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<h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, has a wide variety of uses including the removal of ice from aircraft and heat transfer in a solar cell.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be formed according to the following reaction.</p>
<p>2CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (g)</p>
<p>(i) Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii) State how increasing the pressure of the reaction mixture at constant temperature will affect the position of equilibrium and the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<p>Position of equilibrium:</p>
<p><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction using section 11 of the data booklet. The bond enthalpy of the carbon–oxygen bond in CO (g) is 1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iv) The enthalpy change, ΔH<sup>θ</sup>, for the following similar reaction is –233.8 kJ.</p>
<p>2CO(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l)</p>
<p>Deduce why this value differs from your answer to (a)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[7]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the average oxidation state of carbon in ethene and in ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<p>Ethene:</p>
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the boiling point of ethane-1,2-diol is significantly greater than that of ethene.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be oxidized first to ethanedioic acid, (COOH)<sub>2</sub>, and then to carbon dioxide and water. Suggest the reagents to oxidize ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>(i)<br><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\ll {K_{\text{C}}} = \gg \frac{{\left[ {{\text{HOC}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{OH}}} \right]}}{{{{\left[ {{\text{CO}}} \right]}^{\text{2}}} \times {{\left[ {{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}} \right]}^{\text{3}}}}}">
<mo>≪</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>=≫</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>HOC</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>OH</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>CO</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>×</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>3</mtext>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii)<br><em>Position of equilibrium:</em> moves to right <em><strong>OR</strong></em> favours product<br><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>: no change <em><strong>OR</strong></em> is a constant at constant temperature</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii)<br><em>Bonds broken:</em> 2C≡O + 3(H-H) / 2(1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 3(436kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) / 3462 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>Bonds formed:</em> 2(C-O) + 2(O-H) + 4(C-H) + (C-C) / 2(358kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 2(463kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 4(414kJmol<sup>-1</sup>) + 346kJmol<sup>-1</sup> / 3644 «kJ»</p>
<p>«Enthalpy change = bonds broken - bonds formed = 3462 kJ - 3644 kJ =» -182 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [3]</strong> for correct final answer.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for «+»182 «kJ».</em></p>
<p><br>(iv)<br>in (a)(iii) gas is formed and in (a)(iv) liquid is formed<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>products are in different states<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>conversion of gas to liquid is exothermic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>conversion of liquid to gas is endothermic<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>enthalpy of vapourisation needs to be taken into account</p>
<p><em>Accept product is «now» a liquid.</em><br><em>Accept answers referring to bond enthalpies being means/averages.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Ethene:</em> –2</p>
<p><em>Ethane-1,2-diol:</em> –1</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept 2–, 1– respectively.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>ethane-1,2-diol can hydrogen bond to other molecules «and ethene cannot»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>ethane-1,2-diol has «significantly» greater van der Waals forces</p>
<p><em>Accept converse arguments.<br>Award <strong>[0]</strong> if answer implies covalent bonds are broken</em></p>
<p>hydrogen bonding is «significantly» stronger than other intermolecular forces</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>acidified «potassium» dichromate«(VI)»/H<sup>+</sup> <strong><em>AND</em> </strong>K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/H<sup>+</sup> <em><strong>AND </strong></em>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2- </sup></p>
<p><em><strong>OR </strong></em></p>
<p>«acidified potassium» manganate(VII)/ «H<sup>+</sup>» KMnO<sub>4</sub> /«H<sup>+</sup>» MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup></p>
<p><em>Accept Accept H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> or H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> for H<sup>+</sup>.</em><br><em>Accept “permanganate” for “manganate(VII)”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Many reactions are in a state of equilibrium.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The equations for two acid-base reactions are given below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
</math></span> H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (aq) + OH<sup>–</sup> (aq)<br>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
</math></span> CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2–</sup> (aq) + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> (aq)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The following reaction was allowed to reach equilibrium at 761 K.</p>
<p>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + I<sub>2</sub> (g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> 2HI (g) Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup> < 0</p>
<p>Outline the effect, if any, of each of the following changes on the position of equilibrium, giving a reason in each case.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify two different amphiprotic species in the above reactions.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State what is meant by the term conjugate base.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the conjugate base of the hydroxide ion, OH<sup>–</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A student working in the laboratory classified HNO<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and HClO<sub>4</sub> as acids based on their pH. He hypothesized that “all acids contain oxygen and hydrogen”.</p>
<p>Evaluate his hypothesis.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> if both effects are correct.</em></p>
<p><em>Reason for increasing volume:</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “concentration of all reagents reduced by an equal amount so cancels out in K<sub>c</sub> expression”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “affects both forward and backward rates equally”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> AND H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>species that has one less proton/H<sup>+</sup> ion «than its conjugate acid»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>species that forms its conjugate acid by accepting a proton</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>species that is formed when an acid donates a proton</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “differs by one proton/H<sup>+</sup> from conjugate acid”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>oxide ion/O<sup>2–</sup></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>insufficient data to make generalization</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>need to consider a «much» larger number of acids</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>hypothesis will continue to be tested with new acids to see if it can stand the test of time</p>
<p>«hypothesis is false as» other acids/HCl/HBr/HCN/transition metal ion/BF<sub>3</sub> do not contain oxygen</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em></p>
<p>other acids/HCl/HBr/HCN/transition metal ion/BF<sub>3</sub> falsify hypothesis</p>
<p>correct inductive reasoning «based on limited sample»</p>
<p>«hypothesis not valid as» it contradicts current/accepted theories/Brønsted-Lowry/Lewis theory</p>
<p><em><strong>[Max 2 Marks]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>White phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus and exists as P<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>An equilibrium exists between PCl<sub>3</sub> and PCl<sub>5</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">PCl<sub>3 </sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> PCl<sub>5 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the P<sub>4</sub> molecule, containing only single bonds.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write an equation for the reaction of white phosphorus (P<sub>4</sub>) with chlorine gas to form phosphorus trichloride (PCl<sub>3</sub>).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the electron domain and molecular geometry using VSEPR theory, and estimate the Cl–P–Cl bond angle in PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the polarity of PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard enthalpy change (<em>ΔH</em><sup>⦵</sup>) for the forward reaction in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>ΔH</em><sup>⦵</sup><sub>f</sub> PCl<sub>3 </sub>(g) = −306.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>ΔH</em><sup>⦵</sup><sub>f</sub> PCl<sub>5 </sub>(g) = −398.9 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equilibrium constant expression,<em> K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, with a reason, the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of this equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="282" height="109"></p>
<p><em><br>Accept any diagram with each P joined to the other three. <br></em></p>
<p><em>Accept any combination of dots, crosses and lines.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>P<sub>4 </sub>(s) + 6Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) → 4PCl<sub>3</sub> (l) ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Electron domain geometry</em>: tetrahedral ✔</p>
<p><em>Molecular geometry</em>: trigonal pyramidal ✔</p>
<p><em>Bond angle</em>: 100«°» ✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept any value or range within the range 91−108«°» for <strong>M3</strong>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>polar <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>unsymmetrical distribution of charge<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>polar <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>dipoles do not cancel<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«polar as» dipoles «add to» give a «partial» positive «charge» at P and a «partial» negative «charge» at the opposite/Cl side of the molecule ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “polar <strong>AND</strong> unsymmetrical molecule”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«−398.9 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> − (−306.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) =» −92.5 «kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>» ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<em>K</em><sub>c</sub> =» <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mfrac><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msub><mi>PCl</mi><mn>5</mn></msub></mfenced><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msub><mi>PCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mfenced><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfenced></mrow></mfrac></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«shifts» left/towards reactants <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«forward reaction is» exothermic/ΔH is negative ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A mixture of 1.00 mol SO<sub>2</sub>(g), 2.00 mol O<sub>2</sub>(g) and 1.00 mol SO<sub>3</sub>(g) is placed in a 1.00 dm<sup>3</sup> container and allowed to reach equilibrium.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
</math></span> 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Distinguish between the terms reaction quotient, <em>Q, </em>and equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, is 0.282 at temperature T.</p>
<p>Deduce, showing your work, the direction of the initial reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Q</em>: non-equilibrium concentrations <strong><em>AND </em></strong><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>: equilibrium concentrations</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p>Q: «measured» at any time <strong><em>AND </em></strong><em>K</em><strong><em><sub>c</sub></em></strong>: «measured» at equilibrium</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong><em>Q</em> = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{{{[{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_3}]}^2}}}{{{{[{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}]}^2}[{{\text{O}}_2}]}} = \frac{{{{1.00}^2}}}{{{{1.00}^2} \times 2.00}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>S</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>O</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow>
<mtext>S</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>O</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>O</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mn>1.00</mn>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mn>1.00</mn>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>2.00</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span><strong>» =</strong> 0.500</p>
<p>reverse reaction favoured/reaction proceeds to the left <strong><em>AND</em></strong> <em>Q </em>> <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>/0.500 > 0.282</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>award M2 without M1.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) and Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) were placed in a sealed flask and allowed to reach equilibrium at 200 °C. The enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, for the decomposition of PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) is positive.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-21_om_08.14.28.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/03"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for the decomposition of PCl<sub>5</sub>(g).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving a reason, the factor responsible for establishing the new equilibrium after 14 minutes.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure and molecular geometry of PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«<em>K</em><sub>c</sub>» = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{\left[ {{\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_3}} \right]\left[ {{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}} \right]}}{{\left[ {{\text{PC}}{{\text{l}}_5}} \right]}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>PC</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>PC</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>5</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span></p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>decrease in temperature</p>
<p>endothermic «reaction» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«equilibrium» shifts to the left/reactants<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>endothermic «reaction» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><em>K</em><sub>c</sub> decreases<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>endothermic «reaction» <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>concentration of PCl<sub>5</sub> increased/concentration of PCl<sub>3</sub> and Cl<sub>2</sub> decreased<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>«equilibrium» shifts in exothermic direction</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “temperature change”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “ΔH positive” in place of “endothermic”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “products” instead of “PCl<sub>3</sub> and Cl<sub>2</sub>”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Lewis structure:</em></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p><em>Molecular geometry:</em></p>
<p>trigonal/triangular pyramidal</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize missing lone pairs once only between this question and 4(b).</em></p>
<p><em>Accept any combination of lines, dots or crosses to represent electrons.</em></p>
<p><em>Do not apply ECF.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Two hydrides of nitrogen are ammonia and hydrazine, N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. One derivative of ammonia is methanamine whose molecular structure is shown below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-22_om_18.03.06.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/04"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Hydrazine is used to remove oxygen from water used to generate steam or hot water.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(aq) + O<sub>2</sub>(aq) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p>The concentration of dissolved oxygen in a sample of water is 8.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>dm<sup>−3</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Estimate the H−N−H bond angle in methanamine using VSEPR theory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ammonia reacts reversibly with water.</p>
<p>NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Explain the effect of adding H<sup>+</sup>(aq) ions on the position of the equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrazine reacts with water in a similar way to ammonia. Deduce an equation for the reaction of hydrazine with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, using an ionic equation, what is observed when magnesium powder is added to a solution of ammonium chloride.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrazine has been used as a rocket fuel. The propulsion reaction occurs in several stages but the overall reaction is:</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p>Suggest why this fuel is suitable for use at high altitudes.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change of reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ, when 1.00 mol of gaseous hydrazine decomposes to its elements. Use bond enthalpy values in section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(g) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The standard enthalpy of formation of N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) is +50.6 kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>. Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization, Δ<em>H</em><sub>vap</sub>, of hydrazine in kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) → N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(g)</p>
<p>(If you did not get an answer to (f), use −85 kJ but this is not the correct answer.)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, showing your working, the mass of hydrazine needed to remove all the dissolved oxygen from 1000 dm<sup>3</sup> of the sample.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the volume, in dm<sup>3</sup>, of nitrogen formed under SATP conditions. (The volume of 1 mol of gas = 24.8 dm<sup>3</sup> at SATP.)</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>107<sup>°</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept 100° to < 109.5°.</em></p>
<p><em>Literature value = 105.8°</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>removes/reacts with OH<sup>−</sup></p>
<p>moves to the right/products «to replace OH<sup>−</sup> ions»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept ionic equation for M1.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>–</sup>(aq)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2OH<sup>–</sup>(aq).</em></p>
<p><em>Equilibrium sign must be present.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>bubbles<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>gas<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>magnesium disappears</p>
<p>2NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + Mg(s) → Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2NH<sub>3</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “hydrogen” without reference to observed changes.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept "smell of ammonia".</em></p>
<p><em>Accept 2H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + Mg(s) → Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)</em></p>
<p><em>Equation must be ionic.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>no oxygen required</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>bonds broken:</em><br>E(N–N) + 4E(N–H)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>158 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 4 x 391 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 1722 «kJ»</p>
<p><em>bonds formed:</em><br>E(N≡N) + 2E(H–H)<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>945 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup>» + 2 x 436 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup>» / 1817 «kJ»</p>
<p>«ΔH = bonds broken – bonds formed = 1722 – 1817 =» –95 «kJ»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award [3] for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award [2 max] for +95 «kJ».</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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"></p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Δ<em>H</em><sub>vap</sub>= −50.6 kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup> − (−95 kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>)</p>
<p>«Δ<em>H</em><sub>vap</sub> =» +44 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award [2] for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award [1 max] for −44 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>».</em></p>
<p><em>Award [2] for:</em><br><em>ΔH<sub>vap</sub> − = 50.6 kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1 </sup>−<sup> </sup>(−85 kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>) + = 34 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>».</em></p>
<p><em>A</em><em>ward [1 max] for −34 «kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>».</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>total mass of oxygen «= 8.0 x 10<sup>–3</sup> g<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>dm<sup>–3</sup> x 1000 dm<sup>3</sup>» = 8.0 «g»</p>
<p>n(O<sub>2</sub>) «<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" = \frac{{8.0{\text{ g}}}}{{32.00{\text{ g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}} = ">
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>8.0</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> g</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>32.00</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> g</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
</math></span>» 0.25 «mol»</p>
<p><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>n(N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) = n(O<sub>2</sub>)<br>«mass of hydrazine = 0.25 mol x 32.06 g<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup> =» 8.0 «g»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award [3] for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">h.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>«n(N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) = n(O<sub>2</sub>) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" = \frac{{8.0{\text{ g}}}}{{32.00{\text{ g}}\,{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}}} = ">
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>8.0</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> g</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>32.00</mn>
<mrow>
<mtext> g</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow>
<mtext>mo</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mtext>l</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>−</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
</math></span>» 0.25 «mol»</p>
<p>«volume of nitrogen = 0.25 mol x 24.8 dm<sup>3</sup><span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>–1</sup>» = 6.2 «dm<sup>3</sup>»</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award [1] for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">h.ii.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">h.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">h.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Urea, (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO, is excreted by mammals and can be used as a fertilizer.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in urea to two decimal places using section 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest how the percentage of nitrogen affects the cost of transport of fertilizers giving a reason.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The structural formula of urea is shown.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_13.51.02.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b_01"></p>
<p>Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries at the nitrogen and carbon atoms, applying the VSEPR theory.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_13.52.37.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b_02"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Urea can be made by reacting potassium cyanate, KNCO, with ammonium chloride, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl.</p>
<p> KNCO(aq) + NH<sub>4</sub>Cl(aq) → (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(aq) + KCl(aq)</p>
<p>Determine the maximum mass of urea that could be formed from 50.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.100 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> potassium cyanate solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Urea can also be made by the direct combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide gases.</p>
<p> 2NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) Δ<em>H </em>< 0</p>
<p>Predict, with a reason, the effect on the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, when the temperature is increased.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest one reason why urea is a solid and ammonia a gas at room temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch <strong>two </strong>different hydrogen bonding interactions between ammonia and water.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The combustion of urea produces water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.</p>
<p>Formulate a balanced equation for the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass spectrum of urea is shown below.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_14.15.23.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.g_01"></p>
<p>Identify the species responsible for the peaks at <em>m</em>/<em>z </em>= 60 and 44.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The IR spectrum of urea is shown below.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_14.21.30.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.h_01"></p>
<p>Identify the bonds causing the absorptions at 3450 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1700 cm<sup>−1</sup> using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the number of signals in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of urea.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>molar mass of urea <strong>«</strong>= 4 × 1.01 + 2 × 14.01 + 12.01 + 16.00<strong>» =</strong> 60.07 <strong>«</strong>g mol<sup>–1</sup><strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>% nitrogen = <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{{2 \times 14.01}}{{60.07}}">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>14.01</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>60.07</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></span> × 100 =<strong>» </strong>46.65 <strong>«</strong>%<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Award <strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1 max] </em></strong><em>for final answer not to </em><em>two decimal places.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong>cost<strong>» </strong>increases <strong><em>AND </em></strong>lower N% <strong>«</strong>means higher cost of transportation per unit of nitrogen<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>cost<strong>» </strong>increases <strong><em>AND </em></strong>inefficient/too much/about half mass not nitrogen</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept other reasonable explanations.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept answers referring to </em><em>safety/explosions.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_13.53.16.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Note: Urea’s structure is more complex </em><em>than that predicted from VSEPR theory.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[3 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>n</em>(KNCO) <strong>«</strong>= 0.0500 dm<sup>3</sup> × 0.100 mol dm<sup>–3</sup><strong>» =</strong> 5.00 × 10<sup>–3</sup> <strong>«</strong>mol<strong>»</strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong>mass of urea = 5.00 × 10<sup>–3</sup> mol × 60.07 g mol<sup>–1</sup><strong>» =</strong> 0.300 <strong>«</strong>g<strong>»</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[2] </em></strong><em>for correct final answer.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><strong>«</strong><em>K</em><sub>c</sub><strong>» </strong>decreases <strong><em>AND </em></strong>reaction is exothermic</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong><em>K</em>c<strong>» </strong>decreases <strong><em>AND</em></strong> Δ<em>H </em>is negative</p>
<p><strong><em>OR</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>«</strong><em>K</em><sub>c</sub><strong>» </strong>decreases <strong><em>AND </em></strong>reverse/endothermic reaction is favoured</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Any one of:</em></p>
<p>urea has greater molar mass</p>
<p>urea has greater electron density/greater London/dispersion</p>
<p>urea has more hydrogen bonding</p>
<p>urea is more polar/has greater dipole moment</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “urea has larger size/greater </em><em>van der Waals forces”.</em></p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “urea has greater </em><em>intermolecular forces/IMF”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[1 mark]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_14.09.21.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.e.ii/M"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Award </em><strong><em>[1] </em></strong><em>for each correct interaction.</em></p>
<p><em>If lone pairs are shown on N or O, then </em><em>the lone pair on N or one of the lone </em><em>pairs on O </em><strong><em>MUST </em></strong><em>be involved in the </em><em>H-bond.</em></p>
<p><em>Penalize solid line to represent </em><em>H-bonding only once.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>2(H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(s) + 3O<sub>2</sub>(g) → 4H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + 2CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2N<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p>correct coefficients on LHS</p>
<p>correct coefficients on RHS</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept (H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>N)</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>CO(s) +</em> <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{3}{2}">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</math></span><em>O</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>(g) → </em><em>2H</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>O(l) +</em><em> </em><em>CO</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>(g) +</em><em> </em><em>N</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>(g).</em></p>
<p><em>Accept any correct ratio.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>60:</em> CON<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></p>
<p><em>44:</em> CONH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Accept “molecular ion”.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>3450 cm</em><sup><em>–</em><em>1</em></sup><em>:</em> N–H</p>
<p><em>1700 cm<sup>–1</sup>:</em> C=O</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do </em><strong><em>not </em></strong><em>accept “O</em><em>–</em><em>H” for 3450 cm<sup>–1</sup></em><em>.</em></p>
<p><strong><em>[2 marks]</em></strong></p>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>1</p>
<p><em><strong>[1 mark]</strong></em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is in equilibrium with compound </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle2"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="247" height="82"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries around the </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>oxygen</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">atom of molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">using VSEPR.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img 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xQV+Xl6ccIA3eGwqn3SAD360grN7Fa1R79qDrgL9yt7Wrp62ONk9l8Xfuwz2nS8pnjwOvq3u3VH0vXj72nukO5KMJvkcHVX+oRn9X7eCo20OjVpo/8qOpEI+v6DuK6TGxbooT6JirfEq9u9U7VyWaaSLdXnAjR2PBsxDn8h6AeqX9yr7OlD1beDVTaLSz3TpmrVvkLVzqYyfbtqlHrZTbL3ePpPgr7kK3xHY2zt1GPePt2oGsfADdfRD9XgZwQQQAABBNq8QOsN+m1+aNsuQOnmTDldM7Wrla52B05CtvTVc1+Fn4TcdkecI0cAAQQQQACB+gQI+vWpcF/LEPAWKGeoVR2GZOnghTJ5vBUqOr5FT97t1D8XHgjZt98yDufPeumuqFBl+QXtmNNbiQ++/ccn+P5ZY/wdAQQQQAABBFq9AEG/1Q9x6z7A8tNbtSRjkHq5rLLEWpTYPV1TX9qtn0P+oanWIeBT0caJ6mi26470J/Xx+bAL87eOQ+QoEEAAAQQQQCCiAgT9iHLSGAIIIIAAAggggAAC0SFA0I+OcaAXCCCAAAIIIIAAAghEVICgH1FOGkMAAQQQQAABBBBAIDoECPrRMQ70AgEEEEAAAQQQQACBiAoQ9CPKSWMIIIAAAggggAACCESHAEE/OsaBXiCAAAIIIIAAAgggEFEBgn5EOWkMAQQQQAABBBBAAIHoECDoR8c40AsEEEAAAQQQQAABBCIqQNCPKCeNIYAAAggggAACCCAQHQIE/egYB3qBAAIIIIAAAggggEBEBQj6EeWkMQQQQAABBBBAAAEEokOAoB8d40AvEEAAAQQQQAABBBCIqABBP6KcNIYAAggggAACCCCAQHQIEPSjYxzoBQIIIIAAAggggAACERUg6EeUk8YQQAABBBBAAAEEEIgOAYJ+dIwDvUAAAQQQQAABBBBAIKICBP2IctIYAggggAACCCCAAALRIUDQj45xoBcIIIAAAggggAACCERUgKAfUU4aQwABBBBAAAEEEEAgOgQI+tExDvQCAQQQQAABBBBAAIGIChD0I8pJYwgggAACCCCAAAIIRIcAQT86xoFeIIAAAggggAACCCAQUQGCfkQ5aQwBBBBAAAEEEEAAgegQIOhHxzjQCwQQQAABBBBAAAEEIipA0I8oJ40hgAACCCCAAAIIIBAdAgT96BgHeoEAAggggAACCCCAQEQF2kjQ9+j4i31lMmVoa0lDfjwGH+bGrQK8Lnhd3DorgvcwN5gbzI1bBXhdtM3Xxa0zIVruaSNBP1q46QcCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCBD0jXGmCgIIIIAAAggggAAChgoQ9A3lphgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAsYIEPSNcaYKAggggAACCCCAAAKGChD0DeWmGAIIIIAAAggggAACxggQ9I1xpgoCCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYKEPQN5aYYAggggAACCCCAAALGCLTeoO85rVX3mmWKiVPnWbtUVo+n9+f/aKQlVibTYK39yVPPI+q7y60Dc2wyjXhHv/nq+3sT3efer8etsRr5399kZNkmOpomaNankmMfaMkrn6oEoCbwpUkEEEAAAQQQaGkCrT7o23ulqG/SLO2+Jel7dT7nAfVP6S0rQb+lzdt6+lumLROscjy8XsUE/Xp8uAsBBBBAAAEE2ppAqw/6zomL9e9eyZqddy18bL0Fyhl+t55anCEHQT/cpkX+RtBvkcNGpxFAAAEEEECgyQRaf9Cfsll75ndT5xk7FRr1Pede0/C+i7T3w0fqBH23Cg+s1uzBPeSKi5UjsZ/GPr1Zp65Xj0E9W3e8v+vw2jka0TtR8RaHutz5sBZvPBG+XchzSUfeeEIP9k2QI9ashO5DNGvVAf3mluQ+oLmOdnrwndBtOW7tnWWVZdSG4Ap1PVt3rp/aqucnpqlPB7tsJrs6pzygJ987pmtVK9ruLxYoyZ6hZSsylNLeqsTe87SnpPo4wm/LTmzUs6P7qYvDKmfyAE1c+poWDLBp0Ms/1jzQ+/th5cy+TykJNjnsyeo/epE2nQj/qMRdeEBrZgxRb0c7mSwd1X/0Ym2pxZP7yEJ1cUzTuh1ZmnhXJzlMNnW5e5Kyj/ymgp3PKyMlUQ6TQz1HLNKui36cqq8/MvYV6/2HrTLFxAa/A2/cKnToyUQ5M17Qqxm9lWBxKWVenvY+3Vu2pH/pfzXjKclXpA/HtVdC5mZd9nl0/MW+MpkytT10wlT3g1sEEEAAAQQQQKCFCLSBoL9dV/Y8pq6dZmpnTXDz6Fz2YPWet1dXtoYH/ZJ989UntoseWfediipu6lr+p1qaapdrxFvKD+TOukG/TF8/P1BOZ5oWf3RCRWVXdGrrfN1jT1bmhgvyBiZCub5+LkW2pPF685vfVeGuUPGx9ZrW1aLUVWfk/QtB33d1tx7vatfABXn6qaRSN8su6qu149TV3E9Z3wcDciDox8Qqafx/dab0ms4fO6vSeiam7/ePNbOLVb0n/Udf/3pVRT9u0cIB8TLFmGuDftlXWjbAocTURdp+okhlV07qo3kD5EzK0Ac/B49SJfu0oEecumWu0/eXKnTzWr72PJem9o77te6nqj75g35MrBx3LdDOn66psuyMckc7ZbI61eOBFTp08boqLn+tl9Otck7YVtXbxhjXXdF3B4K+KSZRmblnVHrtvI6fLdHNb5eonylJc2ong3yXN2pi+w6asvUq5z/UMz+4CwEEEEAAAQRapkAbCPo7VFG6QzMSOmlW9fYdz2llp3bRY7uvqzw06HsL9EZqnBKn7woLxJ5z2UqNcWnOHv8ycHjQ9xa+q7EOq4Zln1Xt6bwVOrKot+w9F+vLSkmXNyrDYlXGxuL6g+RtB32fijdkyNl+orZcCdmQfmO7pjmsemhdYWA2BoN+ohYc9HeioS+PTq9MlSNplnaFrPbfPPaS7m1XHfS9Knz3Ybksg7XmbO1RquKwnullUd+nj0jyqiAnTWbnDO0OfTfhOafVA2OVOGtPoAOBFf2YeM3YWftJQMmWDNli+mr5seq2vbrw5hDZkhYFntMoYzUQ9BPm64vQw3cf1fJ+ZiVN21E1xj5d2TJJiR2maDtn8TY0SbgfAQQQQAABBFqgQNsI+r4r2pLpUvL0TwLhznPyFaV1mqodpb7woF+6TZlxcRq/6Wr4UHqOKatnrHou+e6WoH8jb4YSTP304tGQbSaSbuRNV4I5TdlnPHIfnKuE2HTlFFStfIe3/pe37qjykn78bLNys7O0eM5EPfDPjnLEWDT89fOBCoGgb0rXGw3V9T/Kd0nrR1vlGPeBroa8Z9DNw1rc3Vq1on9DO6e7ZLszSz+EHeYN7Zzmkj11laRSfZTRTuYxmxSu59GxF3rJ1G1JsE/+Ff24gco+U2tRsWua7KZx2lzzRJ+K1j8km3Nu4DmNMVYDQd+WlqPww/foxMsDZa8O9r4SffxoByXXBP9ASf6DAAIIIIAAAgi0eIG2EfTl06X3xsiZOEN5pe5A0Os4YZP8i+GhK/q+i+s0Isas2Xtuhg+sN185g2LlemJ/naDvU/F7D8tRvTe87m1cLz375U3d+ORR2WJHaUNRaJIOKXHbK/qS99c8Lbi7vazte2jo2Jl6+uV1yjvytibHWzR8bUGg8UDQNw/Xf39toK7/UZ6zyk61qMO0PFWEdEmeH7Wieo++rzjwZqBmD3yd47T0XCz5Lip3WKxsM/YoXM+r/LWpMjmeCPbJH/RNQ/X2hbpBP0Pbaj5R8Kno/VFVQb9xxg0FffvwXNU9fM/plUo3uzR5yxV5S7ZrekLSrSdrh1rwMwIIIIAAAggg0AIF2kjQl7y/vKUHrYma+dFhvdzfqXHrfw9sowkN+ird2sCK/lEt61H/in75x5PlMt+nN87XBte688B98Ik/WdE/qHnOdhqZ+2vI1p4b2jXZLHO9J+NW6IsF3WXtOFEf/hKyxF66URMttxn0fZf03iirHGM3BN741PT95hE906N6Rb9c2yfHyz4sRw0fZqm2ja9/Rf+HpT3DV/RvK+hLjTG+naAvzzmtHWxV4uRturB9ujonzdantTuJagj4AQEEEEAAAQQQaMkCbSboy78qP8SqxAGDlGIfqXUXg8E8LOj7H5Map4Rpdfbon12lQTEOzQicwFlnj77/H92yttf49wpDQrpHZ1aly+GcqM3FPvmKN2q8xabMLVfqnyueb7W0a5wGrDhVdfKuf6X9hFb0i60/6FeFc3/wrj4P1t/wjYP/Vq84s4at+SlQp1Er+vLo1KuD5Eiao09rTlaWAqvepto9+j+/eb/i48dqfWHIpwOeM8pOsyohc1Ngj37+6/49+tPr7NE/q+wBsXJO3RXs022v6EuBf9jsT4ylcn00KfQ6+sGTcetb0fefT3A+Z7jiE0ZrykiX7nhsj0IvwlP/IHEvAggggAACCCDQsgTaTtD3B9pXBskWEyv7kLXKr1qADwv6kko+n6ve/qvu5PqvuuNWWUHwqjvx6at1KrAnJTzoy3dV+xakyNFphF7MO6XishLlf5alBzrYNWjZNyoPzIdyfbO0n+xdHtF7xy6r0lOpkvzP9cIgq7rN3a8ylenz2YkydZ+jHQXXVXn9gvYvH66kuNgGLq/p1g8v3i27PV0v7Luo8spruvDVu/pXP1vYlXIaF/T92/R3aHZXm1Km/lffFpao+MwnWpLeQeYYs1JXnAwcge/qXi1MsarziCztOlWsspJ87c0ark62gXrxm+BRqmSv5nf3X3UnN3DVHXdZQfCqO9Z0rTkZ3NATOBn3Nlf0G2dcqb2Pd5J94HL9UHxJRddvBq66U3/Q93/C87ZGWWNliu2ieZ9V9b9lvXbpLQIIIIAAAggg8IcCbSjoS+6jWerfzqy0V0/XXCGnbtD3X1WncP9KzUy7Q87YOMUn9VfG4o36sWa1u07Q9/O6L2rvyhm6r2eCHCarErqla/qr+1RYfREZ/2M8l3T4tZkadke8LDHt5OqapsnLdyq/amO87+o3emN6mrpZ21MGBnAAAAaTSURBVMnuStGYxZuVlzVQjnq37ki6flzr/zVUvZwWWS0d1GtQppasz9MrI2xKmLAxMOiNDfr+B18/8YEWPtBXSVarXJ0HaforWZqUaK3Z7x88zL3Knj5UfTtYZbO41DNtqlbtK6yxDDymcL+yp6Wrhz1OZmuyBo59RpuO1+AFr6N/u0E/WPxPjcu+ydaY7g5ZzT31zKHyPwz68hXq3VF2WbrO1/4b/gLVX1xHv1qCWwQQQAABBBBo2QKtN+i37HFp/t6XbNYkewfNzmulq93+bUepVv3zma/CT0Jufnl6gAACCCCAAAIIRESAoB8RxpbciFcFrw+TI36olh+4oDKPVxVFx7V1Xn8l9Fmog7WL8S35IGv77q5QRWW5Lmx/TCnOh7Su4bOLa5/DTwgggAACCCCAQAsUIOi3wEGLeJfLT2vbsxlK695Bjrg42Z3dNWTyy/r059B/aSriVZulQV/RRj3isqh9crr+ve28Qq5Z1Cz9oSgCCCCAAAIIINBUAgT9ppKlXQQQQAABBBBAAAEEmlGAoN+M+JRGAAEEEEAAAQQQQKCpBAj6TSVLuwgggAACCCCAAAIINKMAQb8Z8SmNAAIIIIAAAggggEBTCRD0m0qWdhFAAAEEEEAAAQQQaEYBgn4z4lMaAQQQQAABBBBAAIGmEiDoN5Us7SKAAAIIIIAAAggg0IwCBP1mxKc0AggggAACCCCAAAJNJUDQbypZ2kUAAQQQQAABBBBAoBkFCPrNiE9pBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSaSoCg31SytIsAAggggAACCCCAQDMKEPSbEZ/SCCCAAAIIIIAAAgg0lQBBv6lkaRcBBBBAAAEEEEAAgWYUIOg3Iz6lEUAAAQQQQAABBBBoKgGCflPJ0i4CCCCAAAIIIIAAAs0oQNBvRnxKI4AAAggggAACCCDQVAIE/aaSpV0EEEAAAQQQQAABBJpRgKDfjPiURgABBBBAAAEEEECgqQQI+k0lS7sIIIAAAggggAACCDSjAEG/GfEpjQACCCCAAAIIIIBAUwkQ9JtKlnYRQAABBBBAAAEEEGhGAYJ+M+JTGgEEEEAAAQQQQACBphIg6DeVLO0igAACCCCAAAIIINCMAgT9ZsSnNAIIIIAAAggggAACTSVA0G8qWdpFAAEEEEAAAQQQQKAZBQj6zYhPaQQQQAABBBBAAAEEmkqgjQR9j46/2FcmU4a2ljREyWPwYW7cKsDrgtfFrbMieA9zg7nB3LhVgNdF23xd3DoTouWeNhL0o4WbfiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqABB31BuiiGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIwAQd8YZ6oggAACCCCAAAIIIGCoAEHfUG6KIYAAAggggAACCCBgjABB3xhnqiCAAAIIIIAAAgggYKgAQd9QboohgAACCCCAAAIIIGCMAEHfGGeqIIAAAggggAACCCBgqMBtBf3Vq7LlcsSrQ3x7vjFgDjAHmAPMAeYAc4A5wBxgDkTxHHDaHTr6/fcNvrn4R+hfKisrVVpayjcGzAHmAHOAOcAcYA4wB5gDzIEWMAe8Xm9onA/7OSzoh/2FXxBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQKDFChD0W+zQ0XEEEEAAAQQQQAABBBoWIOg3bMNfEEAAAQQQQAABBBBosQIE/RY7dHQcAQQQQAABBBBAAIGGBf4/7EbaZ7uCqeAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="734" height="185"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The IR spectrum of one of the compounds is shown:</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="687" height="247"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><span class="fontstyle0">COBLENTZ SOCIETY. Collection © 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</span></em></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><br>Deduce, giving a reason, the compound producing this spectrum.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">are isomers. Draw two other structural isomers with the formula <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The equilibrium constant, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for the conversion of </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">in water at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, which compound, </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">or </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">, is present in greater concentration when equilibrium is reached.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Electron domain geometry: </em>tetrahedral<em> ✔</em></p>
<p><em>Molecular geometry: </em>bent/V-shaped<em> ✔</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>B <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math> absorption/<math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1750</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>»</mo></math> <br><em><strong>OR</strong></em> <br>B <em><strong>AND</strong></em> absence of <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>–</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo> </mo><mo>/</mo><mn>3200</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3600</mn><mo> </mo><mo>«</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>absorption</mi><mo>»</mo></math> ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Accept any value between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn mathvariant="italic">1700</mn><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">1750</mn><mo mathvariant="italic"> </mo><mi>c</mi><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo mathvariant="italic">−</mo><mn mathvariant="italic">1</mn></mrow></msup></math></em>.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Accept any two <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math> isomers except for propanone and propen-2-ol:</em></p>
<p><img 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">✔✔</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Penalize missing hydrogens in displayed structural formulas once only.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></math> <em><strong>AND</strong> </em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> is greater than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math>/large ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates answered correctly. The rest of the candidates often answered the question in terms of the carbon atom indicating that they did not read the question carefully.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>About 50% of the candidates answered correctly. Quite a few, however, gave compounds other than A or B, indicating not reading the question properly or being confused by the skeletal formulas given in the question.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Nearly half of the candidates gave two correct isomers. Propanal was often given as one of the isomers. Some candidates repeated the compounds given in the question and a few gave structures with 5 bonds on a carbon atom.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Half of the candidates answered correctly. A common mistake was K > 0 instead of K > 1.</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The properties of elements can be predicted from their position in the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why Si has a smaller atomic radius than Al.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the decrease in radius from Na to Na<sup>+</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3<sup>+</sup>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="768" height="190"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe metallic bonding and how it contributes to electrical conductivity.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure and molecular geometry of sulfur dichloride, SCl<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p><img 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" width="433" height="216"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, giving reasons, the relative volatilities of SCl<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Consider the following equilibrium reaction:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">2SO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + O<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2SO<sub>3 </sub>(g)</p>
<p>State and explain how the equilibrium would be affected by increasing the volume of the reaction container at a constant temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>nuclear charge/number of protons/Z/Z<sub>eff</sub> increases «causing a stronger pull on the outer electrons» ✓</p>
<p>same number of shells/«outer» energy level/shielding ✓</p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Na<sup>+</sup> has one less energy level/shell<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>Na<sup>+</sup> has 2 energy levels/shells <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>Na has 3 ✓</p>
<p>less shielding «in Na<sup>+</sup> so valence electrons attracted more strongly to nucleus»<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>effective nuclear charge/Z<sub>eff</sub> greater «in Na<sup>+</sup> so valence electrons attracted more strongly to nucleus» ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “more protons than electrons «in Na<sup>+</sup>»” <strong>OR</strong> “less electron-electron repulsion «in Na<sup>+</sup>»” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>Cr:</em><br>[Ar] 4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup> ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Cr<sup>3+</sup>:</em><br>[Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Accept “[Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup>4s<sup>1</sup>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “[Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup>4s<sup>0</sup>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award <strong>[1 max]</strong> for two correct full electron configurations “1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup> <strong>AND</strong> 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>3d<sup>3</sup>”.</em></p>
<p><em>Award<strong> [1 max]</strong> for 4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup> <strong>AND</strong> 3d<sup>3</sup>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>electrostatic attraction ✓</p>
<p>between «a lattice of» cations/positive «metal» ions <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«a sea of» delocalized electrons ✓</p>
<p><br>mobile electrons responsible for conductivity<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>electrons move when a voltage/potential difference/electric field is applied ✓</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> accept “nuclei” for “cations/positive ions” in M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “mobile/free” for “delocalized” electrons in M2.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “electrons move when connected to a cell/battery/power supply” <strong>OR</strong> “electrons move when connected in a circuit” for M3.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>H<sub>2</sub>O forms hydrogen bonding «while SCl<sub>2</sub> does not» ✓</p>
<p>SCl<sub>2</sub> «much» stronger London/dispersion/«instantaneous» induced dipole-induced dipole forces ✓</p>
<p><em><strong><br>Alternative 1:</strong></em><br>H<sub>2</sub>O less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>hydrogen bonding stronger «than dipole–dipole and dispersion forces» ✓</p>
<p><em><strong><br>Alternative 2:</strong></em><br>SCl<sub>2</sub> less volatile <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>effect of dispersion forces «could be» greater than hydrogen bonding ✓\</p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Ignore reference to Van der Waals.</em></p>
<p><em>Accept “SCl<sub>2</sub> has «much» larger molar mass/electron density” for M2.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>pressure decrease «due to larger volume» ✓</p>
<p>reactant side has more moles/molecules «of gas» ✓</p>
<p>reaction shifts left/towards reactants ✓</p>
<p><em><br>Award M3 only if M1 <strong>OR</strong> M2 is awarded.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Hydrogen peroxide can react with methane and oxygen to form methanol. This reaction can occur below 50°C if a gold nanoparticle catalyst is used.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Methanol is usually manufactured from methane in a two-stage process.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g)<br>CO (g) + 2H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CH<sub>3</sub>OH (l)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Consider the first stage of the reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The diagram shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve for the uncatalyzed reaction.</p>
<p>Draw a distribution curve at a lower temperature (T<sub>2</sub>) <strong>and</strong> show on the diagram how the addition of a catalyst enables the reaction to take place more rapidly than at T<sub>1</sub>.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="486" height="385"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The hydrogen peroxide could cause further oxidation of the methanol. Suggest a possible oxidation product.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the overall equation for the production of methanol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>8.00 g of methane is completely converted to methanol. Calculate, to three significant figures, the final volume of hydrogen at STP, in dm<sup>3</sup>. Use sections 2 and 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ. Use section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>Bond enthalpy of CO = 1077 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the expression for <em>K</em><sub>c</sub> for this stage of the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the value of <em>K<sub>c</sub></em>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><img 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" width="430" height="342"></p>
<p>curve higher <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>to left of T<sub>1</sub> ✔</p>
<p>new/catalysed <em>E</em><sub>a</sub> marked <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>to the left of E<sub>a</sub> of curve T<sub>1</sub> ✔</p>
<p><em>Do <strong>not</strong> penalize curve missing a label, not passing exactly through the origin, or crossing x-axis after E<sub>a</sub>.</em><br><em>Do <strong>not</strong> award M1 if curve drawn shows significantly more/less molecules/greater/smaller area under curve than curve 1.</em><br><em>Accept E<sub>a</sub> drawn to T<sub>1</sub> instead of curve drawn as long as to left of marked E<sub>a</sub>.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>methanoic acid/HCOOH/CHOOH<br><em><strong>OR</strong></em><br>methanal/HCHO ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept “carbon dioxide/CO<sub>2</sub>”.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>CH<sub>4</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> CH<sub>3</sub>OH(l) + H<sub>2</sub>(g) ✔</p>
<p><em>Accept arrow instead of equilibrium sign.</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>amount of methane = « <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mfrac><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>16</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac></math> = » 0.498 «mol» ✔</p>
<p>amount of hydrogen = amount of methane / 0.498 «mol» ✔</p>
<p>volume of hydrogen = «0.498 mol × 22.7 dm<sup>3 </sup>mol<sup>−1</sup> = » 11.3 «dm<sup>3</sup>» ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for final correct answer.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[2 max]</strong> for 11.4 «dm<sup>3</sup> due to rounding of mass to 16/moles to 0.5. »</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p>Σbonds broken = 4 × 414 «kJ» + 2 × 463 «kJ» / 2582 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p>Σbonds formed = 1077 «kJ» + 3 × 436 «kJ» / 2385 «kJ» ✔</p>
<p>Δ<em>H</em> «= Σbonds broken − Σbonds formed =( 2582 kJ − 2385 kJ)» = «+»197«kJ» ✔</p>
<p><em><br>Award <strong>[3]</strong> for final correct answer.</em><br><em>Award <strong>[2 Max]</strong> for final answer of −197 «kJ»</em></p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="italic">c</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mi>CO</mi></mfenced><msup><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfenced><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow><mrow><mfenced open="[" close="]"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mfenced><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfrac></math> ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
<p><em>K<sub>c</sub></em> increases <em><strong>AND</strong> </em>«forward» reaction endothermic ✔</p>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px;">
[N/A]
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>