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<h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>What is correct for pure hot water?<br><br></p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the pH of 1.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq)?</p>
<p><em>K</em><sub>w</sub> = 1.0 × 10<sup>−14</sup></p>
<p>A. 3</p>
<p>B. 4</p>
<p>C. 10</p>
<p>D. 11</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which solution is basic at 25 °C?</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">K<sub>w</sub> = 1.0 × 10<sup>−14</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. [H<sup>+</sup>] = 1.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. [OH<sup>−</sup>] = 1.0 × 10<sup>−13</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. solution of pH = 4.00</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. [H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>] = 1.0 × 10<sup>−13</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the major reason why the pH of unpolluted rain is less than 7?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. methane</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. carbon dioxide</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. nitrogen oxides</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. sulfur dioxide</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which of these oxides contribute to acid deposition?</span></p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;"><span class="fontstyle0">I. </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>SO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span><span class="fontstyle0">II. </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>NO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span><span class="fontstyle0">III. </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. I and II only<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. I and III only<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. II and III only<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. I, II and III</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which species is a Lewis acid but </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>not</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">a Brønsted–Lowry acid?</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>Cu</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span><span class="fontstyle3"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><msub><mi>NH</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span><span class="fontstyle3"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cu</mi></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>COOH</mi></math></span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species produced by the successive dissociations of phosphoric acid, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, are amphiprotic?</p>
<p>A. HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup></p>
<p>B. H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> and HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup></p>
<p>C. H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup></p>
<p>D. HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> only</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the pH of 0.01 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> KOH (aq)?</p>
<p><br>A. 1.0</p>
<p>B. 2.0</p>
<p>C. 12.0</p>
<p>D. 13.0</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What describes HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>?</p>
<p>A. Amphiprotic but not amphoteric</p>
<p>B. Amphoteric but not amphiprotic</p>
<p>C. Amphiprotic and amphoteric</p>
<p>D. Neither amphiprotic nor amphoteric</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">What is the pH of an ammonia solution that has </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>[</mo><msup><mi>OH</mi><mo>-</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">?</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></math><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What happens to the amount of hydroxide ions and hydroxide ion concentration when water is added to a solution of NH<sub>3 </sub>(aq)?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species acts as a Lewis and Brønsted–Lowry base?</p>
<p>A. [Al(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3+</sup></p>
<p>B. BF<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>C. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></p>
<p>D. OH<sup>−</sup></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is a Lewis acid, but not a Brønsted-Lowry acid?</p>
<p>A. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>BF</mtext><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>B. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>H</mtext><mtext>3</mtext></msub><msup><mtext>O</mtext><mtext>+</mtext></msup></math></p>
<p>C. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>NH</mtext><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>D. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mtext>Cl</mtext><mo>-</mo></msup></math></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is a possible value of pH at the equivalence point in the titration of a strong acid with a weak base?</p>
<p><br>A. 5</p>
<p>B. 7</p>
<p>C. 9</p>
<p>D. 11</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What is the pH of 0.001 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> NaOH (aq)?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. 1</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. 3</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. 11</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. 13</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the pH of a solution in which the hydroxide ion concentration is 1 × 10<sup>−11</sup> mol dm<sup>−3</sup> at 298 K?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>K</em><sub>w</sub> = 1 × 10<sup>−14</sup> at 298 K</p>
<p>A. 3</p>
<p>B. 7</p>
<p>C. 11</p>
<p>D. 14</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">With which do most acids react?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"> I. sodium hydrogen carbonate<br> II. magnesium<br> III. calcium sulfate<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. I and II only</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. I and III only</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. II and III only</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. I, II and III</span></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br>