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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="ideas-nouns-verbs" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Ideas, nouns & verbs</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../index.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Language System</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Language of Instruction</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Ideas, nouns & verbs</span></li></ul>
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<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<p>The focus of this page is the language that expresses the basic process of the rational and methodical exploration of ideas. This is a key element of what we may call Transferable Academic Language - vocabulary and phrasing which is used as standard in the study of most if not all academic subjects.</p>
<p>Students may well understand these terms when they read them, as passive vocabulary. However it is very likely that they do not actually use them as part of their active vocabulary - and if they do, they may not use them either accurately or precisely. And finally, I suggest that in studying this range of vocabulary we may help students to understand more fully the <em><strong>procedure</strong></em> of rational and methodical study of complex ideas. </p>
<p>The page is designed to be used as follows :-</p>
<p><strong>Step 1 </strong>- present the language by projecting the materials, using the 'full screen' button ... discuss the various words, clarify their exact meaning and contrast their different nuances ...</p>
<p><strong>Step 2</strong> - use the <em><strong>qBank</strong></em> system to drill and exercise the language, in order to encourage students to learn the items properly.</p>
<div class="pinkBg">
<h3>qBank resources</h3>
<p><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong>Vocabulary of methodical thought</strong></span> ... words and phrases used to identify major types of ideas ... both as nouns and as verbs, expressing thinking processes</p>
<p><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong>Thinking verbs vocabulary</strong></span> ... verbs used to describe intellectual functions or tasks</p>
<p><span style="color:#B22222;"><strong>Framing & certainty</strong></span> ... use of words and phrases to frame and modify the strength and certainty of statements</p>
</div>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/ideas-nouns---verbs-graphic.jpg" style="width: 810px; height: 339px;"></p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<h3>Expanding vocabulary</h3>
<p>These fundamental terms in academic discussion are, of course, simply the centre of a cloud of words which can also be used to express related, over-lapping, but slightly different ideas.</p>
<p>Under each heading, a sample passage is supplied, with cloze gaps to be filled by click-and-drag - discuss with your students which of the listed words best fits into each gap, and why.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Getting information</span></h2>
<p><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/ideas-observe.jpg" style="width: 120px; height: 140px;"></p>
<p>.</p>
<p><span style="color:#4B0082;"><strong><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">look (for) ... study ... explore ... investigate ... examine ... discover ... search (for) ... research ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#4B0082;"><strong><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">.... observation .... exploration ... investigation ... examination ... discovery ... </span></strong></span></p>
<p>.</p>
<p><em><strong>.</strong></em></p>
<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="192" data-structure="6d637a4a51615a4c42544931526d787a324e6c68322f35742b50536177594e6344793563747a46453179363535746d3070486550414a6e3053634d47573030466d6449664d6b6d5758435935365a4154464c7a7a7743314c6d33564f4a386f372f4d4e516e55655a4d786b303868684273345272325a32426b367952506a6678736d2b326a4859623944327a3139393638447a384a773d3d" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Choose the most appropriate word to fit each of the gaps, and drag it into the gap. </em></p>
<p><em>In some cases, two options might fit appropriately into a gap - discuss which you think may be the best.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">look (for)</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> study</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">explore</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">investigate</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> examine </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> discover </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">search for</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">research</span> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>It is important to <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the whole field of aviation safety, since there is much to learn from different sorts of accident. Experts will <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the causes of the crash of the Airbus, since it is vital to find out exactly what happened. The experts will have to <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the wreckage in very precise detail.</p>
<p>They have found one of the black boxes, but must still <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the other. When they <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> it, they will have all the evidence.</p>
<p>Aviation scientists believe that we should <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> in more depth the specific problems which lead to what is called 'human error'.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Teacher notes (optional)</p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="totals"><span class="score">Total Score: </span><button class="btn btn-success check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Organising information</span></h2>
<p><strong><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/ideas-organise.jpg" style="width: 136px; height: 140px;"><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">... description ... definition ... analysis ... explanation ... </span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">... concentrate on ... focus on ... </span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">.</span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">... involved (in / with) ... linked to ... related to ... dependent on .</span>.. </span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#4B0082;">.</span></p>
<p><em><strong>.</strong></em></p>
<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="193" data-structure="6d637a4a51615a4c42544931526d787a324e6c683230433447453746664e7358794a75347030634333734d784f6d2f554e74765859316530327a35704f703552533564526a796e65666266763075386635423064584169377153703869594266325868647447664e727a4b6965765161335730564f31774c724347486378364a325536655851756374594a6e34342b326163454e316f797265534239456335326246784a4751543431756b3d" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Choose the most appropriate word to fit each of the gaps, and drag it into the gap.</em></p>
<p><em>In some cases, two options might fit appropriately into a gap - discuss which you think may be the best.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">related to</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">definition</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">focus on</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> analysis</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">explanation</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">description</span> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>If we want to give a <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> of the traditions of a particular culture, we probably need to start with a <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> of what we mean by ‘tradition’ in the first place. This would help us to know what sorts of social activity we should <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> . Once we had carried out an <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> of social activities <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> such ‘traditions’, we would be in a position to provide an <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> for why those traditions were considered important. </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="totals"><span class="score">Total Score: </span><button class="btn btn-success check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Debating explanations</span></h2>
<p><strong><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/ideas-debate.jpg" style="width: 120px; height: 160px;"><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">... argument ... discussion ... interpretation ... assessment ...</span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">... relate (to) ... relationship (with) </span></span></strong></p>
<p><u><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>Comparing & contrasting</strong></span></u></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">... compare (X with Y) ... contrast </span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;">(X with Y)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:#4B0082;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;"> ... as compared with ... as opposed to ... in contrast to ... </span></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(75, 0, 130);">.... comparison (with) ... contrast (with) ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p>.</p>
<p><em><strong>.</strong></em></p>
<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="194" data-structure="6d637a4a51615a4c42544931526d787a324e6c683230433447453746664e7358794a75347030634333734f304e644f3473444d2b56524a426a5174674f4c326e4766786564624b653454354b726744437655597264486c587a725637716568514677324b2f7673386e392f557a4c757a436a44595671476d77434c487149457974334a52666657362f72632b305035487a4332324a4378584b616b31636c7364693671726d566a52767858442b6d4475375073504d563834354c71714266665a" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Choose the most appropriate word to fit each of the gaps, and drag it into the gap.</em></p>
<p><em>In some cases, two options might fit appropriately into a gap - discuss which you think may be the best.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">relationship with</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">interpretation</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">as compared with</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> discussion</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> as opposed to</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> assessment</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">argument</span> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>There has been much <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> recently about whether we live in a more or less peaceful world, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> a hundred years ago. The answer must depend on one’s <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> of ‘peaceful’ – we may think that there is more warfare and strife around, but that <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> may have a direct <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the fact that communications in general, and the news media in particular, are so much more efficient and vivid, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> the relatively limited facilities of one hundred years ago.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="totals"><span class="score">Total Score: </span><button class="btn btn-success check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Agreeing explanations</span></h2>
<p><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/ideas-agree.jpg" style="width: 116px; height: 160px;"><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;"><span style="color:#4B0082;"><strong>... prove ... show ... demonstrate ... convince ... </strong></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family:comic sans ms,cursive;"><span style="color:#4B0082;">... agree ... accept ... reject ... recognise ... conclude ... </span></span></strong></p>
<p><u><strong><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Modifying agreement</span></strong></u></p>
<p><span style="color:#800080;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">... on the whole ... on balance ... in general ... in the end ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#800080;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">... basically ... fundamentally ... essentially ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p>.</p>
<p><em><strong>.</strong></em></p>
<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="195" data-structure="6d637a4a51615a4c42544931526d787a324e6c683232645846387343572b666d334d437a432f307437385a7a5941486531784f434359435441637941336c4c647846764163324a2f70445375476a596a37424b7041702f44363439766562614a656c68757932684a702b334f466b344a526c4362686f784777655167785233485678466368414d764466714c32505a314b334237415431306964666f765a654f316c637741327932624642386c4d332b64574563734c316271314a5234435643" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Choose the most appropriate word to fit each of the gaps, and drag it into the gap.</em></p>
<p><em>In some cases, two options might fit appropriately into a gap - discuss which you think may be the best.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">reject</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> prove</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> in general </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">convince</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> fundamentally</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> accept</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">in the end</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">demonstrate</span> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>It is important that we all <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> that intercultural understanding will be vital in the world of the 21<sup>st</sup> Century. It is hard to <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> this argument in purely logical terms, and so it may be difficult to <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> those who do not agree. However, we only have to refer to current social unrest in many societies in order to <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> that, <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> , such unrest is <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> caused by people who <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> individuals and cultures that they don’t understand – <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> , discrimination and prejudice are caused by ignorance.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p> </p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="totals"><span class="score">Total Score: </span><button class="btn btn-success check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<h2><span style="color:#0000CD;">Extending conclusions</span></h2>
<p><img alt="" class="left" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/ideas-extend.jpg" style="width: 128px; height: 160px;"><span style="color:#800080;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">... guess ... imagine ... estimate ... expect ... assume ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#800080;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">... predict ... forecast ... project ... presume ... </span></strong></span></p>
<p><u><strong>We can make...</strong></u></p>
<p><span style="color:#800080;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">... assumptions ... predictions ... forecasts ... estimates ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#800080;"><strong><span style="font-family: comic sans ms,cursive;">... projections ... simulations ... models ...</span></strong></span></p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<div class="tib-quiz" data-quiz-id="196" data-structure="6d637a4a51615a4c42544931526d787a324e6c6832326b6d39633070705368476a577742334f55677a386c764561656e7a2f32333437624b3070574b6e62526e465648684169432f336a326f79372b517370357864702b704442376c48727245765946537231452b4147583670445036454d714955656e2f47397037747759436a4b7435494830527a6e5a7358456b5a42506a5736513d3d" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p><em>Choose the most appropriate word to fit each of the gaps, and drag it into the gap.</em></p>
<p><em>In some cases, two options might fit appropriately into a gap - discuss which you think may be the best.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">assumptions</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> forecast</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> projections</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> predict </span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">estimate</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> simulations</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> presume</span> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p>I would <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> that the next technological revolution will be an ‘energynet’ similar to the internet. Current <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> of the supply of fossil fuels <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> that the more scarce such fuels become, the more expensive they will be. Scientists have made <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> based on recent developments in new electricity storage systems, and these <input type="text" style="height: auto;"> <span class="review"></span> that there will be a much greater market in the supply of easily accessible electricity.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="totals"><span class="score">Total Score: </span><button class="btn btn-success check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr>
<p>.</p>
<div class="blueBg">
<h3><strong>LINKS</strong></h3>
<p>See also ...</p>
<p>> <a href="../1278/varieties-levels.html" title="Language System » Language of Instruction » Varieties & levels">Varieties & levels</a> ... provides, for your own reference, a wider range of alternative vocabulary</p>
<p>> <a href="../16192/teaching-thinking-verbs.html" title="Language System » Language of Instruction » Ideas, nouns & verbs » Teaching thinking verbs">Teaching thinking verbs</a> ... presents this vocabulary, and more, with handouts for off-screen practice and revision</p>
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