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href="../1343/gene-pools-and-speciation-103-hl.html">Gene pools and speciation 10.3 HL</a></label></li></ul></div> <div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <button class="btn btn-default btn-block text-xs-center" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-feedback" style="margin-bottom: 10px"><i class="fa fa-send"></i> Feedback</button> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9" id="main-column"> <h1 class="page_title"> Meiosis 10.1 HL <a href="#" class="mark-page-favorite pull-right" data-pid="1341" title="Mark as favorite" onclick="return false;"><i class="fa fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../472/10-genetics-ahl.html">10 Genetics AHL</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Meiosis 10.1 HL</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img class="intro-image" readonly="true" src="../../images/10_geneticshl/crossing-over.png" style="width: 320px; height: 320px;"> <div class="content" readonly="true"> <div class="text">This topic is all about the higher level details of meiosis. That includes the formation of a chiasmata in crossing over and the movement of chromosomes during the two division of meiosis. Remember some of the details of meiosis have also been covered in the standard level topic Meiosis 3.3.</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary using these <a href="http://quizlet.com/25251706/101-meiosis-flash-cards/" target="_blank"><strong>10.1 Meiosis</strong> flashcards</a></p> <p><span style="border-block: unset; border-inline: unset; border-start-start-radius: unset; border-start-end-radius: unset; border-end-start-radius: unset; border-end-end-radius: unset; overflow-inline: unset; overflow-block: unset; overscroll-behavior-inline: unset; overscroll-behavior-block: unset; margin-block: unset; margin-inline: unset; scroll-margin-block: unset; scroll-margin-inline: unset; padding-block: unset; padding-inline: unset; scroll-padding-block: unset; 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scroll-margin: unset; outline: unset; -moz-outline-radius: unset; outline-offset: unset; padding: unset; scroll-padding: unset; top: 0px; right: unset; bottom: unset; left: unset; z-index: unset; flex-flow: unset; place-content: unset; place-items: unset; flex: unset; place-self: unset; order: unset; width: unset; min-width: unset; max-width: unset; height: unset; min-height: unset; max-height: unset; box-sizing: unset; object-fit: unset; object-position: unset; grid-area: unset; grid: unset; gap: unset; vector-effect: unset; stop-color: unset; stop-opacity: unset; flood-color: unset; flood-opacity: unset; lighting-color: unset; mask-type: unset; clip-path: unset; mask: unset; x: unset; y: unset; cx: unset; cy: unset; rx: unset; ry: unset; r: unset; table-layout: unset; text-overflow: unset; text-decoration: unset; ime-mode: unset; scrollbar-width: unset; user-select: text; -moz-window-dragging: unset; -moz-force-broken-image-icon: unset; -moz-box-align: unset; -moz-box-direction: unset; -moz-box-flex: unset; -moz-box-orient: unset; -moz-box-pack: unset; -moz-stack-sizing: unset; -moz-box-ordinal-group: unset;"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/25251706/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/25251706/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-169" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="169"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-169" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-169" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-169" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img2.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-169" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-169" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-169/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Summary list for 10.1 Meiosis</h3> <p><u>Crossing over</u></p> <ul> <li>DNA replication makes a second chromatid in each chromosome in interphase before meiosis.</li> <li>Crossing over exchanges pieces of DNA between non-sister homologous chromatids and forms new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes formed in meiosis.</li> <li>Chiasmata are the crossing over points.</li> </ul> <div> <p><u>Chromosomes movements</u></p> <ul> <li>Details of chromosome movements in meiosis. <ul> <li>Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I.</li> <li>Sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Random orientation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I leads to independent assortment of alleles.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Student skills and applications</strong></p> <ul> <li>Drawing diagrams to show chiasmata formed by crossing over.</li> <li>show sister chromatids still closely aligned, except at the point where crossing over occurred and a chiasma was formed.</li> </ul> </div> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3>Mindmaps</h3> <p>This diagram summaries the main sections of topic 10.1.<br> Test if you can draw something like these concept maps from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-170" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="170"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spiderfullmeiosis.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-170" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spiderfullmeiosis.jpeg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spiderlistmeiosis.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-170" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spiderlistmeiosis.jpeg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spidersimplemeiosis.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-170" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spidersimplemeiosis.jpeg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-170" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-170" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spiderfullmeiosis-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spiderlistmeiosis-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../std-galleries/5-170/101spidersimplemeiosis-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Exam style question about meiosis</h3> <p>Explaining the movement of chromosomes is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Describe crossing over and the formation of a chiasma. Credit will be given to labelled diagrams. [4]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>.</strong></p> <p><strong>.</strong></p> <p><strong>.</strong></p> <p>.</p> <p><strong>.</strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <div class="yellowBg"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <p><em>Award credit for correctly labelled diagrams or sentences describing the process</em>.</p> <ul> <li>crossing over/chiasmata takes place between two homologous chromosomes.</li> <li>between non-sister chromatids.</li> <li>a break in the DNA occurs at the chiasma/crossing over point.</li> <li>the DNA rejoins on the non-sister chromatids.</li> <li>homologous chromosomes correctly drawn and labelled.</li> <li>chiasmata correctly drawn and labelled.</li> </ul> <p>.<img alt="" src="../../images/10_geneticshl/crossing_over_sketch.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 208px;"></p> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Extra exam question on variation due to meiosis. Click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Genetic variation caused by meiosis is an important aspect of this topic.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> <b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 106%;">Question: Outline the ways in which genetic variation is achieved in gamete production by meiosis. (5 marks)</span></b><strong>.</strong></span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></p> <hr> <div class="yellowBg"> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr><i><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:106%;font-family:">Outline – important points with an explanation.</span></i> <em>.</em></div> Click on the "+" icon to see a model answer. <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 106%;">Question: Outline the ways in which genetic variation is achieved in gamete production by meiosis. (5 marks)</span></b><strong>.</strong></span></p> <p><em>Some of these points could be explained using a simple drawing.</em></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Variation is achieved by crossing over between non-sister chromosomes.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Crossing over occurs in prophase I of meiosis.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Non – sister chromosomes exchange genetic material.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Giving new combinations of alleles on each chromosome.</span></li> </ul> <p><img alt="" src="../../images/richard/topic-3-images/chiasmata-label.jpg" style="width: 245px; height: 104px;"></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The pairs of homologous chromosomes align randomly in meiosis I.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Random orientation gives random assortment of chromosomes in the gametes as the chromosomes separate (in meiosis II).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Random assortment of chromosomes gives unique combinations of chromosomes in the daughter gametes.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Mutations may occur spontaneously in replication of DNA before meiosis.</span> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Extra exam question on the process of mitosis and meiosis. Click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <div class="yellowBg"> <p>An understanding of the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis is conceptually important.</p> <p>Answer the question on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <p><strong>Compare the events of the process of meiosis with mitosis. (3 marks).</strong></p> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr><em>Hint: </em> <p><em>Compare is asking for similarities (not differences).</em></p> </div> Click on the "+" icon to see a model answer. <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3>Model answer</h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Compare the events of the process of meiosis with mitosis. (3 marks).</strong></p> <p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">In comparison, point out the features which both processes have in common</span>, writing about each process in one sentence or using the term "both".</p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both are divisions of the nucleus of a cell.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both involve replication of DNA and the doubling of the chromosome number.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both involve the formation of a spindle (comprised of protein).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both involve the alignment of chromosomes or chromatids on the equator of the cell (in metaphase).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both involve the separation of chromosomes or chromatids to the poles of the cell (in anaphase).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both involve the separation of chromosomes or chromatids by contraction of the spindle protein.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3>Multiple choice questions</h3> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#3420e635"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="3420e635"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 class="modal-title" style="width: 100%;"> 10.1 Meiosis <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> </h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-418-1341" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur and between which structures?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Anaphase I between non-sister chromatids</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Prophase I between sister chromatids</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Anaphase I between sister chromatids</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Prophase I between non-sister chromatids</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Crossing over (chiasma) occurs in prophase 1 between non-sister chromatids.<br>Chromatid is the term for the two strands of DNA produced by DNA replication which are joined at the centromere of a chromosome.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The random orientation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis results in which feature of meiosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Independent assortment of alleles.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Crossing over.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Formation of sister chromatids</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cell division.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Independent assortment is caused by the random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I, so C is correct.</p><p>Crossing over further mixes the alleles of linked genes.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>3. In which division of meiosis do;</p><p style="margin-left: 40px;">A) homologous chromosomes separate, and<br>B) sister chromatids separate?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A) Meiosis I B) Meiosis I</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A) Meiosis II B) Meiosis II</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A) Meiosis II B) Meiosis I</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A) Meiosis I B) Meiosis II</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In metaphase I the homologous chromosomes are in pairs (tetrads) on the equator of the spindle.</p><p>In anaphase I the individual chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell</p><p>In metaphase II the double stranded chromosomes line up on the equator of the spindle</p><p>In anaphase II the centromeres of each chromosome split and the individual chromatids become separate single stranded chromosomes.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>How do the chromosomes become double stranded before the start of meiosis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Copies of the chromosomes are made by mitosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chromosomes are split using restriction enzymes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chromatin and histone proteins divide.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The DNA is copied in DNA replication </label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>DNA replication makes a second strand of DNA forming a second chromatid in each chromosome in interphase before meiosis.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the affect of crossing over on the alleles found in chromosomes?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Additional alleles are added to chromosomes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Alleles are replicated.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Some alleles have been removed from the genome.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> The alleles are in new combinations.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Crossing over causes some alleles to be exchanged from one chromatid to another.</p><p>The new chromosomes are different from the original chromosomes.</p><p>This increases diversity in offspring.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following lists the chromosome movements of meiosis in the correct sequence?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Double stranded chromosomes split, cell divides, homologous chromosomes separate, cells divide..</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Crossing over takes place, cell divides, homologous chromosomes separate, cells divide.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Double stranded chromosomes split, cell divides, crossing over takes place, cells divide.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Homologous chromosomes separate, cell divides, double stranded chromosomes split, cells divide.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Details of chromosome movements in meiosis. ie: Homologous chromosomes line up in pairs, crossing over takes place, homologous chromosomes separate, cell divides, double stranded chromosomes split cells divide again.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of these statements describes a difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Meiosis I occurs without crossing over, meiosis II includes crossing over.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Meiosis I happens in prokaryotes Meiosis II in eukaryotes.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Meiosis I includes crossing over, and Meiosis II separates homologous chromosomes.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation">Meiosis I includes crossing over and separates homologous chromosomes,<br>Meiosis II separates sister chromatids</div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The drawing below shows an image of homologous chromosomes during meiosis and two diagrams drawn by biologists to show chiasmata formed by crossing over.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../images/10_geneticshl/crossing_over_sketch2.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 184px;"></p><p>Which of the diagrams A or B shows the most convincing interpretation and why?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> B because there is only one chiasmata shown.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> A because the centromeres are definitely not touching.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> B because it clearly shows the chromatids.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> A because only one chromatid will cross over from each chromosome.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In diagrams of crossing over sister chromatids will be closely aligned, except at the point where crossing over occurs and a chiasma is formed.</p><p>In A the chromatids are close together except where one of the sister chromatids from each chromosome crosses over.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <h3>Drag and drop activities</h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-904-1341"><p>Independent assortment during meiosis creates genetic variation.</p><p>Drag an drop the correct word or phrase into the gap to outline how independent assortment occurs.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Prophase 1</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">equator</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">second</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">centromere</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true"> randomly</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Prophase II</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">sister</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">centre</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">separated</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">gamete</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">homologous</span> </p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>In <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Prophase 1"> <span class="review"></span> of meiosis, <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="homologous"> <span class="review"></span> chromosomes pair and become attached by their <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="centromere"> <span class="review"></span> . The pairs of homologous chromosomes then associate into a bivalent of <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="sister"> <span class="review"></span> chromosomes.</p><p>In Metaphase 1 of meiosis, the bivalents line up on the spindle at the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="equator"> <span class="review"></span> . Each tertrad orientates <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c=" randomly"> <span class="review"></span> and independently of any other set of bivalents.</p><p>In Anaphase 1, the bivalents are <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="separated"> <span class="review"></span> , any pair can be drawn to either pole independently. The pairs of chromatids later separate during the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="second"> <span class="review"></span> division of meiosis giving different combinations of chromatids in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="gamete"> <span class="review"></span> .</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Homologous chromosomes have identical alleles, inherited from on of the parents. Sister chromosomes have identical genes but may have different alleles and are inherited from the other parent.</em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. Try this <a href="http://quizlet.com/25251706/match" target="_blank">meiosis card matching game</a>.<br> Can you reach the leader board?</p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/25251706/match/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <ul> </ul> <div class="page-container panel-self-assessment" data-id="1341"> <div class="panel-heading">MY PROGRESS</div> <div class="panel-body understanding-rate"> <div class="msg"></div> <label class="label-lg">Self-assessment</label><p>How much of <strong>Meiosis 10.1 HL</strong> have you understood?</p><div class="slider-container text-center"><div id="self-assessment-slider" class="sib-slider self-assessment " data-value="1" data-percentage=""></div></div> <label class="label-lg">My notes</label> <textarea name="page-notes" class="form-control" rows="3" placeholder="Write your notes here..."></textarea> </div> 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