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fa-star-o"></i></a> </h1> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="../../../../biology.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><a href="../../470/08-metabolism-ahl.html">08 Metabolism AHL</a><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right divider"></i></li><li><span class="gray">Cell respiration 8.2 HL</span></li> <span class="pull-right" style="color: #555" title="Suggested study time: 30 minutes"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> 30'</span> </ol> <article id="main-article"> <style type="text/css">ol.breadcrumb { margin-bottom: 0 }</style><div id="toc-1675506064" class="toc"><a href="#" class="toc-switcher" title="Show table of contents"><small><i class="fa fa-reorder"></i> Table of contents <span class="pull-right"><i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></span></small></a><ol><li><a href="#header-1" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-1">Summary list for 8.2 Respiration</a></li><li><a href="#header-2" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-2">Mindmaps</a></li><li><a href="#header-3" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-3">Exam style question about cell respiration.</a></li><li><a href="#header-4" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-4">Model answer</a></li><li><a href="#header-5" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-5">Exam style question about mitochondria and respiration.</a></li><li><a href="#header-6" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-6">Model answer </a></li><li><a href="#header-7" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-7">Model answer</a><ol></ol></li><li><a href="#header-8" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-8"> 8.2 Cell respiration 1/1 </a></li></ol><li><a href="#header-9" class="scroll-to" data-target="header-9">Drag and drop activities</a></li></div><div class="intro-card" readonly="false"><img alt="" src="../../../images/02_molecules/respiration.png" style="float: left; width: 154px; height: 100px;">This topic looks at the details of glycolysis, the link reaction and the krebs cycle. The structure of mitochondria is related to its function and the amazing process of chemiosmosis is outlined leading to the production of water and ATP</div> <div class="panel panel-turquoise"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Key concepts</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Learn and test your biological vocabulary using these <strong><a href="http://quizlet.com/76795952/flashcards" target="_blank">8.2 Cell respiration</a> </strong>flashcards.</p> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe height="500" src="https://quizlet.com/76795952/flashcards/embed?i=xxmo&x=1jj1" style="border:0" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-yellow"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-176" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="176"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img0.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-176" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img0.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-176" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-176" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-176" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-176" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img4.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-176" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-176" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img0-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-176/img4-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>These slides summarise the essential understanding and skills in this topic. <br> They contain short explanations in text and images - great revision.</p> <p>Read the slides and look up any words or details you find difficult to understand.</p> <div id="carousel-210" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="210"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4.jpg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg" data-fancybox="gallery-210" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5.jpg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-210" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-1-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-2-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-3-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="3"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-4-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="4"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-210/112movement-5-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-violet"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Summary</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-1">Summary list for 8.2 Respiration<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p><u>Introduction to reactions in respiration</u></p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Cell respiration involves:</li> <li class="liWithoutP">the oxidation and reduction of electron carriers.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">the phosphorylation of molecules which makes them less stable.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">decarboxylation removes a carbon atom from a molecule.</li> </ul> <p><u>Glycolysis & the Krebs cycle</u></p> <ul> <li>Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm giving a small net gain of ATP (without the use of oxygen).</li> <li>Aerobic cell respiration converts the pyruvate by decarboxylation and oxidation, into an acetyl compound.</li> <li>In the link reaction acetyl is attached to coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A.</li> <li>In the Krebs cycle; <ul> <li>the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled to the reduction of hydrogen carriers, liberating carbon dioxide.</li> <li>reduced NAD and FAD (NADH+H<sup>+</sup> and FADH<sup>+</sup>) carry energy released by oxidation reactions to the cristae of the mitochondria.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><u>The electron transport chain & Mitochondrion structure.</u></p> <ul> <li>the electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is coupled to proton pumping.</li> <li>oxygen is the final electron acceptor.</li> <li>In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate ATP.</li> <li>Oxygen binds with the free protons to maintain the hydrogen gradient and resulting in the formation of water.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted its function. Annotate a diagram of a mitochondrion to show these adaptations.</li> </ul> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Skills </strong></p> <ul> <li class="liWithoutP">Active mitochondria have been studies using electron tomography - images.</li> <li class="liWithoutP">students will be able to identify where decarboxylation and oxidation reactions occur in diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration.</li> <li class="liWithoutP"><strong>Guidance:</strong> The names of the intermediate compounds in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are not required.</li> </ul> </div> <hr class="hidden-separator"> <h3 id="header-2">Mindmaps<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>This diagram summaries the main sections of topic 8.2.<br> Test if you can draw something like these concept maps from memory.</p> <div id="carousel-175" class="dynamic-gallery carousel slide" data-id="175"><div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"><div class="item active"><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspiderlist.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-175" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspiderlist.jpeg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspidersimple.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-175" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspidersimple.jpeg"></a></div><div class="item "><a class="fancy" href="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspiderfull.jpeg" data-fancybox="gallery-175" title="" data-caption=""><img alt="" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspiderfull.jpeg"></a></div></div><a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-175" role="button" data-slide="prev"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-175" role="button" data-slide="next"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><ol class="std-carousel-indicators"><li data-index="0"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspiderlist-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="1"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspidersimple-thumb128.jpg"><li><li data-index="2"><img title="Click to view" src="../../../../std-galleries/5-175/82cellrespirationspiderfull-thumb128.jpg"><li></li></ol> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Exam style questions</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-3"><a id="erq1" name="erq1"></a>Exam style question about cell respiration.<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Explaining the link reaction is an important skill from this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Compare and contrast the link reaction and the krebs cycle . [2]</strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> <p><strong>....................................................................................... ............................................................................ </strong></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer.</p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <div class="yellowBg"> <h3 id="header-4">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The link reaction produces acetyl-CoA the Krebs cycle uses acetyl-CoA.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The acetyl group reacts with CoA in the link reaction but it reacts with a with 4 carbon compound in the Krebs cycle.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Both link reaction and the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria matrix.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Extra exam style question on mitochondria. Click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <h3 id="header-5">Exam style question about mitochondria and respiration.<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>The relationship between the structure and function of the mitochondrion is an important aspect of aerobic respiration.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><b><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:">Outline six ways in which the structure of a mitochondrion is related to its function. (6 marks)</span></b></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="../../../images/richard/8.2-mitochondria%2C_mammalian_lung_-_tem.jpg" style="width: 157px; height: 152px;"><b><span calibri="" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%; font-family:"> </span></b></p> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr> <p><em>Examiner's hint: In an 'Outline' question give the most important points with an explanation or detail for each.</em></p> <p><em>Where there are six ways asked for it's best to try to outline seven, in case one point is incorrect.<br> Avoid any points which contradicts another.</em><em> Try to put the structural feature with the function.</em></p> </div> <p>Click the + icon to see a model answer </p> <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-6">Model answer <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Outline 6 ways in which the structure of a mitochondrion is related to its function. (6 marks) </strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The outer membrane of the mitochondrion is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide which allows the exchange of these gases.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The outer membrane has a transfer protein for pyruvate which brings pyruvate into the mitochondrion.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="color:#FF0000;">The inner membrane contains the electron carriers for the electron transfer chain.</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="color:#FF0000;"></span>The inner membrane is folded into cristae to give a larger surface area for the electron transport chain.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The double membrane creates an intermembrane space for hydrogen ions to accumulate.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The electron carriers of the inner membrane pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The hydrogen pump creates a high hydrogen ion concentration/electrical potential gradient in the intermembrane space.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The inner membrane is impermeable to hydrogen ions (except at ATP synthase).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;"> ATP synthase embedded in the inner membrane allows the <span style="color:#FF0000;">protons to flow back </span><span style="color:#FF0000;">through </span>the inner membrane into the matrix.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Proton flow through ATP synthase provides</span><span style="color:#FF0000;"> energy for ATP formation (by chemiosmosis).</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The matrix contains the enzymes of the Krebs cycle.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The matrix contains microbial DNA (and ribosomes) to manufacture the enzymes of the Krebs cycle.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-has-colored-body panel-expandable panel-has-border panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div> <p>Extra exam question on the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration Click to open.</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>The role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is an important concept in this topic.</p> <p>Answer the question below, on a piece of paper, then check your answer against the model answer below.</p> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Describe the role of oxygen in the production of ATP aerobic respiration (4 marks).</strong></p> <hr> <hr> <hr> <hr><em>Hint: Your response must link the use of oxygen to the production of ATP.</em></div> Click on the "+" icon to see a model answer. <button class="btn btn-xs bg-turquoise showhider"><i class="fa fa-fw fa-plus"></i></button><section class="hiddenbox hidden"> <h3 id="header-7">Model answer<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <div class="yellowBg"> <p><strong>Describe the role of oxygen in the production of ATP by aerobic respiration (4 marks).</strong></p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Aerobic respiration produces ATP using a proton gradient and chemiosmosis.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Creating the proton gradient requires a flow of electrons through the electron transport chain.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Allowing the maintenance of the proton gradient (flow of electrons) for the production of ATP.</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;"><span style="color:#FF0000;">When the protons pass through ATP synthase pores, they bind to oxygen.</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">The protons, electrons and oxygen form water.</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-green"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Test yourself</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>This is a self marking quiz containing questions covering the topic outlined above.<br> Try the questions to check your understanding.</p> <br><a class="btn btn-primary btn-block text-center" data-toggle="modal" href="#9cb8f377"><i class="fa fa-play"></i> START QUIZ!</a><div class="modal fade modal-slide-quiz" id="9cb8f377"> <div class="modal-dialog" style="width: 95vw; max-width: 960px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header slide-quiz-title"> <h4 id="header-8"> 8.2 Cell respiration <strong class="q-number pull-right"> <span class="counter">1</span>/<span class="total">1</span> </strong> <small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body p-xs-3"> <div class="slide-quiz" data-stats="5-421-1196" style="opacity: 0"> <div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the name given to the process where ATP provides phosphate for glucose in glycolysis?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Decarboxylation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Reduction</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Lysis</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Phosphorylation</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>This reaction can be callsed the phosphorylation of glucose.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What happens to a molecule which is said to be decarboxylated?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Dissolved carbon dioxide is released</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Carbon is removed making carbon dioxide</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hydrogen is combined with carbon and oxygen.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Carbon is added from carbon dioxide.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Decarboxylation describes the removal of carbon from a molecule in a metabolic pathway.<br>This happens in the link reaction and also in the Krebs cycle.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>The diagram below shows the process of glycolysis.</p><p><img alt="" src="../../../images/08_resp_photosn/glycolysis.png" style="width: 450px; height: 344px;"></p><p>What is the process happening in steps 7 and 8 of this process, eventually producing pyruvate?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Dephosporylation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Dehydrogenation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Decarboxylation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Hydroxylation</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Glycolysis involves the phosphorylation of molecules, e.g. glucose, which helps lysis.</p><p>Dephosphorylation removes phosphate from molecules in steps 7 and 8.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>In which part of the cell does the Link reaction take place?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Cytoplasm</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Matrix of mitochondria</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> rER</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Inner membrane of mitochondria</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The link reaction and the Krebs cycle take place in the matrix of the mitochondria</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Which of the following statements is correct about the production of ATP during the stages of aerobic cell respiration?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Glycolysis uses up ATP</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Chemiosmosis produces a small net gain of ATP.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> No ATP is produced during the Krebs cycle.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Glycolysis produces a small net gain of ATP.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm giving a small net gain of ATP(without the use of oxygen.)</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>Where do the electrons go to after the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Oxygen reacts with pyruvate.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Oxygen is needed for decarboxylation</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Oxygen helps to reduce NAD</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is coupled to proton pumping.</p><p>Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the molecule which connects glycolysis and the link reaction?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Oxygen</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Acetyl Co-A</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> NAD</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Pyruvate</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis, this molecule is the first substrate of the link reaction.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What are the reactions which take place in the matrix of mitochondria?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Decarboxylation and chemiosmosis</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Reduction of NAD and the electron transport chain</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> Glycolysis and the link reaction</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> Link reaction and Krebs cycle</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>The electron transport chain & chemiosmosis take place on or in the mitochondrion inner membrane.</p><p>Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.</p><p>The link reaction occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria as does the Krebs cycle.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p>What is the role of the enzyme ATP synthase in aerobic respiration?</p></div><div class="q-answer"><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It performs the link reaction.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It reduces ATP using protons from chemiosmosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input class="c" type="radio"> It generates ATP using the flow of protons in chemiosmosis.</label></p><p><label class="radio"><input type="radio"> It dephosphorulates ADP using energy from ATP.</label></p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p>In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate ATP.</p><p>Oxygen binds with the free protons to maintain the hydrogen gradient and resulting in the formation of water.</p></div><div class="slide-q-actions"><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer slide-quiz-actions"> <div class=""> <div class="pull-left pull-xs-none mb-xs-3"> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-prev"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Prev </button> </div> <div class="pull-right pull-xs-none"> <button class="btn btn-success btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-results" style="display: none"> <i class="fa fa-bar-chart"></i> Check Results </button> <button class="btn btn-default d-xs-none btn-next"> Next <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> </button> <button class="btn btn-default btn-xs-block text-xs-center btn-close" data-dismiss="modal" style="display: none"> Close </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-footer"> <div> <p>text</p> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id="header-9">Drag and drop activities<small class="toc-back-button"><a href="#" class="scroll-to" data-target="toc-1675506064" title="Back to table of contents"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-up gray"></i></a></small></h3> <p>Test your ability to construct biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p> <div class="tib-quiz" data-stats="5-857-1196"><p>Test your knowledge of biological explanations using the drag and drop questions below.</p><p><strong>Summary of the generation of ATP by aerobic respiration.</strong></p><p>Note: This is a summary, it does not contain the details.</p><p>Drag and drop the correct term into the gap to describe a summary of ATP formation by oxidative phosphorylation.</p><div class="label label-default q-number">1</div><div class="exercise shadow-bottom"><div class="q-question"><p> </p><p class="gap-drop"> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">carbon dioxide</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">NAD</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">oxygen</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">oxidation</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">protons</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">oxidative phosphorylation</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">synthase</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Calvin</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">inner</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">electrons</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">Krebs</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">outer</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">acceptor</span> <span class="q-text-draggable draggable" draggable="true">potential</span></p></div><div class="q-answer"><p>Reduced <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="NAD"> <span class="review"></span> and FAD produced in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="Krebs"> <span class="review"></span> cycle donate <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="electrons"> <span class="review"></span> to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="inner"> <span class="review"></span> mitochondrial membrane. These electrons are passed down the ETC in the membrane causing <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="protons"> <span class="review"></span> to accumulate in the intermembrane space.</p><p>The accumulated protons pass through an ATP <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="synthase"> <span class="review"></span> pore in the membrane into the stroma (chemiosmosis), losing electrical <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="potential"> <span class="review"></span> energy which is used to drive the formation of ATP by <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="oxidative phosphorylation"> <span class="review"></span> . The electrons and protons then combine with <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="oxygen"> <span class="review"></span> to form water.</p><p>The ETC cannot function in the absence of oxygen as it is the final electron <input type="text" style="height: auto;" data-c="acceptor"> <span class="review"></span> at the end of the ETC.</p></div><div class="q-explanation"><p><em>Explanation: The ETC creates the proton gradient for ATP formation. The role of oxygen is to act as tyhe final electron acceptor for the ETC. </em></p></div><div class="actions"><span class="score" data-score="0"></span><button class="btn btn-default btn-sm btn-xs-block text-xs-center check"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><div class="totals"><span class="score"></span><button class="btn btn-success btn-block text-center check-total"><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i> Check</button></div></div><hr> <div class="panel panel-fucsia"> <div class="panel-heading"><a class="expander pull-right" href="#"><span class="fa fa-plus"></span></a> <div> <p>Just for fun</p> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div> <p>Everyone needs a bit of fun while they revise. 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