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</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
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<p>Which analytical technique is used to measure bond lengths in solid compounds?</p>
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<div class="column">A. IR spectroscopy<br>B. Mass spectroscopy<br>C. NMR spectroscopy<br>D. X-ray crystallography</div>
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which would be the most effective method to distinguish between liquid propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol?</p>
<p>A. Observation of colour change when warmed with acidified potassium dichromate</p>
<p>B. Determination of <em>m</em>/<em>z </em>value of molecular ion in the mass spectrum</p>
<p>C. Determination of percentage composition</p>
<p>D. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compound gives this <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>A. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>B. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH</p>
<p>C. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>D. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which technique can be used to identify bond length and bond angle?</p>
<p>A. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
<p>B. IR spectroscopy</p>
<p>C. Mass spectroscopy</p>
<p>D. X-ray crystallography</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which property explains why tetramethylsilane, Si(CH<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>)<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub>, can be used as a reference standard in <sup><span class="s1">1</span></sup>H NMR spectroscopy?</p>
<p class="p1">A. It has a high boiling point.</p>
<p class="p1">B. It is a reactive compound.</p>
<p class="p1">C. All its protons are in the same chemical environment.</p>
<p class="p1">D. It gives multiple signals.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which technique is used to determine the bond lengths and bond angles of a molecule?</p>
<p>A. X-ray crystallography</p>
<p>B. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy</p>
<p>C. Mass spectroscopy</p>
<p>D. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br>