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<title>DP Chemistry: 9. Redox processes</title>
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<meta name="description" content="For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.1. Which is correct statement about reduction?A. It involves the loss of hydrogen.B. It involves the addition of oxygen.C. It involves the addition of electrons.D. It involves an increase in oxidation number.2. In which species does manganese have an oxidation state of +3?A. MnSO4B. KMnO4C. Mn2O3">
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fuels</a></li><li><a href="../19411/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions-1.html">Nuclear fusion & nuclear fission reactions</a></li><li><a href="../19429/solar-energy-1.html">Solar energy</a></li><li><a href="../19437/environmental-impact-global-warming-1.html">Environmental impact - global warming</a></li><li><a href="../19453/electrochemistry-rechargeable-batteries-fuel-cells-1.html">Electrochemistry, rechargeable batteries & fuel cells</a></li><li><a href="../19458/nuclear-fusion-fission-hl--1.html">Nuclear fusion & fission (HL) </a></li><li><a href="../19470/photovoltaic-cells-and-dsscs-1.html">Photovoltaic cells and DSSCs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19078/option-d-1.html" class="father">Option D</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19079/pharmaceutical-products-drug-action--1.html">Pharmaceutical products & drug action </a></li><li><a href="../19158/aspirin-penicillin--1.html">Aspirin & penicillin </a></li><li><a href="../19174/opiates-1.html">Opiates</a></li><li><a href="../19184/ph-regulation-of-the-stomach-1.html">pH regulation of the stomach</a></li><li><a href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18852/data-logging--1.html">Data logging </a></li><li><a href="../18853/software-for-graph-plotting--1.html">Software for graph plotting </a></li><li><a href="../18854/spreadsheets-for-data-processing--1.html">Spreadsheets for data processing </a></li><li><a href="../18855/databases-1.html">Databases</a></li><li><a href="../18856/computer-modelling-simulations--1.html">Computer modelling & simulations </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16594/group-4-project-1.html" class="father">Group 4 Project</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16595/practicalities-1.html">Practicalities</a></li><li><a href="../16596/reflective-statement--2.html">Reflective statement </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16666/a-new-laboratory-1.html">A new laboratory?</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16284/exams-1.html">Exams</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16286/essential-facts-1.html" class="father">Essential Facts</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16287/objectives-command-terms-1.html">Objectives & command terms</a></li><li><a href="../16288/grade-descriptors-1.html">Grade descriptors</a></li><li><a href="../16289/grade-boundaries-1.html">Grade boundaries</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16302/paper-1-multiple-choice-1.html" class="father">Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16303/advice-to-students-paper-1-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 1)</a></li><li><a href="../31515/practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16305/paper-2-1.html" class="father">Paper 2</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16306/advice-to-students-paper-2-1.html">Advice to students (Paper 2)</a></li><li><a href="../16307/areas-of-difficulty-1.html">Areas of difficulty</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16313/paper-3--1.html" class="father">Paper 3 </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a 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href="../16323/retaking-the-exam-1.html">Retaking the exam</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16325/faqs-1.html">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../3147/ib-core-1.html">IB Core</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../3149/learner-profile-1.html">Learner Profile</a></li><li><a href="../21735/extended-essays--1.html" class="father">Extended Essays </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../21736/overview--1.html">Overview </a></li><li><a href="../21780/responsibilities-1.html">Responsibilities</a></li><li><a href="../21790/resources-1.html">Resources</a></li><li><a href="../21800/research-1.html">Research</a></li><li><a href="../21804/writing-the-essay-1.html">Writing the essay</a></li><li><a href="../21810/assessment-1.html">Assessment</a></li><li><a href="../22434/summary-of-advice--1.html">Summary of advice </a></li><li><a href="../25272/faqs--1.html">FAQs </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../307/theory-of-knowledge-tok-1.html" class="father">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a><ul 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options</a></li><li><a href="../24897/sl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics--1.html">SL Quizzes on option sub-topics </a></li><li><a href="../17785/hl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24352/hl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">HL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31520/hl-practice-paper-1-exams--1.html">HL Practice Paper 1 exams </a></li><li><a href="../17787/hl-questions-on-each-sub-topic--1.html">HL Questions on each sub-topic </a></li><li><a href="../20428/hl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">HL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17793/hl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">HL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a href="../24973/hl-quizzes-on-option-sub-topics-1.html">HL Quizzes on option sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../41573/printable-versions-of-written-tasks--1.html">Printable versions of written tasks </a></li></ul></li><li><a 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href="../40919/covalent-structures-1-questions-1.html" title="Covalent structures (1) questions">Covalent structures (1) questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17122/covalent-structures-2-1.html" title="Covalent structures (2)">Covalent structures (2)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24481/mc-test-covalent-structures-2--1.html" title="MC test: Covalent structures (2) ">MC test: Covalent structures (2) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40918/covalent-structure-2-shapes-polarity-questions-1.html" title="Covalent structure (2) Shapes & polarity questions">Covalent structure (2) Shapes & polarity questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17160/intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="Intermolecular forces">Intermolecular forces</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24512/mc-test-intermolecular-forces-1.html" title="MC test: Intermolecular forces">MC test: Intermolecular forces</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40937/intermolecular-forces-questions-1.html" title="Intermolecular forces questions">Intermolecular forces questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17237/metallic-bonding-1.html" title="Metallic bonding">Metallic bonding</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24513/mc-test-metallic-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Metallic bonding">MC test: Metallic bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40939/metallic-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Metallic bonding questions">Metallic bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17260/further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding--1.html" title="Further aspects of covalent bonding ">Further aspects of covalent bonding </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24553/mc-test-further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-1.html" title="MC test: Further aspects of covalent bonding">MC test: Further aspects of covalent bonding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40940/further-aspects-of-covalent-bonding-questions-1.html" title="Further aspects of covalent bonding questions">Further aspects of covalent bonding questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17258/hybridization-1.html" title="Hybridization">Hybridization</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24555/mc-test-hybridization-1.html" title="MC test: Hybridization">MC test: Hybridization</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40941/hybridization-questions-1.html" title="Hybridization questions">Hybridization questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17669/topics-5-15--1.html" title="Topics 5 & 15 ">Topics 5 & 15 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17685/measuring-energy-changes-1.html" title="Measuring energy changes">Measuring energy changes</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24581/mc-test-measuring-energy-changes-1.html" title="MC test: Measuring energy changes">MC test: Measuring energy changes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39536/measuring-energy-changes-questions--1.html" title="Measuring energy changes questions ">Measuring energy changes questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17689/hesss-law--1.html" title="Hess's Law ">Hess's Law </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24582/mc-test-hesss-law-1.html" title="MC test: Hess's Law">MC test: Hess's Law</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39546/hesss-law-questions-1.html" title="Hess's Law questions">Hess's Law questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17774/bond-enthalpies-1.html" title="Bond enthalpies">Bond enthalpies</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24591/mc-test-bond-enthalpies-1.html" title="MC test: Bond enthalpies">MC test: Bond enthalpies</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39547/bond-enthalpy-questions--1.html" title="Bond enthalpy questions ">Bond enthalpy questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17776/energy-cycles--1.html" title="Energy cycles ">Energy cycles </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24593/mc-test-energy-cycles-1.html" title="MC test: Energy cycles">MC test: Energy cycles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39569/energy-cycles-questions--1.html" title="Energy cycles questions ">Energy cycles questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17780/entropy-spontaneity--1.html" title="Entropy & spontaneity ">Entropy & spontaneity </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24608/mc-test-entropy-spontaneity-1.html" title="MC test: Entropy & spontaneity">MC test: Entropy & spontaneity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39650/entropy-spontaneity-questions--1.html" title="Entropy & spontaneity questions ">Entropy & spontaneity questions </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17848/topics-6-16-1.html" title="Topics 6 & 16">Topics 6 & 16</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17850/collision-theory-rates-of-reaction-1.html" title="Collision theory & rates of reaction">Collision theory & rates of reaction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24640/mc-test-collision-theory-rates-of-reaction-1.html" title="MC test: Collision theory & rates of reaction">MC test: Collision theory & rates of reaction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40946/collision-theory-questions-1.html" title="Collision theory questions">Collision theory questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40947/rates-of-reaction-questions-1.html" title="Rates of reaction questions">Rates of reaction questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17870/rate-expression-reaction-mechanism-1.html" title="Rate expression & reaction mechanism">Rate expression & reaction mechanism</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24645/mc-test-rate-expression-reaction-mechanisms-1.html" title="MC test: Rate expression & reaction mechanisms">MC test: Rate expression & reaction mechanisms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40949/rate-expression-questions-1.html" title="Rate expression questions">Rate expression questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40950/reaction-mechanisms-questions-1.html" title="Reaction mechanisms questions">Reaction mechanisms questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17876/activation-energy-1.html" title="Activation energy">Activation energy</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24651/mc-test-activation-energy-1.html" title="MC test: Activation energy">MC test: Activation energy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40954/activation-energy-questions-1.html" title="Activation energy questions">Activation energy questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18038/topics-7-17--1.html" title="Topics 7 & 17 ">Topics 7 & 17 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18040/equilibrium--1.html" title="Equilibrium ">Equilibrium </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24656/mc-test-equilibrium-1.html" title="MC test: Equilibrium">MC test: Equilibrium</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40959/equilibrium-questions-1.html" title="Equilibrium questions">Equilibrium questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18091/equilibrium-law--1.html" title="Equilibrium law ">Equilibrium law </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24660/mc-test-the-equilibrium-law-1.html" title="MC test: The equilibrium law">MC test: The equilibrium law</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40961/equilibrium-law-questions-1.html" title="Equilibrium law questions">Equilibrium law questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18120/topics-8-18--1.html" title="Topics 8 & 18 ">Topics 8 & 18 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18124/theories-of-acids-bases--1.html" title="Theories of acids & bases ">Theories of acids & bases </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24662/mc-test-theories-of-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Theories of acids & bases">MC test: Theories of acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40963/theories-of-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Theories of acids & bases questions">Theories of acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18126/properties-of-acids-bases-1.html" title="Properties of acids & bases">Properties of acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24663/mc-test-properties-of-acids-bases--1.html" title="MC test: Properties of acids & bases ">MC test: Properties of acids & bases </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40964/properties-of-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Properties of acids & bases questions">Properties of acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18140/ph-scale-1.html" title="pH scale">pH scale</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24668/mc-test-the-ph-scale-1.html" title="MC test: The pH scale">MC test: The pH scale</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40971/ph-scale-questions-1.html" title="pH scale questions">pH scale questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18152/strong-weak-acids-bases-1.html" title="Strong & weak acids & bases">Strong & weak acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24670/mc-test-strong-weak-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Strong & weak acids & bases">MC test: Strong & weak acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40972/strong-weak-acid-bases-questions-1.html" title="Strong & weak acid & bases questions">Strong & weak acid & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18156/acid-deposition-1.html" title="Acid deposition">Acid deposition</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24674/mc-test-acid-deposition-1.html" title="MC test: Acid deposition">MC test: Acid deposition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40983/acid-deposition-questions-1.html" title="Acid deposition questions">Acid deposition questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18160/lewis-acids-bases-1.html" title="Lewis acids & bases">Lewis acids & bases</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24710/mc-test-lewis-acids-bases-1.html" title="MC test: Lewis acids & bases">MC test: Lewis acids & bases</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40986/lewis-acids-bases-questions-1.html" title="Lewis acids & bases questions">Lewis acids & bases questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18250/acid-base-calculations-1.html" title="Acid base calculations">Acid base calculations</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24714/mc-test-calculations-involving-acids-bases--1.html" title="MC test: Calculations involving acids & bases ">MC test: Calculations involving acids & bases </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../40988/acid-base-calculations-questions--1.html" title="Acid-base calculations questions ">Acid-base calculations questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26161/ph-titration-curves-1.html" title="pH titration curves">pH titration curves</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../26158/mc-test-ph-curves-1.html" title="MC test: pH curves">MC test: pH curves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41000/ph-curves-questions--1.html" title="pH curves questions ">pH curves questions </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18350/topics-9-19-1.html" title="Topics 9 & 19">Topics 9 & 19</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18365/oxidation-reduction-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction">Oxidation & reduction</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24725/mc-test-oxidation-reduction-1.html" title="MC test: Oxidation & reduction">MC test: Oxidation & reduction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41033/oxidation-reduction-questions-1--1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (1) ">Oxidation & reduction questions (1) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41034/oxidation-reduction-questions-2-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (2)">Oxidation & reduction questions (2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41035/oxidation-reduction-questions-3-1.html" title="Oxidation & reduction questions (3)">Oxidation & reduction questions (3)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18383/electrochemical-cells-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells">Electrochemical cells</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24740/mc-test-electrochemical-cells-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemical cells">MC test: Electrochemical cells</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41072/electrochemical-cells-questions--1.html" title="Electrochemical cells questions ">Electrochemical cells questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18401/electrochemical-cells-ahl--1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (AHL) ">Electrochemical cells (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24742/mc-test-electrochemical-cells-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Electrochemical cells (AHL)">MC test: Electrochemical cells (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41098/electrochemical-cells-1-ahl-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (1) (AHL) questions">Electrochemical cells (1) (AHL) questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41099/electrochemical-cells-2-ahl-questions-1.html" title="Electrochemical cells (2) (AHL) questions">Electrochemical cells (2) (AHL) questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18475/topics-10-20--1.html" title="Topics 10 & 20 ">Topics 10 & 20 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18497/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry--1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry ">Fundamentals of organic chemistry </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24749/mc-test-fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-1.html" title="MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry">MC test: Fundamentals of organic chemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41111/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-1-questions-1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry (1) questions">Fundamentals of organic chemistry (1) questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41112/fundamentals-of-organic-chemistry-2-questions-1.html" title="Fundamentals of organic chemistry (2) questions">Fundamentals of organic chemistry (2) questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18597/alkanes-alkenes-addition-polymers-1.html" title="Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers">Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24750/mc-test-alkanes-alkenes-addition-polymers-1.html" title="MC test: Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers">MC test: Alkanes, alkenes & addition polymers</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41121/alkanes-questions-1.html" title="Alkanes questions">Alkanes questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41124/alkenes-questions-1.html" title="Alkenes questions">Alkenes questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18741/alcohols--1.html" title="Alcohols ">Alcohols </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24772/mc-test-alcohols-1.html" title="MC test: Alcohols">MC test: Alcohols</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41125/alcohols-questions-1.html" title="Alcohols questions">Alcohols questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18742/halogenoalkanes-benzene--1.html" title="Halogenoalkanes & benzene ">Halogenoalkanes & benzene </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24797/mc-test-halogenoalkanes-benzene-1.html" title="MC test: Halogenoalkanes & benzene">MC test: Halogenoalkanes & benzene</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41130/halogenoalkanes-benzene-questions-1.html" title="Halogenoalkanes & benzene questions">Halogenoalkanes & benzene questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18762/nucleophilic-substitution--1.html" title="Nucleophilic substitution ">Nucleophilic substitution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24757/mc-test-nucleophilic-substitution-1.html" title="MC test: Nucleophilic substitution">MC test: Nucleophilic substitution</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41138/nucleophilic-substitution-questions-1.html" title="Nucleophilic substitution questions">Nucleophilic substitution questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18766/electrophilic-addition--1.html" title="Electrophilic addition ">Electrophilic addition </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24805/mc-test-electrophilic-addition-electrophilic-substitution-reacti-2.html" title="MC test: Electrophilic addition & electrophilic substitution reactions">MC test: Electrophilic addition & electrophilic substitution reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41148/electrophilic-addition-questions-1.html" title="Electrophilic addition questions">Electrophilic addition questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18780/electrophilic-substitution--2.html" title="Electrophilic substitution ">Electrophilic substitution </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41149/electrophilic-substitution-questions-1.html" title="Electrophilic substitution questions">Electrophilic substitution questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18793/reduction-reactions--1.html" title="Reduction reactions ">Reduction reactions </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24811/mc-test-reduction-reactions-1.html" title="MC test: Reduction reactions">MC test: Reduction reactions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41150/reduction-reactions-questions-1.html" title="Reduction reactions questions">Reduction reactions questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18797/synthetic-routes--1.html" title="Synthetic routes ">Synthetic routes </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24822/mc-test-synthetic-routes-1.html" title="MC test: Synthetic routes">MC test: Synthetic routes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41152/synthetic-routes-questions--1.html" title="Synthetic routes questions ">Synthetic routes questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18844/stereoisomerism--1.html" title="Stereoisomerism ">Stereoisomerism </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24817/mc-test-stereoisomerism-1.html" title="MC test: Stereoisomerism">MC test: Stereoisomerism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../41166/stereoisomerism-questions-1.html" title="Stereoisomerism questions">Stereoisomerism questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17285/topics-11-21--1.html" title="Topics 11 & 21 ">Topics 11 & 21 </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17276/uncertainty-errors--1.html" title="Uncertainty & errors ">Uncertainty & errors </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24818/mc-test-uncertainties-errors-1.html" title="MC test: Uncertainties & errors">MC test: Uncertainties & errors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../38869/uncertainty-error-questions--1.html" title="Uncertainty & error questions ">Uncertainty & error questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../15014/graphical-techniques-1.html" title="Graphical techniques">Graphical techniques</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24819/mc-test-graphical-techniques-1.html" title="MC test: Graphical techniques">MC test: Graphical techniques</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39387/graphical-techniques-questions--1.html" title="Graphical techniques questions ">Graphical techniques questions </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../18968/spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-1.html" title="Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds">Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24820/mc-test-spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds--1.html" title="MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds ">MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39388/index-of-hydrogen-deficiency-questions-1.html" title="Index of hydrogen deficiency questions">Index of hydrogen deficiency questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39351/identification-from-spectra-question-1-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 1">Identification from spectra - Question 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39353/identification-from-spectra-question-2-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 2">Identification from spectra - Question 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39354/identification-from-spectra-question-3-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 3">Identification from spectra - Question 3</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39355/identification-from-spectra-question-4-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 4">Identification from spectra - Question 4</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39356/identification-from-spectra-question-5-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 5">Identification from spectra - Question 5</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39357/identification-from-spectra-question-6-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 6">Identification from spectra - Question 6</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39358/identification-from-spectra-question-7-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 7">Identification from spectra - Question 7</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39359/identification-from-spectra-question-8-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 8">Identification from spectra - Question 8</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39360/identification-from-spectra-question-9-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 9">Identification from spectra - Question 9</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39361/identification-from-spectra-question-10-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 10">Identification from spectra - Question 10</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../19027/spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-ahl--1.html" title="Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL) ">Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL) </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../24821/mc-test-spectroscopic-identification-of-organic-compounds-ahl-1.html" title="MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL)">MC test: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds (AHL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39375/identification-from-spectra-question-11-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 11">Identification from spectra - Question 11</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39376/identification-from-spectra-question-12-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 12">Identification from spectra - Question 12</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39377/identification-from-spectra-question-13-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 13">Identification from spectra - Question 13</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39378/identification-from-spectra-question-14-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 14">Identification from spectra - Question 14</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39379/identification-from-spectra-question-15-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 15">Identification from spectra - Question 15</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39380/identification-from-spectra-question-16-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 16">Identification from spectra - Question 16</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39381/identification-from-spectra-question-17-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 17">Identification from spectra - Question 17</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39382/identification-from-spectra-question-18-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 18">Identification from spectra - Question 18</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39383/identification-from-spectra-question-19-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 19">Identification from spectra - Question 19</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../39385/identification-from-spectra-question-20-1.html" title="Identification from spectra - Question 20">Identification from spectra - Question 20</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16441/the-nature-of-science-1.html" title="The Nature of Science">The Nature of Science</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16450/key-terms-concepts-1.html" title="Key terms & concepts">Key terms & concepts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../34566/nos-critical-thinking-1.html" title="NOS & Critical Thinking">NOS & Critical Thinking</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../32100/how-the-elements-were-named-1.html" title="How the elements were named">How the elements were named</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../36753/the-culture-of-chemistry-1.html" title="The Culture of Chemistry">The Culture of Chemistry</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17333/nature-of-science-questions-1.html" title="Nature of Science questions">Nature of Science questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16413/incorporating-im-tok-utilization-etc-1.html" title="Incorporating IM, TOK, 'Utilization' etc.">Incorporating IM, TOK, 'Utilization' etc.</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16414/topic-1-1.html" title="Topic 1">Topic 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../16916/topics-2-12-1.html" title="Topics 2 & 12">Topics 2 & 12</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17023/topics-3-13--1.html" title="Topics 3 & 13 ">Topics 3 & 13 </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a 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Acids & bases (2) ">8 & 18. Acids & bases (2) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17417/9-19-redox-processes-1--1.html" title="9 & 19 Redox processes (1) ">9 & 19 Redox processes (1) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17418/9-19-redox-processes-2--1.html" title="9 & 19. Redox processes (2) ">9 & 19. Redox processes (2) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17413/10-20-organic-chemistry-1--1.html" title="10 & 20. Organic chemistry (1) ">10 & 20. Organic chemistry (1) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a href="../17415/10-20-organic-chemistry-2--1.html" title="10 & 20. Organic chemistry (2) ">10 & 20. 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</div><section id="main-content"><h1><span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; color: rgb(0, 51, 102); font-weight: bold; "><img alt="Standard Level" class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png" title="Standard Level"> Oxidation and reduction</span></h1>
<p><strong>For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.</strong></p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>1.</strong> Which is correct statement about reduction?</p>
<p>A. It involves the loss of hydrogen.</p>
<p>B. It involves the addition of oxygen.</p>
<p>C. It involves the addition of electrons.</p>
<p>D. It involves an increase in oxidation number.</p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>2.</strong> In which species does manganese have an oxidation state of +3?</p>
<p>A. MnSO<sub>4</sub></p>
<p>B. KMnO<sub>4</sub></p>
<p>C. Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>D. MnO<sub>2</sub></p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>3.</strong> What is the correct name for FeSO<sub>4</sub>?</p>
<p>A. iron(II) sulfite</p>
<p>B. iron(III) sulfite</p>
<p>C. iron(II) sulfate</p>
<p>D. iron(II) sulfide</p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p><strong>4.</strong> What change occurs to vanadium during the conversion of VO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq) to VO<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>?</p>
<p>A. It undergoes reduction and its oxidation state changes from + 5 to +4.</p>
<p>B. It undergoes reduction and its oxidation state changes from +3 to +2</p>
<p>C. It undergoes oxidation and its oxidation state changes from –1 to +2</p>
<p>D. It undergoes oxidation and its oxidation state changes from +6 to +2</p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>5.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What are the oxidation states of the elements in sulfuric acid, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p><img alt="" class="left noborder" height="200" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Multiple choice scans/Redox SL 5.jpg" width="459"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<hr class="hidden">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>6.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which are correct statements?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>The oxidation state of oxygen in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is –1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The oxidation state of nitrogen in N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> is –2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The oxidation state of hydrogen in MgH<sub>2</sub> is –1</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I</strong> and<strong> II</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong>II</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>7. </strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which change involves nitrogen being oxidized?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NO<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NO</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>8.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which is correct about the following reaction?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2I<sup>–</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I<sub>2</sub>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2Cl<sup>–</sup>(aq)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I<sup>–</sup>(aq) gains electrons and is reduced.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(aq) loses electrons and is reduced.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I<sup>–</sup>(aq) loses electrons and is oxidized.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(aq) gains electrons and is oxidized.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>9.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>Which changes are examples of reduction?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cu<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cu<sup>+</sup></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>NH<sub>3</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>MnO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span> </span><strong><span> </span>I</strong> and<strong> II</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">B.<span> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">C.<span> </span><strong>II</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">D.<span> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>10.</strong> Which is the correct order of the decreasing oxidising ability of the group 17 elements (strongest oxidizing agent first)?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>F<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I<sub>2</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>F<sub>2</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>F<sub>2</sub></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>F<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>> I<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>11.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which reaction is not a redox reaction?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>S(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2HCl(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>S(s)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Zn(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2HCl(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>ZnCl<sub>2</sub>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ag<sup>+</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">(aq) </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cl<sup>–</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>AgCl(s)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3H<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>(g)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>12.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In which reactions are carbon atoms oxidized?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>CH<sub>3</sub>CHO +<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2H<sup>+</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2e<sup>–</sup></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Br<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Br<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>OH<sup>–</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Br<sup>–</sup></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">A.<span> </span><strong><span> </span>I</strong> and<strong> II</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">B.<span> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">C.<span> </span><strong>II</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">D.<span> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>13.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What is the coefficient for H<sup>+</sup>(aq) when the redox equation below is balanced ?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Fe<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq) + <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>H<sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq) + </span>H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>5</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>8</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>14.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which is the correct combination of statements for the following reaction?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>–</sup><sup>-</sup> (aq) +<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(l)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>8H<sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>2Cr<sup>3</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3O<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>7H­<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img alt="" class="left noborder" height="200" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Multiple choice scans/Redox SL 14.jpg" width="567"></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>15.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>A voltaic cell is constructed from a half-cell consisting of a piece of iron in a solution of iron(II) ions connected to a half-cell consisting of a piece of copper in a solution of copper(II) ions. Iron is more reactive than copper. Which statement is correct?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Iron atoms lose electrons.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Electrons flow from the copper half-cell to the iron half-cell.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The mass of the negative electrode increases.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The concentration of Cu<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq) ions increases.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>16.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Consider the following reactions which all occur in solution at room temperature.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Fe(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cu<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Fe<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> +<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Cu(s)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mg(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Zn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Mg<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Zn(s)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Zn(s)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>+<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Fe<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup>(aq)<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>→<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Zn<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> +<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Fe(s)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Which is the correct combination of the strongest oxidizing agent and the strongest reducing <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>agent?</p>
<p><img alt="" class="left noborder" height="200" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Multiple choice scans/Redox SL 16.jpg" width="598"></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>17.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What process occurs at the positive electrode in a voltaic cell and in an electrolytic cell?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img alt="" class="noborder" height="221" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Multiple choice scans/Table for 9 and 19.1.jpg" width="471"></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>18.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>Which occur during the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Chlorine gas forms at the positive electrode</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Electrons flow through the molten liquid</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Reduction occurs at the negative electrode</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span> </span><strong><span> </span>I</strong> and<strong> II</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">B.<span> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">C.<span> </span><strong>II</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">D.<span> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>19.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which are correct statements about cells?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>I.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Electrolytic cells contain a salt bridge</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>II.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></strong>In a voltaic cell electrons are produced at the negative electrode</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>III.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In an electrolytic cell cations accept electrons at the negative electrode</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">A.<span> </span><strong><span> </span>I</strong> and<strong> II</strong> only</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">B.<span> </span><strong>I</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; ">C.<span> </span><strong>II</strong> and<strong> III</strong> only</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span> </span><strong>I</strong>, <strong>II</strong> and <strong>III</strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>20.</strong><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Which statement is correct about how current is conducted in an electrolytic cell?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Electrons move through the electrolyte and the external circuit.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">B.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ions move through the electrolyte and through the external circuit.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">C.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ions move through the salt bridge and electrons move through the external circuit.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">D.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Ions move through the electrolyte and electrons move through the external circuit.</p>
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<h2><img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png"> Answers</h2>
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<p><strong>1.</strong> C, <strong> 2.</strong> C, <strong>3.</strong> C, <strong> 4. </strong>A, <strong> 5.</strong> B, <strong> 6.</strong> D, <strong>7.</strong> D, <strong>8.</strong> C, <strong> 9.</strong> B, <strong>10.</strong> A,</p>
<p><strong>11.</strong> C, <strong>12.</strong> A, <strong>13.</strong> D, <strong>14.</strong> B, <strong>15.</strong> A, <strong>16.</strong> B, <strong>17.</strong> C, <strong>18.</strong> B, <strong>19.</strong> C, <strong>20.</strong> D.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">Download the </span>Redox processes<span style="mso-tab-count:1"><a href="/media/ib/chemistry/files/2014%20Multiple%20choice/sl-topic-9-redox-processes.pdf"> <img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/standard-1.png"> Topic 9 MC test <img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/choice-1.png"> </a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">Download the answer grid with the correct answers to cut out for <a href="/media/ib/chemistry/files/2014%20Multiple%20choice/Answers/SL-Topic-9-Redox-processes-answers.pdf">Topic 9 MC Answers <img class="ico" src="../../../img/icons/teacher-notes.png"> </a></span></p>
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