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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>The photochemical chlorination of methane can occur at low temperature.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p>The overall equation for monochlorination of methane is:</p>
<p>CH<sub>4</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → CH<sub>3</sub>Cl(g) + HCl(g)</p>
<p>Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction, Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup>, using section 12 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>«Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup> =» –82.0 «kJ» –92.3 «kJ» – (–74.0 «kJ»)</p>
<p>«Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup> =» –100.3 «kJ»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Propene is an important starting material for many products. The following shows some compounds which can be made from propene, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>Propene (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) → C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl → C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O → C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Consider the conversion of propene to C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">An experiment was carried out to determine the order of reaction between one of the isomers of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl and aqueous sodium hydroxide. The following results were obtained.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block;" 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" width="367" height="138"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the type of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the IUPAC name of the major product.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why it is the major product.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the reaction of the major product with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O compound, showing structural formulas.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the rate expression from the results, explaining your method.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the type of mechanism for the reaction of this isomer of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl with aqueous sodium hydroxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sketch the mechanism using curly arrows to represent the movement of electrons.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of the compound C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O formed in (a)(iv).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy of combustion of this compound, in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, using data from section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the reagents for the conversion of the compound C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O formed in (a)(iv) into C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why the compound C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O, produced in (a)(iv), has a higher boiling point than compound C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, produced in d(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, produced in (d)(i), shows only one signal.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Propene is often polymerized. Draw a section of the resulting polymer, showing two repeating units.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«electrophilic» addition ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Do <strong>not</strong> accept “nucleophilic addition” or “free radical addition”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “halogenation”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2-chloropropane ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">secondary carbocation/carbonium «ion» is more stable<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>carbocation/carbonium «ion» stabilized by two/more alkyl groups ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CH<sub>3</sub>CHClCH<sub>3</sub> (l) + OH<sup>−</sup> (aq) → CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> (aq) + Cl<sup>−</sup> (aq)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>CH<sub>3</sub>CHClCH<sub>3</sub> (l) + NaOH (aq) → CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> (aq) + NaCl (aq) ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Rate = <em>k</em> [C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl] [OH<sup>−</sup>] ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«[OH<sup>−</sup>] held constant and» [C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl] triples <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>rate triples «so first order wrt C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl» ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">[C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>Cl] doubles <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>[OH<sup>−</sup>] doubles <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>rate quadruples «so first order wrt OH<sup>−</sup>» ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">SN2 ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept ‘bimolecular nucleophilic substitution.’</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="628" height="118"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">curly arrow going from lone pair on O/negative charge on OH<sup>–</sup> to C ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">curly arrow showing C–Cl bond breaking ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">formation of CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>Cl<sup>–</sup> ✔</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Do <strong>not</strong> allow arrow originating on H in OH<sup>–</sup>.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Allow curly arrow going from bond between C and Cl to Cl in either reactant or transition state. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> award M3 if OH–C bond is represented.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept formation of NaCl instead of Cl<sup>–</sup>.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O (l) + 9O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 6CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 8H<sub>2</sub>O (g)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O (l) + 4.5O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 3CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O (g) ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>bonds broken:</em><br>7(C–H) + C–O + O–H + 2(C–C) + 4.5(O=O)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>7(414 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») + 358 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» + 463 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» + 2(346 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») + 4.5(498 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») / 6652 «kJ» ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>bonds formed</em>:<br>6(C=O) + 8(O–H)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>6(804 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») + 8(463 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>») / 8528 «kJ» ✔</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>«Δ<em>H</em> = bonds broken − bonds formed = 6652 – 8528 =» −1876 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» ✔</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>NOTE: <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Award<strong> [3]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2–</sup>/«potassium» dichromate «(VI)» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>acidified/H<sup>+</sup><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«acidified potassium» manganate(VII) / «H<sup>+</sup> and» KMnO<sub>4</sub> / «H<sup>+</sup> and» MnO<sub>4</sub>– ✔</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>” or “H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>” for “H<sup>+</sup>”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept HCl.<br>Accept “permanganate” for “manganate(VII)”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O/propan-2-ol: hydrogen-bonding <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O/propanone: no hydrogen bonding/«only» dipole–dipole/dispersion forces ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">hydrogen bonding stronger «than dipole–dipole» ✔</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">only one hydrogen environment<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>methyl groups symmetrical «around carbonyl group» ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> NOTE: Accept “all hydrogens belong to methyl groups «which are in identical positions»”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">✔</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Continuation bonds must be shown. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Methyl groups may be drawn on opposite sides of the chain or head to tail. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ignore square brackets and “n”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Organomagnesium compounds can react with carbonyl compounds. One overall equation is:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Compound B can also be prepared by reacting an alkene with water.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iodomethane is used to prepare CH<sub>3</sub>Mg<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math>. It can also be converted into methanol:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>3</sub><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math> + HO<sup>–</sup> → CH<sub>3</sub>OH + <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math><sup>–</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the name of Compound B, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compound A and Compound B are both liquids at room temperature and pressure. Identify the strongest intermolecular force between molecules of Compound A.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>σ</mtext></math> (sigma) and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">π</mi></math> (pi) bonds in Compound A.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the hybridization of the central carbon atom in Compound A.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the isomer of Compound B that exists as optical isomers (enantiomers).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structural formula of the alkene required.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the reaction produces more (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH than (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>OH.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the repeating unit of the polymer formed from this alkene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the requirements for a collision between reactants to yield products.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the mechanism of the reaction using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The polarity of the carbon–halogen bond, C–X, facilitates attack by HO<sup>–</sup>.</p>
<p>Outline, giving a reason, how the bond polarity changes going down group 17.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>2-methylpropan-2-ol /2-methyl-2-propanol ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept methylpropan-2-ol/ methyl-2-propanol.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept 2-methylpropanol.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>dipole-dipole ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not accept van der Waals’ forces.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>σ</mtext></math>: 9<br><em><strong>AND</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">π</mi></math>: 1 ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>sp<sup>2</sup> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>butan-2-ol/CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>carbocation formed from (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH is more stable / (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>C<sup>+</sup> is more stable than (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> ✔</p>
<p><br>«because carbocation has» greater number of alkyl groups/lower charge on the atom/higher e<sup>-</sup> density<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«greater number of alkyl groups» are more electron releasing<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«greater number of alkyl groups creates» greater inductive/+I effect ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award any marks for simply quoting Markovnikov’s rule.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="213" height="183"></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize missing brackets or n.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award mark if continuation bonds are not shown.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>no change «in colour/appearance/solution» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«nucleophilic» substitution<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>SN2 ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “hydrolysis”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept SN1</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>energy/E ≥ activation energy/E<sub>a</sub> ✔</p>
<p>correct orientation «of reacting particles»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>correct geometry «of reacting particles» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="551" height="106"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in <sup>-</sup>OH to C ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow showing I leaving ✔</p>
<p>representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept OH<sup>-</sup> with or without the lone pair.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> allow curly arrows originating on H, rather than the -, in OH<sup>-</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curly arrows in the transition state.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not penalize if HO and I are not at 180°.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not award M3 if OH–C bond is represented.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> if S<sub>N</sub>1 mechanism shown.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>decreases/less polar <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>electronegativity «of the halogen» decreases ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “decreases” <strong>AND</strong> a correct comparison of the electronegativity of two halogens.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “decreases” <strong>AND</strong> “attraction for valence electrons decreases”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Naming the organic compound using IUPAC rules was generally done well.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mediocre performance in stating the number of σ (sigma) and π (pi) bonds in propanone; the common answer was 3 σ and 1 π instead of 9 σ and 1 π, suggesting the three C-H σ bonds in each of the two methyl groups were ignored.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>sp<sup>2</sup> hybridization of the central carbon atom in the ketone was very done well.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mediocre performance; some identified 2-methylpropan-1-ol or -2-ol, instead butan-2-ol/CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> as the isomer that exists as an optical isomer.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Good performance; some had a H and CH<sub>3</sub> group on each C atom across double bond instead of having two H atoms on one C and two CH<sub>3</sub> groups on the other.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Poor performance, particularly in light of past feedback provided in similar questions since there was repeated reference simply to Markovnikov's rule, without any explanation.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mediocre performance; deducing structural formula of repeating unit of the polymer was challenging in which continuation bonds were sometimes missing, or structure included a double bond or one of the CH<sub>3</sub> group was missing.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mediocre performance; deducing whether the tertiary alcohol could be oxidized solicited mixed responses ranging from the correct one, namely no change (in colour, appearance or solution), to tertiary alcohol will be reduced, or oxidized, or colour will change will occur, and such.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Excellent performance on the type of reaction but with some incorrect answers such as alkane substitution, free radical substitution or electrophilic substitution.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Good performance. For the requirements for a collision between reactants to yield products, some suggested necessary, sufficient or enough energy or even enough activation energy instead of energy/<em>E ≥ </em>activation energy/<em>E</em><sub>a</sub>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mechanism for SN2 not done well. Often the negative charge on OH was missing, the curly arrow was not going from lone pair/negative charge on O in -OH to C, or the curly arrow showing I leaving placed incorrectly and specially the negative charge was missing in the transition state. Formation of a carbocation intermediate indicating SN1 mechanism could score a maximum of 2 marks.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Good performance on how the polarity of C-X bond changes going down group 17.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Benzoic acid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH, is another derivative of benzene.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the wavenumber of one peak in the IR spectrum of benzoic acid, using section 26 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the spectroscopic technique that is used to measure the bond lengths in solid benzoic acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline <strong>one</strong> piece of physical evidence for the structure of the benzene ring.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of the conjugate base of benzoic acid showing <strong>all</strong> the atoms and <strong>all</strong> the bonds.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why both C to O bonds in the conjugate base are the same length and suggest a value for them. Use section 10 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The pH of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid at 298 K is 2.95. Determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, using section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The combustion reaction in (f)(ii) can also be classed as redox. Identify the atom that is oxidized and the atom that is reduced.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest how benzoic acid, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 122.13, forms an apparent dimer, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 244.26, when dissolved in a non-polar solvent such as hexane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the reagent used to convert benzoic acid to phenylmethanol (benzyl alcohol), C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Any wavenumber in the following ranges:<br>2500−3000 «cm<sup>−1</sup>» </span><strong>[✔]</strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>1700−1750 «cm<sup>−1</sup>» </span><strong>[✔]</strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>2850−3090 «cm<sup>−1</sup>» </span><strong>[✔]</strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">X-ray «crystallography/spectroscopy» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any one of:</em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«regular» hexagon</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">all «H–C–C/C-C-C» angles equal/120º <strong>[✔]</strong><br>all C–C bond lengths equal/intermediate between double and single</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">bond order 1.5 <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/2d.PNG" alt width="482" height="158"> <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔</span>]</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>Note: </strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept Kekulé structures.<br>Negative sign must be shown in correct position.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">electrons delocalized «across the O–C–O system»</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">resonance occurs <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">122 «pm» < C–O < 143 «pm» <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Note: </strong>Accept “delocalized π-bond”.</em><br><em>Accept “bond intermediate between single and double bond” or “bond order 1.5” for M1.</em><br><em>Accept any answer in range 123 to 142 pm</em>.</span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></em><br>[H<sup>+</sup>] «= 10<sup>−2.95</sup>» = 1.122 × 10<sup>−3</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>«[OH<sup>−</sup>] = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1.00 \times {{10}^{ - 14}}{\text{ mo}}{{\text{l}}^2}{\text{ d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 6}}}}{{1.22 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}{\text{ mol d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1.00</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>14</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext> mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext> d</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>m</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.22</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mn>10</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext> mol d</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>m</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> =» 8.91 × 10<sup>−12</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></em><br>pOH = «14 − 2.95 =» 11.05 <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong><br>«[OH<sup>−</sup>] = 10<sup>−11.05</sup> =» 8.91 × 10<sup>−12</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.<br>Accept other methods.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH (s) + 15O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 14CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 6H<sub>2</sub>O (l)<br>correct products </span><strong>[✔]</strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>correct balancing </span><strong>[✔]</strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Oxidized</em>:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C/carbon «in C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH»</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>AND</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Reduced</em>:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">O/oxygen «in O<sub>2</sub>» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«intermolecular» hydrogen bonding <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept diagram showing hydrogen bonding.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">lithium aluminium hydride/LiAlH<sub>4</sub> <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates could identify a wavenumber or range of wavenumbers in the IR spectrum of benzoic acid.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Less than half the candidates identified x-ray crystallography as a technique used to measure bond lengths. There were many stating IR spectroscopy and quite a few random guesses.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Again less than half the candidates could accurately give a physical piece of evidence for the structure of benzene. Many missed the mark by not being specific, stating ‘all bonds in benzene with same length’ rather than ‘all C-C bonds in benzene have the same length’.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very poorly answered with only 1 in 5 getting this question correct. Many did not show <strong>all</strong> the bonds and <strong>all</strong> the atoms or either forgot or misplaced the negative sign on the conjugate base.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was a challenge. Candidates were not able to explain the intermediate bond length and the majority suggested the value of either the bond length of C to O single bond or double bond.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Generally well done with a few calculating the pOH rather than the concentration of hydroxide ion asked for.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most earned at least one mark by correctly stating the products of the reaction.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another question where not reading correctly was a concern. Instead of identifying the atom that is oxidized and the atom that is reduced, answers included formulas of molecules or the atoms were reversed for the redox processes.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The other question where only 10 % of the candidates earned a mark. Few identified hydrogen bonding as the reason for carboxylic acids forming dimers. There were many G2 forms stating that the use of the word “dimer” is not in the syllabus, however the candidates were given that a dimer has double the molar mass and the majority seemed to understand that the two molecules joined together somehow but could not identify hydrogen bonding as the cause.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very few candidates answered this part correctly and scored the mark. Common answers were H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCl & Sn, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. In general, strongest candidates gained the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Organic compounds often have isomers.</p>
<p>A straight chain molecule of formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O contains a carbonyl group. The compound cannot be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>A tertiary halogenoalkane with three different alkyl groups, (R<sub>1</sub>R<sub>2</sub>R<sub>3</sub>)C−X, undergoes a S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction and forms two isomers.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formulas of the two possible isomers.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Mass spectra <strong>A </strong>and <strong>B </strong>of the two isomers are given.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_16.37.09.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/09.a.ii_01"></p>
<p>Explain which spectrum is produced by each compound using section 28 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of bond fission that takes place in a S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of solvent most suitable for the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structure of the intermediate formed stating its shape.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, giving a reason, the percentage of each isomer from the S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Nitrobenzene, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>, can be converted to phenylamine via a two-stage reaction.</p>
<p>In the first stage, nitrobenzene is reduced with tin in an acidic solution to form an intermediate ion and tin(II) ions. In the second stage, the intermediate ion is converted to phenylamine in the presence of hydroxide ions.</p>
<p>Formulate the equation for each stage of the reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_16.55.28.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/09.a.i/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept condensed formulas.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong><em>A:</em></strong></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> <strong><em>AND </em></strong><strong>«</strong>peak at<strong>» </strong>29 due to</p>
<p>(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sup>+</sup>/(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sup>+</sup>/(M – CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CO)<sup>+</sup></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> <strong><em>AND </em></strong><strong>«</strong>peak at<strong>» </strong>57 due to</p>
<p>(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CO)<sup>+</sup>/(M – CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sup>+</sup>/(M – C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sup>+</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><em>B:</em></strong></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> <strong><em>AND </em></strong><strong>«</strong>peak at<strong>» </strong>43 due to</p>
<p>(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sup>+</sup>/(CH<sub>3</sub>CO)<sup>+</sup>/(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O)<sup>+</sup>/(M – CH<sub>3</sub>CO)<sup>+</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize missing “</em><em>+</em><em>” sign once only.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “CH</em><sub><em>3</em></sub><em>COCH</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>CH</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>CH</em><sub><em>3 </em></sub><em>by </em><em>elimination since fragment CH</em><sub><em>3</em></sub><em>CO is not </em><em>listed” for M2.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>heterolytic/heterolysis</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>polar protic</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_16.52.34.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/09.b.ii/M"></p>
<p><em>Shape:</em> triangular/trigonal planar</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>around<strong>» </strong>50% <strong>«</strong>each<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>similar/equal percentages</p>
<p> </p>
<p>nucleophile can attack from either side <strong>«</strong>of the planar carbocation<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “racemic mixture/racemate” for </em><em>M1.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Stage one:</em></p>
<p>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>(l) + 3Sn(s) + 7H<sup>+</sup>(aq) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + 3Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Stage two:</em></p>
<p>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>–</sup>(aq) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>(l) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, and ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethyne, like ethene, undergoes hydrogenation to form ethane. State the conditions required.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the formation of polyethene from ethene by drawing three repeating units of the polymer.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethyne reacts with chlorine in a similar way to ethene. Formulate equations for the following reactions.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Under certain conditions, ethyne can be converted to benzene.</p>
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup><em>, </em>for the reaction stated, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup><em>, </em>for the following similar reaction, using Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> values in section 12 of the data booklet.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(l)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, giving two reasons, the difference in the values for (c)(i) and (ii). If you did not obtain answers, use −475 kJ for (i) and −600 kJ for (ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard entropy change, Δ<em>S</em><sup>Θ</sup>, in J K<sup>−1</sup>, for the reaction in (ii) using section 12 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine, showing your working, the spontaneity of the reaction in (ii) at 25 °C.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One possible Lewis structure for benzene is shown.</p>
<p><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_14.31.21.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/03.d"></p>
<p>State one piece of physical evidence that this structure is <strong>incorrect</strong>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>nickel/Ni <strong>«</strong>catalyst<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>high pressure</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>heat</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept these other catalysts: Pt, Pd, Ir, </em><em>Rh, Co, Ti.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “high temperature” or a stated </em><em>temperature such as “150 </em><em>°</em><em>C”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_13.51.15.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/03.a.ii/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Ignore square brackets and “n”.</em></p>
<p><em>Connecting line at end of carbons must </em><em>be shown.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>ethyne:</em> C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → CHClCHCl</p>
<p><em>benzene:</em> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl + HCl</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “C</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>Cl</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = bonds broken – bonds formed</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = 3(C≡C) – 6(C<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAANCAYAAACgu+4kAAAAUklEQVQ4EWP8////fwYKABMFesFaB9qAfwwUuuAdA4uKgiJKMNx5cJ+BWDGGf28YGCmKhX83KPQCkwgDo7K8AlnpAORVBoZ/FHqBgYFCLwwKAwBbdR/JDJ9lrwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==">C)<sub>benzene</sub> / 3 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span> 839 – 6 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span> 507 / 2517 – 3042 =<strong>»</strong> –525 <strong>«</strong>kJ<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for “+525 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>kJ</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for:</em></p>
<p><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>Δ</em><em>H<sup>Θ</sup></em><em> =</em><em> </em><em>3(C≡</em><em>C) –</em><em> </em><em>3(C</em><em>–</em><em>C) –</em><em> </em><em>3(C</em><em>=</em><em>C) / </em><em>3 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span></em><em> </em><em>839 –</em><em> </em><em>3 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span></em><em> </em><em>346 –</em><em> </em><em>3 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span></em><em> </em><em>614 / 2517 </em><em>– </em><em>2880 </em><em>=</em><strong><em>» </em></strong><em>–</em><em>363 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>kJ</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = ΣΔ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> (products) – ΣΔ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> (reactants)</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>Δ<em>H</em><sup>Θ</sup> = 49 kJ – 3 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span> 228 kJ =<strong>»</strong> –635 <strong>«</strong>kJ<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for “+635 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>kJ</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sub>f</sub> values are specific to the compound</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>bond enthalpy values are averages <strong>«</strong>from many different compounds<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>condensation from gas to liquid is exothermic</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “benzene is in two different </em><em>states </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>one liquid the other gas</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>” </em><em>for M2.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>Δ<em>S</em><sup>Θ</sup> = 173 – 3 <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \times ">
<mo>×</mo>
</math></span> 201 =<strong>»</strong> –430<strong> «</strong>J K<sup>–1</sup><strong>»</strong></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>T = <strong>«</strong>25 + 273 =<strong>» </strong>298 <strong>«</strong>K<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>Δ<em>G</em><sup>ϴ</sup> <strong>«</strong>= –635 kJ – 298 K × (–0.430 kJ K<sup>–1</sup>)<strong>» </strong>= –507 kJ</p>
<p>Δ<em>G</em><sup>ϴ</sup> < 0 <strong><em>AND </em></strong>spontaneous</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>ΔG</em><sup><em>ϴ </em></sup><em>< 0 may be inferred from the </em><em>calculation.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>equal C–C bond <strong>«</strong>lengths/strengths<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>regular hexagon</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>all<strong>» </strong>C–C have bond order of 1.5</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>all<strong>» </strong>C–C intermediate between single and double bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “all C</em><em>–</em><em>C</em><em>–</em><em>C bond angles are </em><em>equal”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbon forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>C<sub>60</sub> and diamond are allotropes of carbon.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine reacts with methane.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4</sub> (g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) → CH<sub>3</sub>Cl (g) + HCl (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline <strong>two</strong> differences between the bonding of carbon atoms in C<sub>60</sub> and diamond.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why C<sub>60</sub> and diamond sublime at different temperatures and pressures.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State two features showing that propane and butane are members of the same homologous series.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the full structural formula of (Z)-but-2-ene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> differences in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving a reason, the major product of reaction between but-1-ene and steam.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the mechanism of the reaction between 1-bromopropane, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br, and aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq), using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the splitting pattern in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum for 1-bromopropane.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw and label an enthalpy level diagram for this reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Any <strong>two</strong> of:</p>
<p>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: bonded to 3 C <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: bonded to 4 C ✔</p>
<p>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: delocalized/resonance <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: not delocalized / no resonance ✔</p>
<p>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: <em>sp<sup>2</sup> <strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: <em>sp<sup>3 </sup></em>✔</p>
<p>C<sub>60</sub> fullerene: bond angles between 109–120° <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>diamond: 109° ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept "bonds in fullerene are shorter/stronger/have higher bond order <strong>OR</strong> bonds in diamond longer/weaker/have lower bond order".</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>diamond giant/network covalent <em><strong>AND</strong></em> sublimes at higher temperature ✔</p>
<p>C<sub>60</sub> molecular/London/dispersion/intermolecular «forces» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “diamond has strong covalent bonds <strong>AND</strong> require more energy to break «than intermolecular forces»” for M1.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>same general formula / C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub> ✔</p>
<p>differ by CH<sub>2</sub>/common structural unit ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept "similar chemical properties".</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “gradation/gradual change in physical properties”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></p>
<p><em>Test:</em></p>
<p>add bromine «water»/Br<sub>2</sub> (aq) ✔</p>
<p><em>Result:</em></p>
<p>«orange/brown/yellow» to colourless/decolourised ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept “clear” for M2.</em></p>
<p><strong><br>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></p>
<p><em>Test:</em></p>
<p>add «acidified» KMnO<sub>4</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Result:</em></p>
<p>«purple» to colourless/decolourised/brown ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “colour change” for M2.</em></p>
<p><strong><br>ALTERNATIVE 3:</strong></p>
<p><em>Test:</em></p>
<p>add iodine /<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>I</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Result:</em></p>
<p>«brown» to colourless/decolourised ✔<br><br></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept</em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CHCH<sub>3</sub> + HBr (g) → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHBrCH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>Correct reactants ✔</p>
<p>Correct products ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept molecular formulas for both reactants and product</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«electrophilic» addition/EA ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept nucleophilic or free radical addition.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong> Any two of:</em></p>
<p>but-2-ene: 2 signals <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>product: 4 signals ✔</p>
<p>but-2-ene: «area ratio» 3:1/6:2 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>product: «area ratio» 3:3:2:1 ✔</p>
<p>product: «has signal at» 3.5-4.4 ppm «and but-2-ene: does not» ✔</p>
<p>but-2-ene: «has signal at» 4.5-6.0 ppm «and product: does not» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></em></p>
<p>but-2-ene: doublet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>quartet/multiplet/4 ✔</p>
<p>product: doublet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triplet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>quintet/5/multiplet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>sextet/6/multiplet ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “product «has signal at» 1.3–1.4 ppm «and but-2-ene: does not»”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> ✔</p>
<p>«secondary» carbocation/CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sup>+</sup>CH<sub>3</sub> more stable ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “Markovnikov’s rule” without reference to carbocation stability.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in HO<sup>–</sup> to C ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow showing Br breaking ✔</p>
<p>representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds ✔</p>
<p>formation of organic product CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>Br– ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not allow curly arrow originating on H in HO<sup>–</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curly arrow either going from bond between C and Br to Br in 1-bromopropane or in the transition</em><br><em>state.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if HO and Br are not at 180° to each other. </em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3 max]</strong> for S<sub>N</sub>1 mechanism.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>triplet/3 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>multiplet/6 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triplet/3 ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>bond breaking: C–H + Cl–Cl / 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 242 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>»/656 «kJ»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>bond breaking: 4C–H + Cl–Cl / 4 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 242 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 1898 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>bond forming: «C–Cl + H–Cl / 324 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> + 431 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 755 «kJ»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>bond forming: «3C–H + C–Cl + H–Cl / 3 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 324 «kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 431 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 1997 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>«ΔH = bond breaking – bond forming = 656 kJ – 755 kJ» = –99 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for 99 «kJ».</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>reactants at higher enthalpy than products ✔</p>
<p><br>ΔH/-99 «kJ» labelled on arrow from reactants to products<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>activation energy/<em>E</em><sub>a</sub> labelled on arrow from reactant to top of energy profile ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept a double headed arrow between reactants and products labelled as ΔH for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A challenging question, requiring accurate knowledge of the bonding in these allotropes (some referred to graphite, clearly the most familiar allotrope). The most frequent (correct) answer was the difference in number of bonded C atoms and hybridisation in second place. However, only 30% got a mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Again, this was a struggle between intermolecular forces and covalent bonds and this proved to be even harder than (a)(i) with only 25% of candidates getting full marks. The distinction between giant covalent/covalent network in diamond and molecular in C60 and hence resultant sublimation points, was rarely explained. There were many general and vague answers given, as well as commonly (incorrectly) stating that intermolecular forces are present in diamond. As another example of insufficient attention to the question itself, many candidates failed to say which would sublime at a higher temperature and so missed even one mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This easy question was quite well answered; same/similar physical properties and empirical formula were common errors.</p>
<p>Candidates misinterpreted the question and mentioned CH3<sup>+</sup>, i.e., the lost fragment; the other very common error was -COOH which shows a complete lack of understanding of MS considering the question is about butane so O should never appear.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Well answered by most, but some basic chemistry was missing when reporting results, perhaps as a result of little practical work due to COVID. A significant number suggested IR spectrometry, very likely because the question followed one on H NMR spectroscopy, thus revealing a failure to read the question properly (which asks for a test). Some teachers felt that adding "chemical" would have avoided some confusion.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most were able to draw this isomer correctly, though a noticeable number of students included the Z as an atom in the structural formula, showing they were completely unfamiliar with E/Z notation.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Well done in general and most candidates wrote correct reagents, eventually losing a mark when considering H<sub>2</sub> to be a product alongside 2-bromobutane.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very well answered, some mentioned halogenation which is a different reaction.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A considerable number of students (40%) got at least 1 mark here, but marks were low (average mark 0.9/2). Common errors were predicting 3 peaks, rather than 4 for 2 -bromobutane and vague / unspecific answers, such as ‘different shifts’ or ‘different intensities’. It is surprising that more did not use H NMR data from the booklet; they were not directed to the section as is generally done in this type of question to allow for more general answers regarding all information that can be obtained from an H NMR spectrum.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Product was correctly predicted by many, but most used Markovnikov's Rule to justify this, failing to mention the stability of the secondary carbocation, i.e., the chemistry behind the rule.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>As usual, good to excellent candidates (47.5%) were able to get 3/4 marks for this mechanism, while most lost marks for carelessness in drawing arrows and bond connectivity, issues with the lone pair or negative charge on the nucleophile, no negative charge on transition state, or incorrect haloalkane. The average mark was thus 1.9/4.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another of the very poorly answered questions where most candidates (90%) failed to predict 3 peaks and when they did, considered there would be a quartet instead of multiplet/sextet; other candidates seemed to have no idea at all. This is strange because the compound is relatively simple and while some teachers considered that predicting a sextet may be beyond the current curriculum or just too difficult, they could refer to a multiplet; a quartet is clearly incorrect.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Only the very weak candidates were unable to calculate the enthalpy change correctly, eventually missing 1 mark for inverted calculations.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates drew correct energy profiles, consistent with the sign of the energy change calculated in the previous question. And again, only very weak candidate failed to get at least 1 mark for correct profiles.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about carbon and chlorine compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>6</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math></span>, reacts with chlorine in sunlight. State the type of this reaction and the name of the mechanism by which it occurs.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_15.22.26.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/06.a"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate equations for the two propagation steps and one termination step in the formation of chloroethane from ethane.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_14.32.42.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/06.bi"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the splitting patterns in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why tetramethylsilane (TMS) is often used as a reference standard in <sup>1</sup>H NMR.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One possible product, <strong>X</strong>, of the reaction of ethane with chlorine has the following composition by mass:</p>
<p>carbon: 24.27%, hydrogen: 4.08%, chlorine: 71.65%</p>
<p>Determine the empirical formula of the product.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of product <strong>X</strong> are shown below. Deduce, giving your reasons, its structural formula and hence the name of the compound.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>When the product <strong>X</strong> is reacted with NaOH in a hot alcoholic solution, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl is formed. State the role of the reactant NaOH other than as a nucleophile.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Chloroethene, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{Cl}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>3</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span>, can undergo polymerization. Draw a section of the polymer with three repeating units.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>substitution <strong><em>AND </em></strong>«free-»radical</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>substitution <strong><em>AND </em></strong>chain</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award [1] for “</em><em>«</em><em>free-</em><em>»</em><em>radical substitution” </em><em>or “S</em><sub><em>R</em></sub><em>” written anywhere in the answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Two propagation steps:</em></p>
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}} + \bullet {\text{Cl}} \to {{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}} \bullet + {\text{HCl}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>6</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>HCl</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}} \bullet + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} \to {{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl}} + \bullet {\text{Cl}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p><em>One termination step:</em></p>
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}} \bullet + {{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}} \bullet \to {{\text{C}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{10}}}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>4</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>10</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}} \bullet + \bullet {\text{Cl}} \to {{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{Cl}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>5</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \bullet {\text{Cl}} + \bullet {\text{Cl}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}">
<mo>∙</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>∙</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">→</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept radical without </em><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \bullet ">
<mo>∙</mo>
</math></span><em> if consistent </em><em>throughout.</em></p>
<p><em>Allow ECF for incorrect radicals </em><em>produced in propagation step for M3.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>triplet <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>quartet</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>chemical shift/signal outside range of common chemical shift/signal</p>
<p>strong signal/12/all H atoms in same environment<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>singlet/no splitting of the signal</p>
<p>volatile/easily separated/easily removed<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>inert/stabl</p>
<p>contains three common NMR nuclei/<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>29</sup>Si</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept chemical shift = 0.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{C}} = \frac{{24.27}}{{12.01}} = 2.021">
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>24.27</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>12.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2.021</mn>
</math></span> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{H}} = \frac{{4.08}}{{1.01}} = 4.04">
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4.08</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>4.04</mn>
</math></span> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\text{Cl}} = \frac{{71.65}}{{35.45}} = 2.021">
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>71.65</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>35.45</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2.021</mn>
</math></span></p>
<p>«hence» CH<sub>2</sub>Cl</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{24.27}}{{12.01}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>24.27</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>12.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> : <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{4.08}}{{1.01}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4.08</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.01</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> : <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{71.65}}{{35.45}}.">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>71.65</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>35.45</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</math></span></em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. </em></p>
<p><em>Award [2] for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>molecular ion peak(s) «about» <em>m/z</em> 100 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> «isotopes of Cl»</p>
<p>two signals «in <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signals in» 3:1 ratio «in <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>one doublet and one quartet «in <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«so» CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>1,1-dichloroethane</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “peaks” for “signals”.</em></p>
<p><em>Allow ECF for a correct name for M3 if an incorrect chlorohydrocarbon is identified.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>base<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>proton acceptor</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_15.46.25.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/06.d/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Continuation bonds must be shown.</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore square brackets and “n”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept <img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_15.47.42.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/06.d_2/M"> .</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other versions of the polymer, </em><em>such as head to head and head to tail.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept condensed structure provided all </em><em>C to C bonds are shown (as single).</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbon dioxide contributes significantly to global warming. It can be used as a raw material with methyloxirane to form polymers.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the three-membered ring in methyloxirane is unstable.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw <strong>two</strong> structural isomers of methyloxirane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, giving a reason, whether methyloxirane can form<em> cis-trans</em> isomers.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the chemical shift and splitting pattern of the signal produced by the hydrogen atoms labelled <strong>X</strong> in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of the polymer. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>angle between bonds is 60°/strained/smaller than 109.5° ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em><br>CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub> ✔</p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO ✔</p>
<p>CH<sub>2</sub>=CHCH<sub>2</sub>OH ✔</p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>OCH=CH<sub>2</sub> ✔</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept displayed or condensed structural formulas or skeletal formulas.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept CH(OH)=CHCH<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>2</sub>=C(OH)CH<sub>3</sub>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>only one «axial/methyl/CH<sub>3</sub>» substituent «at the ring»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>two «axial» substituents required «for cis/trans-isomers» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Accept “no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«O in the ring and» one carbon has two H atoms”.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Chemical shift:</em><br>3.7–4.8 «ppm» ✔</p>
<p><em>Splitting pattern:</em><br>doublet ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen has 62.02 % carbon and 10.43 % hydrogen by mass.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the empirical formula of the compound, showing your working.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The infrared spectrum of the compound is shown. Deduce the functional group of the compound.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass spectrum of the compound is shown. Deduce the relative molecular mass of the compound.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="float: left;" 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The compound could not be oxidized using acidifi ed potassium dichromate(VI).</p>
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the compound.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«in 100 g sample» <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{62.02\,{\text{g}}}}{{12.01\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>62.02</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>g</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>12.01</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>g</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> <em><strong>AND </strong></em><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{10.43\,{\text{g}}}}{{1.01\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>10.43</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>g</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1.01</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>g</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>«in 100 g sample» 5.164 mol C <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>10.33 mol H ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>27.55 %</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>1.722 mol O ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>«empirical formula» C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«absorption at wavenumber 1700−1750 cm<sup>–1</sup>» C=O/carbonyl ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “ketone” or “aldehyde”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<em>m/z</em> =» 58 ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about the reactions of halogenoalkanes.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare and contrast the mechanisms by which 1-chlorobutane, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl, and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCl, react with aqueous sodium hydroxide, giving <strong>two </strong>similarities and <strong>one </strong>difference.</p>
<p><img 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GApJUCAAAECBAgQIFC7gABR+wTonwABAgQIECBAgECBgABRgKWUAAECBAgQIECAQO0CAkTtE6B/AgQIECBAgAABAgUCAkQBllICBAgQIECAAAECtQsIELVPgP4JECBAgAABAgQIFAgIEAVYSgkQIECAAAECBAjULjAnAkRjsD+rurqzbN1ARqba0cb2bOxdmp4l6zMw0pii6pkM9q9JT9eK9A3snqImmevHC6skZqH5BTDXZ11/zU1ux/tGszf2Dagt98Z9o/vG1sMj8zn+ZXrYHoO2XGfJh3mjo6OjPV3dGRreOUuWbJkECBAgQIAAAQIECBwpgf2zwpx4BuJI4TkOAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXUCAqH0C9E+AAAECBAgQIECgQECAKMBSSoAAAQIECBAgQKB2AQGi9gnQPwECBAgQIECAAIECAQGiAEspAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXUCAqH0C9E+AAAECBAgQIECgQECAKMBSSoAAAQIECBAgQKB2AQGi9gnQPwECBAgQIECAAIECAQGiAEspAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXUCAqH0C9E+AAAECBAgQIECgQECAKMBSSoAAAQIECBAgQKB2AQGi9gnQPwECBAgQIECAAIECAQGiAEspAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXWBOBIjGYH9WdXVn2bqBjEy1o43t2di7ND1L1mdgpDFF1TMZ7F+Tnq4V6RvYPUVNMtePF1ZJzELzC2Cuz7r+mpvcjveNZm/sG1Bb7o37RveNrYdH5nP8y/SwPQZtuc6SD/NGR0dHe7q6MzS8c5Ys2TIJECBAgAABAgQIEDhSAvtnhTnxDMSRwnMcAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu4AAUfsE6J8AAQIECBAgQIBAgYAAUYCllAABAgQIECBAgEDtAgJE7ROgfwIECBAgQIAAAQIFAgJEAZZSAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu4AAUfsE6J8AAQIECBAgQIBAgYAAUYCllAABAgQIECBAgEDtAgJE7ROgfwIECBAgQIAAAQIFAgJEAZZSAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu4AAUfsE6J8AAQIECBAgQIBAgYAAUYCllAABAgQIECBAgEDtAgJE7ROgfwIECBAgQIAAAQIFAgJEAZZSAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu8CcCBCNwf6s6urOsnUDGZlqRxvbs7F3aXqWrM/ASGOKqmcy2L8mPV0r0jewe4qaZK4fL6ySmIXmF8Bcn3X9NTe5He8bzd7YN6C23Bv3je4bWw+PzOf4l+lhewzacp0lH+aNjo6O9nR1Z2h45yxZsmUSIECAAAECBAgQIHCkBPbPCnPiGYgjhec4BAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXmOUBopE9g3dna/+6vK2rOz1jf5fmbes+my9v25XGS727IwPpW7I0q/q3j62lMdifVV0r0jewu7Wy5vq3pO+cpeNr7+3P4Mj2bF3X2+plTTYOPvNSd+H4BAgQIECAAAECBJ4TeNlzn826T57NroGP5j1rv5zjL78uNzx2XRbN70gau7LtS1/Ip9aclT//TzflM+vPyrFtEpM6Fq3NbcNrJ0n/OA9t3JCtXX+Uu//+3BzX0cjIwLU5b/Pr8rH7/kd6jztqUq1PCRAgQIAAAQIECLz0Am3y0LoUopE92z49Fh5OvOHWfOrKt46Hh+bNdByb5edeno9vem+ycV2u+9L3XvpnIqZqr/GjfPfR3ckrj04z+yTP5ofDO7I3C/Iz82dxtpuqX5cTIECAAAECBAjMeoFZGiB+nIc2/222n3Jxrnz7CTmwiY7MX35+rlpzVL72B5/J3SONZOJ0os/ekYc+//wpT8su/LPcOTiyz0Y2dn0zm547jah5SlR/Bvar2ecKY/94Nru2bckNF542fvrRkt/ODV/9Vn44qXDyKUxjn7/uV3P9I3uzd9O7s3zs9KtfyDnX3Jvs/VwuXLYwy9YNZGxlzWdVJq2555x12TgwmD0Tt93q7W3rPvnc8Seu+8K9NJ/xWJ9lXWtyy8Ddk3o+LRdt+HoG90w+CazZ318/f7pVs787Jq2huZYXW2eeyWD/mvR0OTVrYut8JECAAAECBAjMNoEDH3vPhg5GHssdm7+XzpO78uopO3hFlr9lZTr3DuSObT9udbU3j153U7b+9H/JrcM7M/TEvbnp+Ntz0WUbs631YLnxgy259Jcvy92v+v3c88TODA3fn4/3PJjLetdn6w+enUKn9YzI6lvyo1/rz8PN2/7H96f7kYHcuffgVxk7nemJf0jfKZ3pXHNLtjWvM/x4vnLN6UnnO/OX/7Qj//ShlVnQ+F62XrIqa+/6uVz7wPYMDe/Iwzf8h9z7vnfmA1smP7uyN9s3P5afveqrGXriwXzxt5Zn/rR7uTd/9OE78tPv+nyGhnfmnx/4UI772tW54i/+ZyukPJsfbLk6Z6++Nbl4cx5uruG2FfnO70xaw7TW+fIsWrspQ8Ob8q5FLz84jEsJECBAgAABAgTaWmDKh9/tvOrGD4fz2N7OLOx5Tea/6EJ357HhHz13GlPnmitz1bmLx6/XPN3pza9P5+MP5tGnmuFgd+6+eUO+tujiXHXpaa3XTizI4rXX56bV29J3833jzwgccMzxZ0S+P/m25y9O7weuzPmdBxQXXNDIyN2fSd9XFub3rl6bU49tviaiI/MXX5A/vfns3DPx7ErrFjtXvyOrFi9IOl6VRa97tqCXE3L+1b+T3kULxm6p49hTsvIXfzrbB76dp5pPQjR25uu3fC15rr/mGn41F6w+Kl+75c7saJStswBAKQECBAgQIECAQJsJzMoAcfgMOzL/+O4szPcz9OSeZMpnNubn+J7XZu/mb2Rb83So/f+MXW/3gYFm/mvSs+in9q8u+PePs+32geztXJgTXz35BdWtde/z7Mp+N3uovYzdzHi/GdyZJ/c00thxf7Y8kv36OyYrP3RXhrauzaKOGaxzv2X7JwECBAgQIECAQHsLzMpX6na8uisnde7N1qGnsieLM/5z86mgj8lJXa9MR56aquCAy8dek7DpgIuTzoUHuTAZf0bkoP91eC4ce03E5w5yWyfkpINcOvmi0l4mX7f48xmss/hYrkCAAAECBAgQIPCSCMzKAJEFJ+Ws1SfkC48O54eNZMFBn0eZ+Kn4ypy1/BUFuJ05+ZrN+eLaxQd5cfbBb2Y80CSPHfy/Z37pKevzlduaP+mf4qb2fQ34pKIX66UxxSlZk26i5NMXW2fJbaklQIAAAQIECBBoS4GpHpK25WKfX9Qrcurq38jiRz6dDQd9m9bmi5q/kI9uejZn//f35MyDJ4znb27is7Fgckx2PPh4du1zptLT2bbhvPQ0f9HbPpe3rjhxvbFnRCZuLMmepzI0+H8nXVD6aeuF4IOP5Du7Jr+Au9nfn+VtL/RuRhNrKu3lIEvsWHhazj0l2bFPf5PfUalz/AXrh7LOgxzPRQQIECBAgAABAu0rMEsDRPNtWi/OZ/p/Ld+94h157+S3HG2+leiWG/O7az6VvOtD+eBB3+Z1qg05Jme+78qccdeHc80n7m+FiJEMbtmQvhuTS9efO8WzAK3rbf5veX//t8ffuWjP9mz9yIZ8YYp3YZpqBfte3pEFZ74n1694IH0f/GweGgsRzd9e/aV8+A9vSS6/POdN+W5Gh9rLvisY+1dHd37lygvy2k0b8vGBH4z/Vu1d9+avbv1OFo+toXMG6zzI8VxEgAABAgQIECDQtgKzNEA0PY/KsSv/MH/3wCfz9p+9K1ectHD89y+87qz0PfQzefumO/J315b/FuqO496ej2z945z+r3+SM17XnZ6uU3Lel4/ORZs/mcuWHz3lRo5f77osuefCvL75Ox1O+kAeWr4ml54ykxdRN9906YT0fvRzuemMf8n6Ny5OT9fCvL737/PKi/8yn7n8DS/4LlSH2suBTTatr8pnNr8j//bht+bnu7rz82+8Kf92waefX8O01jn5WYtnDjyMSwgQIECAAAECBNpeYN7o6OhoT1f32Pv/t/1qLZAAAQIECBAgQIAAgSMqsH9WmMXPQBxRNwcjQIAAAQIECBAgQGDst5JhIECAAAECBAgQIECAwDQFPAMxTShlBAgQIECAAAECBAhk2r/qgBUBAgQIECBAgAABAgQECDNAgAABAgQIECBAgMD0BZzCNFwYAMsAAAnFSURBVH0rlQQIECBAgAABAgSqFxAgqh8BAAQIECBAgAABAgSmLyBATN9KJQECBAgQIECAAIHqBQSI6kcAAAECBAgQIECAAIHpCwgQ07dSSYAAAQIECBAgQKB6AQGi+hEAQIAAAQIECBAgQGD6AgLE9K1UEiBAgAABAgQIEKheQICofgQAECBAgAABAgQIEJi+gAAxfSuVBAgQIECAAAECBKoXECCqHwEABAgQIECAAAECBKYvIEBM30olAQIECBAgQIAAgeoFBIjqRwAAAQIECBAgQIAAgekLCBDTt1JJgAABAgQIECBAoHoBAaL6EQBAgAABAgQIECBAYPoCAsT0rVQSIECAAAECBAgQqF5AgKh+BAAQIECAAAECBAgQmL6AADF9K5UECBAgQIAAAQIEqhcQIKofAQAECBAgQIAAAQIEpi8gQEzfSiUBAgQIECBAgACB6gUEiOpHAAABAgQIECBAgACB6QsIENO3UkmAAAECBAgQIECgegEBovoRAECAAAECBAgQIEBg+gICxPStVBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXkCAqH4EABAgQIAAAQIECBCYvsCcCBCNwf6s6urOsnUDGZmq98b2bOxdmp4l6zMw0pii6pkM9q9JT9eK9A3snqImmevHC6skZqH5BTDXZ11/zU1ux/tGszf2Dagt98Z9o/vG1sMj8zn+ZXrYHoO2XGfJh3mjo6OjPV3dGRreOUuWbJkECBAgQIAAAQIECBwpgf2zwpx4BuJI4TkOAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXUCAqH0C9E+AAAECBAgQIECgQECAKMBSSoAAAQIECBAgQKB2AQGi9gnQPwECBAgQIECAAIECAQGiAEspAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXUCAqH0C9E+AAAECBAgQIECgQECAKMBSSoAAAQIECBAgQKB2AQGi9gnQPwECBAgQIECAAIECAQGiAEspAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXUCAqH0C9E+AAAECBAgQIECgQECAKMBSSoAAAQIECBAgQKB2AQGi9gnQPwECBAgQIECAAIECAQGiAEspAQIECBAgQIAAgdoFBIjaJ0D/BAgQIECAAAECBAoEBIgCLKUECBAgQIAAAQIEahcQIGqfAP0TIECAAAECBAgQKBAQIAqwlBIgQIAAAQIECBCoXWBOBIjGYH9WdXVn2bqBjEy1o43t2di7ND1L1mdgpDFF1TMZ7F+Tnq4V6RvYPUVNMtePF1ZJzELzC2Cuz7r+mpvcjveNZm/sG1Bb7o37RveNrYdH5nP8y/SwPQZtuc6SD/NGR0dHe7q6MzS8c5Ys2TIJECBAgAABAgQIEDhSAvtnhTnxDMSRwnMcAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu4AAUfsE6J8AAQIECBAgQIBAgYAAUYCllAABAgQIECBAgEDtAgJE7ROgfwIECBAgQIAAAQIFAgJEAZZSAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu4AAUfsE6J8AAQIECBAgQIBAgYAAUYCllAABAgQIECBAgEDtAgJE7ROgfwIECBAgQIAAAQIFAgJEAZZSAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu4AAUfsE6J8AAQIECBAgQIBAgYAAUYCllAABAgQIECBAgEDtAgJE7ROgfwIECBAgQIAAAQIFAgJEAZZSAgQIECBAgAABArULCBC1T4D+CRAgQIAAAQIECBQICBAFWEoJECBAgAABAgQI1C4gQNQ+AfonQIAAAQIECBAgUCAgQBRgKSVAgAABAgQIECBQu8CcCBCNwf6s6urOsnUDGZlqRxvbs7F3aXqWrM/ASGOKqmcy2L8mPV0r0jewe4qaZK4fL6ySmIXmF8Bcn3X9NTe5He8bzd7YN6C23Bv3je4bWw+PzOf4l+lhewzacp0lH+aNjo6O9nR1Z2h45yxZsmUSIECAAAECBAgQIHCkBPbPCnPiGYgjhec4BAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAgEBogBLKQECBAgQIECAAIHaBQSI2idA/wQIECBAgAABAgQKBASIAiylBAgQIECAAAECBGoXECBqnwD9EyBAgAABAgQIECgQECAKsJQSIECAAAECBAgQqF1AgKh9AvRPgAABAgQIECBAoEBAgCjAUkqAAAECBAgQIECgdgEBovYJ0D8BAgQIECBAgACBAoF5C0/sGi2oV0qAAAECBAgQIECAQIUCQ8M7x7qeNzo6KkBUOABaJkCAAAECBAgQIHAoAk5hOhQ11yFAgAABAgQIECBQqYAAUenGa5sAAQIECBAgQIDAoQgIEIei5joECBAgQIAAAQIEKhUQICrdeG0TIECAAAECBAgQOBSB/w99wFGYpGIeuAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why the rate of reaction of the similar bromo-compounds is faster.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the organic product of the reaction between 1-chlorobutane, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl, and aqueous sodium hydroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest how this product could be synthesized in one step from butanoic acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the name of the class of compound formed when the product of (c)(i) reacts with butanoic acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two similarities:</em></p>
<p>heterolytic bond breaking</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>chloride ions leave</p>
<p> </p>
<p>nucleophilic/OH<sup>–</sup> substitution</p>
<p>both first order with regard to [halogenoalkane]</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>One difference:</em></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl is second order/bimolecular/S<sub>N</sub>2 <strong><em>AND </em></strong>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCl is first order/unimolecular/S<sub>N</sub>1</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl rate depends on [OH<sup>–</sup>] <strong><em>AND </em></strong>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCl does not</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl is one step <strong><em>AND </em></strong>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCl is two steps</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCl involves an intermediate <strong><em>AND </em></strong>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl does not</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl has inversion of configuration <strong><em>AND </em></strong>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCl has c. 50 : 50 retention and inversion</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “produces alcohol” or </em><em>“produces NaCl”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “substitution in 1-chlorobutane </em><em>and </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>some</em><strong><em>» </em></strong><em>elimination in 2-chloro-2-</em><em>methylpropane”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C–Br bond weaker than C–Cl bond</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “Br<sup>–</sup></em><em> </em><em>is a better leaving group”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept "bromine is more </em><em>reactive".</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “C–Br bond is longer </em><em>than C–Cl” alone.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>butan-1-ol/CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “butanol” for “butan-1-ol”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “1-butanol”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>penalize for name if correct </em><em>formula is drawn.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>reduction with<strong>» </strong>lithium aluminium hydride/LiAlH<sub>4</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “sodium </em><em>borohydride/NaBH</em><sub><em>4</em></sub><em>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ester</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A compound with a molecular formula C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O produced the following high resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce what information can be obtained from the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the functional group that shows stretching at 1710 cm<sup>–1</sup> in the infrared spectrum of this compound using section 26 of the data booklet and the <sup>1</sup>H NMR.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest the structural formula of this compound.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react with bromine in a well-lit laboratory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the main organic product when hex-1-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the reagents and the name of the mechanism for the nitration of benzene.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, in terms of the bonding present, why the reaction conditions of halogenation are different for alkanes and benzene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Below are two isomers, A and B, with the molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>Br.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Explain the mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reaction with NaOH(aq) for the isomer that reacts almost exclusively by an S<sub>N</sub>2 mechanism using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Number of hydrogen environments:</em> 3</p>
<p><em>Ratio of hydrogen environments:</em> 2:3:9</p>
<p><em>Splitting patterns:</em> «all» singlets</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept any equivalent ratios such as 9:3:2.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “no splitting”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>carbonyl<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C=O</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “ketone” but not “aldehyde”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAPMAAABxCAYAAAAAjpXsAAAPv0lEQVR4Ae2dW0gcZxTHT2I1btR6qaLGRsGAptJYtFYUsSjU0OqDtHULQUVLIGk2Pql58EXTxFftjVJpA7EslbbY1gcvDRUU2goGhWq1YDS4rDHF1rsF8bJ+5XztLnuZ3Z0dZ3fWmfPBsjPfbc75nfnvzHcRTzHGGFAiAkTgxBM4feI9IAeIABHgBEjMdCMQAZUQIDGLDKTJZAKDwQDnz5+HU6dOQXx8PNTU1ADm26fBwUHIy8uD+fl5+2zbcVtbGy/HOpSECayursKtW7cgPT2ds46IiICysjLo7e0VbkC5nMAzxME7gYGBAaiurga8qaqqqiA1NRXMZjMYjUZA8Q4PD0Nubi7vaH19HSYnJ2F3d1ew48XFRV4uWEiZ8Ouvv8Kbb74J//zzD7z11lvw3nvv8eP+/n7Q6/Xw9ttvQ09PD4SFhREtZwI4AUbJPQGz2cyioqLY5cuX2c7OjkNFk8nEkpKS2KVLl5jFYuFlRqMRJxTZ1NSUQ13rSW1tLS/HOpQcCfz111/sueeeYy+99BJbWFhwLGSMffLJJywkJIS1tLS4lFEGY/Sa7fzr5nTe2dkJ+/v70N3dDZGRkQ6laWlp0N7eDikpKbC8vOxQRie+E/joo49ge3sbvv/+e7hw4YJLBw0NDXD16lX48MMPAV/FKTkSIDE78nA5e/DgARQXF0NycrJLGWbgzTU0NMTH0oIVKFM0AXyVRtY4VnaXkDcOYVDwlBwJ0JjZkYfL2cLCAp98cSnwkoHjO51O51ILx9qUhAk8evSI/zgKl/6Xm52dzQ9mZmY8VdNkGYnZS9gPDg4kTbYUFhZCQkKCS+/4FN/Y2LDl7+zsQH19PeBTKTo6GlpbWwFfJ7WY8IkbHh7u0XVr+d7ensd6WiwkMXuJOo6LpTxNGxsbwfoUsb/EysoKzM7O2mfR8f8EkpKS4O+///bI488//+Tl586d81hPi4U0ZvYS9YKCAhgbG4OjoyPBmrjUlJmZCX19fYLl3jJR9DjpMzo6Cvfv34fbt2/z5S5v7dRYjuPlkZERODw8dOveTz/9xMtKS0vd1tFqAYnZS+Tr6urgyZMnXGhCVe/evQuPHz+GjIwMoWKveUVFRdDV1QX4Wl5RUQElJSUwPT3ttZ0aK9y8eZO/BbW0tAi6h28177//PuTk5MCrr74qWEfTmbQ+552AXq9nZ86cYW1tbQzXnTHhOui1a9f4mnFDQ4OtE6nrzCMjI6y5uZmvWT99+tTWn9YOkCWuwV+5coWv1eP6/dbWFvvqq69YWloaX/OfnJzUGhZR/tLOBRGY9vb2mMFgYKGhobYNH3jD6XQ6voHBumEEu5Iq5qamJlZaWsouXrzIHj58KMIq9Vb57LPP+GYcZGz/QT7uNuOol4Z4z05hVU2/mvjgPG7VHB8fh7W1NYiNjeWvxnFxcQ49bG5u8ldFfO22zrzaV1haWrLNZgtNkH3wwQdw7949zU+S4bh5YmICcGnw7Nmz8Morr9Bavv2NJHBMYhaAEsgs3GdcXl4OMTEx/LJ4A+Okm6dJoEDaR9c6OQRIzArHKj8/H3ASrKOjg28bxTXnra0tvqtMYdPo8ieMAIlZQsDwTyDlGp3gTqbKykq+19hisfCZWvxTv8TERAmWqaOJO77u8tXh9fG9IDFLYCj3TYWv1HNzc3z7p6d9yRJMPZFN3PF1l38infSD0SRmCVDpppIAzYcm7vi6y/eha1VXpU0jqg4vOaclAiRmLUWbfFU1ARKzqsNLzmmJAIlZS9EmX1VNgMSs6vCSc1oiQGLWUrTJV1UTIDGrOrzknJYIkJi1FG3yVdUESMyqDi85pyUCJGYtRZt8VTUBErOqw0vOaYkAiVlL0SZfVU2AxKzq8JJzWiJAYtZStMlXVRMgMas6vOSclgiQmLUUbfJV1QRIzKoOLzmnJQIkZi1Fm3xVNQESs6rDS85piQCJWUvRJl9VTYDErOrwknNaIkBi1lK0yVdVEyAxqzq85JyWCJCYtRRt8lXVBEjMqg4vOaclAvQfLbQUbfJV1QToyazq8JJzWiLgUcz4v33wc/36dbdMUlJSIC8vz225c4HJZAKDwcD/cTb2HR8fDzU1NYD5wZyCzW6x9gwODvL4zM/PC+Jta2vj5b7EULAjmTPF+ifzZY/VnVib/RUTj2I+lmfUmAgQgYASeCaQVxsYGIDq6mqIiIiAqqoqSE1NBbPZDEajEfDXanh4GHJzcwNpkqhrBZvdvtizvr4Ok5OTsLu7K+jr4uIiLxcsVCjTF/8UMtHlsr7Y7LeYMA8JABh+rl275rbWuXPn2Msvv+y23FpgNptZVFQUu3z5MtvZ2bFm82+TycSSkpLYpUuXmMVi4R+HCgqeBJvdvtiD2IxGI4/h1NSUIMXa2lpejnFWOqFvvvqntM14fV9t9ldMAvaa3dnZCfv7+9Dd3Q2RkZEOv2xpaWnQ3t4OOP7GJzV+giUFm91i7VleXg4WhKLtQN/E+ncS7xG/x8TTL5ucT+YXXniBvfbaa54uJ1hmtSHQ31ZjpNjtD1ul2uOPp4Dc/tn7Fiy8xfhob7cv97Y/YoK2iBozf/7554Afdyk5OdldkS1/YWEBysrKbOdiDxjDt0DlkhS7/WmzFHuQnl6vB51O5wJSyhPOX/6hb5h8vU/8ZY8LLDcZwRATNE2UmAsKCviElZAvd+7csWXv7OxAfX099Pf3Q3R0NLS2tkJDQwMvPzg4gLCwMFvdk3IQbHZLtaewsBASEhJcsA8NDcHGxgbPx2EQphs3bsA333wDh4eHPO6ffvopj6dLY5kz0DdMJ+0+8WdMkIcnXdmHQJSYs7Ozoampyb6d7RjHONbU2NgI29vbMDo6CjhjV1dXB+np6bz4+eefB7+PGayGyPgdbHbj/IKUpynGBuPonFZWVmB2dpZn448vpt9//53/IIeEhPC4Nzc3wxdffOHcVPZzZI3ppN0n/owJ8nCnq/LycocYyDoBVlRUBF1dXYBPgYqKCigpKYHp6Wn+wbKff/4Zjo6OHAywnuASSWZmJnz99df8Y81X+jvY7Ma3pLGxMa8c+/r6fEb37LPPAn4+/vhjHrvi4mLATSU//vijz31JaYCsfeEt5Rr+aOPPmKC9yERIVy6+WAfxQt/WSQBfl6ZGRkZYc3MzX2p6+vQpw8/g4CBfArl3757Qpdi7777LQkJCGC6huFtGEWzo58xgs1usPbOzs5zMcSdbMI6vv/66nyn/1z36Jta/k3iPHDcmzrpyDorHxUWpYm5qamKlpaXs4sWL7OHDh/yDF9br9ezMmTOsra2Nr81h3sLCAl/Hxms1NDQ42xcU58Fmty/2HEfMX375JYuOjmZ//PFHQOPgi38BNczDxXyxWWpMnHXlbI5fxGy9SGdnJ8vKyuIfzNvb22MGg4GFhobaNiqgiHU6HWtpaQmqzSJWH4LRbl84SrlxcOPOnTt3WGxsLPvll1/sUQTk2Bf/AmKQiIv4YrOUmNibYNWVfR4ee/wTSJwcwXT27FmIiopyeUXHjNXVVTh9+jTExcVBT08P4KA8JiaG152YmAAcT2DCmVFrwsmx8fFxWFtbg9jYWD7GxvbBnoLNbjH2bG5u8gmzjIwMCA8Pd0G8tLRkm81+8cUXefk777zDJ8F++OEHyMrKcmkTqAwx/gXKFrHXEWOzLzHBSUt3urLXFNrnUcxiHbDWy8/P54P1jo4OvtsLl6m2trZ4MS6BUApuAtZlxm+//RZQyDgZZk2JiYnWQ/oOMAF3unLWlKxinpmZgcrKSv60tlgskJOTA729vdx1Nd0M+KebSm9U8Mf9ZH07sq47219Djf7a+xfMx+505awpWcWMQPDRPzc3x3cbWdeYgxmUFNvUKmbrsEqIifONI1SH8vxHQIyuZBez/9wJnp7VKubgIUyWSCEg66YRKQZQGyJABOQhQGKWhyP1QgQUJ0BiVjwEZAARkIcAiVkejtQLEVCcAIlZ8RCQAURAHgIkZnk4Ui9EQHECJGbFQ0AGEAF5CJCY5eFIvRABxQmQmBUPARlABOQhQGKWhyP1QgQUJ0BiVjwEZAARkIcAiVkejtQLEVCcAIlZ8RCQAURAHgIkZnk4Ui9EQHECJGbFQ0AGEAF5CJCY5eFIvRABxQmQmBUPARlABOQhQGKWhyP1QgQUJ0BiVjwEZAARkIcAiVkejtQLEVCcAIlZ8RCQAURAHgIkZnk4Ui9EQHECJGbFQ0AGEAF5CJCY5eFIvRABxQmQmBUPARlABOQhQGKWhyP1QgQUJ0BilhAC+idqEqBRE78TIDGLRGwymcBgMMD58+cB/9dUfHw81NTUAObbp8HBQcjLy4P5+Xn7bNtxW1sbL8c6lIiAnARIzHLSpL6IgIIEnlHw2ifm0gMDA1BdXQ0RERFQVVUFqampYDabwWg0Aj6Jh4eHITc3l/uzvr4Ok5OTsLu7K+jf4uIiLxcspEwicAwCJGYv8JaWluDKlStQWFgI3333HURGRtpaNDY2QkFBAdTX18Nvv/0Gp0/Ti44NDh0EnADdfV6Qd3Z2wv7+PnR3dzsIGZulpaVBe3s7pKSkwPLyspeeqJgI+JcAPZm98H3w4AEUFxdDcnKyYM2rV68CfigRAaUJkJi9RGBhYQHKysq81HIt1uv1oNPpXApwrE2JCPiDAInZC9WDgwMICwvzUsu1GMfYCQkJLgVDQ0OwsbFhy9/Z2eFj7v7+foiOjobW1lZoaGiwldMBERBLgMTshRSOi6U8TXFyLDs726X3lZUVmJ2dteVjve3tbRgdHQWcCa+rq4P09HQoLy+31aEDIiCGAE2AeaGEs9VjY2NwdHQkWBOXmjIzM6Gvr0+w3FtmUVERdHV18dnyiooKKCkpgenpaW/NqJwIuBAgMbsgcczAJ+WTJ0/g/v37jgX/n929exceP34MGRkZguXeMnFZ68KFC/zJfOvWLXj06BF/OntrR+VEwJkAidmZiNP5G2+8ATiZdfPmTbh9+zbgujMmFPD169e5yG/cuAFZWVlOLX07xTEzbjbBMTr+eFAiAj4TYJS8Etjb22MGg4GFhoYyALB9dDoda2lpYRaLxdaH0Wjk5VNTU7Y8+4Pa2lpbe/t863FnZyfLysqyntI3ERBN4BTW9PkXQKMNcIJqfHwc1tbWIDY2lo9z4+LiHGhsbm7yCTN87Q4PD3cowxN8sltns3GCrKenh092xcTE8LoTExN8V9nh4aFLW8ogAp4IkJg90QlAWX5+PuAkWEdHB99phmPora0twCUsSkTAFwIkZl9o+aHuzMwMVFZWwurqKlgsFsjJyYHe3l5ITEz0w9WoSzUTIDEHQXTxlXpubo7vGMM1ZkpEQAoBErMUatSGCAQhAVqaCsKgkElEQAoBErMUatSGCAQhgX8B/ZouS4AxNXAAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<p><em>Accept (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for any aldehyde or ketone with C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O structural formula.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hexane <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>hex-1-ene</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “benzene <strong>AND</strong> hexane <strong>AND</strong> hex-1-ene”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHBrCH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept displayed formula but <strong>not</strong> molecular formula.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Reagents:</em> «concentrated» sulfuric acid <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «concentrated» nitric acid</p>
<p><em>Name of mechanism:</em> electrophilic substitution</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>benzene has «delocalized» <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\pi ">
<mi>π</mi>
</math></span> bonds «that are susceptible to electrophile attack» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> alkanes do not</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “benzene has single and double bonds”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in <sup>–</sup>OH to C</p>
<p>curly arrow showing Br leaving</p>
<p>representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept OH<sup>–</sup> with or without the lone pair.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not allow curly arrows originating on H in OH<sup>–</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curly arrows in the transition state.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not penalize if HO and Br are not at 180°.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not award M3 if OH–C bond is represented.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> if wrong isomer is used.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The Bombardier beetle sprays a mixture of hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide to fight off predators. The reaction equation to produce the spray can be written as:</p>
<table style="width: 388.667px; margin-left: 120px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 211px;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq)</td>
<td style="width: 18px;">→</td>
<td style="width: 195.667px;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 211px;">hydroquinone</td>
<td style="width: 18px;"> </td>
<td style="width: 195.667px;">quinone</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center; padding-left: 120px;"><br> </p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrogenation of propene produces propane. Calculate the standard entropy change, Δ<em>S<sup> </sup></em><sup>θ</sup>, for the hydrogenation of propene.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup>, for the hydrogenation of propene is –124.4 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup>. Predict the temperature above which the hydrogenation reaction is not spontaneous.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«Δ<em>S<sup> </sup></em><sup>θ</sup> =» 270 «J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>» – 267 «J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>» – 131 «J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>»</p>
<p>«Δ<em>S<sup> </sup></em><sup>θ</sup> =» –128 «J K<sup>–1</sup> mol<sup>–1</sup>»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«non spontaneous if» Δ<em>G </em><sup>θ</sup> = Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup> – <em>T</em>Δ<em>S </em><sup>θ</sup> > 0<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Δ<em>H </em><sup>θ</sup> > <em>T</em>Δ<em>S </em><sup>θ</sup></p>
<p>«<em>T</em> above» <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{ - 124.4{\text{ }}\ll {\text{kJ}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - {\text{1}}}}\gg }}{{ - 0.128{\text{ }}\ll {\text{kJ}}\,{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - {\text{1}}}}\gg }} = ">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>124.4</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>≪</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>kJ</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>1</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>≫</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>0.128</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
</mrow>
<mo>≪</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>kJ</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>K</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>1</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>≫</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
</math></span>» 972 «K»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept 699 °C.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not award M2 for any negative T value.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of propanone and propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction</span></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Pb</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Ni</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Label the diagram with the species in the equation.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="576" height="239"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard cell potential, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></math>, for the cell at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>. Use section 24 of the data booklet</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard free energy change, </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle4"><strong>in</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="bold">kJ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">, for the cell using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest a metal that could replace nickel in a new half-cell and reverse the electron flow. Use section 25 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe the bonding in metals.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel alloys are used in aircraft gas turbines. Suggest a physical property altered by the addition of another metal to nickel.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>provides an alternative pathway/mechanism <em><strong>AND</strong></em> lower <em>E</em><sub>a</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept description of how catalyst lowers E<sub>a</sub> (e.g. “reactants adsorb on surface «of catalyst»”, “reactant bonds weaken «when adsorbed»”).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>more/greater proportion of molecules with <em>E</em> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAAMCAYAAABSgIzaAAAAkklEQVQoFWP4TyZgqEzq/r/2zLP/f0k0gKFMkuE/AwPDfwaHsv9zN5z5/4xIExj+f775f+/aWf/LHCQhBjC4/S+bu/f/zc/4TWBAduHfZ2f+b4AbovM/rnvF/703PyIrgbNRNMJF/3//f3NuKMQFkpX/937EtB1FI2k2kutHskOV7HhEBAhpLEQCACUCbBhHqAIAqolBX7mtjgwAAAAASUVORK5CYII="><em>E</em><sub>a </sub>✔</p>
<p>greater frequency/probability/chance of collisions «between the molecules»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>more collision per unit of time/second ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen bonding/bonds «and dipole–dipole and London/dispersion forces are present in» propan-2-ol ✔</p>
<p>dipole–dipole «and London/dispersion are present in» propanone ✔</p>
<p>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> hydrogen bonding/bonds stronger «than dipole–dipole »<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>propan-2-ol less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «sum of all» intermolecular forces stronger ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>«</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>−</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>26</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>ΔG</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>nFE</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>96</mn><mo> </mo><mn>500</mn><mo>×</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow><mn>1000</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>25</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Bi</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Ag</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pd</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Hg</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Pt</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Au</mi><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>b</mi></math> <strong>OR</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>s</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>electrostatic attraction ✔</p>
<p>between «a lattice of» metal/positive ions/cations <em><strong>AND</strong></em> «a sea of» delocalized electrons ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “mobile/free electrons”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>malleability/hardness<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«tensile» strength/ductility<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>density<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal/electrical conductivity<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>melting point<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>thermal expansion ✔</p>
<p><em>Do not accept corrosion/reactivity or any chemical property.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other specific physical properties.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Although fairly well done some candidates did not mention that providing an alternate pathway to the reaction was how the activation energy was lowered and hence did not gain the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Almost all candidates earned at least 1 mark for the effect of temperature on rate. Some missed increase in collision frequency, others the idea that more particles reached the required activation energy.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The average mark was 1.9/3. Almost all candidates could recognize hydrogen bonding in alcohol but many missed the dipole-dipole attraction in propanone. There was also some confusion on the term volatility, with some thinking stronger IMF meant higher volatility.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A surprising number of No Response for a question where candidates simply had to label a diagram with the species in the equation. Some candidates had the idea but did not use the species for electrolytic cell, e.g., Pb(SO<sub>4</sub>) instead of Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>80% of candidates could correctly calculate a cell potential by using a reduction table and a balanced redox reaction. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was similar to 2f(ii) where many could apply the formula for Gibbs free energy change, ΔG<sup>ө</sup>, correctly however some did not get the units correct.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>80% could correctly pick a metal to reverse the electron flow, however some candidates thought a more reactive, rather than a less reactive metal than nickel would reverse the electron flow.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates were aware that metallic bonding involved a "sea of electrons", but were unsure about surrounding what and could not identify that it was electrostatic attraction holding the metal together.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Almost all candidates could correctly identify a physical property of a metal which might be altered when alloying.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(vi).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>An acidic sample of a waste solution containing Sn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) reacted completely with K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> solution to form Sn<sup>4+</sup>(aq).</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify one organic functional group that can react with acidified K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(aq).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Corrosion of iron is similar to the processes that occur in a voltaic cell. The initial steps involve the following half-equations:</p>
<p>Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2e<sup>–</sup> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> Fe(s)</p>
<p><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span>O<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + 2e<sup>–</sup> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> 2OH<sup>–</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Calculate <em>E</em> <sup>θ</sup>, in V, for the spontaneous reaction using section 24 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the Gibbs free energy, Δ<em>G</em> <sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, which is released by the corrosion of 1 mole of iron. Use section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why iron forms many different coloured complex ions.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Zinc is used to galvanize iron pipes, forming a protective coating. Outline how this process prevents corrosion of the iron pipes.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydroxyl/OH<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>aldehyde/CHO</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “hydroxy/alcohol” for “hydroxyl”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept amino/amine/NH<sub>2</sub>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<em>E</em> <sup>θ</sup> =» +0.85 «V»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept 0.85 V.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Δ<em>G</em> <sup>θ</sup> «= –<em>nFE</em> <sup>θ</sup>» = –2 «mol e<sup>–</sup>» x 96500 «C mol<sup>–1</sup>» x 0.85 «V»</p>
<p>«Δ<em>G</em> <sup>θ</sup> =» –164 «kJ»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “«+»164 «kJ»” as question states energy released.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for “+” or “–” 82 «kJ».</em></p>
<p><em>Do not accept answer in J.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>incompletely filled d-orbitals</p>
<p>colour depends upon the energy difference between the split d-orbitals</p>
<p>variable/multiple/different oxidation states</p>
<p>different «nature/identity of» ligands</p>
<p>different number of ligands</p>
<p><em><strong>[3 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Zn/zinc is a stronger reducing agent than Fe/iron<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Zn/zinc is oxidized instead of Fe/iron<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Zn/zinc is the sacrificial anode</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “Zn is more reactive than Fe”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “Zn oxide layer limits further corrosion”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not accept “Zn layer limits further corrosion”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Halogenoalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with sodium hydroxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State a reason why most halogenoalkanes are more reactive than alkanes.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Classify 1-bromopropane as a primary, secondary or tertiary halogenoalkane, giving a reason.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the mechanism of the reaction between 1-bromopropane with aqueous sodium hydroxide using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, giving your reason, whether the hydroxide ion acts as a Lewis acid, a Lewis base, or neither in the nucleophilic substitution.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> advantages of understanding organic reaction mechanisms.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>polarity/polar «molecule/bond»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>carbon–halogen bond is weaker than C–H bond ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>primary <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>Br/bromine is attached to a carbon bonded to two hydrogens<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>primary <em><strong>AND</strong></em> Br/bromine is attached to a carbon bonded to one C/R/alkyl «group» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “primary <strong>AND</strong> Br/bromine is attached to the first carbon in the chain”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on O in HO<sup>–</sup> to C ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow showing Br leaving ✔</p>
<p>representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds ✔</p>
<p>formation of organic product CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>Br<sup>–</sup> ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> allow curly arrow originating on H in HO<sup>–</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curly arrow either going from bond between C and Br to Br in 1-bromopropane or in the transition state.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if HO and Br are not at 180° to each other.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award <strong>M3</strong> if OH–C bond is represented.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«Lewis» base <em><strong>AND</strong></em> donates a pair of electrons ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em><br>choose «most» appropriate reaction «for preparing the target compound» ✔<br>design/discover new reactions/reagents ✔<br>apply this knowledge to other areas of chemistry/science ✔<br>«retro-»synthesis «more effective» ✔<br>control/predict «desired» products ✔<br>control rate of reaction «more effectively» ✔<br>satisfy intellectual curiosity ✔<br>predicting how changing reagents/conditions might affect reaction ✔<br>suggesting intermediates/transition states ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept other reasonable answers.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Xylene is a derivative of benzene. One isomer is 1,4-dimethylbenzene.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/1.PNG" alt></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Xylene, like benzene, can be nitrated.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bromine reacts with alkanes.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the number of <sup>1</sup>H NMR signals for this isomer of xylene and the ratio in which they appear.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of one other isomer of xylene which retains the benzene ring.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write the equation for the production of the active nitrating agent from concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain the mechanism for the nitration of benzene, using curly arrows to indicate the movement of electron pairs.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the initiation step of the reaction and its conditions.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">1,4-dimethylbenzene reacts as a substituted alkane. Draw the structures of the two products of the overall reaction when one molecule of bromine reacts with one molecule of 1,4-dimethylbenzene.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The organic product is not optically active. Discuss whether or not the organic product is a racemic mixture.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Number of signals</em>: 2 <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">✔</span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Ratio</em>:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">3 : 2 </span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">OR </span></span></em></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">6 : 4 <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">✔</span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong> </span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Accept any correct integer or fractional ratio. Accept ratios in reverse order.</span></span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/1a_m.PNG" alt width="527" height="223"> <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">✔</span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + HNO<sub>3</sub> ⇌ NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> + 2HSO<sub>4</sub></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><sup>−</sup> + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+ </sup></span><strong>[</strong>✔<strong>]</strong></p>
<p><em><strong>Note</strong>: <span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept a single arrow instead of an equilibrium sign.<br>Accept “H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + HNO<sub>3</sub> ⇌ NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> + HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O”.<br>Accept “H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + HNO<sub>3</sub> ⇌ H<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> + HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>”.<br>Accept equivalent two step reactions in which sulfuric acid first behaves as a strong acid and protonates the nitric acid, before behaving as a dehydrating agent removing water from it.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/1cii.PNG" alt width="469" height="285"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">curly arrow going from benzene ring to N «of <sup>+</sup>NO<sub>2</sub>/NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>» <strong>[</strong>✔<strong>]</strong><br>carbocation with correct formula and positive charge on ring <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong>✔<strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong><br>curly arrow going from C–H bond to benzene ring of cation <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong>✔<strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong><br>formation of organic product nitrobenzene <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>H<sup>+ </sup><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong>✔<strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Note: </strong>Accept mechanism with corresponding Kekulé structures.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept a circle in M2 or M3.<br>Accept first arrow starting either inside the circle or on the circle.<br>If Kekulé structure used, first arrow must start on the double bond.<br>M2 may be awarded from correct diagram for M3.<br>M4: Accept “C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>” if HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> used in M3.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Br<sub>2</sub> 2Br• <strong>[</strong>✔<strong>]</strong><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«sun»light/UV/<em>hv</em><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>high temperature <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong>✔<strong>]</strong></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not penalize missing radical symbol on Br.<br>Accept “homolytic fission of bromine” for M1.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/1dii_m.PNG" alt width="302" height="111"><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">✔</span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">]</strong></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">HBr <strong>[</strong>✔<strong>]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept condensed formulae, such as CH<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>there is no chiral carbon</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>there is no carbon with four different substituents/groups <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept “no <strong>AND</strong> no asymmetric carbon<br>atom”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many identified two correct peaks but quite a few less the correct ratio.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Generally well done, although some candidates repeated the formula of the 1,4-isomer structure or drew the wrong bond, <em>e.g.</em> benzene ring to H rather than C on CH<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The production of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> was a common answer.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Performance was fairly good by schools covering the topic while others had no idea. There were many careless steps, such as omission or misplacement of + sign.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very well done, with a few making reference to a catalyst.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Some candidates lost one mark for the bond originated from H in CH<sub>3</sub> instead of C. Some teachers thought the use of the word “substituted alkane” made the question more difficult than it should have been.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>One of the most poorly answered questions on the exam with only 10 % of candidates earning this mark. Some candidates just answered ‘yes’ or ‘no’ on whether the organic product is a racemic mix and very few mentioned the absence of a chiral carbon. One teacher though the use of benzene in this question made it unnecessarily tough, stating “the optical activity of benzene has not been covered due to the limited chemistry of benzene included in the specification. An aliphatic compound here would test the understanding of enantiomers without the confusion of adding benzene”. Candidates should recognize that carbon in benzene cannot be the centre of optical activity and look for chiral carbons in the substitution chains.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is obtained by the hydration of ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Alternative synthetic routes exist to produce alcohols.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is obtained by the hydration of ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the class of compound to which ethene belongs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the molecular formula of the next member of the homologous series to which ethene belongs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify why ethene has only a single signal in its <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the chemical shift of this signal. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> possible products of the incomplete combustion of ethene that would not be formed by complete combustion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A white solid was formed when ethene was subjected to high pressure.</p>
<p>Deduce the type of reaction that occurred.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the mechanism for the reaction of propene with hydrogen bromide using curly arrows.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the major organic product is 2-bromopropane and not 1-bromopropane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the major organic product is 2-bromopropane and not 1-bromopropane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>2-bromopropane can be converted directly to propan-2-ol. Identify the reagent required.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Propan-2-ol can also be formed in one step from a compound containing a carbonyl group.</p>
<p>State the name of this compound and the type of reaction that occurs.</p>
<p><img 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" width="641" height="152"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>alkene ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept structural formula.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen atoms/protons in same chemical environment ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “all H atoms/protons are equivalent”.</em><br><em>Accept “symmetrical”</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>4.5<strong> to</strong> 6.0 «ppm» ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept a single value within this range.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>carbon monoxide/CO <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>carbon/C/soot ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«addition» polymerization ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from C=C to H of HBr <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>curly arrow showing Br leaving ✔</p>
<p>representation of carbocation ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on Br<sup>−</sup> to C<sup>+</sup> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for mechanism producing 1-brompropane.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«2-bromopropane involves» formation of more stable «secondary» carbocation/carbonium ion/intermediate<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>1-bromopropane involves formation of less stable «primary» carbocation/carbonium ion/intermediate ✔</p>
<p>«increased» positive inductive/electron-releasing effect of extra–R group/–CH<sub>3</sub>/methyl «increases stability of secondary carbocation» ✔</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for “more stable due to positive inductive effect”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not award marks for quoting Markovnikov’s rule without any explanation. </em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«2-bromopropane involves» formation of more stable «secondary» carbocation/carbonium ion/intermediate<br><strong>OR</strong><br>1-bromopropane involves formation of less stable «primary» carbocation/carbonium ion/intermediate ✔</p>
<p>«increased» positive inductive/electron-releasing effect of extra–R group/–CH<sub>3</sub>/methyl «increases stability of secondary carbocation» ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for “more stable due to positive inductive effect”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> award marks for quoting Markovnikov’s rule without any explanation.<br></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>sodium hydroxide/NaOH/potassium hydroxide/KOH ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept «aqueous» hydroxide ions/OH<sup>−</sup></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Name of carbonyl compound:</em><br>propanone ✔</p>
<p><em>Type of reaction:</em><br>reduction ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept other valid alternatives, such as “2-propyl ethanoate” for M1 and “hydrolysis” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, reacts with oxygen in welding torches.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne reacts with steam.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two possible products are:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/4c.PNG" alt width="316" height="190"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Product <strong>B</strong>, CH<sub>3</sub>CHO, can also be synthesized from ethanol.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Compare, giving a reason, the length of the bond between the carbon atoms in ethyne with that in ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the type of interaction that must be overcome when liquid ethyne vaporizes.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the name of product <strong>B</strong>, applying IUPAC rules.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ, to produce <strong>A</strong> using section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The enthalpy change for the reaction to produce B is −213 kJ.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving a reason, which product is the most stable.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The IR spectrum and low resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of the actual product formed are shown.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/1civ.PNG" alt width="606" height="608"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Deduce whether the product is </span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">A</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;"> or </span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">B</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">, using evidence from these spectra together with sections 26 and 27 of the data booklet.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identity of product:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from IR:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from <sup>1</sup>H NMR:</span></span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the splitting pattern you would expect for the signals in a high resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2.3 ppm:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">9.8 ppm:</span></span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Reagents: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Conditions:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the average oxidation state of carbon in product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why product <strong>B</strong> is water soluble.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2.5O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + 5O<sub>2</sub> (g) <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">→</span> 4CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/1bi.PNG" alt width="291" height="27"> <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔</span>]</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>Note: </strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept any valid combination of lines, dots and crosses.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«ethyne» shorter <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>a greater number of shared/bonding electrons</span></p>
<p><em><strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">OR</span></strong></em></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«ethyne» shorter <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>stronger bond <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">London/dispersion/instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ethanal <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«sum of bond enthalpies of reactants =» 2(C<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">—</span>H)+C ≡ C + 2(O<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">—</span>H)<br></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>» + 839 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>» + 2 × 463 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>»<br></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2593 «kJ» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«sum of bond enthalpies of A =» 3(C<span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">—</span>H) + C=C + C—O + O—H<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>3 × 414 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>» + 614 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>» + 358 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>» + 463 «kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2677 «kJ» <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong><br>«enthalpy of reaction = 2593 kJ – 2677 kJ» = –84 «kJ» <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Note: </strong>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>it has a more negative/lower enthalpy/«potential» energy</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>more exothermic «enthalpy of reaction from same starting point» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Identity of product:</em> «<strong>B</strong>»</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>IR spectrum:</em><br>1700–1750 «cm<sup>–1</sup> band» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>carbonyl/CO group present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no «band at» 1620–1680 «cm<sup>–1</sup>» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>absence of double bond/C=C<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no «broad band at» 3200–3600 «cm<sup>–1</sup> » <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>absence of hydroxyl/OH group <strong>[✔]</strong><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum:</em><br>«only» two signals <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>A would have three<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signal at» 9.4–10.0 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«H atom/proton of» aldehyde/–CHO present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signal at» 2.2–2.7 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«H atom/proton of alkyl/CH next to» aldehyde/CHO present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«signal at» 2.2–2.7 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«H atom/proton of» RCOCH<sub>2-</sub> present<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no «signal at» 4.5–6.0 «ppm» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>absence of «H atom/proton next to» double bond/C=C ✔</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Accept a specific value or range of wavenumbers and chemical shifts.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “two signals with areas 1:3”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2.3 ppm: doublet <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">9.8 ppm: quartet <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Reagents</em>:<br>acidified/H<sup>+</sup> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«potassium» dichromate«(VI)»/K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup> <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Conditions</em>:<br>distil «the product before further oxidation» <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Accept “«acidified potassium» manganate(VII)/KMnO<sub>4</sub>/MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/permanganate”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>” or “H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>” for “H<sup>+</sup>”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “more dilute dichromate(VI)/manganate(VII)” or “excess ethanol”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Award M1 if correct reagents given under “Conditions”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">–1 <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any three of:</em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">has an oxygen/O atom with a lone pair <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">that can form hydrogen bonds/H-bonds «with water molecules» <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">hydrocarbon chain is short «so does not disrupt many H-bonds with water molecules» <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«large permanent» dipole-dipole interactions with water <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>All candidates were able to write the correct reactants/products for combustion of ethyne, but a few failed to balance correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most drew correct Lewis structures for ethyne, though some drew ethene.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Surprisingly very few explained the difference in bond length/strength looking at electrons shared and just gave the shorter/triple or longer/single bond answer.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Good to see that most candidates identified the specific IMF correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates gave the correct IUPAC name.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Candidates were able to calculate the Δ<em>H</em> of the given reaction correctly; a few inverted the calculations or made mathematical errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Generally well done, most common error was stating that the enthalpy change was “larger” without the indication that it was an exothermic change or the sign.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Interpretation of spectra was very good and the few candidates that lost marks with <sup>1</sup>H NMR data rather than IR, for example simply mentioning two signals for B. However, most candidates that attempted this question got full marks.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The stronger candidates were able to predict the splitting pattern correctly, others inverted the answer, but many others repeated the information for protons with the given chemical shift, which is unexpected since wording was straightforward.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Candidates seemed to be confused by the prompts, reagent and conditions, so often included the acid among conditions. Careless errors were common such as the wrong charge on the dichromate ion. Few candidates suggest permanganate as an option.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates were able to calculate oxidation state of carbon in B.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Candidates did not understand that they must mention the IMF responsible for the solubility. Most candidates explained the polarity of the aldehyde and water but did not mention that this results in permanent dipole-dipole interactions; many did mention H-bonding. The mention of the lone pair on O atom and short hydrocarbon chain were very rare.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol and methanoic acid are important industrial products.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is used as a fuel.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the change in enthalpy, Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ, when 56.00 g of ethanol is burned. Use section 13 in the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Oxidation of ethanol with potassium dichromate, K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, can form two different organic products. Determine the names of the organic products and the methods used to isolate them.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation and name the organic product when ethanol reacts with methanoic acid.</p>
<p><img 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" width="667" height="189"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the titration curve of methanoic acid with sodium hydroxide, showing how you would determine methanoic acid p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify an indicator that could be used for the titration in 5(d)(i), using section 22 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the concentration of methanoic acid in a solution of pH = 4.12. Use section 21 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify if aqueous solutions of the following salts are acidic, basic, or neutral.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l) + 3O<sub>2 </sub>(g) → 2CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O (g) ✓</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<em>n</em> = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mfrac><mrow><mn>56</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>46</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>08</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac></math> =» 1.215 «mol» ✓</p>
<p>«1.215mol × (−1367 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) =» −1661 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for “«+»1661 «kJ»”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethanal <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>distillation ✓</p>
<p>ethanoic acid <em><strong>AND</strong></em> reflux «followed by distillation» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for both products <strong>OR</strong> both methods.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Equation:</em><br>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH + HCOOH <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> HCOOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O ✓</p>
<p><em>Product name:</em><br>ethyl methanoate ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept equation without equilibrium arrows.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept equation with molecular formulas (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O + CH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O) only if product name is correct.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="328" height="256"></p>
<p>increasing S-shape pH curve ✓</p>
<p>p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub>: pH at half neutralization/equivalence ✓</p>
<p><em><br>M1: Titration curve must show buffer region at pH <7 and equivalence at pH >7.</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore other parts of the curve, i.e., before buffer region, etc.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curve starting from where two axes meet as pH scale is not specified.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>phenolphthalein<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>phenol red ✓</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>Alternative 1:</strong></em><br><em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mfrac><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></mfenced><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msup><mi>HCOO</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></mfenced></mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi>HCOOH</mi></mfenced></mfrac></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>[HCOOH] = <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><msup><mfenced><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msup><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>75</mn></mrow></msup></mfrac></math>✓</p>
<p>«[HCOOH] =» 3.24 × 10<sup>−5</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>Alternative 2:</strong></em><br>«pH = p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> + log <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mfrac><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msup><mi>HCOO</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></mfenced><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi>HCOOH</mi></mfenced></mfrac></math>»<br>4.12 = 3.75 + log<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mfrac><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi>HCOOH</mi></mfenced></mfrac></math> ✓</p>
<p>«[HCOOH] =» 3.24 × 10<sup>−5</sup> «mol dm<sup>−3</sup>» ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Sodium methanoate:</em> basic</p>
<p><em>Ammonium chloride:</em> acidic</p>
<p><em>Sodium nitrate:</em> neutral ✓ ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for three correct.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for two correct.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss the physical evidence for the structure of benzene.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the typical reactions that benzene and cyclohexene undergo with bromine.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_16.35.41.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/07.b"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the reagents used to convert benzene to nitrobenzene and the formula of the electrophile formed.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the mechanism for the nitration of benzene, using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the reagents used in the two-stage conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:<br></em>planar «X-ray»</p>
<p>C to C bond lengths all equal<br><strong><em>OR<br></em></strong>C to C bonds intermediate in length between C–C and C=C</p>
<p>all C–C–C bond angles equal</p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>benzene: </em>«electrophilic» substitution/S<sub>E<br></sub><strong><em>AND<br></em></strong><em>cyclohexene: </em>«electrophilic» addition/A<sub>E</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept correct equations.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«concentrated» nitric <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>sulfuric acids</p>
<p><sup>+</sup>NO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from benzene ring to N of <sup>+</sup>NO2/NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup></p>
<p>carbocation with correct formula and positive charge on ring</p>
<p>curly arrow going from C–H bond to benzene ring of cation</p>
<p>formation of organic product <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>H<sup>+</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept mechanism with corresponding Kekulé structures.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept a circle in M2 or M3.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept first arrow starting either inside the circle or on the circle.</em></p>
<p><em>M2 may be awarded from correct diagram for M3.</em></p>
<p><em>M4: Accept C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> if HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> used in M3.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Fe/Zn/Sn <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>HCl/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/CH<sub>3</sub>COOH</p>
<p>NaOH/KOH</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept other suitable metals and acids.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other suitable bases.</em></p>
<p><em>Award [1 max] for single-step reducing </em><em>agents (such as H<sub>2</sub>/Pt, Na<sub>2</sub>S etc.).</em></p>
<p><em>Accept formulas or names.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> </span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> <br>Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the mechanism of the reaction between chloroethane and aqueous sodium hydroxide, <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>NaOH</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math>, using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion.<br>Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and chemical shifts with splitting patterns in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR</span><span class="fontstyle0"> spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s produce chlorine radicals. Write two successive propagation steps to show how chlorine radicals catalyse the depletion of ozone.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>6</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mn>5</mn></msup></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept condensed electron configuration.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Cl</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>more «electron–electron» repulsion ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>l</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">-</mo></msup></math> <strong>AND</strong> has an extra electron.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math> has a greater nuclear charge/number of protons/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub></math> «causing a stronger pull on the outer electrons» ✔</p>
<p>same number of shells<br><strong><em>OR</em></strong><br>same «outer» energy level<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>similar shielding ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«two major» isotopes «of atomic mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«diatomic» molecule composed of «two» chlorine-37 atoms ✔</p>
<p>chlorine-37 is the least abundant «isotope»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>low probability of two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Cl</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mmultiscripts><mrow></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>37</mn></mmultiscripts></mmultiscripts></math> «isotopes» occurring in a molecule ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>86</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>94</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi>HCl</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> is the limiting reactant ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept other valid methods of determining the limiting reactant in M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math></p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>400</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>–</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>123</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>277</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0307</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>22</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>697</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept methods employing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>oxidizing agent <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oxidation state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Mn</mi></math> changes from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math>/decreases ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>partially dissociates/ionizes «in water» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>ClO</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mo>[</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«free radical» substitution/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Do not accept electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>chloroethane <em><strong>AND</strong></em> C–Cl bond is weaker/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>324</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> than C–H bond/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>414</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>chloroethane <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>contains a polar bond ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “chloroethane <strong>AND</strong> polar”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="529" height="155"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math> in <sup>−</sup>OH to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></math> ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow showing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math> leaving ✔</p>
<p>representation of transition state showing negative charge, square brackets and partial bonds ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">-</mo></msup></math> with or without the lone pair.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept curly arrows originating on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>H</mi></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></math>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept curly arrows in the transition state.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>H</mi><mi>O</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math> are not at 180°.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award M3 if <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi></math> bond is represented.</em> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"> / <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>OCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo mathvariant="italic">(</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">3</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><msub><mo mathvariant="italic">)</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>2 «signals» ✔</p>
<p>0.9−1.0 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triplet ✔</p>
<p>3.3−3.7<em><strong> AND</strong></em> quartet ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept any values in the ranges.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for two correct chemical shifts or two correct splitting patterns.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>45</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>91</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>×</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo><mn>58</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>64</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><mo>%</mo><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>research «collaboration» for alternative technologies «to replace <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>technologies «developed»/data could be shared<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>political pressure/Montreal Protocol/governments passing legislations ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “collaboration”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept any reference to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math> as greenhouse gas or product of fossil fuel combustion.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept reference to specific measures, such as agreement on banning use/manufacture of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi></math>s.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>Cl</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>ClO</mi><mo>·</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>ClO</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>Cl</mi><mo>·</mo></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>ClO</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>→</mo><mi>Cl</mi><mo>·</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Penalize missing/incorrect radical dot (∙) once only.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Well answered question with 90% of candidates correctly identifying the complete electron configuration for chlorine.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates could correctly explain the relative sizes of chlorine atom and chloride ion.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Fairly well answered though some candidates missed M2 for not recognizing the same number of shells affected.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than 80% could identify that the two peaks in the MS of chlorine are due to different isotopes.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Not well answered. Some candidates were able to identify m/z 74 being due to the m/z of two Cl-37 atoms, however fewer candidates were able to explain the relative abundance of the isotope.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Stoichiometric calculations were generally well done and over 90% could calculate mol from a given mass.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>90% of candidates earned full marks on this 2-mark question involving finding a limiting reactant.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Surprisingly, quite a number of candidates struggled with the quantity of excess reactant despite correctly identifying limiting reactant previously.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates could find the volume of gas produced in a reaction under standard conditions.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than 90% could identify the oxidation number of manganese in both MnO<sub>2</sub> and MnCl<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates stated that MnO<sub>2</sub> is an oxidizing agent in the reaction but many did not get the mark because there was no reference to oxidation states.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another well answered 1-mark question where candidates correctly identified a weak acid as an acid which partially dissociates in water. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Roughly ⅓ of the candidates failed to identify the conjugate base, perhaps distracted by the fact it was not contained in the equation given.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Vast majority of candidates could calculate the concentration of H<sup>+</sup> (aq) in a HClO (aq) solution with a pH =3.61.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many identified the reaction of chlorine with ethane as free-radical substitution, or just substitution, with some erroneously stating nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The underlying reasons for the relative reactivity of ethane and chloroethane were not very well known with a few giving erroneous reasons and some stating ethane more reactive.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Few earned full marks for the curly arrow mechanism of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and chloroethane. Mistakes being careless curly arrow drawing, inappropriate –OH notation, curly arrows from the hydrogen or from the carbon to the C–Cl bond, or a method that missed the transition state.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Approximately 60% could draw ethoxyethane however many demonstrated little knowledge of structure of an ether molecule.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A poorly answered question with some getting full marks on this 1HNMR spectrum of ethoxyethane question. Very few could identify all 3 of number of signals, chemical shift, and splitting pattern.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another good example of candidates being well rehearsed in calculations with 90% earning 2/2 on this question of calculation percentage by mass composition. </p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Somewhat disappointing answers on this question about how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of CFC emissions. Many gave vague answers and some referred to carbon emissions and global warming.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Few could construct the propagation equations showing how CFCs affect ozone, and many lost marks by failing to identify ClO· as a radical.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Organic chemistry can be used to synthesize a variety of products.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Combustion analysis of an unknown organic compound indicated that it contained only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Several compounds can be synthesized from but-2-ene. Draw the structure of the final product for each of the following chemical reactions.</p>
<p><img 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" width="651" height="241"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the change in enthalpy, Δ<em>H</em>, for the combustion of but-2-ene, using section 11 of the data booklet. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;">CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CHCH<sub>3 </sub>(g) + 6O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 4CO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the hybridization of the carbon I and II atoms in but-2-ene.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAALYAAAAsCAYAAADIDUIhAAAEZklEQVR4Ae2bvWvjMBjG9W9ozpqt/4CnLJ27eujSobsh2+2CTLcabjwo3kvA3HLLgYbbgqHDcYQsHUrwUEowz+GvxHFSxcrJlhO/hVJbcuRHj376epUy0A85cIUOsCusE1WJHACBTRBcpQME9lU2K1WKwCYGrtIBAvsqm5UqRWATA1fpgALsvwjcEUZCYlOv+kZCjNjxvPqz2f0aUfgdwh2DMZb/chcikFglRz9gITFBHP3Ak3DBS41sDFcEkKuPnZ5VAJc5EDLepRVXGykw+iTv4OFzE+II4ZOAywsfGQN3BQK5wtbKS9AIk3wdmtkB2G+Q4hYsBXkeIcdhjWg+g8s5HPGrSDsU111KgljO4GQgPyOKU0RS0J/zzujMILM0ADahiX9BOBzcnWEerXN74gjzrDPeQsi3PO0SNF422CUwFdO3tH5gGTyCszv40fs21cpFBszoaCdLlgHuOcfEX+QjoiY02xlqOwvsRtqmebknxQBR7WSlWckfBPdjsImPKO2TmhrLYv7/r4bGywb7FaF3szO87lz8AlmOPPW8zu4TrMOpooOtEcmX3axiC5p1CK/awfb8SWeX38VMYxFsHY0XDbb2WnyvtTq6iSGFAzYSkAebiSMSLIGttX6/BI22wVZNl0c3llUWzgBb9T7TebnUc8BWLSeObyyrtpxzrQ92c40mfE3rpKWxAFv17pN8KYw0s3lMlginkyLiMYEXLPKpO1nAn3CN6IlCaWtZ74j8u96P2EnkY9I04mJpxNbSqDNif8aXggkDYBdr1GJTk2+2yg3hiTX2RmL2UAtVKcS2k3VqjR1DzrxdaFITGtWI1DQvq7dy/ZqOll/xUIYmNTUa81VHY2OwVXx9rtwA2NXCE8SLb3BHjwiWaexXFRUpgbqBF75WC+n+WhEVQdZYDNwLkQXYbEEDRcQBxQDCpwjXST+jInWNjcGu4lDnq5q3f20Q7GKtyjic6bxy8HIijr337L647u7KDpgeyByLY39BWB7SWAMbgDKOPcE0XJ4VkjTqc1ON2mB/xtdx9QbBLl6QxVRvdnHfLDk9efThObznJ48hfK/cK6Sbr56ePPoenEpcvJcnj6c0aoOt4usQbgXYhw83S9lgFTyAuQFWzT5AT5EDGg4048sA2HlUgd8HWGYn0ekpWH3E1tBNj5IDew6cx5cBsNO13wLBdgofw539rKyx91TSDTmg78AZfJkBW18qfYIcaNUBArtVe6lwWw4Q2Lacp/e26gCB3aq9VLgtBwhsW87Te1t1gMBu1V4q3JYDBLYt5+m9rTrQIdj5P282/kJ/q9WuF17XVpxuNf2aaL04urfuAIGdNQGBbZ1EwwIIbALbMFL9KI7AJrD7QaJhFQQ2gW0YqX4UR2AT2P0g0bAKApvANoxUP4ojsAnsfpBoWAWBTWAbRqofxRHYBHY/SDSsgsAmsA0j1Y/iOgS7HxUmFcNwgMAeRjsPrpYE9uCafBgVJrCH0c6DqyWBPbgmH0aF/wFzCvnzoj+svwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw diagrams to show how sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are formed between atoms.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="693" height="286"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the mechanism for the reaction of 2-methylbut-2-ene with hydrogen bromide using curly arrows.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="225" height="109"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the major organic product is 2-bromo-2-methylbutane and not 2-bromo-3-methylbutane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce two features of this molecule that can be obtained from the mass spectrum. Use section 28 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="660" height="270"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce <br>on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.<br><br></p>
<p><img 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" width="764" height="248"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the bond responsible for the absorption at <strong>A</strong> in the infrared spectrum. Use section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="692" height="321"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce <br>on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the identity of the unknown compound using the previous information, the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum and section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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" width="387" height="329"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;">SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).<br><br></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAsgAAADqCAYAAAC/ULNiAAAcJUlEQVR4Ae3dwWsbWZ4H8PlPbNDJBkNCLjnNqQ9JDqHpa192cQyZQ5a+9cEhc5nTDsh0WGhYmHGYZi67NDILy8LQgxlYht40gl1oFmOWgSEEMQxLY8zSBCN+S0lVUqlcbqsTvUhP/jSEyFLp1a8+v6f0V6VX8k/CfwQIECBAgAABAgQITAR+MrnlBgECBAgQIECAAAECISCbBAQIECBAgAABAgRqAgJyDcNNAgQIECBAgAABAgKyOUCAAAECBAgQIECgJtAakDsbm+EPA3PAHDAHzAFzwBwwB8yBmzAHatl4dPPKgNzc0M8ECBAgQIAAAQIE1k2geAPQ/E9Abor4mQABAgQIECBA4MYICMg3ptUOlAABAgQIECBAYB4BAXkeJdsQIECAAAECBAjcGAEB+ca02oESIECAAAECBAjMIyAgz6NkGwIECBAgQIAAgRsjICDfmFY7UAIECBAgQIAAgXkEBOR5lGxDgAABAgQIECBwYwQE5BvTagdKgAABAgQIECAwj4CAPI+SbQgQIECAAAECBG6MgIB8Y1rtQAkQIECAAAECBOYREJDnUbINAQIECBAgQIDAjREQkG9Mqx0oAQIECBAgQIDAPAIC8jxKtiFAgAABAgQIELgxAgLyjWm1AyVAgAABAgQIEJhHQECeR8k2BAgQIECAAAECN0ZAQL4xrXagWQicv4yDe5/E0eAii3IVSYAAAQIE1lFAQF7HrjqmDAWGcX76uzjYvRudjScCcoYdVDIBAgQIrI/AGgXkV3G0ezs6t7rRn/vk21mcHD6OnY3N6Gz8NJ4e/3V1OjscRP9f+zEYFiVdxKD35P0Hp0Ev9jZux17v1Vu6LKnumWrnqOH823gxCqab0dl6FsdnI/SZUdL/UATkf4/j//4qDm7VAvKoB/fjoH9+qYSLfjfubLQ/Vmw8fnw7HnRfxqVnN8Ydb1u8Dj6OF6ffX9rX8PQwPhy9TqrazqPfvR/FPyCX/2zHg/3fRn/w5tI47iBAgAABAjkI3OyAPAoJ2/Hh4UksIxJdPUHK8PGjwv7Vo731IzciIFcBuj0YvrXd2z7xor/ggFwE2I/ioP/dbEVXBuS218P3cXr4cRmEGwH50hwtgn4vnt7bjp3HvXi9Wi+sWQM/ESBAgACBKwQE5Hc6Q3qF6jvfLSC/M+FkgCoAV8Fu8kB547rHm9sn/jlJQN6Mzr3n0T+vpdXWgHw7Htz7aXQeHsZpbdMYnsSLh3fHj02Wf/zQHF0x08QtMzwBAgQIrJ/AGgfk8ZKLnd1fxq/3H5Znv4qPfntxej4sP36ufTxcngkbDl7GF5PtN2NntxtH/UF5hrkc828exd9uFc8tzrb9W3y5eztm93M39j47jv7Xn8feaLsioDyLo9Ozcga9iUG/V643rWp4GE9/8zIGw+ZH18VH6N9dWmIxV51XHHv7NK6vgS1qehhPu5/Gg/obiGLZR687PaZim1HN1YhncfrV8+nj9z6Ng5FlFU7LZTC7vRhUT4nmfc067sZe93ejno2e8s41THYcEU3rzbjT/af456KfMz0+iWGx39/sx4NqScHWozjoVUtgImIUOIta/2F09nS07GDrUTz/uh//8dmjchnPdP7Vq5i5vfCA/EE87T6LBxuNpRatAfl+/PLLw/jZ1uzZ9NHyiq1P48WvHteW+fyYgFz2+NLZ5pkj9wMBAgQIEFgZgbUPyKOg1zuJ8xjGef/5KChMllSMQkJtje3oGwS2Y2f38/imWD85HMQ3o3BTfURd/o++/Mh6OPg2/nPwP+O1z0VYHO2ntq753i/iuBinHLc6Mzdez3k39g6/Ha8NneynWgfdDB+NM3Jz11nV1HLszSk4GvP25A3EcPDHeD5al1v5fBf97kfR2XocL06KoD+M85MvYm+rCl7VPqp9vonBy+oNwvwBefi6Fz/b2iw/nq/2sRk7+8dxFouooXngDdsqsM/0+C/lsT+K5y+LN0vVsVXHXgXk2huhybrm7Xjw7KsYDCuftiUMtZoWHpCLN1ivxvXXl1pcEZAP+n+K4/0PasuOxssrdvZ/Fycz6+Cbc7Q6BkssKgl/EyBAgEC+AusfkOsfF48+Kt6OTnUGcyYgD+Ps+FnsNC9SKp8zDmhlQK6PWQWq2n3jAFwFy2JyXBUmphNn9jnN7esh7s3b1dk89umuR2H38rFXHuVxnB3H061muCvXpo4ubPtLHO83P57/6/i+ycfyzbPFRRH1+6q1rrNnMCelLqSGyWjljbptcXVnS4+v3e+wPINc96mOpXpzMLpqLg5uFWep+zH3daSjOVp9ytD293UX6ZWPV2/SqqUWVwbks/H8qubz6HkfxNPjQeNTjHKOVmfUZ/5unPVvkvuZAAECBAisuMD6B+QqDI8aUQ9j1Vm/Ksg2Q2nVuTLkjQJD4/ltYxb3NcJHa0AuPrL/l14c9XpxdFh9dH9VLfUQV5xFvd/ybR1vUWd1iFcF+NobiHGAbwtoxX1P4ujV1y3hr153LXxe2ZMqdNVC5aTGiMXUUBtwdPP6Gtu/LaJ6A1GG+ZrVeA/luPVlBaOzw28TkNtDcHtd0+ObfXx6Bnv0rRaNOTqz7egNQXFc/zcOy6NQ/aY9INeObzj4Kn5eXJxXfQIzLcUtAgQIECCQlYCAPFlje1VArp9RXExAroJE595+vCgCcu8PcdL/VXx4ZS31EHdVQH6LOidT9Ypjr4W+cTitloBMnji90Rr+6nUvKiC/aw3Tkse3rq9xJjxOnl49L5eAXBReLlEpllr0/jH2al8RN3uMxZutYpnFH+L3k+UW1fFWb17a58zsEpkJlhsECBAgQCArAQF5EkobZwSrNrYtsbjyDGj5pMbZudkzyPVlCdVXBVT7nucM8o9YYnFdndUxRrX/2aUNM8s+RmcVq7XAkyfWbtTPYFd3N5cZtLzBKIP1eNlLtf1sHdVosZAaJqOVN5rBr6XGuZdYVP0rhi7HrZ1hjdY3Ec16Gj9fmkvTx2dD7fT+6lbr49VSi9GSiOmZ6dlty/nwwf14MLlgr+nUHpAj3sTr3iexs3E3ftb784p9fWIl428CBAgQIPDDAgLyJCAXS4WLX/Nb+4h4cvFc4yK964LnpVBTDxNVGH0YPz9+HcPiYrfye2M7k1rKMDL5pRWNcLKoOutzYzLmF3FyPowrL9LbqOourmEsL+QbLT+pPsKvLj6sLmQrl2CMfnVyGaKrC/0mvpuTdeHNM5CTs+2jfVRnQN+lhvpBF7cbttUa5Jkel/stvpXiBy/SyyAgTy5WLfpyVUCOqN6MVBeWXnaqz+mGaRXCtz6Jo9d+WUhDx48ECBAgkIGAgDwJpeNuzfP1aZOL/EZPaTnj+IMBubgmrvp2jHJNb7HU4svx16eNLwYsNhmv5xyH5j811n8Wj1//dXTX1tmYoLNjXvE1b/WvOtsoLsbq1X5jWvH1db+dfs3Zpa95a9Zd+1q0SSBtfs1b47eyNb9u7S1qmD3seQLyuGfXf81bDgG5OPrqjcYPBOSolllUv0Sn6fQDAbkWwse/LKR8jdTPps82wU8ECBAgQGClBNYoIK+Uq2IIECBAgAABAgQyFRCQM22csgkQIECAAAECBNIICMhpXI1KgAABAgQIECCQqYCAnGnjlE2AAAECBAgQIJBGQEBO42pUAgQIECBAgACBTAUE5Ewbp2wCBAgQIECAAIE0AgJyGlejEiBAgAABAgQIZCogIGfaOGUTIECAAAECBAikERCQ07galQABAgQIECBAIFMBATnTximbAAECBAgQIEAgjYCAnMbVqAQIECBAgAABApkKCMiZNk7ZBAgQIECAAAECaQQE5DSuRiVAgAABAgQIEMhUQEDOtHHKJkCAAAECBAgQSCMgIKdxNSoBAgQIECBAgECmAgJypo1TNgECBAgQIECAQBoBATmNq1EJECBAgAABAgQyFRCQM22csgkQIECAAAECBNIICMhpXI1KgAABAgQIECCQqYCAnGnjlE2AAAECBAgQIJBGQEBO42pUAgQIECBAgACBTAUE5Ewbp2wCBAgQIECAAIE0AgJyGlejEiBAgAABAgQIZCogIGfaOGUTIECAAAECBAikERCQ07galQABAgQIECBAIFMBATnTximbAAECBAgQIEAgjYCAnMbVqAQIECBAgAABApkKrGlAvohB70l0Nu7HQf+8vTWDXuxtbMadbj8uWrd4FUe7t6Nzqxv91g0WsY9FjLGAOmMBY7wPz5WoMyLex7Feu48VmTu51Gnu1P6Vu+71bo7XsOZ4va/Ia9Ecr7XNHJ9iLGJ+LmKMOXoyLXolbq1pQF4JW0UQIECAAAECBAhkKCAgZ9g0JRMgQIAAAQIECKQTEJDT2RqZAAECBAgQIEAgQwEBOcOmKZkAAQIECBAgQCCdgICcztbIBAgQIECAAAECGQoIyBk2TckECBAgQIAAAQLpBATkdLZGJkCAAAECBAgQyFBAQM6waUomQIAAAQIECBBIJyAgp7M1MgECBAgQIECAQIYCAnKGTVMyAQIECBAgQIBAOgEBOZ2tkQkQIECAAAECBDIUEJAzbJqSCRAgQIAAAQIE0gkIyOlsjUyAAAECBAgQIJChgICcYdOUTIAAAQIECBAgkE5AQE5na2QCBAgQIECAAIEMBQTkDJumZAIECBAgQIAAgXQCAnI6WyMTIECAAAECBAhkKCAgZ9g0JRMgQIAAAQIECKQTEJDT2RqZAAECBAgQIEAgQwEBOcOmKZkAAQIECBAgQCCdgICcztbIBAgQIECAAAECGQoIyBk2TckECBAgQIAAAQLpBATkdLZGJkCAAAECBAgQyFBAQM6waUomQIAAAQIECBBIJyAgp7M1MgECBAgQIECAQIYCAnKGTVMyAQIECBAgQIBAOgEBOZ2tkQkQIECAAAECBDIUWNOAfBGD3pPobNyPg/55e1sGvdjb2Iw73X5ctG7xKo52b0fnVjf6rRssYh+LGGMBdcYCxngfnitRZ0S8j2O9dh8rMndyqdPcqf0rd93r3RyvYc3xel+R16I5XmubOT7FWMT8XMQYc/RkWvRK3FrTgLwStoogQIAAAQIECBDIUEBAzrBpSiZAgAABAgQIEEgnICCnszUyAQIECBAgQIBAhgICcoZNUzIBAgQIECBAgEA6AQE5na2RCRAgQIAAAQIEMhQQkDNsmpIJECBAgAABAgTSCQjI6WyNTIAAAQIECBAgkKGAgJxh05RMgAABAgQIECCQTkBATmdrZAIECBAgQIAAgQwFBOQMm6ZkAgQIECBAgACBdAICcjpbIxMgQIAAAQIECGQoICBn2DQlEyBAgAABAgQIpBMQkNPZGpkAAQIECBAgQCBDAQE5w6YpmQABAgQIECBAIJ2AgJzO1sgECBAgQIAAAQIZCgjIGTZNyQQIECBAgAABAukEBOR0tkYmQIAAAQIECBDIUEBAzrBpSiZAgAABAgQIEEgnICCnszUyAQIECBAgQIBAhgICcoZNUzIBAgQIECBAgEA6AQE5na2RCRAgQIAAAQIEMhQQkDNsmpIJECBAgAABAgTSCQjI6WyNTIAAAQIECBAgkKGAgJxh05RMgAABAgQIECCQTkBATmdrZAIECBAgQIAAgQwFBOQMm6ZkAgQIECBAgACBdAICcjpbIxMgQIAAAQIECGQoICBn2DQlEyBAgAABAgQIpBMQkNPZGpkAAQIECBAgQCBDAQE5w6YpmQABAgQIECBAIJ2AgJzO1sgECBAgQIAAAQIZCgjIGTZNyQQIECBAgAABAukEBOR0tkYmQIAAAQIECBDIUEBAzrBpSiZAgAABAgQIEEgnICCnszUyAQIECBAgQIBAhgICcoZNUzIBAgQIECBAgEA6AQE5na2RCRAgQIAAAQIEMhQQkDNsmpIJECBAgAABAgTSCQjI6WyNTIAAAQIECBAgkKGAgJxh05RMgAABAgQIECCQTkBATmdrZAIECBAgQIAAgQwFBOQMm6ZkAgQIECBAgACBdAICcjpbIxMgQIAAAQIECGQoICBn2DQlEyBAgAABAgQIpBMQkNPZGpkAAQIECBAgQCBDgfULyOencfxlN/a2NqM4uOLPzm43jvqDGGbYoHcv+SIGvSfR2XgSR4OLdx/OCAQIECBAgACBNRdYr4B8/jIO7m3Hzu7z+P3p2bh156fx++6j2Nn4KA763615O9sOT0BuU3EfAQIECBAgQOAqgTUKyN9Fv/tRdO49j/5541zx8M9x9PhudB4exmnjoatg1ud+AXl9eulICBAgQIAAgfchsD4B+ew4nm5tx4eHJy1LKYZxfvpfcVoLzsPBy/hi/+EVyzBexdHu7djZ/WX8erLN3dj77Dj6X38+Xb5x71kcVWeqB73Y27gbe3//i9rj+/FFfWnHcBD93+zHg3LpR2frURz0+jGoQvtojNux13s17f3MfW11bceD/V7t2M7i9KvntRo+jYPRMVRLLMZjdG51o2/FxdTZLQIECBAgQIBAKbA2Afmi3407G/fjoH9+fXMnSzE+j28GbyKGg/jms/oyjDJEbjyMp72TOI+zODl8HDtFsL33izgunlOOMTkrPQqym1GE3ucvi/XO1XM+jhen30dEeYZ78vibGLwswvZ2POi+jFHVM2G4PIyZ+5p1DeO8/zwebFRvDKqfq7qrfRRrsauAfD2PLQgQIECAAAECN1ngBgbkYZwdP4udjSq4lu0fnsSLh9uxs38cZ1EG0dqSjOHpYXy4UT+7ex797v2YnIkdBdla2C2GrY/Zeob7+zg9/Dg6W8/i+GwYMROGy7pm7rtcV7WPzm4vBvHXON7/aWMpSXmfgHyTX+eOnQABAgQIEPgRAmsTkMcBdp4zyI1gO8Gqh8syiI5CZ7nBKKjWx2+MMxNkq0Gn47xqPcPdCOttY8zcNx1vUO2iCvNFrRf9OLi1GXe6/ZiunrAGeULlBgECBAgQIEBgDoG1CcjReoZ2KnDR/zz+rtuL/uB/Z8/8Tjapn51tCaJJAnIVXsuz2TNhuCxs5r6WugTkSQfdIECAAAECBAgsQmB9AnK1xrftWyyqpQejpQwX8y+x+NFnkKu1wGVrRkssbo8vHGwN8NcvsRivra6WdlwTkKvjrC0NiSj3YYnFIl4vxiBAgAABAgRugMAaBeSYXDjX/j3ID+Pnx6/H33Ax70V6PzogFxfpPY4XJ2fTC/+2Pomj12/mu0hvFKKLX2zyRZycD2M4+GM8370bncna5+sCcnWR3t3YO/w2zsNFejfgNewQCRAgQIAAgQULrFdALnCK36R3WPsqtSt+k948X/M2vvCtFJ9ricV2PPj008lXrM0E9WKY677mrQi0/d/G03vb46+fK74G7lfFscx7BrnYSWOMe77mreygvwgQIECAAAECcwmsX0Ce67ATbDSzVjjB+IYkQIAAAQIECBB4LwIC8qKYBeRFSRqHAAECBAgQILBUAQF5UfwC8qIkjUOAAAECBAgQWKqAgLxUfjsnQIAAAQIECBBYNQEBedU6oh4CBAgQIECAAIGlCgjIS+W3cwIECBAgQIAAgVUTEJBXrSPqIUCAAAECBAgQWKqAgLxUfjsnQIAAAQIECBBYNQEBedU6oh4CBAgQIECAAIGlCgjIS+W3cwIECBAgQIAAgVUTEJBXrSPqIUCAAAECBAgQWKqAgLxUfjsnQIAAAQIECBBYNQEBedU6oh4CBAgQIECAAIGlCgjIS+W3cwIECBAgQIAAgVUTEJBXrSPqIUCAAAECBAgQWKqAgLxUfjsnQIAAAQIECBBYNQEBedU6oh4CBAgQIECAAIGlCgjIS+W3cwIECBAgQIAAgVUTEJBXrSPqIUCAAAECBAgQWKqAgLxUfjsnQIAAAQIECBBYNQEBedU6oh4CBAgQIECAAIGlCgjIS+W3cwIECBAgQIAAgVUTEJBXrSPqIUCAAAECBAgQWKqAgLxUfjsnQIAAAQIECBBYNQEBedU6oh4CBAgQIECAAIGlCgjIS+W3cwIECBAgQIAAgVUTEJBXrSPqIUCAAAECBAgQWKrAmgbkixj0nkRn434c9M/bgQe92NvYjDvdfly0bvEqjnZvR+dWN/qtGyxiH4sYYwF1xgLGeB+eK1FnRLyPY712Hysyd3Kp09yp/St33evdHK9hzfF6X5HXojlea5s5PsVYxPxcxBhz9GRa9ErcWtOAvBK2iiBAgAABAgQIEMhQQEDOsGlKJkCAAAECBAgQSCcgIKezNTIBAgQIECBAgECGAgJyhk1TMgECBAgQIECAQDoBATmdrZEJECBAgAABAgQyFBCQM2yakgkQIECAAAECBNIJCMjpbI1MgAABAgQIECCQoYCAnGHTlEyAAAECBAgQIJBOQEBOZ2tkAgQIECBAgACBDAUE5AybpmQCBAgQIECAAIF0AgJyOlsjEyBAgAABAgQIZCggIGfYNCUTIECAAAECBAikExCQ09kamQABAgQIECBAIEMBATnDpimZAAECBAgQIEAgnYCAnM7WyAQIECBAgAABAhkKCMgZNk3JBAgQIECAAAEC6QQE5HS2RiZAgAABAgQIEMhQQEDOsGlKJkCAAAECBAgQSCcgIKezNTIBAgQIECBAgECGAgJyhk1TMgECBAgQIECAQDoBATmdrZEJECBAgAABAgQyFBCQM2yakgkQIECAAAECBNIJCMjpbI1MgAABAgQIECCQoYCAnGHTlEyAAAECBAgQIJBOQEBOZ2tkAgQIECBAgACBDAUE5AybpmQCBAgQIECAAIF0AgJyOlsjEyBAgAABAgQIZCiwpgH5Iga9J9HZuB8H/fP2tgx6sbexGXe6/bho3eJVHO3ejs6tbvRbN1jEPhYxxgLqjAWM8T48V6LOiHgfx3rtPlZk7uRSp7lT+1fuute7OV7DmuP1viKvRXO81jZzfIqxiPm5iDHm6Mm06JW4taYBeSVsFUGAAAECBAgQIJChgICcYdOUTIAAAQIECBAgkE5AQE5na2QCBAgQIECAAIEMBQTkDJumZAIECBAgQIAAgXQCAnI6WyMTIECAAAECBAhkKCAgZ9g0JRMgQIAAAQIECKQTEJDT2RqZAAECBAgQIEAgQwEBOcOmKZkAAQIECBAgQCCdgICcztbIBAgQIECAAAECGQoIyBk2TckECBAgQIAAAQLpBATkdLZGJkCAAAECBAgQyFBAQM6waUomQIAAAQIECBBIJyAgp7M1MgECBAgQIECAQIYCAnKGTVMyAQIECBAgQIBAOgEBOZ2tkQkQIECAAAECBDIUEJAzbJqSCRAgQIAAAQIE0gkIyOlsjUyAAAECBAgQIJChgICcYdOUTIAAAQIECBAgkE5AQE5na2QCBAgQIECAAIEMBQTkDJumZAIECBAgQIAAgXQCAnI6WyMTIECAAAECBAhkKCAgZ9g0JRMgQIAAAQIECKQTEJDT2RqZAAECBAgQIEAgQwEBOcOmKZkAAQIECBAgQCCdgICcztbIBAgQIECAAAECGQoIyBk2TckECBAgQIAAAQLpBATkdLZGJkCAAAECBAgQyFDgRwXkYmN/GJgD5oA5YA6YA+aAOWAOrPscaOb6nzTv8DMBAgQIECBAgACBmywgIN/k7jt2AgQIECBAgACBSwIC8iUSdxAgQIAAAQIECNxkgf8Hlk0L9yi9GpsAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the stereoisomers of butan-2-ol using wedge-dash type representations.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how two enantiomers can be distinguished using a polarimeter.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="197" height="194"></p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens in displayed structural formulas once only.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept condensed structural formulas: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> / CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> or skeletal structures.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Bonds broken:</em><br>2(C–C) + 1(C=C) + 8(C–H) + 6O=O / 2(346) + 1(614) + 8(414) + 6(498) / 7606 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Bonds formed:</em><br>8(C=O) + 8(O–H) / 8(804) + 8(463) / 10 136 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Enthalpy change:</em><br>«Bonds broken – Bonds formed = 7606 kJ – 10 136 kJ =» –2530 «kJ» ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [2 max]</strong> for «+» 2530 «kJ».</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="480" height="81"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Sigma (σ):</em></p>
<p><em><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="513" height="49"></em></p>
<p><em>Accept any diagram showing end to end/direct overlap of atomic/hybridized orbitals and electron density concentrated between nuclei.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Pi (π):</em></p>
<p><em><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="102" height="58"></em></p>
<p><em>Accept any diagram showing sideways overlap of unhybridized p/atomic orbitals and electron density above and below plane of bond axis.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>Alternative 1</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong><img 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" width="512" height="97"></strong></em></p>
<p><em><br>Penalize incorrect bond e.g., -CH-H<sub>3</sub>C or –CH<sub>3</sub>C only once in the paper.</em></p>
<p><em><strong><br>Alternative 2</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="517" height="96"></strong></em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>curly arrow going from C=C to H of HBr <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>curly arrow showing Br leaving ✓</p>
<p>representation of carbocation ✓</p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on Br<sup>−</sup> to C<sup>+</sup> ✓</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«2-bromo-2-methylbutane involves» formation of more stable «tertiary» carbocation/intermediate<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«2-bromo-3-methylbutane involves» formation of less stable «secondary» carbocation/intermediate ✓</p>
<p>«intermediate» more stable due to «increased positive» inductive/electron-releasing effect of extra –R/alkyl group/–CH<sub>3</sub>/methyl ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> award marks for quoting Markovnikov’s rule without any explanation.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>m/z 58:</em><br>molar/«relative» molecular mass/weight/Mr «is 58 g mol<sup>−1</sup>/58» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>m/z 43:</em><br>«loses» methyl/CH<sub>3</sub> «fragment»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>COCH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> «fragment» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize missing charge on the fragments.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept molecular ion «peak»/ CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sup>+</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept any C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> fragment/ CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub><sup>+</sup>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C=O ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept carbonyl/C=C.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Information deduced from <sup>1</sup>H NMR:</em></p>
<p>«one signal indicates» one hydrogen environment/symmetrical structure<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«chemical shift of 2.2 indicates» H on C next to carbonyl ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Compound:</em></p>
<p>propanone/CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub> ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “one type of hydrogen”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="88" height="60">.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="383" height="115"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">h(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>enantiomers rotate «plane of» plane-polarized light ✓</p>
<p>equal degrees/angles/amounts <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>opposite directions/rotation ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “optical isomers” for “enantiomers”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">h(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">g(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">h(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">h(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is in equilibrium with compound </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle2"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="247" height="82"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries around the </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>oxygen</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">atom of molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">using VSEPR</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="734" height="185"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of hybridization shown by the central carbon atom in molecule </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the number of sigma (</span><span class="fontstyle2"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">σ</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">) and pi (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">π</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">) bonds around the central carbon atom in molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The IR spectrum of one of the compounds is shown:</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="687" height="247"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><span class="fontstyle0">COBLENTZ SOCIETY. Collection © 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</span></em></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, the compound producing this spectrum.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">are isomers. Draw two other structural isomers with the formula <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The equilibrium constant, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for the conversion of </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">in water at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, which compound, </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">or </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">, is present in greater concentration when equilibrium is reached.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mo>⦵</mo></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle5"><strong>in</strong> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="bold">kJ</mi><mo mathvariant="bold"> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="bold">mol</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="bold">–</mo><mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">, for the reaction (</span><strong><span class="fontstyle5">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle5">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">) at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Propanone can be synthesized in two steps from propene. Suggest the synthetic route including all the necessary reactants and steps.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Propanone can be synthesized in two steps from propene.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest why propanal is a minor product obtained from the synthetic route in (g)(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Electron domain geometry: </em>tetrahedral<em> ✔</em></p>
<p><em>Molecular geometry: </em>bent/V-shaped<em> ✔</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>sp</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">σ</mi></math>-bonds: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn></math><br><em><strong>AND</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">π</mi></math>-bonds: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>1</mn></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>B <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math> absorption/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>1750</mn><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em> <br>B <em><strong>AND</strong></em> absence of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>–</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo> </mo><mo>/</mo><mn>3200</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3600</mn><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>absorption</mi><mo>»</mo><mo> </mo></math>✔</p>
<p><em>Accept any value between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn mathvariant="italic">1700</mn><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">1750</mn><mo mathvariant="italic"> </mo><mi>c</mi><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">1</mn></mrow></msup></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Accept any two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math> isomers except for propanone and propen-2-ol:</em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">✔✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens in displayed structural formulas once only.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> is greater than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math>/large ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>«</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msup><mi>G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Θ</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>ln</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00831</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mo>)</mo><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>ln</mi><mo> </mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo></math><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>−</mo><mn>46</mn><mo>«</mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="569" height="90"></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math>/water «and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math>» ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>CH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>/propan-2-ol ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>Cr</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>7</mn></msub></math>/«potassium» dichromate(VI) <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>KMnO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math>/«acidified potassium» manganate(VII) ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>H</mi><mn mathvariant="italic">3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo mathvariant="italic">+</mo></msup></math>.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>primary carbocation «intermediate forms»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>minor product «of the water addition would be» propan-1-ol<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>anti-Markovnikov addition of water ✔</p>
<p>primary alcohol/propan-1-ol oxidizes to an aldehyde/propanal ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The majority of students got at least one of electron domain geometry or molecular geometry correct.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The vast majority of students could identify the hybridization around a central carbon atom.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The vast majority of students could identify BOTH sigma and pi bonds in a molecule.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates identified B having C = O and a peak at 1750.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A surprising number of candidates drew propanone here as an option, either failing to read the question or perhaps finding the structural formulae provided difficult to understand.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates identified B, the product, as being in greater concentration at equilibrium however some lost the mark because they did not include a reason.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates could apply the formula for Gibbs free energy change, ΔG<sup>Θ</sup>, correctly however some did not get the units correct.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The mean mark was ⅔ for the required synthetic route. Some candidates failed to identify water as a reagent in the hydration reaction, or note that dichromate ion oxidation requires acidic conditions. This was also the question with most No Response.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question regarding the formation of a minor product was not well answered. Many candidates struggled to explain the formation of propan-1-ol and to then oxidize it to propanal.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">g(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Phenylethene can be polymerized to form polyphenylethene (polystyrene, PS).</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/6.PNG" alt width="187" height="190"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The major product of the reaction with hydrogen bromide is C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CHBr–CH<sub>3</sub> and the minor product is C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Br.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the repeating unit of polyphenylethene.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Phenylethene is manufactured from benzene and ethene in a two-stage process. The overall reaction can be represented as follows with ΔG<sup>θ</sup> = +10.0 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> at 298 K.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/6b.PNG" alt width="593" height="174"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the equilibrium constant for the overall conversion at 298 K, using section 1 of the data booklet.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The benzene ring of phenylethene reacts with the nitronium ion, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, and the C=C double bond reacts with hydrogen bromide, HBr.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Compare and contrast these two reactions in terms of their reaction mechanisms.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Similarity: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Difference:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why the major product, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CHBr–CH<sub>3</sub>, can exist in two forms and state the relationship between these forms.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two forms: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Relationship:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The minor product, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Br, can exist in different conformational forms (isomers).</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline what this means.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The minor product, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Br, can be directly converted to an intermediate compound, <strong>X</strong>, which can then be directly converted to the acid C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–COOH.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>Br → <strong>X</strong> → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–COOH</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify <strong>X</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="286" height="187"> <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔]</span></strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Note: </span></strong><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> penalize the use of brackets and “n”. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> award the mark if the continuation bonds are missing.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ln<em> k</em> «= <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" - \frac{{10000}}{{8.31 \times 298}}">
<mo>−</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>10000</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>8.31</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>298</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> » = –4.04 <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>k</em> = 0.0176 <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;"> </span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong> </span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Award<strong> [2]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Similarity: </em><br>«both» involve an electrophile<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«both» electrophilic <strong>[✔]</strong><br></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Difference</em>:<br>first/reaction of ring/with NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> is substitution/S<sub>«E»</sub> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>second/reaction of C=C/with HBr is addition/A<sub>«E»</sub> <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;"> </span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Note: </strong>Answer must state which is substitution and which is addition for M2.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Two forms:</em><br>chiral/asymmetric carbon<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>carbon atom attached to 4 different groups <strong>[✔]</strong><br></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Relationship</em>:<br>mirror images<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>enantiomers/optical isomers <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept appropriate diagrams for either or both marking points.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">benzene ring «of the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>» and the bromine «on the CH<sub>2</sub>–Br» can take up different relative positions by rotating about the «C–C, <em>σ</em>–»bond <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept “different parts of the molecule can rotate relative to each other”.<br></span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “rotation around σ<span style="text-align: left;color: #000000;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: normal;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;text-decoration: none;display: inline !important;white-space: normal;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;">–</span>bond”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>2</sub>OH <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates were able to draw the monomer correctly. Some candidates made careless mistakes writing C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Another calculation which most candidates were able to work out, though some failed to convert Δ<em>G</em> given value in kJ mol<sup>-1</sup> to J mol<sup>-1</sup> or forgot the negative sign. Some used an inappropriate expression of <em>R</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The strong candidates were generally able to see the similarity between the two reactions but unexpectedly some could not identify “electrophilic” as a similarity even if they referred to the differences as electrophilic substitution/addition, so probably were unable to understand what was being asked.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Candidates were given the products of the addition reaction and asked about the major product. Perhaps they were put off by the term “forms” and thus failed to “see” the chiral C that allowed the existence of enantiomers. There was some confusion with the type of isomerism and some even suggested cis/trans isomers.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>If candidates seemed rather confused in the previous question, they seemed more so in this one. Most simply referred to isomers in general, not seeming to be slightly aware of what conformational isomerism is, even if it is in the curriculum.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Quite well answered though some candidates suggested an aldehyde rather than the alcohol, or forgot that C has two hydrogens apart from the -OH. In other cases, they left a Br there.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Hybridization of hydrocarbons affects their reactivity.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism of reaction between 2-chloropentane and aqueous sodium hydroxide.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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4+JAbUMW5ONNwHqKX5XuHaND0PDhO4SR1xJL4N/JxMUaDYiVhx5aST7JR6bKc7dLvLHo9HhFnZMs8kTWq/hFM/d6XC1sYF3w1tidklFoA/utOqbmf7NgVD4iltovh0mjHN6W9TxspGuTzkQQgght4ZVIbLXmivw/l/+xoO3ODHGmyjqcNeiBhz6/qLJ3ACXoTlax/4Vz93J4entY2g8tF7Ha/owu6b3bm8rg38PGaf1RCyyy2rNtoHuH+129OewL53fJjQ6Har+nmmOEOIY7FgX6M+psHBk389R0w/BvxHq91Yjq0oHeeRC/Em8HlK3EysydnccILdlC7ZXiz/aDdTv+xCbpdHw90I5RAGvIcOgFBcqfh/viCPyTa4aaLuSwM6Mk3VgLza/s1+6jtiQMWwbAmcjRxoUaC1rZqcijksP7Zeb8WyOB1J2/h0ZA/6GFTlqGsxJukeNRhdjv7pAvC/BxvTV/EZBfauXwb+zAX/skaiCOOllszoXqeK0qqEL8e5rL+L5jFQ+BetqZBSZjdLXfYL0x0PZ542zJMkRmrIUv1UOhEwZi1Up4sxvxvPtw/BQsjgTlz+mLngMw/ujD6P15jO61jsxBT20RMoY+dSnEDnclpnjupqdijgu8X7yGTimKUTKA7/gaYR0hxqNrsdedcEPKHplA86PmiwNfu9r9g2ZzRV4L3UTC+LjkbJ6CSL8BkhTsKavEUe+dxyl7/Onjfjo9Wf4F/VH5PJtyHluPAwd+t4If+5dqLKXIVLqemfE2bS25WN9rPngQXsRp/VciJx2s3qJM41tQ9H6mHaXLXbPmtmpnME11OTMZg22nvZ82KhehUSxcWlVY6ltzgVDY9Q2DQ0NqKmp6fD48UfxOvJL2LcyAemVoUiaEQaFvho5McH91xvltNy13JzE/3lwRcdA4Qrlpr+/g6PXBYaPWOXs2bMW1nsNsVv/htd//2v8ki8n0tfkIKYv5v/nk/1Ibs1MTsaZrob08QxarsuhZty6UiqkhgwRAqZvE07c5Gn2VFcoJLDv334Gts7w2drE5RMKhTqe2lMfv5kgBIvraPeYIrxz8Bhf4kfhxLZZQkDISqH0is7w3OYZ5uyHyg37ew5Tbi4KpakT2etYIbPiMnvNy5DTlpubLEtXCiEBI4Tp246zV/3A4esCa3+FJmHF0/ebrZM9xj9l2E7pe5rMfHnzuLBt+oge/Q1xfeb654CZuCh29FbwHvJ0coTF/bp/Tr3cApPj38CuklKUtHtsxH+e2cCPXBvRdPkqX3oghk98HGGoRV7mJ3T0b5E7l5t3ET9WvJubLyJe/xwlGZ7Imp2JfdoBzl1u9DUoyBQHdY9D3MR7+6kntv/1rC6wlhcWZ35qtk72yH8dfnyJdmT3YmLcOED3N2QW2H7nSAr+xHbGm6m07vCmXWvvY5/p1MbSjVbEu6ZtNpnuWGV2z3PzqZNNp0S2gjj9c7vpoYtxvNG0P9C27fPx8YFSqTR7hCBo6lJkz9Uifco4xG7xwfLcRZikkEE2/NeIE+/0VbkXB0/2Q5e2s3HrcjMUV/a8wJbrGCicudzoT/4TBeKtbcMex0Rp7BPVBWJd0Eq6rbhxynjxMR1peeXs7xjeHjJkiIX1SkPcLTAeYOhQWfBPnLQ1+vMeAImlrgHieBwmn4zdbq3dTyZdax0eI4SohGeEKLO0ti7Cm0JTxQaz9/kjJFkoPHtdWqrzrr7LQkVmbMfPGh9SV19vtq8njF26jnXTFvE7OQR3LzdNx4XC1GmGZUMWCBvK6viyzlpu2n6fkNRS4YpZWseHO9UFImO+mq7PsM6ozDLBpttYGU+bBSwWCuu6Pech/T1zdORPbNZy7hTE4zcoh2GI8falrYxTIP8LKukqDR2qiv+NCWZplQeO4YK4uL4GH68SB4eKAz3/jrLaM9BUlbDW9Fi22E6s2NTNPRG0ldgpTv8sfj5jD6o0Z1Bb9iHiO9yK1aiH29cjXhiiFLt2zeeuICK3LzdewYh9fZdhfpBj7yN5vB/vgnXWcnMN576vYf/K2dHqPXyAtil3rguYFg2+/bSWPXkUGSXfsXzXoEr1ouGqsS27cEhrw6F762XnNfj+nG29RBT8iY1acElzilVTjKVJlcJmYO4kcYplBe4bO9owQVNrmjfGPPofECdvNmrtNvSZiUWL+NSsYiX5pwREsqe6gi+g7mInaflOjU/Fa2HFz88ZJVVAMr9HsWjh49L7HfRw+3rGA3d6D5KeNRzV4JL0jBhQuemcs5Yb44RsncyO6tZ5ysjkGBQornU/0qc8hbQcFT7XjMBq8f4xxzIQYXp6wFoyT3jffTt7Yvs8MTb8VUKs0Fqxy+Cp8GbVgmlaR/qmBmjEJ+OGwd90mkTfQIwS9zxdAxqvWtFCbvd5D/bxYZZ33B5uH+knVG5cj7vnqSwY87Zs45d1i3eBTUZyciJiJ4zm4wsMi/U3KrLEIcju9EGg+OTQKZwz7e+8pMFR8TBR7gNvz86Lq+XPmxxl3iLywd50fwc7onLjelwxT2V+DyN5axk0tYeg2rQR2W+J89XoUJXzZ7z9ZW/6eGy/dTUFf2Ijk5b0hUY09bL1KrtnFCaL5+QaduCdd74ytIabq6F6+30Us6fyuMcQ3kX3mGxwEEaLPWvi57cfhTgLtr5+P97ZvFd6v3+1oKnR0BVHN3cyR+Wmc85aboxTlV9nWXq1dxPPMK6Vp+xvS5Py/BKBIxcip8YT4dNjERv5Hxh1r7iR4o3rxAmCekh/FY0XrrMncvgqbJlZlv1O/F9CeszjvnA8IZbfmlM42+4yHRt43Y/fvzwXoTiH4vVPS1MnB4ZOQXLet6x8z8CaxQ+zNm4XFA9jMZ85sjg9CqFsZwua8AxyqsSTf/2tGWdrTrN/g/DE2EAW7ogpKjedcdZy44n7xj7IfkMdamrqpGDbKy6VpyzIGqemb52+Xvw+T0r3u4E8FnMeG8KX7IHmOvZbi59/EGPvs62ZSMGf2M444lR3ErXnrbz+tlMD4BfxotnUyXKEzl0LVek6xPoP4GmdGQD/mBXIN50eOmULcjOmSa/6lf7fqD1ykT0Rb0rVceyz26NyY5nTlhtZ643XdEdqcb63h/6ulKcSC1PTS9/nNeQWLbdpwJ/+fC2OiG0Zi1fMWIlf8iexdC0gcTyOk0/GKUkd67rkW854/XF/TV1rJSo3Ds6Zy41xylkrrzsnvWGco8D6uQfoOn/SxwZCGfcHzJU34GD5SbozmUQP7XE1DiIIc5dNg5L2MAuo3HTk5OVGpkTcst+x49lKlB9v5InEPhpxvLwSkP8Oy+KUNnffU9VEekfxEOJfehS6gkJ8ca63XbguwDjHeVgi4if58kTSAZWb9py+3MigmDQbL4VdRMGOAzjX665/0hl9zSfIzLuIsJdmt59CuId+Jh7+8+fSQARx1ini2CifiC2o3BBbULlxfpbykI78CSGEEDfTeuQvtgwIIYQQ4nrMj/yp298JUT4RW1C5IbagcuP8LOUhdfsTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEHKr6c9hX/p06Zr8wJEJyC6vhz1vkUDBnxBCCLml9NB+uRlLLyTg61oNqvLvx+5XP8NJO0Z/Fw/+jVBnPYnARBXqeQpxBjdQr85HWnSwoRXMHiMTM6FSd90S1teXIy+Nt5x56zlLpUZ964dsWy9xFr3NXz2a1dmIDlwCVX0LTxNRuekr3e+jlvwAVeKYts8YH2GZUPNssm29faC5HFnRE5Co+oEnGPR8e2RQRGSgcnMs/GUyeN6pwAD+jt2I0/saWbrhv/O6Ihzf9kchhH2ngIRCoY6nugLXyicLrpQKqSEjhKjUQuFE001BuHlWKF05jX3vWcK2Ez/yhcw0lQmZUSOEkIR3hbK66yzhinCicKUQFcDWk1kmNInL2LJeF0Llpis3habjuUJCCKsvAhYLhXU/8XSGyg1/1kvW7KOW8N9/+rbjLJcsuSiUpk4UAqJWCoUnrrDX14W60lel9Xb+mT7Q9C9hW8J49vuMFhIKNTxR1M32/FQhZN4vljPTh8k6pPK1WFhZerbPtt1SHrrkkb+h1fUs1t0IQ5wPTyROQg+t+gsU6MZhZnw0lF6siMr8MWnuDIThCA4cvciXM8U+c2gXtlQFIWnRHIz3E9vMCihjk/Hy3LtQtWUXDmlbbFgvcR62lBtOXw913krMWncZD8cF80SjXqyXmLBmH7V8WKw/X4sjurswOugXlruqtf/C3oKLCJs5GzFKBUsYAL9JT2FmGFB54BguGJbqQ7wnaNa7uPHwZHQIMd1tj0c4UirPSHPttz0OY2tsgPhhVOdmYsewZ/FihL9du+btue5b5AcUvbIY+bctwGvxE+DLU4mzuIrvvv0GOvlwBA1u6/iSDR2DyT4NOFh+ku0e5gxdZsc0e5AS7sXTRAOh8JUDugY0Xm22Yb3EedhSbkQtqC96DbH5d2DZa3MQ5uvB041sXS9pz5p91FLw16P57CnUsKbW+BBvntZey3dqfGreOJANwZjJQcBBNY530qiwWf1uvBK7A7ctS0V82GCe2Mbm7Wk+ipzEp7AO87E+fhRMfyV7cMHg/3OMWvRXfJwxBX4u+O1c3zVoL+mA272h8DTJQJkcgwLl0J1vZNWxlfRncbi0FvAZhkBfduTfV+slDsjWciOD16gklHycigjpaNRcH5ZH0lG7fdS84SUyNr4u4pOXH+bn0IMRnZYPdf0N9r4eV7WNuA45fBUDDR+ReODOQezQr9NGxTXU5CxEYs5RNPMUA3bknbMEcTnVbM2d8BqNRSX5yLB4ZN6L7fl4NdKLj6I4PQqh4vc0GdNgDx233ekpoAwfbvdWE7GXH9F43sKxlMwT3nffzl9Ygx0xVO7BjkogbOkTCPPoq/USx2Rr/rLgrxxj6M63iMqN/ZjvozzZlLFxgEF4ZMXnvIu8HBuU/8Ds+M1QN7fgamMDWPPMDAu23oP4c0sGQjkvHXNOrcbS1gaAGPhT8cKpJ/HOvODOg6PXcIRL3fmWsOBv6/bE55ucBmCPymUIt/Sb9BEXDP6EMM0VeC91E05PXYvNXe3IhJBbw5p9VBaM+KJqaI5tRnywMeAqEBwdjYlVm7Dq4xrc5Kk9JvNHxKp1hgbAB5+hJPtFKfBvWeUevcZUJxIHcwe8B1toVeuvovHCdf6iG+K5s6WLkYXFyF8fA3+plPfBeokDs1f+UrmxC4v7aE/poLl8FXd4+0DOU9q0oKnxMn/eBbEBkP48RmUnYv4HI7AqvbeBXwbP3mxPP6LgTxwMHwB0vRFa03Njeh0ua3SQD/aGJ0+yRF//FbKXzkf6mRjk5ixEeGt3bu/WSxydvfKXyk1f63wftcVt8FR443bWELikvcbTRCzYXr4EyH3gbTpWw5w4q17GmziavBXbFpzAqoySXs4NwIJ/b7anH1HwJw7GE/eNfRBy3UnUnhcH9Bjovz+M0gY5lMp7OhnPoUdzdR6SJj+N9VKl8qLZAC5b10ucg73yl8pN3+luH7VAuw9pI3+JkWn72l1VoW9qxAUE4YmxgRh4XziekF/Ekdp/s7/AGccKKIdhSGeNCzHwr3oB24el4q0F0ZiS/AbWDStE0qreNQA8bN2efkbBnzgYGRThjyFOvh9r136E6ma2+zRXoyhnJyrl0VgQOdRiodWfK8Ly2BUoxgxkf2CpUrFtvcRZ2Ct/qdz0le73UQsUYZiRNB66gh0oqObhnwXtL/N2ombqciye5MuW+RUej7sLlWuzkCsto0VNUT52VP4cUxc8huEWM+gaanIzDIG/9bI6BYLjV0sNgEW5XYz2745N23ML8Ml+JH02k5OjMM6kRDP8OZnrQl3FdiE1agSf/Yo9olKF3Iq6thmv2uVtk1CRGdm2bIdHpJBZIc4fZsV6XZj4fV1bT8uNOWM5Mpvhj8oNf9Yb1u6jFvLgZp1QUfgmn31RfIwXEjKLDbMtcjfryoTcVHHWReMy04TU3DKhzs4Z9FPFm8L9HWb4u3Xb0xlxG8z9TPwfbwdI11CKlxgQx0b5RGxB5YbYgsqN87OUh9RjRQghhLgZCv6EEEKIm6HgTwghhLgZCv6EEEKIm6HgTwghhLgZCv6EEEKIm6HgTwghhLgZCv6EEEKIm6HgTwghhLiZ1hn+xBmACCGEEOJ6zGf4o+l9nRDlE7EFlRtiCyo3zs9SHlK3PyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEHKr6c9hX/p06bK8wJEJyC6vh56/ZQ8U/AkhhJBbSg/tl5ux9EICvq7VoCr/fux+9TOctGP0d8ngr68vR14ab0HxVlSWSo16ezajSB+6gXp1PtKig1vzcGRiJlTqrlvC3ee7beslzqN3+74ezepsRAcugaq+hadx9SokGtdp8gjLUsNsSdKV5hqUZCVgJP/9ut3/OvndjY/W3/9W5U9zObKiJyBR9QNPMOh5OZRBEZGBys2x8JfJ4HmnAgP4O3YjzvBnFBAwhD9zYk1lQmbUCCEk4V2hrO46S7ginChcKUQFjBCiMsuEJsNSTs0l8qkrV0qF1BCWX6mFwommm4Jw86xQunIa+96zhG0nfuQLmbEm321Zrwtx+XIjXBRKUycKAVErhcITV9jr60Jd6atSGZi+7bjAcrwLN4Wm47lCQsgQ9jstFgrrfuLpopus6KwUQtyknJjrs3Jz87RQ+MfxbfnTuv/FCpkVl/lCVuD7ekDUq0KptK/fovxp+pewLYF9n4DRQkKhhieKelMOGel3WSysLD3b/bJWspSHLnbkr4f20C5sqQpC0qI5GO8ntp0UUMYm4+W5d6Fqyy4c0tIxnmNjeaj+AgW6cZgZHw2lFyuiMn9MmjsDYTiCA0cv8uVMWZPvLTaslzgV7b+wt+AiwmbORoxSwRIGwG/SU5gZBlQeOIYLhqU60tdDnbcSs9ZdxsNxwTzR1A2crz0JnXw4ggbb/XjMZelPfoEPdl9pyx+2/0UsSkAkyvHh/lNWHqHfwLnPt7N9/S7MfXkhIqR9vb/zh/cgznoXNx6eDB+e2qq7ctiiRlZY+x6KwMAxvPdAi+rcTOwY9ixejPC3a9e8iwV/Q9fJMc0epIR78TTRQCh85YCuAY1XKfg7tqv47ttvOuzIsqFjMNmnAQfLT7Ldw5w1+d5sw3qJM2n5To1PdXdhdNAv2io22RCMmRwEHFTjuMWGfwvqi15DbP4dWPbaHIT5evB0U804W3MamBiOEIWLVZn9SKaMR5GmGkXxwbYHHu1X2LRiJzB1ORZP8uWJ/Zw/9bvxSuwO3LYsFfFhg3lim27L4dUwpFSekebab3scxtbfaJGT+BTWYT7Wx4+CaU1mD+5RkvVncbi0FvAZhkCLOzdxHNegvaQDbveGwtOkeMrkGBQoh+58I2seWKldvrMj/75aL3FAelzVNuI65PBVDORpIg/cOYgFiU4b/jJ4jUpCycep/CjSghYNvv20FvKWXXh5pPFIbTrS8sppHFFvNFdD9fb7KJbPwKrf/YrlVHeuoabgPeTpxiMpKQL+xt3Ypvxh68pZiMSco6zpYIodeecsQVxOdefjELxGY1FJPjIsHpnbWg7Z9ny8GunFR1GcHoVQ8TuEZUJtxwELbhD89Wiu3IMdlUDY0icQRrHfwf2IxvMWjsFlnvC++3b+whrm+d5X6yWOiVW6jQ1gzTszrNL1HsSfW8KCv3KM4TRQJ/TfH0ZpA3viEYEV5RrDkVrVX6Dcn4L4DeVmwYN0Twy8sxEYOgXJeecR+ezv8FBnDS9TzUfwyY5DbIf+L0wL8+aJtubPQCjnpWPOqdVY2toAEAN/Kl449STemddF74TXcIRL3fmW2FoO2fbE55v0BLBH5TKE2zFeuX7wb67Ae6mbcHrqWmzuKkOJa6F8J33E0F19Bse2zkWwsZHgFYzoaWGoynoLH9dcM6QRK7UFutqyNfDfPR+TF6lwrsteFOO4Hhb7436N4SY7tM35I445WLXO0AD44DOUZL8oBf4tq6bAzw0qDNf+is1HkbN0MbKwGPnrY9q6iYgDuwPegy20qvVX0XjhOn/RDYv53gfrJQ5MBk9vH8j5qzYtaGq8zJ/bwyVcbqKL/Wwl85uIuTPHQbf7IxSf7KoRxccCYRziJt7bg8DVTf6IDYD05zEqOxHzPxiBVem9Dfy3qhz2nMuGQ339V8heOh/pZ2KQm7MQ4V106xFHwgfpXW+E1vTcmF6Hyxod5IO94cmTLOk833u3XuLoWKWr8MbtLDxc0poGEVbpXr4EyH3gbTrWgzgIY3d4N0HaOH4n7HFMHG56Lr2XxFn1Mt7E0eSt2LbgBFZllPRyHIfzlEMX3Bv0aK7OQ9Lkp7FeCgAvdj6QhzggT9w39kHIdSdRe/4GT2O5Kp3Xk0OpvKeTUbDd5but6yXOwuO+cDwhv4gjtf9mpYEzBg3lMAyx6QBAD+2+dIwMfARp+1jl3YofyckfxNj7qNnYve5+xxAM7aqevnAMByp18Jk8BkPbZWMv8kcM/KtewPZhqXhrQTSmJL+BdcMKkbSqdw0A+5TDvudywV9/rgjLY1egGDOQ/QEFfucjgyL8McTJ92Pt2o9Q3cx2n+ZqFOXsRKU8Ggsih1ostN3nu23rJU5E8Ss8HncXKtdmIbdaHNypRU1RPnZU/hxTFzzW7jyx9Vi5GTcdSaEXUbD9fw3lhtHXH0TejtOYuiYRk+jyPytY+h1Zg73mM+TsOILQpDn4jX/ndXXLuVM4BB+MG3oX2o+BszV/rqEmN8MQ+Fsvq1MgOH611ABYlNvFaP/u2KUc2gGf7Efi/DOANQkVmZHS97D8iBQyK5x/jj/xu7i260JdxXYhVZzFy5h3UalCbkVd24xXP1UImfez9IRCoc7qfLdivS5M/L6u7mZdmZCbKs4aZ8z7aUJqbplQZ8zgduXGnLEcmc/wJ663QijMXCCEGNcbskDI/PyES8wY2p2+LDfd/46W8+CnijeF+wMmCqmlF3lKe7cqfwzbZT7DnxXlsJ9ZysOfif/j7QDp+khxBCZxbJRPxBZUbogtqNw4P0t5SP1VhBBCiJuh4E8IIYS4GQr+hBBCiJuh4E8IIYS4GQr+hBBCiJuh4E8IIYS4GQr+hBBCiJuh4E8IIYS4GQr+hBBCiJtpneFPnAGIEEIIIa7HfIY/mt7XCVE+EVtQuSG2oHLj/CzlIXX7E0IIIW6Ggj8hhBDiZij4E0IIIW6Ggj8hhBDiZij4E0IIIW6Ggj8hhBDiZij4E0IIIW6Ggj8hhBDiCJrLkRX9HFT1LTzBfij4E0IIIbeUHs01e5G1dDGyqm7yNPtyweDPf8TECdKsRoGBE5CYpYK6/gZ/nzi+G6hX5yMtOpjn4S8xMjETKnU9y10rSS1o9vlEFep5Up+slzgw2/JXX1+OvLTprZ8JHJmALJUa9a0fonLT56T9k9XNqh94Qmes+O319VDnpSGav99/dX4j1FlPmtUxjM3bcwfGPr8GKT78pb2J0/saBQQM4c+c182zhcIfQ0YIUamFwommm8LNus+FlVEjhICoDUIFe+0KXCGfunSlVEg1yUOWqULpymnse88Stp34kS/UlctCRWas9DsFJBQKdTy19+t1blRuLGgqEzJZ/RCS8K5QVnedJVwRThSuFKIC2Hoyy4QmcRkqN/xZH2n6l7AtYTxb72ghoVDDEzvR7W9/ky2yUggJmCakFh6X8qu1zp++TTjBPmIfV4Tj2/7I/q5ZHdPd9lyvEDLvZ58RP9f6MPkdfhLfXywU1v1keN1HLOWhix35X8PJ4o+wWzcOM+OjofSSQeb3KBYtfByo+hT7T1zlyxHHpYdW/QUKTPIQMn9MmjsDYTiCA0cv8uU6o0ezOhepWeX8tVFv10scmy35yz5zaBe2VAUhadEcjPcbwNIUUMYm4+W5d6Fqyy4c0rZQuekz/Ch+1ru48fBkdH+Aa02eNkC99wvowmYgPiYYXixF5jcRc2eOAyoP4eiFvj93bugpehbrboQhrsOX6GZ7GsYgpfKMNM9+2+MwtsYGGD7ej9iv6UoGQhmfz37MfMQrB/I04lyu4rtvv4FOPhxBg8XK2EA2dAwm+zTgYPlJaHmaRc0VeC91K7DoOcxtt2P2cr3EwdmSvzIoIjJwTLMHKeFiNW00EApfOaBrQOPVZio3faV+N16J3YHblqUiPmwwT+yKFXnaosG3n9ZCPjoIg1uj2UAMHfMAa1xUovx4I0/rKz+g6JXFyL9tAV6LnwBfntqq37fHdi4W/M2J5/8/wdub90I+9Vn8Lsx0ByeO6Rq0l3TA7d5QeJoUT5kcgwLl0J1vZFVCZxqhfm81spCI1QsjzHbM3qyXOL4+zF/9WRwurQV8hiHQlx35U7npG16jsagkHxkR/lYGHivy9KoWl66zRXwV8ORvi2R3+iCQNcvON/7IU9rT1+QgLjEP1c2mozZYvKjOQ2JcDmo6Hczxc4xa9Fd8nDEFfpa+hI3bcytYlwfOSF+NnJiRCJ2yBHmnH8GzCQ9ZziziYH5E43kLx1IyT3jffTt/YYmxux9IWT0P4V638XQjW9dLnENf5S8rR5V7sKMSCFv6BMI8qNz0Ga/hCFcq+AtrWPHbX23EedY+MCe70xt38+eWyJSz8M6c03hhaT5vAIiBPx9LXziNOe/MgrLTWKGAMny41J1vkY3b08ojHCmVGxHr58ET7Md1w6EsGPFF1dBoTqHs3aHYPSMGi1QalsXEJRm7+1NS8Ydwb55ISA9J5WgTTk9di83zgl29a9SNDYBfxIvYIjUAtqKk5B1D4N/yIiKksR+uzw3KNsvkSU9hZtgV7P7gC5yk6O/g7oD3YAtHB/qraLxwnb8wZ9Ld/4cHOmmV27Je4jz6IH+bjyJHvM4ai5G/Pgb+Uu1I5ebWseK39/TGYLnhqSl9UyMu8OedExsAS7Fq1E7Mn78Lo1Yt7X3g79X29C/3aNgau4k0DWii4O/g+GCr643QXjXJLL0OlzU6yAd7tzuXJmk5hf0flgNVbyA2NNBwbe2wGGQ1sPeKl2BC4BKo6j16vl7iRGwoNyb09V8he+l8pJ+JQW7OQoSLI8slvVsv6Q0rfntPBXxZ1X79krbd2At9UwM0UGCw9x08xZIbqN/3FlYdnYFt26bj6Kq3sK+3cwP0anv6l4sF/0vYl/YIAkemY5/WtLAYWoryh4bReX+H54n7xj4Iue4kas+37Yj67w+jtEEOpfKejkf20nkys8tnThUZJsuI3IgyjXgOTdHz9RInYkO5kRgGeSVNfhrrpcBv3u1r63pJ71nx23sEYuwTQdAdqcX51ir/Gr4/XIEG3AvlkM5yRwz8byBp+71Y91YipkxZhLfW3YvtSW/0rgFg8/b0PxcLhT4YN+NphOo+w/aCY2iW0rSoKcrHjspQJCVF8K484rhkUIQ/hjj5fqxd+5FhME5zNYpydqJSHo0FkUNtLLT2Wi9xDLblr/5cEZbHrkAxZiD7A0vne6nc3DrW/PY+CH/8Mcgr38Ha3KOszmeNuZrPkLPjEORTn0LkcMuXfOtr/geLpMA/G8FSL48MXsGzDQ2ARf/TxWj/7ti2PbcEn+xH0uczOd0S14W6ikIhU5pByjCDUkjCBuHzE1f4+87PNfKpK2IebhdSxVmxeB4GRKUKuRV1QuuEXdJMWCy93exaJiy+b8V6XRiVG6ZduWgSKjIj25bt8IgUMivEOdqo3PS1nyreFO63MMNfx3QrfvubdUJFbqoQZXxfnJ0xdbtQIc3YaEed1UG3anu6YCkPfyb+j7cDpHOlYpcpcWyUT8QWVG6ILajcOD9LeUg9VoQQQoiboeBPCCGEuBkK/oQQQoiboeBPCCGEuBkK/oQQQoiboeBPCCGEuBkK/oQQQoiboeBPCCGEuBkK/oQQQoibaZ3hT5wBiBBCCCGux3yGP5re1wlRPhFbULkhtqBy4/ws5SF1+xNCCCFuhoI/IYQQ4mYo+BNCCCFuhoI/IYQQ4mYo+BNCCCFuhoI/IYQQ4mYo+BNCCCFuhoI/IYQQ4mYo+BNCCCFuxsWDvx7N6mxEB45BouoHnkYc3w3Uq/ORFh0szUwlPkYmZkKlrmc52hXzz01AYvZXqG/9kK3rJc5CX1+OvLTprfkbODIBWSq1SRnoyKrP1KuQaHzf5BGWpUYLX4QQZ+Lawb+5Au+lbkIVf0mchPYrvD07AxUPrEVJlQaa2jK861+K5NjnkVtzjS9kTmzobUb87H9AuaEcGs0plOXG4Mz6+Yhnr5vFRWxaL3Eel/Dl2ylIqxiL7JIqQxl4dyj2JP8eSbnVlht4zeXYED8Hq88/gZ1lp9hnqlCyZoj0mdZywz6pPa7GQTyKjJLvpGlSjY/KlHB4SMsQ4lxcOPg3Qv3eamRV6fhr4hxYRav+AgW6cZgZHw2lFyuiMn9MmjsDYTiCA0cv8uXM6Gvw8apNOB03E3HBCpYwAH4RC/Hy3LtQ9eE/cKLFxvUS56H9F/YWXETYzNmIUfIyMOkpzAwDKg8cwwXDUiZYmTi0C1uqgpC0aA7G+w1gaQooY5MN5WbLLhzSik2GGzhfexI6+XAEDRaXIcT5uWjwF48Cc5GaBSxKmQkfnkqcwVV89+03HSpa2dAxmOzTgIPlJ6Hlaab0J/+Jgsq7EPf4r1j1beSLiNcPQFO5DOEetq2XOI+W79T4VHcXRgf9oq1ikw3BmMlBwEE1jkuB3JQMiogMHNPsQUq4F08TDYTCVw7oGtB4VfxMM87WnAYmhiNE4cLHS8StuGZJlrr7twIpqVj4qD9PJM7hGrSXdMDt3lB4mhRPmRyDAuXQnW9kzYOO9E0N0EAO78ZDyE6cwM/JTkdaXjk/d2vbeomz0OOqthHXWRnwVQzkaSIP3DnI1ySQW0F/FodLawGfYQj09WCtCg2+/bQW8pZdeHmk8Xy/adkixPm4YPDn3f1IxOo/PADT9jxxBj+i8byFY3CZJ7zvvp2/MNeCS5pTaMBRvL3iI+CPRajVnEFt2VLclp/Az93asl7iPFjwb2xAx5N8LPh7D+LPraFHc+Ue7KgEwpY+gTAW+/XfH0ZpA3vLIwIryjWG8/1Vf4Fyf4rJuABCnIuLBf+27v6U1fMQLp7XJW7EH1PX/BlLxvtJBVvmNxFzZ442OXdLSDf4IOHTU9di87xgQzlSxqOIBfxjW+ci2FineAUjeloYqrLewsc0WJQ4IdeKjibd/X8I9+aJxLncAe/BbWftW+mvovHCdf7CnAye3j6QYxCCA31MCjU/6tN9g2+/E2xYL3EexjJgrgVNjZf58240H0XO0sXIwmLkr4+Bv1W14yVcbqKL/Yjzcang33LiH/iwqoG1xp9EKL8Od1hsJhrYf8XJv0Zgogr1fFniqPhgq+uN0Jqeo9XrcFmjg3ywNzx5UhsZvIYMg5K/6sgXg+70smG9xHmw4K/wxu3Q4ZLW9EicBf/LlwC5D7xNx3qY0dd/heyl85F+Jga5OQup15C4PJcq4R7hy1DJr781Pk6plsGH/ReZ/U9otsbCjy9LHJUn7hv7IOS6k6g9f4OnscpZOu8qh1J5j8VxHLLBQRgtr0Xp4bNoC+38qE8a4e9t03qJ8/C4LxxPyC/iSO2/28qAcfCechiGWAzoejRX5yFp8tNYLwX+FxEhXfJnpId2XzpGBj6CtH2sEdHKWLYexNj7qNlInA81b4mDkUER/hji5Puxdu1HqG5m1XhzNYpydqJSHo0FkUMtF1rFw1i8Jho1a99B0TkxuLNKveYz5Ow4jalrEjFJ4WHbeonzUPwKj8fdhcq1WcitFgd3alFTlI8dlT/H1AWPYbiFDNafK8Ly2BUoxgxkf2Ae+EWsPI6bjqTQiyjY/r+GcsPo6w8ir7VsUckhTkgwERAwhD9zHT9VvCncHzBaSCjU8BTn54r51N51oa5iu5AaNUL6rtIjKlXIragTbvIlWMYKmfez9IRCoY4nCcIV4cTnG4SEEP6ZkAVC5ucnhCb+rlXrdWHi93V1N+vKhNzUaW35GzBNSM0tE+qMGdyu3DQJFZmRJsuaPyKFzApD6blZVyEUZi4QQozvdShbrkv8vsS5WcrDn4n/4+0A6Ry52FVOHBvlE7EFlRtiCyo3zs9SHlJ/FSGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmKPgTQgghboaCPyGEEOJmWmf4E2cAIoQQQojrMZ/hr930voQQQghxfdTtTwghhLgZCv6EEEKIm6HgTwghhLgZCv6EEEKIWwH+P1XqY8thbH/cAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Distinguish between a sigma and pi bond.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the hybridization of carbon in ethane, ethene and ethyne.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, giving a reason, if but-1-ene exhibits cis-trans isomerism.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction which occurs between but-1-ene and hydrogen iodide at room temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the mechanism of the reaction between but-1-ene with hydrogen iodide, using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, giving a reason, if the product of this reaction exhibits stereoisomerism.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the rate expression for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the units of the rate constant.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the initial rate of reaction in experiment 4.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, with a reason, the mechanism of the reaction between 2-chloropentane and sodium hydroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss the reason benzene is more reactive with an electrophile than a nucleophile.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Sigma (σ) bond:</em></p>
<p>overlap «of atomic orbitals» along the axial / intermolecular axis / electron density is between nuclei<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>head-on/end-to-end overlap «of atomic orbitals» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Pi (π) bond:</em></p>
<p>overlap «of p-orbitals» above and below the internuclear axis/electron density above and below internuclear axis<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>sideways overlap «of p-orbitals» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept a suitable diagram.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="473" height="69"></p>
<p><em><br>All 3 required for mark.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>2 groups on a carbon «in the double bond» are the same/hydrogen «atoms»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>no <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>molecule produced by rearranging atoms bonded on a carbon «in the double bond» is the same as the original ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«electrophilic» addition ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not allow nucleophilic addition.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>curly arrow going from C=C to H of HI <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>curly arrow showing I leaving ✔</p>
<p>representation of carbocation ✔</p>
<p>curly arrow going from lone pair/negative charge on I<sup>–</sup> to C<sup>+</sup> ✔</p>
<p>2-iodobutane formed ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize incorrect bond, e.g. –CH–H<sub>3</sub>C or –CH<sub>3</sub>C once only.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>yes <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>has a carbon attached to four different groups<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>yes <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>it contains a chiral carbon ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept yes <strong>AND</strong> mirror image of molecule different to original/non-superimposable on original.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«rate =» k[NaOH][C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>Cl] ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>mol<sup>–1 </sup>dm<sup>3 </sup>s<sup>–1</sup> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></p>
<p>«k = » 1.25 «mol<sup>–1 </sup>dm<sup>3 </sup>s<sup>–1</sup>» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>«rate = 1.25 mol<sup>–1 </sup>dm<sup>3 </sup>s<sup>–1</sup> × 0.60 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> × 0.25 mol dm<sup>–3</sup>»</p>
<p>1.9 x 10<sup>–1</sup> «mol dm<sup>–3 </sup>s<sup>–1</sup>» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></p>
<p>«[NaOH] exp. 4 is 3 × exp. 1»</p>
<p>«[C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>Cl] exp. 4 is 2.5 × exp. 1»</p>
<p>«exp. 4 will be » 7.5× faster ✔</p>
<p>1.9 x 10<sup>–1</sup> «mol dm<sup>–3 </sup>s<sup>–1</sup>» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>S<sub>N</sub>2 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>rate depends on both OH<sup>–</sup> and 2-chloropentane ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept E2 <strong>AND</strong> rate depends on both OH<sup>–</sup> and 2-chloropentane.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>delocalized electrons/pi bonds «around the ring»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>molecule has a region of high electron density/negative charge ✔</p>
<p>electrophiles are attracted/positively charged <em><strong>AND</strong></em> nucleophiles repelled/negatively charged ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not accept just “nucleophiles less attracted” for <strong>M2</strong>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “benzene <strong>AND</strong> nucleophiles are both electron rich” for “repels nucleophiles”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>