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Language of Photography</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> The Language of Photography <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="1735" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../englishalanglit.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../2408/essential-knowledge.html">Essential Knowledge</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">The Language of Photography</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 45 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 45'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/nighty-tighty-2.0-4-min-1.jpg" style="float: right; width: 240px; height: 300px;"><img class="sibico" src="../../../img/sibico/sl-blue.svg" style="height:1.25em;width: auto;vertical-align:text-bottom" title="SL"> <img class="sibico" src="../../../img/sibico/hl-blue.svg" style="height:1.25em;width: auto;vertical-align:text-bottom" title="HL"> In your <a href="../700/paper-1.html">Paper 1</a> examination you will, almost certainly, be asked to write about visual texts. It is quite likely that many of these visual texts will be photographs. It is quite probable that you will study photographic 'bodies of work' as part of your course of study. Where this is the case, you can choose to speak about these photographs in your <a href="../702/individual-oral.html">Individual Oral (IO)</a> examination. If you are a Higher Level (HL) student, you can also write about photographs for your <a href="../703/hl-essay.html">HL Essay</a>. It follows that it is extremely important for you to understand something about photographs. That is, you should know how photographs work, how they make meaning, and you should have a language for discussing photographs. This page begins to help you understand photographic images, and provides some essential vocabulary for writing and talking about photographs.</p> <h3> </h3> <h3>Essential Vocabulary</h3> <h4> </h4> <h4>General Vocabulary</h4> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Abstract</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../../index.htm"><img alt="" src="../../../index.htm"><img alt="" src="../../../index.htm"><img alt="" src="../../images/for-dmc-2-min-_1_.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p>Abstract: An image <span data-scayt-word="emphasising" data-wsc-id="k99m5wwzlfyj025t1" data-wsc-lang="en_US">emphasising</span> formal elements such as line and shape rather than particular, recognizable objects.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Content</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-7-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Content</strong>: The subject, topic, or information in the image. </p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Direct Approach</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-2-min-_1_.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;"></p> <p><strong>Direct approach</strong>: Capturing an image of a scene in a straightforward way without using distortion or unusual angles.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Documentary Photography</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/boy-min.jpg" style="width: 240px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Documentary photography</strong>: Photographs where the main purpose is to record a place, person(s), or event.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Expressive</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gradytok-2-min.jpg" style="width: 225px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Expressive</strong>: Photographs intended to communicate emotion.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Geometric Shape</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../january-14th-3-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Geometric shape</strong>: Simple shapes found in geometry such as circles, squares, rectangles, triangles, and so on.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Intention</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/finals-for-comp-6-min.jpg" style="width: 240px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Intention</strong>: The reason(s) why the photographer made the image.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Landscape</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/4th-of-july-min.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 225px;"></p> <p><strong>Landscape</strong>: A photograph of the natural environment.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Objective</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/january-14th-4-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Objective</strong>: A point of view that attempts to limit personal bias, considering all information with equal regard and fairness.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Organic Shape</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-4-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Organic shape</strong>: Shapes that are based on objects in nature such as tree, mountains, leaves, and so on.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Representational</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-3-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Representational</strong>: A photograph showing <span data-scayt-word="recognisable" data-wsc-id="k99m5xo3jfohwsx1z" data-wsc-lang="en_US">recognisable</span> objects.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Subject</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/cow-min.jpg" style="width: 225px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Subject</strong>: The main object or person(s) in a photograph.</p> </section> </div> <div class="navyblue"> <h5>Theme</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/nighty-tighty-2.0-3-min.jpg" style="width: 240px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Theme</strong>: A central or unifying in a body of work or collection of works.</p> </section> </div> <h4>Visual Elements</h4> <div class="militia"> <h5>Focus</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/focus-for-dmc-min.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;"></p> <p><strong>Focus</strong>: Areas that appear clear and sharp (in contrast to areas that do not).</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Line</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/munich-shine-1.0-min.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;"></p> <p><strong>Line</strong>: Objects in photographs can sometimes act as lines. They may be used to establish outline, direction, movement, and energy. Lines can be, for example, straight, curvy, thick, or thin.</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Light</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/nighty-tighty-2.0-4-min-1.jpg" style="width: 240px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Light</strong>: Areas of brightness and shadow. Light can be used to suggest time of day. Light may be artificial or natural, harsh or soft, reflected or direct.</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Repetition</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/italy-min.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 240px;"></p> <p><strong>Repetition</strong>: Objects, shapes, lines etc. that repeat and create a pattern.</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Shape</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Shape</strong>: See above – <em>geometric shape</em> and <em>organic shape</em>. When you look at an image, is the geometric or organic dominant?</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Space</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-6-min-_1_.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Space</strong>: This is an aspect of an image's composition. Photographs can suggest depth, or they may appear shallow (and you might consider how this is established; sometimes this is created by special illusion). In addition space can be both positive (areas that attract most attention) and negative (the emptier areas).</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Texture</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/dr.martens-min.jpg" style="width: 240px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Texture</strong>: This is about the quality of ‘feel’ in the photograph; if you could touch an image, what would it feel like?</p> </section> </div> <div class="militia"> <h5>Value</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/night-haze-picture-instacrop-min.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 240px;"></p> <p><strong>Value</strong>: This is a quality of light. In considering an image, you might ask if it suggests a range of tones from light to dark. Where are the lightest and darkest values?</p> </section> </div> <h4>Composition</h4> <div class="violete"> <h5>Angle</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/for-dmc-min-_1_.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;"></p> <p><strong>Angle</strong>: This is the vantage point from where a photograph was taken. It is often used when discussing images taken from an unusual or exaggerated vantage point.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Background</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-5-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Background</strong>: This is the part of an image that seems to be towards the back.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Balance</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/gothenburg-for-dmc-2-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Balance</strong>: This refers to the distribution of visual elements. Symmetrical balance distributes visual elements evenly in an image. Asymmetrical balance distributes visual elements unevenly.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Central Focus</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/lake-sweden-1.0-2-copy-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Central focus</strong>: This refers to the object(s) that seem most prominently or clearly focused in a photograph</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Composition</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/january-15th-2-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Composition</strong>: This is the arrangement or structuring of formal elements that make up an image.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Contour</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/italy-2-min.jpg" style="width: 221px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Contour</strong>: The outline of an object or shape.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Contrast</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/contrast-compressed.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Contrast</strong>: Significant visual differences between light and dark, varying textures, sizes, and so on.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Framing</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/neuried-tower-min.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Framing</strong>: What the photographer has placed within the boundaries of the photograph.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Setting</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/italy-2-min(1).jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Setting</strong>: This is the actual physical surrounding or scenery whether real or artificially constructed.</p> </section> </div> <div class="violete"> <h5>Vantage Point</h5> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/munich-work-day-2-min.jpg" style="width: 240px; height: 300px;"></p> <p><strong>Vantage point</strong>: The place or position from which the photographer takes a photograph.</p> </section> </div> <p><em>All photographs depict settings in Munich and wider Bavaria, Florence, and Gothenburg. Images are the copyright of Tim McIntyre, 2020.</em></p> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="1735"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>The Language of Photography</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your notes here..."></textarea> </div> <div class="panel-footer text-xs-center"> <span id="last-edited" class="mb-xs-3"> </span> <div class="actions mt-xs-3"> <button id="save-my-progress" type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary text-center btn-xs-block"> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-floppy-o"></i> Save </button> </div> </div></div> <div id="modal-feedback" 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