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</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>At 700 ºC, the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for the reaction is 1.075 × 10<sup>8</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">2H<sub>2</sub> (g) + S<sub>2</sub> (g) \( \rightleftharpoons \) 2H<sub>2</sub>S (g)</p>
<p>Which relationship is always correct for the equilibrium at this temperature?</p>
<p>A. [H<sub>2</sub>S]<sup>2</sup> < [H<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2</sup> [S<sub>2</sub>]</p>
<p>B. [S<sub>2</sub>] = 2[H<sub>2</sub>S]</p>
<p>C. [H<sub>2</sub>S] < [S<sub>2</sub>]</p>
<p>D. [H<sub>2</sub>S]<sup>2</sup> > [H<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2</sup>[S<sub>2</sub>]</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>1.0 mol of N<sub>2</sub>(g), 1.0 mol of H<sub>2</sub>(g) and 1.0 mol of NH<sub>3</sub>(g) are placed in a 1.0 dm<sup>3</sup> sealed flask and left to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium the concentration of N<sub>2</sub>(g) is 0.8 mol dm<sup>−3</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) \( \rightleftharpoons \) 2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)</p>
<p>What are the equilibrium concentration of H<sub>2</sub>(g) and NH<sub>3</sub>(g) in mol dm<sup>−3</sup>?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_09.56.26.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/23"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The equation for the reaction between two gases, A and B, is:</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{2A(g)}} + {\text{3B(g)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C(g)}} + {\text{3D(g)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">When the reaction is at equilibrium at 600 K the concentrations of A, B, C and D are 2, 1, 3 and 2 \({\text{mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) respectively. What is the value of the equilibrium constant at 600 K?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{1}{6}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\(\frac{9}{7}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>6</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Components X and Y are mixed together and allowed to reach equilibrium. The concentrations of X, Y, W and Z in the equilibrium mixture are 4, 1, 4 and \({\text{2 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) respectively.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">X + 2Y \( \rightleftharpoons \) 2W + Z</p>
<p>What is the value of the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>?</p>
<p>A. \(\frac{1}{8}\)</p>
<p>B. \(\frac{1}{2}\)</p>
<p>C. 2</p>
<p>D. 8</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A mixture of 2.0 mol of \({{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\) and 2.0 mol of \({{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}}\) is allowed to reach equilibrium in the gaseous state at a certain temperature in a \({\text{1.0 d}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) flask. At equilibrium, 3.0 mol of HI are present. What is the value of \({K_{\text{c}}}\) for this reaction?</p>
<p>\[{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} + {{\text{I}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{2HI(g)}}\]</p>
<p>A. \({K_{\text{c}}} = \frac{{{{(3.0)}^2}}}{{{{(0.5)}^2}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({K_{\text{c}}} = \frac{{3.0}}{{{{(0.5)}^2}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({K_{\text{c}}} = \frac{{{{(3.0)}^2}}}{{{{(2.0)}^2}}}\)</p>
<p>D. \({K_{\text{c}}} = \frac{{{{(0.5)}^2}}}{{{{(3.0)}^2}}}\)</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the relationship between \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}}\), \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}\) and \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{w}}}\) for a conjugate acid–base pair?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{p}}{K_{\text{w}}} + {\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}\)</p>
<p>B. \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}} = {\text{p}}{K_{\text{w}}} - {\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}\)</p>
<p>C. \({\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}} \times {\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}} = {\text{p}}{K_{\text{w}}}\)</p>
<p>D. \(\frac{{{\text{p}}{K_{\text{a}}}}}{{{\text{p}}{K_{\text{b}}}}} = {\text{p}}{K_{\text{w}}}\)</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The indicator, HIn is used in a titration between an acid and base. Which statement about the dissociation of the indicator, HIn is correct?</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{HIn(aq)}} \rightleftharpoons {{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;">colour A <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>colour B</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In a strongly alkaline solution, colour B would be observed.</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In a strongly acidic solution, colour B would be observed.</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{[I}}{{\text{n}}^ - }{\text{]}}\) is greater than [HIn] at the equivalence point.</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In a weakly acidic solution colour B would be observed.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">When gaseous nitrosyl chloride, NOCl (g), decomposes, the following equilibrium is established:</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{2NOCl(g)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{2NO(g)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">2.0 mol of NOCl(g) were placed in a \({\text{1.0 d}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) container and allowed to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium 1.0 mol of NOCl(g) was present. What is the value of \({K_{\text{c}}}\)?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>0.50</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1.0</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1.5</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>2.0</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">A mixture of 0.40 mol of CO (g) and 0.40 mol of H<sub><span class="s1">2 </span></sub>(g) was placed in a 1.00 dm<sup><span class="s1">3 </span></sup>vessel. The following equilibrium was established.</p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;">CO (g) <span class="s2">+ </span>2H<sub><span class="s1">2 </span></sub>(g) <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB0AAAAWCAYAAAA8VJfMAAABFklEQVRIDeWUIQ7CMBSGO9wMCoOt5QoVGM7AGSZw6CUcYVfYARAwMSSKBIJCkRSPKg5CUvKTDkJWoB2DhoXQpKLv9f1f0vf+egBAvrxqX+ZluF+HHshmMiaL3an48VRPnSwxRciaoN0YXNoViT1dMisSBLQOGiQQllK3UAByHaHtN8DCqRHsHApIiLQHSszgHFQgDajyrMPdAOsNH3qcg1qa8EFK8iWWQp8sT+kVz7jbG5V8Drnn3YMnfTDfZU+VVgcRP2oNykEvccljdJXXXjC5plTi8ABVtTdwgclLcLSrT6EZ+GrydrSCPnta/VsHIzQz+WwA5rcQpNu3xE1FFqgq2YOnI8zvfGYSezX+Pz6t5HOoBHoG7fbWQ+6ds6MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt><span class="s3"> </span>CH<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>OH (g)</p>
<p class="p3">At equilibrium, the mixture contained 0.25 mol of CO (g). How many moles of H<sub><span class="s1">2 </span></sub>(g) and CH<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>OH (g) were present at equilibrium?</p>
<p class="p3"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
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<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
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[N/A]
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" alt></div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The graph shows values of Δ<em>G</em> for a reaction at different temperatures.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
<p>Which statement is correct?</p>
<p>A. The standard entropy change of the reaction is negative.</p>
<p>B. The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is positive.</p>
<p>C. At higher temperatures, the reaction becomes less spontaneous.</p>
<p>D. The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is negative.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>