File "markSceme-SL-paper3.html"
Path: /IB QUESTIONBANKS/4 Fourth Edition - PAPER/HTML/Chemistry/Option D/markSceme-SL-paper3html
File size: 758.59 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>IB Questionbank</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/application-746ec5d03ead8d9e8b3bb7d32173f2b4e2e22a05f0c5278e086ab55b3c9c238e.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="css/print-6da094505524acaa25ea39a4dd5d6130a436fc43336c0bb89199951b860e98e9.css">
<script src="js/application-3c91afd8a2942c18d21ed2700e1bdec14ada97f1d3788ae229315e1276d81453.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML-full"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js'></script>
<![endif]-->
<meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token">
<meta name="csrf-token" content="iHF+M3VlRFlNEehLVICYgYgqiF8jIFlzjGNjIwqOK9cFH3ZNdavBJrv/YQpz8vcspoICfQcFHW8kSsHnJsBwfg==">
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
</head>
<body class="teacher questions-show">
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<div class="brand">
<div class="inner"><a href="http://ibo.org/">ibo.org</a></div>
</div>
<ul class="nav">
<li>
<a href="../../index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<li class="active dropdown">
<a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
Questionbanks
<b class="caret"></b>
</a><ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>
<a href="../../geography.html" target="_blank">DP Geography</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../physics.html" target="_blank">DP Physics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../chemistry.html" target="_blank">DP Chemistry</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../biology.html" target="_blank">DP Biology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../furtherMath.html" target="_blank">DP Further Mathematics HL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../mathHL.html" target="_blank">DP Mathematics HL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../mathSL.html" target="_blank">DP Mathematics SL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../mathStudies.html" target="_blank">DP Mathematical Studies</a>
</li>
</ul></li>
<!-- - if current_user.is_language_services? && !current_user.is_publishing? -->
<!-- %li= link_to "Language services", tolk_path -->
</ul>
<ul class="nav pull-right">
<li>
<a href="https://06082010.xyz">IB Documents (2) Team</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-content container">
<div class="row">
<div class="span24">
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="span16">
<p class="back-to-list">
</p>
</div>
<div class="span8" style="margin: 0 0 -19px 0;">
<img style="width: 100%;" class="qb_logo" src="images/logo.jpg" alt="Ib qb 46 logo">
</div>
</div>
</div><h2>SL Paper 3</h2><div class="specification">
<p>New drugs undergo thorough clinical trials before they are approved.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the difference between the therapeutic index in animal studies and the therapeutic index in humans.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the method of drug administration that gives the maximum bioavailability.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>in animal studies \(\frac{{{\text{LD50}}}}{{{\text{ED50}}}}\) <em><strong>AND</strong></em> in humans \(\frac{{{\text{TD50}}}}{{{\text{ED50}}}}\)</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>in animal studies lethal dose/LD50 <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>in humans toxic dose/TD50</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>intravenous/IV «injection»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>injection into the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">blood</span>stream</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Antiviral drugs are designed to take different approaches to fighting viruses.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how oseltamivir (Tamiflu<sup>®</sup>) works.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Oseltamivir was commercially produced from shikimic acid, a precursor which is a metabolite in micro-organisms and plants.</p>
<p>Outline how green chemistry was used to develop the precursor for oseltamivir in order to overcome a shortage of the drug during the flu season.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the administration of antibiotics to humans and animals can affect the environment.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«drug» blocks/inhibits «viral» enzyme/neuraminidase/NA «activity»</p>
<p>prevents virus from leaving/escaping host cells «thus cannot infect other cells»</p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong><em>ALTERNATIVE 1:</em></strong><br>«using» genetically modified/GM <em>E. Coli</em>/bacteria/microorganisms</p>
<p><em>E. Coli</em>/bacteria biosynthesis<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br><em>E. Coli</em>/bacteria «overfed by glucose» undergo fermentation<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>cells of the bacteria «are broken down to» form precursor/shikimic acid</p>
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></em><br>use readily available cyclic ester/lactone</p>
<p>forms «the correct stereoisomer of oseltamivir» in a shorter number of chemical steps</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “planting more Chinese star anise” or “other plant sources of shikimic acid”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«can develop antibiotic» resistance in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">bacteria</span>/<span style="text-decoration: underline;">microorganisms</span><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>changes in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">microbial</span>/<span style="text-decoration: underline;">bacterial</span> population</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept secondary effects, such as reduced biodiversity of aquatic/soil ecosystems, denitrification of soil (due to decline in nitrogen-fixing bacteria). No mark for just stating “water contamination”.</em></p>
<p><em>No mark for just stating “failure of aquatic/marine environment”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Excess stomach acid leads to medical conditions that affect many people worldwide. These conditions can be treated with several types of medical drugs.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ranitidine (Zantac) is a drug that inhibits stomach acid production. Outline why the development of this drug was based on a detailed knowledge of the structure of histamine, shown below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Two other drugs, omeprazole (Prilosec) and esomeprazole (Nexium), directly prevent the release of acid into the stomach. Identify the site of action in the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A different approach to treating excess stomach acid is to neutralize it with antacids. Formulate an equation that shows the action of an antacid that can neutralize three moles of hydrogen ions, H<sup>+</sup>, per mole of antacid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«ranitidine» blocks/inhibits histamine binding to «H2» receptor<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>ranitidine binds to same «H2» receptors «as histamine»<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>competes with histamine for binding</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>proton pump<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>H<sup>+</sup> /K<sup>+</sup> ATPase enzyme</p>
<p><em>Accept “«secretary surface of» parietal cells”.<br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “stomach/stomach wall”</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>(s) + 3H<sup>+</sup> (aq) → Al<sup>3+</sup> (aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O (l)<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>(s) + 3HCl (aq) → AlCl<sub>3</sub> (aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium hydroxide is the active ingredient in a common antacid.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate the equation for the neutralization of stomach acid with magnesium hydroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the mass of HCl, in g, that can be neutralized by the standard adult dose of 1.00g magnesium hydroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare and contrast the use of omeprazole (Prilosec) and magnesium hydroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>Mg (OH)<sub>2</sub>(s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) + MgCl<sub>2</sub> (aq)<br> <em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Mg (OH)<sub>2</sub> (s) + 2H<sup>+</sup> (aq) → Mg<sup>2+</sup> (aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>\(\frac{{1.00}}{{58.33}}\)=0.0171«molMg(OH)<sub>2</sub>»<br>«0.0171×2×36.46=»1.25«g»</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for 1.25 or 1.26 «g».</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 24">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>Award <em><strong>[1 max]</strong></em> for any similarity:<br> both compounds relieve symptoms of acid reflux/heartburn/indigestion <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> both increase the stomach pH </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>both cause diarrhoea</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for any two differences:</em></p>
</div>
<div class="column">
<p>omeprazole stops the production of acid/is a proton-pump inhibitor <em><strong>AND</strong></em> magnesium hydroxide neutralizes the <strong>«</strong>excess<strong>»</strong> acid that is present<strong><br></strong>omeprazole takes longer <strong>«</strong>than magnesium hydroxide<strong>»</strong> to provide relief <br>omeprazole is used to treat ulcers while magnesium hydroxide is not</p>
<p>omeprazole can prevent long term damage from overproduction of acid <em><strong>AND</strong></em> magnesium hydroxide does not<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>omeprazole has a long term effect <em><strong>AND</strong></em> magnesium hydroxide has a short-term effect <strong>«</strong>only<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>magnesium hydroxide affects ionic balance in the body <em><strong>AND</strong></em> omeprazole does not</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if two or three correct points are given about one of the compounds without addressing the other compound.</em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen), morphine and diamorphine (heroin) are all pain killers. Their structures are given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Aspirin is thought to interfere with the production of prostaglandins. Explain how this produces an analgesic effect.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain how morphine can prevent pain.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally considered to be safe to use as an analgesic in small doses. Other than the possibility of death, outline the problems associated with taking larger doses of paracetamol.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State <strong>one </strong>important use for aspirin other than the relief of pain and fever.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain what is meant by the term <em>tolerance </em>and suggest why this is a particular problem for heroin users.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">prostaglandins are involved in the transmission of pain impulses (to the brain) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">morphine (temporarily) bonds to/inhibits receptor sites in the brain (without depressing central nervous system) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">causes blood disorders;</p>
<p class="p1">causes damage to kidney;</p>
<p class="p1">causes damage to liver;</p>
<p class="p1">causes damage to brain;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">preventing (recurrence of) heart attacks/strokes / reduces blood clotting / thins the blood / anti-inflammatory;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>tolerance: </em>more of the drug needs to be taken to achieve the initial effect / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">in order to achieve the desired effect heroin users may reach/exceed the lethal dose / heroin users are more likely to commit crimes to pay for gradually increasing doses of the drug / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This question was generally answered very well compared with other sections of the paper. In part (a) most candidates knew that prostaglandins is involved in the transmission of pain impulses to the brain.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (b) there was some confusion between signals and receptors when describing how morphine can prevent pain.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (c) most candidates could outline problems associated with larger doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen), although some candidates confused aspirin and paracetamol and incorrectly referred to Reye’s syndrome or stomach bleeding.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates stated a use for aspirin other than relief of pain or fever in part (d).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (f) most candidates successfully stated the meaning of tolerance and suggested why it is a particular problem for heroin users.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Radioisotopes are used to diagnose and treat various diseases. Explain the low environmental impact of most medical nuclear waste.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>emits weak ionising radiation</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>low activity/radioactivity</p>
<p>can be stored until material becomes inactive <strong>AND</strong> then disposed with normal waste</p>
<p>«isotopes» have short lives</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>exist for a short period of time</p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for “low-level waste/LLW”.</em></p>
<p><em><strong>[Max 2 Marks]</strong></em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Molecules of antibiotics often contain a beta-lactam ring. Explain the importance of the betalactam ring in the action of penicillin, using section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>ring is «sterically» strained</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>angles of 90° instead of 109.5/109/120° angles</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>angles smaller than 109.5/109/120°/tetrahedral/trigonal planar/triangular planar angle</p>
<p>ring breaks up/opens/reacts «easily»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>amido/amine group «in ring» is «highly» reactive</p>
<p>binds to/reacts with/interferes with/inactivates <span style="text-decoration: underline;">transpeptidase</span></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>binds to/reacts with/interferes with/inactivates <span style="text-decoration: underline;">enzyme</span> responsible for bacterial cell wall formation/cross-linking</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are mild analgesics.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Morphine is a strong analgesic which is administered parenterally.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain why it is dangerous to take aspirin when ethanol has also been consumed.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the meaning of the term <em>parenteral</em>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain how a strong analgesic such as morphine prevents pain.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The structures of morphine and diamorphine (heroin) are shown in Table 20 of the Data Booklet. State the name of a functional group present in diamorphine (heroin) but not in morphine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">increased risk of stomach bleeding;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">administered by injection;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(temporarily) bond to receptor sites in the brain/CNS;</p>
<p class="p1">prevent the transmission of pain impulses;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">ester;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates were very familiar with analgesics and the synergistic effect of ethanol and aspirin.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many of the weaker candidates thought that parenteral administration of morphine required supervision by parents or authorities. Assessment statement D.1.3 outlines the meaning of this technique.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates gave good descriptions of how morphine prevents pain.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Some analgesics are derived from compounds found in plants.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Aspirin is a mild analgesic derived from salicylic acid found in willow bark.</p>
<p>Describe how mild analgesics function.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The strong analgesics morphine and codeine are opiates. Outline how codeine can be synthesized from morphine. The structures of morphine and codeine are in section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why opiates are addictive.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>prevents/interferes with the production of prostaglandins</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>prevents/interferes with the production of substances responsible for</p>
<p>inflammation/pain/fever</p>
<p>at the site of injury/source of pain</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>react with CH<sub>3</sub>I/methyl iodide «in alkaline solution»</p>
<p><em>Accept “react with CH3Cl/methyl chloride” <strong>OR</strong> “react with methyl halide”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept name or formula of a suitable specific methylating reagent (eg trimethylphenylammonium chloride etc.).</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “hydroxy/alcohol” but <strong>not </strong>“hydroxide” for “hydroxyl”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>interact with opioid receptors in the brain</p>
<p>alter the structure of brain cells</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>alter the way the brain works «so that it only works normally when the opiates are present»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>prevents transmission of pain impulses inside the brain</p>
<p>release dopamine «that the person craves»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>give a feeling of pleasure/euphoria «that the person craves»</p>
<p>withdrawal symptoms «prevent patient from terminating drug use»</p>
<p><em>Accept specific withdrawal symptoms.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[Max 2 Marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The production of many pharmaceutical drugs involves the use of solvents.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> problem associated with chlorinated organic solvents as chemical waste.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest how the principles of green chemistry can be used to solve the environmental problems caused by organic solvents.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any of:</em></p>
<p>«most are» toxic «to living organisms»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>incomplete combustion/incineration can produce toxic products/dioxins/phosgene<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>carcinogenic</p>
<p>«some can be» greenhouse gases</p>
<p>ozone-depleting</p>
<p>can contribute to formation of «photochemical» smog</p>
<p>accumulate in groundwater<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>have limited biodegradability</p>
<p>cost/hazards of disposal</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “harmful to the environment”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept just “pollutes water”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>use organic solvent-free synthetic methods<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>use water as a solvent<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>based on atom economy<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>recover/reuse solvents</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Excess acid in the stomach can cause discomfort and more serious health issues.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how ranitidine (Zantac) reduces stomach acid production.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The pH is maintained in different fluids in the body by the use of buffers.</p>
<p>Calculate the pH of a buffer solution of 0.0200 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> carbonic acid, H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and 0.400 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>. The p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> of carbonic acid is 6.35.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>blocks/binds to H2/histamine receptors «in cells of stomach lining»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>prevents histamine binding to H2/histamine receptors «and triggering acid secretion»<br><br>prevents parietal cells from releasing/producing acid</p>
<p><em>Accept "H2-receptor antagonist/H2RA" <strong>OR</strong> "blocks/inhibits action of histamine" for M1.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1</strong></em></p>
<p>pH = «p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> + log \(\frac{{\left[ {{{\text{A}}^ - }} \right]}}{{\left[ {{\text{HA}}} \right]}}\) =» 6.35 + log (\(\frac{{0.400}}{{0.0200}}\))</p>
<p>«pH =» 7.65</p>
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2</strong></em></p>
<p><em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 4.5 x 10<sup>–7</sup></p>
<p>«<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 0.400 x \(\frac{{\left[ {{{\text{H}}^ + }} \right]}}{{0.0200}}\), [H<sup>+</sup>] =» 2.3 x 10<sup>–8</sup> «mol dm<sup>–3</sup>»</p>
<p>«pH =» 7.64</p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “pH = 8”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Many diseases are the result of infection of the body by either bacteria or viruses.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) State the name of <strong>one </strong>disease caused by each.</p>
<p class="p1">Bacteria:</p>
<p class="p1">Viruses:</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) Discuss the differences between bacteria and viruses.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe <strong>two </strong>misuses of antibiotics that have led to some bacteria becoming resistant.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">It is much more difficult to produce effective antiviral drugs than drugs that kill bacteria. Describe <strong>two </strong>ways in which antiviral drugs work.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">(i) <em>Bacteria: </em></p>
<p class="p1">tuberculosis/TB / syphilis / cholera / salmonella / bronchitis / botulism / lyme disease / (stomach) ulcers / anthrax / diptheria / meningitis / MRSA / gonorrhea / chlamydia / septicaemia;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Viruses: </em></p>
<p class="p1">influenza / common cold / AIDS / herpes / rabies / small pox / polio / rubella / yellow fever / measles / mumps / encephalitis / chicken pox / shingles / mononucleosis;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept name of an organism (such as e-coli) rather than a disease.</em></p>
<p class="p1">(ii) bacteria larger than viruses / viruses are smaller than bacteria;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria are cells / viruses comprise DNA in a protein coat;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria have cell wall/nucleus/cytoplasm / viruses do not have cell components;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria can reproduce without a host / viruses require host/cell for replication/reproduction;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria are not always harmful/parasitic / viruses are always parasitic;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">patient non-compliance / not completing courses / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">overprescription;</p>
<p class="p1">use for animals/in animal feedstock;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept overuse.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept overdose. </em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">becomes part of DNA of virus / alters virus DNA/genetic material / blocks enzyme (polymerase) which builds DNA;</p>
<p class="p1">changes the cell membrane so that it inhibits the virus entry/bonding to the cell;</p>
<p class="p1">prevents virus from leaving the cell (after reproduction);</p>
<p class="p1">prevents virus from using cell to multiply/reproduce/replicate;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates stated the correct name of one bacterial and one viral disease but some had problems stating differences between bacteria and viruses. Candidates must realize that AIDS is a viral disease not HIV.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (c), the terms “over dosage” and “over prescription” were often used interchangeably.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (d), the method of action of anti-viral was poorly explained. It seemed candidates, at times, learned several key phrases without clearly understanding their meaning and so used them in inappropriate context.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are antiviral drugs used to prevent flu.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the names of <strong>two</strong> functional groups that <strong>both</strong> compounds contain, using section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how oseltamivir and zanamivir can stop the spread of the flu virus in the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>amido</p>
<p>ether</p>
<p>carbonyl</p>
<p><em>Accept “amide/carboxamide”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “alkenyl/alkene”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “amino/amine”.</em></p>
<p><em><strong>[Max 2 Marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>by preventing the virus from leaving the host cell</p>
<p>by inhibiting viral enzymes/neuraminidases «needed to release virus»</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Medicines and drugs are natural or synthetic substances used for their effects on the body.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">List <strong>two </strong>general effects of medicines and drugs on the functioning of the body.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1"><em>Any two for </em><strong><em>[1]</em></strong></p>
<p class="p1">alter physiological state/consciousness/activity level/coordination</p>
<p class="p1">alter incoming sensory sensations</p>
<p class="p1">alter mood/emotions</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">The general effects of medicines and drugs on the functioning of the human body were generally very well answered.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain shared the Nobel Prize for “the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin used to treat lung infections. The structure of the antibiotic is shown below.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-06_om_07.52.07.png" alt="N09/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ0/D1.b"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe the mode of action of penicillins in treating infectious diseases.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Identify <strong>two </strong>functional groups present in the side chain (R) of ampicillin by comparing its structure to that of penicillin in Table 20 in the Data Booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain why it is important to continue to develop semi-synthetic penicillins.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">interfere with <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cell wall</span> formation (in bacteria) / prevent formation of crosslinks within <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cell wall</span>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept “destroys cell wall”.</em></p>
<p class="p1">size/shape of cell cannot be maintained / water enters the cell / osmosis occurs / cell bursts/disintegrates;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">benzene/aromatic <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ring</span>/ C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub> /phenyl;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept the circle-in-hexagon or Kekule symbols</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not allow benzene or arene.</em></p>
<p class="p1">amine/<span class="s1"> </span>NH<sub>2</sub> / amino;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not award mark if reference to secondary/tertiary given.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">to overcome the resistance that bacteria develop to existing antibiotics / increases resistance to penicillinase enzyme / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept “over prescription”.</em></p>
<p class="p1">prevents penicillinase enzyme from destroying penicillin / molecules have different shape/stability/solubility/side-chain / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The mode of action of penicillin in treating infectious diseases was generally well understood although some candidates referred to viruses instead of bacteria in their answers.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The two functional groups were usually correctly identified in (b) although some candidates lost marks due to imprecise answers: <em>benzene </em>instead of <em>benzene ring</em>, <em>amid</em>e instead of <em>amine. </em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Similarly explanations in (b) (ii) were often vague and failed to score the marks.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Medicines and drugs alter the physiological state of the body including consciousness and coordination.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Explain the meaning of the following terms:</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State <strong>one </strong>other effect of medicines and drugs on the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>therapeutic window.</em></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>tolerance.</em></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Outline the major stages in the development of a new drug.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">alters incoming sensory sensations / alters mood or emotions;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">the range over which a drug can be safely administered / \({\text{T.I}} = \frac{{{\text{LD50}}}}{{{\text{ED50}}}}\) / ratio of the lethal dose for 50%population and the effective dose for 50% of population;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">person needs to take ever larger quantities of a drug to gain the original effect;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">drug is isolated from existing species / synthesized in the laboratory;</p>
<p class="p1">tested on animals to establish LD50;</p>
<p class="p1">tested on humans and half/some of the group is given a placebo;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates had difficulty explaining the term <em>therapeutic window</em>. Frequently they thought it referred to the time the drug was active in the body rather than an issue of dosage.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates had difficulty explaining the term <em>therapeutic window</em>. Frequently they thought it referred to the time the drug was active in the body rather than an issue of dosage. They fared better with explaining the terms <em>tolerance </em>and the <em>placebo effect</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Candidates had more difficulty providing specific information about the drug development process, especially with respect to animal testing and human testing. Candidates needed to use accurate chemical terms when outlining the major stages in the development of a new drug.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">A well-known brand of antacids contains 0.160 g of aluminium hydroxide and 0.105 g of magnesium carbonate in each tablet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the separate equations for the reactions of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Determine which of the two components of the tablet will neutralize the most acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">On the leaflet which comes with the tablets it states that one of the side effects of the tablets is belching. Explain why this might occur.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3} + {\text{3HCl}} \to {\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_3} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{MgC}}{{\text{O}}_3} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}\);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\(n\,{\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3} = \frac{{0.160}}{{77.95}} = 2.05 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ (mol)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1"><strong>and</strong> \(n\,{\text{MgC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}} = \frac{{0.105}}{{84.32}} = 1.25 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ (mol)}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not penalize use of integer values for </em>\({M_r}\)<em>.</em></p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3}\) neutralizes \({\text{6.15}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 3}}{\text{ mol}}\) of acid <strong>and</strong></p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{MgC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\) neutralizes \(2.50 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ mol}}\) of acid;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">due to carbon dioxide (from reaction of \({\text{MgC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{/NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\) with acid);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates were very familiar with at least one of the two equations. Some did not read the question carefully and stated the equation for magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium carbonate.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Unfortunately many lost points in (b) as they did not carry through the calculations corresponding to the provided data and some did not realize that a calculation was required.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Part (d) was mostly correctly answered.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Two substances commonly used in antacid tablets are magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State an equation to represent a neutralization reaction with one of the above antacids.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State and explain whether 0.1 mol of magnesium hydroxide is more effective or less effective than 0.1 mol of aluminium hydroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Suggest why compounds such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide cannot be used as an antacid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3} + {\text{3HCl}} \to {\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_3} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}/{\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept ionic equations.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">less effective <strong>and </strong>(magnesium hydroxide) 2/0.2 mol \({\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }\) ions available as compared to (aluminium hydroxide) 3/0.3 mol OH<span class="s1">– </span>ions for neutralization / neutralizes \({\text{2}}{{\text{H}}^ + }\)/0.2 mol acid as compared to \({\text{3}}{{\text{H}}^ + }\)/0.3 mol acid; <strong><em>[1]</em></strong></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept aluminium hydroxide can neutralize more acid.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">strong base / corrosive / harmful to the body;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Whilst quite a few candidates could write one of the required balanced equations a surprising large number could not succeed in this simple task. Answers to the second part of this question often lacked the stoichiometric rigour required and the reasons for not using strong alkalis provoked an amazing range of responses, mostly incorrect and many exposing a worrying lack of basic chemical knowledge. Only a minority of the students could correctly identify the function of alginates and dimethicone in antacid preparations.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Whilst quite a few candidates could write one of the required balanced equations a surprising large number could not succeed in this simple task. Answers to the second part of this question often lacked the stoichiometric rigour required and the reasons for not using strong alkalis provoked an amazing range of responses, mostly incorrect and many exposing a worrying lack of basic chemical knowledge. Only a minority of the students could correctly identify the function of alginates and dimethicone in antacid preparations.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Whilst quite a few candidates could write one of the required balanced equations a surprising large number could not succeed in this simple task. Answers to the second part of this question often lacked the stoichiometric rigour required and the reasons for not using strong alkalis provoked an amazing range of responses, mostly incorrect and many exposing a worrying lack of basic chemical knowledge. Only a minority of the students could correctly identify the function of alginates and dimethicone in antacid preparations.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Analgesics are used to relieve pain in the body. Aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are both mild analgesics.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The structures of the strong analgesics morphine and heroin (diamorphine) can be found in Table 20 of the Data Book</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Compare how mild and strong analgesics relieve pain in the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Identify the amine functional group in the morphine molecule below by drawing a ring around it.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-17_om_09.49.31.png" alt="M09/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/D1.c.i"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the name of the functional group found in heroin but not in morphine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State <strong>one </strong>advantage and <strong>one </strong>disadvantage of using morphine as a strong analgesic.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">mild analgesics function by intercepting the pain stimulus at the source / interfere with the production of substances that cause pain/prostaglandins;</p>
<p class="p1">strong analgesics work by bonding to receptor sites in the brain / prevent the transmission of pain impulses without depressing the central nervous system;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-17_om_10.15.09.png" alt="M09/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/D1.c.i/M"></p>
<p class="p1">any circle around the nitrogen atom / the nitrogen atom and its <span style="text-decoration: underline;">three</span> neighboring atoms;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">ester;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Advantage: </em>antidiarrheal/constipation (in treatment of diarrhea) / reduces coughing;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Disadvantage: </em>addiction / tolerance / risk of overdose;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates were able to distinguish between the ways mild analgesics and strong analgesics relieve pain in part (b).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">A substantial number of candidates failed to identify the tertiary amine in the structure of morphine. Candidates were inaccurate in drawing a circle around the amine group in part (c). Either just the nitrogen atom or nitrogen atom with its three neighbouring atoms should have been circled.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">A large number of candidates confused the ester with an ether or carbonyl group as the functional group found in heroin but not in morphine.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates recognized the disadvantage of using morphine but they had extreme difficulty in stating a specific advantage for using morphine as a strong analgesic.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Penicillin was one of the first antibiotics to be isolated and identified for its ability to treat bacterial infections.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the importance of the beta-lactam ring in the antibiotic activity of penicillin.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify <strong>two</strong> dangers of the overuse of antibiotics.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>ring is <strong>«</strong>sterically<strong>»</strong> strained<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>angles of 90° instead of 109.5/109/120° angles<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>angles smaller than 109.5/109/120°/tetrahedral/trigonal planar/triangular planar angle</p>
<p>ring breaks up/opens/reacts <strong>«</strong>easily<strong>»</strong><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>amide/amido group <strong>«</strong>in ring<strong>»</strong> is «highly» reactive</p>
<p>binds to/reacts with/interferes with/inactivates transpeptidase/enzyme <br>responsible for bacterial cell wall formation/cross-linking</p>
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “cell membrane” for “cell wall”.</em><br><em> Accept “bonds to” for “binds to” in M3</em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>Any <em><strong>two</strong></em> for <em><strong>[1 max]</strong></em> from:<br> leads to <strong>«</strong>bacterial<strong>»</strong> resistance <strong>«</strong>of antiobiotics<strong>»</strong><em><br><strong>OR</strong></em><br> makes antibiotics less effective<br> <em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> increased side effects due to larger dosages </p>
<p>proportion of resistant bacteria increases</p>
<p>destroys useful/beneficial bacteria<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>destroyed bacteria replaced by more harmful bacteria </p>
<p>resistant bacteria pass on their resistance/mutation to next generation<br> damage to ecosystems</p>
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 22">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><em>Accept “superbugs such as MRSA develop” but superbug must be identified.</em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>two</strong> ways in which viruses are different from bacteria.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe <strong>two</strong> ways in which antiviral drugs work.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>bacteria are a single cell / viruses are not cellular;</p>
<p>bacteria have cell walls/nuclei / viruses have no nucleus/cell wall;</p>
<p>bacteria larger than viruses / viruses smaller than bacteria;</p>
<p>viruses need host cell to reproduce / viruses take over another cell;</p>
<p>bacteria are organisms/living / bacteria metabolise/can grow/feed/excrete /</p>
<p>viruses are not living / viruses do not metabolise/grow/feed/excrete;</p>
<p><em>Allow “bacteria have both DNA and RNA / viruses have either RNA or </em><em>DNA only (but not both)”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>alter cell’s genetic material;</p>
<p>block enzyme activity within host cell;</p>
<p>(changes cell membrane so that it) inhibits virus entry/bonding to cell;</p>
<p>prevents virus from leaving cell (after reproduction);</p>
<p>becomes part of DNA of virus / alters virus / blocks enzyme (polymerase) which builds DNA;</p>
<p>prevents virus from using cell to multiply/reproduce/replicate / prevents virus from using cell’s metabolism;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question proved to be a life-line for candidates with a strong knowledge of biology and in both parts many candidates scored full marks. Many candidates gave overly lengthy answers here and more concise answers could easily have been given such as bacteria are larger than viruses and bacteria have cell walls unlike viruses in part (a).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question proved to be a life-line for candidates with a strong knowledge of biology and in both parts many candidates scored full marks. Many candidates gave overly lengthy answers here and more concise answers could easily have been given such as bacteria are larger than viruses and bacteria have cell walls unlike viruses in part (a).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Two different antibacterials are sodium piperacillin and doxycycline. Sodium piperacillin is a type of penicillin and doxycycline belongs to a class of drugs known as the tetracyclines.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-20_om_07.33.40.png" alt="M13/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ2/D3"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain how penicillins are able to cure certain diseases caused by bacteria.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Sodium piperacillin has a different side chain to the original penicillin developed by Florey and Chain. State <strong>one </strong>advantage of changing the side chain.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain why it may be necessary to give a mixture of several different types of antibacterials (such as penicillins and tetracyclines) to patients suffering from diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) or MRSA (a disease caused by the presence of the <em>staphylococcus aureus </em>bacterium).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">prevents the growth/ multiplication of bacteria (causing disease);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept “kills bacteria”.</em></p>
<p class="p1">interferes with the enzymes that bacteria need to make normal cell walls / prevents normal cell wall formation;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do </em><span class="s1"><strong><em>not </em></strong></span><em>accept “Destroys cell walls”.</em></p>
<p class="p1">cells absorbs water (by osmosis) and ruptures/bursts;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">does not need to be injected / not broken down by stomach acid / resistant to penicillinase;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept “overcomes resistance of bacteria” / OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do </em><span class="s1"><strong><em>not </em></strong></span><em>accept “immune” rather than “resistant”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">some bacteria may be resistant to just one antibiotic / can make \(\beta \)-lactamase/penicillinase (which can degrade penicillin);</p>
<p class="p1">few bacteria resistant to all the antibiotics / prevents the risk of further resistance developing;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Unless penalised in D3 (b), do </em><span class="s1"><strong><em>not </em></strong></span><em>accept “immune” rather than “resistant”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many students knew that penicillins affected the walls of bacteria, though many wrongly stated that it destroyed the cell wall, rather than hindering its formation. The effects of changing the side chain were generally appreciated, but once again, in the final part of the question, students often failed to express the reasons for using multiple antibacterials clearly enough to gain full credit. In the last two parts candidates often, incorrectly, referred to bacteria being “immune” or “tolerant” rather than “resistant” - another example of a failure to use precise vocabulary correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students knew that penicillins affected the walls of bacteria, though many wrongly stated that it destroyed the cell wall, rather than hindering its formation. The effects of changing the side chain were generally appreciated, but once again, in the final part of the question, students often failed to express the reasons for using multiple antibacterials clearly enough to gain full credit. In the last two parts candidates often, incorrectly, referred to bacteria being “immune” or “tolerant” rather than “resistant” - another example of a failure to use precise vocabulary correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students knew that penicillins affected the walls of bacteria, though many wrongly stated that it destroyed the cell wall, rather than hindering its formation. The effects of changing the side chain were generally appreciated, but once again, in the final part of the question, students often failed to express the reasons for using multiple antibacterials clearly enough to gain full credit. In the last two parts candidates often, incorrectly, referred to bacteria being “immune” or “tolerant” rather than “resistant” - another example of a failure to use precise vocabulary correctly.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The structures of morphine, diamorphine and codeine are given in section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why diamorphine passes more readily than morphine through the blood-brain barrier.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest a reagent used to prepare diamorphine from morphine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> reason why codeine is available without prescription in some countries whilst morphine is administered under strict medical supervision.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>diamorphine has ester/ethanoate/acetate «groups» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> morphine has hydroxyl «groups»</p>
<p>diamorphine/ester/ethanoate/acetate groups less polar</p>
<p>diamorphine more soluble in lipids</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl” but not “hydroxide”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “diamorphine non-polar”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept converse statements.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethanoic/acetic anhydride<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>ethanoyl/acetyl chloride</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept other possible reagents, such as ethanoic/acetic acid or acetyl bromide.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept chemical formulas.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>morphine has a smaller therapeutic window</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept converse statements.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “codeine has lower activity” <strong>OR</strong> “codeine has lower risk of overdose” <strong>OR</strong> “codeine is less potent”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “lower abuse potential for codeine” <strong>OR</strong> “codeine less addictive” <strong>OR</strong> “codeine has a lower bioavailability”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The buffer formed by carbon dioxide, CO<sub>2</sub>(aq) and hydrogen carbonate ion, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq), plays an important role in maintaining the pH of blood.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the pH of the buffer from the following data and section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>) = 6.34</p>
<p>[HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq)] = 1.40 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mol\(\,\)dm<sup>−3</sup></p>
<p>[CO<sub>2</sub>(aq)] = 1.25 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mol\(\,\)dm<sup>−3</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the effect of a large amount of aspirin on the pH of blood.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«pH = p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> + log<sub>10</sub> \(\left( {\frac{{\left[ {{\text{HC}}{{\text{O}}_3}^ - } \right]}}{{\left[ {{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}} \right]}}} \right) = 6.34 + {\log _{10\;}}(11.2) = 6.34 + 1.05\)» = 7.39</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>H<sup>+</sup> from aspirin reacts with HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> to form CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq) \( \rightleftharpoons \) CO<sub>2</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>reverse reaction favoured «to use up some of the H<sup>+</sup> added»</p>
<p>pH decreases</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>No mark for “stating aspirin is a weak acid that dissociates partially to produce H<sup>+</sup>” without reference to reaction with HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>− </sup>or to the equation.</em></p>
<p><em>Reversible arrows not required for the mark.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “small pH change when small amount of H<sup>+</sup> is added”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Mild analgesics such as aspirin, and strong analgesics such as opiates, differ not only in their potency but also in the ways they act on the central nervous system.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">(a) Describe how mild and strong analgesics provide pain relief.</p>
<p class="p1">Mild analgesics:</p>
<p class="p1">Strong analgesics:</p>
<p class="p1">(b) Discuss <strong>two </strong>advantages and <strong>two </strong>disadvantages of using morphine and other opiates for pain relief.</p>
<p class="p1">Advantages:</p>
<p class="p1">Disadvantages:</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">(a) <em>Mild analgesics:</em></p>
<p class="p1">suppress the production of prostaglandins/pain-sensitizing substances / intercept the pain stimulus at the source;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Strong analgesics:</em></p>
<p class="p1">bind to (opioid) receptors in the CNS/central nervous system/brain / suppress the transmission of pain impulses to the brain / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">(b) <em>Advantages: </em><strong><em>[2 max]</em></strong></p>
<p class="p1">strong(er) analgesics / relieve acute/extreme pain;</p>
<p class="p1">wide therapeutic window / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">relieve anxiety / induce relaxation / improve the quality of life;</p>
<p class="p1">intravenous/faster distribution of drug;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Disadvantages: </em><strong><em>[2 max]</em></strong></p>
<p class="p1">euphoria / lack of self-control / dangerous behaviour;</p>
<p class="p1">addiction/dependence / withdrawal symptoms;</p>
<p class="p1">tolerance / increased risk of overdose upon prolonged use;</p>
<p class="p1">kidney/renal failure;</p>
<p class="p1">risks associated with intravenous drug administration;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept other side-effects (including drug-specific for different opiates).</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Many candidates displayed good knowledge about the differences in the mode of action of weak and strong analgesics, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the latter.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The first penicillin to be used was benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G), its structure is shown below.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-07_om_14.44.41.png" alt="M10/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/D2"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain how penicillins are able to act as antibacterials.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Modern penicillins have a similar structure to Penicillin G but a different side-chain.</p>
<p class="p1">State <strong>two </strong>advantages of modifying the side-chain.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">penicillins interfere with the enzymes that bacteria need to make cell walls / interfere with formation of bacterial cell wall / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">the increased osmotic pressure causes the bacterium to die / the bacterial cells absorb too much water and burst / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">resistant to penicillinase enzyme / more resistant to bacteria breaking it down / effective against bacteria which are resistant (to penicillin G);</p>
<p class="p1">resistance to breakdown by stomach acid (so can be taken orally) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (a) there were some very good, very detailed explanations of how penicillins act as antibacterials, and some very vague statements.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates scored only half marks for part (b) by correctly referring to resistance, although they correctly discussed the use of a cocktail of antibiotics to treat tuberculosis in part (c).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Explain the meaning of the terms:</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The effectiveness of a drug depends on the method of administration.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>side-effect</em></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>therapeutic window</em></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">One method of injecting drugs into the body results in the drug having a very rapid effect. State the method and explain its rapid action.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">List the <strong>two </strong>other methods which can be used to inject drugs into the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Identify the method of administration used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">an effect produced in addition to the one intended / unwanted/undesired effect;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">range of a drugs concentration (in blood) between effective/\({\text{E}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}\) and toxic levels/\({\text{L}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}\) / (Therapeutic Index) = \({\text{L}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}\) / \({\text{E}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept “difference of drug concentration”</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">intravenous / into veins;</p>
<p class="p1">transported/pumped via blood (to various parts of body);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">intramuscular/intermuscular/into muscles <span class="s1"><strong>and </strong></span>subcutaneous/into fat;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow </em><span class="s1"><strong><em>[1] </em></strong></span><em>if all three methods are stated in (b) (i) and (ii) but not in </em><em>correct place.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">inhalation/breathing it in;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This was generally very well answered, with no serious errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This was generally very well answered, with no serious errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This was generally very well answered, with no serious errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This was generally very well answered, with no serious errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This was generally very well answered, with no serious errors.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Morphine and its derivatives work by temporarily bonding to receptor sites in the brain, preventing the transmission of pain impulses.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss <strong>one </strong>advantage and <strong>two </strong>disadvantages of using morphine as an analgesic.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Advantage:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Disadvantages:</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The structures of morphine and diamorphine (heroin) are shown in table 20 of the data booklet. Describe the difference in the two structures by naming the functional groups.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Advantage:</em></p>
<p>relieves strong/severe pain / relieves pain caused by serious injury/cancer/surgery/heart attack / (intravenous so) faster acting;</p>
<p><em>Accept relieves anxiety / wide safety margin.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept just “relieves pain”.</em></p>
<p><em>Disadvantages:</em></p>
<p><em>Any two for </em><strong><em>[2 max] </em></strong><em>of:</em></p>
<p>(profound) tolerance develops;</p>
<p>addictive/(physical) dependence/habit forming;</p>
<p>causes drowsiness / mental clouding / depression/mood changes / constipation / loss of appetite / depression of the respiratory centre / nausea / suppresses cough reflex / pupil (of the eye) constriction / kidney/liver disorders;</p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept other disadvantages, such as overdose and coma.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>morphine has (two) hydroxyl groups <strong>and </strong>diamorphine (heroin) has (two) ester groups;</p>
<p><em>Accept alcohol or hydroxy for hydroxyl but </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>hydroxide.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates focused their response on the description of morphine as a strong analgesic rather than on the advantage of using morphine although the disadvantages of its use were well known. The structural differences between morphine and diamorphine were often well known.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates focused their response on the description of morphine as a strong analgesic rather than on the advantage of using morphine although the disadvantages of its use were well known. The structural differences between morphine and diamorphine were often well known.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are both used as antacids.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State an equation for the reactions that occur in the stomach for both substances with hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Aluminium hydroxide:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Calcium carbonate:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">A typical antacid tablet has a mass of about 1 g. Determine which of the two antacids will neutralize the greater amount of hydrochloric acid if tablets of each are added to separate samples of acid. A detailed calculation is not required.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Potassium hydroxide also neutralizes hydrochloric acid. Suggest why it is not used as an antacid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{3HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_3}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{2HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Ignore state symbols.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}}\) has smaller molar mass (so more moles per tablet);</p>
<p class="p1">one mole of \({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}}\) neutralizes more moles of acid;</p>
<p class="p1"><strong>OR</strong></p>
<p class="p1">(<em>for Al(OH)<sub>3</sub></em>) \({n_{^{{\text{HCL}}}}} = \frac{3}{{78}}{\text{ (mol)}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">(<em>for CACO<sub>3</sub></em>) \({n_{^{{\text{HCL}}}}} = \frac{2}{{100}}{\text{ (mol)}}\);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">strong</span> (soluble) base/alkali;</p>
<p class="p1">damage to/corrosive to body/tissue;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">There were various interpretations of the formula of aluminium hydroxide in (a) and many were able to gain one mark, the stoichiometric mark, in (b). Many did not realize that molar mass is also of consequence. Part (c) was a source of concern with many candidates showing an absolute lack of knowledge of potassium hydroxide and its chemical nature. Indeed, many seemed to think that we were asking about potassium itself! One common answer was that KOH only neutralizes one mole of HCl. The answers to (d) were either very good or somewhat vague and lacked specific reference to how placebos are used in drug development.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">There were various interpretations of the formula of aluminium hydroxide in (a) and many were able to gain one mark, the stoichiometric mark, in (b). Many did not realize that molar mass is also of consequence. Part (c) was a source of concern with many candidates showing an absolute lack of knowledge of potassium hydroxide and its chemical nature. Indeed, many seemed to think that we were asking about potassium itself! One common answer was that KOH only neutralizes one mole of HCl. The answers to (d) were either very good or somewhat vague and lacked specific reference to how placebos are used in drug development.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">There were various interpretations of the formula of aluminium hydroxide in (a) and many were able to gain one mark, the stoichiometric mark, in (b). Many did not realize that molar mass is also of consequence. Part (c) was a source of concern with many candidates showing an absolute lack of knowledge of potassium hydroxide and its chemical nature. Indeed, many seemed to think that we were asking about potassium itself! One common answer was that KOH only neutralizes one mole of HCl. The answers to (d) were either very good or somewhat vague and lacked specific reference to how placebos are used in drug development.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State <strong>one </strong>difference between viruses and bacteria.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Discuss <strong>three </strong>methods in which the activities of humans has created an increase in the resistance to penicillin in bacteria populations.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">viruses smaller than bacteria;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses do not have a nucleus/cytoplasm/cell membrane/cell wall/ribosomes;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses are not cells;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses do not feed/excrete/grow;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow viruses are not living/alive.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">overuse of antibiotics has increased proportion of resistant bacteria;</p>
<p class="p1">use of penicillin in animal feedstock has introduced antibiotics into human food chain (increasing proportion of resistant bacteria);</p>
<p class="p1">patients not completing course of antibiotics increases proportion/spread of resistant bacteria;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates scored the mark in (a).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">A number of journalistic responses were given in part (b) where candidates did not discuss the activities of humans that have created an increase in resistant bacteria. Some candidates misread the question and discussed how penicillin had been modified to combat resistant bacteria. Overuse and developing resistance was generally the only valid reason given.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Depressants can have different effects depending on their doses.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">A breathalyser containing crystals of potassium dichromate(VI) can be used by the police to detect whether a driver has consumed alcohol.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the chemical formula for potassium dichromate(VI).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe the colour change observed during its reaction with ethanol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the oxidation number of chromium in the product.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Deduce the <strong>full </strong>balanced chemical equation for the redox reaction of ethanol with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the name of the organic product formed.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">An intoximeter is used to determine an accurate value for the concentration of ethanol in the breath. Explain <strong>one </strong>technique used for the detection of ethanol in an intoximeter.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}}\);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">orange to green;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow yellow instead of orange.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">+3/III;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not allow incorrect notation such as 3+ or 3.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{3C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OH}} + {\text{2C}}{{\text{r}}_2}{\text{O}}_7^{2 - } + {\text{16}}{{\text{H}}^ + } \to {\text{3C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{H}} + {\text{4C}}{{\text{r}}^{3 + }} + {\text{11}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">correct formulas of \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{OH}}\) and \({\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}^{{\text{2}} - }{\text{/}}{{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}}\) as reactants <strong>and</strong></p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{H/C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}}\) and \({\text{C}}{{\text{r}}^{3 + }}\) as products;</p>
<p class="p1">full balanced chemical equation;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>M2 can only be scored if M1 is correct.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow full balanced chemical equation to produce ethanal,</em></p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{3C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{OH}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_2}{\text{O}}_7^{2 - } + {\text{8}}{{\text{H}}^ + } \to {\text{3C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{CHO}} + {\text{2C}}{{\text{r}}^{3 + }} + {\text{7}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\).</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept full or condensed structural formulas.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">ethanoic acid;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow acetic acid.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow ethanal/acetaldehyde.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">infrared (spectroscopy)/IR;</p>
<p class="p1">CH characteristic band (at \({\text{2950 c}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 1}}\)) for ethanol / C–H bonds in ethanol absorb at certain frequency/wavelength;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not award M2 for CH characteristic band if however wavenumber </em><em>range/value is given for OH (eg, 3200–3600 cm<sup>–1</sup></em> <em>or value in between or even 2500–3300 cm<sup>–1</sup>).</em></p>
<p class="p1">area under peak used to measure concentration (of ethanol);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept “size of” instead of “area under”.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept “height” instead of “area under”.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><strong>OR</strong></p>
<p class="p1">fuel cell;</p>
<p class="p1">ethanol converts/oxidized to \({\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\) and \({{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">(energy released converted to) voltage/potential difference (which is) proportional to/can be used to measure concentration (of ethanol);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow potential instead of potential difference.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Only about half the candidates gave the correct formula for potassium dichromate(VI).</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates knew the colour change.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The oxidation number was often given using incorrect notation (3+ or 3) failing to score the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The redox equation was challenge except for the strongest candidates.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">About half the candidates gave the correct product for the oxidation of ethanol.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.v.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Part (c) was poorly answered. About half of the candidates scored one mark for recognizing that the intoximeter used IR radiation. Few candidates gained a second mark for recognizing that the absorption by C-H bonds is used to determine ethanol concentration. It was rare to see an answer mentioning the area under the peak or using the fuel cell in the intoximeter.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Ethanol is a depressant.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The presence of ethanol in the breath can be detected by blowing into a “bag” through a tube containing acidified potassium dichromate(VI). The half-equation for the dichromate reaction is:</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_2}{\text{O}}_7^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{14}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{6}}{{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{2C}}{{\text{r}}^{3 + }}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{7}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\]</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe the colour change observed when the dichromate ion reacts with the ethanol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the name of the organic product formed during the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In order to quantify exactly how much ethanol is present in the blood, a person may be required to give a blood sample or may be asked to blow into an intoximeter. Explain the chemistry behind the techniques for determining the ethanol content in a blood sample and by using an intoximeter.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Blood sample:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Intoximeter:</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Ethanol may exert a synergistic effect when taken with other medicines. State the meaning of the term <em>synergistic effect</em>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">from <span style="text-decoration: underline;">orange</span> to <span style="text-decoration: underline;">green</span>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">ethanal/acetaldehyde/CH<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>CHO / ethanoic acid/acetic acid/CH<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>COOH;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do </em><span class="s2"><strong><em>not </em></strong></span><em>accept aldehyde / carboxylic acid.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Blood sample</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">gas(-liquid) chromatography/GLC/GC / high pressure/performance liquid chromatography/HPLC;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>No credit for just “chromatography”.</em></p>
<p class="p1">column separates the alcohol/ethanol from the other components in the blood / retention time identifies alcohol/ethanol / (the amount of alcohol/ethanol in the blood is) compared with a known sample / by measuring the area under the eluted peaks / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Intoximeter</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">infrared spectroscopy/infrared light passed through;</p>
<p class="p1">the absorption of the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">C–H/C–O</span> bond is measured (and compared with a calibrated sample) / <em>OWTTE;</em></p>
<p class="p1"><strong>OR</strong></p>
<p class="p1">fuel cell;</p>
<p class="p1">an electric current/voltage is generated (proportional to the concentration of alcohol/ethanol in the breath) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">enhances the effect/causes a stronger/different effect of another drug (present in the body at the same time);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This question produced significantly lower marks. In the first part candidates often confused moderate and high dose symptoms and the latter were often confused with chronic effects. The colour change and product were widely known though, as in the past, some students forgot that a colour change involves stating both the initial and final colour and some gave the class of compound (aldehyde/carboxylic acid) rather than the specific product from ethanol. Only a handful of students gained any of the marks for specific techniques used to assess blood alcohol levels, with IR methods being the best known. Many knew what a “synergistic effect” was, but many struggled to convey this in appropriate language rather than just quoting an example of this type of activity.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question produced significantly lower marks. In the first part candidates often confused moderate and high dose symptoms and the latter were often confused with chronic effects. The colour change and product were widely known though, as in the past, some students forgot that a colour change involves stating both the initial and final colour and some gave the class of compound (aldehyde/carboxylic acid) rather than the specific product from ethanol. Only a handful of students gained any of the marks for specific techniques used to assess blood alcohol levels, with IR methods being the best known. Many knew what a “synergistic effect” was, but many struggled to convey this in appropriate language rather than just quoting an example of this type of activity.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question produced significantly lower marks. In the first part candidates often confused moderate and high dose symptoms and the latter were often confused with chronic effects. The colour change and product were widely known though, as in the past, some students forgot that a colour change involves stating both the initial and final colour and some gave the class of compound (aldehyde/carboxylic acid) rather than the specific product from ethanol. Only a handful of students gained any of the marks for specific techniques used to assess blood alcohol levels, with IR methods being the best known. Many knew what a “synergistic effect” was, but many struggled to convey this in appropriate language rather than just quoting an example of this type of activity.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This question produced significantly lower marks. In the first part candidates often confused moderate and high dose symptoms and the latter were often confused with chronic effects. The colour change and product were widely known though, as in the past, some students forgot that a colour change involves stating both the initial and final colour and some gave the class of compound (aldehyde/carboxylic acid) rather than the specific product from ethanol. Only a handful of students gained any of the marks for specific techniques used to assess blood alcohol levels, with IR methods being the best known. Many knew what a “synergistic effect” was, but many struggled to convey this in appropriate language rather than just quoting an example of this type of activity.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The structures of aspirin and diamorphine (heroin) are given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Other than the benzene (aromatic) ring, state the name of the functional group that is common to both aspirin and diamorphine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe the different ways in which aspirin and diamorphine function when they relieve or prevent pain.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Aspirin:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Diamorphine:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Other than the prevention of pain and/or the reduction of fever, state <strong>one </strong>reason why aspirin is often prescribed or recommended to some people for daily use.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Discuss <strong>one </strong>advantage and <strong>one </strong>disadvantage of taking diamorphine rather than morphine to relieve pain.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Advantage:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Disadvantage:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">ester;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept ethanoate/acetate.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do </em><span class="s1"><strong><em>not </em></strong></span><em>accept formula.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Aspirin</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">Intercepts pain stimulus at source / blocks/interferes with production of substances/prostaglandins that cause pain/swelling/fever / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Diamorphine</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">(temporarily) bonds to/blocks/interferes with receptor sites/synapses in the brain / prevent transmission of pain impulses (without depressing central nervous system/CNS) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><span class="s1"><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong></span><em>if answer states that mild analgesic acts at source and strong </em><em>analgesics act in the brain/CNS.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">prevent stroke/heart attack/disease / thin blood / reduces risk of blood clots / antiinflammatory;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Advantage</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">stronger pain killer / lower dose required / quicker acting;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Disadvantage</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">more addictive / easier to build up tolerance and exceed lethal dose / smaller therapeutic window/index / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">This was well answered. Most students could correctly identify the group common to both analgesics and could explain the differences in their modes of action, though the terms used often lacked precision. The reasons for regularly taking low doses of aspirin and the advantages and disadvantages of morphine and heroin, were also well known.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was well answered. Most students could correctly identify the group common to both analgesics and could explain the differences in their modes of action, though the terms used often lacked precision. The reasons for regularly taking low doses of aspirin and the advantages and disadvantages of morphine and heroin, were also well known.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was well answered. Most students could correctly identify the group common to both analgesics and could explain the differences in their modes of action, though the terms used often lacked precision. The reasons for regularly taking low doses of aspirin and the advantages and disadvantages of morphine and heroin, were also well known.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was well answered. Most students could correctly identify the group common to both analgesics and could explain the differences in their modes of action, though the terms used often lacked precision. The reasons for regularly taking low doses of aspirin and the advantages and disadvantages of morphine and heroin, were also well known.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Describe and explain difficulties associated with solving the AIDS problem.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">HIV invades/bind to white blood cells/T4/T cells / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">HIV viruses can mutate;</p>
<p class="p1">HIV viruses have similar metabolism to (human) cells/uses host cells to replicate;</p>
<p class="p1">high price of (antiretroviral) drugs / socioeconomic / cultural issues;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">The question was answered surprisingly poorly. Many candidates gave a description of the mechanism of action of anti-viral drugs, but made no reference to socio-economic issues, other gave a detailed description of socio-economic issues, and only obtained one mark.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are both used as antivirals to help prevent the spread of the flu virus, but are administered by different methods.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Zanamivir must be taken by inhalation, not orally. Deduce what this suggests about the bioavailability of zanamivir if taken orally.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Oseltamivir does not possess the carboxyl group needed for activity until it is chemically changed in the body. Deduce the name of the functional group in oseltamivir which changes into a carboxyl group in the body. Use section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The synthesis of oseltamivir is dependent on a supply of the precursor shikimic acid, which is available only in low yield from certain plants, notably Chinese star anise. State one alternative green chemistry source of shikimic acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«oral bioavailability is» low<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>drug is broken down/pH too low/unable to be absorbed from gut<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>only a small proportion of the drug «taken by mouth» reaches the target organ</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethoxycarbonyl/carbonyl attached to oxygen</p>
<p><em>Accept “ester”. </em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>fermentation<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>microbial production</p>
<p>genetically engineered bacteria/E.coli</p>
<p>sweetgum «seeds/leaves/bark»<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>pine/fir/spruce tree «needles»<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong>Ginkgo biloba</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other specific examples of more plentiful plant sources.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Bacterial and viral infections require different types of medication.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">(a) Outline <strong>two </strong>differences between bacteria and viruses.</p>
<p class="p1">(b) Antiviral drugs are used for the treatment of HIV and other viral infections. Describe <strong>two</strong> ways in which antiviral drugs work.</p>
<p class="p1">(c) Discuss why viral infections are generally harder to treat than bacterial infections.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">(a) bacteria are self-reproducing units while viruses are not / viruses need living hosts/cells to multiply / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria are able to grow/metabolise/feed and excrete / viruses lack metabolic functions;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria contain various cell subunits/organelles/cell wall (performing specific functions) / viruses consist only of genetic material and protective coating;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria are (many times) larger than viruses / viruses are smaller than bacteria;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria have more complex DNA / viruses have simpler DNA;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses mutate/multiply (much) faster than bacteria / bacteria mutate/multiply slower than viruses;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>If comparative term used e.g. smaller what it’s compared to is not required.</em></p>
<p class="p1">(b) alter cells genetic material so that virus cannot use it to multiply;</p>
<p class="p1">prevent viruses from multiplying by blocking enzyme activity within host cell / inhibit the synthesis of viral components by blocking enzymes inside the cell;</p>
<p class="p1">prevent viruses from entering (human) cell / bind to cellular receptors targeted by viruses / bind to virus-associated proteins/VAPs which target cellular receptors;</p>
<p class="p1">prevent/hinder the release of viruses from the cell;</p>
<p class="p1">(c) viruses mutate quickly so adapt to drugs/evade immune system response / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria are more complex and thus can be targeted in more ways / viruses lack subunits/functions targeted by antibacterials / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria can be killed/impaired by simple chemical agents / viruses cannot be killed and must be targeted on genetic level / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">different types of bacteria employ similar metabolic processes and thus can be targeted by common antibacterials / each kind of virus usually requires special drugs/approaches / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">This was probably the question in this option that candidates found most difficult and whilst many could give correct differences between viruses and bacteria they seemed to have little knowledge about the action of antiviral drugs or the reasons why viral infections are more difficult to treat.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">During drug development, trials are conducted to determine the therapeutic window.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Explain the meaning of the term <em>therapeutic window </em>and discuss its importance in drug administration.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">if concentration is too high it will have harmful side effects / determination of the lethal dose (to 50% of the population) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">if concentration is too low it has little or no beneficial effect / determination of the effective dose / dose which has a noticeable effect (on 50% of the population) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">therapeutic window is the range between these doses / range over which a drug can be safely administered / ratio of \({\text{L}}{{\text{D}}_{50}}\): \({\text{E}}{{\text{D}}_{50}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">for minor ailments a larger window is desirable, for serious conditions a smaller window may be acceptable / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">(therapeutic window) depends on the drug/age/sex/weight;</p>
<p class="p1">a small therapeutic window means that an overdose is a high risk / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Many candidates clearly had an understanding of therapeutic window and placebos but failed to score full marks as insufficient details were given.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Drugs are most commonly taken orally.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Drugs are most commonly taken orally.</p>
<p class="p1">(a) State <strong>one </strong>advantage and <strong>one </strong>disadvantage of this.</p>
<p class="p1">Advantage:</p>
<p class="p1">Disadvantage:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">List <strong>three </strong>methods, other than orally, that can be used for the administration of a drug.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Advantage</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">easily taken/convenient / no specialist equipment needed;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Disadvantage</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">stomach acid reacts with drugs / slow effect / only small fraction of drug absorbed / vomiting / requires conscious patient / harm digestive system/can cause stomach bleeding;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">inhalation</p>
<p class="p1">parenteral / by injection / intravenous / intramuscular / subcutaneous</p>
<p class="p1">rectal</p>
<p class="p1">skin patches</p>
<p class="p1">eye/ear/nose drops</p>
<p class="p1">topical</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for all 3 correct, </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>for 2 correct, </em><strong><em>[0] </em></strong><em>for 1 correct.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In general, this question was well answered.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In general, this question was well answered.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease caused by the HIV virus, has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide since it was first identified in 1981.</p>
<p class="p1">Explain why viral infections, such as AIDS, are generally more difficult to treat than bacterial infections.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">viruses mutate quickly so adapt to drugs/evade immune system response / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria are more complex and thus can be targeted in more ways / viruses lack sub-units/functions targeted by antibacterials / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">different types of bacteria employ similar metabolic processes and thus can be targeted by common antibacterials / each kind of virus usually requires special drugs/approaches / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria can be killed by interfering with cell wall production without attacking host cell / difficult to attack the virus without attacking host cell;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Candidates tended to write a lot in this answer – and it was not very well structured. They needed to keep the focus of their answer on the differences between viral and bacterial infections. It may be that the examiners’ intention to help the candidates by setting the question in context turned out to be more of a hindrance. Candidates spent far too long discussing the specifics of HIV rather than answering the question required.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Excess stomach acid can be counteracted by a range of medications.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>An antacid tablet contains 680 mg of calcium carbonate, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and 80 mg of magnesium carbonate, MgCO<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p>State the equation for the reaction of magnesium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the amount, in mol, of hydrochloric acid neutralized by <strong>one antacid </strong><strong>tablet</strong>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how omeprazole (Prilosec) reduces stomach acidity.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>MgCO<sub>3</sub>(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + MgCl<sub>2</sub>(aq)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>CO</em><sub><em>3</em></sub><em>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>n(HCl) = 2 n(CaCO<sub>3</sub>) + 2 n(MgCO<sub>3</sub>)</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>n(HCl) = \(\frac{{2 \times 0.680\;\ll {\text{g}}\gg }}{{100.09\;\ll {\text{g mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\gg }} + \frac{{2 \times 0.080\;\ll {\text{g}}\gg }}{{84.32\;\ll {\text{g mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\gg }}\)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>«</strong>n(HCl) = 0.0136 mol + 0.0019 mol =<strong>» </strong>0.016 <strong>«</strong>mol<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for correctly </em><em>calculating amount of acid neutralized </em><em>by just CaCO</em><sub><em>3 </em></sub><em>(0.014 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>mol</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>) or </em><em>MgCO</em><sub><em>3 </em></sub><em>(0.002 </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>mol</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>).</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>inhibits the secretion of stomach acid/H<sup>+</sup></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>active metabolites<strong>» </strong>bind <strong>«</strong>irreversibly<strong>» </strong>to <strong>«</strong>receptors of the<strong>» </strong>proton pump</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “PPI/proton pump inhibitor”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>award mark for “binds to </em><em>H2/histamine receptors”. (Ranitidine </em><em>mode of action.)</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “H</em><sup><em>+</em></sup><em>/K</em><sup><em>+ </em></sup><em>ATPase” for “proton pump”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Excess acid in the stomach is often treated with calcium carbonate.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate a chemical equation for the neutralization of stomach acid with calcium carbonate.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the amount, in mol, of stomach acid neutralized by an antacid tablet containing 0.750 g calcium carbonate.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how omeprazole (Prilosec) regulates pH in the stomach.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>2HCl(aq) + CaCO<sub>3</sub>(s) → H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + CaCl<sub>2</sub>(aq)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept ionic equation:</em></p>
<p><em>2H</em><sup><em>+</em></sup><em>(aq) +</em><em> </em><em>CO</em><em><sub>3</sub><sup>2–</sup></em><em>(aq) →</em><em> </em><em>CO</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>(g) +</em><em> </em><em>H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>O(l)</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>\(\frac{{0.750 \times 2}}{{100.09}}\) =<strong>» </strong>0.0150 <strong>«</strong>mol HCl<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>inhibits the secretion of stomach acid/H<sup>+</sup></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>active metabolites<strong>» </strong>bind <strong>«</strong>irreversibly<strong>» </strong>to <strong>«</strong>receptors of the<strong>» </strong>proton pump</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “hydrogen/H/H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>” for “H</em><sup><em>+</em></sup><em>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “PPI/proton pump inhibitor” for </em><em>M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “H</em><sup><em>+</em></sup><em>/K</em><sup><em>+ </em></sup><em>ATPase” for “proton </em><em>pump”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The walls of the human stomach contain cells that produce gastric juices. Sodium hydrogencarbonate is an antacid often used to neutralize excess acid.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State an equation for the reaction of stomach acid with this antacid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Calcium carbonate can also neutralize stomach acid. The same amounts (in moles) of sodium hydrogencarbonate and calcium carbonate are available. Deduce which antacid will neutralize the greater amount of acid present in the stomach and explain your reasoning.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{HCl}} \to {\text{NaCl}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}/{\text{HCO}}_3^-- + {{\text{H}}^ + } \to {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>States not required for mark.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">1 mol \({\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\) neutralizes 1 mol HCl <strong>and </strong>1 mol \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\) neutralizes 2 mol HCl / \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates gave correct equations.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates identified \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\) as the antiacid that neutralizes more acid.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Antibacterials are drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. The general structure of penicillin, an antibacterial, is given below.</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-19_om_18.08.38.png" alt="M09/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ2/D4"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">With reference to the structure above, state what the letter R represents and discuss how penicillins can be made more resistant to the penicillinase enzyme.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe and explain <strong>one </strong>effect of overprescription of antibacterials.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">side chain/alkyl group;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept hydrocarbon chain. </em></p>
<p class="p1">modify side chain / use different R groups;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Ignore reference to functional groups.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">may wipe-out helpful/useful/beneficial bacteria (in the alimentary canal);</p>
<p class="p1">destroyed bacteria may be replaced by more harmful bacteria;</p>
<p class="p1">leads to resistance / makes penicillin less effective;</p>
<p class="p1">resistant bacteria grow / pass on their immunity/mutation/trait to succeeding generations / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates knew that R is a side chain, although some identified it as a functional group.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Some candidates got confused with over-prescription of antibiotics and answered that the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">body</span> becomes resistant or dependent.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Medicines have a variety of different effects on the body and act at the molecular level.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Morphine and codeine are strong analgesics. Their structures are given in section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Dose response curves are determined for each drug.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-25_om_13.15.24.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/XX"></p>
<p>Outline the significance of range “a”.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest the type of reaction used to convert morphine to codeine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain the action of opiates as painkillers.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«measures» therapeutic window/margin «of a drug»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>range of doses that produce a therapeutic effect without causing toxic effects</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “difference between ED<sub>50</sub>/minimum effective/therapeutic dose «for 50% of population» <strong>AND</strong> TD<sub>50</sub> /toxic dose «for 50% of population»”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “therapeutic index”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “lethal/fatal dose” as this is not LD<sub>50</sub>.</em></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«nucleophilic» substitution/S<sub>N</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “methylation”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>work directly on <span style="text-decoration: underline;">opioid/pain</span> receptors «in brain»</p>
<p>suppress pain impulses in brain/CNS</p>
<p>resemble endorphins/enkephalins/natural chemical painkillers «produced in the brain and spinal cord»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award mark for “resemble hormones”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub>, and magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)<sub><span class="s1">2</span></sub>, can both be used as antacids.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">(i) Give the equations for the reactions of sodium hydrogencarbonate and magnesium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) Compare the effectiveness of 1.00 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate to 0.50 g of magnesium hydroxide in combating acidity in the stomach.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">(i) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{HCl}} \to {\text{NaCl}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept H</em><sub><span class="s1"><em>2 </em></span></sub><em>CO</em><sub><span class="s1"><em>3 </em></span></sub><em>instead of H</em><sub><span class="s1"><em>2</em></span></sub><em>O and CO</em><sub><span class="s1"><em>2</em></span></sub><em>.</em></p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">(ii) <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{n(NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{)}} = 1.19 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ mol}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{n}}\left( {{\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}} \right) = 8.37 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ mol}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}\) reacts with twice the number of moles of acid / is more effective than \({\text{NaHC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Most candidates successfully wrote balanced equations for antacid reactions in part (a), although a few didn’t know the products, some didn’t balance the equations and many candidates incorrectly wrote the formula for magnesium chloride as MgCl. This led to difficulties in comparing the effectiveness of two antacids, with several candidates not even attempting to answer the question. Some candidates interpreted the coefficients in the equations as representing the mass ratio rather than a mole ratio.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State <strong>two </strong>differences in structure between viruses and bacteria.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe <strong>two </strong>ways in which antiviral drugs work.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Discuss <strong>two </strong>difficulties associated with the development of drugs for the effective treatment of AIDS.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">viruses do not have cell/cellular structure;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses do not have nucleus;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses do not have cell wall;</p>
<p class="p1">viruses do not have cytoplasm;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept opposite statements for bacteria.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">stops virus replication;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept reproduction / multiplication.</em></p>
<p class="p1">becomes part of DNA of virus / alters virus DNA / blocks polymerase which builds DNA;</p>
<p class="p1">changes the cell membrane that inhibits the entry of virus into the cells;</p>
<p class="p1">prevents viruses from leaving the cell (after reproducing);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">HIV mutates (rapidly);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept AIDS mutates</em></p>
<p class="p1">HIV metabolism linked to that of host cell / HIV uses host cell / drugs harm host cell as well as HIV / difficult to target HIV without damaging host cell;</p>
<p class="p1">HIV destroys helper cells of the immune system;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many students failed to note that the first part of the question referred to <strong>structural</strong> differences between viruses and bacteria, rather than more general differences. The mode of action of antiviral drugs appeared to be poorly understood and answers were often very vaguely expressed, as were answers to why effective AIDS treatment is such a problem.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many students failed to note that the first part of the question referred to <strong>structural</strong> differences between viruses and bacteria, rather than more general differences. The mode of action of antiviral drugs appeared to be poorly understood and answers were often very vaguely expressed, as were answers to why effective AIDS treatment is such a problem.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students failed to note that the first part of the question referred to <strong>structural</strong> differences between viruses and bacteria, rather than more general differences. The mode of action of antiviral drugs appeared to be poorly understood and answers were often very vaguely expressed, as were answers to why effective AIDS treatment is such a problem.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Ethanol, a depressant, is sufficiently volatile to pass into the lungs from the bloodstream. The roadside breathalyser test uses acidified potassium dichromate(VI) which reacts with any ethanol present in the breath and converts it to ethanoic acid.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the oxidation and reduction half-equations that occur in the breathalyser when ethanol is present in the breath.</p>
<p class="p1">Oxidation:</p>
<p class="p1">Reduction:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Describe the colour change that occurs to the acidified dichromate(VI) if ethanol is present in the breath.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Police use the intoximeter, an infrared spectrophotometer to confirm a roadside breathalyser test. Explain how the amount of ethanol is determined from the infrared spectrum.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Oxidation</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">\({{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{\text{OH}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{COOH}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{H}}^ + } + {\text{4}}{{\text{e}}^ - }\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Reduction</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}_7^{2 - } + {\text{14}}{{\text{H}}^ + } + {\text{6}}{{\text{e}}^ - } \to {\text{2C}}{{\text{r}}^{3 + }} + {\text{7}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept balanced equation with molecular formulas.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>If both equations are wrong, award </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>for C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH </em>\( \to \)<em> CH<sub>3</sub>COOH and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2–</sup> </em>\( \to \)<em> 2Cr<sup>3+</sup>.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>If correct equations are used but oxidation and reduction reversed, award </em><strong><em>[1]</em></strong><em>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">orange to green;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">peak at \({\text{2950 c}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 1}}\) / absorption occurs due to C–H bonds in ethanol;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>No mark for absorption due to just ethanol, or O–H bond in ethanol (water vapour in breath also contributes).</em></p>
<p class="p1">intensity / height of peak / absorption / amount of transmittance depends on amount of ethanol / compare absorption to standard / reference/control sample / sample containing no alcohol;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Very few candidates gave correct equations for oxidation and reduction in a breath analyzer.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Most candidates described correctly the color change.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The way how a breath analyzer works seemed clear for most candidates.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Antibiotics treat infections by stopping the growth of bacteria or destroying them.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Identify the side-chain by drawing a circle around the side-chain in the structure of benzyl penicillin given below (the structure of penicillin is given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Discuss <strong>two </strong>problems associated with the overprescription of penicillin and explain how these are overcome.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-11-07_om_10.36.56.png" alt="N11/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ0/D4.a/M"></p>
<p class="p1"><em>No mark if circle includes CO or just O.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>if it includes 7 C atoms but misses out on attached H atoms.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">overprescription can lead to allergic reaction;</p>
<p class="p1">may wipe-out harmless/helpful/beneficial bacteria (in the alimentary canal)/destroyed bacteria may be replaced by more harmful bacteria;</p>
<p class="p1">(may pass on genetic) resistance/immunity;</p>
<p class="p1"><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>each for any two.</em></p>
<p class="p1">modify R group/side chain to change penicillin effectiveness / form penicillin that is more resistant to penicillinase enzyme;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates scored the mark in (a) by correctly identifying the side-chain, but a surprising number of candidates only circled the aromatic ring without including the \({\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\). The general structure of penicillin is given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet, so if all candidates referred to the table they should have scored the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Many candidates did not recognise the loss of beneficial bacteria in the problems associated with over prescription of penicillin. A surprising number were not able to explain the modification of the side chain/R group to change the effectiveness of penicillin.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Antiviral medications such as zanamivir (Relenza) are commonly available for consumer use.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the names of <strong>two </strong>functional groups present in zanamivir using section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Distinguish between bacteria and viruses.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>hydroxyl</p>
<p>carboxyl/carbonyl</p>
<p>ether</p>
<p>amido/carbonyl</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl”, </em><em>“carboxylic acid” for “carboxyl” and </em><em>“amide/carboxamide” for “amido”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “amino/amine” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“imine/imino” </em><em>but these are not correct as they are </em><em>part of the guanidino group.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “alkenyl/alkene/carbon to carbon </em><em>double bond” but </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>“C=C” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“carbon </em><em>double bond”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “carbonyl” only once.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “heterocyclic ring” for “ether”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>bacteria perform living functions <strong>«</strong>on their own<strong>» </strong><strong><em>AND </em></strong>viruses do not <strong>«</strong>without host cell<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>bacteria have cell walls <strong><em>AND </em></strong>viruses do not</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>bacteria do not have a capsid <strong><em>AND </em></strong>viruses do</p>
<p> </p>
<p>bacteria larger than viruses</p>
<p>bacteria reproduce by fission/budding <strong><em>AND </em></strong>viruses reproduce within a living host cell</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept examples of living functionsexcretion, </em><em>reproduction etc for M1.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “bacteria have </em><em>flagella/cytoplasm/ribosome </em><strong><em>AND </em></strong><em>virus </em><em>can have head/protein tail/double </em><em>stranded RNA/single stranded DNA”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other specific structural </em><em>differences for M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “asexual reproduction for </em><em>bacteria” for M4.</em></p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 is often given as an example of serendipity in science.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Explain how penicillin works and why it is necessary to continue to develop new forms of penicillin with modified side chains.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1"><em>Two of these for first two marks</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">interferes with enzymes/chemicals that bacteria need to make (normal) <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cell walls</span> / interferes with <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cell wall</span> formation (in bacteria);</p>
<p class="p1">osmotic pressure causes (weakened) cell wall to break/burst / water enters cell causing it to burst / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">\(\beta \)-lactam ring is strained/reactive;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Required for final mark</em>:</p>
<p class="p1">bacteria become resistant to penicillins/produce the enzyme penicillinase / <em>OWTTE </em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">In (c) many candidates gave detailed descriptions of the interference of penicillin in the formation of cell walls, but it was not rare to see this connected with the bursting of the cell or the statement that this led to increased osmotic pressure without taking water into consideration. It was rather uncommon to find answers including \(\beta \)-lactam ring‘s reactivity. The vast majority of candidates were aware of problems related to bacteria becoming resistant.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Dyspepsia, commonly known as indigestion, is due to excess acid in the stomach and can be treated using antacids.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State the name of the acid found in the gastric juices of the stomach.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Two examples of antacids are aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. State the equations to show the action of each antacid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>hydrochloric acid;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{3HCl}} \to {\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{3}}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1">\({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_3} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Ignore state symbols.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for correct reactants and products in both equations if equations are not balanced.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The vast majority scored the mark in (a), but a small number of candidates gave the formula for hydrochloric acid rather than writing the name.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In (b) many correct answers were given but it was surprising to see that some candidates did not know the correct chemical formulas and how to balance equations. In some cases candidates wrote an equation for the reaction between aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Creating a new pharmaceutical product is a long and complex process. Outline the main stages of this process in the correct order.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">There are various ways to administer drugs to a patient. One of the common methods, parenteral, is also known as injection. State and describe <strong>two </strong>other methods of administering drugs.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The efficiency of certain drugs is strongly dependent on the frequency and regularity of their administration. Explain the importance of patient compliance when the patient is treated with antibacterials.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">drug design/discovery/screening/identifying lead compound;</p>
<p class="p1">preparation of analogues through combinatorial chemistry;</p>
<p class="p1">characterization of the new compound / in vitro testing / drug formulation/delivery/stability studies;</p>
<p class="p1">pre-clinical (toxicology and pharmacokinetics) tests / tests on animals/bacteria/cell cultures / LD<sub>50</sub> / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">clinical tests/tests on humans;</p>
<p class="p1">ED<span class="s3">50 </span>to show improvements over existing drugs / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Penalize for incorrect order once only</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">oral</span> – by mouth / swallowing pills/powders / drinking liquids/mixtures / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">inhalation</span> – administering drugs into respiratory tract / inhaling gases/vapours/sprays/powders;</p>
<p class="p1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">rectal</span> – introducing drugs into the rectum/colon via the anus / using suppositories/enemas;</p>
<p class="p1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">transdermal</span> – diffusion through the skin/skin patches/ointments/therapeutic baths;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept other methods/variations with appropriate descriptions.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>if only two correct names or two correct descriptions are given.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">irregular/interrupted treatment allows more bacteria to survive (and mutate) / failure to complete full course / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1">surviving bacteria develop/pass on resistance (to the drug);</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept superbugs.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Part (a) was generally well answered although a lot of candidates seem to think that ED<sub><span class="s1">50 </span></sub>is established on animals and a few, even more worryingly, linked LD<sub><span class="s1">50 </span></sub>with human trials!</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (b), descriptions were often missing but in (c) most understood the importance of frequency and regularity of drug administration.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">In part (b), descriptions were often missing but in (c) most understood the importance of frequency and regularity of drug administration.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Antiviral drugs are a major research focus.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are used against flu viruses. Explain how these drugs function.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Shikimic acid, the precursor for oseltamivir (Tamiflu), was originally extracted from star anise, and is now produced using genetically modified <em>E. coli </em>bacteria.</p>
<p>Suggest <strong>one </strong>difficulty associated with synthesizing oseltamivir (Tamiflu) from star anise.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>blocks/inhibits neuraminidase/NA/<strong>«</strong>viral<strong>» </strong>enzyme which allows viruses to pass through cell membrane</p>
<p>prevent virus from leaving/escaping host cell <strong>«</strong>thus it cannot infect other cells<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>limited supply of star anise/plant</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>star anise<strong>» </strong>takes time to grow</p>
<p>time-consuming/multi-step extraction</p>
<p>low concentration in plan</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “low yield for </em><em>extraction/conversion” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“requires </em><em>environmentally damaging solvents”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide since it was first recorded in 1981. The control and treatment of HIV is made worse by the high price of anti-retroviral agents and sociocultural issues. Discuss <strong>one </strong>sociocultural difficulty facing society today associated with solving this global problem.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-30_om_10.50.54.png" alt="N10/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ0/D3/M"></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>for identification of sociocultural issue.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>each for any two valid points related to the chosen sociocultural issue.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not accept contraception for condom use.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Apply OWTTE throughout.</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">This part of the question proved very challenging to most candidates. Many journalistic responses were given here also. Candidates struggled to provide a sociocultural difficulty associated with AIDS and found it difficult to articulate a coherent response. However, <em>OWTTE </em>allowed candidates to score some marks.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Many common illnesses are caused by viral infections.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections. Outline <strong>two </strong>ways in which antiviral drugs work.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss <strong>two </strong>difficulties associated with the development of drugs for the effective treatment of AIDS.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>alter cell’s genetic material;</p>
<p>(changes cell membrane so that it) inhibits virus entry/binding to cell;</p>
<p>prevents virus from leaving cell (after reproduction);</p>
<p>becomes part of DNA of virus / alters virus / blocks enzyme (polymerase) which builds DNA;</p>
<p>prevents virus from using cell to multiply/reproduce/replicate;</p>
<p><em>Do not accept “blocks enzyme activity within host cell / OWTTE”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>HIV mutates (rapidly) / <em>OWTTE;</em></p>
<p><em>Do not accept “AIDS mutates” without mention of the virus.</em></p>
<p>HIV destroys (T-)helper cells/white blood cells/lymphocytes / HIV attacks immune system;</p>
<p><em>Penalize the use of “AIDS” for “HIV” once only.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not accept general answers based on “cost of drugs” or “cost of development”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>More than half of the candidates showed a good understanding of how antiviral drugs work.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates talked about the rapid mutation of viruses, however, only a few talked about viruses destroying T-helper cells as a difficulty associated with the development of drugs for the treatment of AIDS. A number of candidates discussed the high cost of such drugs that was irrelevant to the question. Some candidates confused AIDS with HIV.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The therapeutic window is used as a measure of the safety of a drug. Define the term <em>therapeutic window</em>.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">range of dosages/concentrations of drug able to treat disease successfully staying within safety limit/between therapeutic and toxic levels / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept LD<sub>50</sub></em> <em>over ED<sub>50</sub>.</em></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">This was answered well although few recognized the amide group in (a) (ii) and the therapeutic window was a little shaky. Many defined the therapeutic <em>index </em>which is not quite the same thing.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Penicillins and aspirin are important medicines.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction used to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why aspirin is <strong>not </strong>stored in a hot, humid location.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>irreversibly<strong>» </strong>binds/bonds to enzyme/transpeptidase</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>inhibits enzyme/transpeptidase <strong>«</strong>in bacteria<strong>» </strong>that produces cell <span>walls</span></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>prevents cross-linking of bacterial cell <span>walls</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>cells absorb water <strong><em>AND </em></strong>burst</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>cells cannot reproduce</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><strong>[2 marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>modify side chain</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>condensation</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>esterification</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>nucleophilic substitution/nucleophilic displacement/S<sub>N</sub>2</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept just </em><em>“substitution/displacement”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>water causes hydrolysis</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>aspirin reacts with water</p>
<p> </p>
<p>heat increases the rate of hydrolysis</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>heat increases the rate of the reaction with water</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “aspirin will convert into </em><em>salicylic/ethanoic acid”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “aspirin dissolves in </em><em>water” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“aspirin absorbs water/is </em><em>hygroscopic”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Drug synthesis often involves solvents.</p>
<p>Identify a common hazardous solvent and a Green solvent that could replace it.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><em>Hazardous solvent:</em></p>
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>methanal/formaldehyde</p>
<p>methanol</p>
<p>chlorinated solvent/carbon tetrachloride/methylene chloride/dichloromethane</p>
<p>diethyl ether/ethoxyethane</p>
<p> </p>
<p>benzene</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>methyl benzene/toluene</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>1,2/1,3/1,4<strong>» </strong>dimethylbenzene/<strong>«</strong>ortho/o-/meta/m-/para/p-<strong>» </strong>xylene</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Green solvent:</em></p>
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>water</p>
<p><strong>«</strong>supercritical/liquid<strong>» </strong>carbon dioxide/supercritical fluids</p>
<p>ethanol <strong>«</strong>only if replacing a hazardous solvent<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>propan-2-ol/2-propanol/isopropanol <strong>«</strong>only if replacing a hazardous solvent<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>propanone/acetone <strong>«</strong>only if replacing a hazardous solvent<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>ethyl ethanoate/ethyl acetate <strong>«</strong>only if replacing a hazardous solvent<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>organic carbonates/dimethyl carbonate/diethyl carbonate/ethylene</p>
<p>carbonate/propylene carbonate</p>
<p>ionic liquids</p>
<p>fluorous solvents</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept correct names (either IUPAC or </em><em>generic) or formulas.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept inorganic acids such as </em><em>HCl, H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>SO</em><sub><em>4</em></sub><em>, etc.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept any specific chlorinated solvent.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other hazardous solvents.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept any solvent given as </em><strong><em>both </em></strong><em>hazardous and green.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for combination “Hazardous </em><em>solvent: dimethylformamide/DMF/N,N-dimethylmethanamide” </em><strong><em>AND </em></strong><em>“Green </em><em>solvent: methanol </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>only if replacing a </em><em>hazardous solvent</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept other green solvents but </em><strong><em>not</em></strong><em> “solvents from biomass/food waste”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A commonly used mild analgesic is aspirin, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, whose structure is given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>One form of soluble aspirin is \({\text{Ca(}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{9}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{7}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}\).</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Morphine, codeine and diamorphine (heroin) are examples of strong analgesics. Their structures are given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe how mild analgesics function.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Outline why this substance is more soluble than standard aspirin in water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii) Deduce the balanced ionic equation for the reaction that occurs between soluble aspirin and the acid in the stomach.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Deduce <strong>two </strong>named functional groups present in both aspirin and diamorphine.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii) Deduce <strong>one </strong>named functional group present in morphine but not in diamorphine.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii) State <strong>two </strong>short-term advantages and <strong>two </strong>long-term disadvantages of using codeine as a strong analgesic.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Short-term advantages:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Long-term disadvantages:</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>intercepts pain stimulus at source / inhibits release of substances/prostaglandins that cause pain/swelling/fever;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i) ionic compound (which dissociates);</p>
<p>(ii) \({{\text{C}}_9}{{\text{H}}_7}{\text{O}}_4^ - {\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{C}}_9}{{\text{H}}_8}{{\text{O}}_4}{\text{(aq)}}\);</p>
<p><em>Ignore state symbols</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore arrow</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i) phenyl/benzene ring;</p>
<p><em>Do not allow just benzene or arene or the formula C</em><sub><em>6</em></sub><em>H</em><sub><em>6</em></sub><em>.</em></p>
<p>ester;</p>
<p><em>Do not allow –COO– or carbonyl/CO.</em></p>
<p>(ii) hydroxyl / phenol;</p>
<p><em>Allow alcohol/hydroxy but not hydroxide.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not allow –OH.</em></p>
<p>(iii) <em>Award </em><strong><em>[1] for any two </em></strong><em>short-term advantages from</em>:</p>
<p>strong<em>/</em>powerful (pain reliever);</p>
<p>fast-acting / effective;</p>
<p>has a wide safety margin;</p>
<p>can quickly stop diarrhoea;</p>
<p>can be used in cough mixtures/medicines / antitussive properties;</p>
<p>works effectively with paracetamol/acetaminophen;</p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1] for any two </em></strong><em>long-term disadvantages from</em>:</p>
<p>(regular use) can lead to addiction/dependence/withdrawal symptoms;</p>
<p>tolerance can lead to toxic dosages;</p>
<p>can result in depression / apathy;</p>
<p>can cause mental health problems;</p>
<p>can result in constipation;</p>
<p>can result in sterility/sexually related problems;</p>
<p>memory loss;</p>
<p>serious health risk to babies who are breastfed;</p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for one correct advantage and one correct disadvantage.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>While many candidates scored the mark, some candidates offered vague and/or inaccurate descriptions of how mild analgesics functioned.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i) Few candidates scored here. Very often the answers would attribute the solubility to the presence of calcium.</p>
<p>(ii) A highly discriminating question. A substantial number of candidates ignored the request for an ionic equation. Those who attempted one mostly failed to give the correct products.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i) Many correct answers. A few candidates stated “benzene” without “ring” which did not score the mark. Another mistake was using “esther” where it was not clear if “ester” or “ether” was meant.</p>
<p>(ii) A well answered question.</p>
<p>(iii) A good number of candidates scored at least one mark, often as a result of stating one short-term and one long-term advantage of using codeine.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The structures of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are given in section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare and contrast the structures of oseltamivir and zanamivir, stating the names of functional groups.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxIAAADjCAYAAAAR4iLqAAAfy0lEQVR4Ae3dD4yc5Z0f8O+sI5JcbUMt0rILLYhythPVKak3Rrqkh7ETb1HjK93kTJrEdWILfBJwNBZhi8kf6eBoDBYIEpRyFntQE3qQsAJxLbGJ95wWmovPG5EjSsyKpqSFXbd1KVmslKB6p5r9Yy9rj2Ey5F3POx9L1uz8ed7f83x+r5f5Mu/7TqVarVbjDwECBAgQIECAAAECBBoQ6GjgtV5KgAABAgQIECBAgACBCYF3TDtUKpXpH90SIECAAAECBAgQIEDghALTBzQdDRK1B2phYvqJE47yIAECBAgQIECAAAECbSkwOys4tKktdwOLJkCAAAECBAgQINCcgCDRnJ/RBAgQIECAAAECBNpSQJBoy7ZbNAECBAgQIECAAIHmBASJ5vyMJkCAAAECBAgQINCWAoJEW7bdogkQIECAAAECBAg0JyBINOdnNAECBAgQIECAAIG2FBAk2rLtFk2AAAECBAgQIECgOQFBojk/owkQIECAAAECBAi0pYAg0ZZtt2gCBAgQIECAAAECzQkIEs35GU2AAAECBAgQIECgLQUEibZsu0UTIECAAAECBAgQaE5AkGjOz2gCBAgQIECAAAECbSkgSLRl2y2aAAECBAgQIECAQHMCgkRzfkYTIECAAAECBAgQaEsBQaIt227RBAgQIECAAAECBJoTECSa8zOaAAECBAgQIECAQFsKCBJt2XaLJkCAAAECBAgQINCcgCDRnJ/RBAgQIECAAAECBNpSQJBoy7ZbNAECBAgQIECAAIHmBEoSJMZzeHhvBvr7ckmlksrE365c0rcjjw2NZrw5o7d39PiB9Pd0patvMGNNbHl8uD89le70DR5K8lqG+9el0tOf4WYXe9z8xjL85F3Zev+BU8uxCTtDCRAgQIAAAQIEmhcoQZB4PaODN2Xtkmvy2Murcs+rR1KtVlM9MpTtF/0iA2uXZ/XWJzPa7Bvs5q0nt9CxNBt3jWRk26osbGKbHYs3Zld1f7atOrOJrZxg6Oz5je3PvRu+mqEjJ3ithwgQIECAAAECBNpW4B2tvfLxHB66O59a/e2c/8ifZ0fvuTmajDo6s7x3S+4+d17Wdm/JF7tnPd/aCzd7AgQIECBAgAABAnMqcPR995zO4tcu/nL2PfzN7F3z+fRdNiNEHN1eR+YvX58vXf/O9F99T/aOjSdjg+nr6krPjiez7/5jh0J1bbgjTw6/8WCj8dF9ub+vZ8ahUv0ZnPWao6Wmfzg8nME3HGLVk77+wQwfnvpI5A2HDo1nbHBruir/LNsHBrJ9w7KpWj3pu39fRseG8+T2DemaOFRrWTbc8fTRT1beeGjTdPEZt+OjGRrYng1dMw/1mjn/Qxns607lkr7smK7RtTWD/+cnxw69qlktXZ1bR0eze9N7M6/r2uz4k83pqr2uZjnzz4Tr1KFWU2t8Ww61mlnDzwQIECBAgAABAqeMQGsHibG/zq6dQ+m88LycVXcli9Ldsyado7uza//LU/Cj2X3l9jyy4HN5fOIwqBfzwNnfyZrN92Zo6g3/+EsDuWL5pgye9eWMHKmmWj2Qbyx5Op9ZuTUDL71ep4GvZOjfbMlnvve+fGPqEKsjI9dl3s4rc83Dwyc5x+DRfOFr+3P+jU+nWv1VRvb8TvZ99qJ0Lf3j/Ph3v5oXq0fy6k+vS277g3zx0Z+fZDvT03olQ7dfkbWPvTtXDf1q6lCvv8qX5j2U1TPWOPHqvf8hTy36QoZrdfduzorTZ0AuXJVtB/bk+s7OrLn3pzkycmeu+OTlWZ/H883v/vcZ8xjP2P7vZmfWpKd7UTJ1eFR118YsnrG56dm5JUCAAAECBAgQaH2Bln6bN37whTwz2pllS7oy/017MZJnXjh09M1v5/V9ubF36eS4js50f2R5Ovd+Pz8aqYWEQ9l71y3pX/b53Hjth9I5obQwSzduywPr/zJX3/XUiU+UHj+YHz15IMsuviiL50/SdnR+NLf8xfPZtXHpscOujpvr8lz/pS3pXVw7a+K0dHb/o6yovXm/+YZcu6IzHenI/MUX5eJl/ztP/OC/5PBx42c9MPbDPHz7wazfcHlWdJ42+WTH2Vn52cuz5ugap8Z0rs2GT7wv82t1F5/75o4L/2HWbTk3/ffsyfNHP5R4Oft37U7WfyTdC1t6l5oF6S4BAgQIECBAgEA9Ae/6JmQ6Mv+cC7IsP8tzLx5O6n7SMT/nLDk/ozu/m/2zD+2pbafjrPyDjy7N7i/+aR7dN5iBweE3f9NfrzPNPF77JGFkf7ateDmDAwMZqP3t78vqJZuyu5ntTow9Ix/4vd6s2f2dPPX8a5Nbm/BK1ve8v6kTyJuemg0QIECAAAECBAgUJtDSQaLjrPNyYedonn1u5C28Ye/KheedeZJPBY43H711dU4/ejnZ2rkG786STd86/oVHHzkjy697MM89cFFeeWRbPr56SRZUapehnXluwtEXz/jh/Cw5580/U5kx4E1+HMuB/k3pWrAkq7/2g7xSe/UZl+Yb+/8ka6bD0pts4WRPd1ywOps3/jRfvPc/ZyxThzUt+XTWrVh0smGeI0CAAAECBAgQKJFASweJLHx/etYvz+gzL+Tg0cNsZndn8rCb0c6p4/dnP133/tR5AbVzKGb/Hbklq+oewrMwi1f1ZuO2XZPnO+z/ev7JwTuyeuVXjz9BuW7t5p4YH/52rt20L5c+8kKO/MW2bOztTW/v76brF/81zza36cnRHX8nH/n02mTik5lD2b/re1m2/tJ8YOpwrrejhG0QIECAAAECBAic2gKtHSSyKCvWfTord9+RbSc8Cbl2ediduenWX2Xj1zdnZd03/7OaNBFQuvLs0z85epWkyVe8kqHtH2vgi99OS+fyy3LlhrXpHH0+Lxysd5L2rPpN3R3P4Refz7N5bz709//2jE9g/l9efeWNV6X69ct0ZOGKy7Jlye5886Fv5d/vPDuXf/i8GbV+/S0bSYAAAQIECBAg0BoCLR4kapd3vSoP7vlEfvbxj+Vz23fNuMxq7fKnt+eqtbclN9yem094edh6TTozK/9way594ivZeuf0JVfHMjxwa677QnLbLb0nvhrRxGVPL8glfQPH5nF4ON/dNZRs/GR6LnhXvYJv4+MdWdj9kazvfCo77/tPU0Ho9Yzu25GtV9+d0UYrze/KkmW/NTnql4czfRXbzH9/fm/9+em/8urcvuwf58OFrK3RyXs9AQIECBAgQIDAb0qgxYNEjeW0dK76SvaM3JfeRYPZvGDe5HcxzFue635wenofH8qeWz46deWlt87YcfZluXPvnbn44B+la17t/IjTs/KxRblm/45sWX7GiTfUsTSfve+hXPOex7Jyeh4Lfj+PvWdzHr/5Yzm7KO2FH86/fHxbVnx/w9Tcl+df/cczs+HRb+X6zhNPve6jHefn0r71eb32PRJ/Y2Menj7BOu/KBT2fzMba1aUu/51cMHNtvkeiLqcnCBAgQIAAAQJlEahUaycATP2pVCoT5wNM33dL4GQCtS/Fu3TlD7P5r25P79lTl5k92QDPESBAgAABAgQItKzA7Kww8/8jt+yiTHwOBMZfyt77BvL6ln+RNULEHDRASQIECBAgQIDA3AoIEnPr34LVX8tw/7pU5n0wNx3ZmHv+oPvNv8SuBVdpygQIECBAgAABAicXcGjTyX08S4AAAQIECBAgQIBAMnEe8oyzIlyx015BgAABAgQIECBAgEDjAg5tatzMCAIECBAgQIAAAQJtLyBItP0uAIAAAQIECBAgQIBA4wKCRONmRhAgQIAAAQIECBBoewFBou13AQAECBAgQIAAAQIEGhcQJBo3M4IAAQIECBAgQIBA2wsIEm2/CwAgQIAAAQIECBAg0LiAING4mREECBAgQIAAAQIE2l5AkGj7XQAAAQIECBAgQIAAgcYFBInGzYwgQIAAAQIECBAg0PYCgkTb7wIACBAgQIAAAQIECDQuIEg0bmYEAQIECBAgQIAAgbYXECTafhcAQIAAAQIECBAgQKBxAUGicTMjCBAgQIAAAQIECLS9gCDR9rsAAAIECBAgQIAAAQKNCwgSjZsZQYAAAQIECBAgQKDtBQSJtt8FABAgQIAAAQIECBBoXECQaNzMCAIECBAgQIAAAQJtLyBItP0uAIAAAQIECBAgQIBA4wKCRONmRhAgQIAAAQIECBBoewFBou13AQAECBAgQIAAAQIEGhcQJBo3M4IAAQIECBAgQIBA2wsIEm2/CwAgQIAAAQIECBAg0LiAING4mREECBAgQIAAAQIE2l5AkGj7XQAAAQIECBAgQIAAgcYFBInGzYwgQIAAAQIECBAg0PYCpQoS48P96alU0tU3mLF6rR0/kP6erlS6tmZwbLzOq17LcP+6VCrd6Rs8VOc1SdnrhVUS+0LtH0DZ93XrqzX5VPzdaN+b+A/QKdkbvxv9bpx6e2T/nPxn+ra9B51ybZGbSrVarU7PtVKpZMbd6YfdEiBAgAABAgQIECDQ5gKzs0KpPpFo895aPgECBAgQIECAAIHCBASJwqgVIkCAAAECBAgQIFAeAUGiPL20EgIECBAgQIAAAQKFCQgShVErRIAAAQIECBAgQKA8AoJEeXppJQQIECBAgAABAgQKExAkCqNWiAABAgQIECBAgEB5BASJ8vTSSggQIECAAAECBAgUJiBIFEatEAECBAgQIECAAIHyCAgS5emllRAgQIAAAQIECBAoTECQKIxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQLlERAkytNLKyFAgAABAgQIECBQmIAgURi1QgQIECBAgAABAgTKIyBIlKeXVkKAAAECBAgQIECgMAFBojBqhQgQIECAAAECBAiUR0CQKE8vrYQAAQIECBAgQIBAYQKCRGHUChEgQIAAAQIECBAoj4AgUZ5eWgkBAgQIECBAgACBwgQEicKoFSJAgAABAgQIECBQHgFBojy9tBICBAgQIECAAAEChQkIEoVRK0SAAAECBAgQIECgPAKCRHl6aSUECBAgQIAAAQIEChMQJAqjVogAAQIECBAgQIBAeQQEifL00koIECBAgAABAgQIFCYgSBRGrRABAgQIECBAgACB8ggIEuXppZUQIECAAAECBAgQKExAkCiMWiECBAgQIECAAAEC5REQJMrTSyshQIAAAQIECBAgUJiAIFEYtUIECBAgQIAAAQIEyiMgSJSnl1ZCgAABAgQIECBAoDABQaIwaoUIECBAgAABAgQIlEdAkChPL62EAAECBAgQIECAQGECgkRh1AoRIECAAAECBAgQKI+AIFGeXloJAQIECBAgQIAAgcIEBInCqBUiQIAAAQIECBAgUB4BQaI8vbQSAgQIECBAgAABAoUJCBKFUStEgAABAgQIECBAoDwCgkR5emklBAgQIECAAAECBAoTECQKo1aIAAECBAgQIECAQHkEBIny9NJKCBAgQIAAAQIECBQmIEgURq0QAQIECBAgQIAAgfIICBLl6aWVECBAgAABAgQIEChMQJAojFohAgQIECBAgAABAuURECTK00srIUCAAAECBAgQIFCYgCBRGLVCBAgQIECAAAECBMojIEiUp5dWQoAAAQIECBAgQKAwAUGiMGqFCBAgQIAAAQIECJRHQJAoTy+thAABAgQIECBAgEBhAoJEYdQKESBAgAABAgQIECiPgCBRnl5aCQECBAgQIECAAIHCBEoSJMZzeHhvBvr7ckmlksrE365c0rcjjw2NZrwwzjqFxgbT19WVnv4DE3MZH+5PT6U7fYOHpgbU5j+Qvku6Jufe05/hsQMZ6OuZWsu69A+/VmfjHiZAgAABAgQIECBQvEAJgsTrGR28KWuXXJPHXl6Ve149kmq1muqRoWy/6BcZWLs8q7c+mdE5TxPHmtuxeGN2Vfdn26ozJx8cH87D11ydned/PS8eqaa661PJt7+cj+/87Tzy4q9SrT6cjYvfdWwDfiJAgAABAgQIECAwxwLvmOP6TZYfz+Ghu/Op1d/O+Y/8eXb0npujyaijM8t7t+Tuc+dlbfeWfLF71vNNVv6NDD/zjCw4uoBahYU5Y0GLt+g3AmWjBAgQIECAAAECcy3whretcz2Zxuu/nH0PfzN713w+fZfNCBFHN9SR+cvX50vXvzP9V9+TvWPjyfRhRjuezL77jx0K1bXhjjw5PHZ0ZO2H8dF9uf/o4UW1Q6X6MzjrNW8YMHHn9YwODWT7hmWThyV1bcj2J36YgzNeOPPQpomf5703m3aPZvTW1Tl94rCsd2fJpm8lo/86q0+fl66+wUzMbHw0QzPmXLmkL/2Dwzk8ve2ptV3Sd9fR+o2O7WnYZVk2bN+V4cMzPvJ5s3nmtQz3r0ul4pCt6da5JUCAAAECBAi0mkBrB4mxv86unUPpvPC8nFV3JYvS3bMmnaO7s2v/y1P9Gc3uK7fnkQWfy+MTh0G9mAfO/k7WbL43Q1NviMdfGsgVyzdl8KwvZ6R2uFH1QL6x5Ol8ZuXWDLz0ep0+T31C0n1P/tc//VZerW17+Iac/8Mn829HTzxk4jCnIz/NvWs603n9nvyiNqb6f/Pcvb+fdN6QPb84kpFtq7Jw/OcZuGJN1g7+3WwbqR3udCSvfuN9+d5nPp5rB34+4zyQ0ezd+aMsuuHpVI/8j+y9sruhsW/N5bLcl815rnYY2av/Lhc/e11WXvtoXqplibc0z3dl8caHHbJ14l3CowQIECBAgACBlhCo+/a7FWY/fvCFPDPamWVLujL/TSc8kmdeOHT0DXfn9X25sXfp5LiOznR/ZHk6934/PxqphYRD2XvXLelf9vnceO2H0jmhtDBLN27LA+v/Mlff9dTkJwTH1Zz8hOS5mduevzS9N/bl+s7jXtzAA+MZ23tPru5/b26+cVNWdJ6WpCPzl67P1x5YmyemP22Z2mLn+k/nE0sXJh1/K4v/3vzGxs6c+3Eur+X5XX+W/nw2X7rxsiye35HMf18+sWFt0v9n2fX8Lxuq1QCAlxIgQIAAAQIECJxiAi0dJN4+y47MP+eCLMvP8tyLh5O6n3TMzzlLzs/ozu9mf+0wqdl/JsaNHB9s5ndlybLfmv3qBu6/nP27dme084Kcd1YtREz/mZr3Gz5tmX5u+raZsbNcxl/IUw89lSy7IOfUQsTEn44sXHVLRiZOCP9lE/Ocnq9bAgQIECBAgACBVhCYfjfYCnM9bo4dZ52XCztH8+xzI8fOEzjuVdMPdOXC8848djL29MMnuT12zsL0JWWnzl2oM2byE5I6T74dD0+dMzF5edvJOc1bsim738q2mxn7VrY/8zVF1ppZ188ECBAgQIAAAQKFCbT2JYEWvj8965fn1mdeyMHxZOEJY9H0/5Ffk57uRQ3AdmbNvYN5YuPStxw+JoNN8kwDVRp66Zp789wTG7P4hOtM6hxvNVmimbENTTLJm9VqdHteT4AAAQIECBAgcMoJ1HtLespN9MQTWpQV6z6dlbvvyLZHZ55wPP3q2snPO3PTrb/Kxq9vzsoTJ43pFx+7nQgoXXn26Z/M+v6JVzK0/WOp1L4w7gRHNmV63OxPSA6P5Llnf3ls+w3/NHXC+LM/zI9HZ57oXVvfHbnkpFc/ambsrIl2nJcPX/7h5Nnn8+KMqzRNXoWq9oV7/zMfqJ3Y/mvNc1YtdwkQIECAAAECBE5pgRYPErXLu16VB/d8Ij/7+MfyuZmXIa1dgnTg9ly19rbkhttz8wkvD1uvN2dm5R9uzaVPfCVb73x6KkyMZXjg1lz3heS2W3rrfCowNW7ntbmm/8eTh1sdPpCBP96WW+tctaneDN74eEcWrtycr1/6vVy9dUf2TYSJ2rdhP5qbrrs7ue26rKv7hXXNjH3jLJJ35YJLr8gNSx7OTV/dM+ky/lL23vdQdq/8Qm5ZtzR/89ee5+xa7hMgQIAAAQIECJzKAi0eJGq0p6Vz1VeyZ+S+9C4azOYF8ya/v2He8lz3g9PT+/hQ9tzy0akrL731VnScfVnu3HtnLj74R+maVzsf4fSsfGxRrtm/I1uWn1F3Q5PjtmfZ9/55FtS+E2LBtfnBBzfmtjXNnGxdu0jTuem985E8cPF/S1/XO1OpzMuClY/lPdc8lAe3rDj5VauaGTtrpR2dH83NDz6Yzx7ZPuky74O56chnsv/Bq7K8dgL2W6rleyRmsbpLgAABAgQIEGg5gUq1Wq1Oz7p2Eu+Mu9MPuyVAgAABAgQIECBAoM0FZmeFEnwi0eYdtXwCBAgQIECAAAECcyAgSMwBupIECBAgQIAAAQIEWl1AkGj1Dpo/AQIECBAgQIAAgTkQECTmAF1JAgQIECBAgAABAq0uIEi0egfNnwABAgQIECBAgMAcCAgSc4CuJAECBAgQIECAAIFWFxAkWr2D5k+AAAECBAgQIEBgDgQEiTlAV5IAAQIECBAgQIBAqwsIEq3eQfMnQIAAAQIECBAgMAcCgsQcoCtJgAABAgQIECBAoNUFBIlW76D5EyBAgAABAgQIEJgDAUFiDtCVJECAAAECBAgQINDqAoJEq3fQ/AkQIECAAAECBAjMgYAgMQfoShIgQIAAAQIECBBodQFBotU7aP4ECBAgQIAAAQIE5kBAkJgDdCUJECBAgAABAgQItLqAINHqHTR/AgQIECBAgAABAnMgIEjMAbqSBAgQIECAAAECBFpdQJBo9Q6aPwECBAgQIECAAIE5EBAk5gBdSQIECBAgQIAAAQKtLiBItHoHzZ8AAQIECBAgQIDAHAgIEnOAriQBAgQIECBAgACBVhcQJFq9g+ZPgAABAgQIECBAYA4EBIk5QFeSAAECBAgQIECAQKsLCBKt3kHzJ0CAAAECBAgQIDAHAoLEHKArSYAAAQIECBAgQKDVBQSJVu+g+RMgQIAAAQIECBCYAwFBYg7QlSRAgAABAgQIECDQ6gKCRKt30PwJECBAgAABAgQIzIFAqYLE+HB/eiqVdPUNZqwe5viB9Pd0pdK1NYNj43Ve9VqG+9elUulO3+ChOq9Jyl4vrJLYF2r/AMq+r1tfrcmn4u9G+97Ef4BOyd743eh349TbI/vn5D/Tt+096JRri9xUqtVqdXqulUolM+5OP+yWAAECBAgQIECAAIE2F5idFUr1iUSb99byCRAgQIAAAQIECBQmIEgURq0QAQIECBAgQIAAgfIICBLl6aWVECBAgAABAgQIEChMQJAojFohAgQIECBAgAABAuURECTK00srIUCAAAECBAgQIFCYgCBRGLVCBAgQIECAAAECBMojIEiUp5dWQoAAAQIECBAgQKAwAUGiMGqFCBAgQIAAAQIECJRHQJAoTy+thAABAgQIECBAgEBhAoJEYdQKESBAgAABAgQIECiPgCBRnl5aCQECBAgQIECAAIHCBASJwqgVIkCAAAECBAgQIFAeAUGiPL20EgIECBAgQIAAAQKFCQgShVErRIAAAQIECBAgQKA8AoJEeXppJQQIECBAgAABAgQKExAkCqNWiAABAgQIECBAgEB5BASJ8vTSSggQIECAAAECBAgUJiBIFEatEAECBAgQIECAAIHyCAgS5emllRAgQIAAAQIECBAoTECQKIxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQLlERAkytNLKyFAgAABAgQIECBQmIAgURi1QgQIECBAgAABAgTKIyBIlKeXVkKAAAECBAgQIECgMAFBojBqhQgQIECAAAECBAiUR0CQKE8vrYQAAQIECBAgQIBAYQKCRGHUChEgQIAAAQIECBAoj4AgUZ5eWgkBAgQIECBAgACBwgQEicKoFSJAgAABAgQIECBQHgFBojy9tBICBAgQIECAAAEChQmUKkiMD/enp1JJV99gxuoRjh9If09XKl1bMzg2XudVr2W4f10qle70DR6q85qk7PXCKol9ofYPoOz7uvXVmnwq/m607038B+iU7I3fjX43Tr09sn9O/jN9296DTrm2yE2lWq1Wp+daqVQy4+70w24JECBAgAABAgQIEGhzgdlZoVSfSLR5by2fAAECBAgQIECAQGECgkRh1AoRIECAAAECBAgQKI+AIFGeXloJAQIECBAgQIAAgcIEBInCqBUiQIAAAQIECBAgUB4BQaI8vbQSAgQIECBAgAABAoUJCBKFUStEgAABAgQIECBAoDwCgkR5emklBAgQIECAAAECBAoTECQKo1aIAAECBAgQIECAQHkEBIny9NJKCBAgQIAAAQIECBQmIEgURq0QAQIECBAgQIAAgfIICBLl6aWVECBAgAABAgQIEChMQJAojFohAgQIECBAgAABAuURECTK00srIUCAAAECBAgQIFCYgCBRGLVCBAgQIECAAAECBMojIEiUp5dWQoAAAQIECBAgQKAwAUGiMGqFCBAgQIAAAQIECJRHQJAoTy+thAABAgQIECBAgEBhAoJEYdQKESBAgAABAgQIECiPgCBRnl5aCQECBAgQIECAAIHCBASJwqgVIkCAAAECBAgQIFAeAUGiPL20EgIECBAgQIAAAQKFCQgShVErRIAAAQIECBAgQKA8AoJEeXppJQQIECBAgAABAgQKExAkCqNWiAABAgQIECBAgEB5BASJ8vTSSggQIECAAAECBAgUJiBIFEatEAECBAgQIECAAIHyCAgS5emllRAgQIAAAQIECBAoTECQKIxaIQIECBAgQIAAAQLlERAkytNLKyFAgAABAgQIECBQmIAgURi1QgQIECBAgAABAgTKI1CpVqvV2nIqlUp5VmUlBAgQIECAAAECBAj8RgSm4kPeMb316Qem77slQIAAAQIECBAgQIBAPQGHNtWT8TgBAgQIECBAgAABAnUFBIm6NJ4gQIAAAQIECBAgQKCegCBRT8bjBAgQIECAAAECBAjUFRAk6tJ4ggABAgQIECBAgACBegL/H55v15KY2AbHAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the wavenumber of one absorbance seen in the IR spectrum of only one of the compounds, using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> ethical consideration faced by medical researchers when developing medications.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>One similarity:</em></p>
<p>both contain amido «group»</p>
<p><em>One difference:</em></p>
<p>oseltamivir contains ester «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> zanamivir does not<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>oseltamivir contains amino «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> zanamivir does not «but contains a guanidino group»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>zanamivir contains carboxyl «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oseltamivir does not<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>zanamivir contains «several» hydroxyl «groups» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> oseltamivir does not<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>oseltamivir contains ester «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> zanamivir contains carboxyl «group»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>oseltamivir contains ester «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> zanamivir contains «several» hydroxyl «groups»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “both contain ether «group»” <strong>OR</strong> “both contain alkene/alkenyl «group»” <strong>OR</strong> “both contain carbonyl «group»” <strong>OR</strong> “both contain amino/amine «group»”. Latter cannot be given in combination with second difference alternative with respect to amino group.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “amide/carboxamide/carbamoyl” for “amido”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “amine” for “amino”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “carboxylic acid” for “carboxyl”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “hydroxy/alcohol” for “hydroxyl”, but not “hydroxide”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>1050–1410<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>1620–1680<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>1700–1750<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2500–3000<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>3200–3600<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>2850–3090<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>3300–3500 «cm<sup>–1</sup>»</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«negative» side-effects of medication on patient/volunteers<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>effects on environment «from all materials used and produced»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>potential for abuse<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>drugs may be developed that are contrary to some religious doctrines<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>animal testing<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>risk to benefit ratio<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>appropriate consent of patient volunteers</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Maalox<sup>®</sup> manufactures several different types of antacid. Maalox<sup>®</sup> Extra Strength is a suspension. One teaspoon (\({\text{5.00 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\)) contains 400 mg of magnesium hydroxide, \({\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}\), 306 mg of aluminium hydroxide, \({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}}\), and 40.0 mg of simethicone. Maalox® Extra Strength with Anti-gas comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains 1000 mg of calcium carbonate, \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\), and 60.0 mg of simethicone.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Stomach acid approximates to \(1.00 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) hydrochloric acid. Assuming that simethicone does not react with acid, determine the volume, in \({\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\), of stomach acid neutralized by:</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equations for the reactions of magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Magnesium hydroxide:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Aluminium hydroxide:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Calcium carbonate:</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) one teaspoon (\({\text{5.00 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\)) of Maalox<sup>®</sup> Extra Strength.</p>
<p>(ii) one tablet of Maalox<sup>®</sup> Extra Strength with Anti-gas.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>\({\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p>\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3} + {\text{3HCl}} \to {\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_3} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\);</p>
<p>\({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_3} + {\text{2HCl}} \to {\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}\);</p>
<p><em>Accept H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>CO</em><sub><em>3 </em></sub><em>for H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>O and CO</em><em><sub>2</sub>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i) amount of \({\text{Mg(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2} = \left( {\frac{{0.400}}{{(24.31 + 32.00 + 2.02)}} = \frac{{0.400}}{{58.33}} = } \right){\text{ }}6.86 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ (mol)}}\)</p>
<p><strong>and </strong>amount of \({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3} = \left( {\frac{{0.306}}{{(26.92 + 48.00 + 3.03)}} = \frac{{0.306}}{{77.95}} = } \right){\text{ }}3.93 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ (mol)}}\);</p>
<p>amount of HCl reacting \( = (2 \times 6.86 \times {10^{ - 3}}) + (3 \times 3.93 \times {10^{ - 3}}) = 2.55 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ (mol)}}\) so volume of \(1.00 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ HCl}} = 2.55{\text{ }}({\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^3})\);</p>
<p><em>No ECF from (a) if formulas of Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub></em> <em>or Al(OH)<sub>3</sub></em> <em>are incorrect.</em></p>
<p><em>Allow integer values for atomic masses.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p>(ii) amount of \({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_3} = \left( {\frac{{1.000}}{{(40.08 + 12.01 + 48.00)}} = \frac{{1.000}}{{100.09}} = } \right){\text{ }}9.99 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ (mol)}}\);</p>
<p>amount of HCl reacting \( = (2 \times 9.99 \times {10^{ - 3}}) = 2.00 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ (mol)}}\) so volume of \(1.00 \times {10^{ - 2}}{\text{ HCl}} = 2.00{\text{ }}({\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^3})\);</p>
<p><em>Allow integer values for atomic masses.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize incorrect answer based on same units mistake once only in 12 (b) (i) and (ii).</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Majority of the candidates were able to provide correct balanced equations for part (a) and score the three marks. Many were able to score one mark for completing the calculations in part (b)(i). The most common errors were using the incorrect value for the volume in step 2 or deducing the incorrect amount of HCl reacting. Most candidates performed well on part (b)(ii). For part (c) candidates lost the mark for stating it prevents flatulence.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Majority of the candidates were able to provide correct balanced equations for part (a) and score the three marks. Many were able to score one mark for completing the calculations in part (b)(i). The most common errors were using the incorrect value for the volume in step 2 or deducing the incorrect amount of HCl reacting. Most candidates performed well on part (b)(ii). For part (c) candidates lost the mark for stating it prevents flatulence.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Adults can produce approximately \({\text{2 d}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of gastric juice daily in the stomach.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The pH of gastric juice is 1.5. Identify the compound responsible for its acidity and state whether it is a strong or weak acid.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Compound:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Strong or weak acid:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Antacid tablets are often taken for an upset stomach. Identify the reaction involved in this treatment and state the general ionic equation for this reaction type.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Type of reaction:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Ionic equation:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One active ingredient in a commercial brand of antacid tablets is a complex of aluminium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, dihydroxyaluminium sodium carbonate, \({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{NaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(s)}}\).</p>
<p>Deduce the balanced equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of \({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{NaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(s)}}\) with the acid present in gastric juice.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Compound</em>:</p>
<p>hydrochloric acid/HCl;</p>
<p><em>Strong or weak acid</em>:</p>
<p>strong (acid);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Type of reaction</em>:</p>
<p>neutralization;</p>
<p><em>Accept acid-base.</em></p>
<p><em>Ionic equation</em>:</p>
<p>\({{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}/{\text{2}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{CO}}_3^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\) /</p>
<p>\({{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{HCO}}_3^ - {\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}}\);</p>
<p><em>Accept equations such as Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>(s) + 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq) </em>\( \to \) <em>Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l).</em></p>
<p><em>Ignore state symbols.</em></p>
<p><em>H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> or H<sup>+</sup></em> <em>may be used in the equation.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not allow the inclusion of spectator ions.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2}{\text{NaC}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{4HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_3}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{NaCl(aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\) /</p>
<p>\({\text{Al(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2}{\text{NaC}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{H}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{A}}{{\text{l}}^{3 + }}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{3}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\);</p>
<p>correct reactants <strong>and </strong>products;</p>
<p>correct state symbols <strong>and </strong>balanced;</p>
<p><em>M2 can only be awarded if M1 is correct.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Very well answered by most candidates recognizing the acid in the stomach as hydrochloric acid and that it is a strong acid.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Surprisingly only about half of the candidates recognized the reaction of antacids in the stomach as a neutralization reaction and only few candidates gave a correct ionic equation for the reaction.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>This was a discriminating question. Only the strong candidates were able to identify the correct products scoring one mark, and very few were able to add the correct state symbols and balance the equation. Common mistakes included writing solid state symbols for the salt products and writing an incorrect formula of aluminium chloride such as \({\text{AlC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}\). A number of candidates had aluminium hydroxide as a product.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The development of new and improved medications for the reduction and management of pain is an important part of 21st-century medicine.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the way that mild and strong analgesics prevent pain.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Mild analgesics:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Strong analgesics:</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The structure of morphine and diamorphine (heroin) are shown in Table 20 of the Data Booklet. State the name of the functional group present in diamorphine that is not present in morphine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss <strong>two</strong> advantages and <strong>two</strong> disadvantages of the medical use of morphine and its derivatives.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Advantages:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Disadvantages:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Mild analgesics:</em></p>
<p>mild analgesics work by intercepting pain stimulus at source;</p>
<p>suppress production of prostaglandins/pain sensitizing substances / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p><em>Strong analgesics:</em></p>
<p>strong analgesics work directly on <span style="text-decoration: underline;">opioid/pain</span> receptors in brain;</p>
<p>suppress transmission of pain impulses in brain/CNS / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ester;</p>
<p><em>Accept alkanoate/ethanoate/acetoxy.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Advantages:</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for any two of:</em></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">strong</span> pain relief / <span style="text-decoration: underline;">strong</span> analgesic;</p>
<p>sedation / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p>treatment of diarrhoea;</p>
<p>relieve coughing;</p>
<p><em>Disadvantages:</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for any two of:</em></p>
<p>addiction;</p>
<p>tolerance;</p>
<p>dependence;</p>
<p>constipation;</p>
<p>depresses respiratory drive;</p>
<p><em>Accept “criminals/drug addicts might get access to strong analgesics </em><em>intended for medical use” / OWTTE.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>if one advantage </em><strong><em>and </em></strong><em>one disadvantage are given.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Although the question on mild and strong analgesics, (a), is a question that has been asked previously a myriad of times, few surprisingly scored all four marks. Candidates occasionally discussed types of medication rather than mode of action. For mild analgesics many did not state the fact that these analgesics work by intercepting the pain stimulus at the source itself. The suppression of the production of prostaglandins often was not alluded to. For strong analgesics the most common mistake involved candidates not referring to opioid receptors in the brain.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(b) proved no problem for candidates though some stated incorrect functional groups or classes (alcohol and carboxylic acid were common incorrect answers). Please note that to prepare new candidates for the 2016 syllabus, the markscheme was later altered to include the correct naming of functional groups following IUPAC guidelines.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>In (c), most candidates scored at least one mark. For the advantage few stated the fact that morphine is a strong analgesic.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Each capsule of Solpadol<sup>®</sup>, a commercial analgesic, contains 500 mg of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and 30 mg of codeine (in the form of codeine phosphate hemihydrate).</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Diamorphine (heroin) is an even stronger painkiller than codeine. The structures of codeine and diamorphine are given in Table 20 of the Data Booklet. Discuss, in terms of named functional groups, how the structure of diamorphine differs from the structure of codeine.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A normal aspirin tablet taken to relieve pain contains about 300 mg of aspirin. Certain adults who are not in pain are recommended by doctors to take a smaller 75 mg dose of aspirin each day. State one reason for this recommendation.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>codeine contains a hydroxyl group;</p>
<p><em>Allow alcohol/hydroxy but not hydroxide.</em></p>
<p>codeine contains one methoxy group/two ether groups;</p>
<p><em>Allow codeine contains one additional ether group but not codeine contains the </em><em>ether group.</em></p>
<p>diamorphine contains ester/acetoxy/ethanoate group(s);</p>
<p><em>Names required not functional group formulas.</em></p>
<p><em>Allow acetyl group.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>prevents (the recurrence of) heart attack/stroke / reduces ability of blood to clot;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Majority of the candidates were familiar with the mode of action of mild and strong analgesics in part (a) however, there was some inaccurate use of the terminology. There was some confusion about signal interception and transmitting signals. For example, some candidates talked about prostaglandins released at the source and reducing pain perception in the brain. Most candidates answered the part (b) correctly; a few did not use functional group names but used bonds or diagrams instead. Many candidates missed stating two ether groups and were not able to score the third mark. The majority of candidates stated correct advantages and disadvantages of paracetamol over aspirin in part (b). Part (c) was well answered by the majority of candidates; some gave the only reason as aspirin thins blood and lost the mark; almost all candidates were able to provide one reason for answer to part (d) correctly. Many candidates missed to identify both, codeine as a strong analgesic and addictive, and did not score the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Majority of the candidates were familiar with the mode of action of mild and strong analgesics in part (a) however, there was some inaccurate use of the terminology. There was some confusion about signal interception and transmitting signals. For example, some candidates talked about prostaglandins released at the source and reducing pain perception in the brain. Most candidates answered the part (b) correctly; a few did not use functional group names but used bonds or diagrams instead. Many candidates missed stating two ether groups and were not able to score the third mark. The majority of candidates stated correct advantages and disadvantages of paracetamol over aspirin in part (b). Part (c) was well answered by the majority of candidates; some gave the only reason as aspirin thins blood and lost the mark; almost all candidates were able to provide one reason for answer to part (d) correctly. Many candidates missed to identify both, codeine as a strong analgesic and addictive, and did not score the mark.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Analgesics can be either mild or strong.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p class="p1">Morphine, codeine and diamorphine (heroin) are all examples of strong analgesics. Their structures are found in Table 20 of the Data Booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Explain how mild and strong analgesics prevent pain.</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Mild analgesics:</p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p2"> </p>
<p class="p1">Strong analgesics:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">State a reason why it is dangerous to use aspirin while consuming alcohol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Deduce from the structures the names of <strong>two </strong>functional groups present in all three analgesics.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Deduce the name of <strong>one </strong>functional group present in diamorphine (heroin) but not in morphine or codeine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Mild analgesics:</em></p>
<p class="p1">intercept pain stimulus at source / inhibit release of substances/prostaglandins that cause pain/swelling/fever / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Strong analgesics:</em></p>
<p class="p1">(temporarily) bond to receptor sites in brain / prevent transmission of pain impulses in central nervous system/CNS / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>if states that mild analgesics act at source and strong analgesics </em><em>act at brain/CNS.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">increased risk of stomach bleeding;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1"><em>Any two for </em><strong><em>[1]</em></strong></p>
<p class="p1">amine</p>
<p class="p1">benzene ring</p>
<p class="p1">alkene</p>
<p class="p1">ether</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Allow benzene or phenyl (group) but not arene.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">ester;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Names of functional groups must be stated for both marks in part (d).</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Do not apply ECF in (d) if formulas (for example, C=C) given instead of names.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">The mode of action of mild and strong analgesics in part (a) was well known by most candidates; however, the terminology used was sometimes inaccurate and reflected confusion. For example, some candidates talked about intercepting pain receptors on site of injury for mild analgesics.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Part (c) was well answered by the majority of candidates (increased risk of stomach bleeding when alcohol is consumed with aspirin), and two-thirds of the candidates identified the functional groups correctly in part (d). A common mistake was using the term <em>esther </em>which was not clear whether it was meant to indicate <em>ether </em>or <em>ester</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Part (c) was well answered by the majority of candidates (increased risk of stomach bleeding when alcohol is consumed with aspirin), and two-thirds of the candidates identified the functional groups correctly in part (d). A common mistake was using the term <em>esther </em>which was not clear whether it was meant to indicate <em>ether </em>or <em>ester</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p class="p1">Part (c) was well answered by the majority of candidates (increased risk of stomach bleeding when alcohol is consumed with aspirin), and two-thirds of the candidates identified the functional groups correctly in part (d). A common mistake was using the term <em>esther </em>which was not clear whether it was meant to indicate <em>ether </em>or <em>ester</em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A number of drugs have been developed to treat excess acidity in the stomach.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Two drugs are ranitidine (Zantac) and omeprazole (Prilosec). Outline how they function to reduce stomach acidity.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>0.500 g of solid anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>(s), is dissolved in 75.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.100 mol\(\,\)dm<sup>−3</sup> sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>(aq). Assume the volume does not change when the salt dissolves.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq) \( \rightleftharpoons \) CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>(aq) + H<sup>+</sup>(aq) p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> = 10.35.</p>
<p>Calculate the pH of the buffer solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Ranitidine:</em><br>Blocks/binds H2-histamine receptors «in cells of stomach lining»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>prevents histamine molecules binding to H2-histamine receptors «and triggering acid secretion»</p>
<p><em>Omeprazole:</em><br>inhibits enzyme/gastric proton pump which secretes H<sup>+</sup> ions «into gastric juice»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “H2 receptor antagonist” for M1.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>[Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>] = «\(\frac{{0.500{\text{ g}}}}{{105.99{\text{ g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}} \times 0.075{\text{ d}}{{\text{m}}^3}}}\)=» 0.0629 «mol\(\,\)dm<sup>−3</sup>»</p>
<p>«pH = p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> + log\(\frac{{[{\text{conj base]}}}}{{[{\text{conj acid}}]}}\)»</p>
<p>«pH = 10.35 – 0.201 =» 10.15</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Alternative method involving K<sub>a</sub> may be used to deduce pH in M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>-2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Drug research and development is a lengthy and expensive process. Testing is required to determine the therapeutic window, tolerance and side-effects of a drug before it can be approved for use.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the meaning of the term therapeutic window.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why a narrow therapeutic window may be a problem.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the meaning of the term side-effects.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>range of dosages/concentrations of drug (able to treat disease successfully) staying within safety limit / between effective/ED<sub>50</sub> and toxic levels/LD<sub>50</sub>;</p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept definition of therapeutic index (ratio of LD</em><sub><em>50</em></sub><em>/TD</em><sub><em>50 </em></sub><em>to ED</em><sub><em>50</em></sub><em>).</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “lethal levels” for “toxic levels” even if laboratory animals are not </em><em>referred to.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>toxic levels are easily reached / effective dose not given for fear of reaching toxic level / close medical supervision required;</p>
<p><em>Accept “lethal levels” for “toxic levels”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>adverse effects of drug / physiological/psychological effect other than that for which the drug was prescribed / secondary (undesired) effects of drug / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates confused the definition of “therapeutic window” with “therapeutic index”. The nature of a narrow therapeutic window was also not well understood although the nature of side-effects was well articulated. The role of dimethicone as an anti-foaming agent was well understood overall. It was correctly identified as an anti-foaming agent where small bubbles are converted into larger ones and then released. This decreases "bloating" and increases rather than decreases "flatulence" which was seen quite often as a response in the use of dimethicone.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates confused the definition of “therapeutic window” with “therapeutic index”. The nature of a narrow therapeutic window was also not well understood although the nature of side-effects was well articulated. The role of dimethicone as an anti-foaming agent was well understood overall. It was correctly identified as an anti-foaming agent where small bubbles are converted into larger ones and then released. This decreases "bloating" and increases rather than decreases "flatulence" which was seen quite often as a response in the use of dimethicone.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many candidates confused the definition of “therapeutic window” with “therapeutic index”. The nature of a narrow therapeutic window was also not well understood although the nature of side-effects was well articulated. The role of dimethicone as an anti-foaming agent was well understood overall. It was correctly identified as an anti-foaming agent where small bubbles are converted into larger ones and then released. This decreases "bloating" and increases rather than decreases "flatulence" which was seen quite often as a response in the use of dimethicone.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">State the differences between the structures of morphine and diamorphine (heroin). State the names of all functional groups in the molecule of morphine.</p>
<p class="p1">Differences:</p>
<p class="p1">Functional groups:</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1"><em>Differences:</em></p>
<p class="p1">(two) hydroxy(l)/alcohol and phenol groups are esterified/replaced with ester/ethanoate/acet(yl)oxy groups / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Accept formulas instead of group names.</em></p>
<p class="p1"><em>Functional groups:</em></p>
<p class="p1">hydroxy(l)/alcohol/phenol;</p>
<p class="p1">ether/oxa;</p>
<p class="p1">(tertiary) amine/amino;</p>
<p class="p1">double bond/alkene;</p>
<p class="p1">aromatic/benzene ring/phenyl/aryl;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Many candidates were able to identify the differences in the structures of morphine and diamorphine, but in the second part of the question quite a number of candidates gave the formula of the functional groups rather than their names, as required by the question.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The first commercially available antibiotic came from a class of compounds known as the penicillins.</p>
</div>
<div class="question">
<p>Explain how penicillins work and why it is necessary to continually modify the side-chain.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>penicillins interfere with (enzymes involved with) development of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">cell wall</span>/(cross-link) structure of bacteria;</p>
<p>(due to damage) cells absorb water (by osmosis) <strong>and </strong>burst / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
<p>modifying side-chain overcomes resistance (by bacteria) / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>In (b) the most common mistake seen was claims that penicillin breaks down cell walls. This is totally incorrect <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">–</span> penicillin does not break down existing cell walls – it only interferes with the production of new ones. Many candidates also did not mention the fact that due to damage cells absorb water and burst. Most knew that modification of the side-chain overcomes resistance by bacteria.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Diseases may be caused by bacteria or viruses.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain how penicillins work as antibacterials.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The R group in the general structure of penicillin shown below represents a side-chain which is regularly modified.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_05.44.22.png" alt="m15/4/CHEMI/SP3/eng/TZ2/18.a.ii"></p>
<p>Explain why this modification is necessary.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe <strong>two </strong>ways in which antiviral drugs work.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>prevent the formation of bacterial cell walls / interfere with chemicals/enzyme/transpeptidase needed by bacteria to form normal cell walls / inhibits cross-links developing in bacterial cell walls;</p>
<p>(osmosis) causes water to enter bacterial cell and cell bursts / cell wall weakens (making it more permeable to water) and bacterium bursts (and dies);</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>makes penicillin more effective / makes penicillin resistant to penicillinase (enzyme) / allows different methods of administration / penicillins can be made which are resistant to acid in the stomach;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>change cell membrane to prevent viruses entering/attaching to cell;</p>
<p>alter cell’s genetic material so virus cannot use it to multiply;</p>
<p>inhibit enzymes involved in replication/reverse transcriptase / stop enzyme activity inside the cell (and prevent the viruses from multiplying);</p>
<p>prevent replicated virus leaving the cell;</p>
<p>initiates apoptosis/death of cells infected by viruses;</p>
<p>mimic guanosine/base-sugar monomer in DNA/RNA formation inhibiting enzymes involved in replication;</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students were able to explain how penicillins work as antibacterial agents although sometimes the answers lacked clarity. The reason for the modification of the side-chain of penicillin was often linked to bacterial resistance but did not specifically address how it actually affects the action of penicillin. Candidates were often unclear on the different ways that anti-viral drugs can work and although they usually managed to achieve one of the two marks, many explanations lacked the precision in terms of their mode of action.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students were able to explain how penicillins work as antibacterial agents although sometimes the answers lacked clarity. The reason for the modification of the side-chain of penicillin was often linked to bacterial resistance but did not specifically address how it actually affects the action of penicillin. Candidates were often unclear on the different ways that anti-viral drugs can work and although they usually managed to achieve one of the two marks, many explanations lacked the precision in terms of their mode of action.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Many students were able to explain how penicillins work as antibacterial agents although sometimes the answers lacked clarity. The reason for the modification of the side-chain of penicillin was often linked to bacterial resistance but did not specifically address how it actually affects the action of penicillin. Candidates were often unclear on the different ways that anti-viral drugs can work and although they usually managed to achieve one of the two marks, many explanations lacked the precision in terms of their mode of action.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Discuss the term <em>therapeutic window</em>. Your answer should include its meaning, a quantitative description and an explanation of <strong>wide </strong>and <strong>narrow </strong>therapeutic windows.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">measure of the relative margin of safety of a drug (for a particular treatment for a typical population) / measure for safe effective treatment;</p>
<p class="p1">\(\frac{{{\text{lethal dose (L}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}{\text{)}}}}{{{\text{therapeutic or effective dose (E}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}{\text{)}}}}\) <strong>/</strong></p>
<p class="p1">ratio of the lethal dose \({\text{(L}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}{\text{)}}\) to the therapeutic or effective dose \({\text{(E}}{{\text{D}}_{{\text{50}}}}{\text{)}}\) / the range of dosage of a drug/its concentration in a bodily system/blood;</p>
<p class="p1"><em>Definition of LD</em><sub><span class="s1"><em>50</em></span></sub><em> and ED</em><sub><span class="s1"><em>50</em></span></sub><em> not required for mark.</em></p>
<p class="p1">wide therapeutic window exists for small effective dose and larger lethal dose / toxicity occurs at much higher concentrations than for successful treatment / a big difference between effective and lethal dose / drugs with wide therapeutic window are safer;</p>
<p class="p1">narrow therapeutic window requires small doses as lethal dose is not large / <em>OWTTE</em>;</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">Most candidates gave the description of a therapeutic window, but it was clear that many candidates did not really understand what it means and some confused wide and narrow therapeutic window with wide and narrow spectrum antibiotics.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Drug testing is necessary to determine safe and effective doses.</p>
<p>Distinguish between the lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) and the toxic dose (TD<sub>50</sub>).</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p><em>LD</em><sub><em>50</em></sub><em>:</em> amount/dose that kills 50% of the population</p>
<p><em>TD</em><sub><em>50</em></sub><em>: </em>amount/dose that negatively affects/produces toxic effects in 50% of the population</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for “LD</em><sub><em>50 </em></sub><em>used in animal </em><em>trials </em><strong><em>AND </em></strong><em>TD</em><sub><em>50 </em></sub><em>used in human studies”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Penicillin is an antibiotic which contains a beta-lactam ring. Its general structure is shown below.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Outline what is meant by the term “ring strain”.</p>
<p>(ii) On the diagram above, label with asterisk/s (*) the carbon atom/s that experience ring strain.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Some antibiotic-resistant bacteria produce a beta-lactamase enzyme which destroys penicillin activity. Suggest how adding clavulanic acid to penicillin enables the antibiotic to retain its activity.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">(ii) Populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased significantly over the last 60 years. Outline why antibiotics such as penicillin should not be prescribed to people suffering from a viral infection.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p>bond angles smaller/distorted<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>instability resulting from abnormal bond angles<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>bond angles «approximately» 90° instead of 109.5°/120°</p>
<p><em>Accept “109/110°” for “109.5°”</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p>asterisks (*) on all 3 lactam ring carbon atoms</p>
<p><em>Must mark all 3 carbon atoms.<br>Ignore asterisks on the RHS carbon atoms of the five-membered ring.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>i</p>
<p>beta-lactam/four-membered ring «in clavulanic acid» reacts with enzyme/beta lactamase</p>
<p><em>Accept “acts as enzyme inhibitor/suicide substrate/preferentially binds to enzyme”.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p>ii</p>
<p>antibiotics not effective against viruses<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>viruses have no cell wall/cell structure/target structures to attack</p>
<p>increasing exposure of bacteria «to antibiotic» increases resistance</p>
<p><em>Accept “antibiotics kill beneficial bacteria” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Morphine and diamorphine (heroin) are both opioids.</p>
<p>Explain why diamorphine is more potent than morphine using section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>morphine has hydroxyl/OH groups/is more polar <strong><em>AND </em></strong>diamorphine has ester/ethanoate/acetate groups/is less polar/is lipid soluble</p>
<p>crossing blood brain barrier is easier for non-polar/less polar compounds/for lipid soluble compounds</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl” </em><em>but </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>“hydroxide”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept "fats" for "lipid".</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The properties of four analgesics are summarized below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-10_om_17.57.20.png" alt="M15/4/CHEMI/SP3/ENG/TZ1/03"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce which drugs could be morphine, aspirin and codeine.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Morphine:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Aspirin:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Codeine:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare the structures of diamorphine (heroin) and morphine. Their structures are given in table 20 of the data booklet.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Two similarities:</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>One difference:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Morphine</em>: D;</p>
<p><em>Aspirin: </em>A;</p>
<p><em>Codeine: </em>C;</p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for all three correct, </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>for two correct.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Similarities:</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for </em><strong><em>any two</em></strong><em>:</em></p>
<p>benzene ring/aromatic ring/−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>;</p>
<p><em>Accept “phenyl” or “arene” but not C</em><sub><em>6</em></sub><em>H</em><sub><em>5</em></sub>- <em>or benzene/C</em><sub><em>6</em></sub><em>H</em><sub><em>6</em></sub>.</p>
<p>(tertiary) amino/−NRR'/NRR'R'';</p>
<p><em>Accept “(tertiary) amine”.</em></p>
<p>carbon−carbon double bond/C=C;</p>
<p><em>Accept “alkene” or “alkenyl”.</em></p>
<p>ether/C−O−C;</p>
<p><em>Accept “both have the same ring structure / OWTTE”.</em></p>
<p><em>Difference:</em></p>
<p>ester/CH<sub>3</sub>COO in diamorphine/heroin <strong>and </strong>hydroxyl/OH in morphine;</p>
<p><em>Accept “ethanoate” for ester.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “alcohol” or “hydroxy” for hydroxyl but not hydroxide.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates matched the analgesics to the properties successfully.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Most candidates identified two similarities and one difference between diamorphine and morphine. For the difference, it was necessary to mention both the hydroxyl groups in morphine and the ester groups in diamorphine.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Aspirin is one of the most widely used drugs in the world.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Aspirin was synthesized from 2.65 g of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) (<em>M</em><sub>r</sub> = 138.13) and 2.51 g of ethanoic anhydride (<em>M</em><sub>r</sub> = 102.10).</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the amounts, in mol, of each reactant.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, in g, the theoretical yield of aspirin.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State <strong>two</strong> techniques which could be used to confirm the identity of aspirin.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how aspirin can be converted to water-soluble aspirin.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare, giving a reason, the bioavailability of soluble aspirin with aspirin.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>n(salicylic acid) = «\(\frac{{2.65{\text{ g}}}}{{138.13{\text{ g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}\)» 0.0192 «mol»</p>
<p><em><strong>AND</strong></em></p>
<p>n(ethanoic anhydride) = «\(\frac{{2.51{\text{ g}}}}{{102.10{\text{ g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}\)» 0.0246 «mol»</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«mass = 0.0192 mol x 180.17 g\(\,\)mol<sup>–1</sup> =» 3.46 «g»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award ECF mark <strong>only</strong> if limiting reagent determined in (i) has been used.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>melting point</p>
<p>mass spectrometry/MS</p>
<p>high-performance liquid chromatography/HPLC</p>
<p>NMR/nuclear magnetic resonance</p>
<p>X-ray crystallography</p>
<p>elemental analysis «for elemental percent composition»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “spectroscopy” instead of “spectrometry” where mentioned but <strong>not</strong> “spectrum”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “infra-red spectroscopy/IR” <strong>OR</strong> “ultraviolet «-visible» spectroscopy/UV/UV-Vis”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “gas chromatography/GC”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “thin-layer chromatography/TLC” as an alternative to “HPLC”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>react with NaOH</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “NaHCO<sub>3</sub>” or “Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>” instead of “NaOH”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept chemical equation <strong>OR</strong> name for reagent used.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«marginally» higher <em><strong>AND</strong></em> increase rate of dispersion<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«marginally» higher <em><strong>AND</strong></em> increase absorption in mouth/stomach «mucosa»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«approximately the» same <em><strong>AND</strong></em> ionic salt reacts with HCl/acid in stomach to produce aspirin again</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do not accept “«marginally» higher <strong>AND</strong> greater solubility in blood”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The mild analgesic aspirin can be prepared in the laboratory from salicylic acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">(CH<sub>3</sub>CO)<sub>2</sub>O + HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COOH → CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COOH + CH<sub>3</sub>COOH</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Salicylic acid Aspirin </p>
<p> </p>
<p>After the reaction is complete, the product is isolated, recrystallized, tested for purity and the experimental yield is measured. A student’s results in a single trial are as follows.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Literature melting point data: aspirin = 138–140 °C</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the percentage experimental yield of the product after recrystallization. The molar masses are as follows: <em>M</em>(salicylic acid) = 138.13 g mol<sup>−1</sup>, <em>M</em>(aspirin) = 180.17 g mol<sup>−1</sup>. (You do not need to process the uncertainties in the calculation.)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why isolation of the crude product involved the addition of ice-cold water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify the conclusion that recrystallization increased the purity of the product, by reference to <strong>two</strong> differences between the melting point data of the crude and recrystallized products.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State why aspirin is described as a mild analgesic with reference to its site of action.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 1:</strong></em><br>«theoretical yield = \(\frac{{1.552\,{\text{g}}}}{{138.13\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}\) × 180.17 g mol<sup>−1</sup> =» 2.024 «g»</p>
<p>«experimental yield = \(\frac{{1.124{\rm{g}}}}{{2.024{\rm{g}}}}\) × 100 =» 55.53 «%»</p>
<p><em><strong>ALTERNATIVE 2:</strong></em><br>«\(\frac{{1.552\,{\text{g}}}}{{138.13\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}\)»= 0.01124 «mol salicylic acid/aspirin theoretical» <em><strong>AND</strong></em></p>
<p>«\(\frac{{1.124\,{\text{g}}}}{{180.17\,{\text{g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}}\)»= 0.006239 «mol aspirin experimental»</p>
<p>«experimental yield = \(\frac{{0.006239{\rm{mol}}}}{{0.01124{\rm{mol}}}}\) x 100 =» 55.51 «%»</p>
<p><em>Accept answers in the range 55.4 % to 55.7 %.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[2]</strong> for correct final answer.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>low temperature gives greater difference between solubility of aspirin and impurities<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>«product» crystallizes out from cold solution/«ice-cold water/lower temperature» speeds up crystallization process<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>aspirin/product has low solubility «in water» at low temperatures</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>intercepts pain stimulus at source/acts at site of pain<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>interferes with production of pain sensitizing substances/prostaglandins «at site of pain»</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>recrystallized melting point is higher<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>recrystallized melting point is closer to pure substance/literature value</p>
<p>smaller range of values</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Methadone, a synthetic opioid, binds to opioid receptors in the brain.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare and contrast the functional groups present in methadone and diamorphine (heroin), giving their names. Use section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Methadone is sometimes used to help reduce withdrawal symptoms in the treatment of heroin addiction. Outline <strong>one</strong> withdrawal symptom that an addict may experience.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Similarity</em>:</p>
<p>both contain «at least one» benzene/aromatic ring<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>both contain amino «group» </p>
<p><em>Difference:</em></p>
<p>diamorphine has one benzene/aromatic ring <em><strong>AND</strong></em> methadone has two phenyl «groups»<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>diamorphine has one vinylene/ethenylene/1,2-ethenediyl «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> methadone has no vinylene/ethenylene/1,2-ethenediyl «group» <br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>diamorphine has one ether «group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> methadone has no ether «group»<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>diamorphine has «two» ethanoate/acetate «groups» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> methadone has no ethanoate/acetate «groups»</p>
<p><em>Accept “both contain carbonyl «groups»”. <br>Accept “amine” for “amino «group»”. <br>Accept “phenyl” for “benzene ring” in M1 and M2 although there are no phenyl groups in diamorphine, as the benzene ring in this compound is a part of a polycyclic structure. <br>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “arene” or “benzene” alone in M1 and M2. <br>Accept “alkenyl/alkene” for “vinylene/ethenylene/1,2-ethenediyl” and “ester” for “ethanoate/acetate”. <br>Accept “methadone has a ketone/carbonyl <em><strong>AND</strong></em> diamorphine does not/has an ester/ethanoate/acetate”.<br>Accept “diamorphine is a heterocycle/heterocyclic compound <em><strong>AND</strong></em> methadone is not a heterocycle/heterocyclic compound”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>feeling depressed/anxious/irritable<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>craving for opioids/heroin<br><em><strong>OR<br></strong></em>experience fever/cold sweats/nausea/vomiting/insomnia/muscle pain/cramps/diarrhea/increased rate of respiration/increased heartbeat/lacrimation</p>
<p><em>Accept listed symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety, fever etc.). <br>Some of the most common symptoms are listed here – there may be other valid ones. Accept “headaches”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Many drugs, including aspirin, penicillin, codeine and taxol, have been modified from compounds that occur naturally.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Aspirin is often taken to reduce pain, swelling or fever. State one other use of aspirin.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by the bioavailability of a drug.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline how the bioavailability of aspirin may be increased.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Compare and contrast the IR spectrum of aspirin with that of salicylic acid, using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe how penicillin combats bacterial infections.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline <strong>two </strong>consequences of prescribing antibiotics such as penicillin unnecessarily.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how penicillins may be modified to increase their effectiveness.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Morphine and codeine are strong analgesics. Outline how strong analgesics function.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest one reason why codeine is more widely used than morphine as an analgesic.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>anticoagulant</p>
<p>lower risk of heart attack/strokes</p>
<p>prevent recurrence of heart attack/stroke</p>
<p>prevents cancer of colon/oesophagus/stomach</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “prevents/reduces blood clots” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“blood thinner”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>fraction/proportion/percentage <strong>«</strong>of administered dosage<strong>» </strong>that reaches target <strong>«</strong>part of human body<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>fraction/ proportion/percentage <strong>«</strong>of administered dosage<strong>» </strong>that reaches blood <strong>«</strong>plasma<strong>»</strong>/systemic circulation</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “the ability of the drug to be </em><em>absorbed by the body” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“the extent to </em><em>which the drug is absorbed by the body”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “the amount/quantity of </em><em>the drug absorbed”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>intravenous<strong>» </strong>injection/IV</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “parenterally”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “react with alkali/NaOH” </em><strong><em>OR</em></strong><em> “convert to ionic form/salt”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>One absorption found in both spectra:</em></p>
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>1050–1410 cm<sup>–1</sup> <strong>«</strong>C–O in alcohols, esters, ethers<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>1700–1750 cm<sup>–1</sup> <strong>«</strong>C=O in carboxylic acids, esters<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>2500–3000 cm<sup>–1</sup> <strong>«</strong>O–H in carboxylic acids<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>2850–3090 cm<sup>–1</sup> <strong>«</strong>C–H in alkanes, alkenes, arenes<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>One absorption found in only one of the spectra:</em></p>
<p>3200–3600 cm<sup>–1</sup> <strong>«</strong>O–H in alcohols, phenols<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>if candidate states bonds </em><em>(C</em><em>=</em><em>O in both, O–H in salicylic acid only) </em><em>but doesn’t quote wavelength ranges.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept a second/additional absorption at </em><em>1700–1750 cm</em><sup><em>–1 </em></sup><em>from the C</em><em>=</em><em>O in ester.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>ring is <strong>«</strong>sterically<strong>» </strong>strained</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>ring breaks up/opens/reacts <strong>«</strong>easily<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>amide/amido group <strong>«</strong>in ring<strong>» </strong>is <strong>«</strong>highly<strong>» </strong>reactive</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>«</strong>irreversibly<strong>» </strong>binds/bonds to enzyme/transpeptidase</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>inhibits enzyme/transpeptidase <strong>«</strong>in bacteria<strong>» </strong>that produces cell walls</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>prevents cross-linking of bacterial cell walls</p>
<p> </p>
<p>cells absorb water <strong><em>AND </em></strong>burst</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>cells cannot reproduce</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for “interferes with </em><em>cell wall production”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “cell membrane” instead </em><em>of “cell wall”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any two of:</em></p>
<p>leads to <strong>«</strong>bacterial<strong>» </strong>resistance/proportion of resistant bacteria increases</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>leads to penicillinase-producing bacteria</p>
<p>damage to/contamination of bodies of water/ecosystems</p>
<p>destroys useful/beneficial bacteria</p>
<p>destroyed bacteria replaced by more harmful bacteria</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “endocrine disruptor”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “increased cost </em><em>of developing antibiotics”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>modify side chain</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>temporarily bind to/block/interfere with receptor sites in brain</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>prevent transmission of pain impulses within CNS/central nervous system</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>codeine has a wider therapeutic window</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “codeine has lower activity” </em><strong><em>OR</em></strong><em> “codeine has lower risk of overdose” </em><strong><em>OR</em></strong><em> “codeine is less potent” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“codeine </em><em>has less side-effects”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “lower abuse potential for </em><em>codeine” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“less addictive </em><strong><em>«</em></strong><em>than </em><em>morphine</em><strong><em>»</em></strong><em>” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“codeine has a lower </em><em>bioavailability” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“available without </em><em>prescription” </em><strong><em>OR </em></strong><em>“cheaper”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Opiates have been used for thousands of years to alleviate pain. The structures of opiates are found in section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Diamorphine (heroin) can be synthesized from morphine. Identify the reagent necessary for this reaction and the by-product of this reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The reaction can be monitored by infrared spectroscopy. Using section 26 of the data booklet, identify <strong>two</strong> IR absorbance ranges that would help distinguishing the two compounds.</p>
<p>Present in morphine but not in diamorphine:</p>
<p>Present in diamorphine but not in morphine:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Discuss how the differences in structure between morphine and diamorphine affect their absorption in the body.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p><em>Accept names or structural formulas for reagent and by-product.</em><br><em>Accept IUPAC or alternative names of compounds e.g. acetic acid.</em><br><em>Award M2 only if the by-product corresponds to the reagent.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><em>Present in morphine but not in diamorphine:</em><br><strong>«</strong>has OH and absorbance at<strong>»</strong> 3200–3600 <strong>«</strong>cm<sup>–1</sup><strong>»</strong> </p>
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><em>Present in diamorphine but not in morphine:</em><br><strong>«</strong>has C=O and absorbance at<strong>»</strong> 1700–1750 <strong>«</strong>cm<sup>–1</sup><strong>»</strong> </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 23">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>morphine has <strong>«</strong>two» hydroxyl <strong>«</strong>groups<strong>»</strong> <em><strong>AND</strong></em> diamorphine/heroin has «two»<br>ester/ethanoate/acetate <strong>«</strong>groups<strong>»</strong> <br>morphine is more polar than diamorphine/heroin<br>diamorphine/heroin crosses the blood-brain barrier <strong>«</strong>easily<strong>»</strong></p>
<p>morphine is <more> soluble in blood «plasma»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>diamorphine/heroin is <strong>«</strong>more<strong>»</strong> soluble in lipids</p>
<p><em>Accept converse argument throughout. Accept “alcohol/hydroxy” for “hydroxyl” but not “hydroxide”.</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “diamorphine/heroin is non-polar” for M2.</em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Solubility plays an important role in the bioavailability of drugs in the body.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why aspirin is <strong>slightly</strong> soluble in water. Refer to section 37 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate an equation for the conversion of aspirin to a more water soluble derivative.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A student prepares aspirin from salicylic acid in the laboratory, extracts it from the reaction mixture, ensures the sample is dry and determines its melting point.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Suggest why the melting point of the student’s sample is lower and not sharp compared to that of pure aspirin.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Organic molecules can be characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy.</p>
<p>Compare and contrast the infrared peaks above 1500 cm<sup>−1</sup> in pure samples of aspirin and salicylic acid using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The pharmaceutical industry is one of the largest producers of waste solvents.</p>
<p>State a green solution to the problem of organic solvent waste.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>presence of «large» benzene/arene ring <em><strong>AND</strong></em> non-polar/hydrophobic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>presence of «large» benzene/arene ring <em><strong>AND</strong></em> cannot form H-bond with water</p>
<p>contain COOH/carboxyl/–OH/hydroxyl «and ester group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> polar/hydrophilic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>contain COOH/carboxyl/–OH/hydroxyl «and ester group» <em><strong>AND</strong></em> can form H-bonds with water</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “phenyl” for “benzene ring”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept "carboxylic acid" for "carboxyl".</em></p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept "alcohol" for "hydroxyl".</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OCOCH<sub>3</sub>)COOH + NaOH → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OCOCH<sub>3</sub>)COONa + H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Charges (O<sup>–</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>) not necessary to score the mark.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept net ionic equation.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept any strong base in place of NaOH.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«student’s» sample impure</p>
<p>lattice disrupted/not uniform «due to presence of impurities»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>fewer interparticle/intermolecular forces «due to presence of impurities»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>One similarity:</em><br>peak at 2500–3000 «cm<sup>–1</sup>»/peak due to O–H/hydroxyl in carboxylic acids<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>peak at 1700–1750 «cm<sup>–1</sup>»/peak due to C=O/carbonyl<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>peak at 2850–3090 «cm<sup>–1</sup>»/peak due to C–H of arene</p>
<p><em>One difference:</em><br>peak at 3200–3600 «cm<sup>–1</sup>» in salicylic acid/ peak due to O–H in phenol in salicylic acid<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«two» peaks at 1700–1750 «cm<sup>–1</sup>» in aspirin <em><strong>AND</strong></em> one peak «in the same area» in salicylic acid</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “peak at 1600 cm<sup>–1</sup> for arene/benzene ring” – not in the data booklet.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “2500–3600 cm<sup>–1</sup> «overlapping absorptions of two O–H» in salicylic acid”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “stronger/broader/split peak at 1700–1750 cm<sup>–1</sup> in aspirin”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«use of» alternative solvents such as supercritical/liquid CO<sub>2</sub><br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>use of water «as solvent»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>solvent-free reactions «for example, polymerization of propene»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>solid-state chemistry<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>recycle «waste» solvents<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>catalysis that leads to better/higher yield<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>reducing number of steps</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept political/regulatory solutions.</em></p>
<p><em>“catalysis” not sufficient for mark.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Radioactive isotopes are used in a variety of medical procedures including medical imaging and radiotherapy.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify examples of <strong>two</strong> types of medical radioactive waste and how <strong>each</strong> must be treated for proper disposal.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline an ethical implication of using nuclear treatments in medicine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1]</strong> for example <strong>AND</strong> corresponding treatment.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for the two examples.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<div class="page" title="Page 25">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p>risk vs benefit <strong>«</strong>patient and environment<strong>»</strong><br> <em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> providing adequate information to patients about risks<br> <em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> security concerns if nuclear radioactive material ended up with terrorists <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> cultural resistance/superstition/lack of education<br> <em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> «potential» exposure of health workers <strong>«</strong>to radioactivity<strong>»</strong><br> <em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> proper training <strong>«</strong>in radioactive hazards<strong>»</strong> not always given to workers <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br> proper disposal of radioactive materials</p>
<div class="page" title="Page 25">
<div class="section">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<p><em>Accept other valid ethical implications (note that risk of cancer to the patient is not an ethical issue, while risk of cancer to the health worker is).</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “security concerns” alone – there must be some reference to an ethical implication.</em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>