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false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../462/01-cell-biology.html">01 Cell biology</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Ultrastructure of cells 1.2 </span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675505947" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Summary list for topic 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Video tutorials</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6">Multiple choice questions</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7"> 1.2 Ultrastrucure of cells quiz 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-8" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-8">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_ultrastructure_bw-1.jpeg" style="width: 146px; height: 100px; float: left;">Eukaryote cells are larger than prokaryote cells and they have a more compartmentalised structure since endosymbiosis led to the creation of organelles. There are two basic types to draw, eukaryote and prokaryote cells. In this topic it's important to be able to recognise organelles in cells and to suggest cell functions depending upon cell structure.</div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary for 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells using these flash cards.</p> <p><iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/51851049/flashcards/embed" width="100%"><br> </iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - good revision for all students.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-72" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="72"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-72" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-72" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-72" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" 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src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructureextraslide.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructurecells.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-72" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructurecells.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructurecompartments.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-72" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructurecompartments.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img17.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-72" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img17.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-72" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-72" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img15-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="6"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img6-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="7"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructureextraslide-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="8"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructurecells-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="9"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/12cellultracstructurecompartments-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="10"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-72/img17-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right 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- important if you are aiming for a high grade.<br> If grade 5 is your target, then save time, move on, study this information later, once you have revised the other topics.</p> <div id="carousel-73" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="73"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img5.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img8.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img8.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img7.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img7.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img9.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img9.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img12.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img12.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="media/std-galleries/5-73/img14.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="media/std-galleries/5-73/img14.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img13.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-73" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img13.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-73" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-73" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img5-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img8-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img7-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img9-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img12-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="5"><img title="Click to view" src="media/std-galleries/5-73/img14-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="6"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-73/img13-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Summary list for topic 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <ul> <li>Know and be able to draw the simple structure of Prokaryote cells</li> <li>Know and draw the compartmentalised structure of Eukaryotic cells.</li> <li>Understand that the resolving power of electron microscopes is between 10µm and 1nm<br> whereas light microscopes resolve details between 1mm and 1µm.</li> </ul> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Skills and applications</strong></p> <ul> <li>Ability to identify organelles from microscope images of cells.</li> <li>Ability to explain how the composition of organelles will be different in cells with different functions,<br> (e.g. goblet cells which make mucus and palisade mesophyll cells which do photosynthesis).</li> <li>Explain how the structure of prokaryotes allows them to divide by binary fission. </li> </ul> </div> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This diagram summaries the main sections of topic 1.2 Cell ultrastructure.<br> Test if you can draw your own list or concept map from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-71" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="71"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-71/ultra-structure-of-cells-mm-12.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-71" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-71/ultra-structure-of-cells-mm-12.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-71" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-71" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-71/ultra-structure-of-cells-mm-12-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p><a id="ESQs" name="ESQs"></a>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="greyBg"> <h3 id="header-3">Video tutorials<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>How to draw a eukaryote animal cell diagram quickly in an exam.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/280426090?portrait=0"></iframe></div> <script src="../../../api/player.js"></script> <p><a href="https://vimeo.com/280426090">How to draw a eukaryote animal cell in an exam.</a> From <a href="https://vimeo.com/user14306679">David Faure</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p> <p>How to identify organelles in electron microscope images and to explain how the structures relate to the cell's function.</p> <div class="video-embed vimeo"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" webkitallowfullscreen="" height="420" width="100%" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/280595166?portrait=0"></iframe></div> <script src="../../../api/player.js"></script> <p><a href="https://vimeo.com/280595166">Interpreting electron microscope images</a> from <a href="https://vimeo.com/user14306679">David Faure</a> on <a href="https://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p> <p>This video help students to identify organelles and to make the link between cell structure and function.</p> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question on the structure of plant cells - - click the + symbol to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Draw a labelled diagram showing the structure of a plant cell as it would be seen in an electron micrograph of a leaf. (4)</strong></p> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr></div> <p>Click the "+" to reveal a model answer</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This is an example of a student diagram, drawn in an exam. It is not perfect, but there are clearly drawn organelles which show quite reasonable relative sizes, e.g. the nucleus is larger than the chloroplasts. </p> <p>All the organelles are labelled. A typical mark scheme would be looking for four or five labelled organelles.<br> Note the double membrane around the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion.</p> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/eukaryote_plant_cell.png" style="width: 700px; height: 290px;"></p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam question about prokaryote cell structure - click the + symbol to open it -- ></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>Here is an example of a poor drawing of a prokaryotic cell.</p> <p><img alt="" src="../../bad-example.jpg" style="width: 200px; height: 221px;"></p> <p>This is what the teacher said about this diagram:</p> <ul> <li><em>The label lines are inaccurate.</em></li> <li><em>The flagellum is not in proportion to the cell.</em></li> <li><em>The nucleoid is incorrectly drawn.</em></li> <li><em>Cell wall and "cell membrane" are unclear.</em></li> <li><em>Missing/not labelled - plasmid, plasma membrane (not cell membrane), 70s ribosomes.</em></li> <li><em>Examiner hint - use clear solid lines and try to show size and shape in proportion.</em></li> </ul> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <p>Draw a better labelled diagram showing the correct structure of a prokaryote cell as it might be seen in an electron microscope image. (4)</p> <p>.</p> <p>.</p> </div> Click the "+" to reveal a model answer <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-5">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Draw a better labelled diagram showing the correct structure of a prokaryote cell as it might be seen in an electron microscope image. (4)</strong></p> <p>Marks are obtained by drawing each structure with a suitable shape and proportion.<br> Structures must be correctly labelled.<br> Labels need to be accurately placed</p> <p>Structures can include:<br> Nucleoid region, plasmid/DNA plasmid, cell membrane/plasma membrane, cell wall, pili, flagella</p> <p><img alt="" src="../../20220305_091155.jpg" style="width: 414px; height: 211px;"></p> <p>The diagram does not need shading, nor to be artistic.</p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-6">Multiple choice questions<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This self marking multiple choice quiz contains questions covering the topic.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#3a066b82"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="3a066b82"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-7"> 1.2 Ultrastrucure of cells quiz <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-200-606" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image below shows three structures as seen in an electron microscope.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cells_pro_euk_id_qn.jpeg" style="width: 550px; height: 151px;"></p><p>Which of the structures are prokaryote cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> A, B and C</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> A and C</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> B only.</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> A and B</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Students are expected to be able to recognise and draw the simple structure of Prokaryote cells.</p><p>There is no compartmentation in prokaryote cells, and as membranes can be seen in structure B (a mitochondrion) it is not a prokaryote.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The electron microscope image below shows three organelles found in an animal cell.<br><br><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_mitochondria.jpeg" style="width: 320px; height: 147px;"></p><p>What is the name of the organelles?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Rough endoplasmic reticulum</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chloroplast</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Mitochondria</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Nucleus</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Know how to identify the organelles in eukaryotes and draw their compartmentalised structure.<br>A mitochondrion (pleural = mitochondria) has an outer membrane and inner membrane folded into long thing 'flaps' called cristae.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The electron microscope image below shows an organelle found in both animal and plant cells.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/rer.jpg" style="width: 131px; height: 127px;"><br><br>What is the name of the organelle?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Nucleus</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Rough endoplasmic reticulum</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chloroplast</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Mitochondrion</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Know how to identify the organelles in eukaryotes and draw their compartmentalised structure.<br>The rER has parallel membranes covered in dots, which are ribosomes, used for making proteins, for secretion from the cell.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The electron microscope image below shows a ciliated epithelial cell from the lungs.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_cilliated-epithelial-cell-tem_label-x.jpeg" style="width: 250px; height: 415px;"></p><p>What is the name of the organelle labelled X?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Nucleus</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Mitochondrion</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Rough endoplasmic reticulum</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chloroplast</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation">The nucleus is the largest organelle in the cell. You can often see black speckled chromatin in it, and sometimes black patches.</div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The electron microscope image below shows an organelle found in eukaryote cells.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_chloroplast.jpeg" style="width: 320px; height: 168px;"></p><p>What is the name of the organelle?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Nucleus</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Chloroplast</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Mitochondrion</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Rough endoplasmic reticulum</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Chloroplasts are distinctive because they have stacks of membranes inside, called grana, which hold the chlorophyll that absorbs light.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What are the structures labelled X and Y likely to be in this electron microscope image?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_organelles_qn.jpeg" style="width: 400px; height: 345px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> X = Mitochondrion and Y = Chloroplast</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> X = Mitochondrion and Y = Nucleus</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> X= Chloroplast and Y = Nucleus</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> X= Virus particle and Y = Prokaryote cell</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Students are expected to be able to identify organelles from microscope images of cells. The nucleus is distinctive because it is about 10µm in size, and it has black dots in it, chromatin, and sometimes one or more dark patches within the nuclear membrane. It also has a double membrane, not often easily visible.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>If you found a eukaryote cell in an electron microscope image, and it contained a lot of rER, Golgi apparatus and many darkly stained vesicles, what do you think the function of the cell is most likely to be?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The transport of oxygen in the blood.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The production and secretion of a substance containing protein.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The storage of lipids.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The production and transmission of a nerve impulse.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation">Student are expected to explain how the composition of organelles will be different in cells with different functions,<p>(eg. goblet cells which make mucus (a protien) will contain lots of rER and vesicles of musus, and palisade mesophyll cells which do photosynthesis will contain lots of chloroplasts)</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why is it that prokaryotes can divide by the simple process of binary fission, but eukaryotes have to divide by the more complex process of mitosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Eukaryotes have mitochondria but prokaryotes do not.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Single celled organisms do binary fission.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Eukaryotes are bigger than prokaryotes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Prokaryotes have no nucleus whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>To explain how the structure of prokaryotes allows them to divide by binary fission you could mention:</p><ul><li>Prokaryotes have a single chromosome, eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes</li><li>Prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane, which eukaryotes have.</li></ul></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>This electron microscope shows a group of prokaryotes.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_prokatyote_typhoid.jpeg" style="width: 147px; height: 64px;"></p><p>What structures are most likely to be found inside these cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cell wall, plasma membrane and lysosomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Cell wall, plasma membrane and nucleoid.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cell wall, plasma membrane and nucleus.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Plasma membrane, ribosomes and rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Skill: you should know how to draw prokaryotic cells (with a cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, pili, flagella, 70s ribosomes and nucleoid.) and eukaryotic cells (free 80s ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), lysosome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion and nucleus)</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The electron microscope image below shows a cell.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/01_cells/cell_lea_organelle-qn.jpeg" style="width: 350px; height: 222px;"></p><p>What are the organelles shown by the labels X & Y?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> X is the plasma membrane & Y is a chloroplast.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> X is the cell wall and Y is the nucleus.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> X is a chloroplast & Y is a mitochondrion.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> X is the cell wall & Y is a mitochondrion.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>If you look closely at X, it points to the cell wall, outside the plasma membrane, it is close to the plasma membrane, but not touching the chloroplast.</p><p>The pale area below Y is the vacuole.</p><p>Organelle Y is a mitochondrion, you can tell this by its size, and the presence of membranes inside.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How does compartmentalisation by their internal membranes benefit eukaryotic cells?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The membranes allow movement of the cytoplasm.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The membranes help to keep the shape of the cell.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The membranes can form organelles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The membranes increase the concentration of reactants in some organelles.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Eukaryote cells (approx. 100µm in diameter) are much larger than prokaryote cells (approx 1µm) and so the concentration of reactants in the cytoplasm would be more dilute if all the metabolism happened in the cytoplasm.</p><p>Specialist organelles, like mitochondria keep the enzymes for aerobic respiration in one place, which increases their concentration, and increases the rate of reactions.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the term used to describe the smallest distance which two objects can be seen as separate objects in a microscope?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The descrepency.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The distinguishing power.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The resolution.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The magnification.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The resolving power, or resolution, is the ability to separate objects, to produce separate images of two objects.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <hr> <h3 id="header-8">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675505947" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-824-606"><p>Test your construction of biological knowledge using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><strong>Contrasting Eukaryote and Prokaryote cell structure.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to outline the differences between the cell structure of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">plasmids</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">80s</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">animal</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">are always</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">may</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">nucleus</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">70s</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">single</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">multicellular</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">mitochondria</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">cell membrane</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">chloroplasts</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">naked</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">protein</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">membrane</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p style="margin:0cm"><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:">Prokaryotic cells have a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="naked"> <span class="review"></span> DNA whereas eukaryotic cells have chromosomes consisting of DNA and <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="protein"> <span class="review"></span> in a true membrane bound <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="nucleus"> <span class="review"></span> .<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0cm"><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:">Prokaryotes are always <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="single"> <span class="review"></span> celled whereas eukaryotes <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="may"> <span class="review"></span> be <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="multicellular"> <span class="review"></span> .<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0cm"><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:">Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes have ribosomes, but they are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="70s"> <span class="review"></span> in prokaryotes and <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="80s"> <span class="review"></span> (larger) in eukaryotes. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0cm"><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:">Only eukaryotic cells have <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="membrane"> <span class="review"></span> bound organelles such as <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="mitochondria"> <span class="review"></span> and, in plant cells, <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="chloroplasts"> <span class="review"></span> .<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0cm"><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:">Prokaryotes have cell walls; eukaryotic <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="animal"> <span class="review"></span> cells do not have a cell wall.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><i><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;
font-family:">Explanation/Examiner hint. Contrast means to give the differences, using direct comparison.</span></i></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <div class="panel panel-expandable panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra drag and drop explanation on prokaryote and eukaryote nuclear material click the '+' symbol</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-823-606"><p>Test your construction of biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><strong>Contrasting the hereditary material of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.</strong></p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to outline the differences between the nuclear material of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">nucleoid</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">plasmids</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">proteins</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">chromosomes</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">DNA</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">linear</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">circular</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">membrane bound</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="DNA"> <span class="review"></span> as their hereditary material.</p><p>Prokaryotic cells have a <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="nucleoid"> <span class="review"></span> whereas eukaryotic cells have a true <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="membrane bound"> <span class="review"></span> nucleus.</p><p>Prokaryotic cells have <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="circular"> <span class="review"></span> DNA, eukaryotic cells have <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="linear"> <span class="review"></span> DNA.</p><p>Prokaryotic cells have naked DNA: eukaryotic cells have DNA associated with <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="proteins"> <span class="review"></span> , forming <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="chromosomes"> <span class="review"></span> .</p><p>Prokaryotic cells may contain <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="plasmids"> <span class="review"></span> , but eukaryotic cells do not.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation/Examiner hint. Use direct comparisons in two phrases in single sentences with appropriate conjunctions or punctuation inbetween the phrases (such as; , : but, and, whereas).</em></p><p><em>You could respond in a table to a question of this type.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Try this matching flashcards game.<br> If you can't see the content below, please click this link <a href="http://quizlet.com/51851049/match" target="_blank">Ultrastructure of cells Quizlet matching game.</a></p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="500" scrolling="no" src="https://quizlet.com/51851049/match/embed" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> <p>Alternatively try this Arcade game to practise the basics. <a href="http://www.classtools.net/arcade/201807_SiDa2c" target="_blank">Arcade game "Ultrastructure of cells".</a></p> <ul> </ul> <p align="center"><iframe frameborder="0" height="250" scrolling="no" src="//www.classtools.net/widg/201807_SiDa2c" width="570"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="606"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Ultrastructure of cells 1.2 </strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container 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