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<h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">How do the following properties change down Group 17 of the periodic table?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="387" height="218"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>85&thinsp;% of the candidates know the trends in ionization energy and ionic radius down Group 17. The other distractors were equally chosen by the remainder of the candidates.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which ion has the largest radius?</p>
<p><br>A.  Na<sup>+</sup></p>
<p>B.  Mg<sup>2+</sup></p>
<p>C.  P<sup>3−</sup></p>
<p>D.  S<sup>2−</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which property increases down group 17, the halogens?</p>
<p>A. Electron affinity</p>
<p>B. Boiling point</p>
<p>C. First ionization energy</p>
<p>D. Reactivity</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>X, Y and Z represent the successive elements, Ne, Na and Mg, but not necessarily in that order.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<p>What is the order of increasing atomic number?</p>
<p>A.     X &lt; Y &lt; Z</p>
<p>B.     X &lt; Z &lt; Y</p>
<p>C.     Y &lt; Z &lt; X</p>
<p>D.     Y &lt; X &lt; Z</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the order of decreasing ionic radius?</p>
<p>A.     S<sup>2−</sup> &gt; Cl<sup>−</sup> &gt; Al<sup>3+</sup> &gt; Mg<sup>2+</sup></p>
<p>B.     Cl<sup>−</sup> &gt; S<sup>2−</sup> &gt; Al<sup>3+</sup> &gt; Mg<sup>2+</sup></p>
<p>C.     S<sup>2−</sup> &gt; Cl<sup>−</sup> &gt; Mg<sup>2+</sup> &gt; Al<sup>3+</sup></p>
<p>D.     Mg<sup>2+</sup> &gt; Al<sup>3+</sup> &gt; Cl<sup>−</sup> &gt; S<sup>2−</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which are the most reactive elements of the alkali metals and halogens?</p>
<p>A.  Lithium and fluorine</p>
<p>B.  Lithium and iodine</p>
<p>C.  Caesium and fluorine</p>
<p>D.  Caesium and iodine</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>70% of candidates selected the most reactive alkali metal and halogen. The most commonly chosen distractor was lithium and fluorine.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which electron configuration is that of a transition metal atom in the ground state?</p>
<p>A. [Ne]3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>B. [Ar]3d<sup>9</sup></p>
<p>C. 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>10</sup>4p<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>D. [Ar]4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="445" height="217"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A well answered question regarding finding principal energy level and valence electrons from position on the periodic table.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which correctly describes the reaction between potassium and excess water?</p>
<p>A. The reaction is endothermic.</p>
<p>B. The final products of the reaction are potassium oxide and hydrogen.</p>
<p>C. The final products of the reaction are potassium hydroxide and hydrogen.</p>
<p>D. The final pH of the solution is 7.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which series represents atoms in order of decreasing atomic radius?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. N &gt; C &gt; Be &gt; Mg</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. Mg &gt; N &gt; C &gt; Be</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. Be &gt; C &gt; N &gt; Mg</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. Mg &gt; Be &gt; C &gt; N</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Another well answered question with 75&thinsp;% correctly ranking elements according to atomic radii. One G2 form stated that this question was repeated in paper 2.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the correct order for <strong>increasing</strong> first ionization energy?</p>
<p>A.  Na &lt; Mg &lt; Al</p>
<p>B.  Na &lt; Al &lt; Mg</p>
<p>C.  Al &lt; Mg &lt; Na</p>
<p>D.  Al &lt; Na &lt; Mg</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The majority of candidates focussed on the general trend of ionization energy increasing across the period and missed out the finer details due to sub-levels. The correct order for increasing first ionization energy was Na &lt; Al &lt; Mg rather than Na &lt; Mg &lt; Al.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">What is the correct trend going down groups 1 </span><strong><span class="fontstyle2">and </span></strong><span class="fontstyle0">17?</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. Melting points increase<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. Boiling points decrease<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. Electronegativities increase<br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. Ionization energies decrease</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Most candidates selected ionization energy as the property that decreases down both group 1 and 17.</p>
</div>
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