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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="chinglish-demystified" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Chinglish demystified</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../index.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Language System</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Key Language Issues</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">L1 interference</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Chinglish demystified</span></li></ul>
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<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<p><strong><img alt="" class="left noborder" src="../../../ib/englishb/images/Guest%20Page%20icon.jpg" style="width: 140px; height: 125px;"></strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Nannan Mu is an English B/Mandarin ab Teacher, TOK Workshop Leader, and a life-long learner of English and Japanese.</strong></p>
<p>.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>In my career as an English teacher, I have often been approached by my colleagues (English native speakers) for help to understand their students’ writings in their classes – English, economics, history, sometimes even sciences! The writings my colleagues find confusing are written in Chinglish, translated from Chinese word by word.</p>
<p>Below are ten typical cases of Chinglish, along with some explanations or tips for Chinese English learners. Please note this list does not intend to be exhaustive. And some examples are exaggerated.</p>
<h3>The Top Ten</h3>
<p>Click on items in the following list to jump to the explanation.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong># 1. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="obscure">Obscure Order</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#2. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="tricky">Tricky Tenses</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#3. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="vexing">Vexing “V</a></strong><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="vexing"><strong>erbs + to do/doing”</strong></a></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#4. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="mysterious">Mysterious Subjunctive Mood and Model Words</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#5. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="problematic">Problematic Passive Voice</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#6. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="ambiguous">Ambiguous Articles</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#7. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="paradoxical">Paradoxical Plurals (countable or uncountable nouns)</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#8. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="perplexing">Perplexing Prepositions</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#9. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="puzzling">Puzzling Pronouns</a></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong>#10. <a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="abstruse">Abstruse adjectives and adverbs</a></strong></p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong># 1. Obscure Order<a class="anchor" id="obscure" name="obscure"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I go to bed before take the medicine.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I take the medicine before I go to bed.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>The government should provide poor area children with more education opportunity.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The government should provide children from poor areas with more education opportunity.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I very happy. Because he very like me.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I am very happy. Because he likes me very much.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Read the lecture notes after class is a good habit.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>Reading the lecture notes after class is a good habit.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I and my friend Mike share an apartment when we live in China Shanghai.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>My friend Mike and I share an apartment when we live in Shanghai, China.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>He not kiss you, is or isn’t? Yes, he didn’t.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>He didn’t kiss you, did he? No, he didn’t.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>It’s fair to say that Chinese syntax and grammar are completely different from those of English. Literal translation from one language to another will cause problems or even amusing errors, such as a road sign “Carefully Slip Down”. Learners of English are advised to:</p>
<p>1. Understand how the sentences are formed in English:</p>
<p align="center"><strong><em>Subject + Predicate Verb + Object + Adverbial Phrases.</em></strong></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;">1) Subject is closely followed by the predicate verb in English. Time or location phrases should not be inserted in between.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;">2) There must be a Subject in a sentence. And there is only one predicate verb in one sentence.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;">3) “Be” cannot be omitted if it is the only predicate verb in a sentence.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;">4) Only nouns (or noun phrases) and pronouns can be the Subject of a sentence. Verbs cannot.</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;">5) Be aware of the S-V agreement rule in English.</p>
<p>2. Use clauses or “it-be” sentence structures, especially with long sentences.</p>
<p>3. For addresses, it should be from the small to the big in English, not vice versa in Chinese.</p>
<p>4. In English other people are put in front of “I” or “me”.</p>
<p>5. Learn the differences in sentence orders between the two languages. Think in English when writing in English.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#2. Tricky Tenses<a class="anchor" id="tricky" name="tricky"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I next year go to university.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I will go to the university next year.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Yesterday I meet a friend. We not see each other for ten years.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for ten years.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>The teacher explained that light travelled faster than sound.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The teacher explained that light travels faster than sound</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Since I five years old, I always in this school study.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I have been studying in this school ever since I was five years old.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>By this month end he already teach English twenty years.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>By the end of this month he will have been teaching English for twenty years</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Chinese blends tenses. Adverbial words or phrases are used instead of tenses if there’s a need to indicate or stress on the time of an action. Learners of English should be more aware of the usage of tenses.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#3. Vexing “V</strong><strong>erbs + </strong><strong>to do</strong><strong>/</strong><strong>do</strong><strong>ing</strong><strong>”<a class="anchor" id="vexing" name="vexing"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>He refused do my homework for me.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>He refused to do my homework for me.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I enjoyed read the novel.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I enjoyed reading the novel.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>We should stop check if we’re on the right direction.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>We should stop to check if we’re on the right direction.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>The students stopped talk when the teacher came in.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Verbs can be put one after another directly in Chinese. English learners must memorise the lists of verbs followed by “to do”, “doing” or either!</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#4. Mysterious Subjunctive Mood and Modal Words<a class="anchor" id="mysterious" name="mysterious"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>If I am a bird, I will fly across the ocean to meet you.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>If I were a bird, I would fly across the ocean to meet you.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>If you study more carefully, you won’t get such a low grade.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>If you’d studied more carefully, you wouldn’t have got such a low grade.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The subjunctive mood is used in English to indicate a hypothetical situation, a wish, or a circumstance contrary to fact. In Chinese, one single word “if” is enough to express the hypothesis or a circumstance contrary to fact.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#5. Problematic Passive Voice<a class="anchor" id="problematic" name="problematic"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>The Olympics held in 2008 in Beijing.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The Olympics was held in 2008 in Beijing.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Other scientists may argue …</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>It may be argued by other scientists that …</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Passive voice is also used in Chinese (though less commonly) when we do not know the agent of an action or when we want to stress on the agent of an action. However, unlike in English, there’s no clear structure of “be done” in Chinese passive voice.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#6. Ambiguous Articles<a class="anchor" id="ambiguous" name="ambiguous"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I like play football. My brother like play piano, but he hasn’t his own piano.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I like playing football. My brother likes playing the piano, but he hasn’t got a piano of his own.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Student learn how to use internet more quickly than teacher.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>Students learn how to use the internet more quickly than teachers.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Articles do not exist in Chinese. Nor does Chinese grammar distinguish between definite and indefinite articles. English learners have to painstakingly study the rules on the use of articles.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#7. Paradoxical Plurals (countable or uncountable nouns)<a class="anchor" id="paradoxical" name="paradoxical"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>The data on your lab report is wrong.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The data on your lab report are wrong.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>He is one of my best student.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>He is one of my best students.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>My father and my mother is all teacher.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>My father and my mother are both teachers.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>My husband has flu. I have headache.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>My husband has flu. I have a headache.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>We will never know truth.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>We will never know the truth.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Nouns in Chinese are not categorised into countable and uncountable nouns. Chinese may easily understand abstract nouns such as “truth”, “happiness” or “freedom” as uncountable nouns because they cannot be counted in Chinese either. But it may be more challenging to consider “rice” or “hair” as uncountable nouns, because we do count them in Chinese (with the help of measure words of course) --- “two grains of rice”, “three specks of white hair” etc.</p>
<p>Irregular changes for the plural only make Chinese learners even more bewildered. Why “photos” and “potatoes”? Why “three girl students” but “five women teachers”? What will be the plural form for “mouse pad” in English then?</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#8. Perplexing Prepositions<a class="anchor" id="perplexing" name="perplexing"> </a> </strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Where is the book at? It’s at the table under.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>Where is the book? It’s under the table.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Sunday the last bus eight o'clock leaves. It's about eight<span style="color:#FF0000;"> </span>now, hurry!</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The last bus leaves at eight o'clock on Sunday. It's almost eight now, hurry!</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>You mustn’t use pencil but ink fill on the form.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>You mustn’t fill in the form with pencil but in ink.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>Don’t play fire with your friends.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>Don’t play with fire with your friends.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Small words such as prepositions make big changes in English sentences, but not quite so in Chinese. “A book by him” or “a book about him” means totally different in English. In Chinese, the first phrase will be translated into “a book written by him”. “Written” will not be omitted, so it won’t be confused with “a book about him”.</p>
<p>In Chinese “<em>zai </em>+ position word” is used to express positions. “<em>Zai</em>” might be literally translated into English as “at”.</p>
<p>If to express time such as “at 8pm”, “on Sunday”, or “in March” in Chinese, “<em>zai</em>” is often omitted and no preposition is used at all.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#9. Puzzling Pronouns<a class="anchor" id="puzzling" name="puzzling"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>She agree stay. I agree she.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>She agrees to stay. I agree with her.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>His book is different from my.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>His book is different from mine.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> “He”, “she” and “it” have the same pronunciation “ta” in Chinese, but there’s no difference between “he/him” or “I/me”.</p>
<p>In Chinese “<em>de</em>” is added behind nouns or pronouns to form possessives. There’s no equivalent of “mine” or “ours” in Chinese.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p><strong>#10. Abstruse adjectives and adverbs<a class="anchor" id="abstruse" name="abstruse"> </a></strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>Chinglish</strong></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:44px;">
<p align="center"><span style="color:#FF0000;"><strong>English</strong></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>The sick child is called Tom. He feel not good.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>The sick child is called Tom. He does not feel well.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>He is a happy boy. He sang happy while taking a bath.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>He is a happy boy. He sang happily while taking a bath.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:279px;height:15px;">
<p>I interest in the book you read. It seems to be interest book.</p>
</td>
<td style="width:277px;height:15px;">
<p>I’m interested in the book you read. It seems to be an interesting book.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Chinese does not quite distinguish adjectives and adverbs as English does. The same words can be used as both adjectives and adverbs in Chinese. English learners may also find it confusing that words ending in "-ly" are not always adverbs, for example "friendly" or "lovely".</p>
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Please allow Pop Ups in your browser settings.</p></div>').insertBefore("body")),newWindow}if($(".open-student-access-help").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var h=$(window).height()-20,w=$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280;popupHelp(helpURL,"Student Access Help",w,h)})),$(".pop-up-help").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var url=$(this).attr("href"),title=$(this).data("title"),h=$(window).height()-20,w;popupHelp(url,title,$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280,h)})),$("section.tib-hiddenbox").length){var count=0;$($("section.tib-hiddenbox").get().reverse()).each((function(){var box=$(this),revealButton;$("<a />").attr("class","btn showhider").attr("rel","hiddenBoxContent"+count).attr("style","margin-bottom: 0;").html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>').insertBefore(box);var newContainer=$("<div />").attr("class","hidden-content").attr("id","hiddenBoxContent"+count).html(box.html());newContainer.hide(),newContainer.insertBefore(box),box.remove(),count++})),$("a.showhider").on("click",(function(e){var container=$("#"+$(this).attr("rel"));container.is(":hidden")?(container.fadeIn("fast"),$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>')):(container.fadeOut("fast"),$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>'))}))}
$('img.ico[src="/img/icons/comments.png"]').each((function(){var t=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title"),$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+t+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')})),$('img.ico[src="../../../img/icons/comments.png"]').each((function(){var t=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title"),$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+t+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')})),$(".tib-popover").popover({html:!0,trigger:"hover",delay:{show:300,hide:300},placement:function(t,e){var o=$(e).position();return o.top>200?"top":o.left<515?"right":o.top<200?"bottom":o.left>515?"left":"top"}}).click((function(t){t.preventDefault()}));var carouselTime=6500;$("div.carousel.slide").carousel({interval:carouselTime}),$(".tib-indicators > img").click((function(){var t=$(this).index(),e;$(this).closest(".carousel.slide").carousel(t)})),setShowResultsListeners($("#container")),addMarksThreads($("#modal-std-write"));
$('a.btn.showhider').click(function(e) {
var showHiderId = $( this ).attr('rel');
if( $('#'+showHiderId).find('iframe').length > 0 ) {
$('#'+showHiderId+' iframe').each(function() {
if ( $(this).attr('src').indexOf('.pdf') > 0 ) {
this.contentWindow.location.reload(true);
}
});
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>