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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="tenses-present-past" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Tenses present & past</h1>
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<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<h3><span style="color:#000080;"><em>Here are the most commonly used tenses which refer to present and past time.</em></span></h3><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">The two present tenses</span></h2><h4><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-1.jpg" style="width: 524px; height: 210px;"></h4><h4><span style="color:#000080;"><em><strong>And what's the difference?</strong></em></span></h4><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><strong>I visit</strong></em></span> (present simple) ... means 'the state of things' - in other words, what IS. This might mean 'at this point in time' (e.g. <em>"I am happy today"</em>), but more generally it means 'permanent facts about things' (e.g. <em>"The world is round"</em>).</p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><strong>I am visiting</strong></em></span> (present continuous, or progressive) ... means 'something happening now' - in other words, action that is going on as we speak (e.g. <em>"She is singing"</em>).</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">** Remind yourself of the difference with this sentence: <span style="color:#008000;"><strong><em>"She sings, but she is not singing right now."</em></strong></span></p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">'have' - past connecting to the present</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-2a.jpg" style="width: 532px; height: 262px;"></p><h4><span style="color:#000080;"><em><strong>And what's the difference? </strong></em></span></h4><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><strong>I have visited </strong></em></span>(present perfect) ... an action that happened in the past, but is closely connected to the present. The idea of 'connected' can be (1) something that has <em><strong>'just' </strong></em>happened (e.g. "<em>I have just seen Maria, five minutes ago"</em>); OR (ii) the notion of<em><strong> 'so far'</strong></em> up to the present - in other words, in unfinished time (<em>e.g. "I have lived in four different countries so far in my life, which is unfinished."</em> )</p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><strong>I have been visiting </strong></em></span>(present perfect, progressive / continuous) ... an action that started in the past but continues into the present (e.g.<em> "I have been working all afternoon, and I've still got more to do - so don't interrupt!"</em>). It can also mean an action that started in the past and continued very close to the present (e.g.<em> "I have been working all afternoon, and I've just finished."</em>).</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">'did' - the past that is definitely past</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-3.jpg" style="width: 462px; height: 216px;"></p><h4><span style="color:#000080;"><em><strong>The commonest past tense</strong></em></span></h4><p><em><strong><span style="color:#FF0000;">I visited</span></strong></em> (past simple) ... an action that is clearly placed in the past, and has no directly-suggested connection with the present (e.g. "<em>I visited Spain last year</em>" - which might be explained more by ".<em>.. and since then / up to now, I have never visited Spain again</em>")</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">'had' - the past before the past</span></h2><p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/tenses-4.jpg" style="width: 650px; height: 224px;"></p><p><span style="color:#000080;"><em><strong><u>Two</u> steps back into the past</strong></em></span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em><strong>I had visited</strong></em></span> (past perfect) ... this tense is normally used in connection with the past simple, in order to describe an action that happened <u>before</u> another one in the past (e.g. "<em>I had visited Spain before I travelled to Italy"</em>).</p><p>So, you can think of the past simple as<span style="color:#008000;"> 'back then'</span>, and the past perfect as <span style="color:#008000;">'the then before then'</span> ... as in the two ovals in the diagram above.</p><hr class="hidden"><hr class="hidden"><div class="pinkBg"><h3>qBank resources</h3><p><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong>have & did</strong></span> ... distinguishing between present perfect and past simple</p><p><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong>Combining tenses</strong></span><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong> </strong></span>... general revision of how tenses can be fitted together to express related time sequences.</p></div><h3><span style="color:#0000CD;">Exercise: 'have' & 'did'</span></h3><div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="599" data-structure="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" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>I ..... (never, live) in London</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b8429a6bddab9d52b291d568d2756ced"><input type="radio"><span> have never lived </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="bc0eed3434ca22261d63c589d452231d"><input type="radio"><span> was never lived </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="eb5a30a00f859b94f5a2d960db04dc8c"><input type="radio"><span> was never living</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="5f7978473daf8e0a84a376aa1e7c491a"><input type="radio"><span> have never been living </span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Teacher notes:</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">The present perfect - 'have' - is required because it is understood that the person's life is not finished, therefore the fact of not living in London is not finished either</span></span></p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>He .... very hard all last week.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1eb11fa40ad86dc718f22de970e27b99"><input type="radio"><span> has worked </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b699dea537f60e81caeb1f62954d41c1"><input type="radio"><span> worked </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="038703c7230ae012e3c783ace1d09d64"><input type="radio"><span> works </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1e61c56bc281fcd13543cf7752973b29"><input type="radio"><span> was work </span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Teacher notes:</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Any time phrase including 'last' is most likely to require the past simple.</span></span></p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>I'm not going to the gym today - I ............. three times this week already, and I'm exhausted!</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="257816757b4adc7e49748c05efd16c5d"><input type="radio"><span> have gone</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="31231aac7d0ed07593950e047d95a76c"><input type="radio"><span> was going </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="34d1f91fb2e514b8576fab1a75a89a6b"><input type="radio"><span> go </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="dd22b70914cd2243e055d2e118741186"><input type="radio"><span> went</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Teacher notes:</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">The phrase "this week" indicates that the week is still unfinished, so the present perfect is required.</span></span></p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>"...... the storm last night?"</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="920c96e86b0ef0da09d309e931a3ad97"><input type="radio"><span> You heard </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d4634b827e38db5f0e4f1edc226a7a0b"><input type="radio"><span> Did you hear </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="2a3202fc7df9f7d51bb84ee23c5fff6f"><input type="radio"><span> You have heard </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="290bc7b7994ef1f262a293e9e535e375"><input type="radio"><span> Have you heard </span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Teacher notes:</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">Notice the correct question form - it is common to hear 'You heard...?' with a questioning intonation, but it is actually incorrect grammar!</span></span></p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>I went to Australia on a holiday with my parents when I was a kid, but I ........... (never, be) back.</p>
</div>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ea605f7764e577915b1d784c2662cced"><input type="radio"><span> have never been </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7ae9206d84bfe1063086e70b6d5943fe"><input type="radio"><span> have never be </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="cc8f9463e249bb60cf02b780930575ca"><input type="radio"><span> never was being</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4c8275dd7703263539b0f77bce3829de"><input type="radio"><span> never was </span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Teacher notes:</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">The person has never returned - but that means 'in my life so far', which is incomplete. Remember that 'I have never been back' could be replaced by 'I have never gone back'.</span></span></p>
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<p> </p>
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<div class="q-question">
<p>My boyfriend and I ............. each other for ages, which is why we get on so well together.</p>
</div>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="af9dc3cd6ce29d560a1e4077694254d9"><input type="radio"><span> know</span></label></p>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="649f27cad0f21d5e2c3b770f9c2baadf"><input type="radio"><span> are knowing </span></label></p>
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</div>
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<p>Teacher notes:</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000CD;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">The use of the present tense in "we get on" indicates that the verb 'know' extends into the present and so the present perfect is required.</span></span></p>
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$('img.ico[src="/img/icons/comments.png"]').each((function(){var t=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title"),$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+t+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')})),$('img.ico[src="../../../img/icons/comments.png"]').each((function(){var t=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title"),$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+t+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')})),$(".tib-popover").popover({html:!0,trigger:"hover",delay:{show:300,hide:300},placement:function(t,e){var o=$(e).position();return o.top>200?"top":o.left<515?"right":o.top<200?"bottom":o.left>515?"left":"top"}}).click((function(t){t.preventDefault()}));var carouselTime=6500;$("div.carousel.slide").carousel({interval:carouselTime}),$(".tib-indicators > img").click((function(){var t=$(this).index(),e;$(this).closest(".carousel.slide").carousel(t)})),setShowResultsListeners($("#container")),addMarksThreads($("#modal-std-write"));
$('a.btn.showhider').click(function(e) {
var showHiderId = $( this ).attr('rel');
if( $('#'+showHiderId).find('iframe').length > 0 ) {
$('#'+showHiderId+' iframe').each(function() {
if ( $(this).attr('src').indexOf('.pdf') > 0 ) {
this.contentWindow.location.reload(true);
}
});
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>