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<h2>SL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>What will happen if the pressure is increased in the following reaction mixture at equilibrium?</p>
<p>CO<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (aq)</p>
<p>A. The equilibrium will shift to the right and pH will decrease.</p>
<p>B. The equilibrium will shift to the right and pH will increase.</p>
<p>C. The equilibrium will shift to the left and pH will increase.</p>
<p>D. The equilibrium will shift to the left and pH will decrease.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which classification is correct for the reaction?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>(aq) + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_12.48.11.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/19"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which two species act as Brønsted–Lowry acids in the reaction?</p>
<p style="padding-left:120px;">H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (aq) + OH<sup>−</sup> (aq) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (aq) and OH<sup>−</sup> (aq)</p>
<p>B. H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (aq) and HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (aq)</p>
<p>C. HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (aq) and H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</p>
<p>D. H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (aq) and H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which apparatus can be used to monitor the rate of this reaction?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>COCH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>COCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced><mo>+</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced><mo>+</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math></span></p>
<ol style="list-style-type: upper-roman;">
<li><span class="fontstyle0">A pH meter</span></li>
<li><span class="fontstyle0">A gas syringe</span></li>
<li><span class="fontstyle0">A colorimeter <br> </span></li>
</ol>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. I and II only<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. I and III only<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. II and III only<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. I, II and III</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which is <strong>not</strong> a source of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. burning coal</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. internal combustion engines</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. burning methane</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. volcanic eruptions</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. methane</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. carbon dioxide</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. nitrogen oxides</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. sulfur dioxide</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p style="text-align: center;">Activity series of selected elements:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="mjpage mjpage__block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" alttext="{\text{greatest activity}}\xleftarrow{{{\text{K, Ca, Al, Fe, H, Cu, Ag, Au}}}}{\text{least activity}}">
<mrow>
<mtext>greatest activity</mtext>
</mrow>
<mover>
<mo>←</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.556em" lspace="0.389em" voffset=".15em">
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>K, Ca, Al, Fe, H, Cu, Ag, Au</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
</mover>
<mrow>
<mtext>least activity</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span></p>
<p>Which react with dilute sulfuric acid?</p>
<p> I. Cu</p>
<p> II. CuO</p>
<p> III. CuCO<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statement is correct?</p>
<p>A. A strong acid is a good proton donor and has a strong conjugate base.</p>
<p>B. A weak acid is a poor proton acceptor and has a strong conjugate base.</p>
<p>C. A strong acid is a good proton donor and has a weak conjugate base.</p>
<p>D. A strong base is a good proton donor and has a weak conjugate acid.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which 0.01 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> aqueous solution has the highest pH?</p>
<p>A. HCl</p>
<p>B. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></p>
<p>C. NaOH</p>
<p>D. NH<sub>3</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>A student carried out a titration to determine the concentration of an acid and found that his value had good precision but poor accuracy. Which process explains this outcome?</p>
<p>A. Consistently overshooting the volume of solution from the burette into the flask.</p>
<p>B. Collection of insufficient titration data.</p>
<p>C. Reading the meniscus in the burette at a different angle each time.</p>
<p>D. Forgetting to rinse the flask after one of the titrations.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the order of increasing pH for the following solutions of the same concentration?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. HCl (aq) < NH<sub>3</sub> (aq) < NaOH (aq) < CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (aq)</p>
<p>B. CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (aq) < HCl (aq) < NH<sub>3</sub> (aq) < NaOH (aq)</p>
<p>C. HCl (aq) < CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (aq) < NH<sub>3</sub> (aq) < NaOH (aq)</p>
<p>D. NaOH (aq) < NH<sub>3</sub> (aq) < CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (aq) < HCl (aq)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which solution is basic at 25 °C?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><em>K</em><sub>w</sub> = 1.0 × 10<sup>−14</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. [H<sup>+</sup>] = 1.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. [OH<sup>−</sup>] = 1.0 × 10<sup>−13</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. solution of pH = 4.00</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. [H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>] = 1.0 × 10<sup>−13</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the conjugate acid of HS<sup>−</sup>?</p>
<p><br>A. H<sub>2</sub>S</p>
<p>B. S<sup>2−</sup></p>
<p>C. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>D. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>20 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> sulfuric acid was added dropwise to 20 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> barium hydroxide producing a precipitate of barium sulfate.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>(aq) + Ba(OH)<sub>2 </sub>(aq) → 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l) + BaSO<sub>4 </sub>(s)</p>
<p>Which graph represents a plot of conductivity against volume of acid added?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which <strong>cannot</strong> act as a Brønsted–Lowry base?</p>
<p>A. HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></p>
<p>B. H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p>C. CH<sub>4</sub></p>
<p>D. NH<sub>3</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What occurs when solid sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with aqueous sulfuric acid? </p>
<p>A. Bubbles of sulfur dioxide form. </p>
<p>B. Bubbles of both hydrogen and carbon dioxide form. </p>
<p>C. Bubbles of hydrogen form. </p>
<p>D. Bubbles of carbon dioxide form.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of these acids has the weakest conjugate base?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>HCl</mi></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>COOH</mi></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>NH</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mi>Cl</mi></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mi>COOH</mi></math></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the pH of 0.001 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> NaOH (aq)?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. 1 </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. 3</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. 11</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. 13</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which causes acid deposition?</p>
<p>A. SO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>B. SiO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>C. SrO</p>
<p>D. CO<sub>2</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What are the products of the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate?</p>
<p>A. NaSO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>B. Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>C. Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p>D. NaSO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the strongest acid in the equation below?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> H<sub>2</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> = 4.5 × 10<sup>−4</sup></p>
<p>A. H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub></p>
<p>B. H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p>C. H<sub>2</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup></p>
<p>D. H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following is correct?</p>
<p>A. A weak acid is a proton donor and its aqueous solution shows good conductivity.</p>
<p>B. A weak acid is a proton donor and its aqueous solution shows poor conductivity.</p>
<p>C. A weak acid is a proton acceptor and its aqueous solution shows good conductivity.</p>
<p>D. A weak acid is a proton acceptor and its aqueous solution shows poor conductivity.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which is an example of an amphiprotic species?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub><br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which substance will </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>not</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">produce copper(II) chloride when added to dilute hydrochloric acid?</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Cu</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mfenced></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Cu</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mrow><msub><mo>)</mo><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo></mrow><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>CuO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is an acid-base conjugate pair?</p>
<p>A. H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> / OH<sup>–</sup></p>
<p>B. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> / SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup></p>
<p>C. CH<sub>3</sub>COOH / H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>D. CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> / CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the difference between a conjugate Brønsted–Lowry acid–base pair?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Electron pair<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Positive charge<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Proton<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Hydrogen atom</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the 0.001 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> solutions is most likely to have a pH of 11.3?</p>
<p>A. Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>(aq)</p>
<p>B. H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4 </sub>(aq)</p>
<p>C. NaOH (aq)</p>
<p>D. NH<sub>4</sub>OH (aq)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which ions are present in an aqueous solution of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>?</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">I. HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><br>II. OH<sup>−</sup><br>III. CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup></p>
<p><br>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statement is <strong>incorrect</strong> for a 0.10 mol dm<sup>–3</sup> HCOOH solution?</p>
<p>A. pH = 1</p>
<p>B. [H<sup>+</sup>] << 0.10 mol dm<sup>–3</sup></p>
<p>C. [HCOO<sup>–</sup>] is approximately equal to [H<sup>+</sup>]</p>
<p>D. HCOOH is partially ionized</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>10.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide of pH = 10 is mixed with 990.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of distilled water. What is the pH of the resulting solution?</p>
<p>A. 8</p>
<p>B. 9</p>
<p>C. 11</p>
<p>D. 12</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases in the following reaction? </p>
<p>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + HNO<sub>3</sub> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAARCAYAAADQWvz5AAABFklEQVQ4EWP8////fwYqACYqmAE2YqAM+sxw98Yz7J4AhRHR4Pf1/zEMDP8rtz/A0MKAIUJI4Ol2UOT8n3HiFYpKFgaGPwwPL19iePHtN3Yno4myckkzrC5gYAi1EGNgOPGUId1cCqyC8f//7/83NacyzLvFwMCLpgkXl4tLhIGLi4HhzTdJhoaJZQzKHAwMjCD34dJAijjYa5c3LWE49o6NgZftF8Pnzz+J1v/zJzuDTWQMg5EoCwMLAwMLg6q+BEO+gifDfgYGhhmrlzKwf/lFpGFsDKwwlfCgf3Xovz8Dw/+mvU/hQqQwUKL/NzRqJ559R4oZYLUoWYRFyoPh3aW9DDpcMPcST1Mt1lBcRLz9mCqpZhAAjQ1JgToZNTsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" alt> H<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> + HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup></p>
<p>A. HNO<sub>3</sub> and HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup><sup> </sup></p>
<p>B. HNO<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> </p>
<p>C. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> </p>
<p>D. H<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> and HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which solution has a pH of 9?</p>
<p>A. 1.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>HCl</mtext></math> (aq)</p>
<p>B. 1.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>KOH</mtext></math> (aq)</p>
<p>C. 1.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>KOH</mtext></math> (aq)</p>
<p>D. 1.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>HCl</mtext></math> (aq)</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which 1.0 mol<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>dm<sup>–3</sup> solution has the highest pH?</p>
<p>A. Ammonium chloride</p>
<p>B. Sulfuric acid</p>
<p>C. Sodium chloride</p>
<p>D. Ammonia</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br>