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<h2>SL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Which solution forms when phosphorus(V) oxide, P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, reacts with water?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which property increases down Group 1, the alkali metals?</p>
<p>A.     Atomic radius</p>
<p>B.     Electronegativity</p>
<p>C.     First ionization energy</p>
<p>D.     Melting point</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which trend is correct, going down group 1?</p>
<p>A.  Melting point increases</p>
<p>B.  Reactivity decreases</p>
<p>C.  First ionisation energy increases</p>
<p>D.  Electronegativity decreases</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="435" height="211"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A well answered question regarding finding principal energy level and valence electrons from position on the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which is a d-block element?</p>
<p>A.&nbsp; Ca</p>
<p>B.&nbsp; Cf</p>
<p>C.&nbsp; C<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mtext>l</mtext></math></p>
<p>D.&nbsp; Co</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which of the following would have the same numerical value for all elements in the same period?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Highest energy levels occupied</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Energy sub-levels occupied</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Orbitals occupied</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Valence electrons</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A challenging question with a high discrimination index. 46 % of the candidates chose the correct answer A (the highest energy levels occupied have the same numerical value for all elements in the same period). A high proportion of candidates chose C (orbitals occupied have the same value ….) and a significant proportion chose B (energy sub-levels occupied have the same value …).</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species has the same electron configuration as argon?</p>
<p>A.  Br<sup>−</sup></p>
<p>B.  Ca<sup>2+</sup></p>
<p>C.  Al<sup>3+</sup></p>
<p>D.  Si<sup>4+</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which oxide will dissolve in water to give the solution with the lowest pH?</span></p>
<p>A.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>10</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>B.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>SiO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>C.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p>
<p>D.  <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>MgO</mi></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Fairly well answered. Almost 70% of candidates could identify that non-metallic oxides would dissolve in&nbsp;water to yield a substance of low pH.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which is an f-block element?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. Sc<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Sm<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Sn<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Sr</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which element is in the p-block?</p>
<p>A.     Pb</p>
<p>B.     Pm</p>
<p>C.     Pt</p>
<p>D.     Pu</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which metal has the strongest metallic bond?</p>
<p>A.     Li</p>
<p>B.     Na</p>
<p>C.     K</p>
<p>D.     Rb</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Three elements, X, Y, and Z are in the same period of the periodic table. The relative sizes of their atoms are represented by the diagram.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="199" height="80"></p>
<p>Which general trends are correct?</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The question involved the identification of three trends. 43% of the candidates selected the correct trends in ionization energy, effective nuclear charge and acidity of the oxides. The most commonly chosen distractor reversed the trend in the acidity of the oxides.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which oxide, when added to water, produces the solution with the highest pH?</p>
<p>A.     Na<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p>B.     SO<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>C.     MgO</p>
<p>D.     CO<sub>2</sub></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which trends are correct across period 3 (from Na to Cl)?</p>
<p>I.   Atomic radius decreases<br>II.  Melting point increases<br>III. First ionization energy increases</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which equation represents the first electron affinity of chlorine? </p>
<p>A. Cl(g)+e<sup>-</sup>→ Cl<sup>-</sup>(g)<br>B. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\frac{1}{2}">
  <mfrac>
    <mn>1</mn>
    <mn>2</mn>
  </mfrac>
</math></span>Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → Cl<sup>-</sup>(g) <br>C. Cl<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> → Cl(g) <br>D. Cl(g) → Cl<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which property shows a general increase from left to right across period 2, Li to F?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A.  Melting point<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B.  Electronegativity<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C.  Ionic radius<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D.  Electrical conductivity</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which element is a lanthanide?</p>
<p>A.     Hf</p>
<p>B.     Tb</p>
<p>C.     U</p>
<p>D.     Y</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which of the following shows a general increase across period 3 from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Na</mi></math> to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>Cl</mi></math><span class="fontstyle0">?</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A.  Ionic radius<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B.  Atomic radius<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C.  Ionization energy<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D.  Melting point</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Although 75% of candidates had the correct answer, this question about trends across period 3 was not a&nbsp;very good discriminator.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which describes the oxide of sodium, Na<sub>2</sub>O?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-09_om_11.47.12.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ1/07"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which combination describes the acid–base nature of aluminium and phosphorus oxides?</p>
<p><img 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3bUI2feZOT4XZyn+wbpG+YgvP/s6xZn/VHsKakB7OswT7HO7+wu6I4swoY5QUQyYNxC49WuF4FIl+7G8c78bK26J1b54kRrYwPs4kOtV3G5pgmAHbXn69DsTELY3a5ylS5D0fE3MSe8f5fJhqaVLh+Rg4D7s24GEz4ld146hA/3NSE+txQ15iswe36qUbRUAfugW+pyG5cOfIJ99ieRW3pRZO8VmM/sxlJpDUoOnundmsVrjbCJJmxsjTeB+ERMG9vdk34kJs96DNKGKpy6LHrDdrai8VobpDMUGOevO/dbZK/8PAyjRo8BcBONtu7Xng2bnICnpTUoO1UnGkwXyimdBMW44QAaYfxgI/Jr5yP3D6/hoX0bkbvXHDj4PkyOWU8r0FB2Cpf9fQbA+5YzEMu8QteKZFQk5GjDtcbWricYui1vwA1cN0MAUbMU1iZK/xW/SY/x6zYIXejB5jBnLY6VnIB06atIjxnhey58Ouan90Egr96BvKJv0YJ2WCt1yMszYeGyuZjU7YNUgvDENCyPO4G8PB0qre2A04rK7ZuRVx2H5UviEQ5gWNREJMKOG823AUQicclziLP/CW9vKRNmGK2oLFAjVv4idKZQhi9GYNKCZ7FQehh5W/ej3gk4raXISZ0K+WIdTP6uCI/HkuVxqM7bjO2VVjg95TyBuOVpSAwHWoxF0OTXYeGm15GRvhIb10Zj3xtbsTdgbaVgf4DPDvv55DqK396Jcms7gHZYK3ciK3YqFuvO37tZzh5oRTJpLpYt/DGq83a4yuisR3lOmjDTL66D7srrD9fNUMDbtN2iSZ+LhIBXZwnCn3gRv4+/LjxN3SvhU5BvbOlfi0W41ps9iPT504N0NcfgicwsxPc2kMf9FOOOvoI4+UQkZ1Ri2vaPsEUlD+37yLAkrNHthmbcF1iSPBFyRSIyTk3DJsN7WOMe9xmbjJcyR6M4Ix7yrL1oSVgJnSEHj1b8CsmKCaJ7tiLDvzF3giRqMbbsLcTyjo34iWICFMm/QsWjOTC8/wJiAgyPQMKa92DQjMe+JYlQuMu56WPo1iQhrKUKH2jeRe1CDXIWyyFBBBJe1WDtQ/vxRu4+v/WrEoQlrITOsAbj9qS7fLb+MqalzwrwyYZHjyMjeSLkovzez5h6z7477ZFWJHKotnyEwuUteOMnEyFXJCOjYiY2BNRBCOX1g+tm8DOkNq7q3303voch62msRi4q+IuAIQXv0cKECu/RwjAM0w0cFBmGYUQMqS1O+xfXx/SqgTaDYZh+hd8UGYZhRHBQZBiGEcFBkWEYRgQHRYZhGBEcFBmGYURwUGQYhhExpL5oYRiGuReIv2oZUusU+dMtJhT4Mz8mVPgzP4ZhmG7goMgwDCOCgyLDMIwIDooMwzAiOCgyDMOI4KDIMAwjgoMiwzCMCA6KDMMwIgKDYocR+fHejdg9P7Fq5BuMrh3mBhUtMOanBNorT0ZWvgFGq/+uZneLe7Ou12Cwdr89Zd8SQt5WA7LkM5Fl+L5/TRuS3IZJ9yLk8gmIzS7v3Ra4odIn9dMOq7G8l5r+HoasmZBnGWDtRSr3Ju+BbGNeOv2iJXLtXpxYmyBc0A5r+WZkZqzEeXyKHaHuZtefRP4GhhO/QYJQIqe1FG9m/govngdKd6gQ1WuDh2G8ajvMA/KvuAcy7/sQZy2OlZzGlLipqCs5BOPvnxgSm793GLcjVfVXvGz4DAnjh99lKgP5H+WHxn+zD1EJwzH+iWfxfHwT9n1uxLV7a1OfIBk/G0ufT4R935eouDZwTx1m8OHa7nQGXlj5c8TY92PPoSs/mD2Nme7p8eNROi4CI++FJfcKaSQiRgrFdFphNGiRFSvqZqdmo9hoFRpFM0ylBaLzycjKPwhTixNBX+1bTCjNVyNWSCs2qwClps46Y+2wGj9CdurUIN37dtQb1iBWnoyVBrPLFqcZhpXJkKcWwNjS7pe3Ey2mg8jPShbSSkP2x1/D5wvOgLKmIbu4chAOf/Q3N3BEtwvVcY8hfu48pMc3Yd+Hh3BJ7BerAVnyZGTlb/fWV6waBceNOF7gru+pSM02CNpwdQtjs97CO+I6CfB3G65UijWQhmzDeXh2TndaYSzORmqQIasOoxaJKi0a8C3yVUrE5xvRAcBpNcIg0qCvngW7MtXIjHXZvFi3H5/5dGH9tSTWfBC6sLF7Hdf6dZ/92ltqNj6urA3Mr791TP7cqSLtI9H0iLaK7ngOtpGl7D8pJeU/qczSFnBLfyCTRXdyxkZV2gUke2QrVXkNJoflS1qfoqL1ZXXkICKiW3Sh8AWSKVdQ4bkm4ZpjtE2dRDLleiprukNNZetJKVsk3OMg27kiUiunUFrhOXLQHbLoV5FMtor0ljtEjlrSr0gimXI16evaiGxnqNCTlsPPRgfZqrZRiiyJ1NuOkcUhyjtlG1XZHH7pXaUqrYpkMhVpq24S+edtqyBtygxK0ejpgs3hTUs2g9R6MxHddN3vKau3LCnaCrL1cd0MNjrXChE1lZHGU6dtVKdfTUrZC1R44Zb3Goue1LJokqWsJ/2FJm/dyqZQyvovyeJw16c7HTPp1TNI5qlff+2I0vTUSROdK1whyttdZ8toW4WFHNRGlor3fOrsTtVWekS2gLRVQg3aKkibMoWU6iI6Z3OI0nTrxm2X62+H5QydtFx0HVPryUJEjjo9rVBGk3KFnuo8dkeTUlNGTQHO697GrnVsFuXt9uEi0ujPkc2TVrRX5/2g42Ba6TQoymRBfkQBpb/pNigGs1eWROrCM104TwiUslWkt9wSAo+7Av3xDUyOC4WUJhOJvkuuU5lmNsnSCumC6GJXGrNJU3bd9XednlYop1CK+mVKkYkrXpx3mxC8xQ3ZIRwTgqJPw/cra9CgfX/RuVYcgb4L5iuLntQ+dSvWifDk9Xl5EBq7+wEnvsft74A03fmEXme+QTFIWYiIHOeoMG2KENQEu3x0Jw5M7nL5pdEZIeqqcx2L8w7WJoRjbj/3g46DaaXT7nPk2r34znwFZvMVmM1mnC3djqUPlSFHtQXlzYOwDxb5Gxi+c9t7BeazpShYOg4HclZgU/kNz2VOqxF/MRhgMJRAl/0s5uUcFs4Mw/h//iVyF9QhXzXd1S0oMeAvnq6IL05bA8z4EcZGjOx+DKLDjJNf1CDyqZl4WHSxZJwCM6TXcbrm73ACkEQtRM6mVNQe+BJn41Zh46uPIiwgsVZcPHkc9shHMfPhEe6UEK5MwGy3bVdrcNpuR3XOPCg8s/GTXWW1N6CxdRDWX7/QAOPBQ7DHz8fsSYLvwqdjfvqDqC752rcL7VO3wzAqYjQQORHyMV38t70JckSFuStYuMfH353rpeOiEV/YFXhqZrTo/HCMU0yC1H4JNVf9Z5zbcbXmEuw4jJx5k73DQYp5yKm2w361Ea3uS8dGYFRQkXbAdvMGgNGIGNX9fxEM1caQdBy0TURAmRTvuWSgdBzi/1OUICxmMX7/70aUZBzHyYutmJMQ2FwHFWFTofr9b1FZ8hK+OGnGf8wJx43yzcjMKAaWvo6VSQ8gYv4GGGLyoMpx3zMNmbu+wTOmo/jy23pc/nwjVh1owruZO6B788m+t7G1EVftPgdgvWyGHQBqL8Hc3IGEsLudZVRgaZEBG+aM6bWZ9wvO+qPYU1ID2NdhnmKd39ld0B1ZNMj85URrYwPsXV0iXYai4292MnveH8uzgtk4tHV8F+sQxmB0CE+VwYMU8tFSSJyXsV9bjNql/40/b1BDpVJBNScKzSa/gV1IEBbzBFSq57F21xGU5ibirE6Pb/xmsCWjIiFHG641tnY/czlMjllPK9BQdgqXRRc7bY24hgcxQ/EAJHCixVgETX4dFubm4dcP7ccbuftQH5D4SEye9RikDVU4dfm2X1qCbeMUmCGtQcnBM/2zBm9IcBuXDnyCffYnkVt60dujMF+B+cxuLO0Lf11rhM1TXx2wNd4E4hMxbWz37WXY5AQ8La1B2ak6kZ6ENKSToBjnH1Tcb2iHcNDYcJcGD8Oo0WMA3ESjrfsVGqHZGKKOg7YJIS2BgdJxyEHRaS3Dlrf/BCx8FgvcXY/BjLMe5Vu2ohipWLbgYUgkD0Ax40HYq44KM77NMBkK8HZxjXCDMHMWq0ZBpdBlbrmEY0dNQYUtmTQXyxb+GNV5O7C3vt2VX04a5PIXoTPd9jMmEolLnkNc9Q7kbf8KVifgtH6F7Xk7UB33HJYkRgItVfhA8y5qF2qQk/EL/HLjKjy0byNy95r9gq4E4YlpWB53Anl5n+B8i9OblvuS8HgsWZ4Ee/FWbCmvhxOu/AqykiFfrIPph9h7dtbiWMkJSJe+ivQYP/2GT8f8dAXsJYdg7M3QUPUO5BV9ixa0w1qpQ16eCQuXzcWkUFpZeDyWLI9Ddd5mbK+0wulJ4wTilqchMVyCYVETkQg7bjTfhlcH11H89k6UC6sYrJU7kRU7FYt150NYZjQCkxY8i4XSw8jbuh/1Ttf63pzUqcF1EoKNoetY1CZ8fHbYL78B0HHAKGOnEy2LSFNYRhc8A8nCoKnfrO+9oucTLVMoRVNIZRe8E0PeWVr3+V30mXYZKd2THQ4LVRVpKMUnjd1UZWmjgBlgIiLbBfpSu4yU7utTNFRUZelk4qWNLFW7SZMyxTsJpNULabtn2YSZbCK/Y/aAvB2WCirSLPLWjfZ1SvHMPlOQsojzu78JphX/Sa0uz4snQIjIU/dirQedaFlNGre+lMtI++UF7yRfQJpBjvnXmXIZafVVZHELylFHZeuFOnfPHvvowP8es89Mswv/Yw6yXThAWp92sbtznXRpY3c6vuiXt1+bSHmdtJpFvm3sHus4mFaG1MZVvO8GEwr9r5XvYch6GquRi4pdKozvx5yZ3sF7tDAMw3QDB0WGYRgRQ2kamWEGKUPjHx0wocFvigzDMCI4KDIMw4jgoMgwDCOCgyLDMIwIDooMwzAiOCgyDMOIGFJftDAMw9wLxF+1DKl1ivyZHxMK/EkoEyr8mR/DMEw3cFBkGIYRwUGRYRhGBAdFhmEYERwUGYZhRHBQZBiGEcFBkWEYRgQHRYZhGBEcFBmGYUR0EhSdaDEdQUm+GrHyCZDLJ0AuT0ZWvkHYHnQwchsm3YuQyycgNru8h/vEfg9D1kzIswywBj3fAavhNcjlr8Fg7QCsBmTJZyLL0B+bjfvRbd7dlYXpnVbukj7RTDusxvJetsGB1EcP29kAESQoOtFi3I5n5v0O+/A89p41w2w242zpBkz7diNUmTthbBmEGwc7a3Gs5DSmxE0Ferx/r+vfyZtD3YltvAq7zKewSyW7S2N7wUDmfb/QK60MHB3G7UhVbcLh+t4ExR5qvU8ZyLxDJzAotlThA80uYO27+MPa+YgJkwCQICxmPtbkarCw9l28+akphI22+xfnpa9RUj0DL6z8OWLs+7Hn0JVBZyMzOGCtMF3hFxSdaD7xF7x/dgaeXzQDYf4XR83Fbz/ah//NnDrIBiNv4IhuF6rjHkP83HlIj2/Cvg8P4ZKP0p1oMR1EflayaDjgIEwtTgS+1jfDVFqArFhh6CA1Gx9X1nqTCugK+V0fq0Z+qQktnVjrtFaiODtNsGMCYrO0MBitrobpNMOwMhny2DUwCG8EznoDVsZORWp+JVr8824xodQzzDEVqdkfofJKm19+RhjEQyGp2Sh25/eDIwStWA3IkicjK387slOneuq04LgRxwvEvjb46Cc26y2849FXGrKLK2H1cXIbrlR+5E1TnoZsw3mvTpxWGIuzkSoX6chghNUJdBi1SFRp0YBvka9SIj7fiA50V7eCXZlqZMa6bF6s24/PfLTeVbsIQhc2Au2oN6xBrDwZKw1mXz2nFsDYUtuzdubOz6D1XhPUr30M+WCjKu0Ckj2ylaru0KBCJovu/GRTGWmUUyit8Bw5qI3q9KtJKXuBCi/c8lziqNPTCmU0KVfoqc7hINu5IlIro0mpKaMmMpNePYNkaj1ZyEG2qm2UIltEGv05sg4H4ToAABLbSURBVFEbWSreI7UymmSyVaS33CGy6Ektm0FqvZnIk18SrdDXkoOa6FzhClLKZpOm7HqgrbYK0qZMIaX6PaqwtBE5LFSxbRkpZSrSVt0MtLXJdb0sZRtV2Rx+ed+kKq2KZCnrSX+hSZRWtFAWcX5FdM7mIPLY583vfqO3WnH5ONrrV9sZKlQnkUw2hVLWf0kWh1sj7nQE/ciSSL3tmOv8uSJSe/IRpalcQYXnmshbD+68hbpULqNtFRZyeHQ3hVK0FWQjojtVW+kR2QLSVtlcdnZbt267XH87LGfopOWiSOvdtQt/ureRHLWkX5FEMuVq0tdddV3vb0+o7cyTn9tnXr968uslwbRyHwRFBzWVrfcVto/wiYhu0YXCF0jmL34P4sq6TmWa2SRLK6QLDvd54ViwoOg4R4VpU/yu74wgthJ50vAK0d1YF5BavUAkKvLNO6Cc7rJHe4QXWn73F73TCgk+DqYfd2MlojtVpH0kmh7RVtEdt37cDy7xPcr1VNbkCJImdV+Xfmn4BsVQ6lawy0ebYq131y78CMFGInegnUIp6pcpRSYOYD1sZyHm1xuCacWvFzwMo0aPuYfvpfeCBhgPHoI9fj5mTxrhOhQ+HfPTH0R1yddCt6gDtps3AIxGxKhu/oVkhxknv6hB5FMz8bDHOxFQJsUHv95px02zHRgbgVHdjim04uLJ47BHPoqZD4/wHpY8AMWMB2E/XYOrTgAYjqjFv8WmhTdx4EAN4tZq8GpCRKCpF434wq7AUzOjvcMZ4ZOQNDtS+KMdV2suwY7DyJk32dNdlyvmIafaDvvVRrR2Z/J9RShacfMjjI0YKfh1GEZFjAYiJ0I+pgv9TJAjKsxdE8I99gY0troTFqfpS9C6xHCMU0yC1H4JNVf9J1d6ULedarMH7aIHNkqiFiJnUypqD3yJs3GrsPHVRwOG4kJpZ86rNThtt6M6Zx4UnlUwkzEv57CfX/sWP08IBWyowqnLt5EQM8Lv8hYYCzbhsHwJfrE4AeMHwcCis/4o9pTUAPZ1mKdY53d2F3RHFmHDHP9yDDZuofGq38KQ1qu4XNMEwI7a83VodiYh7G79LV2GouNvYk74IKiwASQ0rQymlwInWhsbYO/qki7rtj+WjAWzsRXWy2bXsdpLMDd3ICFs+F2mr8DSIkO/1ovE/8/wxDQsjzuNPZ+fDpwoaD6Bz977I96vbMbIQdG+buPSgU+wz/4kcksvwmy+4v05sxtLpTUoOXgGzZ434JtotHWz/mmYHLOeVqCh7BQuex5EHbA13gx+vUSK0XIpcK0Rtm4fXCMxedZjnoeOB2crGq+1QTpDgXESAGiE8YONyK+dj9w/vIaH9m1E7l5zwMTIsMkJeFpag7JTdd5zQlou3E/xQzhobOjOuPucULXSC3w0IGgmPhHTxnb/Fha0Lt1pSCdBMc4/qPRF3fagXYRsoxMtxiJo8uuwMDcPv35oP97I3Yf6APF2384k4xSY0Rf10kMCQ1vYo3h1YxaQvwr/5pmFEmaofvM6ih9aifd+/TOE96ORneKsxbGSE5AufRXp/m+14dMxP10Be8khGJuHY9KCZ7FQehh5W/ej3gk4raXISZ0K+WIdTD4VFonEJc8hrnoH8oq+RQvaYa3UIS/vcHAbJA9jwbJUSKt3YOteM5xoh7X8LaTKp2Kx7rxfIHM/dE4gL0+HSms74LSicvtm5FXHYfmSeISLRbXpdWSkr8TGtdHY98ZW7PVfnxYejyXL41Cdl4+i882itOx++V1H8ds7UW5tB9AOa+VOZMUGs+8+JmSt9MIjAZoxYeGyuZgUyguEpy43Y3ul1aWjSh3y8k4gbnkaEsMlGBY1EYmw40bzbfRN3Y7oQbsIzUbXkr53UbtQg5yMX+CXG1d18lAPoZ2Fx2PJ8iTYi7diS3k9nACc1q9QkJUc3L4+Ikh1SRCW8Bo+Ld2Mx28UYF6cHHK5HHHzsvHtNA0MutcxZ7zw1LIakCWf4Fke0N+41ps9iPT504ME6TF4IjML8cKTVBK1GFv2FmJ5x0b8RDEBiuRfoeLRHBjefwExPl6QICxhJXSGNRi3Jx1x8olIXn8Z09JndWLFcESp/hN7C19Cxxs/g0I+EckZx/Hoht14PyPI0qWwJKzR7YZm3BdYkjwRckUiMk5NwybDe1iTEOErqsVySBCBhFc1WOt+4jrEiUUgYc17MGgewJ75cZArnsT6qzFIj5MG5Lfh0ePISJ4IuXwikjMqMW3Tx8Htu0/piVbumrifYtzRV1yayajEtO0fYYtKHqKP3XU5HvuWJAo6ctWTbk2Sa0xubDJeyhyN4ox417KWPqjb0NtFKDa6ezip2JSzEFESCcISMjp5qIfSzoT8NsxERUYyFPIJUCT/G05N03RiX98wpHbz482ImFDof618D0PW01iNXFQM8q81GF944yqGYZhu4KDIMAwjYkjt+8wwgxPXPzpQDbQZTJ/Ab4oMwzAiOCgyDMOI4KDIMAwjgoMiwzCMCA6KDMMwIobU4m2GYZh7gXgB95BaksNftDChwF8/MaHCX7QwDMN0AwdFhmEYERwUGYZhRHBQZBiGEcFBkWEYRgQHRYZhGBEcFBmGYURwUGQYhhHBQZFhGEZEYFDsMCI/foJ3c23PTxqydeXC7n6Dkdsw6V6EXD4Bsdnl/bAlYgeshtcgl78Gg7U323a1w2osh9Hqv9l5T/gehqyZrs2MepHKvcm7r/zUN3QYtYgP0PYExGZpYTBa+2h3w4Escwh5Ww3Iks9ElqE/9oUeenT6phi5di++8+yNa8bZ0tUYc/R1zHtmO4yDMTA6a3Gs5DSmxE0FertVZT/SYdyOVNUmHPbfvrRHuP7zs3lANk0ayLzvlmlYazjn3fe5pgLvRZVh9YubAreRvSuGYbxqO8zm7VCN7+8vaQcy7/uDELvPEoTFzMeaXA0W1r6LNz81Dbr9gl1bWM7ACyt/jhj7fuw5dGXQ2cgMUiRReGLpEsTby/B5xdWBtoYZYHo0piiJehzPpz+I6pKvcWlQRZwbOKLbheq4xxA/dx7S45uw78NDIhuFLkWsGvkfZiPV02XaiePGctfm2u4hAsN5tABwdwtjs97CO+LzxZWw+pS9FpUfe9OUp+bAYPJ23p3WShRnpwXtpnUYtUhUadGAb5GvUgr7Z7fDajQg35PnVKRmf+TtXlsNyJInIzPrXxErnwC5/EXoTCa/LqwTLaaDojSSkZV/sPOhD6cVxmJRGWLVyDcYXeV0mmFYmQx57BoYhLcoZ70BK2OnIjW/Ei0B3edmmEoLkBXr9kc2Pq6s9cvOCEO+WrDfdU1xn3Vde0M4xkX8H9evTiuMBq23HAF2+pXTx8dBurAtJpSKyhybVYBSU2eDPO2wGj9CdupUUdoGjwZc/p+A2JUG1Dtd19cb1iBW/nPkG2/45e2vhTRkf/w1rgTk14XmfmiQP3eqSPtIND2iraI7ASdv0YXCF0imXE9lTY6As/cSmSy685NNZaRRTqG0wnPkoDaq068mpewFKrxwS7jgDln0q0gmm0IpGj1dsN0h27kiUiujSSZbROvL6shBN6lKqyKZ5z4z6dUzSCZLIvW2Y2RxOIR73Pm404wmpbqIztkcRLYzVKhOIllaIV1wEJGtgrQpU0ipfo8qLG1EDgtVbFtGSpmKtFU3XZZVbaVHZAtIW2UjIgfZqrZRiiyJ1IVnyEbkTTNlG1XZHEQWPall0cLft8hy8gxZHIKtaj1ZiMhRp6cVymhSrtBTncfuaFJqyqgpwHlCuZXLaFuFhRzURpaK90itnEIp2gqy+afX5CqTxx4S5+22fxFp9OfI5kkrmmSyVaS33BH5RPAZNdG5whU+PrmXWvH1t4CjjsrWqyhl/ZdkcRB5db6CCs+5POawHKNt6iRB+3eoqWw9KT3a6UwbQpkdtaRfkUQy5WrS17V56zRoOxJpYNsxsjhEeXt87tZ4Eq3Qf0dNVdsoReauL7+8bRWkTZkh6N7hTUs2g9R6M4WkufuYYFrpYVD0c3g/0rnQHYJARUHQJ0gSee0WXeM4R4VpUzyBhMi/wQiN3UcY4odCW2CaPv5pC7RLlK87QPnmeZ3KNLO9QdV9y4VCSpPNJk3ZdSEoistG5BuYBBv98+2MAF/5l1PcCBeQWr2AZD4BTJx3MPuFYz3wSW/pPihGkyzIjzdQB8Pt11Wkt9wS6rmzQO7bTlz15+/jzghBA0TeQJvyMql9HlLdadDdXtxBMcT87lOCaaWHI7EdsDXeBKSTEDFysKzmaYDx4CHY47Mwe9II16Hw6Zif/iCKS77GpYypiPGYOhoRo4QiS0YiYuyPEDlNjjFdJT9BjqgwdwLDMCpiNGBvQGOru7MnStOHVlw8eRz2yBTMfHiE97DkAShmPAj76RpcdQIPi29x/h01p68D1eswT7HOL71IjG28Jfz+I4yNGNnJ2EcHbDdvAIjpxC6/qy8a8YVdgZdnRovSG45xikmQ2i+h5mo7ED4CUYt/i037n8HqfU2IW7sbryZEBEnMjJNf1CDy5Zl42JNYBJRJ8UAxALTjas0l2HEYOfMmI8f//rGNaAUQ3q3VvWUa1ho+w9qEMOHvZpgMW/Dr1W9AtUmG4xvmIByubv4X35jhgBONlYXIKT4JQAVgGMb/8y+Ru+AV5KimI1+agrUb0jBZ8RM8nTA+oF6ctgaY8SMkdlpnIoL6EJCMU2CG9DpO1/wdToyBRCLH4hwN9s97DfvsSVhryEBCmATwGYQIpkEJwpUJmA2DYFyomvvh0MOg2II6Uy0QMx/RYYMjKDrrj2JPSQ1gD1apu6A7sggb5gRpwAPGLTRe7XrBkHTpbk/DDMBadU+s8sWJ1sYG2MWHWq/ick0TADtqz9eh2ZmEu5aAdBmKjr+JOeGDQ0NAOGJUq/HvlYeQ8YURF//jZ4g6uhmZGcXA0texMukBRMzfAENMHlTuSB42DZm7vsEzpqP48tt6XP58I1YdaMK7mTuge/PJvjextRFXfSrEiVarGTV2AKjDeXMznAkRd73wuEvN/cDokQ9dAeg64tN/ikmDQs+3cenAJ9hnfxK5pRe9SyzMV2A+sxtLpTUoOXimd2sWrzXCJpqwsTXeBOITMW1sd8+TkZg86zFIG6pw6vJt72FnKxqvtUE6Q4Fx/j50v0X2aknRMIwaPQbATTTaul8jN2xyAp6W1qDsVJ3oHcPbI1CMGw6gEcYPNiK/dj5y//AaHtq3Ebl7zYETI8PkmPW0Ag1lp3DZ32cAvG+gh3DQ2HCX5bvHyCMxCpexX1uM2qX/jT9vUEOlUkE1JwrNplq/iyUIi3kCKtXzWLvrCEpzE3FWp8c313z9LhkVCTnacK2xtfvJpKA+BJy2RlzDg5iheMDVaFuq8IHmXdQuzMEffh2NfW9sDbKcKLgGXWm5jesLzd1fhBjaXDNY23I24vDsdXjnmZjB8SmMsxbHSk5AuvRVpMeM8D0XPh3z0xW9r+zqHcgr+hYtaIe1Uoe8PBMWLpsbwkNBgvDENCyPO4G8PB0qre2A04rK7ZuRVx2H5UviEQ5gWNREJMKOG823AUQicclziLP/CW9vKRNmf62oLFAjVv4idKbb3eQJACMwacGzWCg9jLyt+1HvBJzWUuSkToV8sQ4mf1eEx2PJ8jhU523G9kornJ5ynkDc8jQkhgMtxiJo8uuwcNPryEhfiY1rO2uEgv0BPjvs55PrKH57J8qt7QDaYa3ciazYqVisOz9AM9DtsJbvxNvF7a66HSYEiqqjwgxsM0yGArxdXOO5vt6wBrGxahRUCrPRLZdw7Kgp6ANTMmkuli38Marzdrh85qxHeU6asHLAv05FPtz+FaxOwGn9CtvzdqA67jksSYyE9yGVik05mUj/pQZrH9qPN3L3CbPRnpxFGvwE51uc3rT88+uV5u4zAkYZhYmWwIHoRaQpLKML4oFoYSY0+KRM3xJsQLS7wWDveUuQCSLXBIHY9uATLatJo05y+UC5jLRfXnDN0AWddAo85rBUUJFmkWgwfyvpqyzeAXdHHZWtF86r9WShNrJU7SZNypTg91j0pPYMkrvxnX0mcpDtwgHSuu2WTaEUzW6qsrQFd67DQlVFGkpx17VyGWn1Va6ZWPds8Qo91bmN9jnmn7ef/Smvk1azqEuf+OTXB9zVREuKhgrL3HUrmvH1+G8XfaZdRkq33vx95uPjINqwXaAvtctIKcqvSKwDH/w1kERqrV5I2ztbvEJfK9wvPnaRrnSpwUWk0b5OKT4a6kZz9zHBtDKkdvPr382Ivoch62msRi4qhtTXGgxvXMWECm9cxTAM0w0cFBmGYUTwF+Od4vpHB6qBNoNhmH6F3xQZhmFEcFBkGIYRwUGRYRhGBAdFhmEYERwUGYZhRAypxdsMwzD3AvEC7iETFBmGYfoD7j4zDMOI4KDIMAwjgoMiwzCMCA6KDMMwIv4/wnonHogiIKsAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species will require the least energy for the removal of one electron?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   Na<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>B.   Mg<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>C.   Al<sup>2+</sup></p>
<p>D.   C<sup>3+</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which gases are acidic?</p>
<p style="padding-left:30px;">I.   nitrogen dioxide<br>II.  carbon dioxide<br>III. sulfur dioxide</p>
<p>A.  I and II only</p>
<p>B.  I and III only</p>
<p>C.  II and III only</p>
<p>D.  I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">What are typical characteristics of metals?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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gxlXLVGj3zVd/TGbvmLWEb5Nv0z69XxaazfG7UM1RoZdztG//8MdaXnjzr/4XlrPbbYrURUThjazPoOfRprn45a4t5qfKiW5JTK1oyMG611u3FWzo2JumG8itPYwNW+hNgasNyojBn2wXtDDYyJGiSnObovZ1Q7nMQQpx94/kb96Jkh+oF/5NE+W2h3lVWoaq7L8QNhQsYMzbPWzUvKLbvf0smYGzvGgNn77tQt1qPRd5O+POdrtv7/VzqAdoQm3KE5S22DgSMGbaZe+qSptvBgxPBDv9TpWL+u5zc6cihBJ4L0GSpZNXD78kAr0fnTVE6IMOHLc7R04EAb/iC6CV/UjHm2vfbUSb131pEUHtf4KecMY6RuGK/SM4u0qjLHehRsbDjP1b6E2L9gmaBbcuYOnMmaBebO3WofdAtwI/yeOKDtESPe79f8zFgtIaMoVj9wV6Uaf/AdFQ6a0WVAf/dpvWmtx3ZJH/yiTYesR6Pmljt1X7h11NCyW9vaPxh80tP3a72yfb/tRGOoAbOjIV0Tb8vUbOuRWbjWPfvTq3C74Ym6LXuGtW7wbtOzr3QN3l4pEtl6bWhp1k//K7rF29hXXmu2BYd4omZRMQetHvPojXDl9JCeqbqXyul6NzFD2bMH9jlv3Qt6pWs4J7zTlHPfHGvd9FO9+POTMcqUo2oo+IZq3K+oubldXX2jeDCPm3JuDNUN41X67VqwYmCGG+/bXTr2ztGBq33Ff6Oq/C9YDxBCCEdYelapNtUvsh4Z2jeq6JEN2u7xWoVmj7oOPac1hSu1I1xaLlL9plJlObknxekHXvn832vlrKGjTHQLp7fuWf1T8wn1mQ98Xnm2bxjcup7IoTb94gPzZOWSfuc9l1wwTM/S8k3rlW89NGonbS6qVO32o/IGPsA42ek6qIY1tsujRvGWX79Oy7OcPeFJz3pQNdX2KSmf1KranfKET9CM/aL5CRVkVKjhlWY17/NYf0Mq3aisZatVHa7PjZPEqsds28vQd0LNNSXKqGjQK83N2hfeb0cgqvVaOqD16zYPHAvD3Vcm36WS8LSeh9X49AsDlfnVOInFCJ3SjqX/U9EzlsRfVqvZm2RrtFEmLKtZadvn9qhq1T/Yyl+zTGhWTUGeKhp2GQH6323HoCnxMeLzHtX2pzcYZecB1VU9pKVLC5S9dFv8k+qRlG1246mcG4264Voz5P4QNcNNy7/o6a2vWQ+GmhnnOufHiIzLTTdogv8YNwlI+vbk5hL7xi0JbwAQEH0Dl+jbQQ9xs5skbj8+eLF+ftBNWJJYBt1kJfoGFLYlfDODZG42NIxbVJtLjJt3pGZbJzbc2zlH7hfJbAtDwv0z1s1xhlqibrATvd/EvBGJzbCOhdAS68YbpugbVoSWa+PGFebfcm26gpv1BJbI/SHh8Xr5jL+pMurOsUMtg8qEYd62ftBNqJIp25K52YzdlZdzg8qGGDdCMkVv34THuF1K6oardLOeEW6PxPVHMvuDXbz3j887AY+E+fcOB+cliDRxrtbtb1NT9UDHlNiKVd3Upv3rom+EM8aZLTPPbVb5QHNTFJfyq/foSFP1QIvUoJusRM+TbvPh+WFMiTdFuet2qbOp1tZSFIv5nZrUuf8x5Toy7+9g6dOX6Ln2JlXnx91wFvO7Pq8XV+eNwn5xg6aXblJ7wu1lMvfPhvgz5CTDOBbW7tqu2rh/s/k7Dqix3KjGEoqeBznE+cvuGMPS71Dpc3uSKH8N+bVqerEqqky4Qa7CWu1q3TjCYyRVZZvdOCnnUlI3XGuGuz/EeT9X++Ki7MdgE2ep9Nn96u44oKbG6siC01Wu+j0H1NG9X8+WzhpfATzAvONnhX7o6dDeiL/NLGBfUlNru/Y/u0x5OdkR/aAjb7JiBKrCjfJ07IgMpea2WXW3JlkPkzNZWUawbO02vk/TS1EhN0fl9T/W3g6PWp8tVdZVCuBBxnbLKtWzrR517P2x6stDA3BCgtN4jf53tW2vPfWDK8z8ajUawThV+2e6a6E27W9Xa8TvMv9f/k2tnXuM3zHbiBhJmjxHy9faunuZqJwQzVb+7qkvjwo0Vjm1t0PdrZtUmhWr+50ZxP8h7jHiKq/XnrjHSCrLNrvxUM6lom641gx3fzDeP3eJ1kb8/9IVZShpZnO4tY5hMPv7semA6937aq4o0NId1gwprlq1nnhm0O2ugz5Rl7tc2VV7rMdG5dTYpp9XzjKqrvGN8hBAgO+E3A8Uqso28Lyxc4cqHe7jf7UMtyzk3AQAovV71JBZYs0gsU9tXXHaunx/0PkPbRPJDXWr8J631PhkKIAbXCtVsyyLQhjANcKnnvYdejIcwI1irnq1ll0nAXwkKP8BIFpgzuVT1gwSS1SUfbMyKrbrhH06t74uHdqy2VbhDHHZ1Zy55Z+eVZ1tagXmBgdw7TBnutmrf3p6m20GGeYGT4TuKCPE5VfgWuZTT9uTmlW0OfkpyVxr1PT/bVHpdGue+kGXZe0Wqb7jR1p3JQNHxxDKQ+D65Oty64HsqoH5wO3yt6jjKk4ocDXQHQUArpg5IOlxtTVWKmpcW2zmLa73/r9aEgrgpvTPacqtN1kP7HJU3vjdK5u5BQDGgPRJU3SrtR4hcPO86Nl7EI2tAwAxTdasypfV1fm6mgbN6BAUnGnidXV2/VDfGXSL68/rjtm3W+um4CwLezta9MPKnHE4sxAARJl2h2ZHzNJqzpS1Xx2eH6gywc3zQHeUEePyKwAEUR4CAN1RAAAAgDGPEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOIwQDgAAADiMEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOIwQDgAAADiMEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOIwQDgAAADiMEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOCzNb7DWkaS0tDRrDQAAABiQbLQmhI+QGcTZdABAeQgApuGWhXRHAQAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcNrwQ3ndUDQUZSktLM5bZqmp+Tz7rJQCJ9MvbvDp4/GQ2yNNvPQ0A15331VyRGSgPMxs8RukIXH+GEcJ96jm6V1vavdbj43K/2KqTpHAAAABgWIYRws+p42CLvHKpuHqtHjGfanlVh09+EngVAAAAQHKSD+E97+jgTo+xkq2FSx9WUbHLWN+jJxvfUk/gDQAAAACSkWQIv6QPXmvWTrMniutrmjMrR/Mfnh94xbvzNXX00CcFAAAASFZyIdx3WgdfbFYgg5ctUN7km5Q5/34Vm6959+vHr73PAE0AAAAgSUmFcN/Jt7S7xYzguSoruUuTjbX0zHv1cKBLCgM0gZTq61Jb8y41VMy2ZiIylwwV1Lys5rYu9VlvC/pYbTV5wfeUuNUV7zj0nZC7ZJ5q2j62nhjM1+VWSeB3LZe7i7EeAK62HnW17dMrDRXKCJeFxlJQI3dzu7r67AWeTz1tT1jvG6oM+0Rd7uXKqGmL35U2UF6aM8FlqMR9gkZGjJokQvgnOnn4VbWYq65ileRNDTyr9Cwtq1kpM4YzQBNIBZ/6TmxXRVa2ipau0Podx63nTV611z2qpUXZyqrYrhPhymeq5i5foXxzdYjjMHgi/ZZ2HnwnTsUzcJy7qldrWdaNwacB4GroOy53xTxlFy3RQ+t3BK7Eh7XXqWppgbKzvi33iVCJlq7Jc5dobb6ZSg5r9+EzscOz74wO7z48ZFfacMOja6VqlmUl228XGLbE+1bfO/rpzsOB1WBXlNCPGDt83gKVBVL4Ye386TtRLXQAkmcG8J1aU7hSO8zaJr9aja2d6vX75TeX3k61NlYHwrZ3x0oVrtlpBfF0TbznAZUFrkrFq3gGAnbciseqmOxXuwDgqjAD+JpvqirQEFGs6sZWdfZeDpaF/gvqbG1UtRm2vW5VFX5nIIhPvEsPlpnj1bxq2f1WzCv04YDtbdHBjnPWs3a2BomIzAOkXoK9yz43+CKtXT4nsnKefJdKynKNFa/at+zVUQZoAiPj69JPHqu1AvhGte56WpWFWZoYfNWoXLJUWPm0drVutIJ4rR77SVcwcKd/yRooHafisQK2Kz9f98apeMIVU/4KLZ9rXe0CAMd9oq6fPBUO4LWtbm2uLFTWxFBcmayswkpt3rVdtaEg/tgrVle8GwfGq8W8MmgFbNe9yr+3O/aVwXCDRIzMA6RYghAemhvcUFyqB++ZEnh2wFTllRQHu6TEPasEkIh93EX1hjUqdN0QfCHCDXIVrtGG6uCJ70DgNiqekr9UpXkgxqh4gp+dobI1lZrv8sSoeD5We+M/q8W8B0DZA7onXNkBgMPCIdjsGlejxwunxwwq6a4iPb5hcJfY9MwirarMMdZiXBkMNUiUrdaa+Rkxrgz61NO+Q0+aZXHMzAOk1tC1bXhucKNyfvheZQ56t71Likd1z/40/sAwAHHEGXcRk+3E117xTP+6VgSuSkVXPKGWH+Nzi0sCV64GVTzh43y+Hp7/pURn5gAwauwNEkN3jYvsEhsu99Jv14IVi40ycvCVwXCDREmJis1ydFDjoe2mhDEzD5BaQ+xitrnBzZ256iv6jH10cmi5uUh1gfcYhhgYBiCefvWeOxtcvWmqbr5pqJI/XTfdPFU3BdbP6lxvf2BtIJxHVTzhlh+zb+Nk3ZY9I+qqlU89Ha8FjnNX5V+qJJMBmQCuHl/vOZ0KrE3StJsTlEc33axpgcLQq1Pn/mA1PtjCeUQmsTVI5H1BE2/L1GxFXRkMNUi4SrWqZAYNEhh18fcx29zgyRtiRDKAxObNUMYEaz2OCRkzNM9aH2BUPKGZAWwVz0DLj9miFOovaa94Qi0/uSpb8XVNp9YBMCZka0ZGghA+4YuaMW+m9cBm8hwtX7vIWLFlkogGifTwNMsDVwZtDRJlpVowPVaXQCC14la5A5eEhsOrlid3qJ0BmsDIvHla3aHG7Tj6u0/rTWs9QnhmgGN647jZsm5v+Ql2cRlU8YRbfhJ1gwEAJ3XqdHeCK+v9v9PpN4Pt5pGm6J4HS1VsZpI3fq2PjGciGyQMoQHt4SuDtgYJZoiCQ+KEcFsfVT2kxs4/WlMDxVv+qM7GhwLvZoAmMFwTNGnqtODqxXO6cHGok1ifLl44p4uB9WmaOsnebB5q6T6lQ0d+o57QAKeFefpKaJqtiIrnY6vlx6XiZ8qVz1RcAK6y9ElTFWzb7tXZCwlC+MULOhsoDF2aOfVzEYEmfEPBQx16t+eilWny9NWvhAZbRl0ZDDVIFP+NqvK/YL0HGF2xa92I0cnJ3LjDNjuDuUP/+D/0AY3hQJJClYEh4Umsfcai+zU/qg93aGYAs6X7SMd/ardxJl183526xXo9suI5qJbAZzEgE8DYMHA37qj+2oMMdB+JOag8fYZKVpUGB18eORrMNMVzlXPLQMPFwJVBoyxsORhskGBAJhwUY1ezTdEzjMsyA7MzGDnC/W86yABNIGn2iqfu6a1q814KvhDhkrxtW/V03RAzFoVmBvC+o9eaDqklRuUUrngOu7U10PIzOMwDwFURvu+BkSXqntV32z4I9umO4vO26rtPb4vbIGFO6Tp9QanKXN16+7X9ajUbJKLLzPCVwVZt3dpEgwQcF2Nfs7W0DaufqG3qtEEDNPvkaSiwZlRZrWZvgk6vwPUmPUvLn9uscvMAat+ookc2yN3WNXAX2r4utbk36JGijWo3HrrKN+u55bFupxyaGeCA6ur2xK6cQhXPW+1q9+aquuZBZVHrABgTblTW8r9XY7k513eLNhdVqtbdpq7AHYJNPepqc6v2kQptNm8k6KpU43PLYpdhgRsKZqilbot2xQzYA1cG29tPJXnlH0idwbutbW7w/LVLNDfpfqJG5Z9frmcCrXletez8uf4rfNAAGFq6Js4q09a2bVYQr1NVUbYmhaYCnZStoqo6K4BvU9vWMs2Kd1Od8MwA8S6t2rq/MCATwFgzMUeVW/81HMTrqoqUPekzVkPezcouqlJdKIC3fU+Vs+Jdr5+quctXBO4yHO+K38BVSAZkwnlR1XNkH6uyB+8auG12MmyXkdT+Y/3kKAM0geSZQbxC27s61dr0kqrN6QbDclRe/2Pt7ejWb7dXxA/gAaGZAeJfWg1WPDOHeaINAA4xg/j2N9XZ2qTG6kCTQZirvF579nao+7eNQwRwk1Gm3vOAyoyyLm5f71BuyV+h5XNpkICz0vzm9CYYNvOMnE0HAJSHAGAabllIExgAAADgMEI4AAAA4DBCOAAAAOAwQjgAAADgMEI4AAAA4DBCOAAAAOAwQjgAAADgMEI4AAAA4DBCOAAAAOAwQjgAAADgMEI4AAAA4DBCOAAAAOAwQjgAAADgMEI4AAAA4DBCOAAAAOAwQjgAAADgMEI4AAAA4DBCOAAAAOCwNL/BWkeS0tLSrDUAAABgQLLRmhA+QmYQZ9MBAOUhAJiGWxbSHQUAAABwGCEcAAAAcBghHAAAAHAYIRwAAABwGCEcAAAAcBghHAAAAHAYIRwAAABwGCEcAAAAcBghHAAAAHAYIRwAAABwGCEcAAAAcBghHAAAAHAYIRwAAABwGCEcAAAAcBghHAAAAHAYIRwAAABwGCEcAAAAcBghHAAAAHBYnBDeL2/zaqWlpSVeMirU8Mo+tXX1WD8LQHpfzRWZwWOkolle69nk9cnTUHAFPx+P/dherWZvv/U8AIyGKy9z+j0NyhyNMsvbrIrA52aqovl960nAOVfeEu7dofUPLVFR9jxVuI8b0QEAAADAUFLYHeW4dlR9U481vyef9QwAAACAwZII4avU1P2p/H5/zOVyd4ea6svlCrz3uNwvtuokKRy4QhOVu+714HG2vdQ6vgDg+jMhd51OBjLHCyp1TbCeBca/K24JT3flqnTdc9pfvyj4RMtRHf+IfqYAAABAPCnqjjJZX55zF611AAAAQBJSFMJ79Jtj7wRncCieq5xbuFwEROpRV1uz3DUl1iwB5lKiGvfP5PFest5jl8TsKD6vPPteVk1BxsBnFtTIvc8jr8/285kN8sS9OOVTX1e7mt01Kgh9RlqGCmpe1j6Pl/EdAFJs+GVO4tlRLsnr+Vnc8nXg5wvU4Bli+oi+LrU1xytTrfcAKXTFIdzn9ai54TEtXn/AeLRI9ZtKlZWiaA9cE/q79PMnHlJ20VJV1bVYT5paVFe1WHkZpUbFcN56Ljk+7yE9UZSrvCWPqq7dFtHb61S1JE+533pZx87GCvd2vTr9841anF2gpVV1areelRH52+se1ZK8XBU1HGXGIwApMgplju8DtT2xWBl5i2OXr7l/rX85lniS1/7TP9UTi/NVtDR2mZpR9D15+kjiSDF/TJ/6u5tW+c2Xk17yq/3bOrr9l61PuNaZfzMQ33/7m8pn2o6RHH95fZO/o/tP1usX/J0tW/zlrtDxs8Xf0Ws/enr9HfX5wdfKm/zd1rMBvb/yN5bnBF9zlfvrmzr83daPXu4+4t9WXWz9TmuZWe/v+DT4eqxj21Ve728KH7uX/b2dr/rrQ5+vRf76jt8HXgHiMfcVILYrL3M+7aj3zwy8tsrf1B0uzAwX/O82VvpdgdeiytjL3f6ObdX+fOt3Bpd847N7g6+bupv85fbXo8pT44v5W+rLrc93+fPrjxglMxCfuR8NR+rarDs/1NlzvbpoPQQQkqPyxn/V1nWlynXdYD03WVkL12jT82uCYynaf6FfdidquTZd0gctL+jJHceN9UWq3/+c1pXmymUdyemuuarY7FZrbXHwiQRc5dvUtnWtSnNd1mWxdE3MKtHaTf+oysAXO6ZDv/yQbikAUiKVZY7vg9dU/6RbXqMUza9vjCxj013KrXhau1o3ygjiibkq1dj2/Yjy1PhiWrj2KT1fmWM88Kr90HF1UxgihVIXws2b9hTnazGXr4FIrsWqWHanJloPB9yg6V8r1MLA+jG9cfxsYG1IvtM6+GKwj7ireq0ezZ0SfN4ufboKH69RdaBCG0quyioWadbEwcVA+vQ/16KFM401r1re+LU+Cj4NAFcglWXOJzp58N/kDhSGK7Xh0byYZayrcI02VOdaj+Nzla3QslmTrUc2Rnn6tUXzguvM/oYUSyKEDz1PuL+3U6176lUeqPCNM8X1T+mFYfZvBa5pszN1W4xKZ0Q++rXeaDFrHaMyK7lLMaqMoMlf1lcDFdpQZij7tsHVFgCMjlSWOWd1/I1jgTVX2QLlTY5Xxk7RV76aZ63H49Ls7IwYIR4YXVeeDCZmqXDZWm3dv8W65HNAW35yTD2BdQC6dYompSiD93ef1puBtUSV2ed1x+zbrfV4pmrKJGYyAuCUFJY5/b/T6TdPGSuJAvQETbsjU0M3SdxkFNOfS2HXACA5Kdrn0jXx7q9rkbWXe98+ow/pNwWMIgI0ABCgMZ6lbr+d8EXNmGel8FPn1EsIB0ZRp053f2KtA8D16pTePP070VMb41HqQnjPb3TkkHlpyDBzasouvwMYMCFjhoJDhHp19sJQIfz3eu9X71vrAHCNsTX8XTx7YYiZ2fp19r2TRlQHxp4UReVL+uC1Zu205rd3/dmXdCshHEi9W+7UfcXmKGiPdh58J/7YC/tJMQBcc6Yp5745gTXvztfU0RPv8vt5vXukw1oHxpYrjsrmHTP3uTfor5ZuDUybZs5dvHb5nPizNgAYufQZKllVGphb3Fu3RS/FnInovDwvbVGddVIMANeeG5VZ8pfBucW92/T0Sx0xpkf2qc+zU0/XeazHwNiSRAh/UUszPqu0tLSYy2cy8rTEdvtZV2WlvnlP9NzFffI0FFg/s1rNXnpvASNzg6YvWW/dPOKA1i9+TA2HusKVj897VNtrHlbe+gPWMwBwbUqf/g09FbjhmTk9cpXWNBxUV+jW8j6vPNtrtThvre32+MDYksJOIy7lVzep/bklmk5XFGD0pN+hJc9sUW2+S8GbZGVrUvik+KtaWdciV/kWvVR9b/D982Yog4lUAFxzzEaJWv0ocIfg49qx/n5lT/pMsMHvMxnKW1mndlelfvDSWmuKwmzNyLgxsAaMBSmIy8WqbtyjvR0etT5bqqxU3ZQEQFzproXa1OpRx96XVG2G8ZD8ajW2dqpr+7c1Z1roFvkAcI0y7xC8ab+6O/arsdoM4yFmNmlVZ9fL+t9zbGUkMIak+c3bXmLYzDNtNh3Gro/VVnO/isy+kOVN6t4e7EcOjAbKQ4xdPvW0PalZRZvlDdwB/HmVurg0iNEx3LKQZmtgPOn3qCEz2PUks8ETf25c38c683a3seJS8X136pbgswBwjbCNNctskCduYXhJH545GZw4oniucm4hgGPsIIQD44ltbtxTB/5DvwwNQopwSd723drZYlY7c7Tw7ls50AFcY25Uxozs4Oqpdr3+y1gzRZnjM/9T23YeNtZcyl+YowwKQ4wh7I7AuDJdCyqWB7uWtK/V4jXP6VCXbbbwvi61uTfokaKNgRkBYs9WBADj3QS5FixXdaAwHDxTlNSjrja3ah+p0OZ2r1EYlurvvvlnmmi9CowF9AkfIfpA4urp0Qn3d1RY5bbm5o/FnK3oeb24YQmDpTHqKA9xdfjUd2Kn1hSu1I6h7ouQX6umFx9XaRZ3MMHoGm5ZSAgfISodXF1G5dP1H2o5/HN93zZPv5Sj8vpalRYUaHGui0tdcATlIa4q8wpgyxs6+P1/UJ3Z6m1xldfr/5QWaN7iXLkoDOEAQrhDqHQAIIjyEACGXxZybggAAAA4jBAOAAAAOIwQDgAAADiMEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOIwQDgAAADiMEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOIwQDgAAADiMEA4AAAA4jBAOAAAAOCzNP5yb3CMgLS3NWgMAAAAGJButCeEjZAZxNh0AUB4CgGm4ZSHdUQAAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcNI4T71NfVrubml1VTkKG0tLTwklHRoFea29XV57PeC1zv3ldzRWbwGKloltd6Nnl98jQUXMHPx9Mvb/Nq69hdrWZvv/U8ADhpoIzMbPAYJRNw/UkqhPu8R7W95gFNyi7Q0qWPqq49MhJ4d6zXQ0sLlD3pAdU0nzDiAwAAAIB4EoRwn/pObNe3cr+qlXUt1nNDaVHd0oe0xn2cIA4AAADEMWQI932wV48VrtSOUMO3q1z1ew6oo/tP8vv91nJZvZ2va099uVyBNx3XjqrH9YLnfOARgJGYqNx1rwePse2l1rEFAACuFfFDuO897f37f5A7EMBdyq9uUmfXD7Vu2f9SruuGwFuC0jUxK1/L1r0sT+tG5QeeO6D1TzSriy7iAAAAwCBxQrhPff/VrO+7jwcf5q9Xw4Ylypo4VMP5DXIV1ujFxoeCD1v+WY3tHwfXAQAAAITFSdXndPQnP1Z7YD1X1RvKlDtkAA+5UVnLVqu2sl57mp7QvTd/asR5AFKPutqa5a4psWYmMZcS1bh/Jo/3kvUeuyRmR/F55dkXNVtRQY3c+zzy+mw/n9kgT9ypB6xZj9w1Kgh9RlqGCmpe1j6Pl+MXwFVklpv79EpDhTLC5ZOxmOXcoBnZfOppe8J633K5uz6xno/2ibrcy5VR02Z8ehy+E3KXmOVqhkrcJygHMWpiJ2vfxzrzdndw3VWskrypwfVkTC7UpsZ1WlZaqr/IdQ3R3wW4TvR36edPPKTsoqWqihjg3KK6qsXKyyhVwzDHUPi8h/REUa7ylkTNVtRep6olecr91ss6djZWuLfr1emfb9Ric9ajqjrrpNvkNT7mUS3Jy1VRw1EGWQNwXt9xuSvmGeXmEj20fkdkQ4RZzpkzsmV9W+4ToSidrslzl2htvjmC5rB2Hz4TOzz7zujw7sPy7nxNHT2x47Xv5Fva3WL8RtdK1SzLIsdg1MTetz76td4wd0CDq2yB8iazCwIjtqtWVZu7VV7fZBvUfEGdLVtUHhhxeUDr1/1QnmTn2Tcqp22Pr9VmM3ybg6WbOtR9OThQ+nL3EW2rLpZ3x1o9WveW9QPx7NL6qs3qLK9XU0e3LocHWr+q+vIc43UjjK9/ikHWAJxlBvA131TVDrNLbLGqG1vV2Xt5oOxsbVS1Gba9blUVfmcgiE+8Sw+WzTdWvGrZ/ZZOxihSwwHb26KDHeesZ+0+0cnDr8psLiH/YLQl3LtumnazbrLWAYxEjsob/1Vb15XaBjVPVtbCNdr0/JrgzCftv9AvuxO1XJsu6YOWF/RkoHJapPr9z2ldaa5c1pGc7pqris1utdYWB59IwFW+TW1b16o0fNXKHGhdorWb/lGVgS92TId++SGXYwE45BN1/eSpcACvbXVrc2WhbUyaUXYWVmrzru2qDQXxx16xJoK4UZnz7zd+ytDyqg6fjO6SYgVs173Kv7dbOw++M7hLitVSbpava5fPMX4bMHo4xQNGm2uxKpbdqYnWwwE3aPrXCrUwsH5Mbxw/G1gbku+0Dr4Y7CPuql6rR3OnBJ+3S5+uwsdrVB0I0UPJVVnFIs2KMd4jffqfa9HCmcaaVy1v/FofBZ8GgNEVDsFmGVejxwunxwwq6a4iPb5hZbARwxa40zOLtKrSvJIXo0uK9dmustVaMz8jRpcUn3rad+hJs6W8uFQP3hOjfAVSiBAOjLbZmbotqYHNSQh3FTMCdMld8VtpJn9ZXw2E6KHMUPZtg08NAOBqCXcXSVTGGfFlct4ClQVSuC1wp9+uBSsWG+F8cJeU4GdnGJ9bouKSYrkGdUk5p46DLcZPulT88L3KJCFhlMXexT43RbdarWgXz17QxeAqgJG4dYompagw7+8+rTcDa4kC9Od1x+zbrfV4pmrKpAnWOgBcfb7eczoVWJukaTffGFiL66abNS3QX9arU+f+YLV628J5RJeUUFcUc7KJL2jibZmaLU9kl5Sed3Rwp0dylWpVyQxaKTHqYu9jEzOUPTuYwocaQRybNeVZ8z61dcWdAAjAFSFAA7iWZWtGRoIQPuGLmjEvxhW/yXO0fO0iY8XWQh7uihIcbJmeea8eLnbZMo5PPR2vaafXyOBlpVow3X5TQmB0xA7h6V/S/IfNEcaGuCOI4/C9r5Zn/05Lly5R0d+FBksASK1One6ONw8uAIx3SZRx/b/T6TeD7eaRpuieB0tVbBvTMtAVxeriEso54YwT6oqSqBsMkDpxrrbYRhjLo7qndyY5fZr9Tpv0qQJSbULGDM0LrPXq7IWhKqjf671fvW+tA8D4kD5pqoJt24nKOMPFCzob6C/r0sypn4sINKGWbh3q0Ls9F61pB/P01a+EBluGco7VJSXUFaX4b1SV/wXrPcDoihuRB0YYG9rXavGanToxZBA3AviJnVqzeG3wph/0qQJS75Y7dZ9ZsUT3ZYzW8xsdORSrhQgAxq5weE5Uxtm6j0jz9fD8L0XmjfQZKllVGhx8eeRocMaV4rnKuWWgG99Al5SDamk5aHwWjYdwVvxdLf0OLXkqNFew5N2xUl/J+pYaXonu631JXs+/65WGbynrKyu1I3BA5Kjy+fVaQp8qILVCFYux6q3bopdi3kjnvDwvbVFd4FgEgHHE1h3WW/esvtv2QbBPdxSft1XffXqbAsVc8f2anxndf/wGTV9QqjJXt95+bb9aW4y3RQfscJeUVm3d2mR8VowwD4yiIfe19Onf0DM/2qh867GRxLX+oSUqyr5ZaWlp1vI/lJG3yHZbWZfya7fomSV3DP7wfo8aMq2fqwjOdQxgOIyKZcl6PR+4SnVA6xc/poZDXeFby/u8R7W95mHlrT9gPQMA48mNylr+92oM3LW3RZuLKlXrblNX+Ep8j7ra3Kp9pMK6a3ClGp9bpqxYaWbyXSopy1BL3RbtihmwB7qktLefkqt6tZZlJRgMCqRQghO+G+Qq3KD9nU3BW8QmVKzqpjbt37QwfAc/AClmXqV6Zot1tzjjxLg4W5Osk+LPZHxVK+ta5Crfopeq7w2+f94MZTCRCoDxYmKOKrf+aziI11UVKXvSZ6yGv5uVXVSlulAAb/ueKmfFG0Y5VXOXrwg2JMZsLTeK03D3FwZkwnlJRGXzNtalevb1E+ps3aumxuqBlvGQ/Go1Nh1QR/d+PVs6K8adAQGkUrproTa1etSx96XIE2TzWGztVNf2b2vONLqDARinzCC+/U0jdzSpsTo4TUSIq7xee/Z2qPu3jUMEcJORX+55QGXFM+P39Q51SclfoeVzp1pPAs5I8xusdQyDeUbOpsPY9bHaau5XUZ1HKm9S9/ZgP3JgNFAeAsDwy0I6jQDjiW1cRWaDR/3W04P4PtaZt7uNFZeK77tTtwSfBQAAYwQhHBhPbHeIO3XgP/TLmNOGXpK3fbd2tphDn+do4d23cqADADDGUDcD48p0LahYHuxaEpi//zkdsk8Z2telNvcGPVK0MTBfv6uyUt+8J3RzCgAAMFbQJ3yE6AOJq6dHJ9zfUWGVe4hpPl3Kr35eL25YoqyJnGtjdFEeAsDwy0JC+AhR6eDq8qmv6z/Ucvjn+n5VXfAutQE5Kq+vVWlBgRbnurjUBUdQHgIAIdwxVDoAEER5CADDLwtpKAMAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAABxGCAcAAAAcRggHAAAAHEYIBwAAAByW5jdY60hSWlqatQYAAAAMSDZaE8JHyAzibDoAoDwEANNwy0K6owAAAAAOI4QDAAAADiOEAwAAAA4jhAMAAAAOI4QDAAAADiOEAwAAAA4jhAMAAAAOI4QDAAAADiOEAwAAAA4jhAMAAAAOI4QDAAAADiOEAwAAAA4jhAMAAAAOI4QDAAAADiOEAwAAAA4jhAMAAAAOI4QDAAAADosbwvs9DcpMS1NawqVENe5X1NzWpT7rZwHE0i9v8+rgcZPZIE+/9TQAXLNs5V7aajV7h1/wDeSRkf18XN5mVQQ+N1MVze9bTwLOSUFLeIvqqh7S0qJsZVV8T4e6eqznAQAAAMSS0u4o3h1rVZz/HblPEMQBAACAeJII4avU1P2p/H5/zOVyd4f2NlYr33q3vG5V/XWjPH0+6wkAAICRmZC7TicDmeMFlbomWM8C498Vt4Snu3L1F5XPqrW7RbX5ruCT7fV64iddIoYDAAAAg6WsO0q6q0hPNKy3WsS9atn9lk6SwgEAAIBBUtgnPF0Tc8u0oTo3+LDlVR0++UlwHUDy+rrU1rxLDRWzrRkFzCVDBTUvx5iF6GO11eQF31PiVle8E1/fCblL5qmm7WPricF8XW6VBH7Xcrm7OHYBjAafUcS1q9ldo4Ko8m2fxxvzCnri2VEuyev5mdw1JdbnmYs5c9vP5PFesv18gRo8Q8zjFih7X1ZNQcbA5xTUyL3PIy+NihgFKR2YKU1VXkmxgp1SjumN42cDawCSYVROJ7arIitbRUtXaP2O49bzJq/a6x61ZiHarhPhMRdTNXf5iuAVqCFOfH0n39Lulre08+A7ij1s+hOdPPyqWow1V/VqLcu6Mfg0AKRMr07/fKMWZxdoaVWd2q1nQ+XbkrxcFTUcHd50x74P1PbEYmXkLVZVnVmChZgzty1WXu5f61+Oea3n4us//VM9sTjfKHsfVV277f3tdapakqeMou8x1g0pl+IQnq6Jt2VqdmD9lN48/TsxFTKQDDOA79SawpXaYZb/+dVqbO1Ub2gQdG+nWq0B0N4dK1W4ZqcVxI1j7p4HVFZsnvoe1u7DZ2K0JA0EbO/O19TRE6Mi8Z3R4d2HjZVclZXcpcnBZwEghXZpfdVmdZbXq6mjW5cD5dtl9Xa+qvryHON1I4yvf0oveM4H355Qj05s+3v91WazdMtReX2TOrr/FCwzL3erY5tRZnrd+utHtxiJZCintGv932pz50LVN3Wo+/JAudtSXx5sWGyv17oXOrgfClIqxSHc+MBJU3SrtQ4gSb4u/eSxWiuAb1TrrqdVWZilicFXpYlZKqx8WrtaN1pBvFaPhQY/p39J8x+ebz4beyyGFbBd+fm619uigx3nrBcGBFvKjV+ev0LL5061ngWA1HKVb1Pb1rUqzXVZASTdKN5KtHbTP6oykHaP6dAvP4zZLSWa74PXVP+k2yj5XMqvb9TWdaXKdd0QfDHdpdyKgTIzIVelGtu+r3WluXKFkpFR7i5c+5Ser7ROEA4dV3cyXwxIUspDOIDhC4dg5ap6wxoVhiqSCDfIVbjGGndhD9w3KrPkL4MVWIwuKcHPzlDZmkrNd3lidEn5WO2N/6wWoyIrLntA90ykWAAwGnJVVrFIs2KUMenT/1yLFs401oyy7Y1f66Pg00P4RCcP/pvcZrHpWqkNj+YNNFqE2cvMobnKVmjZrBjXANOn62uL5gXXW47q+Edc30fqUNsCV91AdxG5ilWSN1RLtG3chS1wp0//ulaUmRVNdJcU67PNzy0uUYnxnkFdUnre0cGdHmNlvh6e/yUKBQCjZIaybxsclUfmrI6/cSyw5ipboLzJ8UquKfrKV/Os9Xhcmp2dESPEA6Mr5fWtr/e8PrTWASSjX73nrEHMN03VzTcNdVim66abp+qmwPpZnesNtcqEwnlUl5RQV5RAJTVZt2XPkCK6pPjU0/GadnqNaqjyL1WSyYBMAKNlqqZMStHNdvp/p9Nvmj29EwXoCZp2R6bMNvb4btKtUz5HAwQcl+J9rl8fHT8abNFTrpbOucPY/QEkbd4MZSQ4aCZkzJB1cdQmXZPnLtFa84ZZthbycFeUwGDLG5U5/34Vy94l5Zw6DrYY0T1XZSu+runUQgDGFQI0xq/U7re+D/SLA29aD1J52Qm4Trx5Wt0Juhz2d59W6CiLMPEuPVhmDtAMTQ9q64pidXFJz7xXDxe7BrqkhLqiJOwGAwBjETOxYfxKYQj3qe+/mvV9tzW3cfH9ms+lbSAJEzRp6rTg6sVzunDR1l97EJ8uXjini4H1aZoacWk31NJ9SoeO/EY9oWkHF+bpK6H+kqGZVAJdUj62uqK4VPxMufLj9qkEgDFmwhc1Y16wk8nFsxesMjGWfp1972SCKQqBqyNlta7P26pN6+qtyfdzVLmqSJnU6UASQuHZEGcKwQGh7iOGGCe66ZlFWlWZE2jpPtLxn9rdYrztvjt1i/X6wO8yu6QcVEvgsxiQCWC8maac++YE1uLe/yDgvN490mGtA2PLFda7A7efLcoo1mbrLlOuyn/UU0vuoFIHkhTqJiIjHNc9vVVt3kvBFyJckrdtq56uM2cycan44XsHn+im364FKxbL5X1HrzUdUkuMgB3uknLYra1mVxSuWgEYd2xTs3q36emXYt1Ix8gonp1WmQmMPUnk5Be1NOOzSktLi7F8RpOibz+bv1E/euYbsQd49XvUkGn9bEVzsDUPgHEkZmn5c5tVblYo7RtV9MgGudu6BiqVvi61uTfokaKNgWPNVb5Zzy3PinEAp2ty3gKVuQ6orm5P7IAd6pLyVrvavbmqrnlQWUmUBAAwlqRP/4aeen5NYFao9vVVWtNwUF2hW8v7vPJsr9XivLW22+MDY0tKq15X+fM6sqs2zo1GAMSXromzyrS1bZsVxOtUVZStSaET3knZKrJOdoN3nCuLecOLgMlztHztImMlTmu5vfsLAzIBjFs3aPqSWv2o1izNjmvH+vuVPekzwTLzMxnKW2mUma5K/eCltdYUhdmakcFVP4wdVx7CXeWq39OkvR3d+u32NZpLAAdGyAziFdre1anWppdUbU43GJaj8vofW8dZRfwAHjBF9zxYaoTs+H29g11SZip/7RLNZUAmgPEqfboKN+1Xd8d+NVYHmhYsxapubFVn18v633PsZSkwdqT5DdY6hsE802bTAQDlIcYyn3rantSsos3yapWaup9XqYs7mGB0DLcspAkMAACMM33yNBQEu55kNsgTd6LwS/rwzElrRqm5yrmFAI6xgxAOAADGmRuVMSM7uHqqXa//8nxwPYrP+5/atvOwseZS/sIcZZB6MIawOwIAgHFmglwLlqs60N37gNYvfkwNh2wzSqlHXW1u1T5SEZw+2VWqv/vmn4n7eGMsoU/4CNEHEgCCKA9xdfjUd2Kn1hSu1I6h5jzOr1XTi4+rNGuy9QQwOoZbFhLCR4hKBwCCKA9xVZn3UWh5Qwe//w+qs24aaHKV1+v/lBZo3uJcubjuDwcQwh1CpQMAQZSHADD8spBzQwAAAMBhhHAAAADAYYRwAAAAwGGEcAAAAMBhhHAAAADAYYRwAAAAwGGEcAAAAMBhhHAAAADAYYRwAAAAwGGEcAAAAMBhhHAAAADAYYRwAAAAwGFpfoO1jiSlpaVZawAAAMCAZKM1IRwAAABwGN1RAAAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAhxHCAQAAAIcRwgEAAACHEcIBAAAAR0n/P8nxrXJBomYNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" width="419" height="187"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Very disappointing results with a large percentage of the candidates thinking metals have a high electron affinity.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which of the following is the electron configuration of a metallic element?</p>
<p>A.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>B.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>4</sup></p>
<p>C.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>D.  [Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>5</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which oxide dissolves in water to give a solution with a pH below 7?</p>
<p>A. MgO</p>
<p>B. Li<sub>2</sub>O</p>
<p>C. CaO</p>
<p>D. P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which property increases down group 1?</p>
<p>A.  atomic radius</p>
<p>B.  electronegativity</p>
<p>C.  first ionization energy</p>
<p>D.  melting point</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statement is correct?</p>
<p>A.     Atomic radius decreases down group 17.</p>
<p>B.     First ionization energy decreases down group 1.</p>
<p>C.     Atomic radius increases across period 3 from Na to Cl.</p>
<p>D.     First ionization energy decreases across period 3 from Na to Cl.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">How do the following properties change down Group 17 of the periodic table?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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" width="404" height="232"></span></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>74&thinsp;% of the candidates chose the correct trends for ionization energy and ionic radius down Group 17.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which oxides produce an acidic solution when added to water?</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">I.    Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">II.   P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub> and P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></p>
<p style="padding-left:60px;">III.  NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub></p>
<p> </p>
<p>A.   I and II only</p>
<p>B.   I and III only</p>
<p>C.   II and III only</p>
<p>D.   I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which element has the highest metallic character in Group 14?</p>
<p><br>A.  C</p>
<p>B.  Si</p>
<p>C.  Ge</p>
<p>D.  Sn</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which element is found in the 4th group, 6th period of the periodic table?</p>
<p>A. Selenium</p>
<p>B. Lead</p>
<p>C. Chromium</p>
<p>D. Hafnium</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A very well answered question. 76% of the candidates were able to identify the element in the fourth group and sixth period of the periodic table as hafnium. The most commonly chosen distractor was lead which is in group 14 not 4.</p>
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which increase across a period from left to right?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-10_om_06.17.52.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/SPM/ENG/TZ2/07"></p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
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