File "SL-paper2.html"
Path: /IB QUESTIONBANKS/5 Fifth Edition - PAPER/HTML/Chemistry/Topic 4/SL-paper2html
File size: 688.46 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>IB Questionbank</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/application-02ef852527079acf252dc4c9b2922c93db8fde2b6bff7c3c7f657634ae024ff1.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="css/print-6da094505524acaa25ea39a4dd5d6130a436fc43336c0bb89199951b860e98e9.css">
<script src="js/application-9717ccaf4d6f9e8b66ebc0e8784b3061d3f70414d8c920e3eeab2c58fdb8b7c9.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML-full"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js'></script>
<![endif]-->
<meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token">
<meta name="csrf-token" content="iHF+M3VlRFlNEehLVICYgYgqiF8jIFlzjGNjIwqOK9cFH3ZNdavBJrv/YQpz8vcspoICfQcFHW8kSsHnJsBwfg==">
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
</head>
<body class="teacher questions-show">
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<div class="brand">
<div class="inner"><a href="http://ibo.org/">ibo.org</a></div>
</div>
<ul class="nav">
<li>
<a href="../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<!-- - if current_user.is_language_services? && !current_user.is_publishing? -->
<!-- %li= link_to "Language services", tolk_path -->
</ul>
<ul class="nav pull-right">
<li class="dropdown">
<a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
Help
<b class="caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/video_tour?locale=en">Video tour</a></li>
<li><a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/instructions?locale=en">Detailed instructions</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://ibanswers.ibo.org/">IB Answers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://06082010.xyz">IB Documents (2) Team</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-content container">
<div class="row">
<div class="span24">
<div class="pull-right screen_only"><a class="btn btn-small btn-info" href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/updates?locale=en">Updates to Questionbank</a></div>
<p class="muted language_chooser">
User interface language:
<a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/en/users/set_user_locale?new_locale=en">English</a>
|
<a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/en/users/set_user_locale?new_locale=es">Español</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="span16">
<p class="back-to-list">
</p>
</div>
<div class="span8" style="margin: 0 0 -19px 0;">
<img style="width: 100%;" class="qb_logo" src="https://mirror.ibdocs.top/qb.png" alt="Ib qb 46 logo">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>SL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>Titanium is a transition metal.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>TiCl<sub>4</sub> reacts with water and the resulting titanium(IV) oxide can be used as a smoke screen.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the bonding in metals.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Titanium exists as several isotopes. The mass spectrum of a sample of titanium gave the following data:</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Calculate the relative atomic mass of titanium to two decimal places.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{22}^{48}{\text{Ti}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>22</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>48</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>Ti</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span> atom.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the full electron configuration of the <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{22}^{48}{\text{Ti}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>22</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>48</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>Ti</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span><sup>2+</sup> ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why an aluminium-titanium alloy is harder than pure aluminium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of bonding in potassium chloride which melts at 1043 K.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A chloride of titanium, TiCl<sub>4</sub>, melts at 248 K. Suggest why the melting point is so much lower than that of KCl.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate an equation for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>one</strong> disadvantage of using this smoke in an enclosed space.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The equations show steps in the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere, some of which absorb ultraviolet light.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>Step 1 O<sub>2</sub> → 2O•</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 2 O• + O<sub>2</sub> → O<sub>3</sub></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 3 O<sub>3</sub> → O• + O<sub>2</sub></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Step 4 O• + O<sub>3</sub> → 2O<sub>2</sub></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the Lewis structures of oxygen, O<sub>2</sub>, and ozone, O<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why both bonds in the ozone molecule are the same length and predict the bond length in the ozone molecule. Refer to section 10 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Reason: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Length:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Distinguish ultraviolet light from visible light in terms of wavelength and energy.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Discuss how the different bond strengths between the oxygen atoms in O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in the ozone layer affect radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>When heated in air, magnesium ribbon reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The reaction in (a)(i) was carried out in a crucible with a lid and the following data was recorded:</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible and lid = 47.372 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon before heating = 53.726 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible, lid and product after heating = 56.941 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>When magnesium is burnt in air, some of it reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride according to the equation:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3 Mg (s) + N<sub>2 </sub>(g) → Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2 </sub>(s)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The presence of magnesium nitride can be demonstrated by adding water to the product. It is hydrolysed to form magnesium hydroxide and ammonia.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Most nitride ions are <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the block of the periodic table in which magnesium is located.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify a metal, in the same period as magnesium, that does <strong>not</strong> form a basic oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the amount of magnesium, in mol, that was used.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the percentage uncertainty of the mass of product after heating.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Assume the reaction in (a)(i) is the only one occurring and it goes to completion, but some product has been lost from the crucible. Deduce the percentage yield of magnesium oxide in the crucible.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Evaluate whether this, rather than the loss of product, could explain the yield found in (b)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest an explanation, other than product being lost from the crucible or reacting with nitrogen, that could explain the yield found in (b)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate coefficients that balance the equation for the following reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">__ Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2 </sub>(s) + __ H<sub>2</sub>O (l) → __ Mg(OH)<sub>2 </sub>(s) + __ NH<sub>3 </sub>(aq)</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> and in NH<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving reasons, whether the reaction of magnesium nitride with water is an acid–base reaction, a redox reaction, neither or both.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some nitride ions are <sup>15</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>. State the term that describes the relationship between <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup> and <sup>15</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The nitride ion and the magnesium ion are isoelectronic (they have the same electron configuration). Determine, giving a reason, which has the greater ionic radius.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> reasons why atoms are no longer regarded as the indivisible units of matter.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the types of bonding in magnesium, oxygen and magnesium oxide, and how the valence electrons produce these types of bonding.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="644" height="367"></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) and Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) were placed in a sealed flask and allowed to reach equilibrium at 200 °C. The enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, for the decomposition of PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) is positive.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-21_om_08.14.28.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/03"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for the decomposition of PCl<sub>5</sub>(g).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving a reason, the factor responsible for establishing the new equilibrium after 14 minutes.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure and molecular geometry of PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Butanoic acid, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH, is a weak acid and ethylamine, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>, is a weak base.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equation for the reaction of each substance with water.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why butanoic acid is a liquid at room temperature while ethylamine is a gas at room temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the formula of the salt formed when butanoic acid reacts with ethylamine.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnetite, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, is another ore of iron that contains both Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iron exists as several isotopes.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>In acidic solution, hydrogen peroxide, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, will oxidize Fe<sup>2+</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Fe<sup>2+</sup> (aq) → Fe<sup>3+</sup> (aq) + e<sup>−</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the ratio of Fe<sup>2+</sup>:Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of spectroscopy that could be used to determine their relative abundances.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each species.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="502" height="151"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Iron has a relatively small specific heat capacity; the temperature of a 50 g sample rises by 44.4°C when it absorbs 1 kJ of heat energy.</p>
<p>Determine the specific heat capacity of iron, in J g<sup>−1 </sup>K<sup>−1</sup>. Use section 1 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the half-equation for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water in acidic solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce a balanced equation for the oxidation of Fe2+ by acidified hydrogen peroxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Bonds can be formed in many ways.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The landing module for the Apollo mission used rocket fuel made from a mixture of hydrazine, N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, and dinitrogen tetraoxide, N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) + N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(l) → 3N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State and explain the difference in bond strength between the nitrogen atoms in a hydrazine and nitrogen molecule.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State why hydrazine has a higher boiling point than dinitrogen tetraoxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in the two reactants.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving a reason, which species is the reducing agent.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structures of ozone.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>White phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus and exists as P<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>An equilibrium exists between PCl<sub>3</sub> and PCl<sub>5</sub>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">PCl<sub>3 </sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> PCl<sub>5 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the P<sub>4</sub> molecule, containing only single bonds.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write an equation for the reaction of white phosphorus (P<sub>4</sub>) with chlorine gas to form phosphorus trichloride (PCl<sub>3</sub>).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the electron domain and molecular geometry using VSEPR theory, and estimate the Cl–P–Cl bond angle in PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the polarity of PCl<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the standard enthalpy change (<em>ΔH</em><sup>⦵</sup>) for the forward reaction in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>ΔH</em><sup>⦵</sup><sub>f</sub> PCl<sub>3 </sub>(g) = −306.4 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>ΔH</em><sup>⦵</sup><sub>f</sub> PCl<sub>5 </sub>(g) = −398.9 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equilibrium constant expression,<em> K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, with a reason, the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of this equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, has a wide variety of uses including the removal of ice from aircraft and heat transfer in a solar cell.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be formed according to the following reaction.</p>
<p>2CO (g) + 3H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (g)</p>
<p>(i) Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this reaction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(ii) State how increasing the pressure of the reaction mixture at constant temperature will affect the position of equilibrium and the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<p>Position of equilibrium:</p>
<p><em>K</em><sub>c</sub>:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction using section 11 of the data booklet. The bond enthalpy of the carbon–oxygen bond in CO (g) is 1077kJmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>(iv) The enthalpy change, ΔH<sup>θ</sup>, for the following similar reaction is –233.8 kJ.</p>
<p>2CO(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l)</p>
<p>Deduce why this value differs from your answer to (a)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[7]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the average oxidation state of carbon in ethene and in ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<p>Ethene:</p>
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol:</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the boiling point of ethane-1,2-diol is significantly greater than that of ethene.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol can be oxidized first to ethanedioic acid, (COOH)<sub>2</sub>, and then to carbon dioxide and water. Suggest the reagents to oxidize ethane-1,2-diol.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">This question is about compounds of sodium.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium peroxide is used in diving apparatus to produce oxygen from carbon dioxide.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (s) + 2CO<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (s) + O<sub>2</sub> (g)</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe the structure and bonding in solid sodium oxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write equations for the separate reactions of solid sodium oxide and solid phosphorus(V) oxide with excess water and differentiate between the solutions formed. </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium oxide, Na<sub>2</sub>O:<br><br>Phosphorus(V) oxide, P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>:<br><br>Differentiation:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium peroxide, Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, is formed by the reaction of sodium oxide with oxygen.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2Na<sub>2</sub>O (s) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (s)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the percentage yield of sodium peroxide if 5.00 g of sodium oxide produces 5.50 g of sodium peroxide.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy change, <em>ΔH</em>, in kJ, for this reaction using data from the table and section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="219" height="96"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why bond enthalpy values are not valid in calculations such as that in (c)(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The reaction of sodium peroxide with excess water produces hydrogen peroxide and one other sodium compound. </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest the formula of this compound.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the oxidation number of carbon in sodium carbonate, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, reacts with oxygen in welding torches.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne reacts with steam.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two possible products are:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; display: block;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="317" height="189"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Product <strong>B</strong>, CH<sub>3</sub>CHO, can also be synthesized from ethanol.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Compare, giving a reason, the length of the bond between the carbon atoms in ethyne with that in ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the type of interaction that must be overcome when liquid ethyne vaporizes.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Product<strong> A</strong> contains a carbon–carbon double bond. State the type of reactions that compounds containing this bond are likely to undergo.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the name of product <strong>B</strong>, applying IUPAC rules.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ, to produce<strong> A</strong> using section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The enthalpy change for the reaction to produce <strong>B</strong> is −213 kJ. Predict, giving a reason, which product is the most stable.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The IR spectrum and low resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of the actual product formed are shown.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="639" height="621"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce whether the product is <strong>A</strong> or <strong>B</strong>, using evidence from these spectra together with sections 26 and 27 of the data booklet. </span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identity of product:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from IR:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from <sup>1</sup>H NMR:</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Reagents:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Conditions:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the average oxidation state of carbon in product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why product <strong>B</strong> is water soluble.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Sulfur trioxide is produced from sulfur dioxide.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">2SO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + O<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2SO<sub>3 </sub>(g) Δ<em>H</em> = −196 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen can be carried out at different temperatures.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Nitric acid, HNO<sub>3</sub>, is another strong Brønsted–Lowry acid. Its conjugate base is the nitrate ion, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, giving a reason, the effect of a catalyst on a reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>On the axes, sketch Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curves for the reacting species at two temperatures T<sub>1</sub> <strong>and</strong> T<sub>2</sub>, where T<sub>2</sub> > T<sub>1</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the effect of increasing temperature on the yield of SO<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the product formed from the reaction of SO<sub>3</sub> with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the meaning of a strong Brønsted–Lowry acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis structure of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the electron domain geometry of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Automobile air bags inflate by a rapid decomposition reaction. One typical compound used is guanidinium nitrate, C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, which decomposes very rapidly to form nitrogen, water vapour and carbon.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the equation for the decomposition of guanidinium nitrate.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the total number of moles of gas produced from the decomposition of 10.0 g of guanidinium nitrate.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the pressure, in kPa, of this gas in a 10.0 dm<sup>3</sup> air bag at 127°C, assuming no gas escapes.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest why water vapour deviates significantly from ideal behaviour when the gases are cooled, while nitrogen does not.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Another airbag reactant produces nitrogen gas and sodium.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest, including an equation, why the products of this reactant present a safety hazard.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Calcium carbide, CaC<sub>2</sub>, is an ionic solid.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the nature of ionic bonding.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the electron configuration of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>When calcium compounds are introduced into a gas flame a red colour is seen; sodium compounds give a yellow flame. Outline the source of the colours and why they are different.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two </strong>reasons why solid calcium has a greater density than solid potassium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why solid calcium is a good conductor of electricity.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calcium carbide reacts with water to form ethyne and calcium hydroxide.</p>
<p>CaC<sub>2</sub>(s) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) + Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>(aq)</p>
<p>Estimate the pH of the resultant solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Urea, (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO, is excreted by mammals and can be used as a fertilizer.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in urea to two decimal places using section 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest how the percentage of nitrogen affects the cost of transport of fertilizers giving a reason.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The structural formula of urea is shown.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_13.51.02.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b_01"></p>
<p>Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries at the nitrogen and carbon atoms, applying the VSEPR theory.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_13.52.37.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b_02"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Urea can be made by reacting potassium cyanate, KNCO, with ammonium chloride, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl.</p>
<p> KNCO(aq) + NH<sub>4</sub>Cl(aq) → (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(aq) + KCl(aq)</p>
<p>Determine the maximum mass of urea that could be formed from 50.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.100 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> potassium cyanate solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Urea can also be made by the direct combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide gases.</p>
<p> 2NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) Δ<em>H </em>< 0</p>
<p>Predict, with a reason, the effect on the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, when the temperature is increased.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest one reason why urea is a solid and ammonia a gas at room temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch <strong>two </strong>different hydrogen bonding interactions between ammonia and water.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The combustion of urea produces water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.</p>
<p>Formulate a balanced equation for the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass spectrum of urea is shown below.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_14.15.23.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.g_01"></p>
<p>Identify the species responsible for the peaks at <em>m</em>/<em>z </em>= 60 and 44.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxYAAADECAYAAAACoLceAAATMklEQVR4Ae3dUYxcVRkH8O+WhkhSKzF9KFMNTSVsfUBr2sTEBCMb7FIJkSAhCoLYxkQISDTIatOgIVUsKqYIBDWskNYHJRJIQaiRDTH6QmjSUB7ajWlKwnZ56EOz9qGSdMbMdrcdbucuc0uH0z3z68vce+bce+b7fdPp/Dt3dotWq9UKfwgQIECAAAECBAgQIPABBBZ9gGMdSoAAAQIECBAgQIAAgRmBxZ0ORVF07tomQIAAAQIECBAgQIDAGQLdLnp6T7BoT2iHi24TzzibAQIECBAgQIAAAQIEBkpgvqzgUqiBeioolgABAgQIECBAgEB/BASL/rg6KwECBAgQIECAAIGBEhAsBqrdiiVAgAABAgQIECDQHwHBoj+uzkqAAAECBAgQIEBgoAQEi4Fqt2IJECBAgAABAgQI9EdAsOiPq7MSIECAAAECBAgQGCgBwWKg2q1YAgQIECBAgAABAv0RECz64+qsBAgQIECAAAECBAZKQLAYqHYrlgABAgQIECBAgEB/BASL/rg6KwECBAgQIECAAIGBEhAsBqrdiiVAgAABAgQIECDQHwHBoj+uzkqAAAECBAgQIEBgoAQEi4Fqt2IJECBAgAABAgQI9EdAsOiPq7MSIECAAAECBAgQGCgBwWKg2q1YAgQIECBAgAABAv0RECz64+qsBAgQIECAAAECBAZKQLAYqHYrlgABAgQIECBAgEB/BASL/rg6KwECBAgQIECAAIGBEhAsBqrdiiVAgAABAgQIECDQH4FsgkVz6rV4enQkiqKIomjEVaM7Ys/Uux1q78bUnh0xelWjY84f4vk9U9HsmGWTAAECBAgQIECAAIH6AlkEi+bks/GdK38XJ779TLRarWj9dzzujp2x7vadMTGbGpqTL8SW63ZG3P5cHD7RitaJPbFt+b/ijut+G69Oixb1nzqOIECAAAECBAgQIHBaoGi134l3/Gn/j39pqOPe83HzSIyPXhPfjIdi/7bhWDr3EKfHY3T1fRE7X45tw0tiYuy2GPrzNXHgpY1x+Vycau6PsQ2b4sDo87FteNnckW4JECBAgAABAgQIEOgiMF9WmHuL3eWwBTI0/Ubs3hFx68hnToeK9kNfOhzbDr8+GxiOxdsHDsYla1bG8s6KFy2LlWv+Fzt2vxHT7WPaQWOkEcXI2KlPOhaIgodJgAABAgQIECBAIKlA59vspA/kbBdvvnMo9k6tiqGPTcb42GhcNfMdiyviW7/aHRPH5q6DOhKH9h6uXGJq76F4pz110erYuPtwtHZ3fKpReZQ7CBAgQIAAAQIECBCYE1jgwaIZx97+T+yLg7Hj3p/GP1Z+L15pf8ei9e/48cf/El+557mYbAeGY4fjwL6puZrdEiBAgAABAgQIECBwjgUWeLCY0zgcF976YGwdXhEnC1oaq2+8Jb720s/jkVePzE1yS4AAAQIECBAgQIBAnwQyCRaNWLNy2WyomJVa0oihK47G3kNHojmzfUmfCJ2WAAECBAgQIECAAIEFHiwWxdJ1V8et75cZZr6k3ajs9hlf6q6c6Q4CBAgQIECAAAECBLoJLPBgERFLPhWf39Dxk53mqpz5XsXq+PJnl8eiWBKfGFoVp76kPTen2f5S99G4YqgRS+bG3BIgQIAAAQIECBAgUFtg4QeLRZ+M9XdujKGHHo7f7zl6EqA5Fa89+XT8dcPG+MbnLo6Ij8RlI1+Pjft+Ez976s041p7VnrP9wdiy76YYvfHy915GVZvRAQQIECBAgAABAgQGW2DhB4v25xFr74ldB+6OeOTKaP/SjuKC9fHYiZvjb9uvjxWzFS5acXWM7vx+LN+xPj46M6cR1++9Ih7ddXd8aensJL/HYrD/NqieAAECBAgQIEDgrAUy+M3bZ127AwkQIECAAAECBAgQqCGQ92/ergFhKgECBAgQIECAAAEC/RHI4FKo/sA4KwECBAgQIECAAAECvQsIFr1bmUmAAAECBAgQIECAQIWAYFEBY5gAAQIECBAgQIAAgd4FBIvercwkQIAAAQIECBAgQKBCQLCogDFMgAABAgQIECBAgEDvAoJF71ZmEiBAgAABAgQIECBQISBYVMAYJkCAAAECBAgQIECgdwHBoncrMwkQIECAAAECBAgQqBAQLCpgDBMgQIAAAQIECBAg0LuAYNG7lZkECBAgQIAAAQIECFQICBYVMIYJECBAgAABAgQIEOhdQLDo3cpMAgQIECBAgAABAgQqBASLChjDBAgQIECAAAECBAj0LiBY9G5lJgECBAgQIECAAAECFQKCRQWMYQIECBAgQIAAAQIEehcQLHq3MpMAAQIECBAgQIAAgQoBwaICxjABAgQIECBAgAABAr0LCBa9W5lJgAABAgQIECBAgECFgGBRAWOYAAECBAgQIECAAIHeBQSL3q3MJECAAAECBAgQIECgQkCwqIAxTIAAAQIECBAgQIBA7wKCRe9WZhIgQIAAAQIECBAgUCEgWFTAGCZAgAABAgQIECBAoHcBwaJ3KzMJECBAgAABAgQIEKgQECwqYAwTIECAAAECBAgQINC7gGDRu5WZBAgQIECAAAECBAhUCAgWFTCGCRAgQIAAAQIECBDoXUCw6N3KTAIECBAgQIAAAQIEKgSyCxbNibEYKYpojI7HdEXR0dwfYyONKBqbY3y6WTHreEyM3RRFsS5Gx49UzInIfT1W7dZ7LrQVcn+uq6/d5PPxtdFzb+YfoPOyN14bvTbOPDvP09eOD/v5eS5fq2ZdF+BN0Wq1Wp2PuyiKKA113m2bAAECBAgQIECAAIEBFZgvK2T3icWA9ljZBAgQIECAAAECBJIKCBZJ+S1OgAABAgQIECBAIA8BwSKPPqqCAAECBAgQIECAQFIBwSIpv8UJECBAgAABAgQI5CEgWOTRR1UQIECAAAECBAgQSCogWCTltzgBAgQIECBAgACBPAQEizz6qAoCBAgQIECAAAECSQUEi6T8FidAgAABAgQIECCQh4BgkUcfVUGAAAECBAgQIEAgqYBgkZTf4gQIECBAgAABAgTyEBAs8uijKggQIECAAAECBAgkFRAskvJbnAABAgQIECBAgEAeAoJFHn1UBQECBAgQIECAAIGkAoJFUn6LEyBAgAABAgQIEMhDQLDIo4+qIECAAAECBAgQIJBUQLBIym9xAgQIECBAgAABAnkICBZ59FEVBAgQIECAAAECBJIKCBZJ+S1OgAABAgQIECBAIA8BwSKPPqqCAAECBAgQIECAQFIBwSIpv8UJECBAgAABAgQI5CEgWOTRR1UQIECAAAECBAgQSCogWCTltzgBAgQIECBAgACBPAQEizz6qAoCBAgQIECAAAECSQUEi6T8FidAgAABAgQIECCQh4BgkUcfVUGAAAECBAgQIEAgqYBgkZTf4gQIECBAgAABAgTyEBAs8uijKggQIECAAAECBAgkFRAskvJbnAABAgQIECBAgEAeAoJFHn1UBQECBAgQIECAAIGkAoJFUn6LEyBAgAABAgQIEMhDQLDIo4+qIECAAAECBAgQIJBUQLBIym9xAgQIECBAgAABAnkICBZ59FEVBAgQIECAAAECBJIKCBZJ+S1OgAABAgQIECBAIA8BwSKPPqqCAAECBAgQIECAQFIBwSIpv8UJECBAgAABAgQI5CEgWOTRR1UQIECAAAECBAgQSCogWCTltzgBAgQIECBAgACBPAQEizz6qAoCBAgQIECAAAECSQUEi6T8FidAgAABAgQIECCQh4BgkUcfVUGAAAECBAgQIEAgqYBgkZTf4gQIECBAgAABAgTyEBAs8uijKggQIECAAAECBAgkFRAskvJbnAABAgQIECBAgEAeAoJFHn1UBQECBAgQIECAAIGkAoJFUn6LEyBAgAABAgQIEMhDQLDIo4+qIECAAAECBAgQIJBUQLBIym9xAgQIECBAgAABAnkICBZ59FEVBAgQIECAAAECBJIKZBgs3o3JZ++KRmNzjE83K3Gbk8/Gpsa6GB0/UjnHHQQIECBAgAABAgQI9CaQXbBoTr4Q99/1WEzNV3/zrXju/p/E2LyT5juB+wgQIECAAAECBAgQ6BTIK1gcezOe2vzrODi0trPG0vZ07H/qgbjv4LL4QukeuwQIECBAgAABAgQInJ1ARsHiaOx54kexZfF3Y/PNqyo0mnFsz5Nxx5aL4hebb4wl5VnN/TE20ohiZCwmqq+iKh9lnwABAgQIECBAgMDAC2QSLNqB4Y9x78Mr49EHvhqXXlDR12OvxxP3/ilWPfrDuP7Si86ctGh1bNx9OFq7N8blmcicWaQRAgQIECBAgAABAudeII+3zzOB4Z9x7a6tccOKCyuU2p9oPBgvXvt4bL/h0sij8IpSDRMgQIAAAQIECBD4kAUWf8jrnfvlmm/Fs/fcORMYdq29OCKOd1mj/ZOitsR1L34xdu1aN3MJlCudujAZIkCAAAECBAgQIHCWAgs8WLwbk8/9Mu46eEvs2n4yMHRzOPmTog7FD3ZtjbVLfFbRzcgYAQIECBAgQIAAgQ8iULRarVbnCYqiiNJQ593n13b7y9YbhmPT36t+buwlsf7JF2N7PBif3vRM9WNf/2QceMn3KqqB3EOAAAECBAgQIEAgYr6ssLCDRdfuHo+JsdtiaMtl8cr+rTG8tPsnFM2Jsdgw9HiseeXl2Da8rOuZDBIgQIAAAQIECBAgcFpgvmDR/V336WNtESBAgAABAgQIECBA4H0FBItOIr/HolPDNgECBAgQIECAAIGeBTK8FKrn2k0kQIAAAQIECBAgQKCGgEuhamCZSoAAAQIECBAgQIBAfQGXQtU3cwQBAgQIECBAgAABAiUBwaIEYpcAAQIECBAgQIAAgfoCgkV9M0cQIECAAAECBAgQIFASECxKIHYJECBAgAABAgQIEKgvIFjUN3MEAQIECBAgQIAAAQIlAcGiBGKXAAECBAgQIECAAIH6AoJFfTNHECBAgAABAgQIECBQEhAsSiB2CRAgQIAAAQIECBCoLyBY1DdzBAECBAgQIECAAAECJQHBogRilwABAgQIECBAgACB+gKCRX0zRxAgQIAAAQIECBAgUBIQLEogdgkQIECAAAECBAgQqC8gWNQ3cwQBAgQIECBAgAABAiUBwaIEYpcAAQIECBAgQIAAgfoCgkV9M0cQIECAAAECBAgQIFASECxKIHYJECBAgAABAgQIEKgvIFjUN3MEAQIECBAgQIAAAQIlAcGiBGKXAAECBAgQIECAAIH6AoJFfTNHECBAgAABAgQIECBQEhAsSiB2CRAgQIAAAQIECBCoLyBY1DdzBAECBAgQIECAAAECJQHBogRilwABAgQIECBAgACB+gKCRX0zRxAgQIAAAQIECBAgUBIQLEogdgkQIECAAAECBAgQqC8gWNQ3cwQBAgQIECBAgAABAiUBwaIEYpcAAQIECBAgQIAAgfoCgkV9M0cQIECAAAECBAgQIFASECxKIHYJECBAgAABAgQIEKgvkF2waE6MxUhRRGN0PKarPJr7Y2ykEUVjc4xPNytmHY+JsZuiKNbF6PiRijkRua8XrCLCc6H9FyD357r62k0+H18bPfdm/gE6L3vjtdFr4+zbI8/Pk39Nz9l70FnXBXhTtFqtVufjLooiSkOdd9smQIAAAQIECBAgQGBABebLCtl9YjGgPVY2AQIECBAgQIAAgaQCgkVSfosTIECAAAECBAgQyENAsMijj6ogQIAAAQIECBAgkFRAsEjKb3ECBAgQIECAAAECeQgIFnn0URUECBAgQIAAAQIEkgoIFkn5LU6AAAECBAgQIEAgDwHBIo8+qoIAAQIECBAgQIBAUgHBIim/xQkQIECAAAECBAjkISBY5NFHVRAgQIAAAQIECBBIKiBYJOW3OAECBAgQIECAAIE8BASLPPqoCgIECBAgQIAAAQJJBQSLpPwWJ0CAAAECBAgQIJCHgGCRRx9VQYAAAQIECBAgQCCpgGCRlN/iBAgQIECAAAECBPIQECzy6KMqCBAgQIAAAQIECCQVECyS8lucAAECBAgQIECAQB4CgkUefVQFAQIECBAgQIAAgaQCgkVSfosTIECAAAECBAgQyENAsMijj6ogQIAAAQIECBAgkFRAsEjKb3ECBAgQIECAAAECeQgIFnn0URUECBAgQIAAAQIEkgoIFkn5LU6AAAECBAgQIEAgDwHBIo8+qoIAAQIECBAgQIBAUgHBIim/xQkQIECAAAECBAjkISBY5NFHVRAgQIAAAQIECBBIKiBYJOW3OAECBAgQIECAAIE8BASLPPqoCgIECBAgQIAAAQJJBQSLpPwWJ0CAAAECBAgQIJCHgGCRRx9VQYAAAQIECBAgQCCpgGCRlN/iBAgQIECAAAECBPIQKFqtVmuulKIo5jbdEiBAgAABAgQIECBAoKtAR4Q4df/iU1sR0W1C5/22CRAgQIAAAQIECBAg0E3ApVDdVIwRIECAAAECBAgQIFBLQLCoxWUyAQIECBAgQIAAAQLdBASLbirGCBAgQIAAAQIECBCoJSBY1OIymQABAgQIECBAgACBbgL/B4L83W7vLKCoAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The IR spectrum of urea is shown below.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_14.21.30.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/01.h_01"></p>
<p>Identify the bonds causing the absorptions at 3450 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1700 cm<sup>−1</sup> using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the number of signals in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of urea.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Benzoic acid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH, is another derivative of benzene.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of the conjugate base of benzoic acid showing <strong>all</strong> the atoms and <strong>all</strong> the bonds.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The pH of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid at 298 K is 2.95. Determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, using section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest how benzoic acid, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 122.13, forms an apparent dimer, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 244.26, when dissolved in a non-polar solvent such as hexane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The concentration of a solution of a weak acid, such as ethanedioic acid, can be determined<br>by titration with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq).</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Distinguish between a weak acid and a strong acid.</p>
<p>Weak acid:</p>
<p>Strong acid:</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why it is more convenient to express acidity using the pH scale instead of using the concentration of hydrogen ions.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>5.00 g of an impure sample of hydrated ethanedioic acid, (COOH)<sub>2</sub>•2H<sub>2</sub>O, was dissolved in water to make 1.00 dm<sup>3</sup> of solution. 25.0 cm<sup>3</sup> samples of this solution were titrated against a 0.100 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> solution of sodium hydroxide using a suitable indicator.</p>
<p>(COOH)<sub>2</sub> (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → (COONa)<sub>2</sub> (aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</p>
<p>The mean value of the titre was 14.0 cm<sup>3</sup>.</p>
<p>(i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of NaOH in 14.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.100 mol dm<sup>-3</sup> solution.</p>
<p>(ii) Calculate the amount, in mol, of ethanedioic acid in each 25.0 cm<sup>3</sup> sample.</p>
<p>(iii) Determine the percentage purity of the hydrated ethanedioic acid sample.</p>
<div class="marks">[5]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The Lewis (electron dot) structure of the ethanedioate ion is shown below.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Outline why all the C–O bond lengths in the ethanedioate ion are the same length and suggest a value for them. Use section 10 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Trends in physical and chemical properties are useful to chemists.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The Activity series lists the metal in order of reactivity.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the general increasing trend in the first ionization energies of the period 3 elements, Na to Ar.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the melting points of the group 1 metals (Li → Cs) decrease down the group.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State an equation for the reaction of phosphorus (V) oxide, P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> (s), with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the emission spectrum of hydrogen.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the strongest reducing agent in the given list.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A voltaic cell is made up of a Mn<sup>2+</sup>/Mn half-cell and a Ni<sup>2+</sup>/Ni half-cell.</p>
<p>Deduce the equation for the cell reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The voltaic cell stated in part (ii) is partially shown below.</p>
<p>Draw and label the connections needed to show the direction of electron movement and ion flow between the two half-cells.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>, is industrially important for the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives and plastics.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia is produced by the Haber–Bosch process which involves the equilibrium:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2 </sub>(g) + 3 H<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2 NH<sub>3 </sub>(g)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The effect of temperature on the position of equilibrium depends on the enthalpy change of the reaction.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ammonia is soluble in water and forms an alkaline solution:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">NH<sub>3 </sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+ </sup>(aq) + HO<sup>– </sup>(aq)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAtYAAAD4CAYAAADIKaGpAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAuySURBVHhe7d1/iN91HcDx141ZQtcIUjfm8UmLcdxEWH/sIJDYH01i5XVoUf9oGzuGtRlpM3E2kUiWJs5iNhuXDHVBZeMQFNc6WUP646QVgTfswOzDMW4yaKwbhtj3+n6/+6StvEh93fc+3/Z4wJd7f3584fjC5/158uX9/X575poCAAB4T5ZUfwEAgPdAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkePPDi0XR194BAAD8d2U5XY3ect63grTi+u1OAgAAzpmvmS0FAQCABMIaAAASCGsAAEggrAEAIIGwBgCABMIaAAASCGsAAEggrAEAIIGwBgCABMIaAAASCGsAAEggrAEAIIGwBgCABMIaAAASCGsAAEggrAEAIIGwBgCABMIaAAAS9Mw1VeMoir4oy+lqC6B+WvNU3dV5HvX6vXvd8Nq1uI/DwpuvmYU10FXqPk/5/94b/9+7V/fXDv6fzHe9WQoCAAAJhDUAACQQ1gAAkEBYAwBAAmENAAAJhDUAACQQ1gAAkEBYAwBAAmENAAAJhDUAACQQ1gAAkEBYAwBAAmENAAAJhDXUWiNmpw7H7pHBKIq+9mNg5AcxPnWmOg4A1IWwhjo7czR2DW2LQ8t3xPhkGeUrE7F35eHYNLQzxk68Xp0EANSBsIbaeiNmnnsyHj+7Pm6+5bOxqrd5uS5ZGeu2fyNujGfj0V/+KRrVmQDA4hPWUFtLY8XwnijLPTG8Ymm1798143tsWxQDm+N739scA+3lIv3x6bsOxLEZ72gDQCcJa+gqjThz7Lk4ePbSuPqKD791AZ89FI++tDYem3g5ysmD8aWT34/hLT+JKW9pA0DHCGvoJrO/jR9/96cRG7bH1k9eUu1sWRtbvvqlWLvifRG9V8VNd3w11vx+NPYfPVUdBwAWmrCGbtEoY2z71tjX960Ye2AoVp539V4eV67srcbNC/uDH4rL4kycPP1atQcAWGjCGrrB7EsxtnNrfO2Vodj7nS9Gf+uDjABArbg7Q621vsd6LO76/FDcefIz8Yv934x1reUe/+Evcfqvb1Tj5rP+ejpejavjmqsurfYAAAtNWEONNU48FduHtsXjsTUOPLTl3Brqt/XruO++n8dLs41ozPwm9tz3w5ja8IW49mMXV8cBgIUmrKG2TsXRhx+IZ842h5P3x/Dq4s1fX2w/RsZi5tyJTR+PoeXj7XOuGPx6/OGqe+Op/1iHDQAsJLddqK1LYt29z0dZTr/9Y3Q4VlRnRnwkPnHLaBxvH5uI0VvXn/tBGQCgY9x5AQAggbAGAIAEwhq62v/ys+cAQCcIawAASCCsAQAggbAGAIAEwhoAABIIawAASCCsAQAggbAGAIAEwhoAABIIawAASCCsAQAgQc9cUzWOouiLspyutgDqpzVP1V2d51Gv37vXDa9di/s4LLz5mllYAwDAOzBfM1sKAgAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAk6JlrqsZRFH1RltPVFnAhas0D3cBcBcBima+ZhTVwnrrPA+YpABbbfPciS0EAACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsIZaa8Ts1OHYPTIYRdHXfgyM/CDGp85UxwGAuhDWUGdnjsauoW1xaPmOGJ8so3xlIvauPBybhnbG2InXq5MAgDoQ1lBbb8TMc0/G42fXx823fDZW9TYv1yUrY932b8SN8Ww8+ss/RaM6EwBYfMIaamtprBjeE2W5J4ZXLK32vY3ZqRjfvTkGqqUixcDm2D0+FbPVYQCgM4Q1dJVGnDn2XBw8e2lcfcWHmxfwqTiya1NsOnRl7J14uRnhk3H4joti36Z74smpv1XPAQA6QVhDN5n9bfz4uz+N2LA9tn7ykuaO1+L0ydYHGZfFst7Wu9rLon/jI3G8PBAbV13cegYA0CHCGrpFo4yx7VtjX9+3YuyBoVjZvnovj0/dfntc++f7Y3h1EQMjD8bBsWfj2IwPNgJApwlr6AazL8XYzq3xtVeGYu93vhj9rQ8yti2J3v4bY/T4ZIw/tjd2bYh45s6RGB68Ie4+csKHGwGgg4Q11Frre6zH4q7PD8WdJz8Tv9j/zVi34n3VsX+1LFatuy6Gr78tRl8cj2+v+WPsf2IiXq2OAgALT1hDjTVOPBXbh7bF47E1Djy0Jdb+e1S3lofcPBgDI4/EC+3lH60Qn4jnpyLWXDMQl507CwDoAGENtXUqjj78QDxztjmcPLeG+p+/vth+jIzFzJIihu55OHYsfzpuGPxoc38Rq9f/LJbveCL23dTvAgeADuqZa6rG7Zt1WU5XW8CFqO7zgHkKgMU2373IG1oAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJCgZ66pGkdR9EVZTldbwIWoNQ90A3MVAItlvmYW1gAA8A7M18yWggAAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQAJhDQAACYQ1AAAkENYAAJBAWAMAQIKeuaZqHEXRF2U5XW0BF6LWPNANzFUALJb5mllYA+ep+zxgngJgsc13L7IUBAAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghr6BaNE3Hk7utize5j8Ua1CwCoD2EN3aAxEy/s2Rlf2f+7agcAUDfCGmqtEbNTh2P3li/Hj/7+8bh+9Qeq/QBA3QhrqLVmWL/4q3jxmgfjoVs/F2v73l/t/xezUzG+e3MMFH1RtB4Dm2P3+FTMVocBgM4Q1lBrS2PF8H0xuvGq6K32nO9UHNm1KTYdujL2TrwcZTkZh++4KPZtuieenPpbdQ4A0AnCGrraa3H65Jnm32WxrHdp+2//xkfieHkgNq66uH0GANAZwhq62uXxqdtvj2v/fH8Mry5iYOTBODj2bBybeb06DgB0irCGrrYkevtvjNHjkzH+2N7YtSHimTtHYnjwhrj7yIloVGcBAAtPWMP/hWWxat11MXz9bTH64nh8e80fY/8TE/FqdRQAWHjCGrpZo4yxmwdjYOSReKG9/KP19XwT8fxUxJprBuKyc2cBAB0grKGbLSli6J6HY8fyp+OGwY9GURSxev3PYvmOJ2LfTf0ucADooJ65pmrc/g7cspyutoALUd3nAfMUAIttvnuRN7QAACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACBBz1xTNY6i6IuynK62gAtRax7oBuYqABbLfM0srAEA4B2Yr5ktBQEAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEghrAABIIKwBACCBsAYAgATCGgAAEvTMNbUGRdHX3gEAAPx3ZTldjd7yZlgDAADvnqUgAACQQFgDAMB7FvEPk7u6M6cI1L0AAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the ammonia molecule.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the expression for the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, for this equation.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why an increase in pressure shifts the position of equilibrium towards the products and how this affects the value of the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State how the use of a catalyst affects the position of the equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em>, for the Haber–Bosch process, in kJ. Use Section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>⦵</sup>, for the Haber–Bosch process, in kJ, using the following data.</p>
<p><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><msubsup><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi></mrow><mo>⦵</mo></msubsup><mfenced><msub><mi>NH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>46</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo> </mo><mi>kJ</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>mol</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the values obtained in (d)(i) and (d)(ii) differ.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the relationship between NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and NH<sub>3</sub> in terms of the Brønsted–Lowry theory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the concentration, in mol dm<sup>–3</sup>, of the solution formed when 900.0 dm<sup>3</sup> of NH<sub>3 </sub>(g) at 300.0 K and 100.0 kPa, is dissolved in water to form 2.00 dm<sup>3</sup> of solution. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions in an ammonia solution with pH = 9.3. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Two hydrides of nitrogen are ammonia and hydrazine, N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. One derivative of ammonia is methanamine whose molecular structure is shown below.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-22_om_18.03.06.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/04"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Hydrazine is used to remove oxygen from water used to generate steam or hot water.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(aq) + O<sub>2</sub>(aq) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p>The concentration of dissolved oxygen in a sample of water is 8.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> g<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>dm<sup>−3</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Estimate the H−N−H bond angle in methanamine using VSEPR theory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ammonia reacts reversibly with water.</p>
<p>NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>−</sup>(aq)</p>
<p>Explain the effect of adding H<sup>+</sup>(aq) ions on the position of the equilibrium.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrazine reacts with water in a similar way to ammonia. Deduce an equation for the reaction of hydrazine with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, using an ionic equation, what is observed when magnesium powder is added to a solution of ammonium chloride.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Hydrazine has been used as a rocket fuel. The propulsion reaction occurs in several stages but the overall reaction is:</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<p>Suggest why this fuel is suitable for use at high altitudes.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the enthalpy change of reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ, when 1.00 mol of gaseous hydrazine decomposes to its elements. Use bond enthalpy values in section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(g) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The standard enthalpy of formation of N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) is +50.6 kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>. Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization, Δ<em>H</em><sub>vap</sub>, of hydrazine in kJ<span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\,">
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</math></span>mol<sup>−1</sup>.</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(l) → N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(g)</p>
<p>(If you did not get an answer to (f), use −85 kJ but this is not the correct answer.)</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate, showing your working, the mass of hydrazine needed to remove all the dissolved oxygen from 1000 dm<sup>3</sup> of the sample.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the volume, in dm<sup>3</sup>, of nitrogen formed under SATP conditions. (The volume of 1 mol of gas = 24.8 dm<sup>3</sup> at SATP.)</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Iron (II) sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen sulfide, H<sub>2</sub>S.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>In aqueous solution, hydrogen sulfide acts as an acid.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of hydrogen sulfide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the shape of the hydrogen sulfide molecule.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the formula of its conjugate base.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Saturated aqueous hydrogen sulfide has a concentration of 0.10 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> and a pH of 4.0. Demonstrate whether it is a strong or weak acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in saturated aqueous hydrogen sulfide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A gaseous sample of nitrogen, contaminated only with hydrogen sulfide, was reacted with excess sodium hydroxide solution at constant temperature. The volume of the gas changed from 550 cm<sup>3</sup> to 525 cm<sup>3</sup>.</p>
<p>Determine the mole percentage of hydrogen sulfide in the sample, stating one assumption you made.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="705" height="303"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a group 2 metal which exists as a number of isotopes and forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the nuclear symbol notation, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_Z^AX">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>A</mi>
</msubsup>
<mi>X</mi>
</math></span>, for magnesium-26.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Mass spectroscopic analysis of a sample of magnesium gave the following results:</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<p>Calculate the relative atomic mass, <em>A</em><sub>r</sub>, of this sample of magnesium to two decimal places.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium burns in air to form a white compound, magnesium oxide. Formulate an equation for the reaction of magnesium oxide with water.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the trend in acid-base properties of the oxides of period 3, sodium to chlorine.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>In addition to magnesium oxide, magnesium forms another compound when burned in air. Suggest the formula of this compound</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the structure and bonding in solid magnesium oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed.</p>
<p>Deduce the half-equations for the reactions at each electrode when <strong>molten</strong> magnesium chloride is electrolysed, showing the state symbols of the products. The melting points of magnesium and magnesium chloride are 922 K and 987 K respectively.</p>
<p>Anode (positive electrode):</p>
<p>Cathode (negative electrode):</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel catalyses the conversion of propanone to propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Discuss, referring to intermolecular forces present, the relative volatility of propanone and propan-2-ol.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>Pb</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Ni</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
<p>Label the diagram with the species in the equation.</p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Suggest a metal that could replace nickel in a new half-cell and reverse the electron flow. Use section 25 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Describe the bonding in metals.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Nickel alloys are used in aircraft gas turbines. Suggest a physical property altered by the addition of another metal to nickel.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>The properties of elements can be predicted from their position in the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why Si has a smaller atomic radius than Al.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the decrease in radius from Na to Na<sup>+</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the condensed electron configurations for Cr and Cr3<sup>+</sup>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="768" height="190"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe metallic bonding and how it contributes to electrical conductivity.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure and molecular geometry of sulfur dichloride, SCl<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="433" height="216"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, giving reasons, the relative volatilities of SCl<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Consider the following equilibrium reaction:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">2SO<sub>2 </sub>(g) + O<sub>2 </sub>(g) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mo>⇌</mo></math> 2SO<sub>3 </sub>(g)</p>
<p>State and explain how the equilibrium would be affected by increasing the volume of the reaction container at a constant temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>There are many oxides of silver with the formula Ag<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>. All of them decompose into their elements when heated strongly.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>After heating 3.760 g of a silver oxide 3.275 g of silver remained. Determine the empirical formula of Ag<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the final mass of solid obtained by heating 3.760 g of Ag<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> may be greater than 3.275 g giving one design improvement for your proposed suggestion. Ignore any possible errors in the weighing procedure.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Naturally occurring silver is composed of two stable isotopes, <sup>107</sup>Ag and <sup>109</sup>Ag.</p>
<p>The relative atomic mass of silver is 107.87. Show that isotope <sup>107</sup>Ag is more abundant.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some oxides of period 3, such as Na<sub>2</sub>O and P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, react with water. A spatula measure of each oxide was added to a separate 100 cm<sup>3</sup> flask containing distilled water and a few drops of bromothymol blue indicator.</p>
<p>The indicator is listed in section 22 of the data booklet.</p>
<p>Deduce the colour of the resulting solution and the chemical formula of the product formed after reaction with water for each oxide.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAmYAAACJCAYAAACGofT0AAAgAElEQVR4Ae3dDXRT14En8L9kQtiEr1KyQXIyMLYDTA8kmcols23Oxh/FnpTQsHYh2QRs1pwtnAXKhvVH7CRNmlAoyMc5CdCBZq0ayDATgjRkXM4WExslTZqFSp2kMA12gYUEJHJIHbCdlC/r7blPevKz9PThL1nS++scjqT37rsfv/uuuH733fsMkiRJ4IsCFKAABShAAQpQYNQFjKOeA2aAAhSgAAUoQAEKUEAWGKM4GAwG5SPfKUABClCAAhSgAAUSIBA6cBnsmIkdonMWGiABeWISSSbA8yDJKoTZoUAcAmy3cSAxCAWSTEDrohiHMpOskpgdClCAAhSgAAX0K8COmX7rniWnAAUoQAEKUCDJBNgxS7IKYXYoQAEKUIACFNCvADtm+q17lpwCFKAABShAgSQTYMcsySqE2aEABShAAQpQQL8Cqd0xu+lGfY5Bnk0qZjaE/1sFh/cmgE/hKM+BwZCDcsenw1zbN+F1rPKnXe6Ad5hjZ3QUoAAFKEABCuhHILU7ZvqpJ5aUAhSgAAUoQAEdCKRJxywPVle3vAabWIet798OlJiCS7XpoDpZRApQgAIUoAAFUlkgTTpmg6yCng4cri+HOTgMOhfl9Q64vdcDEfrQ09EGW02xapi0GDW2NnT0+CIn6ruAtjr/MebyXTgZLWzkWLiHAhSgAAUoQAGdCei3Y+Y7B8e6UhRV7VbdF3YCu6tKsfDZX+GC6Hf1uLBj5VKs2NKiOi1asGXFUqzc4UKPamvwo+iUPVuBwk0tQF4Dmrcvw+zx+mUOuvADBShAAQpQgAIxBdKkx+BEVe4E1VUtMREg+o3+vlOt2Gk7IXeeXN29kKRrOG9fDRMA7ztncNEH3Gx/FzucXsBUi9YrIkwvul0NyIMXzqp67Ou4GgL8Z5xo+jGWyp2yF9C6dzUs7JSFGPErBShAAQpQgAKRBHR7A5ZxZgUOSRXwed1objmAc5ePYuuK7f6rZ1914spXPhinZeEhE3DauwmFsy/A+uqjyDLOQr3nGiymsQFTMesz8Nr9QxTtFp/noGLtcuQFwygB+E4BClCAAhSgAAUiC6TJFTOtm/9PYVfJ3ZFL3nMCtvK5yDDnYlFpKUpXbIFTCX3bFEy6zQhj5iPY0Lwb1XkmwLsbVYtLUVq6ALnmGcivcUS5z+wEbFsd+DfeW6aI8p0CFKAABShAgTgE0qRjFkdJ+wW5io59L2LFbjGUWY1G+0G4PNdww2VFdr9wY2GyLMPmIx5I3e1otdthf9OKMpMXzi1rsHZfB/pPAVgAq6sdrdUWwGlFXdj+fpHzCwUoQAEKUIACFOgnoNOOWQ/Ot5+RIUxZD6B40fdgufMS3rUfxukgz3VccKzxz9jM/wnaumegoKQEJSWL8ejDc4Kh+n0oq8CTlpnI+1EdKkxetDy7DQcuKDM8+4XkFwpQgAIUoAAFKBAmoNOO2UTMeuDv/Df620pxV4YBhoy7UPjOdYhRS8j3mI1BZlEZ1osNzhdQaL7VP7kgYwZKxaQBUwlWFmdBC9CYWYD/sX4B4HVg6z99qD17M6wquGF4BcRSJ07sD1sO5Q20dXQNIqkUf8JD6NIwxTZ09L/cOwiTWIcM8YkbPR1o21+PVS+74b+TM8XrIBYX90cWiPaUF3M56h1ueEf8fAZuuuuRI5ZXyqmHW3V7ceSMD3RPFzra3kD9qu0x4he/b4dQXz43MOnNjGLbyZARnIGmnajwbMexpLX6FbGOSYP9Y5G56Bk0N1UjTy6NCXnVu+Ha/7+xdn424G3BIVcnMH4eKpudaG1UwonAImwjWp0bUZKpTAAIJZkMy6ofw5qHCLM3Q8Pz+/AKXIe37SUsnJWPxWHLoTyOwlmLUdd2IUV+xIZDxoeuY00oV1uc7kR3Av4jG3zue+DesRKFi6vwdu/gY+GROhAQ9/+WLsQTDcdS/o/gm+5f4HuFj6Pq7b/EqLhOHGt8BlXidhz55cXpzi919JsWgyfFd6d2x2yMBZWnxEr/R1BpGR+lKu5Gya5TkCTVhACjCZbyzTgiPynAgyObl8Fiyg6Ec2FzwVR/fONnoqBCCSfSEmErUDBzYiC9MTCV7PA/bWBXiXwVTt4hOnXi3jRpHypmjouSN+4abgFfx+tYXvgCnJiDsob34OkV9daL7vZfw1omhqFbsGnpdji7krpnMowsPnx5udM/47ioEe3C41QlLCk3JztCWxtGKUaV7AIrYffc6Hu6S68HRxvKYBJLGDUcwDHdtOm/4PLFy/KFgqLGj9ErSThVaUHKNelkP91GKX+p3TEbJTQmm8wCn8PZ+HO0iCub1kZsf+o7MMlnuRHjZxZj/TOVqKj+BQ40r0XeROX01xj2zK+Bra0jjr/A4zk20qX7Hrjr8/uvued1oFweKvkJHId+gnz5qRRLYAtbM0+pg8DQh2pII7/GphquFcOJs2Eu3ek/oGUFZmVEWeNPDB/aagLpivUAzegfX7zpKuFC3pXyGVbB4e0bCwoOEZU74IXI8/3IrfLPkz5dlYtbDPmod1+G17HKP3Qjh1PiHmgd7IXb7egbBjKX4+VjXl5tUDhT6d1owrzHH8V8kWdvJy5/6ZNvIYnahgJD5OVmcX6LfxGe5tJv+F88FeYQOq70nbN+pgjD9cGhV/V5fh1e9XlnMMBc/jIOy7dW+H8jbsmt8t/nfLoKubcYkFOvDOOrKkVuQ3+F0t3ijmgvWlb8DTLU7Sme8intMCfkd+aPv0F9jjDJR32bW/VknGLUOE6iB13oOPwy/Hbit2GP6kk5A7FQlSf4UR23v27M5fVwuHXYNiXVCxB/iPCld4GUPg9uuCRrNiQgT7K6uuOoyl6p++Mmqcwkjgn9Z5LyrEclfyw3JI99pT9MmV3yyDEP5VgRQbfksuZJQLZUZv/En1ePXSoLzYepVmq90qtRlivSx40Vkik0vPx9gWR1fSFJ0ieSvSw7pGyq9PrF+oXksi4ICRswyWuQXN1KHuJJV0SspK1KL1i+lZLdcyOY+g2XVcoW+ZZtlePU9SHq84vhqQNNr8VSY/tfgvlJxQ8p3W5jgQfbdf/zRur1SEcbyvxtINsqucQpFTzHVOeP0oa6j0uNZXNin+O9ZyV7RYRw4vxR0tI6x0VZwvLbK3W7GqQ8rXPPtFqyn/+y79xWhcm2uqS+VhJA0iofAi7xlk8rDmH056OB30+VXTA/RdL66ifCfm9M1a3SFTlrSrtVtXdNC63f0mvSefvqsLjl32TZ51qg8On3ptVulUsGwT4rP1AgpQUuncNxeWrtLGSZ4xhC9nVg37pa7BYPeChrwseBp0B4Wl8IPOHhRexwiyEDjddQjtWIrv8mccXvKLolCb0ddfi74NW9vlC+jv1Yt8IGrxiybTwuh5V6z6O1tgjAQVRV/hLunkyU7DoJj32l/8AyOzzqIf2+6ICbp3Fkx0EAFlS3XvIPF3UfhVWeANO3/Et86Q5lmFjcevAhXOImTQDZVhduRLpdYVB1UIRq+8d+2/N2VIgJP/g93jlxSa3Bz0kpsBOl5lsCV7rEpC0zHlgvHqs3BxVbFuNv+43lhbah633LJJkq0PjxFfkc7/W0oDZwjlfKj9rzocu5E2vEJC8Uobb1vDxU2Ot5Dw3yrRCDgBHnaZ0VTnElv7bFf3uF0la927Hm1f+L20t29C3ZlG2F60aE4UlTCXZJn8BeJhZ3ykaZ/RNI0g6UmG7GWT51/kONMoI7g7+Hym8AWtCwZxw2yG5fwGVdIIf12n+PP4VeSAzGEucH3xkc2imuloslp77w14vSNr3/jjMX9bW6ATtmcZ43DJZqAp243B3718J36rd4o8ULYDE2PPNY4LmmY2EqWI3nxHp0OIgdR04HZgX2NxjKsf1j0vr2IJZ9/16IOyeN48fjtrAgV3HqvV9Dfopr0VN4ZvkcOSyMmSh4ugbVorPh/Fccaf8q7MiIG4xTkfWQuAfPjS2F+Siv3wtHy3ncU+9Gr+TBoYrZMGIE0o2Yodg7BlUHRY9hxaLZftvMb2GBmPDDV+oKiLUoW+14pWR6yCz5kDbkO4v33njPf1/Whiosn+2/T9hoKsTTzy3336e2412037yOi2dP+e/JLFuJtQWZcrxG03/CivKFffcRD0Tssz/iHfl35vtYuzbff3uFaKsbD8mdEM/mAih3LQ8k2n5h4y6f+qgQo+AuC5aVL/D/Ho7/BvIXzJL3mJY9iR/IbpNxX35eyLqfwYMH/sE4GxWHPJB6X0P++TY4HK+hduka2MRPM7px6Uro4w8HnkQqHdHv74tUyjjzSgFNgTumY674f/b0JXTG0zHr7vTf05E9D/dlqa+wjcOkOybISZw+fg6XcF9Ycr4hHOuP7AucO/5pWLzyBlMOZkyLNOtXhLiJ7k7/FZ7s+fchS/0n1m2TcIfck/sUx899AVjkS0La6ai3Gqdj0YZGNE19Dsu3tGB31ZOQnzAmwuTVwr7zaZTMNA4gXXXk0T7fxKVzp1RrCEYL23/foOpg2mRMCHp9DdPniieERKiH/snx26gLiJv/t6HEFMd/XaFtyPclOk+L/+nzMP++u1SdOCNumzTF/8fP6VM4d+kqpgfalmnaZNweLLMqXHBbhA/BK/f+/Tc9Z/B+hKDDtjnu8t2E+JNTfoUaKdsxAXdMUv8e+nfcdsckjT8Sgwdpfwix0A7UhZO2p1AgjwCEhtDOS2iodPoe/HlKp0KxLDoWGDMd3ywVPzvtOHjkj+E373e1oW5FPfYHbuw3Tpji/6vv9DF8dEb9V9lVXLnULUNmz52OOzRIh3KsRnT9NwUeC9Z/o/rbGEyY4s/V6cMf4Yx65PCrK7gkXyi7G3Onf019UMzPRtM8lG8Wf8VfQXvrAdjt/+ifyerchNK1+9HhG5l0Y2YsQoARrYMIaXJzigiEtiHj7ZiSLf5Iacfhj86rJnv48NWVTshNJjsH0+8YF2xb3g/P4mKwbanCDZBgjDkL35GPie9K/gCj9wePu3yqTm2o0aASHvpBfbdHFKG68U0ccHnQe8MFq04vZrNjNvRzijEklcAUzFvyZOD+sBVY/fL7wYUnfd738fLaddhkq8Liwmexr+MqjDnfxmNF4sf6TTz70zdwUn6+qVgHbTte2uIGsACr8rM1p6HHf6wRt0+e4h8COdyGD+SnQYg0bNgqz6waDOA45Dz49xB3k6HlZfy06YS/E+q7gLafbcYW+cLA95E/K3wQNFJqvgsOrJBnqhWjrq0bOQWPoqTkB/ivjz6kGr4ZYrq3T8Y0+QLe+zj4gX8tOZ/3CLZu/ddI2Yq6Pf46iBoNd+pBwDgDDz72oH8m47NWNJ30LzTt87biZy81wSvu/1r1nzFrjPocfwNNTuU8/QCNu5r9Q5xBr/+AydMmi0v0OHzwd7ggOnGiDW7d2Xe1WYS98xt4SP6deQ97mn4T+E0SV4lW+J8uMxwLPsddvmDmh/lDnBZhqfrQc/4UjovtpnvwQPH38ajl6/js3V/hYN+jeMKOSusN6jkOWrMD1PtT83Ov1N1+RHrTWi01xDVLT1XK4MyVkJlAqiARPw7l2IiRJmZH6p8H1yRP6wvaM6DkGUZzpLLG44HZllFmSyGOWZmRZlr1O1aSes/bpYqwmZ8WKS9PzJhUzWJSzpvgrK9odR5lFiWUWZnieK1ZUFrxRotvjlRhPyv552VGC6dOV2OWluZsN5P07bxv+2dkBWe8/kVqb1ysmj0XZVZmXHUQyUBjZqwWTQpsS/12GwU5bJZjlLDR2lD3UcmaZ1KdV6rZh+qZx5rnqSpssH1GmE347TwpT27vyv8d0X5niqTa1vNy2+ptb5SKgrMgIWnOypSLrtG2xPZ4yxfJKOisntWutJH++QnOpB6wRXhbjP77aJGqWy9FqfDU3qXVbtP/itnNf8OO74kV4I+BC4in9d8YqsKJm/efQ3P7EbxpFYtPKi/x1IZf4ICrBb+sCNwsDyPGW9aFh5VvKHaiuXKe/6Z6JYp+7/Efa8x8BBuad6NafuaXuM1F3LC8E88tEPc3DfY1GZbKvWhv/efAwrkinsCTKdr3otIi/pIfyEuJr7Evn+LwsJurlXCDSFe5j61avtYnz3qrbnwdrz23MOTelXHIeXidahacuNNHazJH/HUwEAmGTVMB5Wkub1pRFvxhEMNnrWhvXgfL+MB/icbpKHnFjpbg78cclFl/jX9v3RRyw7vWU2Qa0fpaHRb0u1gtztPV2Ouyq9qqmAluhd3VhA3KBIOch/GSvGCu8DfhbvRCfYNFzFqJt3wxIxpMgHgtwuPW+n1scv0LXl/7XXky0p5Df8BgHqQXnlJqbDGIvqaSVbHYnuqrsjm138VCf7NzUXU6D1ZXc4wnBKR2UYcr92l5HgwXDuOhQJIKsN0macUwWxSIIqDVbhN7xcznhdtRH1g1WKzsG1hNWb6vR8n5MK7iLVY3vkV0ykTcTlTlTlA9fFako34IrAGG0IfhKqsjB1dVVq/gHmP18KEci5C85ddgl7sDx+RV4iOsBq3w8Z0CFKAABShAgdQVUI/Oao11qvcP7XPk+1JMFXbpvHzzyiBWUleNx4v8+/8FVvFWxtGD2/tWbNYe0xbHq+6lCR6v3CegGhtXxxn8rFo9fAjHaubNtEgqe8K/EnXk+w6GVkPK0SN7Hiip8J0CFBhOAbbb4dRkXBRIjIBWu03YFTNfhwN1VWJVcfVKyv4Vl722jXjV+Tkw3Kt4ixWSg1NuxVBmd+DhzVdx6tA/w+btW/VY6j0Le4VYXPME3jnzuWoqdaRO91BWD492rJI3cW/PC2j1XIMkXYPn9fvxyV6xEjVfFKAABShAAQqkq0CCOmY38dmJY/5VyvutpDwfG494IEkubC6YisSt4j0OMyv2QZLOYm/+52hx7Iet9ocolR/BAXx16Yp/TZtotT6U1cOjHatevXnZY8gziUVG1SvRR8sU91GAAhSgAAUokMoCqpXmRrIYV+E50x4zgcSt4u1Dz8k9WF2wXH5GYmjG4lrdeCirh0c7Nrh6swX3z5iqWp26byX60PzyOwUoQAEKUIAC6SGQoCtm42DO8j9rCxcvozu4knJ/xISt4h0cMvUvn2A/4IKntzv40OT+uUrwt+DqzR58eFY9pNq3En2Cc8TkKEABClCAAhRIkECCOmZjcOeceYFVyvtWUkbPCdjK58JgMKPYdhIYwirsA/Lq8aD9uFga/evIeqAIix614M7PPoD9YOyregNKZzCB1as373kDTu91AOqV6AcTKY+hAAUoQAEKUCAVBBLUMQOMM0uw0bpAPD8GmwrvQobBAMOEuVix+wSQtxI1D2fBaJyJJRurkCcemrF7Of5mQgYMhlthLnwBTrFwpvXHWDXQRTODV6BUy2WMy8YDD/tv9LeVzpDzkmEuxzv4a3kx0rjuMRux2h2HnOLHUSEWP3S+gELzrX6DpR/ir54QeeaLAhSgAAUoQIF0FUhYxwyYDMv61+Cyq1dcFqsp2+HaW4sC+Sb3EVjF25iFh196pm+V57szgOt3Y9GGRjSpVx9vOoD9r/8vzBedwj1vw9UVYbw1AWeCMXMRXnH+OrhCtKmsAS3ObfjR305NQOpMggIUoAAFKECB0RJI/5X/R0t20On2wF2/ELlVTsC0GvbfNaAkcyzQcwz1CxehynkbyuxHsKtkKI/yiZ45rZWIox/BvRSgwGgLsN2Odg0wfQoMXECr3bJjNnDHET7Chx73K1iYux5OrZTUnTWt/cOwTetEGYZoGQUFKDCCAmy3I4jLqCkwQgJa7TaBQ5kjVKq0i1b7YbfBh1M7N/qvoKVduVkgClCAAhSgAAV4xYznQJiAVg8+LBA3UIACSSXAdptU1cHMUCAuAa12yytmcdExEAUoQAEKUIACFBh5geAVM9Fr44sCFKAABShAAQpQIHECkiT1Syz4SCaxQ+uSWr/Q/KILAZ4HuqhmFjLNBNhu06xCWRxdCGhdFONQpi6qnoWkAAUoQAEKUCAVBNgxS4VaYh4pQAEKUIACFNCFADtmuqhmFpICFKAABShAgVQQYMcsFWqJeaQABShAAQpQQBcC7JjpoppZSApQgAIUoAAFUkGAHbNUqCXmkQIUoAAFKEABXQiwY6aLamYhKUABClCAAhRIBQF2zFKhlphHClCAAhSgAAV0IcCOmS6qmYWkAAUoQAEKUCAVBNgxS4VaYh4pQAEKUIACFNCFADtmuqhmFpICFKAABShAgVQQYMcsFWqJeaQABShAAQpQQBcC7JjpoppZSApQgAIUoAAFUkGAHbNUqCXmkQIUoAAFKEABXQiwY6aLamYhKUABClCAAhRIBYE06Jj50NVWB7PBjPz6Y+gJU1f2L4Gt42rY3sFt8KGnwwmHrQb5BgMM8j8z8mtew1tuL3yDi5RHUYACFKAABSigc4E06JgpNeiFs+pF7HBfVjaM0Pt1eNtewsJZa/FWZwF2dvdCkiRIvW7UP3AFjoUWFNYdhpe9sxHyZ7QUoAAFKECB9BVIo46ZBXl5J1FV+Uu4e0aqV+RDj3s7nijcjyz7r/DLymLMHB8gNJpgKVmP7c1VwKb1ePbAOV45S992w5JRgAIUoAAFRkQgjTpmWXii7nlUtFtRucOlMaSp9rsOr9uB+vK5gWFIAwz5NbC1dcQ4rhPH9v0jnEVPoWbRdITjGTHesgzPVd8K25qdcHaNVAdRXRZ+pgAFKEABClAgXQTC+xYpXLKM6Y/ixW0laI86pBm46rXwLWSsbkGvGIaUrsHz3G3YU7g++lBo1x9waI8bpvtnYFpEuSnILS6CyduCQ67OFNZk1ilAAQpQgAIUSLRAxO5FojMyPOmNReaiKmyrOBdlSNN/1at9WTlWzDMFrnqNhSnvMSwrOonDH12MOATpu3gWH3pNmDvLjPExM+zBh2c/jxhXzMMZgAIUoAAFKEAB3QmMSbsSG6dj0Ys/QcW31qByx3fQXJkbUsSpKNjsggdd6Gh7C29f7gXwZxzd+jy2OIGix0KC8ysFKEABClCAAhRIkECaXTHzqxkzH4kypOlDz8ldKDdPwqzCn+PoZXEf2H9E8T840FgEHG/3RLzPzDhtBu43eaOG6as3M+6fMVXjPrS+EPxEAQpQgAIUoAAF1ALpd8VMLp0ypPkISittuG+tuCoWePk6sG9dLQ4/bMf510qQqXRNu9pQc9wL3K8E1HifeC+Kl1mw5cOzuOgDJirH9gvaCdehFnhNRSjOndJvD79QgAIUoAAFKECBaAKaXYtoB6TMPmVIs70BL2x9ry/bPR60HwfmfucbMKlK7+u+jM+Doa7De2w7ys2BxWPz6+Do6AIwBfOWPIm8lpexWXM5DDGxYA9e2nINFdtWIk+75xZMhR8oQAEKUIACFKCAWkDVNVFvTo/PypDm/3P+Fl6lSPJVLzNa9rwBp/e6vNXnfR+v1D0PmxLIdwb/57m3Mbf5C0jSF3At+APWNLrQBbEcxmrsbf0BzpQ+gv9WfwgdypppPi/cjgasXmgFahuwQXM5DSUTfKcABShAAQpQgALhAmndMQOUIc05qpJPRd7//Dma5v0WheZb5XXM7nr6A9xd/nPYqy3+cMbZqDj0L6i0TAYwEfd8817cFoxhLEwFz6PV04SSKW1YOSHDvxZahgWVRyehpNmN1o3z+12NCx7KDyqBq+iwLYHBkIuatr5rlaoA8kdfhw3FBgPMNW0Q1yw1X76TsBWbYTDXoS3i2nFMT9jRUyAM3/kyrHFpntzJtjG+djScLjxnh/ecpefweo5ECzVI4nlCgZd45qPqq7JZ1+8+72E8u/wgcm1bUJI5VhcWPA90Uc0sZJoJsN2mWYWyOLoQ0Gq3aXrz//DUp79TZkfOK/rplA2PHGOhAAUoQAEKUGAwAuyYaap1ocPxM6x9KxMvNb2KeSZ9XCnTpOBGClCAAhSgAAUSJsChTC1qsXTG7EJsUSYDiDBldnh2lcCkFT7NtmldWk2zIrI4FEg7AbbbtKtSFkgHAlrtlh0zHVT8QIuodaIMNA6GpwAFEivAdptYb6ZGgeEQ0Gq3aT4rczjYGAcFKEABClCAAhRIjAA7ZolxZioUoAAFKEABClAgpgA7ZjGJGIACFKAABShAAQokRoAds8Q4MxUKUIACFKAABSgQU4Ads5hEDEABClCAAhSgAAUSI8COWWKcmQoFKEABClCAAhSIKcCOWUwiBqAABShAAQpQgAKJEWDHLDHOTIUCFKAABShAAQrEFGDHLCYRA1CAAhSgAAUoQIHECLBjlhhnpkIBClCAAhSgAAViCgQfySQeC8AXBShAAQpQgAIUoEDiBCRJ6pfYGOWb2KH1zCZlP9/1I8DzQD91zZKmjwDbbfrUJUuiHwGti2IcytRP/bOkFKAABShAAQokuQA7ZkleQcweBShAAQpQgAL6EWDHTD91zZJSgAIUoAAFKJDkAuyYJXkFMXsUoAAFKEABCuhHgB0z/dQ1S0oBClCAAhSgQJILsGOW5BXE7FGAAhSgAAUooB8Bdsz0U9csKQUoQAEKUIACSS7AjlmSVxCzRwEKUIACFKCAfgTYMdNPXbOkFKAABShAAQokuQA7ZkleQcweBShAAQpQgAL6EWDHTD91zZJSgAIUoAAFKJDkAuyYJXkFMXsUoAAFKEABCuhHgB0z/dQ1S0oBClCAAhSgQJILsGOW5BXE7FGAAhSgAAUooB+BNOiYfY62mlwYDAaNf3NRXu+A23s9zhrtQkebA7aaYlVcxaix/WoAccSZFINRgAIUoAAFKECBEIE06JgFSmSqReuVXkiS1Pev+5/w0PHnkfvEdrh7fCFFD/nqu4C2usWYtfQtdH53K7oD8fR6NuKBzjex0LwQdW0XECOWkEj5lQIUoAAFKEABCsQvkD4dM60yj5+D5c88hSKnFXX7OqJ0qi7D3bAShU33wP6711A5fybGB+IzmiwoqXwFzdZbsGnpJhy4EO/VN60McRsFKEABCpdVlhUAAATRSURBVFCAAhSILJDeHbNgub043u5BT/B7yIeu32Nfw+9RtGENFmWODdkpvk6G5YfrUY3tWPPqe+jSCMFNFKAABShAAQpQYKgCOumYWbCs+F5M1NTyocv1NvZ4zbh/xlREBJl4L4qXWeDd8zZcXRzQ1KTkRgpQgAIUoAAFhiQQsR8ypFiT5GCf93288tOX0ZL3JJbMmxIhV9dx8ewpeJGFWXcpA5gRgorN3lM4e5HDmVGEuIsCFKAABShAgUEKpE/HzLsJhZMyVLMpDcgwv4iLD22Ca+9qWManT1EHWdc8jAIUoAAFKECBJBcYk+T5iz97YlbmyQ0omDjQDthYTJuRAxNa0H6+B5g5LnqaphzMmKZ1H1r0w7iXAhSgAAUoQAEKxBIYaC8mVnwpuN+IibnfxTKTBx+e/TzyzM2uP+DQHjdMy76L3AF3/lKQhVmmAAUoQAEKUCDhArrsmPkuOLDCnI96d2Ce5sRvYsn6b6Ll2W0RlsO4DPcvGrAFq7HtRw/2TSKQ1z77Lyh3fCpXnM97GHX55sBwajFqHCcjzwRNeFUzQQpQgAIUoAAFkl1Afx2znmNoWLoGNq+6aibDsn4nWpf/CaXf+u+oP9wR7FD5vG446tdhYdUN1L5eG1xOw+c9hl21FSjcdDwQ0U189oEdTVnbcL63F92uv8exnb+FhxM41dD8TAEKUIACFKBAFAF9dcx85+BYV4/Op1/FpuwQFWMmCjY2w9O8GFPeXosJgUc8ZZjrcHTKYjR7mrGxIFO1nEYGvr5kK45aZwciugrPmfOYv+BbyDQaMf6e+zDv+DGc+OxmSEL86he4ig7bEhgMuahp+zwiiq/DhmKDAeaatsjrx/lOwlZshsFch7aIS5kwPYFMT4EwfOfLsMYVsRUk04742tFwuvCcHd5zlp7D6zkSrdMgiWcYBV7ieZOqr8rmNHm/DHf9arw6pRbby65hx+xK4I1mVFriWCIjokAP3PWP49Wsf8Cukq+pPt8N3HSjfvZryPrNNpSYUmuORXqfBxErkzsokNICbLcpXX3MvE4FtNptavUYhlJx3ja8WrUXu7EXu1cEIsqtRJYn9TpOQ2HgsRSgAAUoQAEKJK+AfoYyTSXYpTzg/IYL1uw8WF31w3g1axzMWXfh8NE/oQs+9Hz0Lg5mz8OcO/XT903e05w5owAFKEABCqSGgH46ZiNeH2Nw5wNFeHhPISYZMjAh14aslYXIofCIyzMBClCAAhSgQLoI6Oges3SpspEvh9aY98inyhQoQIGhCLDdDkWPx1JgdAS02i2v54xOXTBVClCAAhSgAAUoECbAjlkYCTdQgAIUoAAFKECB0RFgx2x03JkqBShAAQpQgAIUCBNgxyyMhBsoQAEKUIACFKDA6AiwYzY67kyVAhSgAAUoQAEKhAmwYxZGwg0UoAAFKEABClBgdATYMRsdd6ZKAQpQgAIUoAAFwgTYMQsj4QYKUIACFKAABSgwOgLsmI2OO1OlAAUoQAEKUIACYQLsmIWRcAMFKEABClCAAhQYHYHgI5nEYwH4ogAFKEABClCAAhRInIAkSf0SG6N8C92hbOc7BShAAQpQgAIUoEBiBDiUmRhnpkIBClCAAhSgAAViCrBjFpOIAShAAQpQgAIUoEBiBP4/3BowSlI4tfcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the electrical conductivity of molten Na<sub>2</sub>O and P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the model of electron configuration deduced from the hydrogen line emission spectrum (Bohr’s model).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Some physical properties of molecular substances result from the different types of forces between their molecules.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the hydrides of group 16 elements (H<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>S, H<sub>2</sub>Se and H<sub>2</sub>Te) are polar molecules.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The graph shows the boiling points of the hydrides of group 16 elements.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_10.27.26.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/06.a.ii"></p>
<p>Explain the increase in the boiling point from H<sub>2</sub>S to H<sub>2</sub>Te.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Lewis structures show electron domains and are used to predict molecular geometry.</p>
<p>Deduce the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry for the NH<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> ion.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Lewis (electron dot) structures are useful models.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structures of PF<sub>3</sub> and PF<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and use the VSEPR theory to deduce the molecular geometry of each species.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAxAAAAE7CAYAAABNDWchAAAgAElEQVR4Ae3dDXRU93nn8d8MxLGxeCkbNoyw1z6WbOOuHCeWDk5TNpbAluLQOBzwy8YpkiNOC6ex17scJAXsbNOG2jGjg2untPh4NeFl61Mcj7Zb6lMjIlnpIUlNR24S2IAU8DE21jiLFyMkEwzS3D33zouuhEYai4v0H92vzhGal3v//+f5PNJwn7kvE7AsyxJfCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggEAOAsEclmERBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQMARoIHgFwEBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQRyFpie85IsiAAC4xYIBALjXpcVEUAAAQQQQAABEwTSZz7QQJhQDWLwhUD6j84XyZIkAghMuID9RgWvMxPOzoQI+EbA/WYohzD5puwkigACCCCAAAIIIIDApQvQQFy6ISMggAACCCCAAAIIIOAbARoI35SaRBFAAAEEEEAAgUsQ6O9Q49pmxS9hCFadGgI0EFOjjmSBAAIIIIAAAggggMCECNBATAgzkyCAAAIIIIAAAgggMDUEaCCmRh3JAgEETBY406aGwoDsK1hc9F1Yo8bmDsUT6QTeV1tD2cXLudYtbGjTmfTi/EQAAZ8KJHSmbaMKXa8N7teXwppGNXfElXlpGe11yBmjTA1t749g2aeOxorka9InylT3/MrUnBVq7OgbYXke8oMADYQfqkyOCCBghECovlU9luVcatO+3KZlDai3bYkOPvIVPbTlgIb8VxzaoNaeAdeyg+t1P71Es4zIiCAQQGDyBUpV33py2GtFj9ruPKxHyv5IWzpODwnx4teh9GtLTE8v+dSQZZN3ClS6/rXk+BdiCq+Jqtt5/XpN60sLRlieh/wgQAPhhyqTIwIIGCoQVMHCB/X4psVqr2vUS13nDI2TsBBAIL8EZmnhw3XaVPmG6jY2qyuzGyK/siBacwVoIMytDZEhgICvBN5U54kh+yB8lT3JIoDAZRI4eFQn+uggLpOub4flk6h9W3oSRwABowRClaoqmyvplFFhEQwCCOS3QGjVXSqbFZQnJ05NL9X6baX5DUL0ngiwB8ITRgZBAAEExiNwXvEDTfqLJ/arfN1yLbL/k09/xZ/S0tnTLjqZmhOo00D8RACBrAKJuA48+5SeaLld6x64fcg5U/HNSzX7ohOvs51AnXUGnvC5gOt/K59LkD4CCCBwmQUu/o/7kypseFt3/s0evbhukYacjpjlJGpOoL7MRWJ4BPJOoEObl84b+mbDtFI1vLdYfxN7QetK5wzJaOSTqLOdQD1kVe4gkBHgEKYMBTcQQACByytg/8d9hCsoXV5kRkfAdwL2VZhezXIFJd9hkPAECbAHYoKgmQYBBBBAAAEEEEAAgakgQAMxFapIDggg4EOBM+pq3qgK51jmKjU0Hxn6ORI+FCFlBBDwTiDxbrNWF/Jhcd6JTq2RaCCmVj3JBgEEfCKQ6HpZjz5yRo+e+EgDJ9bo/Uf+Ui3xfp9kT5oIIHBZBfoOaMsfPqJI/LLOwuB5LEADkcfFI3QEEPCvQPCmWu3t/iutWDBdZ3t71T9jruZczUu6f38jyBwBjwQSx9X8WKNOfes5PVXk0ZgMM+UEApZlWVMuKxJCwDCBQCAg/tQMK8qUCKdPHY1fUVldp8o37NCLm+5WiB5iSlR2PEnwOjMeNdYZKnBaHY3f1HNzN2hr9UfatnC9tHuP1pcOuUbc0FW45xsB92sMDYRvyk6ikyng/qObzDiYe4oK2O8Y/tFD+t/L/k47Vlw7RZMkrbEEeJ0ZS4jnxxSIN6umcKV2DllwjaL23s4QF+4cwuLDO+7XGN6r8uEvACkjgED+CyS6IqqqiqgrISl4teZ86nc0f85V+Z8YGSCAwOQJhFZoh2U5e8ytCzGFi8oVjjXSPExeRYydmQbC2NIQGAIIIJBdIHjTfXr2wZ+ofFpAgUCFdszfoP9a/qnsK/AMAggggAACHglwCJNHkAyDwGgC7t1+oy3HcwgggMB4BXidGa8c6yGAQC4C7tcY9kDkIsYyCCCAAAIIIIAAAggg4Ag4Z8TYHQVfCCBweQX4O7u8voyOAAISrzP8FiCAwEQIOA2EfXlJ926JiZiYORDwkwB/X36qNrkiMDkCvM5MjjuzIuAXAfcbFBzC5JeqkycCCCCAAAIIIIAAAh4I0EB4gMgQCCCAAAIIIIAAAgj4RYAGwi+VJk8EEEAAAQQQQAABBDwQoIHwAJEhEEAAAQQQQAABBBDwiwANhF8qTZ4IIIAAAggggAACCHggQAPhASJDIIAAAggggAACCCDgFwEaCL9UmjwRQAABBBBAAAEEEPBAgAbCA0SGQAABBBBAAAEEEEDALwI0EH6pNHkigAACCCCAAAIIIOCBAA2EB4gMgQACCCCAAAIIIICAXwRoIPxSafJEAAEEEEAAAQQQQMADARoIDxAZAgEEEEAAAQQQQAABvwjQQPil0uSJAAIIIIAAAggggIAHAjQQHiAyBAIIIIAAAggggAACfhGggfBLpckTAQQQQAABBBBAAAEPBGggPEBkCAQQQAABBBBAAAEE/CJAA+GXSpMnAggggAACCCCAAAIeCNBAeIDIEAgggAACCCCAAAII+EWABsIvlSZPBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQ8EKCB8ACRIRBAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8IsADYRfKk2eCCCAAAIIIIAAAgh4IEAD4QEiQyCAAAIIIIAAAggg4BcBGgi/VJo8EUAAAQQQQAABBBDwQIAGwgNEhkAAAQQQQAABBBBAwC8CNBB+qTR5IoAAAggggAACCCDggQANhAeIDIEAAggggAACCCCAgF8EaCD8UmnyRAABBBBAAAEEEEDAAwEaCA8QGQIBBBBAAAEEEEAAAb8I0ED4pdLkiQACCCCAAAIIIICABwI0EB4gMgQCCCCAAAIIIIAAAn4RoIHwS6XJEwEEEEAAAQQQQAABDwRoIDxAZAgEEEAAAQQQQAABBPwiQAPhl0qTJwIIIIAAAggggAACHgjQQHiAyBAIIIAAAggggAACCPhFgAbCL5UmTwQQQAABBBBAAAEEPBCggfAAkSEQQAABBBBAAAEEEPCLAA2EXypNnggggAACCCCAAAIIeCBAA+EBIkMggAACCCCAAAIIIOAXARoIv1SaPBFAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8ECABsIDRIZAAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAvAjQQfqk0eSKAAAIIIIAAAggg4IEADYQHiAyBAAIIIIAAAggggIBfBGgg/FJp8kQAAQQQQAABBBBAwAMBGggPEBkCAQQQQAABBBBAAAG/CNBA+KXS5IkAAggggAACCCCAgAcCNBAeIDIEAggggAACCCCAAAJ+EaCB8EulyRMBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQ8EaCA8QGQIBBBAAAEEEEAAAQT8IkAD4ZdKkycCCCCAAAIIIIAAAh4I0EB4gMgQCCCAAAIIIIAAAgj4RYAGwi+VJk8EEEAAAQQQQAABBDwQoIHwAJEhEEAAAQQQQAABBBDwiwANhF8qTZ4IIIAAAggggAACCHggQAPhASJDIIAAAggggAACCCDgFwEaCL9UmjwRQAABBBBAAAEEEPBAgAbCA0SGQAABBBBAAAEEEEDALwI0EH6pNHkigAACCCCAAAIIIOCBAA2EB4gMgQACCCCAAAIIIICAXwRoIPxSafJEAAEEEEAAAQQQQMADARoIDxAZAgEEEEAAAQQQQAABvwjQQPil0uSJAAIIIIAAAggggIAHAjQQHiAyBAIIIIAAAggggAACfhGggfBLpckTAQQQQAABBBBAAAEPBGggPEBkCAQQQAABBBBAAAEE/CJAA+GXSpMnAggggAACCCCAAAIeCNBAeIDIEAgggAACCCCAAAII+EWABsIvlSZPBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQ8EKCB8ACRIRBAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8IsADYRfKk2eCCCAAAIIIIAAAgh4IEAD4QEiQyCAAAIIIIAAAggg4BcBGgi/VJo8EUAAAQQQQAABBBDwQIAGwgNEhkAAAQQQQAABBBBAwC8CNBB+qTR5IoAAAggggAACCCDggQANhAeIDIEAAggggAACCCCAgF8EaCD8UmnyRAABBBBAAAEEEEDAAwEaCA8QGQIBBBBAAAEEEEAAAb8I0ED4pdLkiQACCCCAAAIIIICABwI0EB4gMgQCCCCAAAIIIIAAAn4RoIHwS6XJEwEEEEAAAQQQQAABDwRoIDxAZAgEEEAAAQQQQAABBPwiQAPhl0qTJwIIIIAAAggggAACHgjQQHiAyBAIIIAAAggggAACCPhFgAbCL5UmTwQQQAABBBBAAAEEPBCggfAAkSEQQAABBBBAAAEEEPCLAA2EXypNnggggAACCCCAAAIIeCBAA+EBIkMggAACCCCAAAIIIOAXARoIv1SaPBFAAAEEEEAAAQQQ8ECABsIDRIZAAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAvAjQQfqk0eSKAAAIIIIAAAggg4IEADYQHiAyBAAIIIIAAAggggIBfBGgg/FJp8kQAAQQQQAABBBBAwAMBGggPEBkCAQQQQAABBBBAAAG/COTUQPR3NKo4EFCguFEd/ZNB846aa4oVCBSrpvkdDwJIqK/jGVUEClUVOaJEriPGm1VjOwTWqjl+GSD6utT2cqPWPtOhyzB6rlnmsFyfOhorFAgEVNw4jlgvyvOcuiIPKBD4AzV2nM5hfhZBAAEEEEAAAQQQmCyBnBqIyQruss2b6NJLG8NqDz2shvtukhkIferYtkZL76/TjwYuW+YGDDxSnlfqpvvWqj70iuo2Nqsr547OgHQIAQEEEEAAAQQQ8JmAGdvOY6JfqxU7jsqyjmrHimvHXHr0BRI6075TT7TEFVp1l8pm5QnB6Enl/7OzPqOqVaVSy1+rqf39/M+HDBBAAAEEEEAAgSkq4P3Ws314SqRBFc6hPgEFKhoUaetSnwP4vtoayhQIlKmhLb2RmD58JaBAVSTz7nOiK6IqewznsZEOYTqjrraIGioKnUNp7MNphs6VrWKnFNvboriKdPcdN2pWZrGE+rraFGmoSo1XqIqGiNq6zmSWGPlGjusl4upoblRNoX0IlP19q2oa96qrz3673c7vsyqra3emOFZXpk8EKtTY0SelD5sq/jM17/2zlOsDinSdS4aTOhxocNwqNUTaUuOmIk6PEVirlzv+Rc2NNSpMx/DMTxQf9R1/O7+9aqy5NRl3YY0a93WqZ0QMuya7B5cNDDccJU/N0S13lEnq0K69v9RY6iNOz4MIIIAAAggggAACl1/ASn1JSt+86OeFWNgqkiwVha3YhYueHnxg4C0rWlti2WMN/S6xqpsOWr3WgNXTusEKSVaovtXqsdccOGw1VYZSy6+xot32BBes7uga57Hkcm9b0eoiSyqyqqNv2ytZvbEtVvlF89jzLrPCsQ8GYxp+q6fVqg/Zy91vNXX+NvPswImoVes8Piz2UK3VdNiJ1LK6o1a1M2c6TsvKaT3rAysWXjbMJDlPqDZqnRhI5+eeu9wKx3pdc7qeC22wWnsGLKv3oNVUPZK3LJVvsWK9A8n8MnG7xsjYhazKpsNWasmMR/pG1vxS6xeFY1byV6LHOtxU69R2aO3tOdM1GSVPu6qdTValPW46v3QQU+DnaH9fUyA9UkAAAQMEeJ0xoAiEgMAUFnC/xni4B8I+NOh5PRI5pFD1dh3uHZBlDaj38HZVhw5p5xMv6sAZaVbZXVoVkuK7fqTYmYT0m1/pxy3xVKcU0+uH7ZNoT+vw6zFJpVpV9RnXXoJ0Q3VWna/9g+z360P1reqxLFnWB4qFl0ka/Tj6xHtv6ef2dKFiXT//itSA76v9uScViZeouumgep3xenS4qVaheERP/CCW5R3x3NZLdDVrY90rkiq1ofWEBixLA90t2lAeUjzypJ5rv0ordvxcsXC5E09ROKYL1mtaX1qQTtgOWOXh153YBro26vOzzqvrpT/X6p2HpFCtmg732B1gZly1h7V+Wyy15yc9TEjl9VF12rUZeEvR2hJJcbX8+Ff6TXqRIT/T+Ukq/45auz+SZX2k7tf/StWhIQsq0fWyHlsdUVwuw4ETat1QmazJ+h+oo2/BqHkG51+vz9rjxo/qrffOD52AewgggAACCCCAAAJGCHjYQJzVr9/4mext8/jOh3XLzGkKBKZp5i0Pa6fzYIv2xk5Js27UHXcXpTYSz+nM4Zj22RvH1Q+pXB2KvnFc/Wd+qb27OqRQparK5o4AdYXm3/Af5Wxrbl6qhTWNerm5Tcdv/DN1D1iy9tbqpiyZJXpP6Zg94oy5mj0jtVD/cb0R7ZB0SDtX36qZzuE9s3WLs0HsanaGR5LTeuf1m0MH1GKvW71Gjy5Z4Jy0HQzdrSdf65ZlxfT0kk8NH3mE+4u16t7PyG4pggUFmpF4S/t373cai8pNdXp4YfJgrGBoqb717YcVUlzt2/5ZnUMu57RYq1Z/WTcVBKXgAv3est8fYR7XQ4n39dbPuyUVqfrRWi0J2Q3XFQotelA19vkKma9zOrr/1WSOlf9Njz9c4sRpz7HkWw2qtwvV/g96rfNsZo0Rb8yYrXkz7GdO6lTvkMBHXJwHEUAAAQQQQAABBCZeIMtm9ngC+UDHD452idXTeu/0byXNU8mdt0var937D+mI03Qs1qpvfk2LQtKxfb9Q15E3FI1rlJOcr9CC5Y9rz/Z62e/Zx3fW6f6VK7VyeZkKp1WpofnIsHfe0/n06+Txo8kGIv2Q/fPkcR10ugr3g67b8VM6/eEIJwrktN5Zdb/Z6RpsnDeH7DGRlPhQp47ZndnNuvu2a1xXkgpqxuy5crbDjx3V8ZPuDfG5mjNzeiqA6Zp3XbGKRgsnM8cczZ9zlWvJKzV73kzX/X71njrp3C+6+zbd4P6tyjQF7+jg8Q9c63ATAQQQQAABBBBAIB8F3Jt6lxj/VZozf44zRvIQHPuwIvd3+gpKV6p48ZdUaR8607pb0X2dUtEi3Xb751NX4XlVO6LtOpb18KVUmMGQSmue1mv2YVKdrykajeqH4WqF1KLNK/+7XkqfZDwkqywbzVfP0XznkJxyhWO9w+K2c9imFaH0hrdrwJzWK1DhDTcnV3rvtHpH6ENcI2a/6d5jYi8VvFpzi+ygO7XvFydcn2WR0NmeU3Le6y8q1nXzRog7+yxDn8nM0a2fv/W+a45z6jnZ61p2umbOnefctxvAN905nu3RSSeYa3Xrdb/jWoebCCCAAAIIIIAAAvko4GEDMVdlVZXOYUXHtvy1dh6xr6NzXvG21JWDCjeqzT7nwd72Lf6CHqwMSS9u0Wb7cqorb9eN09NX4fmhNm+2zxco0x23JBuSi2ATx9W82r4qUKEqNraqt7hcK1as0IqvfVX3OI3ARWtkHgjOnJt81/3sKfWcTW3ppi8hqnZteS6qI/aVkRLvqm1j8opMhQ1tI58DkdN60/XpkkWyzwRQy25tb383uSHed0gR58pGH/PD7NKZBK/X4gcXJ89heCKs7Y63lIi36nvf3a64fVjY2i/q5kvoH+SeY9dutcft8xLOK35gt3bYh5hlvtJNoZ3jM/qL7YeSe4Bsw+89rc32jpLye1Vxs7NfJLPWRTcyzcY8zc3sKbloKR5AAAEEEEAAAQQQmEyB9Mni7jOr04+lf2auwpS5cs/wq/mkrkqU9apA6aswpUf8rdXZdH/qqkTpKyu5rsJjz1PZZHVmLg2UvnpPetnRrsIkK3llo/Rcw36OeBWmAav38Har+mNfhSnH9Ua5CpPKv2O1dn9kWZbbxPYddhWmka6A1fu6FS5PX8FqWE1GvArT4NWjbJVMXaujVvcwpvTd3K/ClP1KU4NXYbJHzZInV2FKk/MTAQQQGJfAaP+Pj2tAVkIAAQRcAu7XGA/3QEgqKFHt1qham5LnJjiNUaha4ZaottamTqx1HnS9Y63bdWdJ8vCXzJ4JhVT54BdUnDW6oApKH9OezlY11Tvv7ad6sErVN7Wq/dnlWpBt3cxegzfVeSL56RRSUAULV2lr+9DxQtVb1NL+jGpTJyhf3Ojlut4cla57QbFo2HX1ohJVh6OKvbghdXLylSq+5zFtqbavjGR/XS3Jff5C6mH3j4JFWr+nXa0/dI+bNOjc85hK7ZOlL/EruGC5nm1/VeF0XE49Y2pNXTFqcPg5Kl3/ojpb/25wWXsvSH2TWjtf1PrS9N6kbHkm1HfiqA7ap4XzAX+DrNxCAAEEEEAAAQQMEwjYjYUdk/3hZqmbhoXodTgJnWl7QguXPiXVt+rI00tGuEys13My3tgC9ocMfklLN9tleTXHK1ONPaopS/jn78sUceJAwH8CvM74r+ZkjMBECrhfYy79LeqJjNyTuYKatWi51tmfwZD+LApPxmWQSxJIX7q38k+0ujyXy9pe0mysjAACCCCAAAIIIDBOAR82EPahVmX6Y/uzEuKpz6YYJx6reSVwXu/+qFm74qWqb7g362d4eDUb4yCAAAIIIIAAAgiMX8CHhzCNH4s1ERivgHu333jHYD0EEEBgNAFeZ0bT4TkEELhUAfdrjD/3QFyqIOsjgAACCCCAAAIIIOBTARoInxaetBFAAAEEEEAAAQQQGI8ADcR41FgHAQQQQAABBBBAAAGfCtBA+LTwpI0AAggggAACCCCAwHgEPGwgEurratfLjQ16piP9AW3jCWm860z2/OONm/UQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgfAe8aiP5/07YvV+j+ugMamIz8J3v+yciZORFAAAEEEEAAAQQQmGAB7xqICQ6c6RBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQGDiBXJrIPq61BZpUEUgIPsasIFAoSoaImrrOpOMON6smk+Uqe6YfbdddWUzFShuVEd/v+LNa511ir/3svZurEquXxVRV+IdNdcUKxAoVk3zO4OZ93eosdieY62a4/2ZxxPxDjU31qgwHUNhjRr3dck5WCrr/LnOMVqcdghn1NUWUUNFYSr/KjVE2tTVl8jExw0EEEAAAQQQQAABBPwgMH3sJE+rY9s6La17xbVoXO2bV6v9QI9iex5TqeuZbDePbbhfX0o9Gfrs9ZoflA5lW3j4430HtOWh5aprjw8+E9+puso3dDj6j3rh9wYfvtRbF8d5Xu82b1T5yq0anL1Fm1e3aNePt6tt6yotLMitD7vU2FgfAQQQQAABBBBAAIHJFhh7y7f/mF7bZjcPpapvPSnLsmT1vq5weUhqD2vjS11KhFZox4WYwkV2OuUKx3plHV2v0iHtyTKFYx/Isi6o69tf0KycMz+nrpcak81D+XfU2v2RLOsjdbd+R+U6pMgjz6v96uU5zJ/rhMPiPLNfzz2yVfFQrZoO96TyP6im6hLFd35fPzhwKteBWQ4BBBBAAAEEEEAAgbwXGLKJP2I2wU/phjtLpGMd2ry0Qu+FN+irN1ypGxs7NFAa0tgdSGrUyhW693NznDsFBWNPOxjLSR368RuSilT9aK2WhK5wngot+VO9Zv3p4GKDRzsNPjaeW8Pi7O94Q1Fn10NEq2+JaPWwMXft/aUeX7LkYzREwwbgLgIIIIAAAggggAACeSQw9vZ/8Dot39Sk7fWVsg862ln3da1cuVLLywo1rWKjmtPnQYyRdPqwpTEWk04e10HnXIrUkv3/V2/+xP3AmCOMvcDwOVxrDI2zXyePH9Vos8ffO60PXetzEwEEEEAAAQQQQACBqSwwdgMhKRhapJqn98qyetTZ+veKRv9W4eoSqf0prXz0ZXXlcC7xjHmzNWM8ktP/vW74ffvYqLN67/SHymGq8cySWWdonEFdPWeuQvazRWHFLljJQ5jsw7jS3ztWJJ/PjMANBBBAAAEEEEAAAQSmrsCYDUTi3WatLrSvilSljW29Kl7yVa1YcZ++9tU7L3HD+SrNmW8f0nRM+175V71rdwaJd9X2/ee1c4j3PJXcebukuFp27VZ7/Ly9oPqO7FCNE9cDinSdG7LG4J1c5xhcY+itoGaV3aVVdgdxbIee23nIuepTIr5PG50rMpWpoe39oatwDwEEEEAAAQQQQACBKSwwZgMRXLBEf7JumaQWPbX0Gk1zLqP6SV3jXJWoRLVrlqrYHiV4teYW2Vva7su4jiY3Szff8XmnCYlHVuqaaQEFpl2jpT8+L/v87MGvK3XTA+tTJ21/R0sLP6lAYJpm3vKwdsZDKt/wR7qn+Mos8+c6x+BsF92aVaZvbKpVyD58a/WtmhkIaFphpZ5qjytU/ai+sWjuRavwAAIIIIAAAggggAACU1VgzAZCmqPS9S+qs7VJ9e4t+/J6NbVG9eyK65InUgdv0D3ffVzV6Y3/a6dJ50Y74OgKLVj+uPZsr1e5oxtSeX2TWl/YqGXDj3UqWKR1L+5RNFw9uNcjVK1wdI9e3HS3Qk4DM9L803OfI2uFZ2lh7TNqH5J/iarDr6qdS7hmVeMJBBBAAAEEEEAAgakpELDsg/kl5wPSUjenZqZkhcAkCtgfwMjf1yQWgKkR8IEArzM+KDIpIjCJAu7XmBz2QExipEyNAAIIIIAAAggggAACRgnQQBhVDoJBAAEEEEAAAQQQQMBsARoIs+tDdAgggAACCCCAAAIIGCVAA2FUOQgGAQQQQAABBBBAAAGzBWggzK4P0SGAAAIIIIAAAgggYJQADYRR5SAYBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTMFqCBMLs+RIcAAggggAACCCCAgFECNBBGlYNgEEAAAQQQQAABBBAwW4AGwuz6EB0CCCCAAAIIIIAAAkYJ0EAYVQ6CQQABBBBAAAEEEEDAbAEaCLPrQ3QIIIAAAggggAACCBglQANhVDkIBgEEEEAAAQQQQAABswVoIMyuD9EhgAACCCCAAAIIIGCUAA2EUeUgGAQQQAABBBBAAAEEzBaggTC7PkSHAAIIIIAAAggggIBRAjQQRpWDYBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQMFuABsLs+hAdAggggAACCCCAAAJGCdBAGFUOgkEAAQQQQAABBBBAwGwBGgiz60N0CCCAAAIIIIAAAggYJS/4RXgAABVHSURBVEADYVQ5CAYBBBBAAAEEEEAAAbMFaCDMrg/RIYAAAggggAACCCBglAANhFHlIBgEEEAAAQQQQAABBMwWoIEwuz5EhwACCCCAAAIIIICAUQI0EEaVg2AQQAABBBBAAAEEEDBbgAbC7PoQHQIIIIAAAggggAACRgnQQBhVDoJBAAEEEEAAAQQQQMBsARoIs+tDdAgggAACCCCAAAIIGCVAA2FUOQgGAQQQQAABBBBAAAGzBWggzK4P0SGAAAIIIIAAAgggYJQADYRR5SAYBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTMFqCBMLs+RIcAAggggAACCCCAgFECNBBGlYNgEEAAAQQQQAABBBAwW4AGwuz6EB0CCCCAAAIIIIAAAkYJ0EAYVQ6CQQABBBBAAAEEEEDAbAEaCLPrQ3QIIIAAAggggAACCBglQANhVDkIBgEEEEAAAQQQQAABswVoIMyuD9EhgAACCCCAAAIIIGCUAA2EUeUgGAQQQAABBBBAAAEEzBaggTC7PkSHAAIIIIAAAggggIBRAjQQRpWDYBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQMFuABsLs+hAdAggggAACCCCAAAJGCdBAGFUOgkEAAQQQQAABBBBAwGwBGgiz60N0CCCAAAIIIIAAAggYJUADYVQ5CAYBBBBAAAEEEEAAAbMFaCDMrg/RIYAAAggggAACCCBglAANhFHlIBgEEEAAAQQQQAABBMwWoIEwuz5EhwACCCCAAAIIIICAUQI0EEaVg2AQQAABBBBAAAEEEDBbgAbC7PoQHQIIIIAAAggggAACRgnQQBhVDoJBAAEEEEAAAQQQQMBsARoIs+tDdAgggAACCCCAAAIIGCVAA2FUOQgGAQQQQAABBBBAAAGzBWggzK4P0SGAAAIIIIAAAgggYJQADYRR5SAYBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTMFqCBMLs+RIcAAggggAACCCCAgFECNBBGlYNgEEAAAQQQQAABBBAwW4AGwuz6EB0CCCCAAAIIIIAAAkYJ0EAYVQ6CQQABBBBAAAEEEEDAbAEaCLPrQ3QIIIAAAggggAACCBglQANhVDkIBgEEEEAAAQQQQAABswVoIMyuD9EhgAACCCCAAAIIIGCUAA2EUeUgGAQQQAABBBBAAAEEzBaggTC7PkSHAAIIIIAAAggggIBRAjQQRpWDYBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQMFuABsLs+hAdAggggAACCCCAAAJGCdBAGFUOgkEAAQQQQAABBBBAwGwBGgiz60N0CCCAAAIIIIAAAggYJUADYVQ5CAYBBBBAAAEEEEAAAbMFaCDMrg/RIYAAAggggAACCCBglAANhFHlIBgEEEAAAQQQQAABBMwWoIEwuz5EhwACCCCAAAIIIICAUQI0EEaVg2AQQAABBBBAAAEEEDBbgAbC7PoQHQIIIIAAAggggAACRgnQQBhVDoJBAAEEEEAAAQQQQMBsARoIs+tDdAgggAACCCCAAAIIGCVAA2FUOQgGAQQQQAABBBBAAAGzBWggzK4P0SGAAAIIIIAAAgggYJQADYRR5SAYBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTMFqCBMLs+RIcAAggggAACCCCAgFECNBBGlYNgEEAAAQQQQAABBBAwW4AGwuz6EB0CCCCAAAIIIIAAAkYJ0EAYVQ6CQQABBBBAAAEEEEDAbAEaCLPrQ3QIIIAAAggggAACCBglQANhVDkIBgEEEEAAAQQQQAABswVoIMyuD9EhgAACCCCAAAIIIGCUAA2EUeUgGAQQQAABBBBAAAEEzBaggTC7PkSHAAIIIIAAAggggIBRAjQQRpWDYBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQMFuABsLs+hAdAggggAACCCCAAAJGCdBAGFUOgkEAAQQQQAABBBBAwGwBGgiz60N0CCCAAAIIIIAAAggYJRCwLMsKBAJGBUUwCCCAAAIIIIAAAgggYJaAZVlOQNPtf+07dhORftCsUIkGgfwX4O8r/2tIBgiYLsDrjOkVIj4E8lvAvcOBQ5jyu5ZEjwACCCCAAAIIIIDAhArQQEwoN5MhgAACCCCAAAIIIJDfAjQQ+V0/okcAAQQQQAABBBBAYEIFaCAmlJvJEEAAAQQQQAABBBDIbwEaiPyuH9EjgAACCCCAAAIIIDChAjQQE8rNZAgggAACCCCAAAII5LcADUR+14/oEUAAAQQQQAABBBCYUAEaiAnlZjIEEEAAAQQQQAABBPJbgAYiv+tH9AgggAACCCCAAAIITKgADcSEcjMZAggggAACCCCAAAL5LUADkd/1I3oEEEAAAQQQQAABBCZUgAZiQrmZDAEEEEAAAQQQQACB/Baggcjv+hE9AggggAACCCCAAAITKkADMaHcTIYAAggggAACCCCAQH4L0EDkd/2IHgEEEEAAAQQQQACBCRWggZhQbiZDAAEEEEAAAQQQQCC/BWgg8rt+RI8AAggggAACCCCAwIQK0EBMKDeTIYAAAggggAACCCCQ3wI0EPldP6JHAAEEEEAAAQQQQGBCBWggJpSbyRBAAAEEEEAAAQQQyG8BGoj8rh/RI4AAAggggAACCCAwoQI0EBPKzWQIIIAAAggggAACCOS3AA1EfteP6BFAAAEEEEAAAQQQmFABGogJ5WYyBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTyW4AGIr/rR/QIIIAAAggggAACCEyoQA4NRL/izWsVCARS32vVHO93BZnQmbaNKsw8X6HGjj7X8zncjDerxll/+Ng5rOvZIq48a5oV92xcvwyUUF9Xu15ubNAzH7f+fiEiTwQQQAABBBBAYAoI5NBADM8yptcPn3Y9eFa/fuNnbHC7RHx5s//ftO3LFbq/7oAGfAlA0ggggAACCCCAgD8ExtFAdGjX3l/qTNoncUK/2NeZvsdPBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQmMICH6+BeGid6itDiu/6kWJnEg5L4uhPtbslrtBj9VpXNIJUX5faXm5UTWH6EKgqNUTa1NWXXH+ENVIP2YfEtCnSUJU6dKpQFQ0RtXVlWpfkcom4Oprd49+qmsa9rvHfUXNNsQKBYtU0vzM4XX+HGovtmMY6bOqMuvY944o/oMKaRjV3xJXMYPDQp+Lvvay9G1PxVkXUlS3Fvi7ta6xJHfZVpYYdB/TOgUYV24dxFTeqI3OE2Bl1tUXUUFGYMshiN6ZxnzoaK5wxihv36VeZfGzTZnX19auva68aa25NzlPRoB2Z/GyyMWphH4L2iTLVHbOXbVdd2cxUHllsKr6uGienQlVFjqQcU+XsiqjKdijcqLbU79hg0biFAAIIIIAAAgggMOkCVupLUvrmsJ8XrO7oGst+XtU7rdam+y2p3ArHei3L+q3V6dwvtepf3WOFi+R6zrKs3oNWU3VJcl17ffd3+RYr1juQnKs7alU7z62xot0XnMcGTkSt2tCwdexlQrVW0+GeVIwfWLHwsqHjpuYI1UatE87wb1vR6iJLKrKqo28P5nYhloo3Pac7z6jV7Sz5kXUi+k0r5I47fTv0TSt64iPLslzrpZ+TrFB9q5WOcnBSy7IG3rKitcNNSqyHqpcn5ykKWzGHIPvcoert1uG0XU7GvVYsXD6ikxSyytets6qHW4c2WK09yfqMWYtM/Vz1cvLIZtNivd26IZlvZZPVmfo1GPx9GsVvCGb+3Mn+95U/ORApAgiYLcDrjNn1IToE8l3A/Rrz8fZA6GrdeNsiFalT+35xwn5fWic635RUpjt+91PDmqFz6nrpz7V65yEpVKumwz12h6KB7hZtKA9J7WGt3xbTyKdbv6/2555UJF6i6qaD6rUsWVaPDjfVKhSP6IkfxJxDqBJdzdpY94qkSm1oPaEB1/jxyJN6rv39YTF9zLuJN7X3efuE6mUKxz5Ixn8iqtqQpPj/0ZvvnR82YHq5C+r69hc0a9iz9t3E0VY9Hzk0LOYtuu7t14eeR3Jmv557ZKviLjur96CaqksU3/l9/eDAKUnjMM6M94Fi4WV2Imrf0iJtsp0H1BvbonI70PjP9Mavz0rKoRahFdpxIaawsweqXOFYr6yj61U63Q3gtvlPurbsLq2yHVte1f6j55ILJt7S/t37Jd2vTatH9nOPyG0EEEAAAQQQQACBiRf4mA2ENP3G27UyFFfL7p/q6Olfau+uDqlykUo+/Ymh0Wc2BkOq3FSnhxcmN6eDoaX61rcfVsjecN32z+rMHK7jWr3/uN6Idkg6pJ2rb9VM5wpNs3XL6oizkZ08hOq8fnPogFrs1arX6NElC2QnEwzdrSdf65ZlxfT0kuFNjWuOXG4GF6p2b7esgRdUcaJNzc0vaMMfPqKIc4mmXp3sSW34pseqXKF7PzdH0nQVFFyZftT185yO7n81GXPlg3q4PB1z2mRw0f5fv6GoPU88otW3zE4eWjTz1mRDptR5KOMwDq36uu5zajFHt1WUy9nmD31FNff9rgoUVMFtX9Qy96FoOdUi27Fag/louM2sz6hqVamk/dq9/y0l7Hb03/5Ju1riUuWXtLh4JD/XeNxEAAEEEEAAAQQQmBSBj91AKL3h17JHzf+jWbviIVU++AUVDx8p8aFOHbO3gG/W3bdd42zcJzMMasbsuZph3zl2VMdPjtBBnDyug87x9FlM4qd0+sOz6n7zEk7eHmsOZ+ozOhJZrcJphSpbvlIrV/6xNrenL/A6U/NmD93IDX32es0f7jAkhX71njrpPDJ0WZeJ82y/Th4/qlEJ3jutD8dhPGPe7KS9O64ZczV7RpbAx3JyajF2AzE0X3vyuVr0wNdVrlQzmjilAy/9rdpVoto1Sy/+fXLHy20EEEAAAQQQQACBSRPIstU4WjxzdMsdZZL+XhvqtiquxXpw8fWuBiG1bvBqzS2yj1FJH+6UHjOhsz2nZB8co6JiXTdvyHEuyYWunqP59qpKHQ7jHMJkH8aU/t6mFaECFd5wc3L5906rd+xt2OSyH+PfRNfLeszZ61Gp+qYf6u9j3RrIHKpz8UAjbpwPWWy6Zs6d5zwS//lbei8Ts8vEeTaoq+fMlUNQFFbsQjpv188dKxS6FOMhcY1yJ6dajFDDYUNebBNUwefu0arKUPIwpti/JPdmhb6ir9917cW/T8PG4y4CCCCAAAIIIIDA5AiMo4GYrk+XLFJlOt5Qsa6ff0X63uDP4PVa/OBi5xj7lifC2n4kefWkRLxV3/vudsUVUvnaL+rmkbY903s51K4tz0V1xL5iU+JdtaWucFTY0KYzcsXRslvb299NXs2n75AiztWE0lf4uUpz5tuHFR3Tvlf+Ve/aG+32WN9/XjsHox3hVkJ9J47qoP1M6EbdUXWvvlr67/Sbf/5HvTLaroERRhp86EoVL/5S0s4V86BJesmgZqXPETi2Q8/tPOScK5KI79NG5+pFZWpoe1+6FOP0VGP9zKkWYw2S5flM/PvV1PCUdsWl0Kq7VDZrHL+WWabgYQQQQAABBBBAAAFvBca1pRYs/oIetN85trets27wXambHlivsH3CtOs4/mmFlXrKPgyovE6Na8tUMGI+c7XoG4+q2l5158O6ZeY0BaZdo6VPtTgnZG/6RplzgnLwphV60jkRuEVPLb1G0+xzJdLnCZSvUcM9NyioWbr5js877+bHIyt1zbRAcqwfn5cdWvavoApuLtM99jLxrVp5zScVCHxShUv3SOX2SQIjnAORfbDMM8HipVpTW2KfPZyJeVrhOh3/D3ck9zikl5xVpm9sqlXIdR5I2i5U/ai+sWiupEsxTk801s/caqHM3hD3ZVzHGvtKFVf9Z9WG4vpp+08V5+TpscB4HgEEEEAAAQQQmHSBcTUQg+98l2pV1WdGvNqQk1nBIq3f067WH4adZiCZrX04UKs69zym0oJs0wdVsHCVtra3qqk+s69Doeotaml/RrWpE7KlOSpd94JiUff4JaoORxV7cYOWhOw9I1dowfLHtWd7ffLqQvaej/omtb6wUcucEzGy1yC44A+0ac9O1ac7jfJ6bY/9L/3PR++S0icyZ1995GeC12nFs1G1hKuTDUOoWuGWqLb+l98fdm7CLC2sfUbtrU2D88vO7VW1b12lhWm7cRuPHN7Fj+ZYi+ANuue7jw/W+dpp0rnMMVoXD5t6JLjgi/q6czK1fWEqTp7OCmVfcSvygAKB1N6nLAsmUp+jkdxLl22hI4pUFY7xWRvMZ+vhaSNM8O8Lv+tZ/nAv/8P5+/vO36rz2zHRf6vMl7waZr7+33yJLykB+5q09hiBQMA5x+ASx2P1MQT6Oxq1sKxOx+yThaP/qBdWXKegTquj8Q9VZl+Stjqqbvv8hjHGmTJP24ecffNrWr3z/6myqU3/VLtwSp7/wN/XlPmNJREEjBXgdcbY0hAYAlNCwP0aM9IZCFMiSVOTmH7zF7W2PKS69kOKrLxekSGBlqj2q6X69JDHpugd+9OrC1cOnocS2qCG+26aks3DFK0gaSGAAAIIIICATwWyHUPkU44JSLtgkda9uEfR9CFM6SnL69XUGtWzzh6J9INT+Oe863Rr+vMmyjco2v4tLeHk6SlccFJDAAEEEEAAgakiwCFMU6WS5GG0gHu3n9GBEhwCCOStAK8zeVs6AkcgLwTcrzHsgciLkhEkAggggAACCCCAAAJmCNBAmFEHokAAAQQQQAABBBBAIC8EaCDyokwEiQACCCCAAAIIIICAGQI0EGbUgSgQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgLARqIvCgTQSKAAAIIIIAAAgggYIYADYQZdSAKBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTyQoAGIi/KRJAIIIAAAggggAACCJghQANhRh2IAgEEEEAAAQQQQACBvBCggciLMhEkAggggAACCCCAAAJmCNBAmFEHokAAAQQQQAABBBBAIC8EaCDyokwEiQACCCCAAAIIIICAGQI0EGbUgSgQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgLARqIvCgTQSKAAAIIIIAAAgggYIYADYQZdSAKBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTyQoAGIi/KRJAIIIAAAggggAACCJghQANhRh2IAgEEEEAAAQQQQACBvBCggciLMhEkAggggAACCCCAAAJmCNBAmFEHokAAAQQQQAABBBBAIC8EaCDyokwEiQACCCCAAAIIIICAGQI0EGbUgSgQQAABBBBAAAEEEMgLARqIvCgTQSKAAAIIIIAAAgggYIYADYQZdSAKBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTyQiBgWZYVCATyIliCRAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgckRsCzLmXi6/W/6zuSEwqwIIIAAAggggAACCCCQLwIcwpQvlSJOBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQMEKCBMKAIhIAAAggggAACCCCAQL4I/H/OUv7U6vBe3AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict with a reason, whether the molecule PF<sub>3</sub> is polar or non-polar.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Bromine can form the bromate(V) ion, BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the electron configuration of a bromine atom.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the orbital diagram of the <strong>valence shell</strong> of a bromine atom (ground state) on the energy axis provided. Use boxes to represent orbitals and arrows to represent electrons.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure for BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> that obeys the octet rule.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, using the VSEPR theory, the geometry of the BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ion and the O−Br−O bond angles.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromate(V) ions act as oxidizing agents in acidic conditions to form bromide ions.</p>
<p>Deduce the half-equation for this reduction reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromate(V) ions oxidize iron(II) ions, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, to iron(III) ions, Fe<sup>3+</sup>.</p>
<p>Deduce the equation for this redox reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is in equilibrium with compound </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle2"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="247" height="82"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries around the </span><span class="fontstyle2"><strong>oxygen</strong> </span><span class="fontstyle0">atom of molecule </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">using VSEPR.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="734" height="185"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The IR spectrum of one of the compounds is shown:</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="687" height="247"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em><span class="fontstyle0">COBLENTZ SOCIETY. Collection © 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.</span></em></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><br>Deduce, giving a reason, the compound producing this spectrum.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Compound </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">are isomers. Draw two other structural isomers with the formula <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></span><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The equilibrium constant, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>K</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">, for the conversion of </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">to </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">is </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>8</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">in water at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>298</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi></math>.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, giving a reason, which compound, </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">A </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">or </span><strong><span class="fontstyle3">B</span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">, is present in greater concentration when equilibrium is reached.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Magnesium is a reactive metal often found in alloys.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Organomagnesium compounds can react with carbonyl compounds. One overall equation is:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Compound B can also be prepared by reacting an alkene with water.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iodomethane is used to prepare CH<sub>3</sub>Mg<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math>. It can also be converted into methanol:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>3</sub><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math> + HO<sup>–</sup> → CH<sub>3</sub>OH + <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>I</mtext></math><sup>–</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Magnesium can be produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride.</p>
<p>Write the half-equation for the formation of magnesium.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest an experiment that shows that magnesium is more reactive than zinc, giving the observation that would confirm this.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the name of Compound A, applying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the strongest force between the molecules of Compound B.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structural formula of the alkene required.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the repeating unit of the polymer formed from this alkene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce what would be observed when Compound B is warmed with acidified aqueous potassium dichromate (VI).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline the requirements for a collision between reactants to yield products.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The polarity of the carbon–halogen bond, C–X, facilitates attack by HO<sup>–</sup>.</p>
<p>Outline, giving a reason, how the bond polarity changes going down group 17.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Iron may be extracted from iron (II) sulfide, FeS.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iron (II) sulfide, FeS, is ionically bonded.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The first step in the extraction of iron from iron (II) sulfide is to roast it in air to form iron (III) oxide and sulfur dioxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why metals, like iron, can conduct electricity.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving <strong>two</strong> of its chemical properties.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the bonding in this type of solid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, in terms of their electronic structures, why the ionic radius of the sulfide ion is greater than that of the oxide ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why chemists find it convenient to classify bonding into ionic, covalent and metallic.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the change in the oxidation state of sulfur.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why this process might raise environmental concerns.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the addition of small amounts of carbon to iron makes the metal harder.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Properties of elements and their compounds can be related to the position of the elements in the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the decrease in atomic radius from Na to Cl.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the radius of the sodium ion, Na<sup>+</sup>, is smaller than the radius of the oxide ion, O<sup>2−</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State a physical property of sodium oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Both vinegar (a dilute aqueous solution of ethanoic acid) and bleach are used as cleaning agents.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bleach reacts with ammonia, also used as a cleaning agent, to produce the poisonous compound chloramine, NH<sub>2</sub>Cl.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why ethanoic acid is classified as a weak acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A solution of bleach can be made by reacting chlorine gas with a sodium hydroxide solution.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Cl2 (g) + 2NaOH (aq) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> NaOCl (aq) + NaCl (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest, with reference to Le Châtelier’s principle, why it is dangerous to mix vinegar and bleach together as cleaners.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw a Lewis (electron dot) structure of chloramine.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the molecular geometry of chloramine and estimate its H–N–H bond angle. </span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Molecular geometry:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">H–N–H bond angle:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The following shows some compounds which can be made from ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ethene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the type of reaction which converts ethene into C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the reaction of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O compound, showing structural formulas.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of the organic product in (b).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy of combustion of the organic product in (b), in kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, using data from section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the reagents and conditions for the conversion of the compound C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, produced in (b), into C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why the compound C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, produced in (b), has a higher boiling point than compound C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O, produced in d(i).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethene is often polymerized. Draw a section of the resulting polymer, showing two repeating units.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Carbonated water is produced when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water under pressure.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The following equilibria are established.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="517" height="87"></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Carbon dioxide acts as a weak acid.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Soda water has sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, dissolved in the carbonated water.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Distinguish between a weak and strong acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Weak acid: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Strong acid:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The hydrogencarbonate ion, produced in Equilibrium (2), can also act as an acid.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the formula of its conjugate base.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">When a bottle of carbonated water is opened, these equilibria are disturbed.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State, giving a reason, how a decrease in pressure affects the position of Equilibrium (1).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, referring to Equilibrium (2), how the added sodium hydrogencarbonate affects the pH.(Assume pressure and temperature remain constant.)</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">100.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of soda water contains 3.0 × 10<sup>−2</sup> g NaHCO<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the concentration of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> in mol dm<sup>−3</sup>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the type of bonding in sodium hydrogencarbonate.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Between sodium and hydrogencarbonate:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Between hydrogen and oxygen in hydrogencarbonate:</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbon forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>C<sub>60</sub> and diamond are allotropes of carbon.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>But-2-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine reacts with methane.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4</sub> (g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) → CH<sub>3</sub>Cl (g) + HCl (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline <strong>one</strong> difference between the bonding of carbon atoms in C<sub>60</sub> and diamond.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State two features showing that propane and butane are members of the same homologous series.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the full structural formula of but-2-ene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> differences in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw and label an enthalpy level diagram for this reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>