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</div><h2>SL Paper 3</h2><div class="specification">
<p>The equipment shown in the diagram was used by a student to investigate the variation with volume, of the pressure <em>p</em> of air, at constant temperature. The air was trapped in a tube of constant cross-sectional area above a column of oil.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>The pump forces oil to move up the tube decreasing the volume of the trapped air.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The student measured the height <em>H</em> of the air column and the corresponding air pressure <em>p</em>. After each reduction in the volume the student waited for some time before measuring the pressure. Outline why this was necessary.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The following graph of <em>p</em> versus \(\frac{1}{H}\) was obtained. Error bars were negligibly small.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>The equation of the line of best fit is \(p = a + \frac{b}{H}\).</p>
<p>Determine the value of <em>b</em> including an appropriate unit.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how the results of this experiment are consistent with the ideal gas law at constant temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The cross-sectional area of the tube is 1.3 × 10<sup>–3</sup>\(\,\)m<sup>2</sup> and the temperature of air is 300 K. Estimate the number of moles of air in the tube.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The equation in (b) may be used to predict the pressure of the air at extremely large values of \(\frac{1}{H}\). Suggest why this will be an unreliable estimate of the pressure.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>in order to keep the temperature constant</p>
<p>in order to allow the system to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings/OWTTE</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Accept answers in terms of pressure or volume changes only if clearly related to reaching thermal equilibrium with the surroundings.</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>recognizes <em>b</em> as gradient</p>
<p>calculates <em>b</em> in range 4.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 5.3 × 10<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>Pa\(\,\)m</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> if POT error in b.</em><br><em>Allow any correct SI unit, eg kg\(\,\)s<sup>–2</sup>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>\(V \propto H\) thus ideal gas law gives \(p \propto \frac{1}{H}\)</p>
<p><strong>so</strong> graph<strong> should be</strong> «a straight line through origin,» as<strong> observed</strong></p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>\(n = \frac{{bA}}{{RT}}\) <em><strong>OR </strong></em>correct substitution of one point from the graph</p>
<p>\(n = \frac{{5 \times {{10}^4} \times 1.3 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}}}{{8.31 \times 300}} = 0.026 \approx 0.03\)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Answer must be to 1 or 2 SF. </em></p>
<p><em>Allow ECF from (b).</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>very large \(\frac{1}{H}\) means very small volumes / very high pressures</p>
<p>at very small volumes the ideal gas does not apply<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>at very small volumes some of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases do not hold</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>In an experiment, data were collected on the variation of specific heat capacity of water with temperature. The graph of the plotted data is shown.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxEAAAIQCAYAAAD+TON3AAAgAElEQVR4Aey9f5Bdx3Xn1/aykvXW7kwqTlXWJQKkit7EhAYm14qcRKBJabPWhqBIURJlDEBQVNkSCAqishFJwYIgiqZgiqQkb9ZciCAtmiYIEcMKlTCAOazy/qGVDGhtqbSmhBH4R+iiNKBXdKSKOZPEGye1mdT3Av10pue9d3pmet6Pvp+uenx9b58+fc6nH+feg+5z708tLS0tBQoEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIFMAj+dKYcYBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIACBhgBBBD8ECEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQGBVBAgiVoULYQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEDgoojg5y99Y6zyDQEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAoCuBl7//Svgpm1itQEInKRCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCwBGyuwncmSoQ4BCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIuAQIIlxECEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAAClgBBhKVBHQIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhBwCRBEuIgQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQsAYIIS4M6BCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIOASIIhwESEAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCFgCBBGWBnUIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAwCVAEOEiQgACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQsAQIIiwN6hCAAAQgAAEIQAACEICAS4AgwkWEAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCBgCRBEWBrUIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAGXAEGEiwgBCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQMASIIiwNKhDAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAi4BgggXEQIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCAgCVAEGFpUIcABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEXAIEES4iBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABS4AgwtKgDgEIQAACEIAABCAAAQi4BAgiXEQIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAAAKWAEGEpUEdAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEHAJEES4iBCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCwBgghLgzoEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQg4BIgiHARIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIWAIEEZYGdQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEDAJUAQ4SJCAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCwBAgiLA3qEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgIBLgCDCRYQABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIGAJEERYGtQhAAEIQAACEIAABCAAAZcAQYSLCAEIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAwBIgiLA0qEMAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACLgGCCBcRAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEICAJUAQYWlQhwAEIAABCEAAAhCAAARcAgQRLiIEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAAFLgCDC0qAOAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCLgECCJcRAhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAApYAQYSlQR0CEBhLAjdef0PQxytzZ86EW3fvDj9/6Rs7n889+OCybgsLC+HggQOddsnesW9fODc/v0zu0UeOLJOJOiVLgQAEIAABCNROgCCi9hnGPwhUTkA38woOvKIg4NbdtzRi3/7Oi+Hl778SHj58OMw8fbwJLGJ/ycydmQvPnTzRyHz1618L5+bPhffvviUowIhlbu5M2LR5cyMjXfEjnRQIQAACEIBA7QQIImqfYfyDQMUETp86HbSSMDk56Xo5c/x4EwQcuv/+jvy1120Pe/buDdKjQOSF52eb7+mdO8PU1q2NTgUKd+/f36xEKOCIRYHGtqu2xUO+IQABCEAAAq0iQBDRqunGWQjUQyBuO5retbNZEfA8UyCg1QIFBd2KVhsUVEhGOm2ZnJxoDhcXz69EaFVDn6mp84GGlaUOAQhAAAIQaAMBgog2zDI+QqBCAnEFQisL6ynnzp3PdZjaOtVTjVYdVDZtOh+AxOPTp0918iLefMWVQVurKBCAAAQgAIE2ELioDU7iIwQgUBcBbSvS58ljx9blmFYTtIVJKxC9Vig0gLZCqT2uUMxfSLLWSkTMgZAu5U2o3Hb73mV2Kem6Vzlw733h1z9wvt/v/8FTjVivYzV6Mmk7fc6TT7l4x3CD23kC/D/X6/+F+HcqcuK7hQSWTLnskkvNEVUIQAACo0dg/gc/WPqlX7xi6cgXH+kY9653Xr+kz2rK66+/3vRRP9V7lY98+MPNeGe++91eIp3zn/zEJ5b0d1Q25pScv7knTs66qjwZr10D5Mg8/sTRvrbk6Cghk6PDszXH55xxSsiUsHWQ/nj2lmBSyp+abC3FpMT8eFxlK6VOAva69VNyMcZO+tcy7QemQAACEBhVAnpEq4pdhYiPd9UTlXKL9MzPnwtHjz3VcxVCW6a0RUmrDVqt8Ipk1SdXnr+5HlHaIQABCEBglAjY6xbbmUZpZrAFAhDoS0BPUNKTlFS6bRHSOe8GXtuO9B4IL4DQ+x601cnT183giYynRXXrxzkIQAACEIDAuBAgsXpcZgo7IQCB5rGr8X0M9luPY9VH5/qtGCiP4u1XXxMWFhab90B0y4NQoCKZb5w63ch006dVDCVSp0VJ2tJZ8tGvJ//whXSYFceejNcuhTkyMY9ghQEXTuToKCGTo8OzNcfnnHFKyJSwdZD+ePaWYFLKn5psLcWkxPx4XGUrpX4CBBH1zzEeQgACSo5++nizAqFg48ljT3XeFWHhaJVCL5tbXFhoZOK7IqyM6nv23t68c8I+jSmukty2d3lSddqXYwhAAAIQgEANBMiJqGEW8QECLSfQLScizWeQjG70exW9R0LvgbCBQSqrVQltb1LRVqeZ4093tlcp4NBL6uITnNK+3Y7t3tJu7ZyDAAQgAAEIjBIBe90iiBilmcEWCECgVQTsH+NWOY6zEIAABCAwlgTsdYvtTGM5hRgNAQi0hUCJ/csldIi3tw+61DieHq89x1bJeHq89hwdOTIe1xwdOTKl/PHsLTWOp8drF5OabB3kHHtsPa6ylVI/AYKI+ucYDyEAgREmYC/WqqfHqemeTNoe+6d60+MoF79TPVZeMmm77Wfrtp+t58owTvdgJ+WSsk3bLW9bt/1sPVdm3MeRn9bvjfKnxnHib4Tv9hJgO1N75x7PIQCBIROwy8JDNoXhIQABCEAAAi4Be91iJcLFhQAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgYAkQRFga1CEAAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABlwBBhIsIAQhAAALDI2D3a/eywpPx2qU3R8ZLpszRUUImR4dna47POeOUkClh6yD98ewtwaSUPzXZWopJifnxuMpWSv0ECCLqn2M8hAAEIAABCEAAAhCAQFECJFYXxYkyCEAAAvkEbIJafi8kIQABCEAAAsMhYK9brEQMZw4YFQIQgAAEIAABCEAAAmNLgCBibKcOwyEAgRoI2P3Jqvc7lr+eTNpeso/dB72R45RgYG0tyaCEbVaHbJOt9pzq/Y6H7Y9lm9o6bNtSbtbWUbPN2jpuv4OUq+yntJDAkimXXXKpOaIKAQhAAAIbSSDnb+6Jk7OuCZ6M164BcmQef+JoX1tydJSQydHh2Zrjc844JWRK2DpIfzx7SzAp5U9NtpZiUmJ+PK6ylVInAXvdIieihYEjLkMAAqNBwO4tHQ2LsAICEIAABCDQm4C9brGdqTcnWiAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIACBLgQIIrpA4RQEIACBUSGQ7pvuZpcn47VLZ46Mtw86R0cJmRwdnq05PueMU0KmhK2D9MeztwSTUv7UZGspJiXmx+MqWyn1EyCIqH+O8RACEIAABCAAAQhAAAJFCZATURQnyiAAAQjkE7B7S/N7IQkBCEAAAhAYDgF73WIlYjhzwKgQgAAEIAABCEAAAhAYWwIEEWM7dRgOAQhAAAIQgAAEIACB4RAgiBgOd0aFAAQg0BCwSY6q9ztWB08mbS/ZxyZTbuQ4JRhYW0syKGGb1SHbZKs9p3q/42H7Y9mmtg7btpSbtXXUbLO2jtvvIOUq+yntI0BORPvmHI8hAIERIWD3lo6ISZgBAQhAAAIQ6EnAXrdYieiJiQYIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAoBsBgohuVDgHAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCPQkQBDREw0NEIAABIZPIN033c0iT8Zrl84cGW8fdI6OEjI5Ojxbc3zOGaeETAlbB+mPZ28JJqX8qcnWUkxKzI/HVbZS6idAEFH/HOMhBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEihIgsbooTpRBAAIQyCdgE9TyeyEJAQhAAAIQGA4Be91iJWI4c8CoEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQGFsCBBFjO3UYDgEItIFAif3LJXSItbcPutQ4nh6vPcdWyXh6vPYcHTkyHtccHTkypfzx7C01jqfHaxeTmmwd5Bx7bD2uspVSPwGCiPrnGA8hAIERJmAv1qqnx6npnkzaHvunetPjKBe/Uz1WXjJpu+1n67afrefKME73YCflkrJN2y1vW7f9bD1XZtzHkZ/W743yp8Zx4m+E7/YSICeivXOP5xCAwJAJ2L2lQzaF4SEAAQhAAAIuAXvdYiXCxYUABCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIGAJEERYGtQhAIGxJHDj9TcEfbwyd+ZMuHX37qB/SYmfzz344LJuCwsL4eCBA512yd2xb184Nz+/TO6F52ebMaOet199TXj0kSPLZDiAAAQgAAEI1EqAIKLWmcUvCLSEgG7cFRx4RUHArbtvacS+/Z0Xw8vffyU8fPhwmHn6eBNYxP6SmTszF547eaKR+erXvxbOzZ8L7999S1CAoRIDjcnJiRB1Te/cGRSQSF/JYvdr99LryXjt0psj4yVT5ugoIZOjw7M1x+eccUrIlLB1kP549pZgUsqfmmwtxaTE/HhcZSulfgLkRNQ/x3gIgWoJnD51ugkAJicnw6bNm5sb/17O6gZfAYeCAsnGonNqU9CgYEGrDofuvz9M79oZRUIc5+79+8Ntt+9tAgWtVqS6tBqx7aptTf9O5z4VrWIomKFAAAIQgAAExoGAvW6xEjEOM4aNEIDACgJxNUA3+zYoWCF44YQCAN2w95JVAHHtddsbGRtAqLtWHFQWF8+vRMzNnQkxcLmgvvlSAKFtThQIQAACEIBA7QQIImqfYfyDQKUEtHqgG3mtGqynnDt3PtdhautUTzXa3qSyadP5FQwddwtGZI+Cm7jtqadCGiAAAQhAAAJjToAgYswnEPMh0EYCyjvQR6sL6ynKk9DKgVYgugUFUffM8eNNe7pCEdvT7zQJOyZfp9/qZ/cWq97vOMr3k0l10Of87KRcvGO4we08gfP/j/L/3Mq/TZEP3y0msGTKZZdcao6oQgACEBg9AvM/+MHSL/3iFUtHvvhIx7h3vfP6JX1WU15//fWmj/qp3qt85MMfbsY7893vdkR6jffQAw8s6e+ole106lLJ+Zt74uRsl57LT3kyXru05cg8/sTR5QMnRzk6Ssjk6PBszfE5Z5wSMiVsHaQ/nr0lmJTypyZbSzEpMT8eV9lKqZOAvW6RWN3iABLXITCOBPSIVpUnjx3rmB8f76rk6NwiPfPz58LRY0/1XIWIydh6ipNWK2LpNV6U1xObtLXJKzZBzZOlHQIQgAAEIDBsAva6ddGwjWF8CEAAArkE9ChXPSlJRX/I0qJz6Q1/KqOtRnqykhdA6ClN2urUTZ/yJ7olUCsXQsFDTgCR2sUxBCAAAQhAYJwIkBMxTrOFrRBoOYGprVubpyfpKUv2o/Oxza4YpLiUR6HHsC4sLDaPdO2WB6FARTLfOHW6kemmb2pqa5M8neY+KMDpl6Cd2pNzXOKZ7iV0yFa7L7yb7aXG8fR47Tm2SsbT47Xn6MiR8bjm6MiRKeWPZ2+pcTw9XruYjLKtL509KxM7JbX11VdfDYuLi512VTyfvfYcHTkyqa3LjOSgNQQIIloz1TgKgXYTUAChFQgFG08ee6rraoGCAr1sbnFhoZGRbLeiwEKrDdIXn8Sk902o//TOXd26cA4CEIDAMgK7dkyHrzz77LJz8UABxvXXbg9/8eqr8RTfEBg5AuREjNyUYBAEILBaAt1yFGJ+QtyOJJl+b7bWk570HggFA72KggfpU2meEHX8eEengoo9e/c2L6Pr1T89b/eWpm0cQwACdRNQoKBA4uCn7wnvvemmjrO9zncEqEBgiATsdYsgYogTwdAQgEC7Cdg/xu0mgfcQaCeBTsBw36Hw3nffEL539qWwe8eOFYFFO+ng9SgSsNctEqtHcYawCQIQgAAEIACB6glcvmVLOPbMM+EDt9wSXnvttfAHX3osHLwQUFTvPA6OPQFyIsZ+CnEAAhAYZwI2EVL1fsfy05NJ20v2scmUGzlOCQbW1pIMSthmdcg22WrPqd7veNj+WLaprcO2LeVmbR0126Ktb9pyefj0Z347/LMHPxuufPN/0axI5NiaI7NR85NylS2U9hFgO1P75hyPIQCBESFgl4VHxCTMgAAEBkxAW5i0EvGBD+5pViJ+8+A9nUBiwKYwHARcAva6xXYmFxcCEIAABCAAAQhAoDwB5UTsVnL1hS1Mb7vmV5qciPDv/59lydblR0YjBNZPgCBi/QzRAAEIQAACEIAABFZFoJNUraczvfuGpq+2Nj39zEzz1CadsE9tWpVyhCEwAALkRAwAMkNAAAIQWCuBuG+6X39PxmuX7hwZbx90jo4SMjk6PFtzfM4Zp4RMCVsH6Y9nbwkmpfwZZVvTx7tGW5VsrUDi0G/dFxRo2OKx9dpzuObIRFutbdTbR4CViPbNOR5DAAIQgAAEIDBkAgoUFDB0Kzp/8oXZMDEx0a2ZcxAYCQIkVo/ENGAEBCDQRgI2Qa2N/uMzBCAAAQiMFwF73WI703jNHdZCAAIQgAAEIAABCEBg6AQIIoY+BRgAAQhAoDeBEnucS+iQhd4+6FLjeHq89hxbJePp8dpzdOTIeFxzdOTIlPLHs7fUOJ4er11MarJ1kHPssfW4ylZK/QQIIuqfYzyEAARGmIC9WKueHqemezJpe+yf6k2Po1z8TvVYecmk7bafrdt+tp4rwzjdg52US8o2bbe8bd32s/VcmXEfR35avzfKnxrHib8RvttLgJyI9s49nkMAAkMmYPeWDtkUhocABCAAAQi4BOx1i5UIFxcCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgIAlQBBhaVCHAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABFwCBBEuIgQgAAEIDI+A3a/dywpPxmuX3hwZL5kyR0cJmRwdnq05PueMU0KmhK2D9MeztwSTUv7UZGspJiXmx+MqWyn1EyAnov45xkMIQGBECdi9pSNqImZBAAIQgAAEOgTsdYuViA4WKhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIBADgGCiBxKyEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACHQIEER0UVCAAAQgMnoDdn6x6v2NZ58mk7SX72H3QGzlOCQbW1pIMSthmdcg22WrPqd7veNj+WLaprcO2LeVmbR0126yt4/Y7SLnKfkoLCSyZctkll5ojqhCAAAQgsJEEcv7mnjg565rgyXjtGiBH5vEnjva1JUdHCZkcHZ6tOT7njFNCpoStg/THs7cEk1L+1GRrKSYl5sfjKlspdRKw1y0Sq1sYOOIyBCAwGgRsgtpoWIQVEIAABCAAgd4E7HWL7Uy9OdECAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCHQhQBDRBQqnIAABCIwKgXTfdDe7PBmvXTpzZLx90Dk6Ssjk6PBszfE5Z5wSMiVsHaQ/nr0lmJTypyZbSzEpMT8eV9lKqZ8AQUT9c4yHEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQKEqAnIiiOFEGAQhAIJ+A3Vua3wtJCEAAAhCAwHAI2OsWKxHDmQNGhQAEIAABCEAAAhCAwNgSIIgY26nDcAhAAAIQgAAEIAABCAyHAEHEcLgzKgQgAIGGgE1yVL3fsTp4Mml7yT42mXIjxynBwNpakkEJ26wO2SZb7TnV+x0P2x/LNrV12Lal3Kyto2abtXXcfgcpV9lPaR8BciLaN+d4DAEIjAgBu7d0REzCDAhAAAIQgEBPAva6xUpET0w0QAACEIAABCAAAQhAAALdCBBEdKPCOQhAYKwI3Hj9DUEfr8ydORNu3b076F9S4udzDz7Ys9vCwkJ4+9XXhEcfObJCRueiDvt9x759K2Q5AQEIQAACEKiNAEFEbTOKPxBoGQHdzCs48Mq5+flw6+5bGrFvf+fF8PL3XwkPHz4cZp4+3gQWaX8FEJJXv25lbu5M2LR5c6NHuuJHOkuWdN90N92ejNcunTky3j7oHB0lZHJ0eLbm+JwzTgmZErYO0h/P3hJMSvlTk62lmJSYH4+rbKXUT4Agov45xkMIVEvg9KnTQSsJk5OTro8zx48HBQaH7r+/I3/tddvDnr17g/TYQESBhVY2btu7t6feuTNzYdtV23q20wABCEAAAhComQCJ1TXPLr5BoGICCgh0o68bed3Qqzx38sSqPdZKhgIRrSAoqDi/5emW8OSxpxpdGuPu/fvDbbf/JKDQ6oS2OSkgmd61c9Vjxg7aBqUVDAoEIAABCEBgHAjY6xYrEeMwY9gIAQisIBBXIHQjv55y7tz57UpTW6caNdqipGBkauvWnmpj0HL69KlOXsSbr7iya+5ETyU0QAACEIAABMaYAEHEGE8epkOgrQS03UgfrRCsp2hF4YXnZ5sVCAUPKtoaFeu9dM9fyJOYmtrayYVQ4KEtU92SsHvpyTlfYv9yCR2y1dsHXWocT4/XnmOrZDw9XnuOjhwZj2uOjhyZUv549pYax9PjtYtJTbYOco49th5X2UqpnwBBRP1zjIcQqIqAbvy1CqEAYj05CdoOdce+jzQBw2pXM7S1SduQ7BYnBR6yR7alydj26U22romxF2PV0+Mf/fjHy+bPk0nb1Vk6Ur3pcc441pCNHMfastZxrK2qp3p0XGIcq2Ot48R+0WbP1igvuVgG6U8cs5sdOicmqW3pcQluOeNYW7vZ6+ko5U/OONG+aLOYrZZbzjiejMaUjC2pLbaNensJkBPR3rnHcwiMJQE9olXlyWPHOvbHx7uuJidCeubnz4Wjx57qufKg/IhuORGdgZNKml+RNK84tHtLVzRyAgIQgAAEIDBiBOx166IRsw1zIAABCPQkoJt6PUlJRX/I0qJzMUE6bYvHWiU4eOCAG0BE+bV8T2Q8LWoteukDAQhAAAIQGBUCbGcalZnADghAwCWgZOf4Pgb7rfOxTU9Y6lWUR6GnKi0sLDbJ017uQy89WsVQInValKQdtzWlbWs99vYmS68n47Xn6JCM3VrRzZ9S43h6vPYcW3N8zhmnhIzHNcfWHJkStuawLTWOp8drr83WQc6xxzbnNyt7KXUTIIioe37xDgIQuEBAAYRWIBRs6PGtOe+W6AVvz97bm3dO2CTquErS790SvfRxHgIQgAAEIDBuBMiJGLcZw14IQGAFgW45EUpw1k1+3N4kGd3o9yrpuyAk1y8nQk91mjn+dGd7lYKT6Z07V/XeCLu3tJddnIcABCAAAQiMCgF73SKIGJVZwQ4IQKB1BOwf49Y5j8MQgAAEIDB2BOx1i+1MYzd9GAwBCEAAAhCAAAQgAIHhEiCIGC5/RocABFpOwCYwqt7vWKg8mbS9ZB+bTLmR45RgYG0tyaCEbVaHbJOt9pzq/Y6H7Y9lm9o6bNtSbtbWUbPN2jpuv4OUq+yntJDAkimXXXKpOaIKAQhAAAIbSSDnb+6Jk7OuCZ6M164BcmQef+JoX1tydJSQydHh2Zrjc844JWRK2DpIfzx7SzAp5U9NtpZiUmJ+PK6ylVInAXvdIieihYEjLkMAAqNBwO4tHQ2LsAICEIAABCDQm4C9brGdqTcnWiAAAQhAAAIQgAAEIACBLgQIIrpA4RQEIACBUSGQ7pvuZpcn47VLZ46Mtw86R0cJmRwdnq05PueMU0KmhK2D9MeztwSTUv6UsPWxLz0RFhcXZVLXojbJ9Cs5TDxbpd/T47Xn6MiRybG1Hw/a6iBAEFHHPOIFBCAAAQhAAAIbQODFP/uzcPOO6a6BhAIItUmGAoG2ESAnom0zjr8QgMDIELB7S0fGKAyBAARWEPjUPfeGF7/1zfDlZ2bCxMRE0x4DiCvf8svhM/fdu6IPJyBQIwF73WIlosYZxicIQAACEIAABIoRUJBw+ZYtnRWJGEDoHAFEMcwoGjMCBBFjNmGYCwEItItAiT3OJXSIurcPutQ4nh6vPcdWyXh6vPYcHTkyHtccHTkypfzx7C01jqfHaxeTkrY+9IXPB606TL/vfc1HdZ0rxd6ztdQ4Odw8mRxbGzD8p2oCBBFVTy/OQQACo07AXqxVT49T+z2ZtD32T/Wmx1Eufqd6rLxk0nbbz9ZtP1vPlWGc7sFOyiVlm7Zb3rZu+9l6rsy4jyM/rd+eP3fd+bHwb3/4Wnjttb8Mqqf9e3FL5bxxonxqW9Qfv7vpSfvYY9vP1q2MrfeSief5bjcBciLaPf94DwEIDJGA3Vs6RDMYGgIQyCCwsLAYPvihPeGNmy5upF8592r40u89FiYnz+dIZKhABAJjT8Bet1iJGPvpxAEIQAACEIAABDaSgAKI3dPTTQChLUz6KJjQObVRINBGAgQRbZx1fIYABCAAAQhAIItAXIFQEnXMgVBH1XVOqxMEElkoEaqMAEFEZROKOxCAQF0Euu1PTj30ZLx26cuR8ZIpc3SUkMnR4dma43POOCVkStg6SH88e0swKeVPCVv37r29swIhu2yJKxKS6VdymHi2Sr+nx2vP0ZEjk2NrPx601UHgojrcwAsIQAACEIAABCBQnsCum3eH6995bU/FCiRybt57KqABAmNKgMTqMZ04zIYABMafgE1QG39v8AACEIAABGonYK9bbGeqfbbxDwIQgAAEIAABCEAAAoUJEEQUBoo6CEAAAiUJ5GyT8GS8dtmbI+Ptg87RUUImR4dna47POeOUkClh6yD98ewtwaSUPzXZWopJifnxuMpWSv0ECCLqn2M8hAAERpiAvaCrnh6npnsyaXvsn+pNj6Nc/E71WHnJpO22n63bfraeK8M43QO8lEvKNm23vG3d9rP1XJlxH0d+Wr83yp8ax4m/Eb7bS4CciPbOPZ5DAAJDJmD3lg7ZFMKqEn8AACAASURBVIaHAAQgAAEIuATsdYuVCBcXAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEICAJUAQYWlQhwAEIDBiBOxWi16meTJeu/TmyHj7oHN0lJDJ0eHZmuNzzjglZErYOkh/PHtLMCnlT022lmJSYn48rrKVUj8Bgoj65xgPIQABCEAAAhCAAAQgUJQAORFFcaIMAhCAQD4Bu7c0vxeSEIAABCAAgeEQsNctViKGMweMCgEIQAACEIAABCAAgbElQBAxtlOH4RCAAAQgAAEIQAACEBgOAYKI4XBnVAhAAAINAZvkqHq/Y3XwZNL2kn1sMuVGjlOCgbW1JIMStlkdsk222nOq9zsetj+WbWrrsG1LuVlbR802a+u4/Q5SrrKf0kICS6Zcdsml5ogqBCAAAQhsJIGcv7knTs66JngyXrsGyJF5/ImjfW3J0VFCJkeHZ2uOzznjlJApYesg/fHsLcGklD812VqKSYn58bjKVkqdBOx1i8TqFgaOuAwBCIwGAZugNhoWYQUEIAABCECgNwF73WI7U29OtEAAAmNC4Mbrbwj6eGXuzJlw6+7dQX8E4+dzDz7Ys9vCwkJ4+9XXhEcfObJC5oXnZ5sxo55ecis6cgICEIAABCBQAQGCiAomERcg0GYCusFXcOCVc/Pz4dbdtzRi3/7Oi+Hl778SHj58OMw8fbwJLNL+CiAkr35pUdvBAwfC5OREiLqmd+4MCkikr2RJ90130+3JeO3SmSPj7YPO0VFCJkeHZ2uOzznjlJApYesg/fHsLcGklD812VqKSYn58bjKVkr9BAgi6p9jPIRAtQROnzrd3LhPTk66Ps4cPx5083/o/vtDlL/2uu1hz969QXpsIKJAQCsbt+3d21WvViFSXbfdvjds2rw5zM35AU1XpZyEAAQgAAEIjBEBciLGaLIwFQIQ+AkB3cTrRn/bVdvC3Jm5puG5kyd+IpBZ00qGVhC0KqGg4vyWp1vCk8eeajRojLv37w8KEmLRKoQCCa1C2NLrvJWxdbu31J6nDgEIQAACEBhFAva6xUrEKM4QNkEAAi4B3fhrRUErC+sp586d3640tXWqUaPVBAUjU1u39lSroEVyaZE9Cm70oUAAAhCAAARqJkAQUfPs4hsEKiWg7Ub6aIVgPUX5DlpR0ApEDAoUCMT6WnV3y6NYq64S+5dL6JD93j7oUuN4erz2HFsl4+nx2nN05Mh4XHN05MiU8sezt9Q4nh6vXUxqsnWQc+yx9bjKVkr9BAgi6p9jPIRAVQR0g65VCAUQ2sq01qLVgjv2faQJGNa7muHZEJ/glH6rn70Yq54e/+jHP16m3pNJ29VZOlK96XHOONaQjRzH2rLWcaytqqd6dFxiHKtjrePEftFmz9YoL7lYBulPHLObHTonJqlt6XEJbjnjWFu72evpKOVPzjjRvmizmK2WW844nozGlIwtqS22jXp7CZAT0d65x3MIjCUBPaJV5cljxzr2x8e7riYnQnrm58+Fo8ee6rnyoPyIbjkRvcZTcKMcC+VKxOTtjpFdKnZvaZdmTkEAAhCAAARGioC9bl00UpZhDAQgAIE+BHRTrycpqegPWVp0LiZIp23xWCsZSoD2Aogo3+1b+RPaBpUWrW4oeMgJINK+HEMAAhCAAATGiQDbmcZptrAVAi0noGRnvd8h/eh8bFN+Q6+iPAq9FG5hYbFJnl5r7sPU1NYmeTrNfVCAExO0e9nAeQhAAAIQgEANBAgiaphFfIAABFwCCiC0AqFgQ49vXc9qgQIV9Ze++CQmbWNSUDG9c5dry2oEvARH6fJkvPYcHZKx+7O7+VBqHE+P155ja47POeOUkPG45tiaI1PC1hy2pcbx9Hjttdk6yDn22Ob8ZmUvpW4CBBF1zy/eQaC1BJSfoO1NcduRXjanoi1Rb77iyqZN7fGjICC3KIBQYrdWNKKux44cac71WwnJ1Y8cBCAAAQhAYNQJkFg96jOEfRCAQLUEFMBoaxYFAhCAAAQgMA4E7HWLlYhxmDFshAAEIAABCEAAAhCAwAgRIIgYocnAFAhAAAIpAW9vsuQ9Ga89R4dkvH3Qpcbx9HjtObbm+JwzTgkZj2uOrTkyJWzNYVtqHE+P116brYOcY49tzm9W9lLqJkAQUff84h0EIDDiBOzFWvX0ODXfk0nbY/9Ub3oc5eJ3qsfKSyZtt/1s3faz9VwZxukeJKZcUrZpu+Vt67afrefKjPs48tP6vVH+1DhO/I3w3V4C5ES0d+7xHAIQGDIBu7d0yKYwPAQgAAEIQMAlYK9brES4uBCAAAQgAAEIQAACEIAABCwBgghLgzoEIACBESNgt1r0Ms2T8dqlN0fG2wedo6OETI4Oz9Ycn3PGKSFTwtZB+uPZW4JJKX9qsrUUkxLz43GVrZT6CRBE1D/HeAgBCEAAAhConsCf/smfhOuv3R4WFxe7+vrS2bPhH279xa5tnIQABFZPgJyI1TOjBwQgAIEiBOze0iIKUQKBlhP4+J13BQULX35mJkxMTHRo6NyuHdPh4KfvCe+96abOeSoQgMDqCNjrFisRq2OHNAQgAAEIQAACI0rgoS98Ply+ZUu4ecd080Z5mfm9sy8RQIzofGHWeBMgiBjv+cN6CEAAAhCAAAQMAQUSV77ll8MHP7QnfPNb3w4fuOWWcPC+Q6xAGEZUIVCCAEFECYrogAAEILBGAjbJUfV+xxrCk0nbS/axyZQbOU4JBtbWkgxK2GZ1yDbZas+p3u942P5Ytqmtw7YtcvvMffeGv/XTPx12T+8I//Suj4f3vvsGmTbU/3+ibd3s0Llx+h3Y30ADlv+0k8CSKZddcqk5ogoBCEAAAhtJIOdv7omTs64JnozXrgFyZB5/4mhfW3J0lJDJ0eHZmuNzzjglZErYOkh/PHtLMFmvP3PfO7t05dTWpX/yT65duul9O5Zef32h6293FGyNhnlc18skjlPC5xxb43h810XAXrdIrG5n7IjXEIDACBCwCWojYA4mQKAKAp0kam1hevcN4VP33Bte/NY3VyRbV+EsTkBgwATsdYvtTAOGz3AQgAAEIAABCGwMgU4AoacwXdjCpK1NMdm61+NfN8YatEKgbgIEEXXPL95BAAJjTsDuo+7liifjtUtvjoy3DzpHRwmZHB2erTk+54xTQqaErYP0x7O3BJO1+PPqq6+ueApTtNU+tUm6YxmWrXF8+x1ttefSumev1y59JWRybE1t57g+AgQR9c0pHkEAAhCAAARaSUDBQq/3QKjtPe/jHRGt/GHg9IYQICdiQ7CiFAIQgIBPwO4t9aWRgAAEIAABCAyXgL1usRIx3LlgdAhAAAIQgAAEIAABCIwdAYKIsZsyDIYABNpEoMT+5RI6xNzbB11qHE+P155jq2Q8PV57jo4cGY9rjo4cmVL+ePaWGsfT47WLSU22DnKOPbYeV9lKqZ8AQUT9c4yHEIDACBOwF2vV0+PUdE8mbY/9U73pcZSL36keKy+ZtN32s3Xbz9ZzZRine7CTcknZpu2Wt63bfraeKzPu48hP6/dG+VPjOPE3wnd7CZAT0d65x3MIQGDIBOze0iGbwvAQgAAEIAABl4C9brES4eJCAAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAhCwBAgiLA3qEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgIBLgCDCRYQABCAAgeERsPu1e1nhyXjt0psj4yVT5ugoIZOjw7M1x+eccUrIlLB1kP549pZgUsqfmmwtxaTE/HhcZSulfgIEEfXPMR5CAAIQgAAEIAABCECgKAESq4viRBkEIACBfAI2QS2/F5IQgAAEIACB4RCw1y1WIoYzB4wKAQhAAAIQgAAEIACBsSVAEDG2U4fhEIBAGwiU2L9cQodYe/ugS43j6fHac2yVjKfHa8/RkSPjcc3RkSNTyh/P3lLjeHq8djGpydZBzrHH1uMqWyn1EyCIqH+O8RACEBhhAvZirXp6nJruyaTtsX+qNz2OcvE71WPlJZO22362bvvZeq4M43QPdlIuKdu03fK2ddvP1nNlxn0c+Wn93ih/ahwn/kb4bi8BciLaO/d4DgEIDJmA3Vs6ZFMYHgIQgAAEIOASsNctViJcXAhAAAKjTuDG628I+nhl7syZcOvu3UF/BOPncw8+uKLbwQMHOu2Su2PfvnBufn6Z3KOPHFkmE/VJlgIBCEAAAhConQBBRO0zjH8QqJyAbuYVHHhFQcCtu29pxL79nRfDy99/JTx8+HCYefp4E1jE/goqXnh+Nhy6//5G5qtf/1o4N38uvP9C3yg3N3cmbNq8uZGRrviRzpLFbrXopdeT8dqlN0fG2wedo6OETI4Oz9Ycn3PGKSFTwtZB+uPZW4JJKX9qsrUUkxLz43GVrZT6CRBE1D/HeAiBagmcPnU66KZ/cnLS9XHm+PGwsLDQBAdR/trrtoc9e/cG6YmByOzzs0Hnp3ftbHQqUJjeubNZibCrEXNn5sK2q7a54yIAAQhAAAIQqJEAORE1zio+QaAFBBQQaAuTbuR1Q6/y3MkTq/ZcKxkKRLSCMLV1Krz96mvC3fv3h9tu39vRpeDBno/HWq2IwUZHeBUVbYHSCgYFAhCAAAQgMA4E7HWLlYhxmDFshAAEVhCIKxC6kV9POXfufK6DAogYjGzevHmZyokLKx2LiwvN+Sh3+vSpTl7Em6+4MiggoUAAAhCAAATaQIAgog2zjI8QqIyA8hj00YrBeopWFJT/oO1L2rbklfkLydXxe2pqaycXQqsg2jJFIOFRpB0CEIAABGogQBBRwyziAwRaREA3/lqFUACxnpwEbYe6Y99HmuBhtasZ2uqkbUh2y5OCENkj22SjLfHJTem3ZGyCour9jqN8P5lUB33Oz0TKxTuGG9zOEzj//yj/z6382xT58N1iAkumXHbJpeaIKgQgAIHRI/D+m29e0seWd73z+iV9VlOk422/cvXS/A9+0Ok2+4fPL+nvoL5tef3115vzDz3wgD29on7ki4907b9C8MKJnL+5J07O9ureOe/JeO1SlCPz+BNHO2N2q+ToKCGTo8OzNcfnnHFKyJSwdZD+ePaWYFLKn5psLcWkxPx4XGUrpU4C9rpFYnWLA0hch8C4EdATlLz3QShBWtuTehWtEug9EPPz58LRY08t28akNptAHXX0Oh/b43dM0n7y2LGsVRKboBZ18A0BCEAAAhAYVQL2unXRqBqJXRCAAARSAlNbz+cgpOdjYOE9nUl5FAogpEey8VGvUZ+2JOkTk63jeT0CVkX9VPTCOiVX630Ttqhf3NZkz1OHAAQgAAEI1EaAnIjaZhR/IACBrgRsAPHksadWBBCx0/brtjdJ25JX0SqEEqYVQMQcjD17b2/eOWGTqLVKomDjtr0/eTRs1Lme7xIvhiqhQz7YfeHdfCo1jqfHa8+xVTKeHq89R0eOjMc1R0eOTCl/PHtLjePp8drFpCZbBznHHluPq2yl1E+AIKL+OcZDCLSSgBKcteyqpy+pKBBQ0c2+HseaJjnHgEAvn9O7H7RiIRltb5qcnAgPH/4XTX/9R8GEtk19wzzi9eCBTzYBxHreG9EZgAoEIAABCEBgxAmQEzHiE4R5EIBAvQTs3tJ6vcQzCEAAAhCohYC9brESUcus4gcEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQGRIAgYkCg2zyMto7csW9fB4G2k2iLiKLZ+JZf1XV+rUX6pWtQRfvkzyfXrt3mQdm6mnG0pcfORa1+robJsGW9vcmyz5Px2nN0SMbbB11qHE+P155ja47POeOUkPG45tiaI1PC1hy2pcbx9Hjttdk6yDn22Ob8ZmUvpW4CBBF1z+9IeKcn2Gj/eCyPHjkSFhcWmifbqC2+uCs++SbKjfL37POzTRLtKNu4FtvSuajVz7Ww2ag+9mKtenqcjuvJpO2xf6o3PY5y8TvVY+Ulk7bbfrZu+9l6rgzjdA8SUy4p27Td8rZ128/Wc2XGfRz5af3eKH9qHCf+RvhuLwFyIto790PzPPdxnKsxUCsR3zh1esUjN1ejYzWy8X0AekzoOAU/q/FRsm3xc7VcSsnbvaWldKIHAhCAAAQgsFEE7HWLlYiNojxkvfHJNJpsfbT1RltTYtHWHz19RjffvWQkqyfbqK+VSbcdSa/VoyDBysTtTAsLC52tMmqXTtmZbqHpNa76eyXqku64Vcr2SW3Vtqr4KE8rl/KTT/EpP2rTR0Xn5Xuvko6XslG/fmOpXfrVz/omu6M9cex0LDFI512y0hO3k8U5iDriGJqf1M/4O4i+xz76lo3SSYEABCAAAQhAoB0ECCIqnGfd5OnG+Ktf/1p4+fuvNP86v7CwGN6/+5Zl3kpG24qijBolE2/W9cz7eIMsGX1Ubt19Sycgkaz66MVbcTw9DlMyUU8cVC/2kg79y70+qt+9f39s7nyn40qv3i4snf2KxtMjN7VFSrr1qE2xiDfb0dZz8+c6tk7vPP8oTxtIyGdt44n+SJd8UtAlHbI52q2VCLtVy9oXx+vHxhsr6tNN/QuzP7FJjxhV3/gSNMlpHuJ8ymbZr3m/Y99HoprOyoLehSAZ2a7AoVtgkPoZ38IsNrY03E+dDtJJgQAEIAABCECgHQQIIiqcZ91YTkxONm/OlXu6edfNrm4qbdGbdXVjGGV006h/zY431LpptjKSk7x0P3ThX+Ilqz56wZZkVeKLuKKe5uQq/vPYkUca6UP33998S69u9nUjbW+au6lUn/gWYvVRmZs7n/ysG2XZeuj+3+7YqhyAa6/bHpSnoaJ2BR3qG/3R+emdu5oAQlumcovHZrVjWbvlp+yLrOJYMbiRjWpXsCFuutFXeezIkeZ8lJPvksmdK3GQ3VZevKT/2u0EEbm/jdXI2f3avfp5Ml679ObIeMmUOTpKyOTo8GzN8TlnnBIyJWwdpD+evTlMbrzxPeGls2d7/aTDofvuC5859Nme7Tn+SqaErTn+eDJee46tOT7njFNCxuMqWyn1E7iofhfb56Fu5uJqxLlz851/NU9J6ObRFq0O6AZc/5qvf1XWzWK3F2dNbZ1q8g/UV7IqVpfq+lfutRb9y71ugO1NvG729elXZLvto2DHFgUgak9zGKamtjaBg9qj7bopjv86r7q9abY6+9Vz2IhTzlhd7TbzoHnSJ25Dkl1p0CX/mpv9ZMUgBpL9fIltCjo2Pbi5eXFb/G28MPt8Z3UpyvENAQhAoB+B//hnfzbs2jEdnn5mJly+Zcsy0Y/feVcTYNzyGx9adp4DCEBgtAiwEjFa81HEGt1s61+adXMX97hrv7rqtsR/sbfndLOqLTC62VTRzbP2zdtP/JdnyUhWJb1hb06u4T/ndS50VhPWoKJnF231UWBkfbE5AWpXUfCgfIoYOIhTXBXpqbxLQw6b3LG6zdXmZq40B+ftVs6Ccifias1bt121LPCK/nXT1cX8nqfiqpCCFPHUeKxC9MS17obr33mtq8OT8do1QI7Mr3+g/5bCHB0lZHJ0eLbm+JwzTgmZErYO0h/P3hwmv//474V3vvs9TSBhVyRiAHFsZib82k3v7vvbzxmnhK0543gyXrsc9Wwd5Bx79ubY2nfyaKyCACsRVUzjSifsv9zrZlgBhW5YdeOpf03uVXRTqJWGeKMZA5Je8soVUNENauzTSzbnvHToE2+Mc/rkysQtXtra1avohljBVup3DCh69et23mOz3rHm5+cbVuIlm6VPOQ52frUlLZYY6K2XrVYgtC1q5vjxsGnT+S1s5ENEynxDAAK5BD5z373hb/6v/7OzIvHE47/frEB8+ZmZMDFx/tqSqws5CEBg8ARYiRg884GPqJu+uAdeN56x6KbTlrh3Xv+CrRUJfVIZyetfu/VRkayKlYv/2q9/GV9LURAjHfrEEldE0tWU2J7zra1K0pneRMfVAJ0XAxVtcbJF28JWWzw2qxmrm93a9iVWKjHv463JFjXJxCL/FXDYuVKbAg2tyKTnY7/0Wzo0jlaktGVLevVboWwMgRL7l0vokHfePuhS43h6vPYcWyXj6fHac3TkyHhcc3TkyJTyx7N3NeM89IXPNysS73nXjeHP/s2/CVqBiAGEp8drF5OStkpfr+LZ4rVLr2erZDw9XnuOjhyZHFulh1I3AYKICuc33uTbm3DdKOvmz/6LsW5i479US/bggU82N4Nxr7uSpSUTn9AkVJLXuRiUSFY3kPpX6TheTLpWgvVaSuwXbdPNffOv3kqw3nU+WXoteuWPykf37evYquBEgcmevXsbProhVpk5/nTzrf+oPQYvMQARSxU96Sn63elwoeKxyR1L6jSu7I7jx0e3RlYx6NEKQSyatxioxK1M8lP2Rn/UrmBAtkR7Yn999/IzJpor8Lh2+3W2C/VVErAXfdXT41SdJ5O2x/6p3vQ4ysXvVI+Vl0zabvvZuu1n67kyjNP9xjHlkrJN2y1vW7f9bD1XptQ4/+HP/Ez4y//tR+HVv/iLZujUllLjdNNjx+rWLoP6ydi2Xtw8HbafrVvdtt5LZpDjRBv4bjGBJVMuu+RSc0R1XAm8/vrrS5/8xCeWNJ/x8/6bb146893vdlz6pV+8Yuld77x+SeejzEc+/OEl9bVl9g+fXyajPjpny/wPfrCkvlFPKqOx1B6L2vWJ5cgXH2n6WvvScWWnxulVpF/j2CJfZNNDDzzQOZ3aqj4a35bjX3660RX90djRxqhLuiM764vVo3o6XsomZ6zom51TjW15aSzZFm3Wt+Sj3XbOdO5tv3J1R1ZysUT5qLufn/JF/NLfTNTFt09A80SBQJsJ3P2xO5fe+d9eu7SwsLCk+pVTW5fOfu97bUaC7xAYaQL2usUbq1saQCpxWFtSHj58uKUExsdtrSgM8m3cuWSUrK/tVPyGcomtlNM2svU8yWylRs5AYHwIfOqee8OL3/pmsDkQSqz+l3/0R+HYM8+EN225fHycwVIItISAvW6xnaklk46bEChJQNvAtC0qbhErqRtdywl028KwXGL5Vou0TccldEiPtw+61DieHq89x9YcLjnjlJDxuObYmiNTwtYctjnj/PpvfGhFACHdypH41Xe8I+zesSM89qUndKpnyRnHY5ujo4RMjg7PVoHw9HjtOTpyZHJs7TlxNFRDgKczVTOVOAKBjSegHIiYMK/H3qbv3Nh4CxgBAhCogcC/++u/XrYCYX1SIKGXzf3la6/Z09QhAIERI8B2phGbEMyBAATaQ8AuC7fHazyFAAQgAIFxJWCvW2xnGtdZxG4IQAACEIAABCAAAQgMiQBBxJDAM2w9BJQboET1Xo96LeWpHsWqZGYKBCAAAQhAAAIQGDYBgohhzwDjjzUBvW9B7+WI72/YKGf0zgz7vo6NGge9gydgEyFV73cs6zyZtL1kH5tMuZHjlGBgbS3JoIRtVodsk632nOr9joftj2Wb2jps21Ju1tZRs83aOm6/g5Sr7Ke0kIB9GK199qs9Tx0CEOhOQO9V0Lsg9P9Ov/dYdO+df1bvgDj1x6ea9zvk90Jy1Ank/M09cXLWdcOT8do1QI7M408c7WtLjo4SMjk6PFtzfM4Zp4RMCVsH6Y9nbwkmpfypydZSTErMj8dVtlLqJGCvW8G6aBvseeoQKElALyfr9ZIyveRMv0PdnOcWvUhNfeKL4NJ+Gsu+7C5tL3Gs8XsFEfElcPEFbna8+HI3vTzOe2kbQYQlV0edv7l1zCNeQAACEGgLAXvdYjtTC1efhu2y9vbrJWWTk5PDNiVrfL0TQU8jSD86v56irVCfe/DBsO2qbeHJY8eaejqGjjc612I9PtAXAhCAAAQgAIF2EiCIaOe8D9Xrubkz4a3brhqqDasZfHrXzuatwnqzsP3o/FpLGkBIj967YPXH+qbNm9c6DP0qIJDum+7mkifjtUtnjoy3DzpHRwmZHB2erTk+54xTQqaErYP0x7O3BJNS/tRkaykmJebH4ypbKfUTIIiof45HzkOtRGy/bnu2XfrXev2LvG68SxSNL33xpWnSOXfmTHMcVwKUxKx2PXWpdOkWQJQeA30QgAAEIAABCEBgQwnYPVx2n5M9Tx0CpQh4+/rTnIiYT9AvR2I1ORFR1uZIKJdBeRPKS4hFdf3/oPPrLdEH+WZzINarl/7jT4C/ueM/h3gAAQhAoE0E7HWLlYgNDdFQnhL4xulT2asQ+hd7fe7evz/cdvveVNWqj0+fOt08JvXa67aHhw8f7vR/9Mj5FY7fNedUL52zMXP8eJP30BmYCgQgAAEIQAACEBhTAgQRYzpx42r27POzWfkQL8zOdpKOSwQQ5+bPhY/u29cEBjaAEEcFF2mitwIInStZlIitAEa5FBqz1Paskjaia/QIlNi/XEKHyHj7oEuN4+nx2nNslYynx2vP0ZEj43HN0ZEjU8ofz95S43h6vHYxqcnWQc6xx9bjKlsp9RMgiKh/jkfGQz1laHFhoXkakWeUchT01CLdbCuHYb1F+hQU6KVwyrGwRTZNdHlSVLdztt9q63EFRAnUU1u3NnbIP0q7CdiLterpcUrHk0nbY/9Ub3oc5eJ3qsfKSyZtt/1s3faz9VwZxuke7KRcUrZpu+Vt67afrefKjPs48tP6vVH+1DhO/I3w3WICdh+X3edkz1OHQAkCygf45Cc+0VdVzImI73x4269cvewFazGnQd+xxHO98iaU1/Cud17fiCsXQr9z+84GjRHbo059Ky+idE5E1B/zMDS2936I2Ifv+gjwN7e+OcUjCEAAAjUTsNctViJaHEAO2nXlQ0xNbc0admLi/DskPr5/f/OehLh6EFcH5ufnO3q0uqDSL4dh0+ZNjYxWASR38MAnO/214qFVkqgnNsydmYvV4t96bOuevXubcbXNirI+Ajdef0PQxyvpU7j0NK7427J9Dx44sOy9IHpaV/q+Dq2Qacz4RK+3X30NW9QsROoQgAAEIFA1AYKIqqd3dJzTDbpuyrWlZzVF8voofyBucdJWIOVMxJv+F2afbwKDHN0KIHTzLl0xJ+G28p+BcAAAIABJREFUveeTtu3NvB7vGvWvxt7VyCrXI27Ziraspj+y5wnE34bHQ0HArbtvacS+/Z0Xm3dyKD9GuSr2cb8KKhQgxPd2fPXrXwvKqXn/hb5SoN+GAo3JyYkQdU3v3NkEJOt9CaHnB+0QgAAEIACBUSBAEDEKs9ACG3RTliYv57qdrh48fPhfNDdveoeD/hVY5cljT/VdibBj6eZdgchjR440/7qsVQH1V4n/qqwVD93gb/SL3vQUKI0Rb1ytndR9AsopEbt+q1BRi56OpZv/+HvSeQWeCiqlR4GlipL/dT6+TFDzowBBQUhcjdDvOdWl35Vk9TLFksXu1+6l15Px2qU3R8ZLpszRUUImR4dna47POeOUkClh6yD98ewtwaSUPzXZWopJifnxuMpWSv0ELqrfRTwcBQK6IYs3Zf3s0c293tRsi24Q9a+9sehG7cljx+Kh+237RuHnTp6I1eZb46Y6tT1l84VtUMuEV3mgR9Tq063IN/1LN2X1BOJqgH5XOVvP+s2DRtdqg+ZDgcKmTcvfRq6AUkUBhoIFBQqS1W/RFsnFVQx7njoEIAABCECgNgI/peSP6JT+FTa9gYttfEOgVgLayjI/fy5ohUPBhIq2yOhfuBVYxBvIWv0fV7+0nUjBgwLCmA+RBoc5vkmPtiApmJM+5T9om5PdHqeARStfCiAUjPQaT78Z/XYUuCrI8Ap/cz1CtEMAAhCAwCgRsNcttjON0sxgy1AIaEuRAgWbJKskcN1IEkAMZUrcQXXTr0+vFR5XwQUBrTpo5UABQ7qq0E2HTejv1h7PxW1P8ZhvCEAAAhCAQG0ECCJqm1H8WTUB/YtxTKLVSpw+WoGw/xK9aqV02DACukHXv/grgFhPkKfVhTv2faQJHjT/o1pK7F8uoUN8vH3Qpcbx9HjtObZKxtPjtefoyJHxuOboyJEp5Y9nb6lxPD1eu5jUZOsg59hj63GVrZT6CRBE1D/HeAiBqgho+5GS9LW1aD1FT+NSIHE+Ud/feqSxNic5EL3GT1c1YsJ++q3+9mKsenr8ox//eNkwnkzars7SkepNj3PGsYZs5DjWlrWOY21VPdWj4xLjWB1rHSf2izZ7tkZ5ycUySH/imN3s0DkxSW1Lj0twyxnH2trNXk9HKX9yxon2RZvFbLXccsbxZDSmZGxJbbFt1NtLgJyI9s49nkNg7AjoCUoxH6GX8Wk+QyqnlQwFIsqDOXrsqWXbmNSmhHqtctggJT2v/toGlSbt9zqf2hCP7d7SeI5vCEAAAhCAwKgSsNctViJGdZawCwIQWEEgPr0rbjuL3zof2/ptQ1MehYKEhYXFJiE7XTHQsT7nzv3kZYYyQo+AVYmJ93ppolYxFFzYIjmtklAgAAEIQAACtRMgiKh9hvEPAhBoCCiAOL8VSo/z7f1eke3XbW+StiWvokBB75hQABFzMBSoKJdG+hRMqOipTJKd3rmrOS71H29vssbxZLz2HB2SsVsruvlXahxPj9eeY2uOzznjlJDxuObYmiNTwtYctqXG8fR47bXZOsg59tjm/GZlL6VuAgQRdc8v3kGgtQSUfK1lV207UlEgoKItUfFFhTZHQUGAil4+p3dPKEBQu1Yu9GZq5U7EogBCW560ohF16eWFOtdvJST25xsCEIAABCAw7gTIiRj3GcR+CEBgbAnYvaVj6wSGQwACEIBAawjY6xYrEa2ZdhyFAAQgAAEIQAACEIBAGQIEEWU4ogUCEIAABCAAAQhAAAKtIUAQ0ZqpxlEIQGAUCdgERtX7Hct+TyZtL9nHJlNu5DglGFhbSzIoYZvVIdtkqz2ner/jYftj2aa2Dtu2lJu1ddRss7aO2+8g5Sr7KS0ksGTKZZdcao6oQgACEIDARhLI+Zt74uSsa4In47VrgByZx5842teWHB0lZHJ0eLbm+JwzTgmZErYO0h/P3hJMSvlTk62lmJSYH4+rbKXUScBet0isbmHgiMsQgMBoELAJaqNhEVZAAAIQgAAEehOw1y22M/XmRAsEIAABCEAAAhCAAAQg0IUAQUQXKJyCAAQgMCoE0n3T3ezyZLx26cyR8fZB5+goIZOjw7M1x+eccUrIlLB1o/x56ezZsLi4uOxnZ+1Vm2RsKcGklD/WVmtjrI+TraWYlPDZ4xr58l03AYKIuucX7yAAAQhAAAJrJvCVZ58NN++YXhFISKECCLX983/2P6xZPx0hAIHxJUBOxPjOHZZDAAJjTsDuLR1zVzC/YgIfv/OuZrXhy8/MhImJicbTGEDowJ6vGAOuQQACIQR73WIlgp8EBCAAAQhAAAI9CTz0hc+Hy7dsaVYdFhYWgz5agVAhgOiJjQYIVE+AIKL6KcZBCEBgnAmU2L9cQocYevugS43j6fHac2yVjKfHa8/RkSPjcc3RkSOzHn8USFz5ll8OO3/tfeGG628If/vvTYRjMz9ZmdD4saxnnKhD354er106PLY5OkrI5OjwbC3FJMcWTybHVjuX1OskQBBR57ziFQQgMCYE7MVa9fQ4dcOTSdtj/1Rvehzl4neqx8pLJm23/Wzd9rP1XBnG6X4znXJJ2abtlret23623k3mrjs/Fv7tD18LP3rth+F3fucLYXJyYux/B/LT+r0R3CxLW7fj2vO2bmVsvZeMzls51e2x7WfrVsbWe8nE83y3mwA5Ee2ef7yHAASGSMDuLR2iGQwNAZeAtjB98EN7GrnLLvv58Od//nL40u891gQSbmcEIACBagjY6xYrEdVMK45AAAIQgAAEyhNQEvXu6enwf/8fi03g8MBnD4U3brq4Oac2CgQg0E4CBBHtnHe8hgAEIAABCLgE0qcwaQuTik22JpBwMSIAgSoJEERUOa04BQEI1EKg2/7k1DdPxmuXvhwZL5kyR0cJmRwdnq05PueMU0KmhK0b5Y8e76pin8IU7Y2BRJRpBDN/SyW45eiItkbb0u8cHSVkcnR4tsp2T4/XnqMjRybH1pQ1x/URuKg+l/AIAhCAAAQgAIESBP67//6fhjdcfHHn/RCpTgUS6RurUxmOIQCBOgmQWF3nvOIVBCAwBgRsgtoYmIuJEIAABCDQcgL2usV2ppb/GHAfAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACqyVAELFaYshDAAIQGCCBEnucS+iQy94+6FLjeHq89hxbJePp8dpzdOTIeFxzdOTIlPLHs7fUOJ4er11MarJ1kHPssfW4ylZK/QQIIuqfYzyEAARGmIC9WKueHqemezJpe+yf6k2Po1z8TvVYecmk7bafrdt+tp4rwzjdg52US8o2bbe8bd32s/VcmXEfR35avzfKnxrHib8RvttLgJyI9s49nkMAAkMmYPeWDtkUhocABCAAAQi4BOx1i5UIFxcCEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQgIAlQBBhaVCHAAQgMGIE7FaLXqZ5Ml679ObIePugc3SUkMnR4dma43POOCVkStg6SH88e0swKeVPTbaWYlJifjyuspVSPwGCiPrnGA8hAAEIQAACEIAABCBQlAA5EUVxogwCEIBAPgG7tzS/F5IQgAAEIACB4RCw1y1WIoYzB4wKAQhAAAIQgAAEIACBsSVAEDG2U4fhEIAABCAAAQhAAAIQGA4BgojhcGdUCEAAAg0Bm+Soer9jdfBk0vaSfWwy5UaOU4KBtbUkgxK2WR2yTbbac6r3Ox62P5ZtauuwbUu5WVtHzTZr67j9DlKusp/SQgJLplx2yaXmiCoEIAABCGwkgZy/uSdOzromeDJeuwbIkXn8iaN9bcnRUUImR4dna47POeOUkClh6yD98ewtwaSUPzXZWopJifnxuMpWSp0E7HWLxOoWBo64DAEIjAYBm6A2GhZhBQQgAAEIQKA3AXvdYjtTb060QAACY0LgxutvCPqsppw+dTroj+HcmTMruj36yJHw5iuubNolo+O06Jza0s8d+/alohxDAAIQgAAEqiNAEFHdlOIQBNpFQDfz3QKBfhQk/9EeN/vS99iRI+HJY0+Fl7//SvP5xulT4dbdu5epnJs7EzZt3tyRibIPHz68TG69B+m+6W76PBmvXTpzZLx90Dk6Ssjk6PBszfE5Z5wSMiVsHaQ/nr0lmJTypyZbSzEpMT8eV9lKqZ8AQUT9c4yHEKiWgFYTPvfgg2FycjLbR8nrs2fv3hV9FhYWmgDi2uu2h6mtWzvte/beHjTWC8/Pds7NnZkL267a1jmmAgEIQAACEGgTAXIi2jTb+AqBigjohl9bmHQjrxt6ledOnujroVYZXpidbVYZZp4+3gQT6hMDBgUJ2o506P77w/SunR1dGkvbm267fW+4e//+cG5+Prz96mtWyHU6ZFa0FUorGBQIQAACEIDAOBCw1y1WIsZhxrARAhBYQSCuQOiGP7co4FDQsJqVC6t7fn6+OYxBy+nTpzo5EQoyFKRQIAABCEAAAm0gQBDRhlnGRwhURkCrCPpoVWA1Ja449OoztXWqadLKgy3fOHXaHoYYTExNbe3kRCg4mTl+vHggUWL/cgkdAuDtgy41jqfHa8+xVTKeHq89R0eOjMc1R0eOTCl/PHtLjePp8drFpCZbBznHHluPq2yl1E+AIKL+OcZDCFRFQFuJtAqhAKJ0ToISpbWNScFATNbWeA8leRfa1qRtSPqORX1lj2xTH1vSJzjFY8nYi7Hq6fGPfvxjq6pp7yeT6lBn6Uj7pMc541hDNnIca8tax7G2qp7q0XGJcayOtY4T+0WbPVujvORiGaQ/ccxuduicmKS2pccluOWMY23tZq+no5Q/OeNE+6LNYrZabjnjeDIaUzK2pLbYNurtJUBORHvnHs8hMJYE4lOSnjx2rGN/fLyrlxPR6RBCs2KgG36bExHbtS1JbSpavTh0/2+HW3ffEpRw3W/7VOynJzRJ1it2b6knSzsEIAABCEBg2ATsdeuiYRvD+BCAAARyCWh1QE9JUtEfsrToXO4NfNrXHmuFwa4yaGVBW5w2bdpsxXrWJ1bxtKieSmiAAAQgAAEIjDABgogRnhxMgwAElhPQqkC3pxmtZSViueafHClBWo9/tUFETKTefmF1QashOvft77z4k44hhHPn5pt3R5TeZrVsEA4gAAEIQAACI0CAnIgRmARMgAAERoeAtiHZnAitfswcf7rJwVDeg4reG6GVCfs0prhKcluX90+sxzsvwVG6PRmvPUeHZOz+7G4+lRrH0+O159ia43POOCVkPK45tr509mz48L6PdpuW5tzi4mLYufPmnu2xIccfz94cHSVkcnTUZKvmyPPZa8/RkSPjcY2/J77rJkAQUff84h0EWktAOQ3a3mRfEJcDQzkPWknQ6ob6KxfirduuWrYyoXZtm9KbrCWjz8EDnwwKIOz7JXLGQwYCJQi84eKLw5+//L+Gj9951wp1CiBu3jEdfubv/J0VbZyAAAQgsFYCJFavlRz9IAABCKyTgIKPbtuz1qmW7i0lsLCwGHZPT4fLt2wJD33h8w2FGEBc+ZZfDp+5796WksFtCECgFAF73WIlohRV9EAAAhCAAASGSGByciJ8+ZmZoK1NWpGIAYSCCgKIIU4MQ0OgUgIEEZVOLG5BAAJ1ECixx7mEDtH09kGXGsfT47Xn2CoZT4/XnqMjR8bjmqMjykxMTIRjMzNhbu5M+EdXXxO0AhFXJUr549lbahxPj9cuJjXZGudY371KDpMSMh7XXvZxvi4CBBF1zSfeQAACY0bAXtBVT49TdzyZtD32T/Wmx1Eufqd6rLxk0nbbz9ZtP1vPlWGc7sFOyiVl+//++6Xw/y0tRcydbyvn6VAnTyZtjwONyzjRR2u3td2et3UrY+u9ZHTeyqluj20/W7cytt5LZpDjRBv4bi8BciLaO/d4DgEIDJmA3Vs6ZFMYvhICdgvTwU/f0yRU2xyJStzEDQhAYEgE7HWLlYghTQLDQgACEIAABEoSUGK1nsIUgwZtbYo5Ep+6h6TqkqzRBQEIhEAQwa8AAhCAwAgT6LaFITXXk/HapS9HxtsHnaOjhEyODs/WHJ9zxikhU8JWrUD82q/t6AQQ8TcSA4kXv/XN8Ou/8aF4uud3jj+evTk6Ssjk6KjJ1nH7zfb8kdFQDQGCiGqmEkcgAAEIQKCtBP7i1VfDZT//DzpJ1JZDDCT+3V//tT1NHQIQgMC6CJATsS58dIYABCCwdgJ2b+natdATAhCAAAQgMBgC9rrFSsRgmDMKBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEqiFAEFHNVOIIBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEBkOAIGIwnBkFAhCAQFcCNjlU9X7HUuDJpO0l+9gk1Y0cpwQDa2tJBiVsszpkm2y151Tvdzxsfyzb1NZh25Zys7aOmm3W1nH7HaRcZT+lhQSWTLnskkvNEVUIQAACENhIAjl/c0+cnHVN8GS8dg2QI/P4E0f72pKjo4RMjg7P1hyfc8YpIVPC1kH649lbgkkpf2qytRSTEvPjcZWtlDoJ2OsWidUtDBxxGQIQGA0CNkFtNCzCCghAAAIQgEBvAva6xXam3pxogQAEIAABCEAAAhCAAAS6ECCI6AKFUxCAAARGhUC6b7qbXZ6M1y6dOTLePugcHSVkcnR4tub4nDNOCZkStg7SH8/eEkxK+VOTraWYlJgfj6tspdRPgCCi/jnGQwhAAAIQgAAEIAABCBQlQE5EUZwogwAEIJBPwO4tze+FJAQgAAEIQGA4BOx1i5WI4cwBo0IAAhCAAAQgAAEIQGBsCRBEjO3UYTgEINAGAiX2L5fQIdbePuhS43h6vPYcWyXj6fHac3TkyHhcc3TkyJTyx7O31DieHq9dTGqydZBz7LH1uMpWSv0ECCLqn2M8hAAERpiAvVirnh6npnsyaXvsn+pNj6Nc/E71WHnJpO22n63bfraeK8M43YOdlEvKNm23vG3d9rP1XJlxH0d+Wr83yp8ax4m/Eb7bS4CciPbOPZ5DAAJDJmD3lg7ZFIaHAAQgAAEIuATsdYuVCBcXAhCAAAQgAAEIQAACEICAJUAQYWlQhwAEIAABCEAAAhCAAARcAgQRLiIEIAABCAyPgN2v3csKT8Zrl94cGS+ZMkdHCZkcHZ6tOT7njLMWmb0f2hMWFxc705na+pVnnw362LKWcWx/1UvokJ7U3o0ax7PXa6/N1pw5zGFSQsb7DaS/CY7rJEAQUee84hUEIAABCIwogYmJiXDzjullgUQ0VcHDod+6L2zZsiWe4hsCEIDASBIgsXokpwWjIACBNhCwCWpt8Bcff0Lg43feFV46ezYcm5kJk5MTTUMMIJ5+ZiZcThDxE1jUIACBkSFgr1usRIzMtGAIBCAAAQi0hcBDX/h8Eyh88EN7wsLCYvjK/3yiWYEggGjLLwA/ITD+BAgixn8O8QACEKiYQIn9yyV0CLG3D7rUOJ4erz3HVsl4erz2HB39ZBRI/MIv/EL41f/mH4fPfOqT4dgzz/RcgShhSwkdOWxLjePp8dprs7Xfb0ltKjlMSsh4fwsumMNX5QQIIiqfYNyDAARGm4C9oKueHqfWezJpe+yf6k2Po1z8TvVYecmk7bafrdt+tp4rU/s4V/7DXwoLr/9V+I9+9j8JF7/hDQ2W1Ge4bdzvTcAt35S9/Z3aetontsXvbnrSPvbY9rN1K2PrvWR03sqpbo9tP1u3MrbeSyae57vdBMiJaPf84z0EIDBEAnZv6RDNYOghEVAOxAOffSD8wVNPhZmZZ8KL3/pm+PIzM0GJ1xQIQAACo0jAXrdYiRjFGcImCEBgVQRuvP6GoM9qyulTp4P+GM6dObOi26OPHAlvvuLKpl0yOk7LC8/PNmOqXZ+3X31NV7m0H8cQEIGYRK0A4k1bLg+fue/eZitTr6c2QQ0CEIDAqBEgiBi1GcEeCEBgVQR0g98tEOinRPIf3bevq4j0PXbkSHjy2FPh5e+/0ny+cfpUuHX37o78wsJCOHjgQPNUnW9/58VGZnrnzvC5Bx8MM08f78iVqHTbWpDq9WS8dunLkfH2QefoKCGTo8OzNcfnnHHWIhMDCCVRK4CItsZk626BxFrGWe3vJIeJZKK9qf54XMLWHFtyxqnJ1lJMcrh5Mh7X+Fvgu24CBBF1zy/eQaBqAlpN0I375ORktp+S12fP3r0r+ig4UABx7XXbw9TWrZ32PXtvDxpLqw8q+pbsofvv74x92+17w6bNm8Pc3MqVjY4iKhDQKsT/+Gzo9RQmBRL/5X/9X4V/+Ud/BCsIQAACI02AnIiRnh6MgwAEehHQTby2MG27aluYOzPXiD138kQv8ea8VhlemJ1tVhm0YqBgQn1iwKDg4I59+5rgYHrXzo4ujaXtTQoU7t6/v1mFkKxWIWzR6kS381bG1rUNSqsdFAhAAAIQgMA4ELDXLVYixmHGsBECEFhBIK5AaDUgtyjgUNCwmpULq3t+fr45VNCiVYe0SK8CDn0oEIAABCAAgZoJEETUPLv4BoFKCWgVQR+tCqymxBWHXn2mtk41TWkQ8I1Tp3t16Xr+3IVgo2sjJyEAAQhAAAIVECCIqGAScQECbSKgG3StQiiA0MpCyaLVBW1jmjl+vJOsrfEeWmXeRWpTfIJT+i05m6Coer/jKN9PJtVBn/OzkXLxjuEGt/MEzv8/yv9zK/82RT58t5jAkimXXXKpOaIKAQhAYPQIvP/mm5f0seVd77x+SZ/VlCNffGRJf/POfPe7K7rFNrVLr2R+6RevWPrkJz7RyPYa76EHHmh0vv766yt0djuR8zf3xMnZbl2XnfNkvHYpy5F5/Imjy8ZND3J0lJDJ0eHZmuNzzjglZErYOkh/PHtLMCnlT022lmJSYn48rrKVUicBe90isbrFASSuQ2DcCOjRrN77IB4+fLh5upLnm5Ks08TqXn20GqH3QGj1Q8nVvRKoe53vpdcmqPWS4TwEIAABCEBgVAjY6xbbmUZlVrADAhBwCSinIb67wX7rfGzT41nXU/QUJgUYtsSnP22/oHtqamuTPJ3mPugxsDGvwvanDgEIQAACEKiNAEFEbTOKPxCAwLoIKAixORFa/Zg5/nSzChGfyCQZPYlJKw8xCVuBh4KK6Z271jV+2tl76ZPkPRmvPUeHZOy+8NTOXB0lbMnR4dmaY2/OOCVkStg6SH88e0swKeVPTbaWYlJifjyuspVSPwGCiPrnGA8h0EoC2qqkZVe9t2E1RY+MVcK2tk2p/627bwlv3XZVs40p6lEAoa1NCwuLzfsjJKeX1OnceldC4hh8QwACEIAABEaZADkRozw72AYBCFRNwO4trdpRnIMABCAAgSoI2OsWKxFVTClOQAACEIAABCAAAQhAYHAECCIGx5qRIAABCKyaQIn9yyV0yHBvH3SpcTw9XnuOrZLx9HjtOTpyZDyuOTpyZEr549lbahxPj9cuJjXZOsg59th6XGUrpX4CBBH1zzEeQgACI0zAXqxVT49T0z2ZtD32T/Wmx1Eufqd6rLxk0nbbz9ZtP1vPlWGc7sFOyiVlm7Zb3rZu+9l6rsy4jyM/rd8b5U+N48TfCN/tJUBORHvnHs8hAIEhE7B7S4dsCsNDAAIQgAAEXAL2usVKhIsLAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCEDAEiCIsDSoQwACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIuAYIIFxECEIAABIZHwO7X7mWFJ+O1S2+OjJdMmaOjhEyODs/WHJ8/c+iz4SvPPtsLe3jp7Nnw4X0f7dkeGzx7S9ia449nR44OyXj2lhrH0+O112ZrzvzkMCkh4/0GZCulfgIEEfXPMR5CAAIQgMAaCPynf//vh0O/dV/XQEIBxK4d0+Hnfu7n1qCZLhCAAATGnwCJ1eM/h3gAAQiMKQGboDamLlRv9vfOvhR279gRDn76nvDem25q/I0BxMH7DoX3vvuG6hngIAQgAIFIwF63Loon+YYABCAAAQhAYDmBN225PDz9zEyz6qCWLVu2NPUmqCCAWA6LIwhAoFUE2M7UqunGWQhAYNQI2P3Jqvc7lu2eTNpeso/dB72R45RgYG1dL4PLt2wJx555Jtx7z6fDTe95b2hWIG66acVcrHUc2drP51FjbdmOmm0pR2vrWucn9dE7Xus44/Q7SLnKZ0oLCSyZctkll5ojqhCAAAQgsJEEcv7mnjg565rgyXjtGiBH5vEnjva1JUdHCZkcHZ6tOT7bcea+d3Zp65YtS2/6z39h6dn/6X/pcLAynZNJxZMpYetq/UlM7Bx6tkrQszdHRwmZHB012TrIOfbYelw7Pygq1RGw1y1yIloYOOIyBCAwGgTs3tLRsAgruhHo5EB8+p7l25ku5Eh068M5CEAAAjUSsNctciJqnGF8ggAEIACBIgTOJ1ZPL0us7uRI/K3/gMTqIpRRAgEIjCMBciLGcdawGQIQaA0Bu8e7l9OejNcuvTky3j7oHB0lZHJ0eLbm+PzYl55Y8WQm9VOOhAKJQ/ccDHqXhFc8e0vYmuOPZ0eODsl49pYax9Pjtddma8785DApIeP9BmQrpX4CBBH1zzEeQgACEIDAGgj85WuvLVuBsCpiIPHDH/7QnqYOAQhAoDUEyIlozVTjKAQgMGoE7N7SUbMNeyAAAQhAAAIpAXvdYiUipcMxBCAAAQhAAAIQgAAEINCXAEFEXzw0QgACEIAABCAAAQhAAAIpAYKIlAjHEIAABAZIwCY5qt7vWGZ5Mml7yT42mXIjxynBwNpakkEJ26wO2SZb7TnV+x0P2x/LNrV12Lal3Kyto2abtXXcfgcpV9lPaSEB+xYM+wIJe546BCAAAQiUJ5DzN9d76ZOs8mS89hwdkvFeMFVqHE+P155ja47POeOUkPG45tiaI1PC1hy2pcbx9Hjttdk6yDn22Ob8ZmUvpT4C9rpFYnULA0dchgAERoOATVAbDYuwAgIQgAAEINCbgL1usZ2pNydaIAABCEAAAhCAAAQgAIEuBAgiukDhFAQgAIFRIZDum+5mlyfjtUtnjoy3DzpHRwmZHB2erTk+54xTQqaErYM1qoq/AAAgAElEQVT0x7O3BJNS/tRkaykmJebH4ypbKfUTIIiof47xEAIQgAAEIAABCEAAAkUJkBNRFCfKIAABCOQTsHtL83shCQEIQAACEBgOAXvdYiViOHPAqBCAAAQgAAEIQAACEBhbAgQRYzt1GA4BCLSBQIn9yyV0iLW3D7rUOJ4erz3HVsl4erz2HB05Mh7XHB05MqX88ewtNY6nx2sXk5psHeQce2w9rrKVUj8Bgoj65xgPIQCBESZgL9aqp8ep6Z5M2h77p3rT4ygXv1M9Vl4yabvtZ+u2n63nyjBO92An5ZKyTdstb1u3/Ww9V2bcx5Gf1u+N8qfGceJvhO/2EiAnor1zj+cQgMCQCdi9pUM2heEhAAEIQAACLgF73WIlwsWFAAQgMOoEbrz+hqDPasrpU6eD/hjOnTmzotujjxwJb77iyqZdMgcPHOgqo7b0c8e+fStkOQEBCEAAAhCojcBFtTmEPxCAQLsI6IZfgcDU1q3Zjkv+oz1u9qXvcw8+GJ48dixsu2pbo1MByq27dzfn4iBzc2fCps2bw1e//rV4im8IQAACEIBAawiwEtGaqcZRCNRHQKsJuuGfnJzMdk7y+uzZu7drn5njx5uAJAYQErp2+/agsc7Nz3f6zJ2Z6wQZnZMbULH7tXup92S8dunNkfGSKXN0lJBJdbx09mw4dN99y/BYWxcXF8PeD+0JkrMl1WPbVPfaS8lYW1Mb4nEJW0rokD2evaXG8fR47bXZKn88n732HB05Mt5vQDoo9RMgiKh/jvEQAlUSWFhYaLYZTe/a2awI5DipVQYFA797+HCO+AoZjamiYEKfqan81Y8VyjhRjMAbLr44/Om//pPw8TvvWqFTAcTNO6bDX7z6apAcBQIQgAAEyhAgsboMR7RAAAIDJqA8Ba0GPHfyRCcfQvV+xW57ituW1MduhZp5+ngTnKTbmSYnJzrbmV54fjYo9+Ha67YH1VW0GqLVjdtu777C0c0u5VO8/P1XujVxbpUEYrBw+ZYt4aEvfL7pvbCwGHZPTzf1Lz8zEyYmJlapFXEIQAACELAE7HWLnAhLhjoEIDAWBHSjr49u9FdTbLDQq59WNk6fPtXkQEQZBQjPfefFeBjmL2xr0krEwxdWNbQy8f7dtzQyqwkkOkqprIuAAgQFClp1+NQ994a77vxY+OCH9jQ6CSDWhZbOEIAABLoSYDtTVyychAAERpWAbtaV03D3/v0bkpOgFQatcChhWqsE+mjF4e1XXxPidiYFCTpvgwUlWSuPQrbJRlvSJzjFY8nYvcWq9zuO8v1kUh1t6qNA4tjMTPj6v/pX4eqrrmqmQMc6n3LxjtvErQF14bdof1swOE/G+62k7W3hFn83fLeYwJIpl11yqTmiCgEIQGD0CLz/5puX9LHlXe+8fkmf1ZQjX3xkSX/zznz3u51up/74VHNObbbM/+AHXc9bGdWjztk/fD5t6nqc8zf3xMnZrn3tSU/Ga5euHJnHnzhqh11Rz9FRQqafjtdfX1i69h3vWLr8H/xnS/t/85MrbLQn+umRnNdeSsbjWmqcUv549pYax9PjtYtbTbbm/A5ymJSQ8bjKVkqdBOx1i5yIFgeQuA6BcSOgnAbvfRDaXqSVA690y4mIuQ7ddOi9EW+9altn+1I3/VGnzafoJhfP2b2l8RzfaycQ8yL+9t+bCL/zO18IH/vYneGNmy7u5EisXTM9IQABCEBABOx1i+1M/CYgAIGxIaCchrjFyH7rfGzLCSB6OTy1dappijkPqVx8GpPeGaGgIi3nzs03T4qyj4dNZTjeGAIxgJD2L/3eY2HTxW9ovvVY125PbdoYK9AKAQhAoD0ECCLaM9d4CgEIOASU16DE6hdmZztPXVIXPQlqYnKyadPxnr23N/kRWnmIRaskenzsbT3ePxHlVvtd4rnvJXTI7nS/fOpLqXE8PWm7DSCURK0naclWfeu4VyCR6hmWPx5X2eXZmiNTQofG8ewtNY6nx2uvzdZBzrHH1vsNyFZK/QQIIuqfYzyEQCsJKMFZy67xEay5EA7df3/zcjkFDjEBWgnVR4/ppvT8S+200qAtT984faojc/DAJ5sAQkEIZbAE4jsguj2FKT61SYFG+rK5wVrJaBCAAATqIkBORF3ziTcQgMAYEbB7S8fIbEyFAAQgAIGWErDXLVYiWvojwG0IQAACEIAABCAAAQislQBBxFrJ0Q8CEIAABCAAAQhAAAItJUAQ0dKJx20IQGA0CNgERtX7HctiTyZtL9nHJlNu5DglGFhbSzIoYZvVIdtkqz2ner/jYftj2aa2Dtu2lJu1ddRss7aO2+8g5Sr7KS0kYF+FYV8gYc9ThwAEIACB8gRy/uaWeDFUCR3y3nvBVKlxPD1ee46tkvH0eO05OnJkPK45OnJkSvnj2VtqHE+P1y4mNdk6yDn22HpcZSulTgL2ukVidQsDR1yGAARGg4BNUBsNi7ACAhCAAAQg0JuAvW6xnak3J1ogAAEIQAACEIAABCAAgS4ECCK6QOEUBCAAgVEhkO6b7maXJ+O1S2eOjLcPOkfHnXftD3pnQ6+idzn884e/2Ku5OZ8zjmerFHl6vPYcHTkyJWzNGaeUP569pcbx9HjtYlKTrYOcY4+tx1W2UuonQBBR/xzjIQQgAIGRIfBXf/W/h5t3THcNJBRA7NoxHf7mb/5mZOzFEAhAAAIQ6E6AnIjuXDgLAQhAYMMJ2L2lGz7YCA3wqXvuDS9+65vBvmE6BhAH7zsU3vvuG0bIWkyBAAQgAIFIwF63WImIVPiGAAQgAIGBEPjMffeGy7ds6axIdAKIT99DADGQGWAQCEAAAusnQBCxfoZogAAEILBhBLy9yRrYk/Hac3RIxtsHvZpxHvrC58OVb/nl8N533Rh2/tqO0KxA3HRTw9HT47Xn2Jrjc844JWQ8rjm25siUsDWHbalxPD1ee222DnKOPbY5v1nZS6mbAEFE3fOLdxCAwIgTsBdr1dPj1HxPJm2P/VO96XGUi9+pHisvmbTd9rN128/WJTM9vSO8+uqr4Wf+7t8N//gfva3plsqUGEeKUz2M4zNpA7foY/Pj6/I7sedt3f5+bL2XjM5bOdXtse1n61bG1nvJDHKcaAPf7SVATkR75x7PIQCBIROwe0uHbMrAh//e2ZfCB265JfzmJ34z/Om//pPwyrlXw5d+77EwOTkxcFsYEAIQgAAE8gjY6xYrEXnMkIIABCAAgUIEFEDs3rGjCSDee9NNQVub3rjp4rB7ejosLPR+/Guh4VEDAQhAAAIFCBBEFICICghAAAIQyCMQVyAOKon6Qg6EeiqQULL1Bz+0h0AiDyVSEIAABIZKgCBiqPgZHAIQgEB/At32Qac9PBmvXfpSma88+2w4dN99y4ayyZTxiUpWINVh22J9l1mBiOfid1yRuO8zvx1Pdf3OGcfa2lVJF59TuZxxSsiUsFW2e7Z47Tk6JOPZW2ocT4/XXputOfOTw6SEjPcbkK2U+gkQRNQ/x3gIAQhAYNUEfvUd72hyFT5+510r+sYA4r3vO/80pRUCfU4c+uyDy1YgUlEFEm972/kk67SNYwhAAAIQGB0CJFaPzlxgCQQg0DICNkFtFF1fXFxs3uWgbUa6uVeJAUS6HWkU7ccmCEAAAhAoS8Bet1iJKMsWbRCAAASqITAxMdG8VVqBg94yrXyGXTumAwFENVOMIxCAAATWTIAgYs3o6AgBCEBg/QTs/mTV+x1rNE8mbV9vHwUSx2Zmwh9/7WvhPTfc0HkpXOlxIslUb3qc60+6ZzvV4x3njiM9tnh603b1la1WTyqTHg/StnRsHVu2afuwbZM9saS2jppt1lbZNk6/A/sbiLz5biGBJVMuu+RSc0QVAhCAAAQ2kkDO39wTJ2ddEzwZr10D9JOZ+97ZpSveNLX0lje/Zengpz7d055+OmKnEjI5Oh5/4mgcsue3p8drl+ISMiVszbGlhK0ax7O31DieHq+9NlsHOcceW+83IFspdRKw1y1yIloYOOIyBCAwGgTs3tLRsGilFZ0ciPsONW+V1rscbI7Eyh6cgQAEIACBWgnY6xbbmWqdZfyCAAQgsE4CnQBC73R49w3N26S//MxMk1zd7alN6xyO7hCAAAQgMEYECCLGaLIwFQIQaB+BdN90NwKejNcunanMsgDiwkvhtA/aJlungUSqYy22drMl1ZMzTs6ebU+P155ja45MCVtzxinlj2dvqXE8PV67mNRk6yDn2GPrcZWtlPoJEETUP8d4CAEIQGDVBPR4Vz3W1b5VOiqJgcTFmy6Op/iGAAQgAIGWESAnomUTjrsQgMDoELB7S0fHKiyBAAQgAAEIdCdgr1usRHRnxFkIQAACEIAABCAAAQhAoAcBgogeYDgNAQhAAAIQgAAEIAABCHQnQBDRnQtnIQABCAyEgE1gVL3fsQzyZNL2kn1sMuVGjlOCgbW1JIMStlkdsk222nOq9zsetj+WbWrrsG1LuVlbR802a+u4/Q5SrrKf0kIC9lUY9gUS9jx1CEAAAhAoTyDnb6730idZ5cl47Tk6JOO9YKrUOJ4erz3H1hyfc8YpIeNxzbE1R6aErTlsS43j6fHaa7N1kHPssc35zcpeSn0E7HWLxOoWBo64DIHaCNx4/Q2NS8+dPJHt2ulTp8Otu3cH9ZnaunVZv0cfORIeO3IkLCwsNOend+0Mh+6/f5nMC8/PhkePHAlzZ8405zdt3hymd+4Mt92+d5lcvwOboNZPjjYIQAACEIDAKBCw1y22M43CjGADBCCwZgK64Y838rlKJP/Rffu6ikvf5x58MPzu4cPh5e+/0nzmzsw1AUfsoODi4IEDzcvXvv2dFxsZBRDqN/P08SjGNwQgAAEIQKBaAgQR1U4tjkGgfgJaTdCN++TkZLazktdnz97uKwYzx483KxPbrtrW0Xnt9u1BY52bn2/OaRVCgYRWJ+LYWoHQasTc3PmViU7ndVbSfdPd1HkyXrt05sh4+6BzdJSQydHh2Zrjc844JWRK2DpIfzx7SzAp5U9NtpZiUmJ+PK6ylVI/AYKI+ucYDyFQJYG4GqCtRrp5zylaZVAwoFWGtZS4vUmBgoKHdFwFHgowKBCAAAQgAIHaCZATUfsM4x8EKiWg7UTaZqSchtycCG1jivkPcdtSmhOh7UjS/eSxYyGuRkj/5OREc044e42nFQ7p1RanuELRD7/dW9pPjjYIQAACEIDAKBCw162LRsEgbIAABCCwGgK60ddHN/qrKTGA6NdHKxunT59algOhgOC577zYr9uyNm17mkyStZcJcAABCEAAAhAYcwJsZxrzCcR8CLSNgG7Q9S/+d+/f31kpKMngjn37mhWOr379a53E6muv2x7efvU1nac1lRzP01Vi/3IJHbLT2wddahxPj9eeY6tkPD1ee46OHBmPa46OHJlS/nj2lhrH0+O1i0lNtg5yjj22HlfZSqmfANuZ6p9jPIRAVQT0WFYVuwrRa3tRP8e7bWeKj31VgGIf1arARUFEPN9rvF7bmbT8S4EABCBQEwE9vY7SPgJsZ2rfnOMxBKogoJwG3eirdLsx17mHDx8OWjlYS1m88F6IzUmithKotaUpPnlpautU1wRqJV5LLs2H6HWxtX+M12LvoPuMk73YunG/DthuDNtx47oxFNA6TgTIiRin2cJWCLScgHIaut2Q91oZWC0uBQcq8xce5Zr2n5o6/1I6fSsnQysU9glNCnCijrQvxxCAAAQgAIGaCJATUdNs4gsEILAuAgoIlFj9wuzsspUGPa1pYnKyadMAWunQaoPOx8e+anuUgorpnbvWZQOdIQABCEAAAuNAgCBiHGYJGyEAgVUTUH6Ctges9r0NeoGcXi6nAEH99VGgcPTYU51tSgoglB+xsLAY3nzFlY3MY0eONOfWupVq1Q7SAQIQgAAEIDBEAiRWDxE+Q0MAAu0mME57oDVT42Qvtm7c/1uw3Ri2cN0YrmgtS8D+TlmJKMsWbRCAAAQgAAEIQAACEKieACsR1U8xDkIAAhCAAAQgAAEIQGD9BFiJWD9DNEAAAhCAAAQgAAEIQKC1BNjO1Nqpx3EIQAACEIAABCAAAQisjQBBxNq40QsCEIAABCAAAQhAAAKtJUAQ0dqpx3EIQAACEIAABCAAAQisjQBBxNq40QsCEIAABCAAAQhAAAKtJUAQ0dqpx3EIQAACEIAABCAAAQisjQBBxNq40QsCEIDAmgjEN2nrLdi26M3aN15/Q+ct2W+/+prw6CNHrMiG10+fOt0ZX4/xix+9ldsW2RXf1C2ZW3fvXvWbwa2+tdZnnj4exCnaece+fStU2TePS04y5+bnV8ht5Anxijb+/+3dTXMcxRnA8aEqZ+sTSIEKRymkkpvlkORoOSQ5WsbADQvLcAMXL0fHxcsN4iC4ERzMkYJYPqaSWNyoAqQjVYD0BZC+gFL/kZ5xa5jVjqXe0TD+d9V6R7O9PU//Zhb6menZbXpO4+6LberGvm46FtM6J2XLvuT4C1eWN9bXD+zOeh3q8jnsuhBbuq9j+20++133IY7DiLH+HP+tqFtTrw/HRT1e/56QwG5SfvHzh5O/XFRAAQUUyClw9393d/nvLI8ffvihaprlX//ysd2nn3yyWr/y93fLerf++VFVb9ILsc3N778fuanVf90u43rz9derOsRNnw57X1U50wKx/v63j++uf/112SLP/E0sUYgR1zAkvj//8YmyXtQ5yWdiJb5w64vtlcuXS6M4RomPODGP0gdb4mOfE2+UMOSzFoV9ziOOFerQn1dffjmqTPyZGNlmGisbbfvZ77IP7Gdi5dFUcOQ1PvNhGvX6cFxELD5PRoD9HsUrERNKzmxWAQUUSAW48sAZuqmpqXR1ucyZSF6/dv169fql55aK6ZmZYmPj4FnVH70544qtrc1ym2x3VFlbu1vWefHq1aoKcVM4O9lFwer9lZXi/OJiMTs3V26SZ/4mhrjSsHp7tTh7bqE4f2GxrEO/qMPrUaeLeJu2wZleYsUxvPtgiwvH48K5hepYJL7Zudni41u3qq70wZZjgHhfSo5F9vf8mfnqSgOvc7Y8PVaow6OL45Vtc4VxYeFcZZcutPnsd9UHPldcLdnZ2S5On5lPw6yWuYLD49mlpWpdutCH4yKNx+XJCphETNbX1hVQQIFS4IXl5XJQFgPalIVEgeQiBpPxGoMhBhldFQZVbPOwQh0GlGkhbh4MgrsoMfBioJsWEq9vvvu2jIWBF4/p6YMJUfSPwc5JlUiCysRnP8Ehlj7YHmaysz8Fry+2eMWxl8aNK4N3nKlDqR+zs7Nz5fHRNB0nbeu4y89cfKo4u7CXtDS11eaz31UfOMlxamqqTGybYo3E9+0bN5peLj37+plrDNiVxxYwiTg2oQ0ooIAChwswd39jfaN458bfGivyWj2BoCKJBQMhHpMubCMGh+n9DgwsokSdmYYrFcS6tbkVVSf6TBxsb3Nz68B8+DRWTCn1WBkkUTjbelKFM+j04VJyNrcvthyHJLokWcRE4bjAM84+99k23afl8by1d/9L/fPF8bPXt8keswy4SW5HlTaffa4QUibdh/OLF4p3RiQIbJ8E/JPPPi0/e039+akcF02xu+5oAiYRR3PzXQoooEArAQYycfm/Pgho1cD+IK5t3aPWiwEAg+wvvvqyPKPPWX3iZ4pDm0LdLkoMqri6w8CHOImZPrSNdbOjWJs8SCo5W86UmralK1viielpkUxy8zpn8g8bDKf96MqWmOLqSLr9OHOfrhu1POlY48rXqO2PW99mv+fqw7hYOWaPU3LFeZwYfG9eAZOIvJ62poACChwQeH75yn0NwA68ucM/GEAwGK+fiTy7cK6cEsLAty+FM+Q8ODMeA3HOLMc9EfcziOy6TzgSO7H2sRAbc/hnZqarRJIEjdI2QeuqX3ElJ70CRcLeZuDdVYxuR4EhC5hEDHnv2jcFFDhRAeYQMygbNYe4bXBHvYLRtv3D6sVc8jj7f1jdruKMKUr1M6cRa5t57tHGYf2ZxGt3Vm+X00Ei+Wm7ja5s96berRfPLj1XhUaCFslkmwStK1tMPrj5YZk0xFe8EnRMu4opS1VHGha6irVh061Wtdnvfe9DdPSnEmfE6/N4AZOI8UbWUEABBY4kEN8eE9NCGOiQWFBYx1lTCoPfprOnJCAMhNoMhsqGJvjPqVN7cTCoaZqWQKzTM9MTjOBe08RC2d7eubcyWcIrEop6rDH9JdpI3tbJIlOuiK2+T/m7D7Zxr0j4BUr8TYIWy32wZYrNBzdvVldN+LYrEt7wjBvr658vjldKV8dsONafsazHRp30s9/3PkSf+nRcREw+T1bAJGKyvraugAIPsEB6bwFThXjEvHJei69J5ZtiGDTUBxOc9Y3/MU+akeSGJKd+pjnulYiz/jzHuoiJuHnQjy5KxPJ57dugIi5eZ0DOo34FJfp33PndR+lnfGPQ6fkzjW/vg+3oAetewoZbX2w5ZknG64XjIK70xLESx0bUjW9FOonjIGLguc1nv+99iP705biIeHyevIBJxOSN3YICCihwqAADHs6cMrc7zpAyQGJgzo3DXRS+kYdBwPsr71abIxam3/BaDLbm58+UcaXz0Fkm/qavr60ay7hALGyLqTeReBErv2MQ/WBzfAUsdXhQqEsd3h8Ds4xhjW0qBrJYNZU+2Ma+Tu8twJbjArNw64NtfMVveizyuSHeSNA5ptnf762sVL9kzVcE8+jqeG3a17GuzWe/732IvvDch+MijcflCQvEr87xnP4KXbreZQUUUECBPAL8oiv/reWXatPCryrzq7S8xoNfhE1/ITitO6llfpn4yuXLY2OIX7SNWImbXwHuutTjqHthzK8SR5w88yvR8QvRJxEvMaS/plyPod6nk7BtcuO4TUtTnZOw5bhLPzdNMfCryqxPj4Muf6063PhM8/mqlzaf/a77QJyjfrGa+DlO8az/YnVfjou6sX/nE2C/R3mIhchTuJTN5XaLAgoooIACCiiggAIKKJAKpLmC05lSGZcVUEABBRRQQAEFFFBgrIBJxFgiKyiggAIKKKCAAgoooEAqYBKRarisgAIKKKCAAgoooIACYwVMIsYSWUEBBRRQQAEFFFBAAQVSAZOIVMNlBRRQQAEFFFBAAQUUGCtgEjGWyAoKKKCAAgoooIACCiiQCphEpBouK6CAAgoooIACCiigwFgBk4ixRFZQQAEFFFBAAQUUUECBVMAkItVwWQEFFFBAAQUUUEABBcYKmESMJbKCAgoooIACCiiggAIKpAImEamGywoooIACgxR47ZVXivfeXRlk30Z1amtzs3jm4sViY319VJVO1//liT8Vd26vHnmb7D/68+jDj1QP9iv9tCigQPcCJhHdm7tFBRRQQIEOBRhEf/zRrQ632I9Nrd5eLdburvUiGAb6PM6eWxgZTyQIb73xxo/q8Nr7KyvF6fkzxTfffVs+Pvns07JNkpO+JEo/CtwVCgxYwCRiwDvXrimggAIKKNAHAZKZ2bnZkaGQ5EWCQEKQXl3gagPvf/vGjeLSc0tVG7Nzc+U6Vrz2yqvVehcUUKAbAZOIbpzdigIKKKDACQgwfYYz1RTOcP/msV9VUfBanP1migzL6Rltps+wnuc/PP67agoNf1MvfW969vyw91Ub31+ot/388nKxvb1dVSN2thPbIn5eZ5BN3XRqD3Vi8E08ERNtUJfC+2M5NoID7cRUo1HbpD5tptsk/jblzurt4uzCuTZVD9ShPyQY82fmy8eBF4uimJqaKl68erXxtXpd/1ZAgbwCJhF5PW1NAQUUUKBHAkyfYdoLhcHmF199WS5zZjsG0zE9hheeufhUNRAvKxZFcWd1tfjHzQ/LKTTnLyyWA2nqnV+8UK6jXQbT9SlTTL956erVss6169fL96WDbpYZlJ9fXCzr/Pu//ym2NrfKGGLbPO+dxZ+r2mHg/PTFp4qd7e1yHfHz3u3tneL55SvlW4mJB4X+v3PjRrnc9p+mbZKk0EfaYps800euFIwrG+sbhw70cf187W6ZoHCFYXpmpmySOChcpRhVeG/0dVQd1yugQH4Bk4j8praogAIKKNBzAQa+DFQ/uHmzipTlU1NTxZu1OfkM8mNQG2fTn11aqub3M8WGgf3GxsEbmNM6DHRJaBh0UzjDTgLBupiiwzauXf9reZUjTTaoTwwU6jOQ5/3pwJn3craeKyTplYzyTUf8p75NBvRpn4iFv4knvYJT3xxXOIgvDOuvx9/4k5yk/Yq+4GtRQIF+CZhE9Gt/GI0CCiigwIQFGIDzYNBdL8zb/7x2M3I6l39q6lT9LdXfMeCNFQu1m4hnZ+fKAT6D8TjDPl87w85ZeAbMnJWPwt/pAJyEhME2hUSEB1cJ6olHvP8oz/VtRoJU71MYRn+atrW2drc4uzD6huqm97hOAQX6L/Cz/odohAoooIACCuQTiME+Z9B5NJWo0/Ra23Vc1UjLzP4UHaYhRftcEWmaDsTUpMMKSQMDd5IOBvJM92E5ZyKRbj/i5d6QprKzc+8+jvrrxHnt+v3fD0E7cQUitl9v278VUODkBEwiTs7eLSuggAIKnIBADEyZRpROnZl0KJv7v2dAchExcF8B04Lup5AoMDCvv7cpGbmfdg+rG/FyT0ksH1Y/XosrFHHFIta3fcaGKy1cmYlpX03vpU467aypjusUUCCvgNOZ8nramgIKKKBAzwVifn4McNNw+WYiHjlKfVoUU4IYgDOgjkF1TBOK7XHGnW9QYlA8qsR7TtemY3HzcpvClZC0RHKTrqsvMxWLUu9T/Zud6u/jXonoa/21Nn/jxfQt9lXT/qINrsrwmxjplK82bVtHAQWOJ2AScTw/362AAgoo0HOBOHPOlBvuhaBcWloqbwaOb2hiHWfyGfTmujrBDdpxwzFXDxhwcyMyhQEvg2PWxxQkEogXlpfLm8OCM3YAAASJSURBVLujXlm59k8M6OMmbV6mH7GtSBKi33zjU/SbxINkI+oSU9pObVPVn8TKdCn6xHsotMHfJAmjrqbwzVb1+z6qRlsusD/YBjZhFdsn4SO54NuvLAoo0K2ASUS33m5NAQUUUKBjgXTAzpx+BusMipkOxIA7fveAwTXrjnPmPO0aNyHzVbC0//GtW+VAN52Sw8CXATKvUSd+w4Kvk40EIG0vlmmDBwPqiJ36kfzEFQkG9vSFBCO++pVtkkgw+N6L66MqsYn2Rz3zVbH0ifZ4L23QfvoNV+l74wb2UQlGWnfcMtsovwlq3yq2z03vfL1trn02Lg5fV0CBewIP7e7u7saffCjjGx9inc8KKKCAAgoo0F6AwT3TkRh0c/beooACCgxFIM0VvBIxlL1qPxRQQAEFFFBAAQUU6EjAJKIjaDejgAIKKKCAAgoooMBQBJzONJQ9aT8UUEABBRRQQAEFFJiggNOZJohr0woooIACCiiggAIKDF3A6UxD38P2TwEFFFBAAQUUUECBzAImEZlBbU4BBRRQQAEFFFBAgaELmEQMfQ/bPwUUUEABBRRQQAEFMguYRGQGtTkFFFBAAQUUUEABBYYuYBIx9D1s/xRQQAEFFFBAAQUUyCxgEpEZ1OYUUEABBRRQQAEFFBi6gEnE0Pew/VNAAQUUUEABBRRQILOASURmUJtTQAEFFFBAAQUUUGDoAiYRQ9/D9k8BBRRQQAEFFFBAgcwCJhGZQW1OAQUUUEABBRRQQIGhC5hEDH0P2z8FFFBAAQUUUEABBTILmERkBrU5BRRQQAEFFFBAAQWGLmASMfQ9bP8UUEABBRRQQAEFFMgsYBKRGdTmFFBAAQUUUEABBRQYuoBJxND3sP1TQAEFFFBAAQUUUCCzgElEZlCbU0ABBRRQQAEFFFBg6AImEUPfw/ZPAQUUUEABBRRQQIHMAiYRmUFtTgEFFFBAAQUUUECBoQuYRAx9D9s/BRRQQAEFFFBAAQUyC5hEZAa1OQUUUEABBRRQQAEFhi5gEjH0PWz/FFBAAQUUUEABBRTILGASkRnU5hRQQAEFFFBAAQUUGLqAScTQ97D9U0ABBRRQQAEFFFAgs4BJRGZQm1NAAQUUUEABBRRQYOgCJhFD38P2TwEFFFBAAQUUUECBzAImEZlBbU4BBRRQQAEFFFBAgaELmEQMfQ/bPwUUUEABBRRQQAEFMguYRGQGtTkFFFBAAQUUUEABBYYuYBIx9D1s/xRQQAEFFFBAAQUUyCxgEpEZ1OYUUEABBRRQQAEFFBi6gEnE0Pew/VNAAQUUUEABBRRQILOASURmUJtTQAEFFFBAAQUUUGDoAiYRQ9/D9k8BBRRQQAEFFFBAgcwCJhGZQW1OAQUUUEABBRRQQIGhCzy0u7u7SycfffiRoffV/imggAIKKKCAAgoooMAxBb757tuiSiKO2ZZvV0ABBRRQQAEFFFBAgQdEwOlMD8iOtpsKKKCAAgoooIACCuQSMInIJWk7CiiggAIKKKCAAgo8IAImEQ/IjrabCiiggAIKKKCAAgrkEvg/p2MX5RTAbQIAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The uncertainty in the values for specific heat capacity is 5%.</p>
<p>Water of mass (100 ± 2) g is heated from (75.0 ± 0.5) °C to (85.0 ± 0.5) °C.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the line of best-fit for the data.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the gradient of the line at a temperature of 80 °C.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the unit for the quantity represented by the gradient in your answer to (b)(i).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of the water from 75 °C to 85 °C.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Using an appropriate error calculation, justify the number of significant figures that should be used for your answer to (c)(i).</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>single smooth curve passing through all data points</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not accept straight lines joining the dots </em></p>
<p><em>Curve must touch some part of every x</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>tangent drawn at 80 °C</p>
<p>gradient values separated by minimum of 20 °C</p>
<p>9.0 × 10<sup>–4</sup> «kJ kg<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–2</sup>»</p>
<p><em>Do not accept tangent unless “ruler” straight.</em></p>
<p><em>Tangent line must be touching the curve drawn for MP1 to be awarded.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept values between 7.0 × 10<sup>–4</sup> and 10 × 10<sup>–4</sup>.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept working in J, giving 0.7 to 1.0</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>kJ kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−2</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept J instead of kJ</em></p>
<p><em>Accept °C<sup>–2</sup> instead of K<sup>−2</sup></em></p>
<p><em>Accept °C<sup>–1</sup> K<sup>–1</sup> instead of K<sup>−2</sup></em></p>
<p><em>Accept C for °C</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«0.1 x 4.198 x 10 =» 4.198 «kJ» <em><strong>or</strong></em> 4198 «J»</p>
<p><em>Accept values between 4.19 and 4.21</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>percentage uncertainty in Δ<em>T</em> = 10%</p>
<p>«2% + 5% + 10%» = 17%</p>
<p>absolute uncertainty «0.17 × 4.198 =» 0.7 «kJ» therefore 2 sig figs</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>absolute uncertainty to more than 1 sig fig and consistent final answer</p>
<p><em>Allow fractional uncertainties in MP1 and MP2</em></p>
<p><em>Watch for ECF from (c)(i)<br></em></p>
<p><em>Watch for ECF from MP1</em></p>
<p><em>Watch for ECF from MP2<br></em></p>
<p><em>Do not accept an answer without justification</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>