File "sentence-templates.html"
Path: /ThinkIB/englishb/englishb/page/21274/sentence-templateshtml
File size: 61.2 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K5VSFSN');
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<title>DP English B: Sentence templates</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="robots" content="none"><meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
<!-- Removed by WebCopy --><!--<base href="https://www.student.thinkib.net">--><!-- Removed by WebCopy --><meta name="keywords" content="English B, ThinkIB.net, InThinking, IB, IBDP, IBMYP"><meta name="description" content="Sentence templates. ThinkIB.net English B is an InThinking website.">
<link href="../../../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link href="../../../css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../../css/top-nav.min.css?v=202211301945" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link href="../../../css/style.min.css?v=20230110" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link href="../../../css/style-ib.min.css?v=20230105" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css">
<link href="../../../js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/side-nav.min.css?v=20220520"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/css/ckeditor5-custom.css" type="text/css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/std-access.min.css?v=20220504"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/snippets.min.css?v=202210181500"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/article.min.css?v=202212151220"><script src="../../../js/localdates.min.js?v=202009290900"></script><script src="../../../js/ifvisible.min.js"></script><script>ifvisible.setIdleDuration(300);</script><script>var tibSitename = "englishb";</script>
<script>
const SITE_TAG = "ib"
const SITE_WEB = "ThinkIB.net"
const SITE_DOMAIN = "www.thinkib.net"
const SITE_URI = "https://thinkib.net"
const SITE_CLIENT_CODE = "TIB000001"
let imageThinker = "../../../img/header-thinker-ib.svg";
let imageStudent = "../../../img/header-student-thinkib.svg";
</script>
<script>var userHash = "IB Docs (2) Team", userTicket = "*middle finger";</script><script src="../../../js/user/local-stats.min.js?v=202102101800"></script><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128"><meta name="application-name" content=" "><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.student.thinkib.net/img/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-144x144.png"><meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://www.student.thinkib.net/img/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-70x70.png"><meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www.student.thinkib.net/img/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-150x150.png"><meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://www.student.thinkib.net/img/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-310x150.png"><meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://www.student.thinkib.net/img/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-310x310.png">
</head>
<body onunload="" class="student-access">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K5VSFSN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<div id="header">
<div class="wmap">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="pull-right visible-phone">
<a href="https://www.inthinking.net">
<img src="../../../img/header-logo.svg" style="height: 45px; width: auto">
</a>
</div>
<div class="visible-phone" style="clear:both;"></div>
<div class="pull-left">
<h1><a href="../../../index.html?lg=42280"><span style="font-size: .8em;">IBDP English B brought to you by the IB Docs (2) Team</span></a></h1>
<p class="slogan hidden-phone"><span class="slogan"><em>InThinking</em> Subject Sites for teachers & their classes</span></p>
<p class="hidden-phone"><em>Group: IB Students<br>Teacher: IB Docs (2) Team</em></p>
</div>
<div class="pull-right text-right">
<a class="hidden-phone" href="https://www.inthinking.net">
<img src="../../../img/header-logo.svg" style="height: 70px; width: auto">
</a>
<div class="search"><a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Search"><i class="fa fa-2x fa-search"></i></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="topmenu">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<div>
<nav class="top-nav"><ul class="level-0"><li><a href="../../../index.html?lg=42280"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a></li><li><a href="../45946/start-here.html">Start here</a></li><li><a href="../366/assessment-.html">Assessment </a></li><li><a href="../26412/themes-2018-onwards.html">Themes, 2018 onwards</a></li><li class="selected"><a href="../360/language-system.html">Language System</a></li><li><a href="../15114/writing-.html">Writing </a></li><li><a href="../363/literature.html">Literature</a></li><li><a href="../361/approaches.html">Approaches...</a></li></ul></nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="nav-menu-search" class="shadow-md" style="display: none;">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<form class="form-inline" role="search" method="get" action="englishb/search">
<input id="nav-search" name="s" type="search" placeholder="Search English B..." value="">
<button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" type="submit">
Search
</button>
<a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search" title="Close">
<i class="fa fa-lg fa-times gray"></i>
</a>
</form>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<div id="container" class="container-fluid">
<div id="content">
<div class="row-fluid">
<div id="left-column" class="span3"> <div id="userbox">
<div class="dropdown" style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle btn">
<img style="width: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0 0 0;" src="../../../img/user/t/IBRR.jpg">
IB Docs (2) Team <i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" id="menu1">
<li><a href="../../../index.html?lg=42280"><i class="fa fa-caret-right fixwidth gray"></i> IBDP English B</a></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net/history?lg=42233"><i class="fa fa-caret-right fixwidth gray"></i> IBDP History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net/mathanalysis?lg=27105"><i class="fa fa-caret-right fixwidth gray"></i> IBDP Maths: Analysis & Approaches</a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net"><i class="fa fa-dashboard fixwidth colored"></i> Dashboard</a></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net/?pan=tasks"><i class="fa fa-pencil fixwidth colored"></i> All tasks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net/std/profile-editor"><i class="fa fa-user fixwidth colored"></i> My profile</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net?logout=1">
<i class="fa fa-power-off fixwidth"></i> Log out
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><br><div id="topicsnav" style="margin: 0; padding: 0px;"> <div class="row-fluid accordion-group" style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"> <div style="padding: 6px 4px 6px 8px; background: #204a87;"> <a class="accordion-toggle std-header" style="color: #fff; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #444; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#topicsnav" href="#side-box-topics-list"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90 white" style="margin-left: 4px;"></i> Topics </a> <span id="sidetreecontrol"> <a title="Collapse all" rel="collapse" href="#"> <i class="fa fa-minus-circle"></i> </a> <a title="Expand all" rel="expand" href="#"> <i class="fa fa-plus-circle"></i> </a> </span> </div> <div id="side-box-topics-list" class="accordion-body in collapse"> <div class="accordion-inner" style="line-height: 1.7em; padding: 0;"> <nav class="side-nav" id="sidemenu"><ul class="level-0 always-expanded"><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45946/start-here.html" title="Start here">Start here</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46001/students-start-here.html" title="Students start here">Students start here</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../366/assessment-.html" title="Assessment ">Assessment </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38443/revising-for-the-exam.html" title="Revising for the exam">Revising for the exam</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28551/orals-whats-expected.html" title="Orals: what's expected?">Orals: what's expected?</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23394/oral-ia-criteria-unpacked.html" title="Oral IA Criteria, unpacked">Oral IA Criteria, unpacked</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37567/orals-key-terms-indicators.html" title="Orals: key terms & indicators">Orals: key terms & indicators</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../35077/criterion-a.html" title="Criterion A">Criterion A</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../35078/criterion-b1.html" title="Criterion B1">Criterion B1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../35079/criterion-b2.html" title="Criterion B2">Criterion B2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../35080/criterion-c.html" title="Criterion C">Criterion C</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18624/specific-oral-skills.html" title="Specific Oral skills">Specific Oral skills</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7091/orals-advice-to-students.html" title="Orals advice to students">Orals advice to students</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="HL Orals">HL Orals</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30556/hl-critb1-make-use-advice.html" title="HL Crit.B1 'make use' - advice">HL Crit.B1 'make use' - advice</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="SL Orals">SL Orals</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30618/sl-critb1-draw-on-advice.html" title="SL Crit.B1 'draw on' - advice">SL Crit.B1 'draw on' - advice</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31721/paper-1.html" title="Paper 1">Paper 1</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23393/writing-criteria-unpacked.html" title="Writing criteria, unpacked">Writing criteria, unpacked</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37144/paper-1-advice-to-students.html" title="Paper 1 advice to students">Paper 1 advice to students</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Paper 2 Listening">Paper 2 Listening</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45968/listening-advice-to-students.html" title="Listening advice to students">Listening advice to students</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25179/listening-questions.html" title="Listening questions">Listening questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Paper 2 Reading">Paper 2 Reading</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25181/reading-question-types.html" title="Reading question types">Reading question types</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7089/paper-2-reading-technique.html" title="Paper 2 reading technique">Paper 2 reading technique</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19657/classic-p2-errors.html" title="Classic P2 errors">Classic P2 errors</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26412/themes-2018-onwards.html" title="Themes, 2018 onwards">Themes, 2018 onwards</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26325/identities.html" title="Identities">Identities</a></li></ul><li class="ancestor parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../360/language-system.html" title="Language System">Language System</a></li><ul class="level-1 expanded"><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Key Language Issues">Key Language Issues</a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21124/tenses-explored.html" title="Tenses, explored">Tenses, explored</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21121/tenses-present-past.html" title="Tenses present & past">Tenses present & past</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21123/tenses-future.html" title="Tenses future">Tenses future</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21122/tenses-progressive.html" title="Tenses progressive">Tenses progressive</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10474/about-articles-1.html" title="About articles 1">About articles 1</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10478/articles-1a-basic.html" title="Articles 1a Basic">Articles 1a Basic</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10479/articles-1b-mixed.html" title="Articles 1b Mixed">Articles 1b Mixed</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10477/articles-1c-correct-incorrect.html" title="Articles 1c Correct / Incorrect">Articles 1c Correct / Incorrect</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10490/about-articles-2.html" title="About articles 2">About articles 2</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10496/tasks-articles-2a-mixed.html" title="TASKS Articles 2A Mixed">TASKS Articles 2A Mixed</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10497/tasks-articles-2b-minirules.html" title="TASKS Articles 2B MiniRules">TASKS Articles 2B MiniRules</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../1702/basic-linkers.html" title="Basic linkers">Basic linkers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21197/compare-contrast.html" title="Compare & contrast">Compare & contrast</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../660/conditionals-explored.html" title="Conditionals, explored">Conditionals, explored</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../662/explaining-basic-logic-.html" title="Explaining basic logic ">Explaining basic logic </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Predicting the possible ">Predicting the possible </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33392/tasks-basic-1st-conditionals.html" title="TASKS Basic & 1st Conditionals">TASKS Basic & 1st Conditionals</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Imagining the possible">Imagining the possible</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33391/tasks-2nd-conditional.html" title="TASKS 2nd Conditional">TASKS 2nd Conditional</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Rewriting the past">Rewriting the past</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34083/tasks-3rd-conditional.html" title="TASKS 3rd Conditional">TASKS 3rd Conditional</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../666/related-conditional-phrases.html" title="Related Conditional phrases">Related Conditional phrases</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34103/tasks-related-conditional-phrases.html" title="TASKS Related conditional phrases">TASKS Related conditional phrases</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34143/make-do.html" title="Make & do">Make & do</a></li><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../387/sentence-structure-.html" title="Sentence Structure ">Sentence Structure </a></li><ul class="level-3 expanded"><li class="current" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="sentence-templates.html" title="Sentence templates">Sentence templates</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../1180/sequence-markers.html" title="Sequence markers">Sequence markers</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="The Asking of Questions">The Asking of Questions</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15213/question-frames.html" title="Question frames">Question frames</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="L1 interference">L1 interference</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20684/chinglish-demystified.html" title="Chinglish demystified">Chinglish demystified</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19324/russian.html" title="Russian">Russian</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16560/german.html" title="German">German</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15092/spanish.html" title="Spanish">Spanish</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Language of Instruction">Language of Instruction</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20892/ideas-nouns-verbs.html" title="Ideas, nouns & verbs">Ideas, nouns & verbs</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20997/vocabulary-of-methodical-thought-1.html" title="Vocabulary of methodical thought 1">Vocabulary of methodical thought 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21101/vocabulary-of-methodical-thought-2.html" title="Vocabulary of methodical thought 2">Vocabulary of methodical thought 2</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Modifiers in use">Modifiers in use</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20850/modifiers-degree.html" title="Modifiers - degree">Modifiers - degree</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20898/modifiers-quality.html" title="Modifiers - quality">Modifiers - quality</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../1309/language-of-caution-.html" title="Language of caution ">Language of caution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21183/degrees-of-certainty.html" title="Degrees of certainty">Degrees of certainty</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21184/framing-ideas.html" title="Framing ideas">Framing ideas</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16176/about-probability.html" title="About probability">About probability</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15114/writing-.html" title="Writing ">Writing </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching Writing">Teaching Writing</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../915/net-sieve-spine.html" title="NET SIEVE SPINE">NET SIEVE SPINE</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3749/rhetoric.html" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18615/specific-text-type-skills.html" title="Specific text type skills">Specific text type skills</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28852/text-type-expectations-.html" title="Text type expectations ">Text type expectations </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43315/on-choosing-text-types.html" title="On choosing text types">On choosing text types</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18416/article.html" title="Article">Article</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31132/blog.html" title="Blog">Blog</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18424/brochure-leaflet-etc.html" title="Brochure, leaflet, etc">Brochure, leaflet, etc</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31133/diary-private-journal.html" title="Diary (private) / journal">Diary (private) / journal</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31135/e-mail-letter.html" title="E-mail / letter">E-mail / letter</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18425/essay.html" title="Essay">Essay</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18426/interview.html" title="Interview">Interview</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18428/news-report.html" title="News report">News report</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31155/opinion-column-letter-to-the-editor.html" title="Opinion column / letter to the editor">Opinion column / letter to the editor</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Editor letters, sampled">Editor letters, sampled</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32766/tasks-editor-letters-sampled.html" title="TASKS Editor letters, sampled">TASKS Editor letters, sampled</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31170/personal-statement-cover-letter.html" title="Personal statement / cover letter">Personal statement / cover letter</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18430/proposal.html" title="Proposal">Proposal</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18429/-report-official.html" title=" Report (official)"> Report (official)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18431/review.html" title="Review">Review</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18432/set-of-instructions-guidelines.html" title="Set of instructions, guidelines">Set of instructions, guidelines</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31174/social-media-posting-online-forums.html" title="Social media posting / online forums">Social media posting / online forums</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18427/speech-presentation-debate-.html" title="Speech, presentation, debate ">Speech, presentation, debate </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Writing purposes">Writing purposes</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Description">Description</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2059/simple-scene.html" title="Simple Scene">Simple Scene</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Spoken Interaction">Spoken Interaction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11143/embedded-interview-sample.html" title="Embedded interview sample">Embedded interview sample</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../363/literature.html" title="Literature">Literature</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Texts for Literary Skills">Texts for Literary Skills</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../703/literary-reading-skills.html" title="Literary Reading Skills">Literary Reading Skills</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../361/approaches.html" title="Approaches...">Approaches...</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Thinking">Thinking</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10745/critical-thinking.html" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li></ul></ul></ul></nav> </div> </div> </div> </div><div style="margin-top: 20px;"><style type="text/css">
.studyib-link {
display: inline-block;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 1.2em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 10px;
transition: transform .2s; /* Animation */
}
#left-column .studyib-link {
font-size: 1em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 5px;
transition: transform .2s; /* Animation */
}
#left-column .studyib-advert h2 {
font-size: 1.35em;
}
.studyib-link:hover {
transform: scale(1.2);
}
.studyib-link > img {
width: 2em; height: 2em;
margin: 0;
float: left;
}
.embed-responsive {
position: relative;
display: block;
height: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0;
}
.embed-responsive-16by9 {
padding-bottom: 56.25%;
}
.embed-responsive iframe {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border: 0;
}
.studyib-advert {
padding: 20px;
background: #E7EDF5;
border: solid 1px #EFF;
/* margin-left: 70px; */
}
.studyib-advert .heading {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
align-items: center;
}
.studyib-advert .heading img {
margin-right: 15px;
}
.studyib-advert .heading span {
color: #444
}
.studyib-advert h2,
.studyib-advert h3 {
margin: 0;
}
.studyib-advert .body {
margin-top: 20px;
}
</style>
<div class="studyib-advert">
<div class="heading">
<img src="../../../img/header-thinker-sib.svg" height="50" width="50" class="pull-left" alt="InThinking Revision Sites">
<div>
<h2>INTHINKING REVISION SITES</h2>
<span><em>Own your learning</em></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>Why not also try our independent learning self-study & revision websites for students?</p>
<p>We currenly offer the following DP Sites: Biology, Chemistry, English A Lang & Lit, Maths A&A, Maths A&I, Physics, Spanish B</p>
<p>
<em>"The site is great for revising the basic understandings of each topic quickly.
Especially since you are able to test yourself at the end of each page and easily see where yo need to improve."</em>
</p>
<p><em>"It is life saving... I am passing IB because of this site!"</em></p>
<p>Basic (limited access) subscriptions are FREE. Check them out at:</p>
<div class="text-center">
<h3>
<a href="//studyib.net">www.StudyIB.net</a>
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div><!-- /#left-column-->
<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="sentence-templates" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Sentence templates</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../index.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Language System</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Key Language Issues</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Sentence Structure </span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Sentence templates</span></li></ul>
<div class="row-fluid">
<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<p>It is good to have a sense of the common - and commonly <em>useful</em> - forms that sentences can take.</p><p>This is not to suggest that there are rigid rules or 'correct' forms for sentences, which have to be obeyed ... but rather that there are patterns to the effective organisation of ideas which result in typical sentence structures.</p><p>I would emphasise that this is not primarily about grammar, but rather that grammar, and particularly cohesive devices, clausal structures, relative pronouns, and so on, is at the service of the organisation of ideas in ways which should be clear even if they are complex. We are concerned with efficient semantics rather than the application of correct grammar rules - although the latter is always an essential support to the lucid transmission of meaning.</p><hr class="hidden"><h3><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em>What we <u><strong>don't</strong></u> want</em></span> - The tangled chain sentence</h3><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-9.jpg" style="width: 611px; height: 131px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>What we have here is a string of ideas connected with commas - often called the 'run-on' sentence, because it simply runs on from one thing to another, and another, and another...</p><p>What this lacks is form or structure - and thoughts without form or structure are not impressive or convincing. The whole point of the rest of the diagrams below is that they show basic types of such form and structure ... and note that each structure is useful because it expresses a certain type of fundamental idea.</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h3>From short & clear, to long & full</h3><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-1.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 214px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>The underlying idea here is that you say something simply first, and then expand it with more detail. Here's an example:-</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>Smartphones are about boredom: they stop you being bored by providing you with lots of useless messages through Twitter, by having dozens of different apps to use, and by giving people the chance to interrupt you whenever you're doing something really interesting.</em></p><p>Notice the use of the colon there - think of it as a kind of equals sign ( = ), which leads to the fuller part of the formula. You don't<em> have </em>to use the colon, of course ...</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>Football is globally popular because it is so simple that anyone can understand the basics, it doesn't depend on language, and it appeals to the ancient human need to belong to a tribe.</em></p><p>The link between the small part and the large part here is 'because', which in this case leads on to three different reasons.</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h3>From long & full, to short & clear</h3><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-2.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 245px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>In this structure, you explain all the different ideas you have - and then you pull it all together into a neat summary. This is how it works with the two examples above, re-written ...</p><p style="margin-left:30.0pt;"><em>Smartphones provide you with lots of useless messages through Twitter, with dozens of different apps to use, and give lots of people the chance to interrupt you whenever you're doing something really interesting – in short, they stop you being bored.</em></p><p style="margin-left:30.0pt;"><em>Football is so simple that anyone can understand the basics, it doesn't depend on language, and it appeals to the ancient human need to belong to a tribe – three good reasons why it is globally popular.</em></p><p>Notice the use of the dash here ( - ) ... very often used when the next idea is an evident extension of the logic of what you have written before.</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h3>Strong contrasts, opposing ideas</h3><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-4.jpg" style="width: 550px; height: 170px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>This structure expresses the really important intellectual concept of argument / counter-argument - the idea that you can always see another side to an argument (well, <em>nearly</em> always?). It is effective, therefore, to put the two sides together in a sentence, so that you can see clearly how they are related.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>I think online gaming is fantastic, even if my parents think that it's a total waste of time.</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>For some people, a person's race is the first thing they notice; for others, it's the last thing they care about. </em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>Although many people love bullfighting, there is a strong opinion that it is morally appalling.</em></p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>The article suggests that teenage cliques have negative consequences, but surely such cliques can be very positive?</em></p><p>The trouble with this kind of structure is that it naturally leads to making very black and white statements (as you can see in the diagram!). So, it has to be used cautiously - best to <u><em>start</em></u> the discussion by presenting the opposite sides, but then continue by exploring all the complications in a less extreme and more balanced way.</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h3>The fork, or, alternatives</h3><p>.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-5.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 284px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>This is kind of the reverse of the 'opposites' structure above, but it contains <strong>options</strong> not opposites. This pattern of ideas is very common in any kind of intellectual discussion, when you are speculating about possibilities, such as...</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>The explanation for global warming could be the amount of pollution caused by industry, or it could be due to deforestation which has reduced the amount of carbon monoxide fixed in vegetation - or it could be a combination of the two.</em></p><p>Notice that I have suggested two options in the diagram above, but in fact you could have several options ... although the more you have, the more careful you have to be to structure the sentence clearly so that the reader doesn't get lost.</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h3>The classic 1, 2 and 3</h3><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-8.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 177px;"></p><hr class="hidden"><p>You might not have noticed, but we have seen this classic pattern in the examples above: remember these?...</p><p style="margin-left:30.0pt;"><em>Smartphones provide you with lots of useless messages through Twitter, with dozens of different apps to use, and give lots of people the chance to interrupt you whenever you're doing something really interesting ...</em></p><p style="margin-left:30.0pt;"><em>Football is so simple that anyone can understand the basics, it doesn't depend on language, and it appeals to the ancient human need to belong to a tribe ...</em></p><p>Why three? Perhaps because more than three ideas piled on top of each other becomes difficult to remember, to hold effectively in your mind ... if you were to put forward seven significant ideas in one sentence, most people would have forgotten the beginning of the sentence by the time they had got to the end!</p><p>Unless, of course, you help the reader by putting in a lot more helpful structure - which is the point of the complex sentence structure explained in basic term as 'Hanging details onto the basic idea', below...</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h3>Hanging details onto the basic idea</h3><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-6.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 99px;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/sentences-7.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 226px;"></p><p>This is a pretty simple example, about pretty simple subject matter, but the principle can be extended into very complex explanation, with very sophisticated structures. Like this, for example...</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>When Eli Pariser, the co-founder of Upworthy, coined the term “filter bubble” in 2011, he was talking about how the personalised web – and in particular Google’s personalised search function, which means that no two people’s Google searches are the same – means that we are less likely to be exposed to information that challenges us or broadens our worldview, and less likely to encounter facts that disprove false information that others have shared.</em></p><p>If you look carefully, you will see that the core idea is this ...</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;"><em>...the personalised web ... means that we are less likely to be exposed to information that challenges us...</em></p><p>... and all of the rest provides background detail, or fuller development of the core idea.</p><hr class="hidden"><h3>And...</h3><p>The longest sentence I have ever deliberately analysed ran for two and a half pages, and contained a main clause and 28 subordinate clauses (with a few sub-subordinate clauses thrown in) ... and I promise you that it was actually perfectly clear! Written by Bernard Levin in <em>Enthusiasms</em>, by the way, about whether any of the fabulous meals he had eaten in great restaurants were actually art - the 28 subordinate clauses listed 28 exquisite dishes.</p><hr class="hidden"><script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
</section>
</div>
</article>
</div><!-- /#main-column -->
</div>
</div><!-- /#content -->
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer" class="student-access">
<div class="wmap">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<p>
© <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear())</script> <em>InThinking / IB Documents (2) Team | Version: 31.01.2023 / IB Documents (2) Team | Version: 31.01.2023</em>
|
<a target="_self" href="https://thinkib.net/subscribe/about-us">
About us
</a>
|
<a target="_self" href="https://t.me/ibdocs_2">Telegram</a>
|
<a target="_self" href="mailto:ibdocs2@06082010.xyz">Contact</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<input id="tzoffset" type="hidden" value="28800"><div id="modal-session-expired" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h3 style="margin-top: 0">Your session has expired</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body" style="padding: 10px;">
<p>You will have to reload and log in again.</p>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<a id="session-expired" class="btn btn-danger pull-right" href="#">
<i class="fa fa-refresh"></i> Reload
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Loading scripts at the end of the body means faster page loading -->
<script src="../../../js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
<script src="../../../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script>
<script src="../../../js/sidemenu/sidemenu.min.js?v=202011301145"></script><script src="../../../js/std-access/std-assignments-utils.min.js?v=202211281800"></script><script src="../../../js/std-access/std-comments-utils.min.js?v=202211281800"></script><script src="../../../js/std/std-task-utils.min.js?v=202211151130"></script><script src="../../../js/jq-mark.js/jquery.mark.min.js"></script><!-- MathJax only to render Math ML -->
<!--<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>-->
<script src="../../../ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<style>
.math-tex {
font-size: 1.15em !important;
}
.math-tex span.ML__text {
/*font-family: inherit !important;*/
}
.ML__text + .ML__mathit {
margin-left: 0 !important;
}
.math-tex img, .math-tex + img, span img {
box-shadow: none;
margin: 0;
}
</style>
<script src="../../../mathlive%400.87.1/dist/mathlive.min.js" async="" defer=""></script>
<script>
window.addEventListener('load',
() => MathLive.renderMathInDocument()
);
</script>
<script src="../../../js/header-circle.min.js?v=20220113"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/cookies.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// The cookies alert
if (! readCookie("displayCookieConsent") && ! readCookie("y") ) {
var cookieMSG = "We use cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used.";
setTimeout(function() {
$.ajax({
cache: true,
url: "js/cookiechoices.js",
dataType: "script",
success: function () {
cookieChoices.showCookieConsentBar(cookieMSG, 'close', 'Read more', "englishb/legal#cookies");
}
});
}, 2000);
}
</script><script>var sAJAX='/pages/activity/user-stats-page.php?t=5c0ce087e8a96179&x=4950';var sData='ja lol ey*gasp*+cg92vwOqTg9]4WenM>2UjncoO>co|ncUI>coIp6+I>c2eyooo[/z/On8LN>coOk[|w6IicY/4FS][g[2|TMojTe+iTaLmcgqt/z/OpCqir[UxbeqIn9LIb4qTZ1qx/z/4/S]428/O8=';var loopSecs = 30;var lsKey = '35877ff619551d22f0cad6ad732564f1';</script><script src="../../../js/user/user-stats-page.min.js?v=202102101800"></script><script>var sessionUpdateSecs = 600;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/session-updater.js?v=20200831"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
function padLeft(str,max){return str.length<max?padLeft("0"+str,max):str}function padRight(str,max){return str.length<max?padRight(str+"0",max):str}$("body").on("click",'a[href="#"], a.fancybox-nav, a[data-toggle="tab"], a[data-toggle="dropdown"], a[data-toggle="collapse"], a[data-toggle="modal"]',(function(e){e.preventDefault()}));var topmenuOffset=0,topmenuHeight=0;function fixDiv(t,h){$(window).scrollTop()<topmenuOffset||$("#topmenu ul.level-1").is(":visible")?($("#topmenu").css({position:"",width:""}),$("#topmenu").removeClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css({"padding-top":"0"})):($("#topmenu").css({position:"fixed",top:"0",width:$("#topmenu").width()+"px"}),$("#topmenu").addClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css({"padding-top":topmenuHeight+"px"}))}function fixSearchNav(){var searchMenuTop=topmenuOffset+topmenuHeight,searchMenuH=$("#nav-menu-search").is(":visible")?$("#nav-menu-search").outerHeight():0;if($(window).scrollTop()>searchMenuTop-topmenuHeight){var borderBottomWidth=parseInt($("#topmenu").css("borderBottomWidth"))+1;$("#nav-menu-search").css({position:"fixed",top:topmenuHeight+borderBottomWidth+"px",left:"0",right:"0"}),$("#nav-menu-search").addClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css("padding-top",topmenuHeight+searchMenuH+"px")}else $("#nav-menu-search").css({position:""}),$("#nav-menu-search").removeClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css("padding-top","0")}$("#topmenu").length&&(topmenuOffset=$("#topmenu").offset().top,topmenuHeight=$("#topmenu").outerHeight(),fixDiv(),$(window).scroll((function(){fixDiv(),fixSearchNav()}))),$("a.toggle-menu-search").on("click",(function(e){e.preventDefault(),$("#nav-menu-search").slideToggle("fast",(function(){$(this).find('input[name="s"]').focus()}))}));var menuH=$("#topmenu").height(),itemH=$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").height();function fancyScrollTo(id){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$("#"+id).offset().top-300},300)}function printSectionBlog(){var w=$(window).width()/2,h,windowSettings="height="+($(window).height()-100)+", width="+w+", left=0, top=0, resizable=no, ";windowSettings+="scrollbars=yes, toolbar=no, menubar=no, location=no, ",windowSettings+="directories=no, status=yes";var myWindow=window.open("","Page printer",windowSettings),containerHtml=["<html>","<head>","<title>Page printer</title>",'<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/style.min.css?v=202211152130">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+"/css/style"+SITE_TAG+'.min.css?v=202104061357">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/snippets.min.css?v=202210181500">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/article.min.css?v=202210181500">',"</head>","<body>",$("section#main-content").html().replace(/<span\sclass="MJX_Assistive_MathML".*?<\/span>/g,""),"</body>","</html>"].join("");containerHtml=containerHtml.replace(/src="files\//gi,'src="'+window.location.origin+"/files/"),myWindow.document.write(containerHtml),myWindow.document.close(),myWindow.focus(),setTimeout((function(){$.when(myWindow.print()).then(myWindow.close())}),1e3)}function PopupPrint(target){window.print()}$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").each((function(){if(menuH>itemH&&$(this).position().top<1){var i=itemH+1;$(this).find("ul:first").css("margin-top","-"+i+"px")}})),$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").on("mouseenter mouseleave",(function(e){var submenu=$("ul:first",this),submenuW=submenu.width();$(this).offset().left+submenuW>$(window).width()&&(submenu.css("right","0"),submenu.find("ul").each((function(){if(!$(this).hasClass("fixed")){var l=$(this).width()+submenuW;$(this).css("margin-left","-"+l+"px"),$(this).addClass("fixed")}})))})),$("a.showhider").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var box="#"+$(this).attr("rel"),show='<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>',hide='<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>';$(box).slideToggle("fast"),$(this).html($(this).html()==show?hide:show),$(this).attr("title","Show"==$(this).attr("title")?"Hide":"Show")})),$("a.scroll-to").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var n=$("#"+$(this).data("target")).offset().top-70;$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:n},300)})),$("a.print-section-blog").click((function(e){e.preventDefault(),printSectionBlog()})),$(".print-button").click((function(e){var target;e.preventDefault(),PopupPrint("#"+$(this).data("target-id"))})),$(".alert.alert-success").delay(6e3).hide("fast",fixDiv());var fancyParent=1==$("body").find($("#main-article")).length?"#main-article":"body",fancyOptions={loop:!1,openEffect:"elastic",closeEffect:"elastic",nextEffect:"fade",prevEffect:"fade",parent:fancyParent,helpers:{title:{type:"inside"}}};if($("ul.gallery").each((function(){var rel=$(this).find("li:first-child > a:first-child").attr("rel");$('ul.gallery a.fancy[rel="'+rel+'"]').fancybox(fancyOptions)})),$(".carousel.slide").each((function(){var rel="gallery-"+$(this).data("id");$('.carousel.slide a.fancy[rel="'+rel+'"]').fancybox(fancyOptions)})),$("img.pop").parent("a").each((function(){$(this).attr("title",$(this).children("img").attr("alt"))})),$("img.pop").parent("a").fancybox({loop:!1,helpers:{title:{type:"inside"}}}),!are_cookies_enabled()){var msg='<div class="alert alert-error"><i class="fa fa-warning"></i> Your browser does not accept cookies from this site. Please enable cookies to log in.</div><div class="alert alert-info"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Enabling cookies in <a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/enable-and-disable-cookies-website-preferences">Firefox</a>, <a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/61416?hl=en">Chrome</a>, <a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/block-or-allow-cookies">Explorer</a></div>';$("#modal-login .modal-header").append(msg)}if($(".panel-expandable > .panel-heading").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var panel=$(this).closest(".panel-expandable"),expandables=panel.hasClass("panel-has-footer")?".panel-body, .panel-footer":".panel-body";panel.find(".panel-body").is(":visible")?(panel.find(expandables).slideUp("fast"),panel.find(".expander > .fa-minus").removeClass("fa-minus").addClass("fa-plus")):(panel.find(expandables).slideDown("fast"),panel.find(".expander > .fa-plus").removeClass("fa-plus").addClass("fa-minus"))})),$("#modal-find-out-more").css({width:.8*$("#container").width()+"px","margin-left":-.4*$("#container").width()+"px"}),$(".modal-xxl").length){var modalTopPos=Math.round(.07*$(window).height());$(window).width()>1200&&$(".modal-xxl").css({"max-width":$(window).width()>960?"960px":$(window).width()+"px",width:$(window).width()>960?"960px":$(window).width()+"px","margin-left":$(window).width()>960?"-480px":Math.round($(window).width()/2)}),$(".modal-xxl").css("top",modalTopPos+"px"),$(".modal-xxl").on("shown",(function(){var mHeaderH=$(this).find(".modal-header").outerHeight(),mBody=$(this).find(".modal-body"),mBodyH=mBody.outerHeight(),mFooterH=$(this).find(".modal-footer").outerHeight(),bottomOfTheModal=modalTopPos+mHeaderH+mBodyH+mFooterH;if(bottomOfTheModal<$(window).height())mBodyH+=$(window).height()-bottomOfTheModal-60,mBody.css("max-height",mBodyH+"px");else{$(window).scrollTop(0),modalTopPos=10,$(".modal-xxl").css("top",modalTopPos+"px"),bottomOfTheModal=modalTopPos+mHeaderH+mBodyH+mFooterH,availableScroll=bottomOfTheModal-$(window).height()+modalTopPos;var lastPos=-1;$(window).on("scroll",(function(){var s=$(window).scrollTop()>availableScroll?availableScroll:$(window).scrollTop();newPos=modalTopPos-s,newPos!=lastPos&&($(".modal-xxl").css("top",newPos+"px"),lastPos=newPos)}))}}))}function popupHelp(url,title,w,h){var dualScreenLeft=void 0!==window.screenLeft?window.screenLeft:screen.left,dualScreenTop=void 0!==window.screenTop?window.screenTop:screen.top,width,height,left=(window.innerWidth?window.innerWidth:document.documentElement.clientWidth?document.documentElement.clientWidth:screen.width)/2-w/2+dualScreenLeft,top=(window.innerHeight?window.innerHeight:document.documentElement.clientHeight?document.documentElement.clientHeight:screen.height)/2-h/2+dualScreenTop,newWindow=window.open(url,title,"menubar=no,location=no,resizable=0, width="+w+", height="+h+", top="+top+", left="+left);return window.focus&&(newWindow?newWindow.focus():$('<div class="alert alert-warning" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><p class="help-block">Pop Up blocked. Please allow Pop Ups in your browser settings.</p></div>').insertBefore("body")),newWindow}if($(".open-student-access-help").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var h=$(window).height()-20,w=$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280;popupHelp(helpURL,"Student Access Help",w,h)})),$(".pop-up-help").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var url=$(this).attr("href"),title=$(this).data("title"),h=$(window).height()-20,w;popupHelp(url,title,$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280,h)})),$("section.tib-hiddenbox").length){var count=0;$($("section.tib-hiddenbox").get().reverse()).each((function(){var box=$(this),revealButton;$("<a />").attr("class","btn showhider").attr("rel","hiddenBoxContent"+count).attr("style","margin-bottom: 0;").html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>').insertBefore(box);var newContainer=$("<div />").attr("class","hidden-content").attr("id","hiddenBoxContent"+count).html(box.html());newContainer.hide(),newContainer.insertBefore(box),box.remove(),count++})),$("a.showhider").on("click",(function(e){var container=$("#"+$(this).attr("rel"));container.is(":hidden")?(container.fadeIn("fast"),$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>')):(container.fadeOut("fast"),$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>'))}))}
$('img.ico[src="/img/icons/comments.png"]').each((function(){var t=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title"),$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+t+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')})),$('img.ico[src="../../../img/icons/comments.png"]').each((function(){var t=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title"),$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+t+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')})),$(".tib-popover").popover({html:!0,trigger:"hover",delay:{show:300,hide:300},placement:function(t,e){var o=$(e).position();return o.top>200?"top":o.left<515?"right":o.top<200?"bottom":o.left>515?"left":"top"}}).click((function(t){t.preventDefault()}));var carouselTime=6500;$("div.carousel.slide").carousel({interval:carouselTime}),$(".tib-indicators > img").click((function(){var t=$(this).index(),e;$(this).closest(".carousel.slide").carousel(t)})),setShowResultsListeners($("#container")),addMarksThreads($("#modal-std-write"));
$('a.btn.showhider').click(function(e) {
var showHiderId = $( this ).attr('rel');
if( $('#'+showHiderId).find('iframe').length > 0 ) {
$('#'+showHiderId+' iframe').each(function() {
if ( $(this).attr('src').indexOf('.pdf') > 0 ) {
this.contentWindow.location.reload(true);
}
});
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>