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Metabolism HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2889/topic-9-plant-biology-hl-paper-1-questions.html">Topic 9 Plant biology HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li><li class=""><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="../2890/topic-10-genetics-hl-paper-1-questions.html">Topic 10 Genetics HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li><li class="expanded parent selected"><label style="padding-left: 0px"><i class="fa fa-fw"></i><a href="topic-11-animal-physiology-hl-paper-1-questions.html">Topic 11 Animal physiology HL Paper 1 questions</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Topic 11 Animal physiology HL Paper 1 questions <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="2891" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../2876/paper-1-style-exam-questions.html">Paper 1 style Exam questions</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Topic 11 Animal physiology HL Paper 1 questions</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Topic_1:_Cell_biology">Topic 11: <a class="internal-link" href="https://e.studyib.net/biology/page/473/11-animal-physiology-ahl">Animal physiology HL</a></span> <img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/kidneyqn-1.jpg" style="float: right; height: 118px; width: 120px;"></h3> <p><span class="mw-headline">This page contains <strong>multiple choice questions</strong> in the style of Paper 1 of the Biology exams.<br> They test the breadth of your knowledge of the understandings and skills<strong> about HL animal physiology</strong>.</span><span class="mw-headline"><br> To spend more time reviewing the topic before answering these questions, use the revision resources.</span></p> <div class="index-list"> <div class="item"> <div class="bg-cover cover-96" onclick="window.location='/biology/page/473/11-animal-physiology-ahl'" style="background-image: url('../../images/11_animalphysiol/muscles-1.jpg')" title="11 Animal physiology AHL"> </div> <div class="content"> <h4 class="head"><a href="../473/11-animal-physiology-ahl.html">Animal physiology HL revision resources</a></h4> <p class="body">This is an introduction to the HL animal physiology topic. It lists understandings and skills expected for Topic 11 including antibody production by lymphocytes, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, muscle fibres, actin and myosin, osmoregulation,...</p> </div> </div> </div> <p><span class="mw-headline">Learn from any mistakes. Every question has an examiner's explanation that appears when you check your answers.<span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><span class="mw-headline"><img alt="" src="../../images/00_random-images/check-button.png" style="width: 80px; height: 35px;"></span></span></span></span></p> <div class="tib-quiz dyn-quiz" data-pid="2891" data-mtime="1675505945.1376"><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram shows the number of deaths per year for children under five. Three diseases are preventable by vaccines, the grey bar shows numbers for diseases not preventable by vaccines.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/child_deaths.jpeg" style="width: 500px; height: 543px;"></p><p>Estimate the percentage decreases in diseases not preventable by vaccines?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> <span>40 - 45% </span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> <span>70 - 75% </span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> <span>2.5 %. </span></label> </p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> 2.5 million %<span>.</span></label> </p></div><div class="q-explanation">The number of deaths in 1990 from diseases not preventable by vaccinations was 6.3 million.<br>In 2017 it had reduced to 3.7 million. This is a decrease of 2.6 million which is 42% of 6.3 million. 2.6 / 6.3 x 100</div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">2</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following could NOT be used to treat kidney failure?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Hemoglobin injection</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Kidney transplant</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hemodialysis</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Blood transfusion</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Treatment of kidney failure can be done by hemodialysis (dialysis of the blood) or kidney transplant.<br>In an emergency a blood transfusion could help to restore the osmotic potential of the blood temporarily.</p><p>Hemoglobin is the protein found in the red blood cells which carries oxygen. So is not helpful in this case.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">3</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which statement describes similarities between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They both produce four gametes for each division of meiosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> They both involve mitosis, meiosis, cell growth and cell differentiation.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They both involve meiosis and growth of cells but not mitosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They are both controlled by the estrogen hormone.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Similarities in spermatogenesis and oogenesis include mitosis, cell growth, two divisions of meiosis and differentiation.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">4</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram below shows cells in a seminal vesicle of a testis.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/testes_ts_abcd.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 182px;"></p><p>Which of the labels shows a cell most likely to be in the process of differentiation?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> Cell D</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> Cell C</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> Cell B</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> Cell A</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Spermatogenesis and oogenesis includes differentiation of haploid cells into sperm cells.</p><p>Students need to be able to annotate diagrams of seminiferous tubule to show these details.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">5</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image shows a sperm about to fertilize an egg cell.<br>Several processes occur during the fertilisation of an egg and sperm cell.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/fertilisation_p__oto.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 205px;"></p><p>In which order do the three processes given below occur.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cortical reaction, penetration of zona pellicuda, binding of the egg and sperm membranes, and acrosome reaction.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fusion of egg and sperm membranes, acrosome reaction, binding or egg and sperm membranes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fusion of egg and sperm membranes, acrosome reaction, and cortical reaction, penetration of zona pellicuda.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Acrosome reaction, penetration of zona pellicuda, fusion of egg and sperm membranes and cortical reaction.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Fertilization involves</p><ol><li>attraction of the sperm towards the egg</li><li>binding of the sperm to the egg</li><li>the acrosome reaction</li><li>penetration of the zona pellicuda</li><li>fusion of the plasma membrane of the egg and sperm and</li><li>the cortical reaction. (mechanism that prevents polyspermy)</li><li>fusion of the male and female nuclei</li></ol></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">6</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph below shows the body mass of a range of animals plotted against their mass at birth.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/gestation_brithwt_graph.jpg" style="width: 450px; height: 327px;"></p><p>What is the general trend shown in the graph?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> As the mass of the animal increases the mass at birth increases exponentially.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> As the mass of the animal increases the birth mass decreases</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The data shows no correlation between the two variables.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> As the mass of animal increases the birth mass increases.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>To make comparisons of gestation periods it can be assumed that babies grow a a similar rate, and birth size on the graph relates to a longer gestation.<br>This graph shows a surprisingly good correlation between animal size and the birth size, which could also relate to the more advanced development young at birth in larger mammals.</p><p>Note that the scale is logarithmic.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">7</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph below shows the gestation periods of a range of different animals plotted against their mass at birth.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/gestation_brithwt_graphabcd.jpg" style="width: 400px; height: 291px;"></p><p>Which of the points A to D on the graph is most likely to represent a human embryo?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> A</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> C</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input class="c" type="radio"> B</label></p><p><label class="radio" style=" float: left; margin-right: 40px; "><input type="radio"> D</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>You should be able to find the place of the average human (38-week) pregnancy on a graph showing the correlation between animal size and the development of the young at birth in mammals, or birth mass. Humans have a mass of between 50000g and 100000g, and babies are commonly about 3000g at birth. So humans a likely to be in the clusted below the letter B.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">8</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In a study by Utrecht University in the Netherlands, a vet was sent to houses to test animals that were living with an owner infected with COVID-19. Six cats out of 154 cats (3.9%) and 7 dogs our of 156 dogs (4.5%) tested positive for COVID-19, while 31 cats (20.1%) and 23 dogs (14.7%) had coronavirus antibodies. The majority of cases in cats and dogs do not have any symptoms of illness.</p><p>Which of the folllowing conclusions could be made from the study?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cats are more likely to catch COVID-19 than dogs.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It is dangerous to have contact with your pets if you have COVID-19.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Humans are often contaminated with COVID-19 by their pets.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> COVID-19 is a pathogen that can cross species barriers.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Some pathogens are species specific but this is not the case for the virus COVID-19. This virus can cross the species barrier from one species to another. Some theories suggest that it originated in bats, and may have been transfered to humans through another species, perhaps a pangolin. There is also evidence of zoo animals catching COVID-19 and from the study in this question, domesticated animals like cats and dogs.</p><p>The data in the question is inconclusive, in insufficient about whether dogs or cats catch covid more easily.<br>The disease is most often not a serious illness in these animals, and it is most likely that humans contaminate their pets and ont the pets contaminating humans.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">9</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In which way does the body recognise a pathogen causing it to produce an immune response?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Recognition of non-self B-lymphocytes by pathogens.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Recognition of non-self antigens by erythrocytes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Recognition of non-self antigen molecules by macrophages.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Recognition of non-self antigens by plasma cells.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Antigens are non-self molecules which initiate the immune response. The immune system does not react to molecules recognised as self (i.e. possessed by the host organism). Macrophages are non-specific phagocytes and are the cells which often first identify non-self antigens.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">10</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Why are plasma cells fused with tumour cells to create hybridoma cells in the production of monoclonal antibodies?</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">I Plasma cells cannot be cultured easily.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">II Tumour cells have a very rapid growth rate in cell culture.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">III Hybridoma cells cannot produce antibodies.</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">IV Hybridoma cells produce antigens very rapidly.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> II, III, IV only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> All of the above.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> I and II only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I only.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Hybridoma cells grow more rapidly than plasma cells in cell culture and produce antibodies (not antigens) much more rapidly.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">11</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The image is of the H1N1 virus. There are various strains of this virus which can infect birds, pigs and humans. What is the best explanation of the various strains of the virus and the nature of its infectiousness?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-9/11.1-hini.jpg" style="width: 120px; height: 119px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Pathogens cannot cross the species barrier.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Mutations can give rise to strains that can cross the species barrier.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Pathogenic viruses can infect all types of animal cell.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The same strain infects pigs, humans and birds.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Viruses mutate, a mutant form (strain) may be able to cross the species barrier from one species to another (hence swine flu, bird flu).</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">12</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following process involves changes to the ovum membrane preventing polyspermy?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fusion reaction.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Cortical reaction.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fertilisation.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Acrosome reaction.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ovum membrane and the cortical reaction immediately following causes changes in the membrane that prevent penetration of other sperm.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">13</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>After fertilisation, what becomes implanted in the endometrium lining?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Placenta.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fertilised ovum.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Blastocyst.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Ovum.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The fertilised ovum divides in its passage down the oviduct to form a ball of cells, the blastula, which implants itself in the lining of the endometrium.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">14</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Diabetics have a blood glucose concentration higher than that of a normal person due to a lack of insulin. One of the signs of diabetes is frequent urination. Which of the following could be an explanation of this symptom?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Lack of insulin causes the glomerular filtrate to be more hypotonic.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> High glucose levels in the blood prevent ultrafiltration.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Glucose is present in the collecting duct and lowers water reabsorption into the blood.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> More water is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The high glucose levels of the blood cause high glucose levels in the filtrate, not all of which can be reabsorbed. Some of the glucose is present in the collecting duct so reabsorption by osmosis is less efficient leading to greater urine volumes.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">15</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Fish gills are permeable to water, mineral ions and respiratory gases. Marine fish have blood which is hypotonic to sea water, how will gill permeability affect the osmotic balance of their body?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They will lose water by osmosis and minerals by diffusion in their gills. They will excrete large volumes of very concentrated urine.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> They will gain water by osmosis and gain minerals by diffusion in their gills. They will excrete small volumes of very concentrated urine.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The gills absorb water by reverse osmosis and secrete salts.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> They will lose water by osmosis and gain minerals by diffusion in their gills. They will excrete small volumes of very concentrated urine.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The permeability of the gills mean that water will be lost from the blood by osmosis and salts gained by diffusion. To compensate for this, their urine is highly concentrated.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">16</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>After an immune response, memory cells are produced. From which cells are these produced?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> T cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Macrophages.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> B cells.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Plasma cells.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>After antibody production is completed, some plasma cells differentiate into memory cells ready to react if the disease is encountered again.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">17</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is released in response to an allergen?</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/11.1-histamine.png" style="width: 120px; height: 58px;"></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Anti-histamine.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Fibrinogen.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Histamine.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Antibodies.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Histamine is released by white cells if they contact an allergen and causes inflammation and swelling.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">18</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How is the increase in length of a muscle fibre in the biceps (agonist muscle) achieved during muscular relaxation on the straightening of the forelimb when the triceps (antagonist muscle) contracts?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The biceps relaxes and the fibres stretches to lengthen the muscle.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The antagonistic (triceps) muscle contracts, the contraction of the triceps lengthens the biceps fibres.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The biceps reflexively relaxes and lengthens the biceps fibres.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The antagonistic (triceps) muscle contracts, the biceps reflexively relaxes and the contraction of the triceps lengthens the biceps fibres.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The contraction of the agonist of a pair of muscles provides the force to lengthen the antagonist muscle which is reflexively relaxed.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">19</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The graph below shows global numbers of smallpox cases between 1920 and 2010.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/11_animalphysiol/smallpox_graph.png" style="width: 400px; height: 341px;"></p><p>The WHO vaccination and surveillance program began in 1966. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980.<br>What other conclusion could be made using the data from this graph?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Vaccines were more effective after 1960.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> The number of cases declined steadily during this period.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Increasing herd immunity gradually lowered the number of cases annually.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Vaccination is not effective until eveyone is vaccinated.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The reduction in the number of case was not uniform, outbreaks causes huge increases in cases at several points during this period.<br>As the number of people vaccinated increased, transmission decreased by herd immunity.</p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="label label-default q-number">20</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which events happen during the process of labour immediately before birth? I Oxytocin levels rise II Progesterone levels fall III Dilation of the cervix IV Contraction of uterine smooth muscle.</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I, III only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I, II, III only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> I, IV only.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> All of the above.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Progesterone levels fall causing oxytocin levels to rise (positive feedback) and this causes uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix for birth.</p></div><div class="remove-section" style="display: none;" title="Remove question field"> </div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <p>Refresh this page to try a new set of 20 multiple choice questions. 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