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fa-fw"></i><a href="carbon-cycle-43-.html">Carbon Cycle 4.3 </a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../798/climate-change-44.html">Climate change 4.4</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Carbon Cycle 4.3 <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="797" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../466/04-ecology-.html">04 Ecology </a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Carbon Cycle 4.3 </span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675505959" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Summary list for topic 4.3 Carbon cycle</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Exam style question about the carbon cycle.</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer </a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Model answer</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6"> 4.3 Carbon cycle quiz 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img alt="" src="../../../ib/biology/files/activity%20worksheets/ecology/carboncyclediag_complete.jpg" style="float: left; width: 134px; height: 100px;">The processes of the carbon cycle include photosynthesis and respiration which are well known, but this topic gets tricky in other connected aspects of the global carbon cycle. These include storage of carbon containing molecules in peat, fossil fuels, coral, and the oceans. An understanding of diffusion and dissolving are also required. This revision page covers these details.<br> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 4.3 Carbon cycle using these flashcards</p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/419004214/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-119" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="119"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-119" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-119" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-119" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-119" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-119" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-119" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-119" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-119" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-119/img5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Summary list for topic 4.3 Carbon cycle<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Carbon dioxide is converted (by photosynthesis) into carbohydrates and other carbon compounds in autotrophs.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) in aquatic ecosystems.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Carbon dioxide moves from the atmosphere or water into autotrophs by diffusion.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is produced from decaying organic matter in anaerobic conditions by bacteria.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Peat forms when organic matter is not fully decomposed in waterlogged soils.Organic matter was converted into coal, oil and gas that accumulate in porous rocks.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Carbon dioxide is produced by the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">Animals such as reef-building corals and mollusca have hard parts that are composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>)and can become fossilized in limestone.</li> <li>Students need an awareness that carbon fluxes are estimates.</li> <li>Experience of the analysis of data from air monitoring stations.</li> <li>The skill to draw a diagram of the carbon cycle.</li> </ul> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>These diagram summaries cover the main sections of topic 4.3 Carbon cycle.<br> Study them and draw your own list or concept map, from memory if you can.</p> <div id="carousel-118" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="118"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespiderlist.png" data-fancybox="gallery-118" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespiderlist.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespidersimple.png" data-fancybox="gallery-118" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespidersimple.png"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespider.png" data-fancybox="gallery-118" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespider.png"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-118" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-118" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespidersimple-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-118/43carboncyclespider-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-3">Exam style question about the carbon cycle.<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Explaining the different processes is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle. </strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/carbon_cycle1.png" style="width: 350px; height: 167px;"></strong></p> <p><strong>Add carbon reservoirs to the diagram and draw arrows connecting them showing the processes which control carbon fluxes. [4]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>There are many possibilities here so it's not possible to show all correct answers.<br> For each mark there needs to be (1) a clearly labelled arrow and (2) a new carbon reservoir or two new arrows correctly labelled.</p> <p><span style="color:#FF0000;">Forest trees linked to animals with arrow labelled feeding.<br> Animals linked to carbon dioxide in atmosphere with arrow labelled respiration.<br> Forest trees linked to decomposers with arrow labelled decomposition or decay.<br> Decomposers linked to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with arrow labelled respiration.<br> Forest trees linked to to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with arrow labelled combustion.<br> Decomposers, animals or forest trees linked to fossil fuels with arrow labelled fossilisation.<br> Fossil fuels linked to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with an arrow labelled combustion. </span></p> <p>Here is an example of a student answer which scores 4/4<br> There are no mistakes, three new reservoirs, each with an arrow and two extra arrows.</p> <p> <img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/carbon_cycle_2.png" style="width: 600px; height: 375px;"></p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on greenhouse gases - - - click the + to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This question requires knowledge of the sources of carbon dioxide and methane.</p> <div class="yellowBg"><strong>Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane are major contributors to the greenhouse effect. What are the main sources of these gases? (4 marks)</strong><br> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><em>Examiner hint - both carbon dioxide and methane sources must be given to score full marks. Give examples of where they are produced.</em></p> </div> <p> Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-5"><strong>Model answer</strong><small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane are major contributors to the greenhouse effect. What are the main sources of these gases? (4 marks)</strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Carbon dioxide is produced by respiration of living organisms.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Carbon dioxide is produced by combustion of biomass and fossil fuels.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Diffuses into the atmosphere (and accumulates in the greenhouse layer).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Methane is produced by anaerobic respiration. </span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">In the intestines of cattle </span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">methane is produced by methanogenic bacteria in ponds and wetlands.</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> </ul> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#0e465543"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="0e465543"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-6"> 4.3 Carbon cycle quiz <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-337-797" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Carbon dioxide is important in photosynthesis in autotrophs and in respiration in all organisms.<br>The diagram below shows a chloroplast and a mitochondrion.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/respiration-photosynthesis_linked_small.png" style="width: 400px; height: 303px;"></p><p>Which compound is made in chloroplasts using the carbon dioxide?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chlorophyll</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Glucose </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Enzymes</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Water </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates - using water molecules as well.<br>Both of these molecules are products of respiration in mitochondria.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Carbon is present as dissolved molecules in aquatic ecosystems, shown in the diagram below.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/carbon-cycle-ocean.png" style="width: 400px; height: 288px;"></p><p>How does carbon move into autotrophs so that photosynthesis can take place?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Acidification</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Dissolving</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Water currents</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Diffusion</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions move into autotrophs by diffusion.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In what forms is Carbon present in aquatic ecosystems, and available for autotrophs to use in photosynthesis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> As dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> and calcium carbonate</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> As hydrogen carbonate ions and as calcium carbonate</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> As dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrogen carbonate ions. </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> As dissolved CO<sub>2 </sub>and carbonic acid.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In the syllabus carbon is said to be present as dissolved carbon dioxide and hydrogen carbonate ions.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Carbon dioxide diffuses out of organisms into water, or the atmosphere. <br>What is the process which produces the carbon dioxide?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Aerobic respiration only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photosynthesis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Anaerobic respiration only.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Carbon dioxide is produced by aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration in fermentation. <br> </p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is produced in some situations in ecosystems.<br>When does this happen?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> In anaerobic conditions in waterlogged soil.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In aerobic conditions in bacteria in water.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In anaerobic conditions when photosynthesis occurs.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> In aerobic conditions in soil on agricultural land.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Methane is produced from decaying organic matter in anaerobic conditions by bacteria.<br>This is common in the formation of peat, in waterlogged soils.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Methane is changed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere to carbon dioxide and water. <br>What type of process is this?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ionisation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Oxidation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Respiration </label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Reduction</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Coal and other fossil fuels were formed during the carboniferous period in the Earth's history.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/coal.png" style="width: 400px; height: 400px;"><br>What material begins the process of coal formation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Organic matter is not fully decomposed in soils which are waterlogged</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Respiration in decomposer organisms releases carbon dioxide from the soil.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Photosynthesis traps carbon dioxide in the soil.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Saprotrophic organisms decompose organic materials</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Peat forms when organic matter is not fully decomposed in waterlogged soils.<br>Coal formed from organic material in a similar way, with a long period of heating and compression.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the processes listed produces carbon dioxide?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The combustion of biomass and burning of fossil fuels.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The formation of reefs by corals.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The formation of peat and carbohydrate.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The fossilisation of mollusc shells.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Carbon dioxide is produced by the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>A resevoir in the carbon cycle is an area of carbon storage. <br>How do animals such as reef-building corals and molluscs contribute to a carbon reservoir?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Calcium carbonate is stored in their soft body parts.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Calcium carbonate in their hard body parts becomes fossilised into limestone.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Carbon dioxide is stored in their gills.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Bicarbonate ions are sored in all parts of their bodies.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Animals such as reef-building corals and mollusca have hard parts that are composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>)and can become fossilized in limestone</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram below shows figures for carbon fluxes.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/carbon_flux.png" style="width: 400px; height: 282px;"></p><p>What do these 'carbon fluxes' represent?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Estimates of carbon movement.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Measurements of actual carbon movements.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Precisely calculated theoretical values.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Accurate measurements of carbon movement.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Carbon flux figues are always estimates. There is an element of theory using models, and measurement of samples.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph below shows actual data from the Air monitoring station in Hawaii.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/04_ecology/co2_data1.png" style="width: 400px; height: 218px;"></p><p>Why does the CO2 concentration decrease between June and October 2018?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Respiration is lower in the summer months.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> There is more photosynthesis during the summer months.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> When the winter ice melts more carbon dioxide can be absorbed by the sea.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The warmer summer temperatures help to reduce carbon dioxide concentrations.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In the summer season, there is more photosynthesis.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id="header-7">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505959" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-883-797"><p>The image shows peat turf that is being dug from a peat bog.</p><p>Drag and drop the correct word or phrase into the gap to describe peat formation.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/4.3-peat.jpg" style="width: 239px; height: 160px;"></p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">detritivores</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">decomposers</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">acidic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">oxygen</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">fossilised</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">partially</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">organic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">carbon dioxide</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">completely</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">oil</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">alkaline</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">anaerobic</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">agriculture</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Peat is <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="partially"> <span class="review"></span> decomposed <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="organic"> <span class="review"></span> matter. It forms in waterlogged soils where insufficient <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="oxygen"> <span class="review"></span> is present for rapid recycling. It becomes <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="acidic"> <span class="review"></span> due to the accumulation of organic acids from partial breakdown of dead plant material by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="anaerobic"> <span class="review"></span> respiration of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="decomposers"> <span class="review"></span> . It is used as fuel and in <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="agriculture"> <span class="review"></span> as fertiliser. In past epochs, it was <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="fossilised"> <span class="review"></span> under pressure to to form coal, <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="oil"> <span class="review"></span> or gas which became trapped in porous rocks.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Waterlogging of dead plant material prevents full decomposition of organic matter due to lack of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration forms acids, giving a low pH further slowing decomposition.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p> </p> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. 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