIECBAg0FhAkGhMZgEBAgQIECBAgAABAoKEPUCAAAECBAgQIECAQGMBQaIxmQUECBAgQIAAAQIECKQKEv1eNzpVFTMLy7Eyarb9G9HtzEQ182Isr/RHnLUave6xqKrZWFi+O+KciOz1glVE2AuDb4Dse11/gyHvxudGe2/tH6BdORvPjZ4b118e2Z8Pvk137DXouuuE3FR1XdfDx1pVVTx0d3jYLQECBAgQIECAAAECLRfYmBVSvSPR8tlqnwABAgQIECBAgEAxAUGiGLVCBAgQIECAAAECBPIICBJ5ZqkTAgQIECBAgAABAsUEBIli1AoRIECAAAECBAgQyCMgSOSZpU4IECBAgAABAgQIFBMQJIpRK0SAAAECBAgQIEAgj4AgkWeWOiFAgAABAgQIECBQTECQKEatEAECBAgQIECAAIE8AoJEnlnqhAABAgQIECBAgEAxAUGiGLVCBAgQIECAAAECBPIICBJ5ZqkTAgQIECBAgAABAsUEBIli1AoRIECAAAECBAgQyCMgSOSZpU4IECBAgAABAgQIFBMQJIpRK0SAAAECBAgQIEAgj4AgkWeWOiFAgAABAgQIECBQTECQKEatEAECBAgQIECAAIE8AoJEnlnqhAABAgQIECBAgEAxAUGiGLVCBAgQIECAAAECBPIITHaQ6N+Ibmcmqqra/PHlhegu9+JenlnphAABAgQIECBAgMCuEZjsIDFknF+Mm/frqOvhx3vx9rlPx5++93z8+Hf/iP7wPLcECBAgQIAAAQIECOyIQI4gsYni8Zg+cjy+f+KJ6P7qStySJDYJOUCAAAECBAgQIEBgHIGkQeIDkunPHYgn17vs97rRqWai073hXYoPiPyNAAECBAgQIECAQGOBPY1XTMSC9+POGxfilbs/iN//bC72rT/mqUMn43J9ciI68CAJECBAgAABAgQI7GaBHO9ILJ2Kw489fMH1EzHzhR9F9+9vxT/fXd3N/h4bAQIECBAgQIAAgYkUyBEkNl1sfT/evfnbOBO/judfWIy/3HORxETuTg+aAAECBAgQIEBg1wrkCBKbeKdi76FvxKkTcxFXX4mLb7yz6QwHCBAgQIAAAQIECBDYvkDSIDEAeTyePHAwprdvYyUBAgQIECBAgAABAiMEEgeJ9+Nft2/Fnen56MzuH9G+wwQIECBAgAABAgQIbEcgaZDox73eH2Px/Jvx7OmjcWRf0ja3M3FrCBAgQIAAAQIECOyAQI5X2Jt+a9Nj8fEX/hyHf3IhfnP6SOxdh/L/SOzAjvElCBAgQIAAAQIECEREVdd1PZSoqioeujs87JYAAQIECBAgQIAAgZYLbMwKOd6RaPlQtU+AAAECBAgQIECgtIAgUVpcPQIECBAgQIAAAQIJBASJBEPUAgECBAgQIECAAIHSAoJEaXH1CBAgQIAAAQIECCQQECQSDFELBAgQIECAAAECBEoLCBKlxdUjQIAAAQIECBAgkEBAkEgwRC0QIECAAAECBAgQKC0gSJQWV48AAQIECBAgQIBAAgFBIsEQtUCAAAECBAgQIECgtIAgUVpcPQIECBAgQIAAAQIJBASJBEPUAgECBAgQIECAAIHSAoJEaXH1CBAgQIAAAQIECCQQECQSDFELBAgQIECAAAECBEoLCBKlxdUjQIAAAQIECBAgkEBAkEgwRC0QIECAAAECBAgQKC0gSJQWV48AAQIECBAgQIBAAgFBIsEQtUCAAAECBAgQIECgtIAgUVpcPQIECBAgQIAAAQIJBASJBEPUAgECBAgQIECAAIHSAoJEaXH1CBAgQIAAAQIECCQQECQSDFELBAgQIECAAAECBEoLCBKlxdUjQIAAAQIECBAgkEBAkEgwRC0QIECAAAECBAgQKC0gSJQWV48AAQIECBAgQIBAAgFBIsEQtUCAAAECBAgQIECgtIAgUVpcPQIECBAgQIAAAQIJBASJBEPUAgECBAgQIECAAIHSAoJEaXH1CBAgQIAAAQIECCQQECQSDFELBAgQIECAAAECBEoLpAoS/V43OlUVMwvLsTJKsn8jup2ZqGZejOWV/oizVqPXPRZVNRsLy3dHnBORvV6wigh7YfANkH2v628w5N343Gjvrf0DtCtn47nRc+P6yyP788G36Y69Bl13nZCbqq7revhYq6qKh+4OD7slQIAAAQIECBAgQKDlAhuzQqp3JFo+W+0TIECAAAECBAgQKCYgSBSjVogAAQIECBAgQIBAHgFBIs8sdUKAAAECBAgQIECgmIAgUYxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQJ5BASJPLPUCQECBAgQIECAAIFiAoJEMWqFCBAgQIAAAQIECOQRECTyzFInBAgQIECAAAECBIoJCBLFqBUiQIAAAQIECBAgkEdAkMgzS50QIECAAAECBAgQKCYgSBSjVogAAQIECBAgQIBAHgFBIs8sdUKAAAECBAgQIECgmIAgUYxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQJ5BASJPLPUCQECBAgQIECAAIFiAoJEMWqFCBAgQIAAAQIECOQRECTyzFInBAgQIECAAAECBIoJCBLFqBUiQIAAAQIECBAgkEdAkMgzS50QIECAAAECBAgQKCYgSBSjVogAAQIECBAgQIBAHgFBIs8sdUKAAAECBAgQIECgmIAgUYxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQJ5BASJPLPUCQECBAgQIECAAIFiAoJEMWqFCBAgQIAAAQIECOQRECTyzFInBAgQIECAAAECBIoJCBLFqBUiQIAAAQIECBAgkEdAkMgzS50QIECAAAECBAgQKCYgSBSjVogAAQIECBAgQIBAHgFBIs8sdUKAAAECBAgQIECgmIAgUYxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQJ5BASJPLPUCQECBAgQIECAAIFiAoJEMWqFCBAgQIAAAQIECOQRqOq6rgftVFWVpyudECBAgAABAgQIECDwfxFYjw+xZ/jVhweG990SIECAAAECBAgQIEBglIAfbRol4zgBAgQIECBAgAABAiMFBImRND5BgAABAgQIECBAgMAogf8A/eNi9tktbngAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce full structural formulas of <strong>two </strong>possible isomers of the unknown compound, both of which are esters.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the formula of the unknown compound based on its <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum using section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_10.59.18.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/07.c.iv"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Physical evidence:</em></p>
<p>equal C–C bond «lengths/strengths»</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>regular hexagon</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>all<strong>» </strong>C–C have bond order of 1.5</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>«all» C–C intermediate between single and double bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Chemical evidence:</em></p>
<p>undergoes substitution reaction <strong>«</strong>more readily than addition<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>does not discolour/react with bromine water</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>substitution forms only one isomer for 1,2-disubstitution <strong>«</strong>presence of alternate double bonds would form two isomers<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>more stable than expected <strong>«</strong>compared to hypothetical molecule cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>enthalpy change of hydrogenation/combustion is less exothermic than predicted <strong>«</strong>for cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>M1:</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “all C–C–C bond angles are </em><em>equal”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>3CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH(l) + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2–</sup>(aq) + 8H<sup>+</sup>(aq) → 3CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO(aq) + 2Cr<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + 7H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p>correct reactants and products</p>
<p>balanced equation</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Aldehyde:</em></p>
<p>by distillation <strong>«</strong>removed from reaction mixture as soon as formed<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><em>Carboxylic acid:</em></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>heat mixture under<strong>» </strong>reflux <strong>«</strong>to achieve complete oxidation to –COOH<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept clear diagrams or descriptions of </em><em>the processes.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{136}}{{48 + 4 + 16}} = 2">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>136</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>48</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>16</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</math></span><strong>»</strong></p>
<p>C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A: C–H <strong>«</strong>in alkanes, alkenes, arenes<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>AND</em></strong></p>
<p>B: C=O <strong>«</strong>in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p><em><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"> <strong>OR</strong> </em>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"><em><strong>OR</strong> </em>CH<sub>3</sub>COOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"> <em><strong>OR</strong> </em>HCOOCH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>penalize use of Kekule </em><em>structures for the phenyl group.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept the following structures:</em></p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_10.55.29.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/07.c.iii_02/M"></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for two correct </em><em>aliphatic/linear esters with the molecular </em><em>formula C</em><sub><em>8</em></sub><em>H</em><sub><em>8</em></sub><em>O</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub> <strong>«</strong>signal at 4 ppm (3.7 – 4.8 range in data table) due to alkyl group on ester</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> </span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion. Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and their chemical shifts in the </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo> </mo><mi>NMR</mi></math> <span class="fontstyle0">spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>6</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>5</mn></msup></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept condensed electron configuration.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Cl</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>more «electron–electron» repulsion ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>l</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">-</mo></msup></math> <strong>AND</strong> has an extra electron.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math> has a greater nuclear charge/number of protons/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub></math> «causing a stronger pull on the outer electrons» ✔</p>
<p>same number of shells<br><strong><em>OR</em></strong><br>same «outer» energy level<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>similar shielding ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«two major» isotopes «of atomic mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«diatomic» molecule composed of «two» chlorine-37 atoms ✔</p>
<p>chlorine-37 is the least abundant «isotope»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>low probability of two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Cl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>37</mn></mmultiscripts></math> «isotopes» occurring in a molecule ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>86</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>94</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi>HCl</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> is the limiting reactant ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept other valid methods of determining the limiting reactant in M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math></p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>–</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>277</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>22</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>697</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept methods employing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>oxidizing agent <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oxidation state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Mn</mi></math> changes from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math>/decreases ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>partially dissociates/ionizes «in water» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>ClO</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mo>[</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«free radical» substitution/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>chloroethane <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>–</mo><mi>Cl</mi></math> bond is weaker/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>324</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>–</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></math> bond/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>414</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>chloroethane <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>contains a polar bond ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “chloroethane <strong>AND</strong> polar”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>Cl</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>OH</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>OH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>Cl</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>Cl</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>NaOH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>OH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>NaCl</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept use of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">5</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math> and <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">5</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><msub><mi>C</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">6</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math> in the equation.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydroxide «ion»/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>OH</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"> / <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>OCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo mathvariant="italic">(</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">3</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mo mathvariant="italic">)</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn></math> «signals» ✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>ppm</mi><mo>»</mo></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>–</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>ppm</mi><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept any values in the ranges.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for two incorrect chemical shifts.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>45</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>58</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>64</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mo>%</mo><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>research «collaboration» for alternative technologies «to replace <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>technologies «developed»/data could be shared<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>political pressure/Montreal Protocol/governments passing legislations ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “collaboration”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept any reference to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math> as greenhouse gas or product of fossil fuel combustion.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept reference to specific measures, such as agreement on banning use/manufacture of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math>s.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates wrote the electron configuration of chlorine correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Only half of the candidates deduced that the chloride ion has a larger radius than the chlorine atom with a valid reason. Many candidates struggled with this question and decided that the extra electron in the chloride ion caused a greater attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Only about a third of the candidates identified the extra proton in the chlorine nucleus as the cause of the smaller atomic radius when compared to the sulfur atom, and only the stronger candidates also compared the shielding or the number of shells in the two atoms. Many candidates had a poor understanding of factors affecting atomic radius and could not explain the difference.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About 60% of the candidates recognized that the peaks at m/z 35 and 37 in the mass spectrum of chlorine are due to its isotopes. A few students wrote 'isomers' instead of 'isotopes'.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was the lowest scoring question on the paper, that was also left blank by 10% of the candidates. About 20% of the candidates identified the peak at m/z = 74 to be due to a molecule made up of two 37Cl atoms. And only very few candidates commented that the low abundance of the peak was due to the low abundance of the 37Cl isotope. A common incorrect answer was that chlorine has an isotope of mass number 74.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates were able to determine the number of moles of MnO<sub>2</sub> using the mass.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>It was pleasing that the majority of the candidates were able to determine the limiting reactant by using the stoichiometric ratio.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates were able to determine the amount of excess reactant. Some candidates who determined the limiting reactant in the previous part correctly, forgot to use the stoichiometric ratio in this part, and ended up with incorrect answers.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>60% of the candidates determined the volume of chlorine produced correctly. Some candidates made mistakes in the units when using PV = nRT and had a power of 10 error.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The majority of candidates were able to determine the oxidation states of Mn in the two compounds correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Less than half of the candidates were awarded the mark. Some did identify MnO2 as the oxidizing agent but did not give the explanation in terms of oxidation state as required in the question. Other candidates did not have an understanding of oxidizing and reducing agents. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A very well answered question - 80% of candidates understood what is meant by the term weak acid. Incorrect answers included 'acids that have high pH'.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates deduced the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid. Incorrect answers included H<sub>2</sub>O and HCl.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A well answered question. It was pleasing to see that 70% of the candidates were able to calculate [H<sup>+</sup>] from the given pH.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than half of the candidates identified the type of reaction between ethane and chlorine as a substitution reaction. A few candidates lost the marks for writing 'electrophilic substitution' or 'nucleophilic substitutions'.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a challenging question that was answered correctly by only 30% of the candidates. A variety of incorrect answers were seen such as 'chlorine is a halogen and hence it is reactive', and 'ethane is more reactive because it is an alkane'. For students who answered correctly, the polarity was the most frequently given reason.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates wrote the correct equation for the hydrolysis of chloroethane. Incorrect answers often included carbon dioxide and water as the products.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a highly discriminating question. Only 30% of the candidates were able to identify the hydroxide ion as the nucleophile in the hydrolysis of chloroethane. Incorrect answers included NaOH where the ion was not specified. 14% of the candidates left this question blank.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates were able to give the structural formula of ethoxyethane. Incorrect answers included methoxymethane, ketones and esters.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Nearly half of the candidates were able to identify the number of signals obtained in the 1H NMR spectrum of ethoxyethane, obtaining the first mark of this question. Many candidates were awarded the mark as 'error carried forward' from an incorrect structure of ethoxyethane. The second mark for this question required candidates to look up values of chemical shift from the data booklet. Nearly a third of the candidates were able to match the chemical environments of the hydrogen atoms in ethoxyethane to those listed in the data booklet successfully. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was the highest scoring question in the paper. The majority of candidates were able to calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>. Mistakes included incorrect rounding and arithmetic errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This nature of science question was well answered by half of the candidates. Some teachers commented that the wording was rather vague. Incorrect answers were mainly assuming that CFCs were related to the combustion of fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The reactivity of organic compounds depends on the nature and positions of their functional groups.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The structural formulas of two organic compounds are shown below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the type of chemical reaction and the reagents used to distinguish between these compounds.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the observation expected for each reaction giving your reasons.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the number of signals and the ratio of areas under the signals in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of the two compounds.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, with the help of equations, the mechanism of the free-radical substitution reaction of ethane with bromine in presence of sunlight.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>oxidation/redox AND acidified «potassium» dichromate(VI)</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>oxidation/redox AND «acidified potassium» manganate(VII)</p>
<p><em>Accept “acidified «potassium» dichromate” <strong>OR</strong> “«acidified potassium» permanganate”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept name or formula of the reagent(s).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1</strong></em> using K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:</p>
<p><em>Compound A:</em> orange to green <strong><em>AND</em></strong> secondary hydroxyl</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p><em>Compound A:</em> orange to green <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydroxyl oxidized «by chromium(VI) ions»</p>
<p><em>Compound B:</em> no change <em><strong>AND</strong></em> tertiary hydroxyl «not oxidized by chromium(VI) ions»</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for “A: orange to green <strong>AND</strong> B: no change”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for “A: secondary hydroxyl <strong>AND</strong> B: tertiary hydroxyl”.</em></p>
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2</strong></em> using KMnO<sub>4</sub>:</p>
<p><em>Compound A:</em> purple to colourless <em><strong>AND</strong></em> secondary hydroxyl</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p><em>Compound A:</em> purple to colourless <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydroxyl oxidized «by manganese(VII) ions»</p>
<p><em>Compound B:</em> no change <em><strong>AND</strong></em> tertiary hydroxyl «not oxidized by manganese(VII) ions»</p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol” for “hydroxyl”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for “A: purple to colourless <strong>AND</strong> B: no change”</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for “A: secondary hydroxyl <strong>AND</strong> B: tertiary hydroxyl”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “purple to brown” for A.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p><em>Accept ratio of areas in any order.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> apply ECF for ratios.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Initiation:</em><br>Br<sub>2</sub> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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"> 2Br•</p>
<p><em>Propagation:</em><br>Br• + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + HBr</p>
<p>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + Br<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Br + Br•</p>
<p><em>Termination:</em><br>Br• + Br• → Br<sub>2</sub></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + Br• → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Br</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>• → C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub></p>
<p><em>Reference to UV/hν/heat not required.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept representation of radical without • (eg, Br, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) if consistent throughout mechanism.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept further bromination.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3 max]</strong> if initiation, propagation and termination are not stated or are incorrectly labelled for equations.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3 max]</strong> if methane is used instead of ethane, and/or chlorine is used instead of bromine.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAPkAAABOCAYAAADigLBdAAAOeklEQVR4Ae2dCVRTxxrHBUVcelq1tc+6FTUQQLBo3aoiLnWrS3HlKSpqAdH2uGFtHx6tSl2oYuU9FRVfq8+luNSlalGrVsUdResGKCqKCyqb7AGT/ztzBRpCAkm4Icnw3XM4JLn3zp35z/e7M/e738xUA22kACnAtQLVuC4dFY4UIAVAkJMRkAKcK0CQc17BVDxSgCAnGyAFOFeAIOe8gql4pABBTjZACnCuAEHOeQVT8UgBgpxsgBTgXAGCnPMKpuKRAgQ52QApwLkClQx5Pp5FrscM946waVAbNWs1QHPnPvAO2o/bGQrOpabikQLGUaASIc9A1NIeaFBbijEhRxH7Mgf5eel4dHE75vT8B6xtxuCXhALjqEBXJQUqrID2DZji5X8xwNoKnYLi8LrUdWU4MbUJajTyLbVH3x8qDfL0w5PQ2LIF/P5IRak2WxaHkB51Yd1pBWKIc33rks4zmgK6NWB8Qi5/hDXdqsO6709IKkX4m5qRnZmBZhYN4Xs8x2hVRRcmBfRRQNcGjE/IU7dhkJUl2gffhVyTirI/4F2vGpp9fVFNF0bTSfQ7KWBkBfRowLiEXH4rEE4WVnDfmaG5RuS38b2TBayG7UKm5qNoDylgWgro0YDxCfmNhbC3qIkRe7I1V5D8Jha1Jsg1C0R7TFEBfRqwN5BXQ7Vqmv8szc7xlrIFn1lZ4pN/J5TRXT8Gn3rV0NT/AkfddQVSdkyAo8Qd6++V9qNCdg7fdZKg879Om6L9Up60UECuRwPGZUsOeSLWdrcq2/F2fhaaWzSEzzGeHG8EuRacmPchejRgfEIOIOOoL5pYNsOkiBQ1r9BiscqtDqw7BnH2Co0gN2+Ctci9Hg0Yt5ADmYha4ob6dewxdvUJ3E3NQ0F+Fp5e3Y15nzaCtc1obOcuGIYg1wITsz9E1waMY8hZXebj2elQTBvSHs3esYKldX00de4L36D9iOEyrJUgN3uCtSqAbg0Y55BrpRhHBxVCbtMCEo1/LcnxxkWNa9+AEeRcVHhRIaglL1KC/htPgUqLXTdeEY15ZYLcmOrTtd8oUOmQ3717Fz169EBERISQg9TUVCxYsAAxMTEc1glBzmGlml2RKh3y33//XYj0CQgIEMSKj48Xvv/6669mJ175GdYNckVyJIJHd0Ubu9bo7vkjzqdpGM1T/oXpCCMqEB0djUmTJuHZs2dGzMXflybI/9bCAJ90gfw17q79J8avvYm07Oc4s3AQxmx8qDlC0AC5pSTFUWDfvn1CwxUXFydOghVMhSCvoIBln64L5MopKfDiFx988b+nBLmyLGbymSCvUt11/awyLz4c0z0DcfYVddf1U9C4ZxHkBHkZFqjAq+j1+NJrAf54QlPklCGUSe8iyAlyjQYqu7MJX/muwTVqwTVqZA47CHKCXIOdZuPYzLawLY6Mk6DPsmug9lyDXCb8M0FOkJuweYqXtYKCAly4cAEymUy8RM0kJYKcIDcTU614Nrdu3YratWujV69eWLRoEU6fPl0loCfICfKK02MmKSgUCri4uJSY5qgqQE+Qcwb59evXhbBcFppLf6U16NOnTwnIVec1q1OnDnr37o3AwEBERkZy0dIT5JxBHh4eLnRJWQtFf6U1sLKyKhPyIujr1auHIUOGYP369cjLyzOTvor6bBLknEGuvprp1yIFJk+erBZyBvXgwYMRHByMK1euQC7XOCN/UVJm858gJ8jNxlgrmtHExETUrFlTgPydd97hFmpVnQhyglzVJrj8zl6hBQUFYcWKFbh8+TJXLXV5FUaQE+Tl2QjtN3MFCHKC3MxNmLJfngIEOUFeno3QfjNXgCCvYpArkrZhjKQF2vrsw8tSI0fliPuxN+w7Ly406wJcmucCyec/47G2zuaCKCzqIMWozY8rYey5Aq9u7cbS/xwHjaHRfCciyKso5N1ch2PB2SwVy1CFXGW3Nl8rFfIs7PeRwtFrB1JK3bC0yWzVOIYgr5KQSzEzfD/mjFuNuHxlQyfIldXg5TNBXkUh9z+ei8dbvTF15zOlbrUq5Pp21+0wZN5P+HHKIHR1lKK1Sy94LTqIBOXAMfkLXAybDQ+3tmht54hOn3ohcE8sSvQtsu/gwFI/DO3mAieJLZza9YJnQDhuZSoARQp2ekn/XiRCMhRhD9Ss1MoLqRUoB0FeCLm/vz/CwsJw9uxZIViCz9lagTfP5FL4H5cBsptY5fkvnHxVZEFiQd4CEkkvzNkTg9Q8GdJvboRXGzsMCb1XeEPJwpWgz+Ds/DkCD8YiOSsNd36bi4EOHeC7q/BZXpGO47M/gVO/+Th6/xVkbJ26qDB4t7dD/x+uF45rp+56Uc2V9b/KQ3716lU4OTmhQYMGcHV1BRugwOZhZ8LwuJWAnK3uejIA41fexJtR1mJB3hJtpx9TapXzcHKWMxwn7EEqAHnSL5joKMWI0HtKa7/n4dJCNzi4BiJKxhrq3fB1cMaUfWlKq87mIuKr1nAcvQVJwjM4Qa6NjW7ZsgV169bFuXPntDnc4MdU6mytbJRRu3bthJa7X79+OHPmDLy8vITvNjY22L17N9jwRJ42Vcghf4Zdk72xLZG5z8WC3A7u6x4oPQYUIHpRZzgO2yR46XOPzICLpA+Cb5ScZyb3yHS42H6O0PiibrcMybdPYf+WdVi58GtMGfUpOti1gMPwjXgkePsJ8rJs8+nTp5gwYYJgz927dxdCer/99ltkZGSUdZrB91UK5A8fPoSHh4dQeFtbWxw8eLAEzBcvXkTnzp2F/W5ubrh27ZrBC15ZFygFOVvbNW41vPyPIE00yFVfoRVC7v4zEuUKpIR7wbF4WimVxRdbdsfiqHywm8/RgP74qJUz3NwnwX9BCLYevoQtfk5wGB6GhwS5RpNho+aWLVuGt956S+iZsmGzjx49wpQpU2BpaYlGjRph06ZNRgvtNSjkWVlZmD9/PmrVqoW3335bGHGkaTog1oKzmUSaNGkiCMNGL7148UKjsOayQx3kQBbOf+eJH6IzEWuQ9+TKkAM5h75EG9uR+OlNc6xWurxz8+Ha6mNM2fVEaV65DOz1kRLkahWD0FDt3bsXLVu2FBooT09PsEE5yttff/2Fnj17Cvs7dOhglC68QSBnwG7fvh1NmzaFhYUFfHx88Pz5c+Wya/zMbgzz5s0Tbgxs5NLKlSvNeiIB9ZADipf7MX3ievy23BDBMCUhlyduwhipE74IT1J63n6N+LXucHSejH0pciRvHwdHdiMQHiMKqyf3HL7r2gr2QzcgQWjJc3DQj96TM3XYZCFsWis2Hr48eBkPzLHMHknZ8epuBhqBEGGH6JBHRUWhS5cuQmHYcwlbF0qf7cGDBxg5cqSQjlQqBVtDzRw3TZADBXgQNha9u3wEW9Ej3kpCDkU6Iuf1guPHHgg+cgcpWa+QcHIFRn/kgMHLo5EDoOBmMAbYOmLYskg8zZEhM/Eydvj3RWubFrAfEIJY4bFdhtPffAyHz1biZspLJGfz5T/Rxr6Sk5MxdepUvbrhubm5WLJkieCUYw5n1q3PyWHqG3YTDXK2uNvEiROFlrt58+bYuXNniedufYtx6tSp4nnCBgwYYHarn2qGHEBuFBZ3bwGJRshf49qSLpDYTsURTbagNuJNBXImfsFTnF4zAyNdXeAokcKlizumr45EUpHPDdmICf8GI7u2gUMrKdp1HQK/xTtwNMQDrZ18sbcwxC0rOhQTujpCauuK7y+UiOzRt4rN4rz8/HyEhISgfv36FXaoPXnyBOPHjxcasA8//FA0VjQJWWHIVZ0ObFZOse9Or1+/xoYNG9CwYUPUqFEDM2bMQFpamqYy8fW7/AE2eszBqarDk8nV3+HDh+Hg4CBAOXToUNy7d0+UPLIpqzt16lTc62Wvlw2x6Q05e85gTodWrVoJmayM5wwG9qxZswTQ33vvPaxbtw7sBsDzlhe7Bh7DwwqfiXkuqemVja1KOmjQIMG+WWzHsWPHRM8km/aKvVdv3Lixzv4rbTOjF+Q3btwQZthkToT27dsLUWvaXlCM42JjYzFw4EBB/DZt2uDEiRNiJGuCaciRuO1rfH9KOUDFBLPJWZbS09Mxe/ZssEkoWdDW2rVrwWa6MeSWmZmJuXPnwtrautw3UbrmQyfIK+J00DVj2hwfEREBe3t7AfZhw4bh/v372pxGx5ACahVgvUIWav3++++jevXqmDZtGlJSUtQea6gfmQ2PGDFCsGk7OzscOnSowpfSCnIxnQ4VzrFKAixvq1atAnvdxu6CAQEBYHdF2kgBXRRgq7u0bdtWgKtv3764deuWLqeLfuyff/4J1ktlveX+/fvj9u3bel+jXMhVnQ7x8fF6X8yQJ7LAGT8/P+HVxgcffIDNmzcbLcLIkOWktMVVICEhAaNGjRJgkkgkOHDggChvhcTIJetZsHnomf+pyOGcmspGI+i2aYS8MpwOumVVu6NZhBEb8MLugB07dsT58+e1O5GOqlIKqEZjLl++3GSDrpjDeebMmQLo7777LkJDQ3VyOJeCnDkd2DDQIqfDmjVrDO50ENu6VCOMxo4di8ePH4t9GUrPDBVgtrFt2zYhfJpFY3p7eyMpKcksShITEwMWK8IaMF0czsWQFzkd2LtoYzkdxFbaWBFGYpeD0hNHgUuXLhVHY3br1k1YuUWclCs3FeaMY1GgDHZtHM7FkC9dulQ4yRScDmJLphxhNG7cOLGTp/RMXAHlIaDNmjXDjh07TOa5W1/p2EAvNq5DG4dzMeTsVYEpOR30LXxZ57EII9bloa1qKcBu7GwxyoULFyI7O5urwjOHMxuxyR492Io16rZiyNXtpN9IAR4UYD05Nr6b543NwaApnJwg57nmqWykAACCnMyAFOBcAYKc8wqm4pECBDnZACnAuQIEOecVTMUjBQhysgFSgHMFCHLOK5iKRwoQ5GQDpADnChDknFcwFY8U+D/s5T+J/IWt5gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of propanone and propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>Pb</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Ni</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
<p>Label the diagram with the species in the equation.</p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest a metal that could replace nickel in a new half-cell and reverse the electron flow. Use section 25 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe the bonding in metals.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel alloys are used in aircraft gas turbines. Suggest a physical property altered by the addition of another metal to nickel.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>provides an alternative pathway/mechanism <em><strong>AND</strong></em> lower <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>E</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept description of how catalyst lowers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>E</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></math> (e.g. “reactants adsorb on surface «of catalyst»”, “reactant bonds weaken «when adsorbed»”).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>more/greater proportion of molecules with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi><mo>≥</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p>greater frequency/probability/chance of collisions «between the molecules»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>more collision per unit of time/second ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen bonding/bonds «and dipole–dipole and London/dispersion forces are present in» propan-2-ol ✔</p>
<p>dipole–dipole «and London/dispersion are present in» propanone ✔</p>
<p>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydrogen bonding/bonds stronger «than dipole–dipole »<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «sum of all» intermolecular forces stronger ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Bi</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Ag</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pd</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Hg</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pt</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Au</mi><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>b</mi></math> <strong>OR</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>electrostatic attraction ✔</p>
<p>between «a lattice of» metal/positive ions/cations <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «a sea of» delocalized electrons ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “mobile/free electrons”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>malleability/hardness<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«tensile» strength/ductility<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>density<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal/electrical conductivity<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>melting point<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal expansion ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept corrosion/reactivity or any chemical property.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other specific physical properties.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A straight-forward question, however, half of the candidates only mentioned the lower activation energy and did not mention that this is through an alternative mechanism, so did not score the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates gained the mark about the increased frequency of collision. Fewer candidates also clarified that a larger proportion of molecules have the activation energy.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates had the correct structure in their answers identifying the type of intermolecular forces in each compound and then comparing the strength of the two and reaching a conclusion. Some candidates did not know what was meant by volatile. Some candidates stated London dispersion forces in propanone instead of dipole-dipole.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>60% of the candidates obtained the mark. Some candidates labelled the electrodes as ions indicating they do not understand the structure of a voltaic cell.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>70% of the candidates answered correctly. The common mistake was to select a more reactive metal instead.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The mean mark on the question was 1.0 out of 2 marks. Mistakes included not mentioning the 'electrostatic attraction' and talking about 'nuclei attracting the delocalised electrons'. The weakest candidates discussed aspects of ionic and/or covalent bonding.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>80% obtained the mark. Many candidates wrote more than one property, which should be discouraged. Incorrect answers included chemical properties such as reactivity.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss the physical evidence for the structure of benzene.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the typical reactions that benzene and cyclohexene undergo with bromine.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>planar «X-ray»</p>
<p>C to C bond lengths all equal<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C to C bonds intermediate in length between C–C and C=C</p>
<p>all C–C–C bond angles equal</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept all C to C bonds have same bond strength/bond energy.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>benzene:</em> «electrophilic» substitution/S<sub>E</sub><br><em><strong>AND</strong></em><br><em>cyclohexene:</em> «electrophilic» addition/A<sub>E</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept correct equations.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, reacts with oxygen in welding torches.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne reacts with steam.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two possible products are:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="317" height="189"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Product <strong>B</strong>, CH<sub>3</sub>CHO, can also be synthesized from ethanol.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Compare, giving a reason, the length of the bond between the carbon atoms in ethyne with that in ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the type of interaction that must be overcome when liquid ethyne vaporizes.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Product<strong> A</strong> contains a carbon–carbon double bond. State the type of reactions that compounds containing this bond are likely to undergo.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the name of product <strong>B</strong>, applying IUPAC rules.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ, to produce<strong> A</strong> using section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The enthalpy change for the reaction to produce <strong>B</strong> is −213 kJ. Predict, giving a reason, which product is the most stable.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The IR spectrum and low resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of the actual product formed are shown.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="639" height="621"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce whether the product is <strong>A</strong> or <strong>B</strong>, using evidence from these spectra together with sections 26 and 27 of the data booklet. </span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identity of product:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from IR:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from <sup>1</sup>H NMR:</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Reagents:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Conditions:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the average oxidation state of carbon in product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why product <strong>B</strong> is water soluble.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2.5O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + 5O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 4CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="282" height="30"> <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔]</span></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Note:</span></strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> Accept any valid combination of lines, dots and crosses.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«ethyne» shorter <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>a greater number of shared/bonding electrons<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«ethyne» shorter <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>stronger bond <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">London/dispersion/instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “intermolecular forces” or “van der Waals’ forces”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«electrophilic» addition/A<sub>«E»</sub> <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept “polymerization”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ethanal <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«sum of bond enthalpies of reactants =» 2(C–H) + C≡C + 2(O–H)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 839 «kJ <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">mol</span><sup style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–1</sup>» + 2 × 463 «kJ <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">mol</span><sup style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–1</sup>»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2593 «kJ» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«sum of bond enthalpies of A =» 3(C–H) + C=C + C–O + O–H<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>3 × 414 «kJ <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">mol</span><sup style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–1</sup>» + 614 «kJ <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">mol</span><sup style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–1</sup>» + 358 «kJ <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">mol</span><sup style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–1</sup>» + 463 «kJ <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">mol</span><sup style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–1</sup>»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2677 «kJ» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«enthalpy of reaction = 2593 kJ – 2677 kJ» = –84 «kJ» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>it has a more negative/lower enthalpy/«potential» energy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>B <em><strong>AND</strong></em> more exothermic «enthalpy of reaction from same starting point» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Identity of product</em>: <strong>«B»</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>IR spectrum</em>:<br>1700–1750 «cm<sup>–1</sup> band» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>carbonyl/CO group present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no «band at» 1620–1680 «cm<sup>–1</sup>» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>absence of double bond/C=C<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no «broad band at» 3200–3600 «cm<sup>–1</sup>» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>absence of hydroxyl/OH group <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept a specific value or range of wavenumbers and chemical shifts.</span></em></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum</em>:<br>«only» two signals <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>A would have three<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signal at» 9.4–10.0 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«H atom/proton of» aldehyde/<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–</span>CHO present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signal at» 2.2<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–</span>2.7 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«H atom/proton of alkyl/CH next to» aldehyde/CHO present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signal at» 2.2<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–</span>2.7 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«H atom/proton of» RCOCH<sub>2-</sub> present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no «signal at» 4.5<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">–</span>6.0 «ppm» AND absence of «H-atom/proton next to» double bond/C=C <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept “two signals with areas 1:3”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Reagents</em>:<br>acidified/H<sup>+</sup> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «potassium» dichromate«(VI)»/K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2–</sup> <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Conditions:<br>distil «the product before further oxidation» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept “«acidified potassium» manganate(VII)/KMnO<sub>4</sub>/MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>/permanganate”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>” or “H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>” for “H<sup>+</sup>”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “more dilute dichromate(VI)/manganate(VII)” or “excess ethanol”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Award M1 if correct reagents given under “Conditions”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>–<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">1 <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any three of:</em><br>has an oxygen/O atom with a lone pair <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">that can form hydrogen bonds/H-bonds «with water molecules» <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">hydrocarbon chain is short «so does not disrupt many H-bonds with water molecules» <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«large permanent» dipole-dipole interactions with water <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Almost all candidates recognized the products of the complete combustion of ethyne, and over two thirds managed to balance the equation. It was good to see candidates using integers for the balancing.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The majority of candidates drew the Lewis structure of ethyne. A few teachers commented that they did not cover alkynes assuming they are not included in the syllabus. Please check the current syllabus carefully when preparing students.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A very well answered question. The vast majority of candidates understood that triple bonds are stronger than single bonds and result in a shorter bond length. It was disappointing, however, to see a considerable number of candidates stating that ethane has a double bond.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Some candidates could not relate evaporation of a liquid to the breaking of its intermolecular forces and gave irrelevant answers such as “evaporation”. Other candidates gave general answers such as “the intermolecular forces” or used the term “van der Waals’ forces” which did not gain credit as too vague. The current guide is clear that “London/dispersion forces” is the appropriate term to use for instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces. Less than 40 % of the candidates scored the mark. It was disappointing to see some candidates state “covalent bonding” as the type of interaction that must be overcome when liquid ethyne vaporizes. Some teachers thought the wording of the question may have been vague and candidates may have been confused about what was meant by the “type of interaction”.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About 60 % of the candidates stated “addition” as the type of reactions that compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds underwent. It was disappointing to see a variety of answers including substitution, condensation and combustion showing a total lack of understanding. Some candidates gave specific types such as "bromination" or “hydration” which did not receive the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>60 % of the candidates were able to name compound B as ethanal. Some candidates did not recognize it as an aldehyde and gave names related to carboxylic acids or other homologous series. Other candidates called it methanal.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Candidates were confident in using average bond enthalpies for calculating the enthalpy change for the reaction. Mistakes included forgetting to include the breaking of the O-H bonds in water and reversing the signs.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Reasonably well answered. About half of the candidates showed understanding of the relation between stability and the enthalpy change from the same starting materials. ECF was applied in this question based on the answer in part (iii).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The majority of candidates handled this question competently and nearly half of the candidates obtained both marks. They obtained the value of the absorption from the spectra provided and compared it to the values in the data booklet to deduce the identity of the product. Common mistakes included not identifying the peaks and signals precisely (for example C=O instead of CHO for <sup>1</sup>H NMR signal at 9.4-10.0 ppm). Some teachers commented that the TMS signal should not have been included as the SL do not know about it. Other teachers commented that using the 'actual' rather than an ‘idealized’ IR spectrum may have caused confusion due to the peak at around 3400 cm<sup>-1</sup> which could be confused for O-H in alcohols. Thankfully both of these answers were hardly seen in the scripts. The peak at 3400 cm<sup>-1</sup> was not at all broad and did not confuse the majority of students. Please note that real spectra are usually used in examination papers, and it is worth encouraging students to check more than one peak to confirm their deductions.<br><br></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Surprisingly, this question was not answered well by the majority of the candidates. However, it did discriminate well between high-scoring and low-scoring candidates. Common mistakes included incorrect formulas (such as K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>7</sub>), missing the acidic conditions and stating “reflux” instead of “distillation”. Many candidates gave completely irrelevant reagents and conditions such as “oxygen, pressure and a nickel catalyst”. It is possible that some candidates did not think of “distillation” as a “condition”.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About 60 % of the candidates determined the average oxidation state of carbon in ethanal. A couple of teachers commented that asking SL students to determine an “average oxidation state” seems a little difficult. Please note that this term has been used in recent papers whenever there are two or more atoms of the element in different parts of the compound. There was no evidence of confusion on the part of the candidates and most answered the question well.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a challenging question with a demanding markscheme. Most students missed the fact that ethanal can form hydrogen bonds with water. And students who did state this often achieved only 1 out of the 3 marks because they did not offer a full explanation. Some candidates stating "hydrogen bonding" showed confusion by mentioning the hydrogen of the aldehyde group. Few identified the lone pairs on oxygen as the reason for the ability to hydrogen bond. Most candidates just stated that ethanal is polar and dissolves in polar water achieving no marks. However, one mark was awarded for “dipole-dipole interactions with water”.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The photochemical chlorination of methane can occur at low temperature.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Using relevant equations, show the initiation and the propagation steps for this reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react with bromine in a well-lit laboratory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer with the following structure.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>State the structural formula for the monomer of PVC.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Initiation:</em></p>
<p>Cl–Cl → Cl• + Cl•</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Propagation:</em></p>
<p>Cl• + CH<sub>4</sub> → Cl–H + •CH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>Cl–Cl + •CH<sub>3</sub> → Cl–CH<sub>3</sub> + Cl•</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not penalize missing electron dot on radicals if consistent throughout.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept Cl<sub>2</sub>, HCl and CH<sub>3</sub>Cl without showing bonds.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept hydrogen radical, H• or H, but apply ECF to other propagation steps.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hexane <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>hex-1-ene</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “benzene <strong>AND</strong> hexane <strong>AND</strong> hex-1-ene”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “CH<sub>2</sub>CHCl” or “CHClCH<sub>2</sub>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbon forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>C<sub>60</sub> and diamond are allotropes of carbon.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>But-2-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine reacts with methane.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4</sub> (g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) → CH<sub>3</sub>Cl (g) + HCl (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline <strong>one</strong> difference between the bonding of carbon atoms in C<sub>60</sub> and diamond.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State two features showing that propane and butane are members of the same homologous series.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the full structural formula of but-2-ene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> differences in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw and label an enthalpy level diagram for this reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: «each carbon is» bonded to 3 C <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: bonded to 4 C<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: delocalized/resonance <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: not delocalized/no resonance<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: single and double bonds <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: single bonds ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: sp<sup>2</sup> <strong>AND</strong> diamond: sp<sup>3</sup>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: trigonal planar geometry / bond angles between 109.5°/109°/108°–120° <strong>AND</strong> diamond: tetrahedral geometry / bond angle 109.5°/109°”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept "bonds in fullerene are shorter/stronger/have higher bond order".</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>same general formula / C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub> ✔</p>
<p>differ by CH<sub>2</sub>/common structural unit ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept "similar chemical properties".</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “gradation/gradual change in physical properties”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></p>
<p><em>Test:</em></p>
<p>add bromine «water»/Br<sub>2</sub> (aq) ✔</p>
<p><em>Result:</em></p>
<p>«orange/brown/yellow» to colourless/decolourised ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “clear” for M2.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></p>
<p><em>Test:</em></p>
<p>add «acidified» KMnO<sub>4</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Result:</em></p>
<p>«purple» to colourless/decolourised/brown ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “colour change” for M2.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 3:</strong></p>
<p><em>Test:</em></p>
<p>add iodine /<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>I</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Result:</em></p>
<p>«brown» to colourless/decolourised ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept</em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CHCH<sub>3</sub> (g) + HBr (g) → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHBrCH<sub>3</sub> (l)</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub> (g) + HBr (g) → C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>Br (l) ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«electrophilic» addition/E<sub>A</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept nucleophilic or free radical addition.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong> Any two of:</em></p>
<p>but-2-ene: 2 signals <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>product: 4 signals ✔</p>
<p>but-2-ene: «area ratio» 3:1/6:2 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>product: «area ratio» 3:3:2:1 ✔</p>
<p>product: «has signal at» 3.5-4.4 ppm «and but-2-ene: does not» ✔</p>
<p>but-2-ene: «has signal at» 4.5-6.0 ppm «and product: does not» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></p>
<p>but-2-ene: doublet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>quartet/multiplet/4 ✔</p>
<p>product: doublet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triplet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>quintet/5/multiplet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>sextet/6/multiplet ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “product «has signal at» 1.3–1.4 ppm «and but-2-ene: does not»”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>bond breaking: C–H + Cl–Cl / 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 242 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>»/656 «kJ»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>bond breaking: 4C–H + Cl–Cl / 4 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 242 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 1898 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p><br>bond forming: «C–Cl + H–Cl / 324 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> + 431 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 755 «kJ»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>bond forming: «3C–H + C–Cl + H–Cl / 3 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 324 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 431 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 1997 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p><br>«ΔH = bond breaking – bond forming = 656 kJ – 755 kJ» = –99 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for 99 «kJ».</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>reactants at higher enthalpy than products ✔</p>
<p><br>ΔH/-99 «kJ» labelled on arrow from reactants to products<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>activation energy/<em>E</em><sub>a</sub> labelled on arrow from reactant to top of energy profile ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept a double headed arrow between reactants and products labelled as ΔH for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a challenging question that asked about the difference between the bonding of carbon atoms in C<sub>60</sub> and diamond. 20% of the candidates gained the mark. The majority of the candidates did not have a specific enough answer for C<sub>60</sub> and mentioned the pentagons and hexagons but not the number of bonds or the geometry or the bond order or the electron delocalisation. Diamond was better known to candidates as expected.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About two-thirds of the candidates scored one of the two marks and stronger candidates scored both. The most common answers were the same general formula/C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>, the difference between the compounds was CH<sub>2</sub> and similar chemical properties. The same functional group was not accepted since alkanes do not have a functional group. Some candidates only stated that they are saturated hydrocarbons not gaining any marks.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About half of the candidates gave the bromine water test with the correct results. Iodine and KMnO4 were rarely seen in the scripts. There were candidates who used the term “clear” to mean “colourless” which was not accepted. Some candidates referred to the presence of UV light in a correct way and others in an incorrect way which was not penalized in this case. 10% of the candidates left the question blank. The most common incorrect answer was in terms of the IR absorptions. Other candidates referred to enthalpies of combustion and formation.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A well answered question. 70% of the candidates gave the correct structural formula for but-2-ene. Mistakes included too many hydrogens in the structure and an incorrect position of the C=C. Candidates should be reminded that the full structural formula requires all covalent bonds to be shown.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates wrote the correct equation for the reaction of but-2-ene with hydrogen bromide. Incorrect answers included hydrogen as a product. As expected, the question correlated well with highly achieving candidates.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Well answered. 60% of candidates identified the type of reaction between but-2-ene and HBr, some of them including the term “electrophilic”. ECF was generously awarded when substitution was stated based on the equation where H<sub>2</sub> was produced in part (ii). Candidates lost the mark if they only stated “hydrobromination” without mentioning addition. Some candidates lost the mark for stating “nucleophilic” or “free radical” addition.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The comparison of the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of the two organic compounds was more challenging and 10% of the candidates left this question blank. The average mark was 0.7 out of 2 marks. Mistakes included non-specific answers that just stated “more signals” or “higher chemical shift”, and stating 3 signals in 2-bromobutane instead of 4 signals. Standard level candidates were expected to use the number of signals and the ratio of the areas under the signals to answer the question since they do not cover chemical shift, however, many of them did use the <sup>1</sup>H NMR section in the data booklet to obtain correct answers in terms of chemical shift.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was the best answered question on the paper. Candidates identified the bonds and used bond enthalpies to calculate the enthalpy of reaction accurately. The most common mistakes were reversing the signs of bonds broken and bonds formed, assuming two Cl-Cl bonds were broken and using an incorrect value of bond enthalpy for one of the bonds.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The majority of candidates drew the enthalpy level diagram and labelled it correctly based on their answer to part (i). Some candidates reversed the products and reactants. A few candidates did not add any labels which prevented the awarding of the second mark. With 2 marks allocated to the question the second mark was awarded for correct labeling of either ΔH or E<sub>a</sub>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is obtained by the hydration of ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the class of compound to which ethene belongs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the molecular formula of the next member of the homologous series to which ethene belongs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify why ethene has only a single signal in its <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> possible products of the incomplete combustion of ethene that would not be formed by complete combustion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A white solid was formed when ethene was subjected to high pressure.</p>
<p>Deduce the type of reaction that occurred.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>alkene ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept structural formula.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen atoms/protons in same chemical environment ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “all H atoms/protons are equivalent”.</em><br><em>Accept “symmetrical”</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>carbon monoxide/CO <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>carbon/C/soot ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«addition» polymerization ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Organic chemistry can be used to synthesize a variety of products.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Combustion analysis of an unknown organic compound indicated that it contained only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.</p>
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" width="651" height="241"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the change in enthalpy, Δ<em>H</em>, for the combustion of but-2-ene, using section 11 of the data booklet. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;">CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CHCH<sub>3 </sub>(g) + 6O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 4CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation and name the organic product when ethanol reacts with methanoic acid.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce two features of this molecule that can be obtained from the mass spectrum. Use section 28 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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" width="660" height="270"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce <br>on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the bond responsible for the absorption at <strong>A</strong> in the infrared spectrum. Use section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="692" height="321"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce <br>on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the identity of the unknown compound using the previous information, the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum and section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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" width="387" height="329"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="197" height="194"></p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens in displayed structural formulas once only.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept condensed structural formulas: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> / CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> or skeletal structures.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Bonds broken:</em><br>2(C–C) + 1(C=C) + 8(C–H) + 6O=O / 2(346) + 1(614) + 8(414) + 6(498) / 7606 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p><em>Bonds formed:</em><br>8(C=O) + 8(O–H) / 8(804) + 8(463) / 10 136 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p><em>Enthalpy change:</em><br>«Bonds broken – Bonds formed = 7606 kJ – 10 136 kJ =» –2530 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Award<strong> [2 max]</strong> for «+» 2530 «kJ».</em></p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Equation:</em><br>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + HCOOH <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> HCOOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O ✓</p>
<p><em>Product name:</em><br>ethyl methanoate ✓</p>
<p><em>Accept equation without equilibrium arrows.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept equation with molecular formulas (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O + CH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O) only if product name is correct.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethanal <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>distillation ✓</p>
<p>ethanoic acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>reflux «followed by distillation» ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for both products <strong>OR</strong> both methods.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>m/z 58:</em><br>molar/«relative» molecular mass/weight/Mr «is 58 g mol<sup>−1</sup>/58» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>m/z 43:</em><br>«loses» methyl/CH<sub>3</sub> «fragment»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>COCH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> «fragment» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize missing charge on the fragments.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept molecular ion «peak»/ CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sup>+</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept any C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> fragment/ CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub><sup>+</sup>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C=O ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept carbonyl/C=C.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Information deduced from <sup>1</sup>H NMR:</em></p>
<p>«one signal indicates» one hydrogen environment/symmetrical structure<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«chemical shift of 2.2 indicates» H on C next to carbonyl ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Compound:</em></p>
<p>propanone/CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub> ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “one type of hydrogen”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="88" height="60">.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is in equilibrium with compound </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle2"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="247" height="82"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries around the </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>oxygen</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">atom of molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">using VSEPR.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img 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xQV+Xl6ccIA3eGwqn3SAD360grN7Fa1R79qDrgL9yt7Wrp62ONk9l8Xfuwz2nS8pnjwOvq3u3VH0vXj72nukO5KMJvkcHVX+oRn9X7eCo20OjVpo/8qOpEI+v6DuK6TGxbooT6JirfEq9u9U7VyWaaSLdXnAjR2PBsxDn8h6AeqX9yr7OlD1beDVTaLSz3TpmrVvkLVzqYyfbtqlHrZTbL3ePpPgr7kK3xHY2zt1GPePt2oGsfADdfRD9XgZwQQQAABBNq8QOsN+m1+aNsuQOnmTDldM7Wrla52B05CtvTVc1+Fn4TcdkecI0cAAQQQQACB+gQI+vWpcF/LEPAWKGeoVR2GZOnghTJ5vBUqOr5FT97t1D8XHgjZt98yDufPeumuqFBl+QXtmNNbiQ++/ccn+P5ZY/wdAQQQQAABBFq9AEG/1Q9x6z7A8tNbtSRjkHq5rLLEWpTYPV1TX9qtn0P+oanWIeBT0caJ6mi26470J/Xx+bAL87eOQ+QoEEAAAQQQQCCiAgT9iHLSGAIIIIAAAggggAAC0SFA0I+OcaAXCCCAAAIIIIAAAghEVICgH1FOGkMAAQQQQAABBBBAIDoECPrRMQ70AgEEEEAAAQQQQACBiAoQ9CPKSWMIIIAAAggggAACCESHAEE/OsaBXiCAAAIIIIAAAgggEFEBgn5EOWkMAQQQQAABBBBAAIHoECDoR8c40AsEEEAAAQQQQAABBCIqQNCPKCeNIYAAAggggAACCCAQHQIE/egYB3qBAAIIIIAAAggggEBEBQj6EeWkMQQQQAABBBBAAAEEokOAoB8d40AvEEAAAQQQQAABBBCIqABBP6KcNIYAAggggAACCCCAQHQIEPSjYxzoBQIIIIAAAggggAACERUg6EeUk8YQQAABBBBAAAEEEIgOAYJ+dIwDvUAAAQQQQAABBBBAIKICBP2IctIYAggggAACCCCAAALRIUDQj45xoBcIIIAAAggggAACCERUgKAfUU4aQwABBBBAAAEEEEAgOgQI+tExDvQCAQQQQAABBBBAAIGIChD0I8pJYwgggAACCCCAAAIIRIcAQT86xoFeIIAAAggggAACCCAQUQGCfkQ5aQwBBBBAAAEEEEAAgegQIOhHxzjQCwQQQAABBBBAAAEEIipA0I8oJ40hgAACCCCAAAIIIBAdAgT96BgHeoEAAggggAACCCCAQEQF2kjQ9+j4i31lMmVoa0lDfjwGH+bGrQK8Lnhd3DorgvcwN5gbzI1bBXhdtM3Xxa0zIVruaSNBP1q46QcCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCLTeoO85rVX3mmWKiVPnWbtUVo+n9+f/aKQlVibTYK39yVPPI+q7y60Dc2wyjXhHv/nq+3sT3efer8etsRr5399kZNkmOpomaNankmMfaMkrn6oEoCbwpUkEEEAAAQQQaGkCrT7o23ulqG/SLO2+Jel7dT7nAfVP6S0rQb+lzdt6+lumLROscjy8XsUE/Xp8uAsBBBBAAAEE2ppAqw/6zomL9e9eyZqddy18bL0Fyhl+t55anCEHQT/cpkX+RtBvkcNGpxFAAAEEEECgyQRaf9Cfsll75ndT5xk7FRr1Pede0/C+i7T3w0fqBH23Cg+s1uzBPeSKi5UjsZ/GPr1Zp65Xj0E9W3e8v+vw2jka0TtR8RaHutz5sBZvPBG+XchzSUfeeEIP9k2QI9ashO5DNGvVAf3mluQ+oLmOdnrwndBtOW7tnWWVZdSG4Ap1PVt3rp/aqucnpqlPB7tsJrs6pzygJ987pmtVK9ruLxYoyZ6hZSsylNLeqsTe87SnpPo4wm/LTmzUs6P7qYvDKmfyAE1c+poWDLBp0Ms/1jzQ+/th5cy+TykJNjnsyeo/epE2nQj/qMRdeEBrZgxRb0c7mSwd1X/0Ym2pxZP7yEJ1cUzTuh1ZmnhXJzlMNnW5e5Kyj/ymgp3PKyMlUQ6TQz1HLNKui36cqq8/MvYV6/2HrTLFxAa/A2/cKnToyUQ5M17Qqxm9lWBxKWVenvY+3Vu2pH/pfzXjKclXpA/HtVdC5mZd9nl0/MW+MpkytT10wlT3g1sEEEAAAQQQQKCFCLSBoL9dV/Y8pq6dZmpnTXDz6Fz2YPWet1dXtoYH/ZJ989UntoseWfediipu6lr+p1qaapdrxFvKD+TOukG/TF8/P1BOZ5oWf3RCRWVXdGrrfN1jT1bmhgvyBiZCub5+LkW2pPF685vfVeGuUPGx9ZrW1aLUVWfk/QtB33d1tx7vatfABXn6qaRSN8su6qu149TV3E9Z3wcDciDox8Qqafx/dab0ms4fO6vSeiam7/ePNbOLVb0n/Udf/3pVRT9u0cIB8TLFmGuDftlXWjbAocTURdp+okhlV07qo3kD5EzK0Ac/B49SJfu0oEecumWu0/eXKnTzWr72PJem9o77te6nqj75g35MrBx3LdDOn66psuyMckc7ZbI61eOBFTp08boqLn+tl9Otck7YVtXbxhjXXdF3B4K+KSZRmblnVHrtvI6fLdHNb5eonylJc2ong3yXN2pi+w6asvUq5z/UMz+4CwEEEEAAAQRapkAbCPo7VFG6QzMSOmlW9fYdz2llp3bRY7uvqzw06HsL9EZqnBKn7woLxJ5z2UqNcWnOHv8ycHjQ9xa+q7EOq4Zln1Xt6bwVOrKot+w9F+vLSkmXNyrDYlXGxuL6g+RtB32fijdkyNl+orZcCdmQfmO7pjmsemhdYWA2BoN+ohYc9HeioS+PTq9MlSNplnaFrPbfPPaS7m1XHfS9Knz3Ybksg7XmbO1RquKwnullUd+nj0jyqiAnTWbnDO0OfTfhOafVA2OVOGtPoAOBFf2YeM3YWftJQMmWDNli+mr5seq2vbrw5hDZkhYFntMoYzUQ9BPm64vQw3cf1fJ+ZiVN21E1xj5d2TJJiR2maDtn8TY0SbgfAQQQQAABBFqgQNsI+r4r2pLpUvL0TwLhznPyFaV1mqodpb7woF+6TZlxcRq/6Wr4UHqOKatnrHou+e6WoH8jb4YSTP304tGQbSaSbuRNV4I5TdlnPHIfnKuE2HTlFFStfIe3/pe37qjykn78bLNys7O0eM5EPfDPjnLEWDT89fOBCoGgb0rXGw3V9T/Kd0nrR1vlGPeBroa8Z9DNw1rc3Vq1on9DO6e7ZLszSz+EHeYN7Zzmkj11laRSfZTRTuYxmxSu59GxF3rJ1G1JsE/+Ff24gco+U2tRsWua7KZx2lzzRJ+K1j8km3Nu4DmNMVYDQd+WlqPww/foxMsDZa8O9r4SffxoByXXBP9ASf6DAAIIIIAAAgi0eIG2EfTl06X3xsiZOEN5pe5A0Os4YZP8i+GhK/q+i+s0Isas2Xtuhg+sN185g2LlemJ/naDvU/F7D8tRvTe87m1cLz375U3d+ORR2WJHaUNRaJIOKXHbK/qS99c8Lbi7vazte2jo2Jl6+uV1yjvytibHWzR8bUGg8UDQNw/Xf39toK7/UZ6zyk61qMO0PFWEdEmeH7Wieo++rzjwZqBmD3yd47T0XCz5Lip3WKxsM/YoXM+r/LWpMjmeCPbJH/RNQ/X2hbpBP0Pbaj5R8Kno/VFVQb9xxg0FffvwXNU9fM/plUo3uzR5yxV5S7ZrekLSrSdrh1rwMwIIIIAAAggg0AIF2kjQl7y/vKUHrYma+dFhvdzfqXHrfw9sowkN+ird2sCK/lEt61H/in75x5PlMt+nN87XBte688B98Ik/WdE/qHnOdhqZ+2vI1p4b2jXZLHO9J+NW6IsF3WXtOFEf/hKyxF66URMttxn0fZf03iirHGM3BN741PT95hE906N6Rb9c2yfHyz4sRw0fZqm2ja9/Rf+HpT3DV/RvK+hLjTG+naAvzzmtHWxV4uRturB9ujonzdantTuJagj4AQEEEEAAAQQQaMkCbSboy78qP8SqxAGDlGIfqXUXg8E8LOj7H5Map4Rpdfbon12lQTEOzQicwFlnj77/H92yttf49wpDQrpHZ1aly+GcqM3FPvmKN2q8xabMLVfqnyueb7W0a5wGrDhVdfKuf6X9hFb0i60/6FeFc3/wrj4P1t/wjYP/Vq84s4at+SlQp1Er+vLo1KuD5Eiao09rTlaWAqvepto9+j+/eb/i48dqfWHIpwOeM8pOsyohc1Ngj37+6/49+tPr7NE/q+wBsXJO3RXs022v6EuBf9jsT4ylcn00KfQ6+sGTcetb0fefT3A+Z7jiE0ZrykiX7nhsj0IvwlP/IHEvAggggAACCCDQsgTaTtD3B9pXBskWEyv7kLXKr1qADwv6kko+n6ve/qvu5PqvuuNWWUHwqjvx6at1KrAnJTzoy3dV+xakyNFphF7MO6XishLlf5alBzrYNWjZNyoPzIdyfbO0n+xdHtF7xy6r0lOpkvzP9cIgq7rN3a8ylenz2YkydZ+jHQXXVXn9gvYvH66kuNgGLq/p1g8v3i27PV0v7Luo8spruvDVu/pXP1vYlXIaF/T92/R3aHZXm1Km/lffFpao+MwnWpLeQeYYs1JXnAwcge/qXi1MsarziCztOlWsspJ87c0ark62gXrxm+BRqmSv5nf3X3UnN3DVHXdZQfCqO9Z0rTkZ3NATOBn3Nlf0G2dcqb2Pd5J94HL9UHxJRddvBq66U3/Q93/C87ZGWWNliu2ieZ9V9b9lvXbpLQIIIIAAAggg8IcCbSjoS+6jWerfzqy0V0/XXCGnbtD3X1WncP9KzUy7Q87YOMUn9VfG4o36sWa1u07Q9/O6L2rvyhm6r2eCHCarErqla/qr+1RYfREZ/2M8l3T4tZkadke8LDHt5OqapsnLdyq/amO87+o3emN6mrpZ21MGBnAAAAaTSURBVMnuStGYxZuVlzVQjnq37ki6flzr/zVUvZwWWS0d1GtQppasz9MrI2xKmLAxMOiNDfr+B18/8YEWPtBXSVarXJ0HaforWZqUaK3Z7x88zL3Knj5UfTtYZbO41DNtqlbtK6yxDDymcL+yp6Wrhz1OZmuyBo59RpuO1+AFr6N/u0E/WPxPjcu+ydaY7g5ZzT31zKHyPwz68hXq3VF2WbrO1/4b/gLVX1xHv1qCWwQQQAABBBBo2QKtN+i37HFp/t6XbNYkewfNzmulq93+bUepVv3zma/CT0Jufnl6gAACCCCAAAIIRESAoB8RxpbciFcFrw+TI36olh+4oDKPVxVFx7V1Xn8l9Fmog7WL8S35IGv77q5QRWW5Lmx/TCnOh7Su4bOLa5/DTwgggAACCCCAQAsUIOi3wEGLeJfLT2vbsxlK695Bjrg42Z3dNWTyy/r059B/aSriVZulQV/RRj3isqh9crr+ve28Qq5Z1Cz9oSgCCCCAAAIIINBUAgT9ppKlXQQQQAABBBBAAAEEmlGAoN+M+JRGAAEEEEAAAQQQQKCpBAj6TSVLuwgggAACCCCAAAIINKMAQb8Z8SmNAAIIIIAAAggggEBTCRD0m0qWdhFAAAEEEEAAAQQQaEYBgn4z4lMaAQQQQAABBBBAAIGmEiDoN5Us7SKAAAIIIIAAAggg0IwCBP1mxKc0AggggAACCCCAAAJNJUDQbypZ2kUAAQQQQAABBBBAoBkFCPrNiE9pBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSaSoCg31SytIsAAggggAACCCCAQDMKEPSbEZ/SCCCAAAIIIIAAAgg0lQBBv6lkaRcBBBBAAAEEEEAAgWYUIOg3Iz6lEUAAAQQQQAABBBBoKgGCflPJ0i4CCCCAAAIIIIAAAs0oQNBvRnxKI4AAAggggAACCCDQVAIE/aaSpV0EEEAAAQQQQAABBJpRgKDfjPiURgABBBBAAAEEEECgqQQI+k0lS7sIIIAAAggggAACCDSjAEG/GfEpjQACCCCAAAIIIIBAUwkQ9JtKlnYRQAABBBBAAAEEEGhGAYJ+M+JTGgEEEEAAAQQQQACBphIg6DeVLO0igAACCCCAAAIIINCMAgT9ZsSnNAIIIIAAAggggAACTSVA0G8qWdpFAAEEEEAAAQQQQKAZBQj6zYhPaQQQQAABBBBAAAEEmkqgjQR9j46/2FcmU4a2ljREyWPwYW7cKsDrgtfFrbMieA9zg7nB3LhVgNdF23xd3DoTouWeNhL0o4WbfiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqMBtBf3Vq7LlcsSrQ3x7vjFgDjAHmAPMAeYAc4A5wBxgDkTxHHDaHTr6/fcNvrn4R+hfKisrVVpayjcGzAHmAHOAOcAcYA4wB5gDzIEWMAe8Xm9onA/7OSzoh/2FXxBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQKDFChD0W+zQ0XEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBoWIOg3bMNfEEAAAQQQQAABBBBosQIE/RY7dHQcAQQQQAABBBBAAIGGBf4/7EbaZ7uCqeAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="734" height="185"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The IR spectrum of one of the compounds is shown:</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="687" height="247"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><span class="fontstyle0">COBLENTZ SOCIETY. Collection © 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</span></em></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><br>Deduce, giving a reason, the compound producing this spectrum.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">are isomers. Draw two other structural isomers with the formula <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The equilibrium constant, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for the conversion of </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">in water at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, which compound, </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">or </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">, is present in greater concentration when equilibrium is reached.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Electron domain geometry: </em>tetrahedral<em> ✔</em></p>
<p><em>Molecular geometry: </em>bent/V-shaped<em> ✔</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>B <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math> absorption/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1750</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em> <br>B <em><strong>AND</strong></em> absence of <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>–</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo> </mo><mo>/</mo><mn>3200</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3600</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>absorption</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept any value between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn mathvariant="italic">1700</mn><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">1750</mn><mo mathvariant="italic"> </mo><mi>c</mi><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">1</mn></mrow></msup></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Accept any two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math> isomers except for propanone and propen-2-ol:</em></p>
<p><img 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">✔✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens in displayed structural formulas once only.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> is greater than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math>/large ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates answered correctly. The rest of the candidates often answered the question in terms of the carbon atom indicating that they did not read the question carefully.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About 50% of the candidates answered correctly. Quite a few, however, gave compounds other than A or B, indicating not reading the question properly or being confused by the skeletal formulas given in the question.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Nearly half of the candidates gave two correct isomers. Propanal was often given as one of the isomers. Some candidates repeated the compounds given in the question and a few gave structures with 5 bonds on a carbon atom.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates answered correctly. A common mistake was K > 0 instead of K > 1.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>1-chloropentane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The reaction was repeated at a lower temperature.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the role of the hydroxide ion in this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, with a reason, why 1-iodopentane reacts faster than 1-chloropentane under the same conditions. Use section 11 of the data booklet for consistency.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch labelled Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curves at the original temperature (T<sub>1</sub>) and the new lower temperature (T<sub>2</sub>).</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="449" height="297"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the effect of lowering the temperature on the rate of the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«nucleophilic» substitution/S<sub>N</sub>2 ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept if “electrophilic” or “free radical” substitution is stated.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«acts as a» nucleophile/Lewis base<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>donates/provides lone pair «of electrons»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>attacks the «partially» positive carbon ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>bond enthalpy C–I lower than C–Cl<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C–I bond weaker than C–Cl ✔</p>
<p><br>«weaker bond» broken more easily/with less energy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>lower Ea «for weaker bonds» ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept the bond enthalpy values for C–I and C–Cl for <strong>M1</strong>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="437" height="284"></p>
<p>peak at T<sub>1</sub> to right of <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>lower than T<sub>2</sub> ✔</p>
<p>lines begin at origin <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>T<sub>1</sub> must finish above T<sub>2</sub> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«rate is» lower <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«average» kinetic energy of molecules is lower<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«rate is» lower <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>less frequent collisions<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«rate is» lower <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>fewer collisions per unit time ✔</p>
<p>«rate is» lower <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>fewer/smaller fraction of molecules/collisions have the E ≥ <em>E</em><sub>a</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em><br></em><em>Lower «rate» needs to be mentioned once only.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “fewer collisions” without reference to time/frequency/probability for <strong>M1</strong>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Alkanes undergo combustion and substitution.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the molar enthalpy of combustion of an alkane if 8.75 × 10<sup>−4</sup> moles are burned, raising the temperature of 20.0 g of water by 57.3 °C.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate equations for the two propagation steps and one termination step in the formation of chloroethane from ethane.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<em>q</em> = <em>mc</em>Δ<em>T</em> = 20.0 g × 4.18 J g<sup>−1 </sup>°C<sup>−1</sup> × 57.3 °C =» 4790 «J» ✔</p>
<p>«<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mtext>c</mtext></msub><mfrac><mrow><mn>4790</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi></mrow><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mn>1000</mn><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></mfrac><mo>=</mo></math>» –5470 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer. </em></p>
<p><em>Accept answers in the range –5470 to –5480 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>». </em></p>
<p><em>Accept correct answer in any units, e.g. –5.47 «MJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» or 5.47 x 10<sup>6 </sup>«J mol<sup>−1</sup>».</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Cl<strong>·</strong> + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> → <strong>·</strong>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> + HCl ✔</p>
<p><strong>·</strong>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → Cl<strong>·</strong> + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl ✔</p>
<p><br><strong>·</strong>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> + Cl<strong>·</strong> → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Cl<strong>·</strong> + Cl<strong>·</strong> → Cl<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><strong>·</strong>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> + <strong>·</strong>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> → C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not penalize incorrectly placed radical sign, eg </em>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><em><strong>·</strong>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Consider the following Hess’s law cycle:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of reaction in step 1.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup>, of step 2 using section 13 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup>, of step 1.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest one reason why the calculated value of Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> using Hess’s Law in part (c) can be considered accurate and one reason why it can be considered approximate.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«electrophilic» addition/A<sub>E</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>reduction ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “hydrogenation”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«(−286 kJ) + (−1411 kJ) =» −1697 «kJ» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«−1697 kJ + 1561 kJ =» −136 «kJ»</p>
<p><strong>OR</strong></p>
<p>«Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = Δ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="H_{\text{f}}^\theta ">
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mtext>f</mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span> (products) − Δ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="H_{\text{f}}^\theta ">
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mtext>f</mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span> (reactants) = −84 kJ − 52 kJ =» −136 «kJ» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Accurate:</em><br>no approximations were made in the cycle<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>values are specific to the compounds<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Hess’s law is a statement of conservation of energy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>method is based on a law<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>data in table has small uncertainties ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Approximate:</em><br>values were experimentally determined/had uncertainties<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>each value has been determined to only three/four significant figures<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>different sources have «slightly» different values for enthalpy of combustion<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>law is valid until disproved<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>law of conservation of energy is now conservation of mass–energy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>small difference between two quite large terms «leads to high percentage uncertainty» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>