File "electrochemical-cells-i.html"
Path: /StudyIB/chemistry/page/906/electrochemical-cells-ihtml
File size: 66.42 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="EN"><head> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PZBWZ8J');</script> <title>Electrochemical cells I</title><!-- Removed by WebCopy --><!--<base href="/">--><!-- Removed by WebCopy --><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link href="../../../css/bootstrap.flatly.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../fonts/awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"><link href="../../../js/jquery-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/style.min.css?v=202301301645"><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"><meta name="googlebot" content="noarchive"><meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:title" name="og:title" content="StudyIB Chemistry: Electrochemical cells I"> <meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:image" content="https://studyib.net/img/studyib-card-default.jpg"> <meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:description" name="og:description" content="Topic 9.2 Two types of electrochemical cells; each the opposite of the other!"> <meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:url" name="og:url" content="https://studyib.net/chemistry/page/906/electrochemical-cells-i"> <meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:site_name" name="og:site_name" content="StudyIB - Your IB learning companion"> <meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:locale" name="og:locale" content="en"> <meta prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" property="og:type" name="og:type" content="website"> <meta name="description" content="Topic 9.2 Two types of electrochemical cells; each the opposite of the other!"> <meta name="image" content="https://studyib.net/img/studyib-card-default.jpg"> <meta name="keywords" content="IB, IBDP, InThinking, International Baccalaureate, Revision, Revision websites, Student Sites, Students, Learning, Guidance, Exam, Questions, Practice problems, Diagnose, Help, Notes"> <meta itemprop="name" content="StudyIB Chemistry: Electrochemical cells I"> <meta itemprop="description" content="Topic 9.2 Two types of electrochemical cells; each the opposite of the other!"> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://studyib.net/img/studyib-card-default.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="StudyIB Chemistry: Electrochemical cells I"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Topic 9.2 Two types of electrochemical cells; each the opposite of the other!"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://studyib.net/img/studyib-card-default.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@inthinker"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/snippets.min.css?v=202209111300"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/article.min.css?v=202211221000"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../css/flashcards/flashcards.min.css?v=202211221000"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/flashcards/magic.min.css"><style type="text/css">.filter-sl-only { display: none; }</style><script src="../../../js/ifvisible.min.js"></script><script>ifvisible.setIdleDuration(300);</script><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="../../../img/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../img/favicon/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128"> <meta name="application-name" content="StudyIB: Your IB Learning Companion"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#A5BED5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/img/favicon/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="/img/favicon/mstile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="/img/favicon/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="/img/favicon/mstile-310x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="/img/favicon/mstile-310x310.png"><script>var stdHash = "6da675cbcb3d25f050b05557349abc79", stdTicket = "082b9c9c4ae3624d";</script><script src="../../../js/user/local-stats.min.js?v=202205311700"></script><link href="../../../css/subjects-frontpage.min.css?v=202302031000" rel="stylesheet"></head><body class="public chemistry"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PZBWZ8J" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div id="top-header"> <div class="wmap general hidden-sm hidden-xs subjects"> <div class="layout-wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a href=""> <img class="header-thinker" src="../../../img/header-thinker.svg"> </a> <h1> <a href="../../../chemistry.html"> IBDP Chemistry </a> <a href="https://inthinking.net" title="inthinking.net" class="inthinking-logo pull-right"> <img src="../../../img/header-logo.svg" style="height: 80px; width: auto;"> </a> </h1> <p class="slogan">InThinking Revision Sites for students</p> <p class="author">Website by <strong>Paul Lloyd</strong></p> <p class="updated">Updated 1 February 2023</p> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="public-topnav" class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand hidden-md hidden-lg" href="../../../index.htm"> <img class="header-xs-thinker" src="../../../img/header-thinker.svg"> </a> <button type="button" class="collapsed navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subject-navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-2x fa-user"></i> </button> <div class="brand hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm"> <a class="brand-xs" href="../../../chemistry.html"> <strong class="title" style="white-space: nowrap;font-size: 18px;">Chemistry</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="subject-navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-bar navbar-userbox hidden-md hidden-lg"><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-lg fa-user-circle" style="margin-right: 5px;"></i><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="dropdown-submenu"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-globe"></i> Subjects</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li></li><li class=""><a href="../../../biology.html">DP Biology</a></li><li class="active"><a href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> DP Chemistry</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../englishalanglit.html">DP English A: Language & Literature</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../mathsanalysis.html">DP Maths: Analysis & Approaches</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../mathsapplications.html">DP Maths: Applications & Interpretations SL</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../physics.html">DP Physics</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../spanishb.html">DP Spanish B</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item"><a href="../../../user.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-dashboard"></i> Dashboard</a></li><li class="menu-item"><a href="../../../user/profile.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-cog"></i> My profile</a></li><li class="menu-item"><a href="../../../user/messages.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-envelope"></i> Messages</a></li><li class="menu-item hidden-md hidden-lg mt-xs-3"><a href="../../../index.htm?logout=1" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs-block"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-lg fa-power-off text-danger"></i>Log out</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul class="nav navbar-bar"><li class=""><a class="home" href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-home"></i> Home</a></li><li class=""><a class="topics" href="#"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-th-large"></i> Topics</a></li><li class=""><a class="favorites" href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-star"></i> My favorites</a></li><li class=""><a class="" href="../../flashcards.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-bolt"></i> Flashcards</a></li><li class=""><a class="qbank" href="../../test-your-knowledge.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-question"></i> Question bank</a></li><li class=""><a class="networks" href="../../networks.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-graduation-cap"></i> Virtual tutor</a></li><li class=""><a class="" href="../../blogs.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-paperclip"></i> Blog</a></li><li class=""><a class="sitemap" href="../../sitemap.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sitemap"></i> Sitemap</a></li><li class=""><a class="activity" href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-calendar-check-o"></i> My activity</a></li></ul> <ul class="nav navbar-bar navbar-right"> <li> <form class="navbar-form hidden-md hidden-lg" role="search" method="get" action="chemistry/search"> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-control nav-search" name="glob" type="search" placeholder="Search..."> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn bg-blue"> <i class="fa fa-search"> </i> </button> </span> </div> </form> <a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search hidden-sm hidden-xs" data-toggle="dropdown"> <i class="fa fa-lg fa-search"></i> </a> </li></ul> </div> </div></nav><nav id="nav-menu-search" class="shadow-bottom hidden-sm hidden-xs" style="display: none;"> <div class="container-fluid"> <form class="" role="search" method="get" action="chemistry/search"> <input class="form-control nav-search" name="glob" type="search" placeholder="Search Chemistry..."> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" type="submit"> Search </button> </form> </div></nav><div class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" id="modal-mini-login"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <button aria-hidden="true" data-dismiss="modal" class="close hidden-xs login-button-close" type="button">×</button> <form method="post"> <div class="form-group"> <input name="user-email" class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input name="user-password" class="form-control" type="password" placeholder="Password"> <input name="user-fp" class="fp" value="d8c893da5db7501669ffeeac46273ba6" type="hidden"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <a href="../../../reset-password.html" class="reset-password" style="font-weight: normal;"> Forgot your password? </a> </div> <div class="form-group"> <button type="submit" name="submit-login" value="1" class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center"> <i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i> Log in </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="modal fade" id="show-topics" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div id="dialog-topics" class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-topics"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-body modal-body-topics"><div id="new-frontpage-toplevels-topics" class="frontpage-box"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../3004/free-access-weekend.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Free Access Weekend!</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/general-images/free.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../2075/paper-1-exam-questions.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Paper 1 Exam Questions</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/test-images/exams.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../2124/paper-2-exam-questions.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Paper 2 Exam Questions</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/general-images/paper-2.2.png'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../1138/start-here.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Start Here</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/general-images/start-here.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../343/stoichiometry.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Stoichiometry</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/stoichiometry/scales-1333455_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../355/atomic-structure.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Atomic Structure</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/atomic-structure/the-atom.png'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../356/periodicity.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Periodicity</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/periodicity/p-block.png'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../357/bonding-and-structure.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Bonding & Structure</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/chemical-bonding-and-structure/crystallize-482971_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../358/energetics.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Energetics</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/energetics-thermochemistry/fire-1030751_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../359/kinetics.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Kinetics</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/chemical-kinetics/time-731110_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../360/equilibrium.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Equilibrium</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/equilibrium/soda-466542_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../361/acids-and-bases.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Acids & Bases</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/acids-and-bases/ui-paper-2.png'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../362/redox-processes.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Redox Processes</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/redox-processes/oxide-1241222_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../342/organic-chemistry.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Organic Chemistry</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('../../images/organic-chemistry/d-idose_molekulbaukasten_9173.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div><div class="col-md-4 col-sm-4"><div class="item"><a href="../363/measurement.html"><div class="header" style="height: 35px;"><h3 class="title special" style="margin-top: 0;">Measurement</h3></div><div class="body"><div class="cropper" style="background-image: url('/media/chemistry/images/measurement-and-data/tablet-600649_640.jpg'); height: 10vw;"></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container-fluid shadow-ith"><div class="row frontpage"> <div class="col-md-3" id="left-column"> <p class="visible-xs-block"></p><div class="dropdown user-menu hidden-xs" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" style="border-radius: 0; padding: 6px 18px;"> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-user-circle"></i> <small><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></small> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class="dropdown-submenu"><a href="#"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-globe"></i> Subjects</a><ul id="user-subjects-menu" class="dropdown-menu"><li></li><li class=""><a href="../../../biology.html">DP Biology</a></li><li class="active"><a href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i> DP Chemistry</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../englishalanglit.html">DP English A: Language & Literature</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../mathsanalysis.html">DP Maths: Analysis & Approaches</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../mathsapplications.html">DP Maths: Applications & Interpretations SL</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../physics.html">DP Physics</a></li><li class=""><a href="../../../spanishb.html">DP Spanish B</a></li></ul></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="../../../user.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-dashboard"></i> Dashboard</a></li><li><a href="../../../user/profile.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-cog"></i> My profile</a></li><li><a href="../../../user/messages.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-envelope"></i> Messages</a></li> <li class="divider"></li> <li> <a href="../../../index.htm?logout=1"> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-power-off"></i> Log out </a> </li> </ul></div> <div id="side-nav"><h4 class="side-nav-title dropdown"><a href="../362/redox-processes.html" class="dropdown-toggle toplevel-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-ellipsis-v"></i></a> <a href="../362/redox-processes.html">Redox Processes</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="../../../chemistry.html" style="padding-left: 5px; border-bottom: solid 1px #ddd"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-home"></i> Home</a></li><li><a href="../3004/free-access-weekend.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Free Access Weekend!</a></li><li><a href="../2075/paper-1-exam-questions.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Paper 1 Exam Questions</a></li><li><a href="../2124/paper-2-exam-questions.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Paper 2 Exam Questions</a></li><li><a href="../1138/start-here.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Start Here</a></li><li><a href="../343/stoichiometry.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Stoichiometry</a></li><li><a href="../355/atomic-structure.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Atomic Structure</a></li><li><a href="../356/periodicity.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Periodicity</a></li><li><a href="../357/bonding-and-structure.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Bonding and Structure</a></li><li><a href="../358/energetics.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Energetics</a></li><li><a href="../359/kinetics.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Kinetics</a></li><li><a href="../360/equilibrium.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Equilibrium</a></li><li><a href="../361/acids-and-bases.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Acids and Bases</a></li><li><a href="../342/organic-chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Organic Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="../363/measurement.html"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-caret-right"></i> Measurement</a></li></ul><div class="pull-right"><a class="sidenav-expand" title="Expand all" href="#"><i class="fa fa-plus-circle"></i></a> <a class="sidenav-compress" title="Compress all" href="#"><i class="fa fa-minus-circle"></i></a></div></h4><ul class="side-nav level-0"><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../905/oxidation-and-reduction.html">Oxidation and reduction</a></label></li><li class="expanded parent selected"><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="electrochemical-cells-i.html">Electrochemical cells I</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../907/electrochemical-cells-ii.html">Electrochemical cells II</a></label></li></ul></div> <button id="show-periodic-table" class="btn btn-default btn-block" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-table"></i> Periodic table</button> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Electrochemical cells I <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="906" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../chemistry.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../362/redox-processes.html">Redox Processes</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Electrochemical cells I</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 60 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 60'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/redox-processes/daniell_cell-1.png" style="width: 160px; height: 212px; float: left;">Electrochemical cells is undoubtedly one of the most challenging topics in the course to get the head around. The principles of redox are straightforward - the loss and gain of electrons - but the concept is applied in different contexts in voltaic and electrochemical cells. Watch the video, read the revision cards and test yourself. If you really get to grips with understanding the differences between the cells it is no mean feat!</p> <p><em>Image E. Generalic, <a href="https://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=Daniell+cell">https://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=Daniell+cell</a></em></p> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Ensure you are confident using the terms below and learn the asterisked* definitions</p> <p>Electrolytic cell, Electrolysis, Voltaic cell, Electrode, Electrolyte, Spontaneous reaction, Non-spontaneous reaction, Potential difference, Half-cell, Cathode, Anode, Cell reaction, Cell notation, Salt bridge, Voltmeter</p> <div class="tib-flashcard"><a class="show-flashcards btn btn-success btn-xs-block btn-block " data-levels="1" data-mode="Normal" data-topics="630" data-subject-id="7" data-n-flashcards="15" style="text-align:center">Show flashcards</a></div><hr> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-has-border panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Electrochemical cells</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div>Understanding the redox processes that take place in voltaic and electrolytic cells</div> <div> </div> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/447161708"></iframe></div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow panel-has-colored-body"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p> The revision cards contain all of the essential content:</p> <div id="carousel-208" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="208"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103309.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103309.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-104535.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-104535.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103343.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103343.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103402.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103402.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-165234.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-165234.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103433.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103433.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103449.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103449.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103638.png" data-fancybox="gallery-208" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103638.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-208" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-208" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103309-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-104535-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103343-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103402-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-165234-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103433-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="6"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103449-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="7"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/7-208/screenshot-2020-08-13-at-103638-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="7-535-906"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following apply to a<strong> voltaic</strong> cell?</p><p><strong>1: </strong>The cell involves a spontaneous redox reaction.</p><p><strong>2: </strong>Oxidation occurs at the cathode/the positive electrode.</p><p><strong>3: </strong>The electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>1 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 2 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1, 2 and 3</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>2 and 3 only</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Voltaic cells use <strong>spontaneous redox reactions</strong> to generate electrical energy. Electrolytic cells use electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous redox reactions.</p><p>Thus <strong>statement 1</strong> <strong>does apply</strong> to voltaic cells.</p><p>In both types of cell o<strong>xidation occurs at the anode </strong>and reduction occurs at the cathode. In a voltaic cell the anode is negative, and the cathode is positive. In an electrolytic cell the anode is positive, and the cathode is negative.</p><p>Thus <strong>statement 2 does not apply </strong>to voltaic cells (or to electrolytic cells).</p><p>In a voltaic cell the redox reaction causes the electrodes to become charged and this generates electron flow from negative electrode (anode) to positive electrode (cathode).</p><p>Thus <strong>statement 3 does apply</strong> to voltaic cells.</p><p>Therefore <strong>1 and 3 only </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following apply to an<strong> electrolytic </strong>cell?</p><p><strong>1: </strong>The cell involves a spontaneous redox reaction.</p><p><strong>2: </strong>Oxidation occurs at the anode/the positive electrode.</p><p><strong>3: </strong>The electrolyte must be an electrical conductor in which ions can move.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 2 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1, 2 and 3</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>2 and 3 only</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Voltaic cells use spontaneous redox reactions to generate electrical energy. Electrolytic cells use electrical energy to drive<strong> non-spontaneous </strong>redox reactions.</p><p>Thus <strong>statement 1</strong> <strong>does not apply</strong> to electrolytic cells.</p><p>In both types of cell o<strong>xidation occurs at the anode </strong>and reduction occurs at the cathode. In a voltaic cell the anode is negative, and the cathode is positive. In an electrolytic cell the anode is positive, and the cathode is negative.</p><p>Thus <strong>statement 2 does apply </strong>to electrolytic cells.</p><p>In an electrolytic cell the electrolyte is a molten ionic compound or an ionic compound in aqeous solution, both of which are electrical conductors in which ions can move.</p><p>Thus <strong>statement 3 does apply</strong> to electrolytic cells.</p><p>Therefore <strong>2 and 3 only </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">3</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide the sodium ion...</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>goes to the negative electrode where it is oxidised</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>goes to the positive electrode where it is reduced</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>goes to the negative electrode where it is reduced </span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>goes to the positive electrode where it is oxidised</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In an electrolytic cell the external potential difference pushes electrons out to one electrode making it negative and pulls electrons in from another electrode, making it positive. The ions in the electrolyte are then attracted to the oppositely charged electrode where they gain electrons (if positive ions) or lose electrons (if negative ions) to form atoms.</p><p>The sodium ion, being Na<sup>+</sup> will go to the negative electrode and gain an electron which is reduction - RIG.</p><p>Thus <strong>goes to the negative electrode where it is reduced</strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">4</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following apply to the electrolysis of lead bromide?</p><p><strong>1: </strong>Lead ions go to the anode where they are oxidised.</p><p><strong>2: </strong>Lead ions go to the cathode where they are reduced.</p><p><strong>3: </strong>Bromide ions go to the anode where they are oxidised.</p><p><strong>4: </strong>Bromide ions go to the cathode where they are reduced.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 4 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>2 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>2 and 4 only</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In an electrolytic cell the external potential difference pushes electrons out to one electrode making it negative and pulls electrons in from another electrode, making it positive. The ions in the electrolyte are then attracted to the oppositely charged electrode where they gain electrons (if positive ions) or lose electrons (if negative ions) to form atoms.</p><p>The lead ions, being Pb<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup> will go to the negative electrode (cathode) and gain electrons which is reduction (RIG).</p><p>The bromide ions, being Br<sup>–</sup> <span new="" roman="" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:" times=""></span>will go to the positive electrode (anode) and lose electrons which is oxidation (OIL).</p><p>Thus <strong>2 and 3 only </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">5</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What happens at the <strong>negative</strong> electrode in a voltaic cell and an electrolytic cell respectively?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Oxidation; Reduction</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Reduction; Oxidation</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Reduction; Reduction</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Oxidation; Oxidation</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In a voltaic cell the redox reaction generates the charges on the electrodes and causes the current to flow. The most active metal loses electrons (oxidation; atoms to ions) causing the electrode to be negative, and the least active metal gains electrons (reduction; ions to atoms) causing the electrode to be positive.</p><p>So in a voltaic cell metal atoms will lose electrons (oxidation) at the negative electrode.</p><p>In an electrolytic cell the external potential difference pushes electrons out to one electrode making it negative and pulls electrons in from another electrode, making it positive. The ions in the electrolyte are then attracted to the oppositely charged electrode where they gain electrons (if positive ions) or lose electrons (if negative ions) to form atoms.</p><p>So in an electrolytic cell the positive ions will gain electrons (reduction) at the negative electrode.</p><p>Thus <strong>Oxidation; Reduction</strong> is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">6</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following statements about a voltaic cell comprising copper and iron half-cells are correct?</p><p><strong>1: </strong>Electrons flow from the copper half-cell to the iron half-cell.</p><p><strong>2: </strong>Oxidation takes place in the iron half-cell.</p><p><strong>3: </strong>Negative ions travel across the salt bridge from the copper half-cell to the iron half-cell.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>2 and 3 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 2 only</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1, 2 and 3</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>1 and 3 only</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In a voltaic cell the redox reaction generates the charges on the electrodes and causes the current to flow. The most active metal loses electrons (oxidation; atoms to ions) causing the electrode to be negative, and the least active metal gains electrons (reduction; ions to atoms) causing the electrode to be positive.</p><p>Iron is more active than copper (Activity series in the data book) so the iron half-cell will lose electrons (oxidation) and the copper half-cell will gain electrons (reduction); electrons will flow from the iron to the copper.</p><p>As electrons are flowing from iron to copper, the charge will be equalised by negative ions flowing across the salt bridge from the copper to the iron half-cell.</p><p>Thus <strong>2 and 3 only </strong>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">7</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Using the information given in the reactions of fictional metal sulfates below,</p><p>X<sub>(s) </sub>+ YSO<sub>4(aq)</sub> → XSO<sub>4(aq) </sub>+ Y<sub>(s)</sub></p><p>Y<sub>(s) </sub>+ ZSO<sub>4(aq)</sub> → no reaction</p><p>which of the following statements is correct?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>A voltaic cell with half-cells of metals Y and Z will result in electrons flowing from Z to Y</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>In a voltaic cell with half-cells of metals X and Y, reduction will take place in the X half-cell</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>In a voltaic cell with half-cells of metals Y and Z, oxidation will take place in the Y half-cell</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>A voltaic cell with half-cells of metals X and Y will result in electrons flowing from Y to X</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In a voltaic cell the redox reaction generates the charges on the electrodes and causes the current to flow. The most active metal loses electrons (oxidation; atoms to ions) causing the electrode to be negative, and the least active metal gains electrons (reduction; ions to atoms) causing the electrode to be positive. Electrons flow from negative to positive.</p><p>The equations tell us that X is more active than Y (X displaces Y) and that Z is more active than Y (Y cannot displace Z).</p><p>In a voltaic cell of Y and Z, Z loses electrons (oxidation) and Y gains electrons (reduction). Electrons flow from Z to Y.</p><p>In a voltaic cell of X and Y, X loses electrons (oxidation) and Y gains electrons (reduction). Electrons flow from X to Y.</p><p>Thus the correct answer is <strong>A voltaic cell with half-cells of metals Y and Z will result in electrons flowing from Z to Y</strong></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">8</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question">In a voltaic cell consisting of magnesium and zinc half-cells, which of the following statements is correct?</div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Electrons will flow from the zinc half-cell to the magnesium half-cell</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Magnesium ions will gain electrons and become magnesium atoms</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Reduction takes place in the zinc half-cell</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Zinc will lose electrons</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In a voltaic cell the redox reaction generates the charges on the electrodes and causes the current to flow. The most active metal loses electrons (oxidation; atoms to ions) causing the electrode to be negative, and the least active metal gains electrons (reduction; ions to atoms) causing the electrode to be positive. Electrons flow from negative to positive.</p><p>Magnesium is more active than zinc (activity series in data book).</p><p>Therefore magnesium loses electrons (oxidation) and zinc gains electrons (reduction) and the electrons flow from magnesium to zinc.</p><p>Thus the correct answer is <strong>Reduction takes place in the zinc half-cell</strong></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">9</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question">In a voltaic cell consisting of magnesium and copper half-cells, which is the strongest reducing agent?</div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Cu</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Mg</span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Mg<sup>2+</sup></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Cu<sup>2+</sup></span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>This question refers to voltaic cells, but the only information needed is that magnesium is more active than copper (activity series in data book).</p><p>The strongest reducing agent (reduction is gain of electrons) is the species most likely to lose electrons and give them to something else, thereby reducing it. Magnesium atoms have the greatest tendency to lose electrons as they are the most active (copper is less likely to lose electrons, and magnesium and copper ions, having already lost two electrons are unlikely to lose any more).</p><p>Thus the correct answer is <strong>Mg</strong></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">10</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which shows the correct cell notation for a voltaic cell consisting of magnesium and iron(II) half-cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Mg<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>| Mg<sub>(s) </sub>|| Fe<sub>(s) </sub>| Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>| Fe<sub>(s) </sub>|| Mg<sub>(s) </sub>| Mg<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input class="c" type="radio"> <span>Mg<sub>(s) </sub>| Mg<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>|| Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>| Fe<sub>(s)</sub></span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"> <input type="radio"> <span>Fe<sub>(s) </sub>| Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>|| Mg<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>| Mg<sub>(s)</sub></span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Magnesium is more active than iron (activity series in data book). Magnesium will lose electrons (oxidation) and iron will gain electrons (reduction). Electrons will flow from magnesium to iron.</p><p>By convention, the anode (oxidation) is shown on the left (<strong>magnesium</strong>) and the cathode (reduction) is shown on the right (<strong>iron</strong>). A single vertical line represents a phase boundary (e.g. solid and liquid) and the double vertical lines represent a salt bridge. The salt bridge should separate the two aqueous solutions.</p><p>Thus <strong>Mg<sub>(s) </sub>| Mg<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>|| Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq) </sub>| Fe</strong><sub><strong>(s)</strong> </sub>is the correct answer.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam-style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h4>Paper 1</h4> <h5>Core (SL&HL): <a href="../2724/redox-core-sl-and-hl-paper-1-questions.html" title="Redox core (SL and HL) paper 1 questions">Redox core (SL and HL) paper 1 questions</a></h5> <h5>AHL (HL only): <a href="../2731/redox-ahl-hl-only-paper-1-questions.html" title="Redox AHL (HL only) paper 1 questions">Redox AHL (HL only) paper 1 questions</a></h5> <h4>Paper 2</h4> <h5>Core (SL&HL): <a href="../2728/redox-core-sl-hl-paper-2-questions.html" title="Redox core (SL & HL) paper 2 questions">Redox core (SL & HL) paper 2 questions</a></h5> <h5>AHL (HL only): <a href="../2730/redox-ahl-hl-only-paper-2-questions.html" title="Redox AHL (HL only) paper 2 questions">Redox AHL (HL only) paper 2 questions</a></h5> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="906"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Electrochemical cells I</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your notes here..."></textarea> </div> <div class="panel-footer text-xs-center"> <span id="last-edited" class="mb-xs-3"> </span> <div class="actions mt-xs-3"> <button id="save-my-progress" type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary text-center btn-xs-block"> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-floppy-o"></i> Save </button> </div> </div></div> <div id="modal-feedback" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Feedback</h4> <button type="button" class="close hidden-xs hidden-sm" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div class="errors"></div> <p><strong>Which of the following best describes your feedback?</strong></p> <form method="post" style="overflow: hidden"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Recommendation"> Recommend</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Problem"> Report a problem</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Improvement"> Suggest an improvement</label></div><div class="radio"><label style="color: #121212;"><input type="radio" name="feedback-type" value="Other"> Other</label></div> </div> <hr> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="feedback-name">Name</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="feedback-name" placeholder="Name" value=" "> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="feedback-email">Email address</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="feedback-email" placeholder="Email" value="@airmail.cc"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="feedback-comments">Comments</label> <textarea class="form-control" name="feedback-comments" style="resize: vertical;"></textarea> </div> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-ticket" value="082b9c9c4ae3624d"> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-url" value="https://studyib.net/chemistry/page/906/electrochemical-cells-i"> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-subject" value="7"> <input type="hidden" name="feedback-subject-name" value="Chemistry"> <div class="pull-left"> </div> </form> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs-block feedback-submit mb-xs-3 pull-right"> <i class="fa fa-send"></i> Send </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block m-xs-0 pull-left" data-dismiss="modal"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div></div> <style type="text/css" media="screen">/* Important part */
.modal-dialog{ overflow-y: initial !important
}
.modal-body{ overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto;
}</style><div id="modal-periodic-table" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document" style="width: 90vw;"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Periodic table</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <img src="../../../img/periodic-table/periodic-table-2020.png" style="max-width: 1400px; height: auto"> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block m-xs-0 pull-right" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="fc-viewer" class="modal fade modal-flashcard" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header" style="background-color: #fafafa;"><div class="row" style="width: 100%;"><div class="col-md-12 tags-heading"><div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;"><p id="fc-viewer-info" style="width: 80%;"></p><button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button></div></div></div></div><div id="flashcard-body" class="modal-body"><div class="row" style="margin: 0;"><div class="col-md-8 fc-viewer-main"><div class="fc-viewer-inner"><div id="fc-viewer-main-front"><div class="fc-viewer-content"></div><span class="mark-favorite" style="position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 10px; font-size: 22px;"><i class="fa fa-lg fa-star-o"></i></span><span id="issue-report" class="issue-report hidden-xs hidden-sm" title="Report a problem"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-lg fa-exclamation-circle" style="font-size: 1.5em;"></i> </span> </div><div id="fc-viewer-main-back" class="reverse-flashcard green-bg"><div class="fc-viewer-content"></div><span class="mark-favorite" style="position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 10px; font-size: 22px;"><i class="fa fa-lg fa-star-o"></i></span></div></div></div><div class="col-md-4 fc-viewer-controls"><div class="fc-viewer-controls-middle"> <div class="fc-viewer-controls-middle-inner fc-back"><div class="fc-viewer-controls-answers mt-xs-0 mx-xs-0"><button id="right-answer" class="btn btn-success text-center btn-block" title="Mark this flashcard as CORRECT"><i class="fa fa-check"></i> Correct</button><button id="wrong-answer" class="btn text-center bg-red btn-block" title="Mark this flashcard as INCORRECT"><i class="fa fa-remove"></i> Incorrect</button></div><table class="table stats"><tr><td>Times flipped</td><td id="fc-viewer-tflipped" class="text-right">0</td></tr><tr><td>Marked as <em>correct</em></td><td id="fc-viewer-right" class="text-right">0</td></tr><tr><td>Marked as <em>incorrect</em></td><td id="fc-viewer-wrong" class="text-right">0</td></tr></table><a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-block text-center reset-stats hidden-xs hidden-sm" title="Reset stats for this flashcard" style="margin: 10px 0;"><i class="fa fa-undo"></i> Reset</a> <div class="fc-notes-container hidden-xs hidden-sm"><textarea class="form-control notes fc-back card-notes" rows="4" placeholder="Write your own notes here..." style="resize: none;">
</textarea><a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-block text-center save-notes" title="Save personal notes for this flashcard" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i> Save notes</a> </div><div class="fc-viewer-actions-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-xs-block reset-stats"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-undo"></i>Reset</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-xs-block" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#card-notes-sm-modal"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-pencil"></i>Notes</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-xs-block" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#report-problem-sm-modal"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-exclamation-circle"></i>Report error</button></div> </div></div><div class="fc-viewer-controls-bottom hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="fc-move"> <button class="btn bg-turquoise text-center disabled" rel="prev" title="Previous flashcard"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i>Prev</button><button class="btn bg-turquoise text-center disabled" rel="next" title="Next flashcard">Next<i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></button></div><div class="fc-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-center shuffle"><i class="fa fa-random"></i> Shuffle</button><div class="fc-progress"><div class="progress"><div class="progress-bar"></div></div><div class="text-right"><span class="fc-viewer-results-counter"></span></div></div></div></div><div class="fc-close-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"><button id="fc-xs-close" type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-block text-center" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">Close</button> <hr class="thin"> <div class="fc-actions" style="width: 100%;"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-center shuffle"> <i class="fa fa-random"></i> Shuffle </button><div class="fc-progress"><div class="progress"><div class="progress-bar"></div></div><div class="text-right"><span class="fc-viewer-results-counter hidden-md hidden-lg"></span></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div id="report-error-container" class="report-problem"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-8"><div class="msg"></div><div class="form-group"><label>Report a problem for flashcard <span class="fc-viewer-id"></span></label><textarea class="form-control issue-description" cols="4"></textarea></div><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary pull-right send-report disabled"><i class="fa fa-paper-plane"></i>Send</button><button id="close-send-report" type="button" class="btn btn-default" style="margin-left: 0;">Close</button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="card-notes-sm-modal" class="modal fade overlay-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog modal-sm" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header p-xs-3"><h4 class="modal-title text-center my-xs-2">Notes</h4></div><div class="modal-body p-xs-3"><textarea class="form-control notes fc-back card-notes p-xs-3" rows="8" style="resize: none;">
</textarea></div><div class="modal-footer p-xs-3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary btn-xs-block save-notes"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-pencil"></i>Save</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default btn-xs-block mx-xs-0" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">Close</button></div></div></div></div><div id="report-problem-sm-modal" class="modal fade overlay-modal report-problem" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"><div class="modal-dialog modal-sm" role="document"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header p-xs-3"><h4 class="modal-title text-center my-xs-2">Report a problem for flashcard <span class="fc-viewer-id"></span></h4></div><div class="modal-body p-xs-3"><div class="msg"></div><div class="form-group mb-xs-0"><textarea class="form-control issue-description p-xs-3" rows="8"></textarea></div></div><div class="modal-footer p-xs-3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary text-center btn-xs-block mb-xs-3 disabled send-report"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-paper-plane"></i>Send</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-default text-center btn-xs-block mx-xs-0" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">Close</button></div></div></div></div> <div id="fcgame-viewer" class="modal fade modal-flashcard" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg modal-dialog-fcgame" role="document"> <div class="modal-content mc-flashcard modal-content-fcgame"> <div class="modal-header" style="background-color: #fafafa;"> <div class="row text-center" style="width: 100%;"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;"> <div class="text-left"> Your time: <span class="chronometer c-mobile" id="chronometer">00:00:</span> <span class="chronometer msec c-mobile" id="chronometer-msec">000</span> <br> Your best time: <span class="chronometer c-mobile" id="best-record"></span> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="fcgame-body" class=" modal-body modal-body-fcgame"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fc-content" id="fc-content" style="padding: 15px;"></div> </div> </div> <div id="end-game" style="display: none;"> <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 result shadow-bottom"> <div id="end-game-dismiss"></div> <div id="end-game-results"></div> <div id="show-percent" style="margin-bottom: 30px;font-size: 16px;"></div> </div> <div id="end-game-fc" class="col-lg-12"></div> </div> <div id="start-game" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 centered"> <div style="width: 200px;"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block" id="play-game" style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 10px 0;">Start</button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block" id="cancel-game" style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 10px 0;">Cancel</button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"></div> </div> </div></div><div id="fcgame-modal-issue-report" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title">Report error</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <textarea id="issue-description-fcgame" class="form-control"></textarea> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button id="send-report-fcgame" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Send Report</button> </div> </div> </div></div> </article> <hr class="hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="hidden-md hidden-lg mt-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" id="user-id" value="38342"></div><input id="ticket" type="hidden" value="082b9c9c4ae3624d"><input id="tzoffset" type="hidden" value="new"><input id="fp" class="fp" type="hidden" value=""></div><div id="std-footer"> <div class="wmap"> <div class="layout-wrapper"> <p> <a href="https://www.inthinking.net"> © <span id="footer-year"></span> <em>InThinking</em> <script>document.getElementById("footer-year").innerHTML = new Date().getFullYear();</script> </a> | <a target="_self" href="../../../about.html"> About us </a> | <a target="_self" href="../../../terms-and-conditions.html"> Legal </a> | <a target="_self" href="../../../contact.html"> Contact </a> </p> <p> <a class="social" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/#!/inthinker"> <img src="../../../img/social/twitter-square.svg"> Twitter </a> <a class="social" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/inthinking.net"> <img src="../../../img/social/facebook-square.svg"> Facebook </a> <a class="social" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=139741989"> <img src="../../../img/social/linkedin-square.svg"> LinkedIn </a> </p> </div> </div></div><script src="../../../js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script><script src="../../../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script><script src="../../../js/jquery-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.js"></script><script>var pageId = 906;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/std-galleries.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jqueryui/jquery-ui-custom.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jqueryui/jquery.ui.touch-punch.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/std-quizzes-helpers.min.js?v=20220406"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/std-quizzes.min.js?v=2022041300"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jq-boxfit/jquery.boxfit.min.js"></script><script src="../../../ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/flashcards/flashcards-utils.min.js?v=202211221200"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/flashcards/std-flashcards.min.js?v=202211221000"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/hammerjs/hammerjs.min-1.js?v=20220414"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jqueryui/jquery-ui.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jqueryui/jquery.ui.touch-punch.min.js"></script><script src="../../../js/user/page-my-progress.min.js?v=202211221000"></script><script>var sAJAX='/pages/subjects/activity/user-stats-page.php?t=082b9c9c4ae3624d&p=906&s=7&x=5994';var sData='k4iA6GSB03BgPm1qOd6RPHpsE3KeSVBAEzP5PHpsE39FIxiA6GSB0bfjSYyBPm1FfGyB6bf4W3a1EGLj63cRPYaBWYyDPugFIxiA6GSB0bfsEbOFwHRFWYK3EGyDPmjWOKLvIxi860fB7nBsWVOFwnEsWVaBIxiDSGigW3LsZGNFwFPFIxiA60f1Pm1F0xvmZYK8Z0ar7HB7IbpsE3K7IDgAaBAhEGyB6bf4W3a1EGLj63cRIGaBWYyDIGgFeC==';var loopSecs = 30;var minSecsLog = 60;var lsKey = '7-83606-906';</script><script src="../../../js/subjects/activity/user-stats-page.min.js?v=202205311700"></script><script src="../../../js/subjects/activity/my-favorites.min.js?v=20220610"></script><script src="../../../js/subjects/periodic-table.min.js"></script><script src="../../../js/subjects/feedback.min.js?v=202211221000"></script><script>var sessionUpdateSecs = 300;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/session-updater.js"></script><script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create', 'UA-98480796-1', 'auto');ga('send', 'pageview');</script><script src="../../../js/devicefp/devicefp.min.js"></script><script src="../../../js/jq-quickfit/jq-quickfit.min.js?v=20220201"></script><script src="../../../js/frontpage-subjects.min.js?v=202211161300"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/studyib-jq.min.js?v=202211241300"></script><script type="text/javascript">$(document).ready(function(){ $('#trigger-modal-video-overview').click(function() { if( $('#modal-video-overview .modal-body iframe').attr('src').length == 0 ) { $('#modal-video-overview .modal-body iframe').attr('src', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/hxxtdiLdTFk?rel=0'); } }); $('#modal-video-overview').on('hidden.bs.modal', function() { $('#modal-video-overview .modal-body iframe').attr('src', ''); }); });</script></body></html>