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href="../22093/glossary-break-even-analysis.html" title="Glossary: Break-even analysis">Glossary: Break-even analysis</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21747/34-final-accounts.html" title="3.4 Final accounts">3.4 Final accounts</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31367/glossary-final-accounts.html" title="Glossary: Final accounts">Glossary: Final accounts</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21748/35-profitability-and-liquidity-ratio-analysis.html" title="3.5 Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis">3.5 Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25111/glossary-profitability-and-liquidity-ratio-analysis.html" title="Glossary: Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis">Glossary: Profitability and liquidity ratio analysis</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21749/36-efficiency-ratio-analysis-hl-only.html" title="3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)">3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25114/glossary-efficiency-ratios.html" title="Glossary: Efficiency ratios">Glossary: Efficiency ratios</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21750/37-cash-flow.html" title="3.7 Cash flow">3.7 Cash flow</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25118/cash-flow-forecasts.html" title="Cash flow forecasts">Cash flow forecasts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31376/glossary-cash-flow.html" title="Glossary: Cash flow">Glossary: Cash flow</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21751/38-investment-appraisal.html" title="3.8 Investment appraisal">3.8 Investment appraisal</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31377/glossary-investment-appraisal-.html" title="Glossary: Investment appraisal ">Glossary: Investment appraisal </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21752/39-budgets-hl-only.html" title="3.9 Budgets (HL only)">3.9 Budgets (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31378/39-budgets-hl-only-glossary.html" title="3.9 Budgets (HL Only) Glossary">3.9 Budgets (HL Only) Glossary</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21684/unit-4.html" title="Unit 4">Unit 4</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21767/41-the-role-of-marketing.html" title="4.1 The role of marketing">4.1 The role of marketing</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25618/glossary-the-role-of-marketing.html" title="Glossary: The role of marketing">Glossary: The role of marketing</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21768/42-marketing-planning.html" title="4.2 Marketing planning">4.2 Marketing planning</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28328/glossary-marketing-planning.html" title="Glossary: Marketing planning">Glossary: Marketing planning</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21769/43-sales-forecasting-hl-only.html" title="4.3 Sales forecasting (HL only)">4.3 Sales forecasting (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25713/glossary-sales-forecasting.html" title="Glossary: Sales forecasting">Glossary: Sales forecasting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21713/44-market-research.html" title="4.4 Market research">4.4 Market research</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25208/glossary-market-research.html" title="Glossary: Market research">Glossary: Market research</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21770/45-the-four-ps.html" title="4.5 The four Ps">4.5 The four Ps</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Product">Product</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22627/glossary-product.html" title="Glossary: Product">Glossary: Product</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22525/price.html" title="Price">Price</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22548/glossary-price.html" title="Glossary: Price">Glossary: Price</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22567/promotion.html" title="Promotion">Promotion</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22704/45-promotion-glossary.html" title="4.5 Promotion - Glossary">4.5 Promotion - Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22745/place.html" title="Place">Place</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23813/45-place-glossary.html" title="4.5 Place - Glossary">4.5 Place - Glossary</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21774/46-the-extended-marketing-mix-7-ps-hl.html" title="4.6 The extended marketing mix (7 Ps) (HL)">4.6 The extended marketing mix (7 Ps) (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23814/glossary-the-extended-marketing-mix-hl.html" title="Glossary: The extended marketing mix (HL)">Glossary: The extended marketing mix (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21772/47-international-marketing-hl-only.html" title="4.7 International marketing (HL only)">4.7 International marketing (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23815/glossary-international-marketing-hl.html" title="Glossary: International Marketing (HL)">Glossary: International Marketing (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21773/48-e-commerce.html" title="4.8 E-commerce">4.8 E-commerce</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23797/glossary-e-commerce.html" title="Glossary: E-commerce">Glossary: E-commerce</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21688/unit-5.html" title="Unit 5">Unit 5</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21937/51-the-role-of-operations-management.html" title="5.1 The role of operations management">5.1 The role of operations management</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24843/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21938/52-production-methods.html" title="5.2 Production methods">5.2 Production methods</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24848/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21939/53-lean-production-quality-management-hl.html" title="5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)">5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24839/glossary-lean-production-and-quality-management.html" title="Glossary: Lean Production and quality management">Glossary: Lean Production and quality management</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21700/54-location.html" title="5.4 Location">5.4 Location</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24959/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21695/55-production-planning-hl.html" title="5.5 Production planning (HL)">5.5 Production planning (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25032/glossary-production-planning.html" title="Glossary: Production planning">Glossary: Production planning</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33222/56-research-development-hl.html" title="5.6 Research & development (HL)">5.6 Research & development (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34014/glossary-research-development.html" title="Glossary: Research & Development">Glossary: Research & Development</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21941/57-crisis-management-contingency-planning-hl.html" title="5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)">5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25042/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25115/cuegis.html" title="CUEGIS">CUEGIS</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="The 6 CUEGIS concepts">The 6 CUEGIS concepts</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21954/mcdonalds-supersize-me.html" title="McDonald's - Supersize Me">McDonald's - Supersize Me</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="The CUEGIS essay">The CUEGIS essay</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22876/planning-your-cuegis-essay.html" title="Planning your CUEGIS essay">Planning your CUEGIS essay</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33806/paper-2-section-c-questions.html" title="Paper 2 Section C Questions">Paper 2 Section C Questions</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33959/the-ia.html" title="The IA">The IA</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="HL IA">HL IA</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22190/35-sample-research-questions-for-the-hl-ia.html" title="35 sample research questions for the HL IA">35 sample research questions for the HL IA</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22200/hl-ia-student-checklist.html" title="HL IA - Student Checklist">HL IA - Student Checklist</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33508/ia-hl-poster.html" title="IA HL Poster">IA HL Poster</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="SL IA">SL IA</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22146/sl-ia-20-sample-titles.html" title="SL IA - 20 Sample Titles">SL IA - 20 Sample Titles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38181/faq-about-the-sl-ia.html" title="FAQ about the SL IA">FAQ about the SL IA</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22114/exams.html" title="Exams">Exams</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22115/command-terms.html" title="Command Terms">Command Terms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36599/glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="Glossary of key terms">Glossary of key terms</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38059/flashcards-revision.html" title="Flashcards - Revision">Flashcards - Revision</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38060/flashcards-revision-unit-1.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 1)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 1)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38056/unit-11-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38061/unit-12-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38067/unit-13-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38092/unit-14-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38096/unit-15-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38102/unit-16-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.6 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.6 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38103/unit-17-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.7 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.7 Revision Flashcards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38114/flashcards-revision-unit-2.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 2)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 2)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38121/unit-21-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38125/unit-22-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38126/unit-23-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38144/unit-24-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38146/unit-25-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 2.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 2.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38147/unit-26-revision-flashcards-hl-only.html" title="Unit 2.6 Revision Flashcards (HL only)">Unit 2.6 Revision Flashcards (HL only)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38149/flashcards-revision-unit-3.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 3)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 3)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38153/unit-31-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38154/unit-32-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38182/unit-33-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38183/unit-34-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38191/unit-35-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38192/unit-36-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 3.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 3.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38193/unit-37-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.7 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.7 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38194/unit-38-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.8 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.8 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38195/unit-39-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 3.9 Revision Flashcards">Unit 3.9 Revision Flashcards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38196/flashcards-revision-unit-4.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 4)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 4)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38198/unit-41-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38203/unit-42-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38217/unit-43-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.3 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38218/unit-44-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38219/unit-45a-product-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5a Product Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5a Product Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38220/unit-45b-price-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5b Price Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5b Price Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38221/unit-45c-promotion-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5c Promotion Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5c Promotion Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38222/unit-45d-promotion-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.5d Promotion Revision Flashcards">Unit 4.5d Promotion Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38223/unit-46-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 4.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 4.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38224/unit-47-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 4.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 4.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38225/unit-48-e-commerce-flashcards.html" title="Unit 4.8 E-commerce Flashcards">Unit 4.8 E-commerce Flashcards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38232/flashcards-revision-unit-5.html" title="Flashcards - Revision (Unit 5)">Flashcards - Revision (Unit 5)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38233/unit-51-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 5.1 Revision Flashcards">Unit 5.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38234/unit-52-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 5.2 Revision Flashcards">Unit 5.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38235/unit-53-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.3 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.3 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38236/unit-54-revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 5.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 5.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38237/unit-55-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.5 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.5 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38238/unit-56-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.6 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../38239/unit-57-revision-flashcards-hl.html" title="Unit 5.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)">Unit 5.7 Revision Flashcards (HL)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33830/formulae-quiz.html" title="Formulae Quiz">Formulae Quiz</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Paper 1 Pre-release case study">Paper 1 Pre-release case study</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44969/n22-case-study-ele-plc.html" title="N22 Case Study (ELE PLC)">N22 Case Study (ELE PLC)</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="M22 (Peacewick Uni)">M22 (Peacewick Uni)</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44106/additional-exam-questions-paper-1.html" title="Additional exam questions (Paper 1)">Additional exam questions (Paper 1)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32840/may-2020-p-s-trawlers.html" title="May 2020 (P&S Trawlers)">May 2020 (P&S Trawlers)</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="M23 Paper 1">M23 Paper 1</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../47825/paper-1-svt-study-guide-shirin-karimi.html" title="Paper 1 SVT Study Guide (Shirin Karimi)">Paper 1 SVT Study Guide (Shirin Karimi)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26095/exam-study-tips-resources.html" title="Exam & Study tips (resources)">Exam & Study tips (resources)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31342/revision-exams-top-tips.html" title="Revision & Exams - Top tips">Revision & Exams - Top tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../47460/top-tips-for-m23-exams.html" title="Top Tips for M23 Exams">Top Tips for M23 Exams</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43522/unit-1-intro-to-bm.html" title="Unit 1 - Intro to BM">Unit 1 - Intro to BM</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44034/11-what-is-a-business.html" title="1.1 What is a business?">1.1 What is a business?</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399695.html" title="The nature of business">The nature of business</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399694.html" title="Primary, secondary, tertiary, & quaternary sectors">Primary, secondary, tertiary, & quaternary sectors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399693.html" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399692.html" title="Challenges & opportunities for starting a business">Challenges & opportunities for starting a business</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399691.html" title="1.1 True or False Quiz">1.1 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399690.html" title="1.1 Revision Flashcards">1.1 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399689.html" title="1.1 Glossary of key terms">1.1 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399681.html" title="1.2 Types of business entities">1.2 Types of business entities</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399688.html" title="Public & private sectors">Public & private sectors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399687.html" title="Types of for-profit organizations">Types of for-profit organizations</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399686.html" title="For-profit social enterprises">For-profit social enterprises</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399685.html" title="Non-profit social enterprises">Non-profit social enterprises</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399684.html" title="True or False quiz">True or False quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399683.html" title="1.2 Revision Flashcards">1.2 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399682.html" title="1.2 Glossary of key terms">1.2 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44041/13-business-objectives.html" title="1.3 Business objectives">1.3 Business objectives</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399679.html" title="Vision and mission statements">Vision and mission statements</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399680.html" title="Common business objectives">Common business objectives</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399678.html" title="Strategic & tactical objectives">Strategic & tactical objectives</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399677.html" title="Corporate social responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399676.html" title="1.3 Revision Flashcards">1.3 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399674.html" title="True or False quiz">True or False quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399675.html" title="1.3 Glossary of Key terms">1.3 Glossary of Key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44044/14-stakeholders.html" title="1.4 Stakeholders">1.4 Stakeholders</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399673.html" title="The interests of stakeholders">The interests of stakeholders</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399672.html" title="Conflict between stakeholders">Conflict between stakeholders</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399670.html" title="Unit 1.4 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.4 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399669.html" title="1.4 True or False">1.4 True or False</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399671.html" title="1.4 Glossary of Key terms">1.4 Glossary of Key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44045/15-growth-and-evolution.html" title="1.5 Growth and evolution">1.5 Growth and evolution</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44212/economies-diseconomies-of-scale.html" title="Economies & diseconomies of scale">Economies & diseconomies of scale</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44214/internal-and-external-growth.html" title="Internal and external growth">Internal and external growth</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44220/external-growth-methods.html" title="External growth methods">External growth methods</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44219/reasons-to-grow-or-stay-small.html" title="Reasons to grow or stay small">Reasons to grow or stay small</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45586/unit-15revision-flashcards.html" title="Unit 1.5 Revision Flashcards">Unit 1.5 Revision Flashcards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45450/true-or-false-quiz.html" title="True or False quiz">True or False quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43673/15-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="1.5 Glossary of key terms">1.5 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44046/16-multinational-companies.html" title="1.6 Multinational companies">1.6 Multinational companies</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44236/the-impact-of-mncs-on-host-countries-ao3.html" title="The impact of MNCs on host countries (AO3)">The impact of MNCs on host countries (AO3)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44240/video-documentaries-mncs.html" title="Video documentaries - MNCs">Video documentaries - MNCs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45587/16-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="1.6 Glossary of key terms">1.6 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43530/unit-2-hrm.html" title="Unit 2 - HRM">Unit 2 - HRM</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44253/21-introduction-to-hrm.html" title="2.1 Introduction to HRM">2.1 Introduction to HRM</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44256/role-of-hrm.html" title="Role of HRM">Role of HRM</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44257/factors-that-influence-hr-planning.html" title="Factors that influence HR planning">Factors that influence HR planning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44282/reasons-for-resistance-to-change.html" title="Reasons for resistance to change">Reasons for resistance to change</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44283/hr-strategies-for-reducing-the-impact-of-change-resistance-to-ch.html" title="HR strategies for reducing the impact of change & resistance to change">HR strategies for reducing the impact of change & resistance to change</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45458/21-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="2.1 True or False quiz">2.1 True or False quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43677/21-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="2.1 Glossary of key terms">2.1 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43875/22-organizational-structure.html" title="2.2 Organizational structure">2.2 Organizational structure</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44296/terminology-for-understanding-organizational-structures.html" title="Terminology for understanding organizational structures">Terminology for understanding organizational structures</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44310/types-of-organization-charts.html" title="Types of organization charts">Types of organization charts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44323/appropriateness-of-organizational-structures-and-external-factor.html" title="Appropriateness of organizational structures and external factors">Appropriateness of organizational structures and external factors</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44316/changes-in-organizational-structures-hl.html" title="Changes in organizational structures (HL)">Changes in organizational structures (HL)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44338/23-leadership-and-management.html" title="2.3 Leadership and management">2.3 Leadership and management</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44343/scientific-intuitive-management-hl.html" title="Scientific & intuitive management (HL)">Scientific & intuitive management (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44339/management-and-leadership.html" title="Management and leadership">Management and leadership</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44340/leadership-styles.html" title="Leadership styles">Leadership styles</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45462/23-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="2.3 True or False Quiz">2.3 True or False Quiz</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43829/24-motivation-and-demotivation.html" title="2.4 Motivation and demotivation">2.4 Motivation and demotivation</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44349/motivation-theories-sl-hl.html" title="Motivation theories (SL & HL)">Motivation theories (SL & HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44353/motivation-theories-hl.html" title="Motivation theories (HL)">Motivation theories (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44354/labour-turnover-hl.html" title="Labour turnover (HL)">Labour turnover (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44361/types-of-appraisal-hl.html" title="Types of appraisal (HL)">Types of appraisal (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44383/methods-of-recruitment-hl.html" title="Methods of recruitment (HL)">Methods of recruitment (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44382/internal-external-recruitment-hl.html" title="Internal & external recruitment (HL)">Internal & external recruitment (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44363/types-of-financial-rewards.html" title="Types of financial rewards">Types of financial rewards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44370/types-of-non-financial-rewards.html" title="Types of non-financial rewards">Types of non-financial rewards</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44371/types-of-training.html" title="Types of training">Types of training</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44390/25-organizational-corporate-culture-hl.html" title="2.5 Organizational (corporate) culture (HL)">2.5 Organizational (corporate) culture (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44392/organizational-culture-hl.html" title="Organizational culture (HL)">Organizational culture (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44393/types-of-organizational-culture-hl.html" title="Types of organizational culture (HL)">Types of organizational culture (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44394/cultural-clashes-hl.html" title="Cultural clashes (HL)">Cultural clashes (HL)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44247/26-communication.html" title="2.6 Communication">2.6 Communication</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43545/unit-3-finance.html" title="Unit 3 - Finance">Unit 3 - Finance</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44435/31-introduction-to-finance.html" title="3.1 Introduction to finance">3.1 Introduction to finance</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44431/31-introduction-to-finance-role-of-finance.html" title="3.1 Introduction to finance - role of finance">3.1 Introduction to finance - role of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45634/31-glossary-of-key-term.html" title="3.1 Glossary of key term">3.1 Glossary of key term</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44436/32-sources-of-finance.html" title="3.2 Sources of finance">3.2 Sources of finance</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44437/internal-sources-of-finance.html" title="Internal sources of finance">Internal sources of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44450/external-sources-of-finance.html" title="External sources of finance">External sources of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44479/appropriateness-of-sources-of-finance.html" title="Appropriateness of sources of finance">Appropriateness of sources of finance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45483/32-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.2 True or False Quiz">3.2 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43688/32-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.2 Glossary of key terms">3.2 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44486/33-costs-and-revenues.html" title="3.3 Costs and revenues">3.3 Costs and revenues</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44487/types-of-costs.html" title="Types of costs">Types of costs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44491/total-revenue-revenue-streams.html" title="Total revenue & revenue streams">Total revenue & revenue streams</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45484/33-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.3 True or false quiz">3.3 True or false quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45657/33-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.3 Glossary of key terms">3.3 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44492/34-final-accounts.html" title="3.4 Final accounts">3.4 Final accounts</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44527/the-purpose-of-accounts-to-different-stakeholders.html" title="The purpose of accounts to different stakeholders">The purpose of accounts to different stakeholders</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44577/profit-loss-account.html" title="Profit & loss account">Profit & loss account</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44579/balance-sheets.html" title="Balance sheets">Balance sheets</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44560/types-of-intangible-assets.html" title="Types of intangible assets">Types of intangible assets</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44585/depreciation-hl.html" title="Depreciation (HL)">Depreciation (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45919/34-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.4 True or False Quiz">3.4 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45658/34-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.4 Glossary of key terms">3.4 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44593/35-profitability-liquidity-ratio-analysis.html" title="3.5 Profitability & liquidity ratio analysis">3.5 Profitability & liquidity ratio analysis</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44595/profitability-ratios.html" title="Profitability ratios">Profitability ratios</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44626/liquidity-ratios.html" title="Liquidity ratios">Liquidity ratios</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45486/35-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.5 True or False Quiz">3.5 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45661/35-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.5 Glossary of key terms">3.5 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44627/36-efficiency-ratio-analysis-hl-only.html" title="3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)">3.6 Efficiency ratio analysis (HL only)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44805/efficiency-ratios-hl.html" title="Efficiency ratios (HL)">Efficiency ratios (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44633/insolvency-versus-bankruptcy.html" title="Insolvency versus bankruptcy">Insolvency versus bankruptcy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45488/36-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.6 True or False Quiz">3.6 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45662/36-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.6 Glossary of key terms">3.6 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44493/37-cash-flow.html" title="3.7 Cash flow">3.7 Cash flow</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44502/the-difference-between-profit-cash-flow.html" title="The difference between profit & cash flow">The difference between profit & cash flow</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44506/working-capital.html" title="Working capital">Working capital</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44557/liquidity-position.html" title="Liquidity position">Liquidity position</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44558/cash-flow-forecasts.html" title="Cash flow forecasts">Cash flow forecasts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44507/relationship-between-investment-profit-cash-flow.html" title="Relationship between investment, profit & cash flow">Relationship between investment, profit & cash flow</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44509/strategies-for-dealing-with-cash-flow-problems.html" title="Strategies for dealing with cash flow problems">Strategies for dealing with cash flow problems</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45493/37-true-or-false.html" title="3.7 True or False">3.7 True or False</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43687/37-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.7 Glossary of key terms">3.7 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44515/38-investment-appraisal.html" title="3.8 Investment appraisal">3.8 Investment appraisal</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44516/payback-period-average-rate-of-return.html" title="Payback period & Average rate of return">Payback period & Average rate of return</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44519/net-present-value-npv-hl.html" title="Net present value (NPV) (HL)">Net present value (NPV) (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45494/38-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.8 True or False Quiz">3.8 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43693/38-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.8 Glossary of key terms">3.8 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44564/39-budgets-hl.html" title="3.9 Budgets (HL)">3.9 Budgets (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44565/the-difference-between-cost-profit-centres.html" title="The difference between cost & profit centres">The difference between cost & profit centres</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44568/the-roles-of-cost-profit-centres.html" title="The roles of cost & profit centres">The roles of cost & profit centres</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44576/constructing-budgets.html" title="Constructing budgets">Constructing budgets</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44569/variances.html" title="Variances">Variances</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44571/the-importance-of-budgets-variances.html" title="The importance of budgets & variances">The importance of budgets & variances</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45495/39-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="3.9 True or False Quiz">3.9 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43694/39-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="3.9 Glossary of key terms">3.9 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43547/unit-4-marketing.html" title="Unit 4 - Marketing">Unit 4 - Marketing</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44637/41-introduction-to-marketing.html" title="4.1 Introduction to marketing">4.1 Introduction to marketing</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44638/market-orientation-vs-product-orientation.html" title="Market orientation vs Product orientation">Market orientation vs Product orientation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44639/market-share.html" title="Market share">Market share</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44641/market-growth.html" title="Market growth">Market growth</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44642/importance-of-market-share-market-leadership-hl.html" title="Importance of market share & market leadership (HL)">Importance of market share & market leadership (HL)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43695/41-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.1 Glossary of key terms">4.1 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43823/42-marketing-planning.html" title="4.2 Marketing planning">4.2 Marketing planning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44645/the-role-of-marketing-planning.html" title="The role of marketing planning">The role of marketing planning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44654/segmentation-targeting-and-positioning.html" title="Segmentation, targeting, and positioning">Segmentation, targeting, and positioning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44646/difference-between-niche-mass-market.html" title="Difference between niche & mass market">Difference between niche & mass market</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43821/the-importance-of-having-a-usp.html" title="The importance of having a USP">The importance of having a USP</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44655/how-organizations-differentiate-themselves.html" title="How organizations differentiate themselves">How organizations differentiate themselves</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43834/42-vocab-quiz.html" title="4.2 Vocab Quiz">4.2 Vocab Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45528/42-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="4.2 True or False Quiz">4.2 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43696/42-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.2 Glossary of key terms">4.2 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44660/43-sales-forecasting-hl.html" title="4.3 Sales forecasting (HL)">4.3 Sales forecasting (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44669/benefits-limitations-of-sales-forecasting.html" title="Benefits & limitations of sales forecasting">Benefits & limitations of sales forecasting</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45530/43-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="4.3 True or False Quiz">4.3 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43711/43-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.3 Glossary of key terms">4.3 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44679/44-market-research.html" title="4.4 Market research">4.4 Market research</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44680/why-how-organizations-carry-out-market-research.html" title="Why & how organizations carry out market research">Why & how organizations carry out market research</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44692/methodstechniques-of-primary-market-research.html" title="Methods/techniques of primary market research">Methods/techniques of primary market research</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44693/methodstechniques-of-secondary-market-research.html" title="Methods/techniques of secondary market research">Methods/techniques of secondary market research</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44694/qualitative-quantitative-research.html" title="Qualitative & quantitative research">Qualitative & quantitative research</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44695/methods-of-sampling.html" title="Methods of sampling">Methods of sampling</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45531/44-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="4.4 True or False Quiz">4.4 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43712/44-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.4 Glossary of key terms">4.4 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44720/45-the-seven-ps-of-the-marketing-mix.html" title="4.5 The seven Ps of the marketing mix">4.5 The seven Ps of the marketing mix</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44740/451-product.html" title="4.5.1 Product">4.5.1 Product</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44741/the-product-life-cycle.html" title="The product life cycle">The product life cycle</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44745/extension-strategies.html" title="Extension strategies">Extension strategies</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44981/relationship-between-the-plc-investment-profit-cash-flow.html" title="Relationship between the PLC, investment, profit & cash flow">Relationship between the PLC, investment, profit & cash flow</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44748/aspects-of-branding.html" title="Aspects of branding">Aspects of branding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44757/the-importance-of-branding.html" title="The importance of branding">The importance of branding</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45766/starterplenary-activity-anagrams-quiz-brands.html" title="Starter/Plenary activity - Anagrams Quiz (Brands)">Starter/Plenary activity - Anagrams Quiz (Brands)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45957/starterplenary-activity-whats-in-a-brand-name.html" title="Starter/Plenary activity - What's in a (brand) name?">Starter/Plenary activity - What's in a (brand) name?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43713/45-glossary-of-key-terms-product.html" title="4.5 Glossary of key terms (Product)">4.5 Glossary of key terms (Product)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42547/452-price.html" title="4.5.2 Price">4.5.2 Price</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43719/45-key-terms-price.html" title="4.5 Key Terms (Price)">4.5 Key Terms (Price)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44782/453-promotion.html" title="4.5.3 Promotion">4.5.3 Promotion</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44783/above-the-line-promotion.html" title="Above the line promotion">Above the line promotion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44795/below-the-line-promotion.html" title="Below the line promotion">Below the line promotion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44797/through-the-line-promotion.html" title="Through the line promotion">Through the line promotion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44801/social-media-marketing.html" title="Social media marketing">Social media marketing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43721/45-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.5 Glossary of key terms">4.5 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44803/454-place.html" title="4.5.4 Place">4.5.4 Place</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44804/the-importance-of-different-distribution-channels.html" title="The importance of different distribution channels">The importance of different distribution channels</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43722/45-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.5 Glossary of key terms">4.5 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44758/455-people.html" title="4.5.5 People">4.5.5 People</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44773/456-processes.html" title="4.5.6 Processes">4.5.6 Processes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44774/457-physical-evidence.html" title="4.5.7 Physical evidence">4.5.7 Physical evidence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44982/appropriate-marketing-mixes.html" title="Appropriate marketing mixes">Appropriate marketing mixes</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44697/46-international-marketing-hl.html" title="4.6 International marketing (HL)">4.6 International marketing (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44698/opportunities-threats-posed-by-entry-into-international-markets.html" title="Opportunities & threats posed by entry into international markets">Opportunities & threats posed by entry into international markets</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45537/46-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="4.6 True or False Quiz">4.6 True or False Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45736/46-glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="4.6 Glossary of key terms">4.6 Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43565/unit-5-operations-mgt.html" title="Unit 5 - Operations Mgt">Unit 5 - Operations Mgt</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44817/51-introduction-to-operations-management.html" title="5.1 Introduction to operations management">5.1 Introduction to operations management</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44818/the-role-of-operations-management.html" title="The role of operations management">The role of operations management</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44812/52-operations-methods.html" title="5.2 Operations methods">5.2 Operations methods</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44815/operations-methods.html" title="Operations methods">Operations methods</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44861/53-lean-production-quality-management-hl.html" title="5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)">5.3 Lean production & quality management (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44864/features-of-lean-production.html" title="Features of lean production">Features of lean production</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44872/methods-of-lean-production.html" title="Methods of lean production">Methods of lean production</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44874/cradle-to-cradle-design-manufacturing.html" title="Cradle to cradle design & manufacturing">Cradle to cradle design & manufacturing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44875/quality-control-quality-assurance.html" title="Quality control & quality assurance">Quality control & quality assurance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44876/methods-of-managing-quality.html" title="Methods of managing quality">Methods of managing quality</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44877/the-impact-of-lean-production-tqm.html" title="The impact of lean production & TQM">The impact of lean production & TQM</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44878/national-international-quality-standards.html" title="National & international quality standards">National & international quality standards</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44840/55-break-even-analysis.html" title="5.5 Break-even analysis">5.5 Break-even analysis</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44843/contribution.html" title="Contribution">Contribution</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44848/aspects-of-break-even-analysis.html" title="Aspects of break-even analysis">Aspects of break-even analysis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44851/changes-in-price-and-costs.html" title="Changes in price and costs">Changes in price and costs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44852/limitations-of-break-even-analysis.html" title="Limitations of break-even analysis">Limitations of break-even analysis</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44890/56-production-planning-hl.html" title="5.6 Production planning (HL)">5.6 Production planning (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44902/the-local-global-supply-chain-process.html" title="The local & global supply chain process">The local & global supply chain process</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44922/the-difference-between-jit-jic.html" title="The difference between JIT & JIC">The difference between JIT & JIC</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44931/stock-control-charts.html" title="Stock control charts">Stock control charts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44970/capacity-utilization-rate.html" title="Capacity utilization rate">Capacity utilization rate</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45125/defect-rate.html" title="Defect rate">Defect rate</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43832/productivity.html" title="Productivity">Productivity</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45187/cost-to-buy-cost-to-make.html" title="Cost to buy & Cost to make">Cost to buy & Cost to make</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46353/sinterklaas-putting-ctb-vs-ctm-into-practice.html" title="Sinterklaas - Putting CTB vs CTM into practice">Sinterklaas - Putting CTB vs CTM into practice</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45242/57-crisis-management-contingency-planning-hl.html" title="5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)">5.7 Crisis management & contingency planning (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45243/difference-between-crisis-management-contingency-planning.html" title="Difference between crisis management & contingency planning">Difference between crisis management & contingency planning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45268/impact-of-contingency-planning.html" title="Impact of contingency planning">Impact of contingency planning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45260/factors-that-affect-effective-crisis-management.html" title="Factors that affect effective crisis management">Factors that affect effective crisis management</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45554/57-true-or-false-quiz.html" title="5.7 True or False Quiz">5.7 True or False Quiz</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45669/59-management-information-systems-hl.html" title="5.9 Management Information Systems (HL)">5.9 Management Information Systems (HL)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42633/data-analytics.html" title="Data analytics">Data analytics</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45861/database.html" title="Database">Database</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44966/cybersecurity-and-cybercrime.html" title="Cybersecurity and cybercrime">Cybersecurity and cybercrime</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45859/critical-infrastructures.html" title="Critical infrastructures">Critical infrastructures</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46175/virtual-reality.html" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45862/the-internet-of-things.html" title="The internet of things">The internet of things</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45858/artificial-intelligence.html" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42634/big-data.html" title="Big data">Big data</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43392/customer-loyalty-programmes.html" title="Customer loyalty programmes">Customer loyalty programmes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43395/digital-taylorism.html" title="Digital Taylorism">Digital Taylorism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45671/data-mining.html" title="Data mining">Data mining</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45856/benefits-risks-ethical-implications-of-mis.html" title="Benefits, risks, & ethical implications of MIS">Benefits, risks, & ethical implications of MIS</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42640/bmt-.html" title="BMT ">BMT </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399696.html" title="BMT 1 - SWOT analysis">BMT 1 - SWOT analysis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399697.html" title="BMT 2 - Ansoff matrix">BMT 2 - Ansoff matrix</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44027/bmt-3-steeple-analysis.html" title="BMT 3 - STEEPLE analysis">BMT 3 - STEEPLE analysis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42577/bmt-4-boston-consulting-group-matrix.html" title="BMT 4 - Boston Consulting Group matrix">BMT 4 - Boston Consulting Group matrix</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42956/bmt-5-business-plans.html" title="BMT 5 - Business plans">BMT 5 - Business plans</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43606/bmt-6-decision-trees.html" title="BMT 6 - Decision trees">BMT 6 - Decision trees</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42362/bmt-7-descriptive-statistics.html" title="BMT 7 - Descriptive statistics">BMT 7 - Descriptive statistics</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42226/bmt-8-circular-business-models.html" title="BMT 8 - Circular Business Models">BMT 8 - Circular Business Models</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43605/bmt-9-gantt-chart-hl-only.html" title="BMT 9 - Gantt chart (HL only)">BMT 9 - Gantt chart (HL only)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42214/bmt-10-porters-generic-strategies-hl-only.html" title="BMT 10 - Porter's generic strategies (HL only)">BMT 10 - Porter's generic strategies (HL only)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42216/bmt-11-hofstedes-cultural-dimensions-hl-only.html" title="BMT 11 - Hofstede's cultural dimensions (HL only)">BMT 11 - Hofstede's cultural dimensions (HL only)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/399698.html" title="BMT 12 - Force field analysis (HL only)">BMT 12 - Force field analysis (HL only)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42375/bmt-13-critical-path-analysis-hl-only.html" title="BMT 13 - Critical path analysis (HL only)">BMT 13 - Critical path analysis (HL only)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42344/bmt-14-contribution-hl-only-.html" title="BMT 14 - Contribution (HL only) ">BMT 14 - Contribution (HL only) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42311/bmt-15-simple-linear-regression-hl-only.html" title="BMT 15 - Simple linear regression (HL only)">BMT 15 - Simple linear regression (HL only)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42758/concepts.html" title="Concepts">Concepts</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43633/creativity.html" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43631/ethics.html" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43435/sustainability.html" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43668/change.html" title="Change">Change</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../42836/ia-.html" title="IA ">IA </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44415/formulating-suitable-ia-questions.html" title="Formulating suitable IA questions">Formulating suitable IA questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../47685/supporting-documents-for-the-ia.html" title="Supporting documents for the IA">Supporting documents for the IA</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../47840/top-tips-for-the-ia-primary-research.html" title="Top tips for the IA – Primary research">Top tips for the IA – Primary research</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44047/50-sample-ia-research-questions.html" title="50+ Sample IA research questions">50+ Sample IA research questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46719/recommended-format-for-the-ia.html" title="Recommended format for the IA">Recommended format for the IA</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43603/exams.html" title="Exams">Exams</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44091/paper-1.html" title="Paper 1">Paper 1</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Paper 2">Paper 2</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46637/01-ikea.html" title="01 - IKEA">01 - IKEA</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45839/quantitative-techniques.html" title="Quantitative techniques">Quantitative techniques</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46025/abbreviations-quiz.html" title="Abbreviations Quiz">Abbreviations Quiz</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43740/command-terms.html" title="Command terms">Command terms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../45612/glossary-of-key-terms.html" title="Glossary of key terms">Glossary of key terms</a></li></ul><li class="ancestor parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../33955/the-core.html" title="The Core">The Core</a></li><ul class="level-1 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34902/cas-bm.html" title="CAS & BM">CAS & BM</a></li><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../21665/the-ee.html" title="The EE">The EE</a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21934/the-bm-extended-essay.html" title="The BM Extended Essay">The BM Extended Essay</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32857/ee-planning-form.html" title="EE Planning form">EE Planning form</a></li><li class="current" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="managing-the-ee-process.html" title="Managing the EE process">Managing the EE process</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37496/top-10-tips-for-the-bm-ee.html" title="Top 10 tips for the BM EE">Top 10 tips for the BM EE</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21930/70-top-bm-ee-research-questions.html" title="70 top BM EE Research Questions">70 top BM EE Research Questions</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22196/tools-techniques-theories-for-the-ee.html" title="Tools, techniques & theories for the EE">Tools, techniques & theories for the EE</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44048/the-triple-bottom-line.html" title="The triple bottom line">The triple bottom line</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21836/understanding-the-assessment-criteria.html" title="Understanding the assessment criteria">Understanding the assessment criteria</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37960/reflections-and-engagement-in-the-ee.html" title="Reflections and engagement in the EE">Reflections and engagement in the EE</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../41874/the-mandatory-reflection-sessions.html" title="The mandatory reflection sessions">The mandatory reflection sessions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37659/top-10-tips-for-completing-the-rppf.html" title="Top 10 Tips for completing the RPPF">Top 10 Tips for completing the RPPF</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21945/academic-integrity-the-ee.html" title="Academic Integrity & the EE">Academic Integrity & the EE</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right 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class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Distance Learning">Distance Learning</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39730/financial-literacy-simulation-game.html" title="Financial literacy simulation game">Financial literacy simulation game</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34551/starter-activities-business-management-trivia-quizzes.html" title="Starter Activities - Business Management Trivia Quizzes">Starter Activities - Business Management Trivia Quizzes</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33511/glossary-of-key-terms-index.html" title="Glossary of key terms - index">Glossary of key terms - index</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" 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<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="managing-the-ee-process" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">Managing the EE process</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../businessmanagement.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">The Core</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><a title="Go to: The EE" href="../21665/the-ee.html">The EE</a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">Managing the EE process</span></li></ul>
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<div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Managing the Extended Essay process - Introduction</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p><img alt="" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/essay.png" style="width: 360px; height: 206px;"></p><p>The Extended Essay is a core element of the IB Diploma Programme (along with <a href="../34902/cas-bm.html" title="The Core » CAS & BM">CAS</a> and <a href="../25192/tok-bm.html" title="The Core » TOK & BM">Theory of Knowledge</a>). To succeed in the IB Diploma, you will need to make sure that you are familiar with the formal requirements of the <a href="../21665/the-ee.html" title="The Core » The EE">Extended Essay</a>, such as the formulation of an appropriate research question, writing the essay within the 4,000-word limit, and including proper citation and referencing (C&R) throughout your essay. This section of the InThinking Business Management website provides practical advice to help students manage the EE process.</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Understanding the formal requirements</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p><img alt="" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/study.jpg" style="width: 320px; height: 196px;"></p><p>The Extended Essay is an opportunity for students to engage in an academic piece of writing on a topic of direct interest to them. The English proverb <em>“Nothing ventured, nothing gained”</em> is fitting, as essentially this means nothing meaningful can be achieved without effort. The EE provides you with the unique opportunity to independently explore an academic issue in depth, beyond the constraints of the classroom and beyond the scope of the Business Management syllabus where appropriate, but with the advice and support of an EE supervisor.</p><p>Make sure you are clear about the formal requirements of the EE, including the <a href="../21836/understanding-the-assessment-criteria.html" title="The Core » The EE » Understanding the assessment criteria">assessment criteria</a> against which your essay will be marked. You should refer to the assessment criteria – get a copy from your EE supervisor or click the InThinking link <a href="../21836/understanding-the-assessment-criteria.html" title="The Core » The EE » Understanding the assessment criteria">here</a> for further advice.<em> Also note that the Extended Essay must focus on the use of secondary research, although primary research can be used to support this if it is purposeful to do so, and if it adds value to the discussions.</em></p><p>It is also important to refer to the subject-specific advice in the Extended Essay Guide for details and clarification of the requirements for your chosen subject. A vital step in the process is to formulate a <u>probing research question</u> that is <u>worthy of study</u>. Check with your EE supervisor if in doubt. Also ask your supervisor for help with the <u>structure</u> and <u>format</u> of the essay.</p><p>One frequently asked question is the timeframe for EE - how far back can students go to formulate and investigate a particular issue? Consider the above advice (the RQ must be probing and worth of academic study) before you attempt to answer this important question.</p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"><em>So, just how far back can/should students go with their research question for the EE?</em></span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Students often propose research questions for the EE that are not probing nor worthy of academic investigation, but are based on issues of a purely historical nature. For example:</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;"></span></p><ul><li><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">To what extent has the strategic alliance between China's Brilliance Auto and Germany's BMW been a success?</span></p></li><li><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">To what extent can Toyota's market share in the USA be credited to its lean production methods?</span></p></li></ul><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both these titles were proposed and used by actual candidates in 2021. For the first title, Brilliance Auto and BMW actually signed a partnership agreement back in 2003, so the data are rather conclusive from the outset. For the second title, the Toyota Production System (TPS), a waste-elimination methodology - or what became known as lean production - was developed way back in the 1930s. There have been (many) books and documentaries about this exact topic. So again, such a title would not be fit for purpose.</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">So, in a nutshell, t</span><span style="color:#FF0000;">here are two issues (or concerns) with RQs that are too "dated":</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">1. They tend to lead to descriptive essays.</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">2. They are unlikely to be worthy of (academic) study.</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">So, whilst there is no 10, 5, or 3 year rule for the Business Management EE, covering a contemporary issue that is academically rigorous is far more likely to meet the criteria for assessment.</span></p><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">As a starting point, ask student to refer to this page: <a href="../32857/ee-planning-form.html">https://www.thinkib.net/businessmanagement/page/32857/ee-planning-form</a></span></p></section><p>Not only are citations and referencing (C&R) formal requirements of academic integrity, doing so also shows your respect for the ideas and work of other people. Do not leave the citations and referencing until the end of the writing process as you’ll find it near-impossible to compile a decent bibliography. Similarly, make sure you understand and stick to the word limits:</p><ul class="branded"><li><p>4,000 words for the EE (essays in excess of 4,000 words are subject to penalties as examiners are not required to read material in excess of the word limit)</p></li><li><p>500 words for the RPPF (Reflections on Planning and Progress Form</p></li></ul><hr class="hidden"><p>As the essay needs to be electronically uploaded, this will make it easier for examiners to know at which point your EE has reached 4,000 words. Examiners are instructed not to read beyond the word limit. <span style="color:#FF0000;">You have been warned!</span></p><p>Whilst conducting your academic research, be careful of potential source bias. The best essays show evidence of critical thinking (Criterion C), so try to question the validity of your <strong>secondary research data </strong>in order to write a meaningful discussion.</p><p>Citation and referencing are important requirements of the EE. If you are unsure how to do this, get help from your school librarian on research and referencing skills for the essay. You can also seek help from your EE Coordinator and Diploma Programme Coordinator.</p><p>Engagement with your essay and the overall research process is formally assessed (Criterion E), being worth 6 out of the 34 marks. By genuinely engaging in the Extended Essay, the process can become more ‘fun’ (or more purposeful at least) for you as an IB learner. Engagement is intended to help you grow as a learner and to allow you to feel proud of what you have learnt in the overall process of academic research and reflective, critical thinking.</p><p>Pay attention to the three mandatory reflection sessions as these are an integral aspect of the Extended Essay (and assessed under criterion E). Complete each section of the RPPF form and get your EE supervisor to sign and date this. No other amendments to the form can be made once your supervisor has done this after each reflection session is complete. So, make sure you spend time discussing your reflections with your supervisor.</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="yellowBg"><h5><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#FF0000;">Top tip!</span></span></h5><p>For students planning to use a STEEPLE analysis (or aspects of this) for their Extended Essay, <a href="https://pestleanalysis.com/">pestleanalysis.com </a>is a brilliant website that you may be able to use as part of your secondary research.</p><p><a href="https://pestleanalysis.com/"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/pest-swot.jpg" style="width: 360px; height: 132px;"></a></p><p>This is also a brilliant resource for <a href="../21763/15-external-environment.html" title="Unit 1 » 1.5 External environment">Unit 1.5 External environment</a> and for SL students looking for real-world examples of STEEPLE (PESTLE or PEST) analysis for their Internal Assessment. A free resource, PESTLEanalysis.com provides read-made secondary market research for the EE. It can also be used by some students in preparation of their <a href="../25115/cuegis.html" title="CUEGIS">CUEGIS</a> essays.</p></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Getting started and avoiding demotivation</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p><img alt="" height="222" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/studying.jpg" width="333"></p><p>The duration of the Extended Essay process is about <strong>40 hours</strong>. Getting started early and sticking to deadlines mean you have better control of time, rather than allowing time to control you. As the Chinese proverb say, <em>“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”. </em>Getting started in the EE process will help to prevent a negative spiral effect on your level of motivation.</p><p><img alt="" height="316" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/one-use/demotivation-cycle.jpg" width="459"></p><p><span style="color:#696969;"><em>The demotivation cycle</em></span></p><hr class="hidden"><p>The root cause of the problem faced by many students is doing nothing. Doing something will make you feel better than doing nothing at all about your essay. For example, conducting thorough and meaningful research is essential for writing a good extended essay, but this can take an immense amount of time. Making a start and staying focused will help to improve the accuracy of your analysis and help displaying evidence of critical thinking (which is assessed in Criterion C).</p><p>You should also try to make time to read at least one previous extended essay, in order to identify strengths and possible limitations. This will help you to improve your own essay (but be careful about the rules on academic honesty).</p><p>Starting is often the hardest part of the process due to the immense demands of writing an extended essay, but spreading your work out into manageable tasks will help. Do not procrastinate – this is the number one reason for why students struggle with the Extended Essay.</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Dealing with procrastination</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p><img alt="" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/dead-end.jpg" style="width: 360px; height: 254px;"></p><p><em>“You can't go back and change the beginning, but you can start where you are and change the ending.”</em><br>- C.S. Lewis (1898 – 1963), British novelist, scholar, and broadcaster</p><p>One of the biggest hurdles facing IB Diploma students is how to handle procrastination. We are constantly faced with tempting distractions such as our smartphones, the urge to check and share updates on social media, and irrationally trying to convince ourselves that “there is always tomorrow”. The Spanish proverb<em> “Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week”</em> is a reminder that promising to get things done is not enough to actually get anything done.</p><p>Procrastination refers to the psychological barriers to work. It is natural and everyone does it to some extent! However, try to do something about it as it will make the Extended Essay writing process much more manageable for you. Try some of these strategies to help deal with procrastination:</p><ul class="branded"><li><p>Create a planner and stick to it! Lots of people find it useful to have a “to do” list or a checklist. This works equally well for your EE, IA or any other assessments.</p></li><li><p>Try to be SMART in what it is you are trying to achieve – your targets should be:<br>o Specific<br>o Measurable<br>o Achievable<br>o Realistic<br>o Time bound</p></li><li><p>Break large tasks into smaller activities of 30 minute slots. For example, work specifically on the introduction or secondary research data and findings, rather than trying to tackle too much at a time.</p></li><li><p>Create incentives to rewards for yourself when you complete the various tasks that you complete. Rewards, including fun things to do, are important as they allow you to get more things done (and therefore procrastinate less).</p></li><li><p>Be smarter about your use of time in order to free up some time. For example, can you make better use of ‘dead time’, such as when travelling to/from school? Is there some reading you can do or a podcast you can listen to which will help with the research or writing process?</p></li><li><p>Use online apps for support, such as Forest (available from iTunes). These apps are used to temporarily ban websites on your smartphone or laptop that distract you. You can block these websites for a pre-determined time, but still have access to the Internet (for work-related matters!)</p></li></ul><p>Nevertheless, it is important to pace yourself and to take regular breaks. Our brains, like all muscles, need a break too. Taking short, but regular rest breaks, can therefore help to reduce procrastination and improve your focus and productivity.</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p>The EE is not the IA</p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p>The EE is a highly academic and scholarly piece of work, and encourages students to go beyond the parameters and contents of the official IB Business Management syllabus. The highest marks are typically rewarded the candidates who:</p><ul class="branded"><li><p>Investigates a research question that is original and probing, i.e. worthy of study.</p></li><li><p>Carries out substantial academic research, as reflected in their bibliography (see assessment criteria A, B, and C).</p></li><li><p>Demonstrate a high level of both data analysis and discussion of their findings (see assessment criterion C).</p></li></ul><p>Note that the above are not mutually exclusive but interdependent.</p><p>Extended essays that replicate the HL Internal Assessment rarely get beyond to a "C" grade or above, as the requirements of the task and the rubric requirements (assessment criteria) are drastically different. Students must ensure their essay does not read like an IA task (with primary research and recommendations made at the end for the owners or managers of the chosen business) and/or that their bibliography is short (typically, mediocre essays will include just the prescribed class textbook and some generic URL addresses of websites used). Such an approach is perhaps more journalistic than academic.</p><p>As noted in the May 2018 EE Business Management subject report,<em> "the confusion between IA and EE was the main reason why many candidates underperformed."</em> (page 1). Finally, note that should a student choose to write their EE as the HL IA, they will not usually score more than 2 marks (out of 6 marks) under assessment criterion A (focus and method). This is because neither the methodology (focusing on primary research) nor the research question (leading to actual recommendations to an organization) are suitable for the EE in Business Management.</p><p>Refer to the table below that summarises the differences between the HL IA and the EE:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="width:47.56%;height:55px;"><p><strong>Extended Essay</strong></p></td><td style="width:52.44%;height:55px;"><p><strong>Higher Level Internal Assessment</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:47.56%;height:76px;"><p>Essay format, subheadings allowed</p></td><td style="width:52.44%;height:76px;"><p>Report format, with research proposal</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:47.56%;height:76px;"><p>Secondary focused, primary can support</p></td><td style="width:52.44%;height:76px;"><p>Primary focused, secondary to support</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:47.56%;height:102px;"><p>Can be backward looking (must be analytical and evaluative)</p></td><td style="width:52.44%;height:102px;"><p>Based on a current real-life situation; recommendations must be made</p></td></tr><tr><td style="width:47.56%;height:52px;"><p>4,000 max</p></td><td style="width:52.44%;height:52px;"><p>2,700 max</p><section class="tib-hiddenbox"><p><span style="color:#FF0000;">This comprises of: (i) 500 words for the Research Proposal, (ii) 2,000 words for the Written Report, and (iii) 200 words for the Executive Summary</span></p></section></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100.0%;height:95px;"><p style="text-align: center;">Demonstrates the appropriate use and application of selected Business Management tools, concepts, and theories</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">EE Grade boundaries</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p><img alt="" height="189" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/images/ee/ee.jpg" width="170"></p><p>As mentioned above, the EE is marked out of <strong>34 marks</strong>. The grade boundaries for all extended essays are set out in the table below.</p><p>A = 27 – 34<br>B = 21 – 26<br>C = 14 – 20<br>D = 7 – 13<br>E = 0 – 6</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Conclusions</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><p>Being able to stay on top of your essay relies on your research and time keeping skills as well as your ability to prioritise. These traits will help you at university and your future career too. Essentially, managing the EE process takes time to plan, but will save you time in the long run. Effective planning will help with your executive and ensure you stay on task.</p><p>Remember to use your supervisor for support! Your supervisor is required, as part of the supervision process, to spend between 3 to 5 hours with you. Ask your supervisor to help you with the construction of a suitable research question. Meet your supervisor regularly, and make sure you turn up for all the scheduled meetings. The level of support and the discussions that take place are formally recorded in the RPPF, so make the most of the opportunities to meet your supervisor for support, rather than to procrastinate. As the English proverb goes,<em> “After rain comes fair weather; March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers”</em>, i.e. there will be hardships during the EE process, but there will also be many delights that follow.</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><div class="panel" style="box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 42, 0.3) 0px 10px 30px -15px; border-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><div class="panel-heading" style="background-color: rgb(61, 30, 128);"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a><div><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Summary - Key points to consider</span></p></div></div><div class="panel-body" style="background-color: inherit;"><div><ul class="branded"><li><p>The EE is a core element of the IB Diploma Programme.</p></li><li><p>The EE is a highly academic and scholarly piece of work, that encourages students to go beyond the syllabus.</p></li><li><p>Make sure you are familiar with the formal requirements of the Extended Essay.</p></li><li><p>The Extended Essay is not the same as the Higher Level Internal Assessment (or the SL IA for that matter).</p></li><li><p>There are many distractions for an IB student, so you need effective strategies to tackle procrastination (psychological barriers to your school work).</p></li><li><p>Set yourself SMART goals to help you with the planning process. These goals need to be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time bound.</p></li><li><p>All aspects of the EE must focus on and relate to your research question. Plan your research to directly address the research question.</p></li><li><p>Create a planner and stick to it in a strict and disciplined way. This will help you to better manage the overall process and to complete your essay on time.</p></li><li><p>You should read the subject-specific advice in the Extended Essay Guide to get information and clarification of the requirements for your chosen Diploma Programme subject.</p></li><li><p>You need to complete all the sections of the RPPF form and get your supervisor to sign and date this too.</p></li><li><p>The duration of the Extended Essay process is about 40 hours, so plan and use your time sensibly and productively.</p></li><li><p>Your supervisor and EE Coordinator are at hand to help you throughout the overall process.</p></li></ul><p>Wishing you the very best for researching, writing and completing a successful Business Management extended essay!</p></div></div><div class="panel-footer" style="background-color: rgba(61, 30, 128, 0.1);"><div><p>text</p></div></div></div><p>Return to <a href="../21665/the-ee.html" title="The Core » The EE">The Extended Essay</a> homepage</p><p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="../../../businessmanagement.html"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/businessmanagement/logo-blue-black-1.png" style="width: 170px; height: 54px;"></a></span></p><script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
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