File "last-updates-6.html"

Path: /ThinkIB/chem/chemistry/last-updates-6html
File size: 81.38 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8

 
Open Back
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
	    <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
    <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
        new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
        j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
        'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
        })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K5VSFSN');
    </script>
    <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
	<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=Edge"/>
	<title>DP Chemistry: Last Updates</title>
	<meta charset="utf-8" />
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
	<meta name="robots" content="index, follow"><meta name="googlebot" content="noarchive">
	<base href="https://www.thinkib.net" /><meta name="description" content="Check the DP Chemistry last updates." /><meta name="keywords" content="DP Chemistry, updates, pages list, site pages, IBDP, thinkib, inthinking" />
	<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" />
  <link href="css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
	<link href="/css/top-nav.min.css?v=202211301945" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" />
	<link href="/css/style.min.css?v=202212191040" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" />
	<link href="/css/style-ib.min.css?v=202211282000" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" />
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css">
	<link href="js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
	<script src="/js/localdates.min.js?v=202009290900"></script><script src="/js/ifvisible.min.js"></script><script>ifvisible.setIdleDuration(300);</script><script>var tibSitename = "chemistry";</script>
    <script>
        const SITE_TAG = "ib"
        const SITE_WEB = "ThinkIB.net"
        const SITE_DOMAIN = "www.thinkib.net"
        const SITE_URI = "https://thinkib.net"
        const SITE_CLIENT_CODE = "TIB000001"
        let imageThinker = "../../../img/header-thinker-ib.svg";
        let imageStudent = "img/header-student-thinkib.svg";
    </script>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128" /><meta name="application-name" content="&nbsp;"/><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/mstile-144x144.png" /><meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/mstile-70x70.png" /><meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/mstile-150x150.png" /><meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/mstile-310x150.png" /><meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://www.thinkib.net/img/favicon/thinkib/mstile-310x310.png" />
</head>

<body onunload="" class="">
	    <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
    <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K5VSFSN"
    height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
    <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
    <div id="header">
    <div class="wmap">
        <div class="layout-wrapper">
            <div class="container-fluid">
                <div class="pull-right visible-phone">
                    <a href="https://www.inthinking.net">
                        <img class="header-logo" src="/img/header-logo.svg" style="height: 45px; width: auto;" />
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div class="visible-phone" style="clear:both;"></div>

                <div class="pull-left">
                	<h1><a href="/chemistry"><span style="">IBDP Chemistry brought to you by the IB Docs (2) Team</span></a></h1>
                	<p class="slogan hidden-phone"><span class="slogan"><em>InThinking</em> Subject Sites for teachers &amp; their classes</span></p>
                    <p class="hidden-phone">Website by <strong>Geoffrey Neuss</strong></p>
                    <p class="hidden-phone">Updated 2 JIB Docs (2) Teamary 2023</p>
                </div>
                <div class="visible-phone" style="clear:both;"></div>

                <div class="pull-right text-right header-right">
                    <a class="hidden-phone" href="https://www.inthinking.net">
                        <img class="header-logo" src="/img/header-logo.svg" style="height: 70px; width: auto;" />
                    </a>
                    <div class="search">
                        <a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search" data-toggle="dropdown">
                            <i class="fa fa-2x fa-search"></i>
                        </a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>


	<div id="topmenu">
		<div class="layout-wrapper">
			<div>
				<nav class="top-nav"><ul class="level-0"><li class=""><a href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a><ul><li class=""><a href="/subscribe"><i class="fa fa-globe fixwidth"></i> Subscribe today</a></li><li class=""><a href="chemistry/sitemap"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fixwidth"></i> Sitemap</a></li><li class=""><a href="chemistry/last-updates"><i class="fa fa-file-text-o fixwidth"></i> Latest updates</a></li><li class=""><a href="chemistry/teaching-materials"><i class="fa fa-puzzle-piece fixwidth"></i> Teaching materials</a></li><li class=""><a href="chemistry/blog"><i class="fa fa-paperclip fixwidth"></i> Blog</a></li><li class=""><a href="chemistry/twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fixwidth"></i> Tweets</a></li><li><a><i class="fa fa-external-link fixwidth"></i> <em>InThinking</em> sites</a><ul><li><a class="text-right" href="https://thinkib.net"><span class="pull-left"> All subjects</span> <em style="opacity: .8;">www.thinkib.net</em></a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/biology" target="_blank">IBDP Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/businessmanagement" target="_blank">IBDP Business Management</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/economics" target="_blank">IBDP Economics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/englishalit" target="_blank">IBDP English A Literature</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/englishalanglit" target="_blank">IBDP English A: Language &amp; Literature</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/englishb" target="_blank">IBDP English B</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/ess" target="_blank">IBDP Environmental Systems &amp; Societies</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/frenchb" target="_blank">IBDP French B</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/geography" target="_blank">IBDP Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/german" target="_blank">IBDP German A: Language &amp; Literature</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/history" target="_blank">IBDP History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/mathanalysis" target="_blank">IBDP Maths: Analysis &amp; Approaches</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/mathapplications" target="_blank">IBDP Maths: Applications &amp; Interpretation</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/physics" target="_blank">IBDP Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/psychology" target="_blank">IBDP Psychology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/leadership" target="_blank">IB School Leadership</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/spanisha" target="_blank">IBDP Spanish A</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/spanish-abinitio" target="_blank">IBDP Spanish Ab Initio</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/spanishb" target="_blank">IBDP Spanish B</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/teachmaths" target="_blank">teachMathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/visualarts" target="_blank">IBDP Visual Arts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/myp-englishalanglit" target="_blank">IBMYP English Language &amp; Literature</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/myp-resources" target="_blank">IBMYP Resources</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/myp-spanishb" target="_blank">IBMYP Spanish Language Acquisition</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/ibcp" target="_blank">IB Career-related Programme</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thinkigcse.net" target="_blank"><strong>ThinkIGCSE</strong> - <em>Subject sites for IGCSE teachers</em></a></li></ul></li></ul><li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16256/start-here" >Start here</a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/36257/how-to-navigate-the-site" >How to navigate the site</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/24826/using-student-access-" class="father">Using student access </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27330/creating-student-accounts-" >Creating student accounts  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/32806/short-cut-to-give-students-access-to-a-page" >Short cut to give students access to a page</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27328/setting-assignments" >Setting assignments</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27351/managing-student-accounts-mark-book" >Managing student accounts & mark book</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27362/using-qbank" >Using qBank</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16257/for-teachers-new-to-ib-chemistry" class="father">For teachers new to IB Chemistry</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16258/dart-board-chemistry" >&#039;Dart board&#039; chemistry</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16274/essential-resources" >Essential resources</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16276/syllabus" >Syllabus</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16278/possible-teaching-schedule" >Possible teaching schedule</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/46318/teaching-learning-resources" >Teaching, learning & resources</a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17394/approaches-to-teaching" class="father">Approaches to teaching</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17395/teaching-styles-" >Teaching styles </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17396/teaching-skills-" >Teaching skills </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17398/workshops-" >Workshops </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17397/teacher-recommendations-" >Teacher recommendations </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27280/approaches-to-learning" class="father">Approaches to learning</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27208/thinking-skills" >Thinking skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27216/reflection" >Reflection</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27209/communication-skills" >Communication skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27211/social-skills" >Social skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27232/self-management" >Self-management</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27312/research" >Research</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17120/resources" class="father">Resources</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17119/ib-specific-books" >IB specific books</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17121/general-text-books" >General text books</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17131/post-ib-text-books" >Post IB text books</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17132/journals" >Journals</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17133/newspaper-articles" >Newspaper articles</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17124/demonstrations" >Demonstrations</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17139/chemistry-videos" >Chemistry videos</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17140/web-links" >Web links</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17138/chemistry-apps" >Chemistry apps</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17348/novel-uses-for-the-ib-data-booklet-" >Novel uses for the IB data booklet </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17392/books-for-enjoyment-" >Books for enjoyment </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27313/unit-plans" >Unit plans</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/22523/critical-thinking" >Critical thinking</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18044/do-you-speak-ib" class="father">Do you speak IB?</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17382/changes-to-terminology" >Changes to terminology</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/32761/school-closures-and-distance-learning" >School closures and distance learning</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16347/core-ahl" >Core & AHL</a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16344/syllabus" >Syllabus</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16329/teaching-each-topic-sub-topic" class="father">Teaching each topic & sub-topic</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16328/topic-1" >Topic 1</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16907/topics-2-12-" >Topics 2 & 12 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17021/topics-3-13" >Topics 3 & 13</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17114/topics-4-14" >Topics 4 & 14</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17669/topics-5-15-" >Topics 5 & 15 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17848/topics-6-16" >Topics 6 & 16</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18038/topics-7-17-" >Topics 7 & 17 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18120/topics-8-18-" >Topics 8 & 18 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18350/topics-9-19" >Topics 9 & 19</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18475/topics-10-20-" >Topics 10 & 20 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17285/topics-11-21-" >Topics 11 & 21 </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16441/the-nature-of-science" class="father">The Nature of Science</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16450/key-terms-concepts" >Key terms & concepts</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/34566/nos-critical-thinking" >NOS & Critical Thinking</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/32100/how-the-elements-were-named" >How the elements were named</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/36753/the-culture-of-chemistry" >The Culture of Chemistry</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17333/nature-of-science-questions" >Nature of Science questions</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16413/incorporating-im-tok-utilization-etc" class="father">Incorporating IM, TOK, &#039;Utilization&#039; etc.</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16414/topic-1" >Topic 1</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16916/topics-2-12" >Topics 2 & 12</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17023/topics-3-13-" >Topics 3 & 13  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17055/topics-4-14-" >Topics 4 & 14 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17270/topics-5-15-" >Topics 5 & 15  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17854/topics-6-16-" >Topics 6 & 16 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18041/topics-7-17-" >Topics 7 & 17 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18099/topics-8-18" >Topics 8 & 18</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18349/topics-9-19-" >Topics 9 & 19 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18420/topics-10-20" >Topics 10 & 20</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17269/topics-11-21-" >Topics 11 & 21 </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17866/utilization-relationships-between-topics-" class="father">&#039;Utilization&#039; - Relationships between topics </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17867/relating-topics-4-14-to-all-the-other-topics" >Relating Topics 4 & 14 to all the other topics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17868/example-of-connections" >Example of connections</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/34404/hydroxychloroquine-ib-chemistry" >Hydroxychloroquine & IB Chemistry</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/35418/ammonium-nitrate-ib-chemistry" >Ammonium nitrate & IB Chemistry</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16685/multiple-choice-tests-for-each-topic" class="father">Multiple choice tests for each topic</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16687/sl-questions-by-topic" >SL Questions by topic</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16688/hl-questions-by-topic" >HL Questions by topic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19044/options-" >Options </a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19503/option-a-" class="father">Option A  </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19504/introduction-to-materials-science-" >Introduction to materials science </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19519/metals-and-icp-spectroscopy" >Metals and ICP spectroscopy</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19541/catalysts-" >Catalysts </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19580/liquid-crystals" >Liquid crystals</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19665/polymers-" >Polymers  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19672/nanotechnology" >Nanotechnology</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19843/environmental-impact-plastics" >Environmental impact - plastics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19858/superconducting-metals-x-ray-crystallography-" >Superconducting metals & X-ray crystallography </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19666/condensation-polymers" >Condensation polymers</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19916/environmental-impact-heavy-metals" >Environmental impact - heavy metals</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19284/option-b-" class="father">Option B </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19290/introduction-to-biochemistry-" >Introduction to biochemistry  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19287/proteins-enzymes-" >Proteins & enzymes </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19291/lipids" >Lipids</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19299/carbohydrates-" >Carbohydrates </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19305/vitamins-" >Vitamins   </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19313/biochemistry-the-environment-" >Biochemistry & the environment </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19336/proteins-enzymes-ahl-" >Proteins & enzymes (AHL)   </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19347/nucleic-acids-" >Nucleic acids   </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19361/biological-pigments-" >Biological pigments   </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19366/stereochemistry-in-biomolecules" >Stereochemistry in biomolecules</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19390/option-c-" class="father">Option C </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19391/energy-sources" >Energy sources</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19407/fossil-fuels" >Fossil fuels</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19411/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions" >Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19429/solar-energy" >Solar energy</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19437/environmental-impact-global-warming" >Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells" >Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl-" >Nuclear fusion & fission (HL)    </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs" >Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19078/option-d" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action-" >Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19158/aspirin-penicillin-" >Aspirin & penicillin  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19174/opiates" >Opiates</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach" >pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19194/antiviral-medications-" >Antiviral medications </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications" >Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study" >Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19258/nuclear-medicine-" >Nuclear medicine  </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19273/drug-detection-analysis-" >Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia-" >Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16682/internal-assessment" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18892/scaffolding-the-investigation" >&#039;Scaffolding&#039; the investigation</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18896/timing-organisation-" >Timing & organisation </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18905/choosing-the-research-question" >Choosing the research question</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18946/personal-engagement" >Personal engagement</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18950/exploration" >Exploration</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18957/analysis" >Analysis</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18965/evaluation" >Evaluation</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18966/communication" >Communication</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia" >Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation" >Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data" >Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia-" >Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19506/ia-example-marking-exercise-" >IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports" >Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports-" >Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/37542/history-of-internal-assessment" >History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16598/mandatory-laboratory-components" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide-" >Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas" >Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16615/acid-base-titrations-" >Acid-base titrations </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16616/a-green-acid-base-practical" >A green acid-base practical</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets" >Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16618/caco3-in-egg-shells" >CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16644/enthalpy-changes" >Enthalpy changes</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16631/reaction-rates" >Reaction rates</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16635/rate-dependent-factors" >Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction" >Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16637/iodination-of-propanone" >Iodination of propanone</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter" >Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4-" >Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16640/voltaic-cells" >Voltaic cells</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16659/3-d-molecular-modelling-" >3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17168/other-good-practicals" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17196/common-chemical-reactions" >Common chemical reactions</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period-" >Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17239/the-halogens" >The halogens</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures" >Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17170/polarity-of-molecules" >Polarity of molecules</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18083/le-chateliers-principle-" >Le Chatelier&#039;s principle </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction" >Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium-" >Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools-" >Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution-" >Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass" >Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18356/electrolytic-cells-" >Electrolytic cells </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds" >Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes" >Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene-" >Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure" >Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19887/preparation-of-nylon-66" >Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content-" >Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19342/hydrolysis-of-starch-" >Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin-" >Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18851/ict-in-practical-work" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18852/data-logging-" >Data logging </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18853/software-for-graph-plotting-" >Software for graph plotting </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing-" >Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18855/databases" >Databases</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/18856/computer-modelling-simulations-" >Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16594/group-4-project" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16595/practicalities" >Practicalities</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16596/reflective-statement-" >Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16666/a-new-laboratory" >A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16284/exams" >Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16286/essential-facts" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16287/objectives-command-terms" >Objectives & command terms</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16288/grade-descriptors" >Grade descriptors</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16289/grade-boundaries" >Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16302/paper-1-multiple-choice" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16303/advice-to-students-paper-1" >Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/31515/practice-paper-1-exams" >Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16305/paper-2" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16306/advice-to-students-paper-2" >Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16307/areas-of-difficulty" >Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16313/paper-3-" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16314/advice-to-students-paper-3" >Advice to students (Paper 3)</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16342/data-response-questions" >Data response questions</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/20054/experimental-work-questions" >Experimental work questions</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16324/the-examination-process" class="father">The examination process</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16316/setting-the-exam-papers" >Setting the exam papers</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16317/predicted-grades" >Predicted grades</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16318/marking-the-papers" >Marking the papers</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16319/commenting-on-the-exams" >Commenting on the exams</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16320/grade-awarding" >Grade Awarding</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16321/enquiry-upon-results" >Enquiry upon results</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16322/chief-examiners-report" >Chief Examiner&#039;s report</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16323/retaking-the-exam" >Retaking the exam</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/16325/faqs" >FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/3147/ib-core" >IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/3149/learner-profile" >Learner Profile</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21735/extended-essays-" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21736/overview-" >Overview </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21780/responsibilities" >Responsibilities</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21790/resources" >Resources</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21800/research" >Research</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21804/writing-the-essay" >Writing the essay</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/21810/assessment" >Assessment</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/22434/summary-of-advice-" >Summary of advice </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/25272/faqs-" >FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/307/theory-of-knowledge-tok" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41171/the-12-tok-concepts" >The 12 TOK concepts</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/3507/why-tok-chemistry" >Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/3505/a-modern-paradigm" >A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions" >Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics" >SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics" >SL Multiple choice &#039;quizzes&#039; on sub-topics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams" >SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic" >SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions" >SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17792/sl-questions-on-the-options" >SL Questions on the options</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-" >SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics" >HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics" >HL Multiple choice &#039;quizzes&#039; on sub-topics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams-" >HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-" >HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions" >HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/17793/hl-questions-on-the-options" >HL Questions on the options</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics" >HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks-" >Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41465/complete-course-for-students-" >Complete course for students </a><ul class="level-1"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27988/full-coverage-of-each-topic-and-sub-topic" class="father">Full coverage of each topic and sub-topic</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27959/topic-1-stoichiometric-relationships" >Topic 1 : Stoichiometric relationships</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27960/topics-2-12-atomic-structure" >Topics 2 & 12 : Atomic structure</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27965/topics-3-13-periodicity" >Topics 3 & 13 : Periodicity</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27971/topics-4-14-chemical-bonding-structure" >Topics 4 & 14 : Chemical bonding & structure</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27987/topics-5-15-energeticsthermochemistry" >Topics 5 & 15 : Energetics/thermochemistry</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/27995/topics-6-16-chemical-kinetics" >Topics 6 & 16 : Chemical kinetics</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28001/topics-7-17-equilibrium-" >Topics 7 & 17 : Equilibrium </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28017/topics-8-18-acids-and-bases-" >Topics 8 & 18 : Acids and bases </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28031/topics-9-19-redox-process" >Topics 9 & 19 : Redox process</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28061/topics-10-20-organic-chemistry" >Topics 10 & 20 : Organic chemistry</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28038/topics-11-21-measurement-data-processing-analysis" >Topics 11 & 21 : Measurement, data processing & analysis</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28074/option-a-materials-" >Option A : Materials </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28087/option-b-biochemistry" >Option B : Biochemistry</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28098/option-c-energy-" >Option C : Energy </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/28109/option-d-medicinal-chemistry" >Option D : Medicinal chemistry</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41553/practical-work-including-ia-group-4-project-" class="father">Practical work (including IA & Group 4 Project) </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41528/internal-assessment" >Internal Assessment</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41657/group-4-project" >Group 4 Project</a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41387/approaches-to-learning-" class="father">Approaches to learning </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41380/thinking-skills" >Thinking skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41383/communication-skills" >Communication skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41384/social-skills-" >Social skills </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41385/self-management-skills" >Self-management skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41386/research-skills" >Research skills</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41382/reflection-skills-" >Reflection skills </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41488/the-nature-of-science" class="father">The Nature of Science</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41489/key-terms-concepts-" >Key terms & concepts </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41492/how-the-elements-were-named-" >How the elements were named </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41490/nos-critical-thinking" >NOS & Critical Thinking</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41493/the-culture-of-chemistry-" >The Culture of Chemistry </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41494/nature-of-science-questions-" >Nature of Science questions </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41401/external-assessment-exams" class="father">External assessment (Exams)</a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41403/essential-facts-" >Essential Facts </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41409/paper-1-multiple-choice-" >Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41417/paper-2-" >Paper 2 </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41431/paper-3-" >Paper 3  </a></li></ul></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41662/extended-essay-" class="father">Extended Essay </a><ul class="level-2"><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41685/preparation" >Preparation</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41686/researching-" >Researching </a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/42075/writing-the-essay" >Writing the essay</a></li><li  ><a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/page/41687/assessment" >Assessment</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></nav>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>

    <nav id="nav-menu-search" style="display: none;">
        <div class="layout-wrapper">
            <form class="form-inline" role="search" method="get" action="chemistry/search">
    <input id="nav-search" name="s" type="search" placeholder="Search Chemistry..." value="">
    <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" type="submit">
        Search
    </button>
    <a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search" title="Close">
        <i class="fa fa-lg fa-times gray"></i>
    </a>
</form>

        </div>
    </nav>

	<div class="layout-wrapper">
		<div id="container" class="container-fluid">
			<div id="content">
				<div class="row-fluid">
					<div id="left-column" class="span3"><div id="userbox">
    <a href="#modal-login" role="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" onclick="return false;">
        Log in
    </a>
    <a href="subscribe" class="btn btn-danger">
        Subscribe / Renew
    </a>
    <a class="btn" href="#modal-warning-students" data-toggle="modal" onclick="return false;">Free trial</a>
</div>

<div id="modal-warning-students" class="modal hide fade text-left" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <!-- <div class="modal-header">
        <button aria-hidden="true" data-dismiss="modal" class="close" type="button">×</button>
    </div> -->
    <div class="modal-body" style="padding: 15px 50px">
        <div style="text-align: center">
            <h2 style="color: #BB1313; margin-top: 0">If you are a student, stop now!</h2>
            <img style="width: 96px; height: 96px" src="/img/warning-skull.svg">
        </div>
        <p>
            <br>
            Only teachers can take out free trials or subscriptions to our subject sites at
            <a href="/">www.thinkib.net</a>
        </p>
        <p>
            In line with the IB Learner Profile, &quot;Act with integrity and honesty&quot;.
        </p>
        <p>
            If you are a student and wish to access these resources, ask your school to subscribe.
        </p>
        <p>
            Alternatively, sign up to our sites at <a href="https://www.studyib.net">www.studyib.net</a>
            which are specifically designed for self study and revision.
        </p>
    </div>
    <div class="modal-footer" style="text-align: center">
        <a class="btn btn-success" href="/subscribe?highlight=trial">
            I confirm I am a teacher
        </a>
    </div>
</div>



<!-- Modal -->
<div id="modal-login" class="modal hide fade text-left" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="log-in form" aria-hidden="true">
    <div class="modal-header" style="padding: 15px;">
        <button aria-hidden="true" data-dismiss="modal" class="close" type="button">&times;</button>
        <div style="margin: 0 20px;">
            <h2 style="margin: 0;">Log in</h2>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="modal-body">
        <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;">
            <form method="post" style="margin: 0 auto; width: 60%;" action="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/last-updates">
                
                <div class="control-group" style="display: flex">
                    <!-- <label><i class="fa fa-user"></i> Username</label> -->
                    <input class="span12" type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
                </div>
                <div class="control-group password-container" style="display: flex;">
                    <!-- <label><i class="fa fa-lock"></i> Password</label> -->
                    <input class="span12" type="password" placeholder="Password" name="password">
                    <i class="fa fa-eye toggle-password"></i>
                </div>
                <div class="control-group" style="display: flex; margin-bottom: 20px;">
                    <a href="chemistry/lost-password" style="font-weight: normal">
                        Forgot your password?
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div class="control-group" style="display: flex; margin-bottom: 35px;">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-large btn-primary" value="1" name="submit-login" style="width: 100%;">
                        <i class="fa fa-user"></i> 
                        Log in
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="control-group" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column;">
                    <a href="https://managebac.com" onclick="managebacPopup(); return false;" 
                        target="popup" name="managebac-login-access" value="1" class="btn" style="margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: left;">
                        <img style="margin: 0;" src="img/mb-logo-small.png" height="24" width="24"> 
                        Log in with ManageBac
                    </a>
                    <a href="https://managebac.cn" onclick="managebacChinaPopup(); return false;"
                        target="popup" name="managebac-login-access" class="btn" value="1" style="text-align: left;">
                        <img src="img/china-flag.svg">
                        Log in with ManageBac China
                    </a>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <script>
        // var alert = [
        //     '<div class="modal-footer" style="color: #933; font-weight: bold">',
        //         'Notice: ThinkIB will be down for planned maintenance during two hours on Wednesday 28th July from 7am to 9am CEST',
        //     '</div>'
        // ].join('');
        // var d = new Date();
        // var dayD = new Date(1627455600000); // <- 28 July 2021 7:00 * 1000
        // if (d.getTime() < dayD) {
        //     document.write(alert);
        // }
    </script>
</div>
<style>#userbox > a {margin-bottom: 4px;}</style><script>function managebacPopup(){return window.open("https://accounts.faria.org/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=RJ2txYSqkbXku1EsLPXiEzKf8kpmgkeKarpSf2eW1GM&redirect_uri=https://www.thinkib.net/mb/callback&scope=openid+email&state=6de4db75fa15068a&display=popup","ManageBac Login","width=1000,height=750"),$("#modal-login").modal("hide"),setLoginLocation("global"),!1}function managebacChinaPopup(){return window.open("https://accounts.managebac.cn/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=28KPAhfeYrEQHe88mpP5G62feOQ7r2kJkplc3mmJZfg&redirect_uri=https://www.thinkib.net/mb/callback&scope=openid+email&state=6de4db75fa15068a&display=popup","ManageBac Login","width=1000,height=750"),$("#modal-login").modal("hide"),setLoginLocation("china"),!1}function managebacRefresh(){location.reload()}function setLoginLocation(e){var o="https://www.thinkib.net/mb/callback".replace("callback","");$.get(o+e+"-login")}</script><div class="side-box shadow-md" style="margin-top: 16px;">
	<div>
		<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0"><em>InThinking</em></h3>
		<div class="pull-left">
			<div style="font-style: italic">
				<div style="padding: 8px 0px">Independent<br>Innovative<br>International</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		<img style="margin-top: -16px; float: right;" src="img/inthinking-world-logo-80.png">
		<hr style="margin: 4px 0; clear: both;">
		<div class="row-fluid">
			<a href="subscribe/about-us" target="_blank" style="min-height: 0" class="font-normal">About us</a>
			|
			<a href="http://www.inthinking.net" target="_blank" style="min-height: 0" class="font-normal">Visit our hub website</a>
		</div>
		<hr style="margin: 4px 0">
		<p><small>
			<strong>Disclaimer</strong>:
			<em>InThinking</em> subject sites are neither endorsed by nor connected with
			the International Baccalaureate Organisation.
		</small></p>
		<hr style="margin: 8px 0 8px 0" />
		<p>
			<a target="_blank" title="Like us on Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/inthinking.net"><img src="img/social/facebook-32.png" /></a>
			<a target="_blank" title="Follow us on Twitter" href="http://www.twitter.com/InThinker"><img src="img/social/twitter-32.png" /></a>
			<a target="_blank" title="Connect with us on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/9s4we1"><img src="img/social/linkedin-32.png" /></a>
		</p>
	</div>
</div>
<div id="forthcoming-workshops" class="side-box shadow-md"><div class="workshop"><h3 class="tib-red">IB Approved Workshops</h3><h4><a target="_blank" href="https://inthinking.net/workshop/450/stockholm-may-2023">Chemistry <small style="color: #933; font-weight: normal;">(New Syllabus)</small><br /><small>IB DP Category 2</small></a></h4><p>Stockholm, Sweden, 12 - 14 May 2023<br /><a target="_blank" href="https://inthinking.net/workshop/450/stockholm-may-2023" title="Find out more about this workshop at inthinking.net" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i> Find out more</a></p><hr style="margin: 8px 0;" /><h4><a target="_blank" href="https://inthinking.net/workshop/466/online-ib-approved-aug-2023">Chemistry <small style="color: #933; font-weight: normal;">(New Syllabus)</small><br /><small>IB DP Category 2</small></a></h4><p>Online (IB Approved), 25 - 27 August 2023<br /><a target="_blank" href="https://inthinking.net/workshop/466/online-ib-approved-aug-2023" title="Find out more about this workshop at inthinking.net" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-external-link"></i> Find out more</a></p><hr style="margin: 8px 0;" /><p class="text-center">Find all <em>InThinking</em> Workshops at<a href="https://inthinking.net"> www.inthinking.net</a></p></div></div><div class="side-box shadow-md">
	<div>
		<h3>School visits</h3>
		<p>
			<img class="pull-left" style="margin-right: 12px" src="img/it-school-visits-ad.png" />
			If you are interested in an <em>InThinking</em> consultant visiting your school to work with teachers and/or students, please
			<a href="https://www.thinkib.net/chemistry/contact?school-visits=1"><strong>contact us</strong></a>.
		</p>
	</div>
</div></div><!-- /#left-column-->
					<div id="main-column" class="span9">	<div class="pull-right pagination pagination-right pagination-small"><ul id="blog-top-pagination"><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=5"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-left"></i> Prev</a></li><li class="active"><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=6">page <strong>6</strong></a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=7">Next <i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></a></li></ul></div>
	<h1>Latest updates</h1>
	<div class="list"><div class="blog-list"><div class="item"><a title="Managing student accounts & mark book" href="chemistry/page/27351/managing-student-accounts-mark-book"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/2014 Basic information/manging-accounts/select-group.png" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/27351/managing-student-accounts-mark-book">Managing student accounts & mark book</a><span class="free-text-mark">Free</span><span class="details pull-right">27 October 2022</span></h3><p>Once you have set up the student accounts and the students have activated their accounts (see Creating student accounts) then your students can access the pages you allow so that they can work in their... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/27351/managing-student-accounts-mark-book">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="Dinosaur chemistry" href="chemistry/page/7842/dinosaur-chemistry"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/TOK images/Normality 2.jpg" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/7842/dinosaur-chemistry">Dinosaur chemistry</a><span class="free-text-mark">Free</span><span class="details pull-right">26 October 2022</span></h3><p>It is all too easy to think that in the past chemists got some of it wrong and that these days we know exactly what we are doing. There are obvious examples of theories that were once prevalent but are... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/7842/dinosaur-chemistry">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="Mandatory laboratory components" href="chemistry/page/16598/mandatory-laboratory-components"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/2014 practicals/Titration experiment.jpg" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/16598/mandatory-laboratory-components">Mandatory laboratory components</a><span class="free-text-mark">Free</span><span class="details pull-right">19 October 2022</span></h3><p>There are no specific experiments or practicals that all students must perform. Apart from the ten hours for the Individual Scientific Investigation and the ten hours for the Group 4 project, teachers... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/16598/mandatory-laboratory-components">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="Data response question" href="chemistry/page/17110/data-response-question"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/2014 Core & AHL/Topics 4 & 14/licl-data-response-question(1).jpg" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/17110/data-response-question">Data response question</a><span class="details pull-right">29 September 2022</span></h3><p>The purpose of this exercise is to get students to think critically about what they read.The following extract is taken from a very well-respected British chemistry textbook for 16–19 year olds (specifically:... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/17110/data-response-question">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="5+ is different to +5" href="chemistry/blog/45629/5-is-different-to-5"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/2023-blog/p5--ionic-radius.png" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/blog/45629/5-is-different-to-5">5+ is different to +5</a><span class="details pull-right">20 September 2022</span></h3><p>In many ways this blog follows on from my last one 'Training students to think critically'. Recently Natalie Brink, who teaches at Shekou International School in China, asked a very sensible and valid... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/blog/45629/5-is-different-to-5">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="Training students to think critically" href="chemistry/blog/45568/training-students-to-think-critically"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/2023-blog/mgo-lattice.png" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/blog/45568/training-students-to-think-critically">Training students to think critically</a><span class="details pull-right">8 September 2022</span></h3><p>Young children are naturally curious and parents and teachers should actively encourage this curiosity. Questions which generally start with "How.." often require factual answers (e.g. How does this work?... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/blog/45568/training-students-to-think-critically">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="1. Stoichiometric relationships (2)" href="chemistry/page/16735/1-stoichiometric-relationships-2"><img src="/img/gen-thumbs/chemistry/128-chemistry-03.jpg" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/16735/1-stoichiometric-relationships-2">1. Stoichiometric relationships (2)</a><span class="details pull-right">4 September 2022</span></h3><p>For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.1. What amount of atoms, in mol, is present in 128 g of sulfur dioxide? (Avogadro’s constant = 6 x 1023 mol-1)A. 1.2 x 1024  <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/16735/1-stoichiometric-relationships-2">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="1. Stoichiometric relationships (2) " href="chemistry/page/16904/1-stoichiometric-relationships-2-"><img src="/img/gen-thumbs/chemistry/128-chemistry-03.jpg" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/16904/1-stoichiometric-relationships-2-">1. Stoichiometric relationships (2) </a><span class="details pull-right">4 September 2022</span></h3><p>For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.1. What amount of atoms, in mol, is present in 128 g of sulfur dioxide? (Avogadro’s constant = 6 x 1023 mol-1)A. 1.2 x 1024  <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/16904/1-stoichiometric-relationships-2-">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="Journals" href="chemistry/page/17132/journals"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/Journals and books/Magazine rack3.jpg" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/17132/journals">Journals</a><span class="details pull-right">4 September 2022</span></h3><p>It is well worth subscribing to several chemistry journals - either to receive as hard copies or online. Many countries produce chemistry journals, some specifically for the 16-19 age group. In the past... <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/17132/journals">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div><div class="item"><a title="Web links" href="chemistry/page/17140/web-links"><img src="https://teacher-sites-storage-thumbnails.inthinking.net/ib/chemistry/images/2014 Basic information/screen-shot-2018-04-06-at-11.04.29.png" class="thumb thumb64" /></a><h3 class="blog-list-title"><a href="chemistry/page/17140/web-links">Web links</a><span class="details pull-right">4 September 2022</span></h3><p>Really you should only need one fantastic website, i.e......but no-one is perfect!Throughout my site I've provided links to relevant websites dealing with the specific topic, e.g. NIST for spectra data.  <a class="font-normal" href="chemistry/page/17140/web-links">more <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i></a></p></div></div></div>
	<div class="pagination pagination-centered"><ul id="blog-pagination"><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=5"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-left"></i></a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=1">1</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=2">2</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=3">3</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=4">4</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=5">5</a></li><li class="active"><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=6">6</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=7">7</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=8">8</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=9">9</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=10">10</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=11">11</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=12">12</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=13">13</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=14">14</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=15">15</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=16">16</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=17">17</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=18">18</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=19">19</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=20">20</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=21">21</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=22">22</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=23">23</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=24">24</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=25">25</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=26">26</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=27">27</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=28">28</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=29">29</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=30">30</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=31">31</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=32">32</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=33">33</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=34">34</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=35">35</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=36">36</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=37">37</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=38">38</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=39">39</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=40">40</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=41">41</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=42">42</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=43">43</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=44">44</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=45">45</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=46">46</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=47">47</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=48">48</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=49">49</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=50">50</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=51">51</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=52">52</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=53">53</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=54">54</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=55">55</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=56">56</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=57">57</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=58">58</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=59">59</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=60">60</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=61">61</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=62">62</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=63">63</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=64">64</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=65">65</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=66">66</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=67">67</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=68">68</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=69">69</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=70">70</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=71">71</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=72">72</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=73">73</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=74">74</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=75">75</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=76">76</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=77">77</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=78">78</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=79">79</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=80">80</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=81">81</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=82">82</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=83">83</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=84">84</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=85">85</a></li><li ><a href="chemistry/last-updates?page=7"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></a></li></ul></div></div><!-- /#main-column -->
				</div>
			</div><!-- /#content -->
		</div>
	</div>

    <div id="footer">
    <div class="wmap">
        <div class="layout-wrapper">
            <p>
                &copy; <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear())</script> <em>InThinking / IB Documents (2) Team | Version: 31.01.2023</em>
                &nbsp;| &nbsp;
                <a target="_self" href="/subscribe/about-us">
                    About us
                </a>
                &nbsp;|&nbsp;
                 <a target="_self" href="/subscribe/legal">
                    Legal
                </a>
                &nbsp;|&nbsp;
                <a target="_self" href="/subscribe/contact">
                    Contact
                </a>
            </p>
            <a href="#"><img style="width:auto;height:75px;" src="http://06082010.xyz/assets/img/logo1.png"></a>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<input id="tzoffset" type="hidden" value="new" />

	<!-- Loading scripts at the end of the body means faster page loading -->
	<script src="/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
	<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script>
	<script src="/js/header-circle.min.js?v=20220113"></script><script src="/js/password-toggler.min.js?v=20220929"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/cookies.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// The cookies alert
if (! readCookie("displayCookieConsent") && ! readCookie("y") ) {
    var cookieMSG = "We use cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used.";
    setTimeout(function() {
        $.ajax({
            cache: true,
            url: "js/cookiechoices.js",
            dataType: "script",
            success: function () {
                cookieChoices.showCookieConsentBar(cookieMSG, 'close', 'Read more', "chemistry/legal#cookies");
            }
        });
    }, 2000);
}
</script><script>var sessionUpdateSecs = 600;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/session-updater.js?v=20200831"></script>
	<script type="text/javascript">
		$(document).ready(function(){
			function padLeft(str,max){return str.length<max?padLeft("0"+str,max):str}function padRight(str,max){return str.length<max?padRight(str+"0",max):str}$("body").on("click",'a[href="#"], a.fancybox-nav, a[data-toggle="tab"], a[data-toggle="dropdown"], a[data-toggle="collapse"], a[data-toggle="modal"]',(function(e){e.preventDefault()}));var topmenuOffset=0,topmenuHeight=0;function fixDiv(t,h){$(window).scrollTop()<topmenuOffset||$("#topmenu ul.level-1").is(":visible")?($("#topmenu").css({position:"",width:""}),$("#topmenu").removeClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css({"padding-top":"0"})):($("#topmenu").css({position:"fixed",top:"0",width:$("#topmenu").width()+"px"}),$("#topmenu").addClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css({"padding-top":topmenuHeight+"px"}))}function fixSearchNav(){var searchMenuTop=topmenuOffset+topmenuHeight,searchMenuH=$("#nav-menu-search").is(":visible")?$("#nav-menu-search").outerHeight():0;$(window).scrollTop()>searchMenuTop-topmenuHeight?($("#nav-menu-search").css({position:"fixed",top:topmenuHeight+"px",left:"0",right:"0"}),$("#nav-menu-search").addClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css("padding-top",topmenuHeight+searchMenuH+"px")):($("#nav-menu-search").css({position:""}),$("#nav-menu-search").removeClass("fixed-top"),$("body").css("padding-top","0"))}$("#topmenu").length&&(topmenuOffset=$("#topmenu").offset().top,topmenuHeight=$("#topmenu").outerHeight(),fixDiv(),$(window).scroll((function(){fixDiv(),fixSearchNav()}))),$("a.toggle-menu-search").on("click",(function(e){e.preventDefault(),$("#nav-menu-search").slideToggle("fast",(function(){$(this).find('input[name="s"]').focus()}))}));var menuH=$("#topmenu").height(),itemH=$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").height();function fancyScrollTo(id){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$("#"+id).offset().top-300},300)}function printSectionBlog(){var w=$(window).width()/2,h,windowSettings="height="+($(window).height()-100)+", width="+w+", left=0, top=0, resizable=no, ";windowSettings+="scrollbars=yes, toolbar=no, menubar=no, location=no, ",windowSettings+="directories=no, status=yes";var myWindow=window.open("","Page printer",windowSettings),containerHtml=["<html>","<head>","<title>Page printer</title>",'<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/style.min.css?v=202211152130">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+"/css/style"+SITE_TAG+'.min.css?v=202104061357">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/snippets.min.css?v=202210181500">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/article.min.css?v=202210181500">',"</head>","<body>",$("section#main-content").html().replace(/<span\sclass="MJX_Assistive_MathML".*?<\/span>/g,""),"</body>","</html>"].join("");containerHtml=containerHtml.replace(/src="files\//gi,'src="'+window.location.origin+"/files/"),myWindow.document.write(containerHtml),myWindow.document.close(),myWindow.focus(),setTimeout((function(){$.when(myWindow.print()).then(myWindow.close())}),1e3)}function PopupPrint(target){window.print()}$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").each((function(){if(menuH>itemH&&$(this).position().top<1){var i=itemH+1;$(this).find("ul:first").css("margin-top","-"+i+"px")}})),$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").on("mouseenter mouseleave",(function(e){var submenu=$("ul:first",this),submenuW=submenu.width();$(this).offset().left+submenuW>$(window).width()&&(submenu.css("right","0"),submenu.find("ul").each((function(){if(!$(this).hasClass("fixed")){var l=$(this).width()+submenuW;$(this).css("margin-left","-"+l+"px"),$(this).addClass("fixed")}})))})),$("a.showhider").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var box="#"+$(this).attr("rel"),show='<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>',hide='<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>';$(box).slideToggle("fast"),$(this).html($(this).html()==show?hide:show),$(this).attr("title","Show"==$(this).attr("title")?"Hide":"Show")})),$("a.scroll-to").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var n=$("#"+$(this).data("target")).offset().top-70;$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:n},300)})),$("a.print-section-blog").click((function(e){e.preventDefault(),printSectionBlog()})),$(".print-button").click((function(e){var target;e.preventDefault(),PopupPrint("#"+$(this).data("target-id"))})),$(".alert.alert-success").delay(6e3).hide("fast",fixDiv());var fancyParent=1==$("body").find($("#main-article")).length?"#main-article":"body",fancyOptions={loop:!1,openEffect:"elastic",closeEffect:"elastic",nextEffect:"fade",prevEffect:"fade",parent:fancyParent,helpers:{title:{type:"inside"}}};if($("ul.gallery").each((function(){var rel=$(this).find("li:first-child > a:first-child").attr("rel");$('ul.gallery a.fancy[rel="'+rel+'"]').fancybox(fancyOptions)})),$(".carousel.slide").each((function(){var rel="gallery-"+$(this).data("id");$('.carousel.slide a.fancy[rel="'+rel+'"]').fancybox(fancyOptions)})),$("img.pop").parent("a").each((function(){$(this).attr("title",$(this).children("img").attr("alt"))})),$("img.pop").parent("a").fancybox({loop:!1,helpers:{title:{type:"inside"}}}),!are_cookies_enabled()){var msg='<div class="alert alert-error"><i class="fa fa-warning"></i> Your browser does not accept cookies from this site. Please enable cookies to log in.</div><div class="alert alert-info"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Enabling cookies in <a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/enable-and-disable-cookies-website-preferences">Firefox</a>, <a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/61416?hl=en">Chrome</a>, <a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/block-or-allow-cookies">Explorer</a></div>';$("#modal-login .modal-header").append(msg)}if($(".panel-expandable > .panel-heading").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var panel=$(this).closest(".panel-expandable"),expandables=panel.hasClass("panel-has-footer")?".panel-body, .panel-footer":".panel-body";panel.find(".panel-body").is(":visible")?(panel.find(expandables).slideUp("fast"),panel.find(".expander > .fa-minus").removeClass("fa-minus").addClass("fa-plus")):(panel.find(expandables).slideDown("fast"),panel.find(".expander > .fa-plus").removeClass("fa-plus").addClass("fa-minus"))})),$("#modal-find-out-more").css({width:.8*$("#container").width()+"px","margin-left":-.4*$("#container").width()+"px"}),$(".modal-xxl").length){var modalTopPos=Math.round(.07*$(window).height());$(window).width()>1200&&$(".modal-xxl").css({"max-width":$(window).width()>960?"960px":$(window).width()+"px",width:$(window).width()>960?"960px":$(window).width()+"px","margin-left":$(window).width()>960?"-480px":Math.round($(window).width()/2)}),$(".modal-xxl").css("top",modalTopPos+"px"),$(".modal-xxl").on("shown",(function(){var mHeaderH=$(this).find(".modal-header").outerHeight(),mBody=$(this).find(".modal-body"),mBodyH=mBody.outerHeight(),mFooterH=$(this).find(".modal-footer").outerHeight(),bottomOfTheModal=modalTopPos+mHeaderH+mBodyH+mFooterH;if(bottomOfTheModal<$(window).height())mBodyH+=$(window).height()-bottomOfTheModal-60,mBody.css("max-height",mBodyH+"px");else{$(window).scrollTop(0),modalTopPos=10,$(".modal-xxl").css("top",modalTopPos+"px"),bottomOfTheModal=modalTopPos+mHeaderH+mBodyH+mFooterH,availableScroll=bottomOfTheModal-$(window).height()+modalTopPos;var lastPos=-1;$(window).on("scroll",(function(){var s=$(window).scrollTop()>availableScroll?availableScroll:$(window).scrollTop();newPos=modalTopPos-s,newPos!=lastPos&&($(".modal-xxl").css("top",newPos+"px"),lastPos=newPos)}))}}))}function popupHelp(url,title,w,h){var dualScreenLeft=void 0!==window.screenLeft?window.screenLeft:screen.left,dualScreenTop=void 0!==window.screenTop?window.screenTop:screen.top,width,height,left=(window.innerWidth?window.innerWidth:document.documentElement.clientWidth?document.documentElement.clientWidth:screen.width)/2-w/2+dualScreenLeft,top=(window.innerHeight?window.innerHeight:document.documentElement.clientHeight?document.documentElement.clientHeight:screen.height)/2-h/2+dualScreenTop,newWindow=window.open(url,title,"menubar=no,location=no,resizable=0, width="+w+", height="+h+", top="+top+", left="+left);return window.focus&&(newWindow?newWindow.focus():$('<div class="alert alert-warning" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><p class="help-block">Pop Up blocked. Please allow Pop Ups in your browser settings.</p></div>').insertBefore("body")),newWindow}if($(".open-student-access-help").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var h=$(window).height()-20,w=$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280;popupHelp(helpURL,"Student Access Help",w,h)})),$(".pop-up-help").click((function(e){e.preventDefault();var url=$(this).attr("href"),title=$(this).data("title"),h=$(window).height()-20,w;popupHelp(url,title,$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280,h)})),$("section.tib-hiddenbox").length){var count=0;$($("section.tib-hiddenbox").get().reverse()).each((function(){var box=$(this),revealButton;$("<a />").attr("class","btn showhider").attr("rel","hiddenBoxContent"+count).attr("style","margin-bottom: 0;").html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>').insertBefore(box);var newContainer=$("<div />").attr("class","hidden-content").attr("id","hiddenBoxContent"+count).html(box.html());newContainer.hide(),newContainer.insertBefore(box),box.remove(),count++})),$("a.showhider").on("click",(function(e){var container=$("#"+$(this).attr("rel"));container.is(":hidden")?(container.fadeIn("fast"),$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>')):(container.fadeOut("fast"),$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>'))}))}
			function createPrevGroup(ul) {
	var group = $('<div/>');
	group.append(ul.find('li:first-child')); // [<]
	if (!ul.find('li:first-child').hasClass('active')) {
		group.append(ul.find('li:first-child'));
	}
	return group;
}

function createNextGroup(ul, n) {
	var group = $('<div/>');
	group.append(ul.find('li:last-child')); // [>]
	if (!ul.find('li:last-child').hasClass('active')) {
		group.prepend(ul.find('li:last-child'));
	}
	return group;
}

function createCentralGroup(ul, n, separator) {
	var group = $('<div/>');
	var center = ul.find('li.active');
	group.append(center.clone());
	
	var i = 0;
	var reachedIni = false;
	var reachedEnd = false;
	while(i < n) {
		if(!reachedIni) {
			var prep = center.prev();
			if (prep.html()!=undefined) {
				group.prepend(prep);
				i++
			}
			else{
				reachedIni = true;
				i--;
			}
		}
		if(!reachedEnd) {
			var appe = center.next();
			if (appe.html()!=undefined) {
				group.append(appe);
				i++
			}
			else{
				reachedEnd = true;
				i--;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!reachedIni) { group.prepend(separator.clone()); }
	if (!reachedEnd) { group.append(separator.clone()); }
	return group;
}

function arrange_pagination() {
	var containerW = $('ul#blog-pagination').parent('.pagination').outerWidth();
	var itemW = $('ul#blog-pagination > li:last-child > a').outerWidth()+12;
	var currentItems = $('ul#blog-pagination li').size();
	var ul = $('ul#blog-pagination');
	if ( (itemW*currentItems) > containerW) {
		var i = (containerW / itemW);
		var maxItems = Math.floor(i)-4;
		var prevGroup = createPrevGroup(ul);
		var nextGroup = createNextGroup(ul);
		// At this point we know how many items we need for the central group
		var centralItems = maxItems - prevGroup.find('li').size() - nextGroup.find('li').size();
		var separator = $('<li/>', {class: 'separator disabled', html: '<a href="#">...</a>'});
		var centralGroup = createCentralGroup(ul, centralItems, separator);
		ul.html(prevGroup.html() + centralGroup.html() + nextGroup.html());
	}
	ul.css('height', 'auto');
}
arrange_pagination();
$('li.active a').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); });
$('li.disabled a').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); });

var hTopmenu = $('#topmenu').height();
var n = 0;
$('nav.top-nav > ul > li').each(function(k, e) {
    if (n > 1) {
        var diff = hTopmenu-(e.offsetTop+e.offsetHeight);
        $(e).find(' > ul ').css('margin-top', '-'+diff+'px');
    }
    n++;
});

		});
	</script>
</body>
</html>