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<h2>SL Paper 3</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Amino acids are usually identified by their common names. Use section 33 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the IUPAC name for leucine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A mixture of amino acids is separated by gel electrophoresis at pH 6.0. The amino acids are then stained with ninhydrin.</p>
<p>(i) On the diagram below draw the relative positions of the following amino acids at the end of the process: Val, Asp, Lys and Thr.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>(ii) Suggest why glycine and isoleucine separate slightly at pH 6.5.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the number of different tripeptides that can be made from twenty different amino acids.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The fibrous protein keratin has a secondary structure with a helical arrangement.</p>
<p>(i) State the type of interaction responsible for holding the protein in this arrangement.</p>
<p>(ii) Identify the functional groups responsible for these interactions.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid</p>
<p><em>Accept 4-methyl-2-aminopentanoic acid.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>Lys on cathode side <em><strong>AND</strong></em> Asp on anode side<br>Val at origin <em><strong>AND</strong></em> Thr on anode side but closer to origin than Asp</p>
<p><em>Val and Thr need not overlap.</em><br><em>Accept any (reasonable) size and demarcation of position so long as position relative to origin is correct.</em><br><em>Accept crosses for spots.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for any two correct.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if net direction of spots is reversed.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if the four points are in the correct order but not in a straight line.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p>different sizes/molar masses/chain lengths «so move with different speeds»</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«20<sup>3</sup> =» 8000</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p>hydrogen bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p>carboxamide/amide/amido<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>C=O <em><strong>AND</strong></em> N–H</p>
<p><em>Accept peptide.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbohydrates are energy-rich molecules which can be synthesized in some plant cells from inorganic compounds.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the raw materials and source of energy used in the process described above.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The structures of two molecules, <strong>X</strong> and <strong>Y</strong>, are shown below.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>(i) Justify why both these molecules are carbohydrates.</p>
<p>(ii) Distinguish between these molecules in terms of their functional groups.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Amylose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating units of glucose.</p>
<p>(i) Draw the structure of the repeating unit of amylose. Use section 34 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>(ii) Amylose is a major component of starch. Corn starch can be used to make replacements for plastics derived from oil, especially for packaging. Discuss <strong>one</strong> potential advantage and <strong>one</strong> disadvantage of this use of starch.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CO<sub>2</sub> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> H<sub>2</sub>O <em><strong>AND</strong></em> sun</p>
<p><em>Accept names.</em><br><em>Accept “sunlight/light/photons” instead of “sun”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p>both have formula C<sub>x</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>y</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>both contain several OH/hydroxyl «groups» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> a C=O/carbonyl «group»</p>
<p><em>Accept “both have the formula C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>O<sub>n</sub> /empirical formula CH<sub>2</sub>O” but do <strong>not</strong> accept “both have same molecular formula/have formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “aldehyde or ketone” for “carbonyl”.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p><em>Accept “alkyl” for “R”.</em><br><em>Accept “<strong>X</strong>: aldose/aldehyde <strong>AND Y</strong>: ketose/ketone”.</em><br><em>Accept “CO” for “C=O”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>continuation bonds <em><strong>AND</strong></em> open O on either but not both ends</p>
<p><em>Brackets are not necessary for the mark.</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept β-isomer.</em><br><em>Mark may be awarded if a polymer is shown but with the repeating unit clearly identified.</em><br><em>3-D representation is <strong>not</strong> required.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p><em>Advantage:<br>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>biodegradable / break down naturally/by bacteria</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “decompose easily”.</em></p>
<p>compostable</p>
<p>does not contribute to land-fill</p>
<p>renewable/sustainable resource</p>
<p>starch grains swell <em><strong>AND</strong></em> help break up plastic</p>
<p>lower greenhouse gas emissions</p>
<p>uses less fossil fuels than traditional plastics</p>
<p>less energy needed for production</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Disadvantage:<br>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>land use «affects biodiversity/loss of habitat»</p>
<p>growing corn for plastics instead of food</p>
<p>«starch» breakdown can increase acidity of soil/compost</p>
<p>«starch» breakdown can produce methane «especially when buried»</p>
<p>sensitive to moisture/bacteria/acidic foods</p>
<p>«bioplastics sometimes» degrade quickly/before end of use</p>
<p>cannot be reused</p>
<p>poor mechanical strength</p>
<p>eutrophication</p>
<p>increased use of fertilizers/pesticides/phosphorus/nitrogen «has negative environmental effects»</p>
<p><em>Ignore any reference to cost.<br><br>Accept “prone to site explosions/fires” or “low heat resistance” for disadvantage.</em></p>
<p><em>Only award<strong> [1 max]</strong> if the same example is used for the advantage and disadvantage.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lipids are an important part of the human diet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Fatty acids react with glycerol to form fats and oils. State the name of the chemical link formed in this reaction and the name of the other product.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The table below shows average figures for the percentage fatty acid composition of some common fats and oils.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>(i) Deduce, with a reason, which fat or oil from the table above has the lowest iodine number.</p>
<p>(ii) Deduce, with a reason, which fat or oil from the table above is most likely to become rancid when exposed to the air.</p>
<p>(iii) The <strong>P/S index</strong> of a fat or oil is the ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat present. It is sometimes used to compare the relative health benefits of different lipids in the diet. Calculate the P/S index of beef fat and soybean oil.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>(iv) Suggest why a P/S index of greater than 1 is considered beneficial to health.</p>
<p>(v) Cotton seed oil and corn oil have similar iodine numbers but the melting point of cotton seed oil is higher than that of corn oil. Suggest an explanation in terms of the structure and bonding in these two oils.</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Name of the chemical link:</em> ester/ethoxycarbonyl<br><em><strong>AND<br></strong>Name of the other product:</em> water</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept formulas. <br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “esterification”</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i<br>coconut oil <em><strong>AND</strong></em> lowest «percentage of» unsaturated fatty acids<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>coconut oil<em><strong> AND</strong></em> smallest number of C=C bonds<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>coconut oil <em><strong>AND</strong></em> highest «percentage of» saturated fatty acids<br><em>Accept “fats” for “fatty acids”.</em></p>
<p><br><br>ii<br>soybean oil <em><strong>AND</strong></em> highest «percentage of» polyunsaturated fatty acids<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>soybean oil <em><strong>AND</strong></em> greatest number of C=C bonds<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>soybean oil <em><strong>AND</strong></em> lowest «percentage of» saturated fatty acids<br><em>Accept “fats” for “fatty acids”.</em></p>
<p><br><br>iii<br><em>Beef fat:</em> «P/S = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{3}{{59}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>3</mn>
    <mrow>
      <mn>59</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> = » 0.05<br><em><strong>AND</strong></em><br><em>Soybean oil:</em> «P/S = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{50 + 8}}{{14}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>50</mn>
      <mo>+</mo>
      <mn>8</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>14</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =» 4.1</p>
<p> </p>
<p>iv<br>«higher proportion of» polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease risk of atherosclerosis/heart disease/cardiovascular disease/CVD<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«higher proportion of» polyunsaturated fatty acids which are less likely to be deposited on the walls of arteries «than saturated fatty acids»</p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept correct arguments in terms of HDL and LDL but not in terms of “good” and “bad” cholesterol.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “fats” for “fatty acids”.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>v</p>
<p><em>Any two of:</em><br>cotton seed oil has «a higher proportion of» longer chain/greater molar mass fatty acids</p>
<p>molecules of cotton seed oil have greater surface area/have higher electron density</p>
<p><em>Accept “molecules of cotton seed oil are packed more closely/have more regular structure” for M2.</em></p>
<p>stronger London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces between chains in cotton seed oil</p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “fats” for “fatty acids”.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Biomagnification factor, BMF, can be defined as the concentration of a chemical, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></math>, in a predator, relative to the concentration found in its prey.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">BMF<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></mfenced><mi>predator</mi></msub><msub><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></mfenced><mi>prey</mi></msub></mfrac></math>, where&nbsp;<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></mfenced><mo>=</mo></math>(<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>μg</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></math>&nbsp;per&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>kg</mi></math>&nbsp;body weight)</span></p>
<table class="NormalTable" style="width: 837px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 827px;"><span class="fontstyle0">[Franklin, J., 2015. </span><em><span class="fontstyle2">How reliable are field-derived biomagnification factors and trophic magnification factors as<br>indicators of bioaccumulation potential? Conclusions from a case study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances</span></em><span class="fontstyle0"><em>.</em><br>Available at: https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ieam.1642.]</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the BMF if a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>120</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kg</mi></math> shark consumes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1000</mn></math> mackerel in </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>one</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">year. Each mackerel weighs <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>1</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kg</mi></math> on average. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></mfenced><mi>mackerel</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo> </mo><mi>μg</mi><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> per <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>kg</mi></math> body weight. Assume chemical <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi></math> remains in the shark’s body for </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>two</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">years.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest, with a reason, if fat-soluble or water-soluble xenobiotics would have a larger BMF.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>«</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo> </mo><mi>μg</mi><mo>×</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>600</mn><mo>«</mo><mi>μg</mi><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">X</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>«</mo><mfrac><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mrow><mn>600</mn><mo> </mo><mi>μg</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>120</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kg</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo> </mo><mi>μg</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>kg</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>»</mo><mn>17</mn></math> ✔</p>
<p><br><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer. </em></p>
<p><em>M2 may also be correctly expressed to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math> SF.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>fat-soluble <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>pass through lipid membranes/accumulate in cells/fatty tissues<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>fat-soluble <em><strong>AND</strong></em> less easily excreted/metabolized ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “water-soluble” only if an organometallic–protein interaction is mentioned.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates produced the correct answer for M1 but not as many fully scored. Students did not&nbsp;appear to understand the concept, and many missed the idea of 2 years in the calculation. Students&nbsp;should always clearly show their calculations so examiners can award marks throughout the question and&nbsp;potentially award ECF if possible. It is very difficult to do this when students do not show work clearly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A well answered question although some did not give a reason.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Proteins are polymers of amino acids.</span> <span class="fontstyle0">A paper chromatogram of two amino acids, A1 and A2, is obtained using a non-polar solvent.</span></p>
<p><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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" width="222" height="432"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0">© International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">value of A1.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Proteins are polymers of amino acids.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mixture is composed of glycine, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Gly</mi></math>, and isoleucine, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Ile</mi></math>. Their structures can be found in section 33 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to relative affinities and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, the identity of A1.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Proteins are polymers of amino acids.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Glycine is one of the amino acids in the primary structure of hemoglobin.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of bonding responsible for the </span><span class="fontstyle2">α</span><span class="fontstyle0">-helix in the secondary structure.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Proteins are polymers of amino acids.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe how the tertiary structure differs from the quaternary structure in hemoglobin.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>70</mn></math> ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept any value within the range “<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn mathvariant="italic">0</mn><mo mathvariant="italic">.</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">67</mn><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">0</mn><mo mathvariant="italic">.</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">73</mn></math>”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Ile <em><strong>AND</strong></em> larger R<sub>f</sub> ✔</p>
<p>more soluble in non-polar solvent «mobile phase»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>not as attracted to polar «stationary» phase ✔</p>
<p><br><em>Only award M2 if Ile is identified in M1.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></math> bonding «between amido hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>tertiary: folding/shape of a single «polypeptide/protein» chain ✔</p>
<p>quaternary: arrangement/folding of four/several chains/proteins/polypeptides «held together by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>IMF</mi></math>» ✔</p>
<p><br><em>Accept “two or more polypeptides” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students scored this mark. The students who missed this mark that were close either measured&nbsp;from the top or bottom of the spot rather than the middle. A few students had answers that were greater&nbsp;than 1 which indicated a clear lack of understanding of this concept.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Not well answered. Many candidates referred to glycine even when they had obtained the correct R<sub>f&nbsp;</sub>value in 5a. Answers referring to Molar mass and isoelectric point were quite common. Some candidates that identified Ile correctly lost the first mark as didn't make any reference to the R<sub>f</sub>. There was a clear lack&nbsp;of understanding that the Rf value was related to polarity not molar mass.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A well answered question.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates didn't understand the question and provided long answers referring to the interactions but failing to identify those took place within the same/one chain. More candidates were able to score the second mark referring to multiple chains.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structure and shape.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Classify vitamins A, C and D as either mainly fat- or water-soluble, using section 35 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><img 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" width="650" height="199"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structure and shape.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the straight chain structure of deoxyribose from its ring structure drawn in section 34 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diverse functions of biological molecules depend on their structure and shape.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> Sucrose is a disaccharide formed in the reaction of glucose with fructose.<br>Identify the reaction type and the newly formed functional group that joins the monosaccharide units in the product.<br> </span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="720" height="184"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="201" height="107"></p>
<p>all three correct ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="89" height="144"></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>–</mo><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>–</mo></math> must be placed next to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CHO</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mi>OH</mi></math>s on central carbons must be on same side (LHS or RHS) ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept crosses in place of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math> on three middle carbons.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Reaction type:</em><br>condensation ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “nucleophilic substitution/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math>” for M1.</em></p>
<p><em>Functional group:</em><br>acetal/ether/glycosidic «linkage» ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “glycoside” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Only a few very weak candidates answered this one wrongly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very disappointing. I had only a few correct answers and the wrong ones very often showed no&nbsp;understanding at all. Some candidates drew ring structures even though a straight chain was requested.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates scored both marks here. Ether was the most common answer for M2 with some&nbsp;responding glycosidic.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<table class="NormalTable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="550"><span class="fontstyle0">Phospholipids are a main component of cell membranes.</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the products of the hydrolysis of a non-substituted phospholipid, where </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi><mn>1</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">represent long alkyl chains.</span></p>
<p><img 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" width="300" height="242"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A representation of a phospholipid bilayer cell membrane is shown:</span></p>
<p><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="334" height="235"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0">© International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Identify the components of the phospholipid labelled </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle2"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="700" height="176"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the most significant intermolecular forces in the phospholipid in b(i).</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="678" height="223"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Phospholipids help maintain cellular environments while fatty acid lipids have important roles in energy storage and electrical insulation. Discuss the structural properties of saturated fats needed for these roles.</span></p>
<p><img 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" width="710" height="289"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="185" height="172"></p>
<p>glycerol ✔</p>
<p>both fatty acids <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>phosphoric acid ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept either names <strong>OR</strong> structures.</em><br><em>Accept “long chain carboxylic acid” for “fatty acid”.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize once only if an incorrect name is given for a correct structure or vice-versa.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>A:</em> phosphate/ionic group<br><em><strong>AND</strong></em><br><em>B:</em> alkyl/hydrocarbon «chain» ✔</p>
<p><br><em>Accept "glycerol «fragment»" <strong>OR </strong>"glycerophosphate" <strong>OR</strong> “ester” for <strong>A</strong>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “fatty acid «tail»” for <strong>B</strong>.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not accept terms such as “polar head”, “non-polar tail”, “hydrophilic” <strong>OR </strong>“hydrophobic” for components alone.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Forces occurring between components labelled <strong>A</strong>:</em><br>hydrogen/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></math> bonding<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>ion–dipole<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>ionic/electrostatic «repulsion and/or attraction» ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “dipole-dipole” for M1.</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “van der Waals/vdW” for M1.</em></p>
<p><em>Forces occurring between components labelled <strong>B</strong>:</em><br>dispersion/London/instantaneous dipoles/temporary dipoles ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “van der Waals/vdW” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Energy storage:</em> <br>not water-soluble/no hydrogen/<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></math> bonding <br><em><strong>OR<br></strong> </em>less oxidized/more reduced<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em> high energy stored in bonds <br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em> high «negative» enthalpy of combustion/oxidation ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “potential energy” for “stored energy”.</em></p>
<p><em>Electrical insulator</em>: <br>no delocalized electrons/conjugation ✔<br><br></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Not as well answered as expected. However, many candidates managed to score at least one point.&nbsp;Quite a few lost the only mark due to wrong linkage. Some students drew fatty acid structures with&nbsp;aldehydes or phosphoric acid with incorrect bond linkages in the structure (OH<sup>-</sup>).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Mostly well answered. Weaker candidates used the terms hydrophobic (non-polar) tail and/or&nbsp;hydrophilic (polar) head and therefore lost the mark. Students are expected to know the names of these&nbsp;structures.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many good answers. Those that failed to score often provided the inverted answer. Dipole-dipole&nbsp;was fairly common for M1 but VdW forces less so for M2.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Not well answered. In particular the first mark seemed particularly challenging for students. Even when at times wording wasn't enough to allow BOD for M2 it was evident the candidate had some idea but none&nbsp;for the first one. Non-polar allowed many students to score the second mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Sugars exist in both straight chain and ring forms.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>Biodegradable plastics produced from starch present one solution to the environmental&nbsp;problem created by the use of large quantities of plastics.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the straight chain structure of ribose from its ring structure drawn in section 34 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Using the <strong>partial</strong> structure given, complete the structural formula of the molecule formed from the condensation of two cyclic <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\alpha ">
  <mi>α</mi>
</math></span>-glucose molecules.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-25_om_11.45.47.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/12.a.ii"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Constructing models that allow visualizations of the stereochemistry of carbohydrates is essential to understand their structural roles in cells.</p>
<p>Describe how Haworth projections help focus on the position of attached groups.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>one</strong> advantage of starch based polymers besides being biodegradable.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Biodegradable boxes made from polylactic acid, PLA, disintegrate when exposed to water.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>State the formula of the product formed when water reacts with PLA.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>All OH groups must be on the same side.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept structures with chiral carbon atoms shown as C or C* instead of crosses.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-25_om_11.47.34.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/12.a.ii/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept –O– in a straight line provided both H’s are above the plane.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«allow» 3-D perspective of structures «of cyclic monosaccharide molecules»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«show» <em>cis</em>/same side arrangement of «attached» groups<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«show» <em>trans</em>/opposite side arrangement of «attached» groups<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«make» carbon and hydrogen implicit</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>abundant/renewable/allows use of «local» vegetation<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>less use of fossil fuel/oil based plastics<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>air permeable/better breathing of products<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«can be» mixed/blended with synthetic polymers</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept answers related to biodegradable examples.</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore any reference to cost.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “carbon neutral/do not contribute to global warming”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “require less energy to produce”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “do not produce toxic products”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>HO–CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)–COOH/CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)COOH</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept OH–CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)–COOH.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lipids and carbohydrates contain the same elements but have different properties.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>List the building blocks of triglycerides and carbohydrates.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The drain pipe of a kitchen sink can become clogged by fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, but not by the trisaccharide, raffinose, C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>16</sub>, containing the same number of carbon atoms.</p>
<p>Explain why raffinose is far more water soluble than linoleic acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Solid fat triglycerides can also clog kitchen sink drains.</p>
<p>Explain how sodium hydroxide unblocks the drain.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates determine the energy content of foods.</p>
<p><br>Explain why linoleic acid, C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, is a more efficient energy storage molecule than raffinose, C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>16</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Triglycerides:</em><br>organic acid/fatty acid and glycerol/propane-1,2,3-triol</p>
<p><em><strong>AND</strong></em></p>
<p><em>Carbohydrates:</em><br>monosaccharides</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept simple sugars.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«water/aqueous solubility depends on forming many» H-bonds with water</p>
<p>raffinose has many hydroxyl/O–H/oxygen atoms/O «and forms many H-bonds» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>linoleic acid has few/one hydroxyl/O–H/oxygen atom/O/carboxyl group/ COOH/is largely non-polar «and cannot form many H-bonds»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept statement which implies comparison.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«base» hydrolysis/saponification<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«produces glycerol and» soap/salt of the «fatty» acid</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>«products are» water soluble «and drain away»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept condensed formulas.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept non-balanced equation.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “RCOONa”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>linoleic acid/C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>2</sub> combustion/oxidation more exothermic «per mol»</p>
<p>linoleic acid/C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has lower proportion/number of O atoms<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>linoleic acid/C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>32</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is less oxidized</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Peptidase enzyme in the digestive system hydrolyses peptide bonds.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>A tripeptide Ala-Asp-Lys was hydrolysed and electrophoresis of the mixture of the&nbsp;amino acids was carried out at a pH of 6.0. Refer to section 33 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of metabolic process that occurs in the hydrolysis of the peptide during digestion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the <strong>name</strong> of the amino acid that does not move under the influence of the applied voltage.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving a reason, which amino acid will develop closest to the negative electrode.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The breakdown of a dipeptide in the presence of peptidase was investigated between 18 °C and 43 °C. The results are shown below.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>Comment on the rate of reaction at temperature <strong>X</strong> in terms of the enzyme’s active site.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The solubility of a vitamin depends on its structure.</p>
<p>Identify the vitamin given in section 35 of the data booklet that is the most soluble in water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Pollution from heavy metal ions has become a health concern.</p>
<p>Outline how the presence of heavy metal ions decreases the action of enzymes.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how lead ions could be removed from an individual suffering from lead poisoning.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>catabolism/catabolic</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>alanine</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept ala.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Lys/lysine</p>
<p>pH «buffer» &lt; p<em>I</em> «<em>Lys</em>»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>buffer more acidic than Lys «at isoelectric point»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«Lys» exists as <img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>«Lys» charged positively/has +1/1+ «overall» charge «and moves to negative electrode»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> apply ECF from M1.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept converse argument.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “has H<sub>3</sub>N<sup>+</sup> group” for M2 (as H<sub>3</sub>N<sup>+</sup> is also present in zwitterion).</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if COOH is given in the structure of lysine at pH 6 instead of COO<sup>–</sup>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>highest frequency of successful collisions between active site and substrate<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>highest frequency of collisions between active site and substrate with sufficient energy/<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="E \geqslant {E_{\text{a}}}">
  <mi>E</mi>
  <mo>⩾</mo>
  <mrow>
    <msub>
      <mi>E</mi>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>a</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </msub>
  </mrow>
</math></span> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>correct orientation/conformation<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>optimal shape/conformation of the active site «that matches the substrate»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>best ability of the active site to bind «to the substrate»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “number of collisions per unit time” for “frequency”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “all active sites are occupied”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ascorbic acid/vitamin C</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>react/bind/chelate with enzyme<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>disrupt ionic salt bridges<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>affect shape of tertiary/quaternary structures<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>precipitate enzymes<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>break/disrupt disulfide bridges/bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “changes shape of active site” by itself.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«use of» host-guest chemistry<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>chelation «therapy»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept specific medication/chelating agent such as EDTA, CaNa<sub>2</sub> EDTA, succimer, D-penicillamine, dimercaprol.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The structures of the amino acids cysteine, glutamine and lysine are given in section 33 of&nbsp;the data booklet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the dipeptide Cys-Lys.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of bond between two cysteine residues in the tertiary structure of a protein.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the predominant form of cysteine at pH 1.0.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A mixture of the three amino acids, cysteine, glutamine and lysine, was placed in the centre of a square plate covered in polyacrylamide gel. The gel was saturated with a buffer solution of pH 6.0. Electrodes were connected to opposite sides of the gel and a potential difference was applied.</p>
<p>Sketch lines on the diagram to show the relative positions of the three amino acids after electrophoresis.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-25_om_18.00.55.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ2/02.d"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>correct order </p>
<p>amide link</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept CO–NH but <strong>not</strong> CO–HN for amide link.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize incorrect bond linkages or missing hydrogens once only in 7 (a) and 7 (c).</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>covalent</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “S-S/disulfide”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize incorrect bond linkages or missing hydrogens once only in 7 (a) and 7 (c).</em></p>
<p><strong><em> [1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Cys and Gln move to positive electrode <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>Lys to negative electrode</p>
<p>Cys further to positive electrode than Gln</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if lines are omitted or if different markings are given (eg, spots etc.), as long as relative positions are correctly indicated.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept Gln on original position indicated.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for reverse order of amino acids.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A chemical reaction occurs when a phospholipid is heated with excess sodium hydroxide.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Glycerol is one product of the reaction. Identify the two other organic products.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of reaction which occurs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>31</sub>COONa </p>
<p>[(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH]OH</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “NaC<sub>17</sub>H<sub>31</sub>COO”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N<sup>+</sup>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH <strong>OR </strong>[(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH]<sup>+</sup>” if positive charge is shown.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept suitable names (eg, sodium linoleate, choline hydroxide etc.) <strong>OR </strong>correct molecular formulas.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrolysis</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “nucleophilic substitution/displacement / S<sub>N</sub>/S<sub>N</sub>2 /saponification”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “acid hydrolysis”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Sunflower oil contains stearic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids. The structural formulas of these&nbsp;acids are given in section 34 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain which one of these fatty acids has the highest boiling point.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>10.0 g of sunflower oil reacts completely with 123 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.500 mol<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
  <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>dm<sup>–3</sup> iodine solution. Calculate the iodine number of sunflower oil to the nearest whole number.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>stearic acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>chain has no kinks/more regular structure<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>stearic acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>it has straight chain<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>stearic acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>no C=C/carbon to carbon double bonds<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>stearic acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>saturated<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>stearic acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>chains pack more closely together</p>
<p>stronger London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces «between molecules»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “stearic acid <strong>AND</strong> greater surface area/electron density”.</em></p>
<p><em>M2 can only be scored if stearic acid is correctly identified.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “stronger intermolecular/van der Waals’/vdW forces”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«n(I<sub>2</sub>) = 0.123 dm<sup>3</sup> x 0.500 mol<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
  <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>dm<sup>–3</sup> =» 0.0615 «mol»</p>
<p>«m(I<sub>2</sub>) = 0.0615 mol x 253.8 g<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
  <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup> =» 15.6 «g»</p>
<p>«iodine number <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" = \frac{{15.6{\text{ g}} \times 100}}{{10.0{\text{ g}}}}">
  <mo>=</mo>
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>15.6</mn>
      <mrow>
        <mtext> g</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mo>×</mo>
      <mn>100</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>10.0</mn>
      <mrow>
        <mtext> g</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span>» = 156</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Iodine number must be a whole number.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for 78.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Monosaccharides can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the functional groups which are present in only one structure of glucose.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sucrose is a disaccharide formed from <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\alpha ">
  <mi>α</mi>
</math></span>-glucose and β-fructose.</p>
<p>Deduce the structural formula of sucrose.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Starch is a constituent of many plastics. Suggest <strong>one</strong> reason for including starch in plastics.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> of the challenges scientists face when scaling up the synthesis of a new compound.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Only in straight chain form:<br></em>carbonyl<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>aldehyde</p>
<p><em>Only in ring structure:</em><br>hemiacetal</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept functional group abbreviations (eg, CHO etc.). </em></p>
<p><em>Accept “ether”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>correct link between the two monosaccharides</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Correct 1,4 beta link <strong>AND</strong> all bonds on the 2 carbons in the link required for mark.</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore any errors in the rest of the structure.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize extra atoms on carbons in link.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>plastic «more» biodegradable/degrades into nontoxic products<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>plastic can be produced using green technology/renewable resource<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>reduces fossil fuel use/petrochemicals<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>easily plasticized<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>used to form thermoplasts</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>minimize «negative» impact on environment<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>minimize waste produced<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>consider atom economy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>efficiency of synthetic process<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>problems of side reactions/lower yields<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>control temperature «inside large reactors»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>availability of starting/raw materials<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>minimize energy costs<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>value for money/cost effectiveness/cost of production</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Consider the following lipid and carbohydrate.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>In order to determine the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in a molecule of&nbsp;linoleic acid, 1.24 g of the lipid were dissolved in 10.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of non-polar solvent.</p>
<p>The solution was titrated with a 0.300 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> solution of iodine, I<sub>2</sub>.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the empirical formula of linoleic acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The empirical formula of fructose is CH<sub>2</sub>O. Suggest why linoleic acid releases more energy per gram than fructose.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction occurring during the titration.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the volume of iodine solution used to reach the end-point. </p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the importance of linoleic acid for human health.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>16</sub>O</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ratio of oxygen to carbon in linoleic acid lower</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>linoleic acid less oxidized</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>linoleic acid more reduced</p>
<p><em>Accept “«average» oxidation state of carbon in linoleic acid is lower”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«electrophilic» addition/A<sub>E</sub></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>oxidation–reduction/redox</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1.24\,{\text{g}}}}{{280.50\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>1.24</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>g</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>280.50</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>g</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>mo</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>l</mtext>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mo>−</mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =» 0.00442 «mol»</p>
<p>0.00884 mol of C=C</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>ratio of linoleic acid : iodine = 1:2</p>
<p>«volume of I<sub>2</sub> solution = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{0.00884\,{\text{mol}}}}{{0.300\,{\text{mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>0.00884</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>mol</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>0.300</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>mol</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>d</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>m</mtext>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mo>−</mo>
            <mn>3</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =» 0.0295 «dm<sup>3</sup>» / 29.5 «cm<sup>3</sup>»</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>increases «ratio of» HDL «to LDL» cholesterol</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>decreases LDL cholesterol «level»</p>
<p>removes plaque from/unblocks arteries</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>decreases risk of heart disease</p>
<p>decreases risk of stroke «in the brain»</p>
<p><em>Accept "essential fatty acid".</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “bad cholesterol” for “LDL cholesterol” <strong>OR</strong> “good cholesterol” for “HDL cholesterol”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept general answers such as “source of energy” <strong>OR</strong> “forms triglycerides” <strong>OR</strong> “regulates permeability of cell membranes” etc.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[Max 2 Marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the condensation reaction of the monosaccharides&nbsp;galactose and glucose.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe what is meant by a condensation reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structure of galactose on the skeleton provided.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how the inclusion of carbohydrates in plastics makes them biodegradable.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«reaction in which» two reactants/molecules/functional groups bond/react «to form a larger molecule/single main product»</p>
<p>small/tiny molecule</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>H<sub>2</sub>O formed</p>
<p><em>Accept formula or name of a specified small molecule other than water such as ammonia, ethanoic/acetic acid,</em><br><em>ethanol, hydrogen sulfide etc. for M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “molecule formed”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for an example giving an equation of a condensation reaction such as the formation of a disaccharide.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p><em>Accept “alpha” or “beta” form of galactose.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>makes the plastic more hydrophilic/water soluble</p>
<p>carbohydrates are broken down/hydrolysed by bacteria/microorganisms</p>
<p>makes plastic more accessible to bacteria as holes/channels are created</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>plastic of lower density is more permeable/susceptible to water/oxygen/heat/pressure</p>
<p>weakens intermolecular/London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces «between polymer chains in the plastic»</p>
<p><em>Accept “van der Waals/vdW” for “London” forces.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[Max 2 Marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Vitamins can be water-soluble or fat-soluble.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain, at the molecular level, why vitamin D is soluble in fats. Use section 35 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>one</strong> function of vitamin D in the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«mainly» hydrocarbon/non-polar «structure»</p>
<p>forms London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces «with fats»</p>
<p><em>Accept “forms van der Waals’/vdW forces”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for “contains only one OH/hydroxyl <strong>AND</strong> cannot form «enough» H-bonds”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>helps absorb calcium<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>helps build bones<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>helps keep bones healthy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>helps block the release of parathyroid hormone<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>helps in muscle function<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>helps immune system function<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>cell growth<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>reduction of inflammation<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>protection from osteoporosis<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>prevents rickets</p>
<p><em>Accept helps prevent colon/breast/prostate cancer.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept treat/prevent diabetes/heart disease/high blood pressure/multiple sclerosis.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other correct answers.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Polymers of α-glucose include the disaccharide maltose and the polysaccharide amylose,&nbsp;a type of starch. The cyclic structure of α-glucose is shown in section 34 of the data&nbsp;booklet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the specific type of linkage formed between α-glucose fragments in both maltose and amylose.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A person with diabetes suffering very low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) may be advised to consume glucose immediately and then eat a small amount of starchy food such as a sandwich. Explain this advice in terms of the properties of glucose and starch.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>α-1,4-<strong>»</strong>glycosidic</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>α-1,4-</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>glycoside.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “ether”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Glucose:</em></p>
<p>readily passes through intestine wall/dissolves in blood</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>is immediately available for energy/respiration</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>transported rapidly around body</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Starch:</em></p>
<p>must be hydrolysed/broken down <strong>«</strong>into smaller molecules<strong>» </strong>first</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Explain the solubility of vitamins A and C using section 35 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><em>Vitamin A:</em></p>
<p>fat soluble/soluble in non-polar solvents <strong><em>AND </em></strong>non-polar/long hydrocarbon backbone/chain</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Vitamin C:</em></p>
<p>water soluble <strong><em>AND </em></strong>contains 4 hydroxyl groups/contains many hydroxyl groups/forms <strong>«</strong>many<strong>» </strong>H-bonds with water</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “Vitamin A: fat soluble/soluble in </em><em>non-polar solvents as it contains only </em><em>one hydroxyl group whose H-bonds with </em><em>water are not strong enough to </em><em>overcome London/dispersion/vdW </em><em>forces between Vitamin A molecules”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “lipid” for “fats”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“hydroxy” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“OH </em><em>groups” for “hydroxyl” but </em><strong><em>not</em></strong><em> “hydroxide”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for “Vitamin A: fat </em><em>soluble </em><strong><em>AND </em></strong><em>Vitamin C: water soluble” </em><em>with no or incomplete explanation.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lipids provide energy and are an important part of a balanced diet.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of chemical reaction that occurs between fatty acids and glycerol to form lipids and the by-product of the reaction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid found in peanut oil.</p>
<p>Determine the number of carbon–carbon double bonds present if the iodine number for the compound is 334. (Arachidonic acid <em>M</em><sub>r</sub> = 304.5)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structure of the lipid formed by the reaction between lauric acid and glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) using section 34 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline <strong>one </strong>impact food labelling has had on the consumption of foods containing different types of lipids.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine, to the correct number of significant figures, the energy produced by the respiration of 29.9 g of C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.</p>
<p>Δ<em>H</em><sub><em>c </em></sub>(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) = 205.9 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why lipids provide more energy than carbohydrates and proteins.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Type of reaction:</em></p>
<p>condensation</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>esterification/triesterification</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>nucleophilic substitution/nucleophilic displacement/S<sub>N</sub>2</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>By-product:</em></p>
<p>water/H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept just </em><em>“substitution/displacement”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong><em>ALTERNATIVE 1</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{334}}{{253.8}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>334</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>253.8</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =<strong>»</strong> 1.32 <strong><em>AND </em></strong><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{100}}{{304.5}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>100</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>304.5</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =<strong>» </strong>0.328</p>
<p><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1.32}}{{0.328}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>1.32</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>0.328</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> ≈<strong>» </strong>4</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong><em>ALTERNATIVE 2</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>334 × <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{304.5}}{{100}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>304.5</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>100</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> ≈<strong>» </strong>1017</p>
<p><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1017}}{{253.8}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>1017</mn>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>253.8</mn>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> ≈<strong>» </strong>4</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_13.46.59.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ2/06.c/M"></p>
<p>glycerol backbone</p>
<p>ester formula <strong><em>AND </em></strong>linkage</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept a skeletal structure.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens or </em><em>incorrect bond connectivities once </em><em>only in Option B.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept condensed formula for ester.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>has affected consumption of <em>trans</em>-fats/<em>cis</em>-fats/saturated fats/unsaturated fats/hydrogenated/artificially altered fats</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>reduce/eliminate <em>trans</em>-fats/increase in <em>cis</em>-fats</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>reduce/eliminate saturated fats</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>increase unsaturated fats</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “decrease in fat” alone.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “lipid” for “fats”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{29.9{\text{ g}}}}{{150.15{\text{ g mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>29.9</mn>
      <mrow>
        <mtext> g</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>150.15</mn>
      <mrow>
        <mtext> g mo</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>l</mtext>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mo>−</mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =<strong>» </strong>0.199 <strong>«</strong>mol<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>0.199 mol × 205.9 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> =<strong>» </strong>41.0 <strong>«</strong>kJ<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Ignore significant figures in M1.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for incorrect significant </em><em>figures in final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ratio of oxygen to carbon in lipids lower</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>lipids less oxidized</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>lipids more reduced</p>
<p> </p>
<p>more energy per mass/g released when lipids are oxidized</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “</em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>average</em><strong><em>» </em></strong><em>oxidation number of </em><em>carbon in linoleic acid is lower” for M1.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Saturated lipids found in butter and unsaturated lipids found in fish oil readily become rancid.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of rancidity occurring in saturated lipids and the structural feature that causes it.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State one factor that increases the rate at which saturated lipids become rancid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Butter contains varying proportions of oleic, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids. Explain in terms of their structures why stearic acid has a higher melting point than oleic acid, using section 34 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Fish oil is an excellent dietary source of omega-3 fatty acids. Outline <strong>one </strong>impact on health of consuming omega-3 fatty acids.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the solubility of retinol (vitamin A) in body fat, giving a reason. Use section 35 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why sharks and swordfish sometimes contain high concentrations of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Plastics are another source of marine pollution. Outline one way in which plastics can be made more biodegradable.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrolytic <strong>«</strong>rancidity<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>ester group</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept a formula for ester group.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>presence of<strong>» </strong>moisture/water</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>increase in<strong>» </strong>temperature</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>presence of<strong>» </strong>enzymes/bacteria/fungi/mould</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>low pH/<strong>«</strong>presence of<strong>» </strong>acid</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “heat”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>stearic acid<strong>» </strong>straight chain/chain has no kinks/more regular structure</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>stearic acid<strong>» </strong>saturated/no <strong>«</strong>carbon–carbon<strong>» </strong>double bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>«</strong>stearic acid<strong>» </strong>chains pack more closely together</p>
<p>stronger London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces <strong>«</strong>between molecules<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “</em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>stearic acid</em><strong><em>» </em></strong><em>greater surface </em><em>area/electron density”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>lowers risk of heart disease/atherosclerosis</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>lowers LDL cholesterol</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>increases HDL cholesterol</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>aids brain/neurological development <strong>«</strong>in children<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>relieves rheumatoid arthritis</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>soluble <strong><em>AND </em></strong>non-polar hydrocarbon chain</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept as reasons “</em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>predominantly</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em> non-polar” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“long hydrocarbon </em><em>chain”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>not biodegradable</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>stored/accumulate in fat</p>
<p> </p>
<p>biomagnification occurs</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>concentration increases along food chain</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “stored/accumulate in bodies of </em><em>prey/animals eaten”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “not excreted”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>add starch/cellulose/carbohydrates/additives/catalysts <strong>«</strong>to plastic during manufacture to allow digestion by micro-organisms<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>replace traditional plastics with polylactic acid/PLA-based ones</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>blend traditional and polylactic acid/PLA-based plastics</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept reference to biodegradable </em><em>plastics other than PLA; for example </em><em>polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), </em><em>poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), </em><em>polybutylene adipate terephthalate </em><em>(PBAT) and polycaprolactone (PCL).</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. It was determined that the end of one chain&nbsp;had the primary structure Phe–Val–Asn–Gln.</p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p>Paper chromatography can be used to identify the amino acids in insulin.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structural formula of a dipeptide containing the residues of valine, Val, and asparagine, Asn, using section 33 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the strongest intermolecular forces that would occur between the following amino acid residues in a protein chain.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the name of the process used to break down the insulin protein into its constituent amino acids.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how the amino acids may be identified from a paper chromatogram.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_18.08.31.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/06.a/M"></p>
<p>correct structures of Val <strong><em>AND </em></strong>Asn</p>
<p>correct amide link</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Phenylalanine and valine:</em></p>
<p>London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>permanent dipole-induced dipole <strong>«</strong>interactions<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Glutamine and asparagine:</em></p>
<p>hydrogen bonds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept dipole-dipole interactions.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrolysis</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>compare R<sub>f</sub> with known amino acids</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>compare distance moved with known amino acids</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “from R</em><sub><em>f</em></sub><em>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lipids play several roles in our bodies.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A phospholipid generally consists of two hydrophobic fatty acids and a hydrophilic group.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>Fatty acids are products of the acidic hydrolysis of phospholipids. Deduce the names of the other two products.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The iodine number is the maximum mass of iodine that reacts with 100 g of an unsaturated compound.</p>
<p>Determine the iodine number of stearidonic acid, C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>27</sub>COOH.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>two</strong> functions of lipids in the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline one effect of increased levels of low-density lipoproteins in the blood.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>phosphoric acid ✔</p>
<p>glycerol/propane-1,2,3-triol ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept formulas.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></em></p>
<p>4 C=C bonds/4 carbon to carbon double bonds ✔</p>
<p>mass of iodine per mole of acid = «4 × 253.80 g mol<sup>–1</sup> =» 1015.2 «g mol<sup>–1</sup>» ✔</p>
<p>iodine number «= <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{1015.2\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{-1}}}}{{276.46\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{-1}}}} \times 100">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>1015.2</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>g</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>mo</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>l</mtext>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mo>−</mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>276.46</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>g</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>mo</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>l</mtext>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mo>−</mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <mo>×</mo>
  <mn>100</mn>
</math></span>» = 367 ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></em></p>
<p>4 C=C bonds/4 carbon to carbon double bonds ✔</p>
<p>«<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{100\,{\text{g}}}}{{276.46\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{-1}}}} \times 4">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>100</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>g</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mn>276.46</mn>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>g</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>mo</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <msup>
          <mrow>
            <mtext>l</mtext>
          </mrow>
          <mrow>
            <mo>−</mo>
            <mn>1</mn>
          </mrow>
        </msup>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
  <mo>×</mo>
  <mn>4</mn>
</math></span> =» 1.447 mol of <strong>I</strong><sub>2</sub> «reacts with 100 g» ✔</p>
<p>iodine number «= 1.447 mol × 253.80 g mol<sup>–1</sup>» = 367 ✔<br><br></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>«structural» components of cell membranes ✔</p>
<p>energy storage/utilization ✔</p>
<p>«thermal/electrical» insulation ✔</p>
<p>transport «of lipid-soluble molecules» ✔</p>
<p>hormones/chemical messengers ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept other specific functions, such as “prostaglandin/cytokine/bile acid synthesis”, “cell differentiation/growth”, “myelination”, “storage of vitamins/biomolecules”, “signal transmission”, “protection/padding of organs”, “precursors/starting materials for the biosynthesis of other lipid”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>atherosclerosis/cholesterol deposition «in artery walls» ✔</p>
<p>heart/cardiovascular disease ✔</p>
<p>stroke ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “arteries become blocked/walls become thicker”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Dietary recommendations are made by scientists.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The formation of proteins from amino acids is an example of an anabolic reaction in the human body.</p>
<p>State the source of energy for such a synthetic reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why it is advisable for those living in northerly or southerly latitudes (that is away from the equator) to take vitamin D supplements during the winter.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how a xenobiotic is biomagnified.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>catabolism «of food/nutrients»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>«cellular» respiration ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “ATP” but <strong>not</strong> “burning of food/nutrients”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>not enough sunlight/UV light «for synthesis of vitamin D in the skin» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>cannot be metabolized/broken down</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>not biodegradable</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>accumulates in lipid/fat tissues ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>increased concentration as one species feeds on another «in the food chain» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lactose, found in milk and dairy products, is a disaccharide formed from two different&nbsp;monosaccharides. The structure of lactose is shown with numbered carbon atoms.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Name the type of link between the two monosaccharide residues.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how the two monomer structures, galactose and glucose, differ.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«1,4-»glycosidic ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “glucosidic”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>H and OH are reversed/in different positions on C-4 ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>C-4 must be specified.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize if reference is made to H and OH above and below ring/in alpha and beta positions on C-4 incorrectly.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Suggest, in terms of its structure, why vitamin D is fat-soluble using section 35 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>«mostly» non-polar<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>hydrocarbon backbone<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>only 1 hydroxyl «group so mostly non-polar»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl” but <strong>not</strong> “hydroxide”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Enzyme activity depends on many factors. Explain how pH change causes loss of activity of an enzyme.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>conformation/shape altered</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>active site altered</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>tertiary structure altered</p>
<p>acidic/basic/ionizable/COOH/carboxyl/NH<sub>2</sub>/amino groups in the R groups/side chains «react»</p>
<p>exchange/lose/gain protons/H<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>ionic/H-bonds altered</p>
<p><em>Accept “substrate doesn't fit/fits poorly into active site” <strong>OR</strong> “enzyme denatures” for M1 but <strong>not</strong> “affects potential of</em><br><em>enzyme to form complex with substrate”.</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the dipeptide represented by the formula Ala-Gly using section 33 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the number of <sup>1</sup>H NMR signals produced by the zwitterion form of alanine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why amino acids have high melting points.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_13.57.39.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ2/07.a/M"></p>
<p>peptide bond</p>
<p>order of amino acids</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept zwitterion form of dipeptide.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept a condensed structural formula </em><em>or a skeletal structure.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens or incorrect </em><em>bond connectivities once only in Option </em><em>B.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>3</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>form zwitterions</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>«</strong>strong<strong>» </strong>ionic bonding</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>strong<strong>» </strong>ionic lattice</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>strong<strong>» </strong>electrostatic attraction/forces</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept hydrogen bonding or </em><em>IMFs for M2.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Starch is a natural polymer of glucose.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of the repeating unit of starch and state the type of linkage formed between these units.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="188" height="124"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Type of linkage:</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Formulate the equation for the complete hydrolysis of a starch molecule, (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>n</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the energy released, in kJ g<sup>−1</sup>, when 3.49 g of starch are completely combusted in a calorimeter, increasing the temperature of 975 g of water from 21.0 °C to 36.0 °C. Use section 1 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain how the inclusion of starch in plastics makes them biodegradable.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="154" height="154"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">continuation bonds <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>-O- attached to just one end <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>both H-atoms on end carbons must be on the same side  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Square brackets not required. <br></span></em><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ignore “n” if given. <br></span></em><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Mark may be awarded if a polymer is </span></em><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">shown but with the repeating unit clearly </span></em><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">identified.</span></em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Type of linkage</em>:<br>glycosidic  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept “ether”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">(C</span><sub style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">6</sub><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">H</span><sub style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">10</sub><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">O</span><sub style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">5</sub><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">)</span><sub style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 11.6px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">n</sub><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(s) + <em>n</em>H<sub>2</sub>O (l) → <em>n</em>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (aq)  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept “(n-1)H<sub>2</sub>O”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> award mark if “n” not included.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>q</em> = «<em>mcΔT</em> = 975 g × 4.18 J g<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup> × 15.0 K =» 61 100 «J» / 61.1 «kJ»   <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«heat per gram= <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{61.1{\text{ kJ}}}}{{{\text{3}}{\text{.49 g}}}}">
  <mfrac>
    <mrow>
      <mn>61.1</mn>
      <mrow>
        <mtext> kJ</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
    <mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>3</mtext>
      </mrow>
      <mrow>
        <mtext>.49 g</mtext>
      </mrow>
    </mrow>
  </mfrac>
</math></span> =» 17.5 «kJ g<sup>–1</sup>»  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any two of:</em><br>carbohydrate grains swell/break plastic into smaller pieces  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">inclusion of carbohydrate makes the plastic more hydrophilic/water soluble <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">carbohydrates are broken down/hydrolysed/digested by bacteria/micro-organisms <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">plastic becomes more accessible to bacteria as holes/channels are created in it <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«presence of» carbohydrate weakens intermolecular/London/dispersion forces between polymer chains in the plastic <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Accept “starch” for “carbohydrate” throughout. Do <strong>not</strong> accept carbohydrates are broken down/hydrolyzed.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Hardly any students were able to draw the required repeating unit, but in contrast almost all knew that the monomers were joined by a glycosidic linkage.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>It was very unusual to find a candidate who could give a correct equation for starch hydrolysis.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Nearly half the students correctly calculated the enthalpy change and some of these went on to find the value in kJ g<sup>-1</sup>. The most common mistakes were to use the mass of starch rather than the mass of water and adding 273 to the temperature change.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Whilst many could quote from 7b, that starch undergoes hydrolysis, very few linked this to a biochemical mechanism. Other factors, relating to the reduction of intermolecular forces between the polymer chains were also rarely encountered.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The main fatty acid composition of cocoa butter and coconut oil is detailed below.</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="798" height="290"></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The melting points of cocoa butter and coconut oil are 34 °C and 25 °C respectively.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain this in terms of their saturated fatty acid composition.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Fats contain triglycerides that are esters of glycerol and fatty acids. Deduce an equation for the acid hydrolysis of the following triglyceride.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="237" height="185"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The addition of partially hydrogenated cocoa butter to chocolate increases its melting point and the content of <em>trans</em>-fatty acids (<em>trans</em>-fats).</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline <strong>two</strong> effects of <em>trans</em>-fatty acids on health.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">coconut oil has higher content of lauric/short-chain «saturated» fatty acids <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> cocoa butter has higher content of stearic/palmitic/longer chain «saturated» fatty acids <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> longer chain fatty acids have greater surface area/larger electron cloud  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> stronger London/dispersion/instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces «between triglycerides of longer chain saturated fatty acids»  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Do <strong>not</strong> accept arguments that relate to the melting points of saturated and unsaturated fats.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="465" height="239"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">correct products  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">correctly balanced  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any two of</em>:<br>«increased risk of» coronary/heart disease  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> «increased risk of» stroke <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«increased risk of» atherosclerosis <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> «increased risk of type-2» diabetes <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">increase in LDL cholesterol <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> decrease in HDL cholesterol <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«increased risk of» obesity <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</span></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A classic instance of candidates answering the question they thought (or hoped?) they had been asked rather than the one that was asked. Almost all answers referred to the differing amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids present, totally ignoring the fact that the question clearly&nbsp;stated “<em>their saturated fatty acid composition</em>”, where the relative lengths of the chains was the key point. Nevertheless some who went on to discuss the nature of the intermolecular forces between the chains gained some credit.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>A disappointingly small number of candidates gained any marks for deducing the equation for the hydrolysis of the given lipid.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Almost all students were aware of negative health effects of <em>trans</em>-fats, though quite a few lost marks by just stating “<em>cholesterol</em>” without specifying HDL or LDL.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Aspartame is a derivative of a dipeptide formed between two amino acids, phenylalanine (Phe) and aspartic acid (Asp).</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw a circle around the functional group formed between the amino acids and state its name.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="327" height="171"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Name: </span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A mixture of phenylalanine and aspartic acid is separated by gel electrophoresis with a buffer of pH = 5.5.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce their relative positions after electrophoresis, annotating them on the diagram. Use section 33 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="585" height="206"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="322" height="178"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Name</em>:<br>amide/amido/carboxamide  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept “peptide bond/linkage”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="538" height="181"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Phe</em>: must be on the origin  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Asp</em>: any position on the left/anode/+ side  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates correctly circled the bond between the amino acid residues, though in some cases their circle missed out key atoms. Many correctly identified it as a peptide or amide linkage.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates seemed to realise that phenylalanine would be neutral and hence unaffected by the field, but many failed to realise that the negative charge of the aspartic acid anion would cause it to move to the left, not the right.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Proteins have structural or enzyme functions.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Oil spills are a major environmental problem.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Some proteins form an α-helix. State the name of another secondary protein structure.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i) .</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Compare and contrast the bonding responsible for the two secondary structures.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One similarity:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One difference:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why an increase in temperature reduces the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest <strong>two</strong> reasons why oil decomposes faster at the surface of the ocean than at greater depth.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Oil spills can be treated with an enzyme mixture to speed up decomposition.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline <strong>one</strong> factor to be considered when assessing the greenness of an enzyme mixture.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>β<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">/beta pleated/sheet  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i) .</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>One similarity</em>: <br>hydrogen bonding <br><strong>OR</strong> <br>attractions between C=O and N–H  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>One difference</em>:<br>α-helix has hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues that are closer than β-pleated sheet<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>H-bonds in α-helix parallel to helix axis <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>perpendicular to sheet in β-pleated sheet<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">α</span>-helix has one strand <em><strong>AND</strong> <span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">β</span></em>-pleated sheet has two «or more» strands<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">α</span>-helix is more elastic «since H-bonds can be broken easily» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">β</span>-pleated sheet is less elastic «since H-bonds are difficult to break»  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Accept a diagram which shows hydrogen bonding between O of C=O and H of NH groups for M1. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “between carbonyl/amido/amide/carboxamide” but not “between amino/amine” for M1.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">enzyme denatured/loss of 3-D structure/conformational change<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«interactions responsible for» tertiary/quaternary structures altered <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">shape of active site changes<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>fewer substrate molecules fit into active sites  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any two of:</em><br>surface water is warmer «so faster reaction rate»/more light/energy from the sun <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">more oxygen «for aerobic bacteria/oxidation of oil» <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">greater surface area <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any one of:</em><br>non-hazardous/toxic to the environment/living organisms <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">energy requirements «during production» <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">quantity/type of waste produced «during production»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>atom economy  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">safety of process  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Accept “use of solvents/toxic materials «during production»”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> accept “more steps involved”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was quite well answered with many scoring the mark although there were quite a few incorrect responses that answered “beta-helix” rather than “beta-pleated sheet”.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i) .</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>The similarity in bonding between the 2 types of secondary structures was answered well but the difference was not. Most students were not descriptive enough to receive the second mark or simply repeated the idea of proteins containing an alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets rather than describing something different about them.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was another question where most candidates received one mark for identifying that the enzyme will denature with an increase in temperature. However, many candidates did not continue with the explanation of the active site shape changing or substrate molecules not longer fitting into the active site.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>While many candidates did receive two marks for this question some candidates only suggested one reason or repeated the same reason (for example - heat and energy from the sun) even though the question clearly asked for two reasons.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Students tend to struggle with these questions and end up giving journalistic or vague answers that cannot be awarded marks. It is important for teachers to instruct students to give more specific answers directly related to the topics presented.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Phosphatidylcholine is an example of a phospholipid found in lecithin.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Phosphatidylcholine may be formed from propane-1,2,3-triol, two lauric acid molecules, phosphoric acid and the choline cation.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="698" height="97"></span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the structural formula of phosphatidylcholine.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="77" height="162"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the type of reaction in (a).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Lecithin is a major component of cell membranes. Describe the structure of a cell membrane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving a reason, the relative energy density of a carbohydrate and a lipid of similar molar mass.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Lecithin aids the body’s absorption of vitamin E.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="492" height="153"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest why vitamin E is fat-soluble.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Phospholipids are also found in lipoprotein structures.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe <strong>two</strong> effects of increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on health.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="398" height="259"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">phosphodiester correctly drawn  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">both ester groups correctly drawn <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Accept protonated phosphate. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept phosphodiester in centre position.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">condensation <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note</strong>: Accept “esterification”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “nucleophilic substitution/S<sub>N</sub>”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">phospholipid bilayer/double layer<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>two layers of phospholipids  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> polar/hydrophilic heads facing aqueous environment <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>non-polar/hydrophobic tails facing away from aqueous environment  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Award <strong>[2]</strong> for a suitably labelled diagram.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for a correct but unlabelled diagram. </span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Accept “polar/hydrophilic heads on outside <strong>AND</strong> non-polar/hydrophobic tails on inside for M2.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">carbohydrates less energy dense <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>carbohydrates higher ratio of oxygen to carbon/more oxidized/less reduced  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">long non-polar/hydrocarbon chain «and only one hydroxyl group»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>forms London/dispersion/van der Waals/vdW interactions with fat  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Accept “alcohol/hydroxy/OH” for “hydroxyl” but <strong>not</strong> “hydroxide”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">atherosclerosis/cholesterol deposition «in artery walls»  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">increases risk of heart attack/stroke/cardiovascular disease/CHD  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> Note:</strong> Accept “arteries become blocked/walls become thicker”, “increases blood pressure”, or “blood clots”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> accept “high cholesterol”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was very poorly answered. Although the phosphodiester was a challenging mark it could be awarded in both the protonated and deprotonated form. The two esters should have been much more straight forward mark, and both were required to receive the second mark. Students struggled with proper structural drawings for both marks and many students simply left this question blank. The functional groups did need to be drawn out in their full structural form to receive the mark as indicated in the question.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was well answered.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was another one where the first mark was fairly well answered but the explanation or second mark was often not correct or complete.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was not well answered even though it has appeared on previous tests. In any cases the students did not give the relative energy density or the reason. It is important that candidates read question carefully and responds completely to each question as asked.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was also not answered well even though it has appeared on previous tests. Many students missed the idea of a long or large non-polar chain when describing the structure.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Students were required to state two effects of increased LDL. High cholesterol is not an accepted answer but still frequently seen. Many students also repeated similar answers that could not receive the same mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sucrose is a disaccharide.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="444" height="180"></span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the name of the functional group forming part of the ring structure of each monosaccharide unit.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sketch the cyclic structures of the two monosaccharides which combine to form sucrose.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="519" height="148"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">acetal<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>ether  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note: </strong>Accept “glycosidic bond/linkage” but <strong>not</strong> “glucosidic”.</span></em></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Do <strong>not</strong> accept “hemiacetal”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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">   <strong>[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔</span>]</strong></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">    <strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">✔</span>]</strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was reasonably answered although there were some students who responded with ester or hemiacetal which is incorrect.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question was very poorly answered. Many students lost marks due to sloppy drawing and incorrect bond linkages. Some students did not separate the two saccharides as instructed.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Enzymes are biological catalysts.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The graph shows the relationship between the temperature and the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="560" height="373"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State <strong>one</strong> reason for the decrease in rate above the optimum temperature.</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why a change in pH affects the tertiary structure of an enzyme in solution.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State <strong>one</strong> use of enzymes in reducing environmental problems.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">enzyme denatures<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>change of conformation/shape of active site<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>substrate cannot bind to active site/binds less efficiently ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “change in structure” or “substrate doesn't fit/fits poorly into active site”</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Any two of:</em><br>acidic/basic/ionizable/COOH/carboxyl/NH<sub>2</sub>/amino groups in the R groups/side chains «react» ✔<br>exchange/lose/gain protons/H<sup>+</sup> ✔<br>change in H-bonds/ionic interactions/intermolecular forces/London dispersion forces ✔</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br><em>NOTE: Do <strong>not</strong> accept “enzyme denatures” <strong>OR</strong> “change of conformation/tertiary structure” <strong>OR</strong> “substrate cannot bind to active site/binds less efficiently” as this was the answer to 8(a).</em></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">breakdown of oil spills/industrial/sewage waste/plastics<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>production of alternate sources of energy «such as bio diesel»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>involve less toxic chemical pathway «in industry» ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “«enzymes in» biological detergents can improve energy efficiency”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Vitamins are organic compounds essential in small amounts.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the name of <strong>one</strong> functional group common to all three vitamins shown in section 35 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain the biomagnification of the pesticide DDT.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why maltose, C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>11</sub>, is soluble in water.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">hydroxyl ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “hydroxy” but <strong>not</strong> “hydroxide”. <br>Accept “alkenyl”. <br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept formula.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">accumulates in fat/tissues/living organisms<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>cannot be metabolized/does not break down «in living organisms»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>not excreted / excreted «very» slowly ✔</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">passes «unchanged» up the food chain<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>increased concentration as one species feeds on another «up the food chain» ✔<br></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “lipids” for “fat”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«solubility depends on forming many» H-bonds with water ✔<br>maltose has many hydroxyl/OH/oxygen atom/O «and forms many H-bonds» ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Reference to “with water” required. <br>Accept “hydroxy” for “hydroxyl” but <strong>not</strong> “hydroxide/OH<sup>–</sup>”. <br>Reference to many/several OH groups/O atoms required for M2.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Aspartame is formed from the two amino acids aspartic acid (Asp) and phenylalanine (Phe).</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of the dipeptide Asp–Phe using section 33 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The isoelectric point of amino acids is the intermediate pH at which an amino acid is electrically neutral.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest why Asp and Phe have different isoelectric points.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="298" height="167"></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">amide link (<em>eg,</em> CONH) ✔</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">correct order and structures of amino acids ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> NOTE: Accept a skeletal formula or a full or condensed structural formula.<br>Accept zwitterion form of dipeptide.<br>Accept CO–NH but <strong>not</strong> CO–HN for amide link.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«Asp isoelectric point lower than Phe and » Phe has a neutral/hydrocarbon side chain ✔<br>Asp side chain contains −COOH/carboxyl ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> NOTE: Award<strong> [1 max]</strong> for “Asp has two carboxyl/−COOH groups and Phe has one carboxyl/−COOH group”.<br>Accept “Asp has an acidic side chain” for M2</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Stearic acid (<em>M</em><sub>r</sub> = 284.47) and oleic acid (<em>M</em><sub>r</sub> = 282.46) have the same number of carbon atoms. The structures of both lipids are shown in section 34 of the data booklet.</span></p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The iodine number is the number of grams of iodine which reacts with 100 g of fat. Calculate the iodine number of oleic acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State <strong>one</strong> impact on health of the increase in LDL cholesterol concentration in blood.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why stearic acid has a higher melting point than oleic acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State <strong>one</strong> similarity and <strong>one</strong> difference in composition between phospholipids and triglycerides.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Similarity:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Difference:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify a reagent that hydrolyses triglycerides.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«one C=C bond»<br>«1 mole iodine : 1 mole oleic acid»</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">« <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{100 \times 253.80}}{{282.46}}"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>253.80</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>282.46</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </math></span> =» 89.85 «g of I<sub>2</sub>» ✔</span></span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> NOTE: Accept “90 «g of I<sub>2</sub>»”.</span></span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">atherosclerosis/cholesterol deposition «in artery walls»/increases risk of heart attack/stroke/cardiovascular disease/CHD ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “arteries become blocked/walls become thicker”, “increases blood pressure”, <strong>OR</strong> “blood clots”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “high cholesterol” <strong>OR</strong> "obesity"</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">no kinks in chain/more regular structure<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>straight chain<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>no C=C/carbon to carbon double bonds<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>saturated<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>chains pack more closely together ✔<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>NOTE: Accept “greater surface area/electron density” for M1.</em><br></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">stronger London/dispersion/instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole forces «between molecules» ✔<br> </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>NOTE: Accept “stronger intermolecular/van der Waals’/vdW forces” for M2.</em><br></span></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Similarity:<br></em></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«derived from» propane-1,2,3-triol/glycerol/glycerin/glycerine<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> <em><strong>OR</strong> <br></em>«derived from» at least two fatty acids<br> <strong><em>OR<br></em></strong> contains ester linkages <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em> <br>long carbon chains ✔</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>NOTE:</em> <em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “two fatty acids as both a similarity and a difference”.</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “hydrocarbon/carbon chains”.</em><br></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>Difference</em>: <br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">phospholipids contain two fatty acids «condensed onto glycerol» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triglycerides three<br></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em> phospholipids contain phosphate/phosphato «group»/residue of phosphoric acid <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>triglycerides do not ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept “phospholipids contain phosphorus <strong>AND</strong> triglycerides do not". <br>Accept “phospholipids are amphiphilic <strong>AND</strong> triglycerides are not” <strong>OR</strong> “phospholipids have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads <strong>AND</strong> triglycerides do not”.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">«concentrated» NaOH (aq)/sodium hydroxide<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«concentrated» HCl (aq)/hydrochloric acid<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>enzymes/lipases ✔</span></p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">NOTE: Accept other strong acids or bases.</span></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ascorbic acid and retinol are two important vitamins.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why ascorbic acid is soluble in water and retinol is not. Use section 35 of the data booklet.</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>ascorbic acid:</em> many hydroxyl/OH groups <em><strong>AND</strong> retinol</em>: few/one hydroxyl/OH group<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><em>ascorbic acid</em>: many hydroxyl/OH groups <em><strong>AND</strong> retinol</em>: long hydrocarbon chain  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>ascorbic acid</em>: «many» H-bond with water<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><em>retinol</em>: cannot «sufficiently» H-bond with water  <strong>[✔]</strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>Note:</strong> Do <strong>not</strong> accept “OH<sup>−</sup>/hydroxide”.</span></em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Another instance where candidates insist on discussing water solubility in terms of polarity or hydrophilicity rather than its fundamental dependence on the presence of sufficient groups that can form hydrogen bonds to water. A few however gained a mark through pointing out the significance of the –OH groups in ascorbic acid and the long hydrocarbon chain in retinol.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Enzymes are mainly globular proteins.</p>
</div>

<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the interaction responsible for the secondary structure of a protein.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the action of an enzyme and state one of its limitations.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Enzymes are widely used in washing detergents. Outline how they improve the efficiency of the process.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrogen bonding ✔</p>
<p>between C=O and H–N «groups» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept a diagram which shows hydrogen bonding for M1 and which shows the interaction between O of C=O and H of NH groups for M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “between amido/amide/carboxamide” but <strong>not</strong> “between amino/amine” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Enzyme action:</em></p>
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>substrate binds to active site ✔</p>
<p>weakens bonds in substrate ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>lowers activation energy</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>provides alternate pathway ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>increases rate of reaction</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>acts as catalyst ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p>substrate specific ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Limitation:</em></p>
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>temperature dependent ✔</p>
<p>pH dependent ✔</p>
<p>can be sensitive to heavy metal ions ✔</p>
<p>sensitive to denaturation ✔</p>
<p>can be inhibited ✔</p>
<p>substrate specific ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “favourable orientation/conformation of the substrate «enforced by enzyme»” for M1.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “substrate specific” as both an enzyme action and a limitation.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>«increase rate of» hydrolyse/break down lipids/oils/fats/proteins ✔</p>
<p>«wash at» lower temperature/consume less energy ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Green Chemistry reduces the production of hazardous materials and chemical waste.</p>
<p>Outline <strong>two </strong>specific examples or technological processes of how Green Chemistry has accomplished this environmental impact.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>replaces plastics with biodegradable/starch/cellulose based plastics</p>
<p> </p>
<p>use enzymes instead of polluting detergents/phosphates</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>use of enzymes means lower temperatures can be used</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>use enzymes instead of emulsifiers to treat oil spills</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>use enzymes to produce esters at lower temperatures/without sulfuric acid</p>
<p> </p>
<p>replace organic/toxic solvents with carbon dioxide</p>
<p>replace polymers from fossil fuel with bamboo/renewable resources</p>
<p>develop paint resins reducing production of volatile compounds <strong>«</strong>when paint is applied<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>industrial synthesis of ethanoic/acetic acid from methanol and carbon monoxide has 100% atom economy</p>
<p>energy recovery</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept formulas for names.</em></p>
<p><em>Award mark for any other reasonable </em><strong><em>specific </em></strong><em>green chemistry example that </em><em>prevents the release of pollutants/toxic </em><em>chemicals into the environment by </em><em>changing the method or the materials </em><em>used.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>award mark for methods that </em><em>involve clean-up of pollutants from the </em><em>environment such as host-guest </em><em>chemistry or alternative energy sources.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>