File "markSceme-HL-paper1.html"
Path: /IB QUESTIONBANKS/5 Fifth Edition - PAPER/HTML/Chemistry/Topic 21/markSceme-HL-paper1html
File size: 97.79 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>IB Questionbank</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/application-02ef852527079acf252dc4c9b2922c93db8fde2b6bff7c3c7f657634ae024ff1.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="css/print-6da094505524acaa25ea39a4dd5d6130a436fc43336c0bb89199951b860e98e9.css">
<script src="js/application-9717ccaf4d6f9e8b66ebc0e8784b3061d3f70414d8c920e3eeab2c58fdb8b7c9.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML-full"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js'></script>
<![endif]-->
<meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token">
<meta name="csrf-token" content="iHF+M3VlRFlNEehLVICYgYgqiF8jIFlzjGNjIwqOK9cFH3ZNdavBJrv/YQpz8vcspoICfQcFHW8kSsHnJsBwfg==">
<link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
</head>
<body class="teacher questions-show">
<div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<div class="brand">
<div class="inner"><a href="http://ibo.org/">ibo.org</a></div>
</div>
<ul class="nav">
<li>
<a href="../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<!-- - if current_user.is_language_services? && !current_user.is_publishing? -->
<!-- %li= link_to "Language services", tolk_path -->
</ul>
<ul class="nav pull-right">
<li class="dropdown">
<a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">
Help
<b class="caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/video_tour?locale=en">Video tour</a></li>
<li><a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/instructions?locale=en">Detailed instructions</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="https://ibanswers.ibo.org/">IB Answers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://06082010.xyz">IB Documents (2) Team</a>
</li></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-content container">
<div class="row">
<div class="span24">
<div class="pull-right screen_only"><a class="btn btn-small btn-info" href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/updates?locale=en">Updates to Questionbank</a></div>
<p class="muted language_chooser">
User interface language:
<a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/en/users/set_user_locale?new_locale=en">English</a>
|
<a href="https://questionbank.ibo.org/en/users/set_user_locale?new_locale=es">Español</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page-header">
<div class="row">
<div class="span16">
<p class="back-to-list">
</p>
</div>
<div class="span8" style="margin: 0 0 -19px 0;">
<img style="width: 100%;" class="qb_logo" src="https://mirror.ibdocs.top/qb.png" alt="Ib qb 46 logo">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>Which technique is used to determine the bond lengths and bond angles of a molecule?</p>
<p>A. X-ray crystallography</p>
<p>B. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy</p>
<p>C. Mass spectroscopy</p>
<p>D. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which technique can be used to identify bond length and bond angle?</p>
<p>A. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
<p>B. IR spectroscopy</p>
<p>C. Mass spectroscopy</p>
<p>D. X-ray crystallography</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which property explains why tetramethylsilane, Si(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>, can be used as a reference standard in <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy?</p>
<p>A. It has a high boiling point.</p>
<p>B. It is a reactive compound.</p>
<p>C. All its protons are in the same chemical environment.</p>
<p>D. It gives multiple signals.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What information can be deduced from the splitting pattern of <sup>1</sup>H NMR signals?</p>
<p>A. total number of hydrogen atoms in a compound</p>
<p>B. number of hydrogen atoms on adjacent atom(s)</p>
<p>C. functional group on which hydrogen atoms are located</p>
<p>D. number of hydrogen atoms in a particular chemical environment</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compound produces the following <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="430" height="241"><br>SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).</p>
<p><br>A. Propane</p>
<p>B. Propanone</p>
<p>C. Propanal</p>
<p>D. 2,2-dimethylpropane</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which technique may be used to find the bond lengths and bond angles within a molecule?</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. X-ray crystallography</p>
<p>B. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
<p>C. Infrared spectroscopy</p>
<p>D. Mass spectroscopy</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which is the<sup> 1</sup>H NMR spectrum of tetramethylsilane, TMS, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Si?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="680" height="538"></span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Which can be identified using infrared (IR) spectroscopy?</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A. functional groups</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">B. molar mass</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C. 3-D configuration</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">D. bond angle</span></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>The vast majority of candidates knew that IR spectroscopy can be used to identify functional groups.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which would be the most effective method to distinguish between liquid propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol?</p>
<p>A. Observation of colour change when warmed with acidified potassium dichromate</p>
<p>B. Determination of <em>m</em>/<em>z </em>value of molecular ion in the mass spectrum</p>
<p>C. Determination of percentage composition</p>
<p>D. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compound gives this <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum?</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>A. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>B. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH</p>
<p>C. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>D. CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compound produces the following <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbwAAAEpCAYAAADoG5cvAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAABCkSURBVHhe7d0PkFSFfcDxn5TRNqBFxiAirP8GkaMiNUA1+D9VqEZz0RqdRg0FgtRaW9pMTXB0Msag5o9EYxrHmARBO5pEuTHKGDH+i9QEBJkYUaQauCgcahSBI2LhtnvHO0DUUcBhn/4+n5mFvbd7e+/e2/e+79/O7VKtCQD4iOtS/A8AH2mCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AK2xS8xx57rLgHADvfjnTIHh4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHsCHUKXSt7jH+yV4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACk8IEGr1LpW9wDgHKxhwdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggfwIeLjX9tP8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfCAj6xKpW9xDwQPgCQED4AUBA+AFAQPgBQED4AUPrDguRoKgDKzhwdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggdACoIHQAqCB0AKggfwIVWp9C3u8X4IHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHvCR5jwXnQQPgBQED/hIsmfH1gQPgBQED4AUBA+AFAQPgBQED4AUBA+AFAQPgBQED4AUBA+AFAQPgBQED4AUBA+AFAQPgBQED4AUdqnWFPffkz+3AUC9NTe/UNzbNtsUvMceeyyOPPLI4isA2Ll2pEMOaQKQguABkILgAZCC4AGQguABkILgAZCC4AGQguABkILgAZCC4AGQguABkILgAZCC4AGQguABkILgAZCC4AGQguABkMI2/cXzSqVvcQ8A6qO5+YXi3jZqD9771a/fvsW9D0am1zPtdozX2zFeb8d8kK9n2u2YHXk9hzQBSEHwAEhB8ABIoa7B2+4TjztJmcfPtNsxxm/HGL/tZ9rtmB0ZP3t4AKQgeACkIHgApLBNHzwHgA8re3gApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApPCuwWtr+WVcNurUmDJ/TTGksGZx/HLK2BhY6dvxB2ErA8fGlKb50dJWPL5TvRkt82+NS0YN2DgulVPjkulz6zQu76StNrlmxZRxw4vxGx7jrvufkozfH6Jp3OBivLa+DY5xTX8onldP7dOvqbzzd/38mDJk62nXN4ZMmR/ri6eUQ206zr8uRlVGvn15rqO2lrkx/ZJTi+lWWzamzIrFa8oyc1fF4l9eF+MGds7Xso3fZu+6rq6nUnViCx1/FW8rG5bPrl47dli1X7+TqtfMW10Mbfen6rM//odqv0PGVK+ds7y6obquuvzBr1VH9htRnfTgy8VzdpYN1dXzrq397E9XL33wxdpX7YNerD54aWN15DVzqluOdd2snlO9ZuSI6vkzlm4cv46vDy3P+G2tY/wOrh4ydlr1mdUdY1xXG16cUT3/kM752/leG7Z5etbb8hnVsXV572+bjdNx33dYnutow9LqjPOHbXqvbVh+f/XS9vfe+TOqL9Z95m6ovv7gpdVDauuWSTOe6VhWyzV+m737urqeytSJt9pqD2/jVs34UT+MDZ88MRqKoZu0LY3Zdz4ePcf/c1wwrHdt93DX6H3MmXH2kJfjzlm/q333zvRqPH7HT2LhkDPi3GP6bNxV7dInjmo8Olpu/Hk8vqr+W2Lrn/1V3LxwvzhiUK+N49d9YBw7cp9YePOv4tly7QLUrIz5P5gcU5aOiisvPysGdK/30e5X4pHvfStm9u+cv7X32nET4svn7hoz754fLxXPqqf1y56Px2O/6L9v92JICbU1x12XT46ZrcXXJdH23APxo5m7xunn/F3He61L72PjggknRuvM+2POS/VeOF6MB25pitaTxsa/NA6I9rnbpffx8aUvnxUx86dx33NvbHxaXb3HurqeStWJt9pqrfZ6PPXT5+Ko26fExJOHRd9i6CZrlsfixbvF0AM+Hl2LQdFl3xh8/P7R+uSSWLFTG/OnWLmiNul69Yjdt/gtuvY5MIa2/iae+N+1xRDej7ZlD8WNNy6MhvHnxN/22bUYWkfrm+OJe16OIacfGQdtmr97xXFffzSab2qM3sWQ+nkjfv/befFqt4Ni/71LML3e0Zux7K5vx1eWnBY/vG5C9CyGlkGX/qPjruZH4+vH7VUMKZN+0XjTb0vyPns377GurqdSdeKttgpebUbfcG2MHrBH8fVW1q6MFe+2pdj8aqzeqb/IX0SPvWvj+dLKLX5uW6x6Zn7MjtZ4ZVX9t8K6Hnx0fKFhafz6qZdqY1az5ul4+BfLo+ELR8fBm94JZbAyFtx+c8yMUTHhrMM6tmjrbu2qeGXdbtHztSfi1k3necp0Dm9NvLh4ae3/2XHV6QNLOH5tsWbR7XHZV5pj/OQL4/jKx4rhZdR+rvbu+O4Nj0TD6M/GEb1KtXAUXo35sx6I1tJs4LzHurqeStWJt6r3casd0DOGnvG5aFhwR0x/ZFlHUNpafh1Tb7m3lrtVsWLlnzY+rZ66HxZnTfhEPHzRJ2P/9hViw2djytLG+PLYT5QjKp1WLYg7bpwb3U7/bJxQhr27dh0LzavxwI2z4rXGH8SS5hdiyZx/iz+7dWyMn7Zo4wZEPbX9MZY8+XLEfp+JyU1Pd/xRyuaFV0X/hyfG6Gvn1nJYZ2vmxQ/+9ZvxwvhJ8cXDexQDy6j94qkh0fCpC2P60mFx8qmDolfp1krtF/38d1w1/c04+cpxccweH+LVZnIf4jnXJbofPiGm3nFKLPun4R1B2X/0vVE55/w4KfaJQZU9i+fVS/tCckOM+cq6uHjWwo0rxCVzYtqZT8R5n7s+5pfmaq/aXvH8B+LO1mPj4tFHRLm2F7vFkIv/My7sOA9Qm+O9R8S5Zx8aC75zTyyo92meLgNi9F2Lovnei+LwzvOd3Q+KEUftFwvrfg65OB8b42LyF0u2cfU2xeHD5udjzvcPiJlnnBYXNDXXf4NmC23L7oovff6W6Hv5j+NbjZUP80ozvW2bd3tVYtC7nQio9HzLubSdY9foPWxC3PR0LSbtQbn3q3FCLI3ZsVfsuXu9D4sUF9WMGBWjOg87dOkTx5x7RgxZeE88/GxZzjGW7VBNoeO9tlv06vGxLd6kXWP3HrUNmXUrY9XaMq0SOxXjV9szXVnP8Vv/fDx889yIhd+IxoZKx+HWAxuvqc3pp2JK4yFRvo9NtOu8sOH10lyU1LHRurgpLh1zWSw588q44rxBJd94KInSdWKzbfvRXbrFnpV1MXvuc1tcafNaND+1PLodun/svVN/kTdi8dTPR2XgZfHQpq3pN2PFkueiteFvYvA+Zb2QoGSKQ3PdTj8hDi/ToZqulfjrUz4eL/y+ZYvDg+tj9crXIvofGPvW+yrSVQ/FJQMHxGlTtzy8WozfkKExqJ7noboeHhMXFBuBxe35pn+PnjEoJjY9EwsmHr75YoK6aKtNvstiYOXzMXXx28+1d9u7R9T/jOOqWNz01fj7T02OFSffEFO/+qnoXaLFo9RK1Ym32rYf3WW/GHH60Gi987a4c1H7r/JmtDx0c9xw3x5x+ol/tZMPh/15HDTixBjSem/ccufTtZVi+9bYr+LuR1+Jkyc0xpC6X1ZfnGOc/fP4ydyWjSvFtmXxyPQ7YkHDKXHswSW5iKDjiqpaQ/rvU7Kt1/bp95mIG38YP+t4r9UmX8vsmH7b0jh5zAlbXLlZJ3sMiTPGN8SC234RC4rD06Uav1LrEnsMPTXGNzwZt939ZLFBU1uXPPLTuG1BQ4w/Y0idD62/GcuaLo3TLro9YuL34jsXfVLstkWpOrGV4vN4b9fxodp3+DDj6meqMyZ9utqvX/sHWdtvn65OmjanurwuH8ZcV10+5/vVsR0fqq3dDhlTveb+Z0v0oe7a+M27pTpp5MHFtDq4OnLSLdV5y9cVj5dAx3w+tDp2RnMxoEy2nn6bPwhcChuWV+dNm1Qd2bkslO79t9n/zft29bBSfTi5ffLNqU7bYl1yyNhrq/c/+3rxaB29/mB1Uuc65W23Ei4r77aurqdSdWKzXdr/KdoHAB9ZdtQBSEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8ABIQfAASEHwAEhB8GCb/SGaxg2OgeOuiG+OGx6VSt/a7dS4ZPrcaGkrntLSFOMqw2PcN6+IcQPbH6/dRl0S0+e3xManrK895cKoDBwbU350SYzqeI2+tde8IX4z/6G4bsvXbVoUazq+B9gRggfbqfW+u2LR4O/EnCXNsXDW52LF5HNi/LRFRdDaLYv7fvT7GDzt8VjSvDBmnf3HmNz4HzFt8RvF4zWtj8YvnhsW3124pPYaV8aI2VfEmY3fjlfOaap9z++iaWLXmH7R5fGzLb8H2C6CB9ur4Zy4YMwR0btLl+g+4My4+OKhseDqW+ORVZ3J6xYN4yfEmGG9awvaHjHgvIlx8ZDH4+qpv45VxTMihsbZo0dF/+5do3v/4XFU/24RJ42NC47rU/ueHjH42KOjZ7wSr61eXzwf2F6CB9urbyX6dO9chLrG7j32rO2xvRor13YGb7foe0Dv6F58FV0+Fj167RatK1bG2mJQxJ7RY/euG+8Wj/ccVIm9Ng4BPkCCB0AKggfb66WVsXrTCbv1sXrlaxFDhsagXsUeW6yrPWXt5nN6bWtj5Uu1pxw1MHoVg4CdR/Bgey34r7h62lOxJt6MlrlT4+qrF8fJY06IgzYtVa2x4OopMW3RqlrsWmLu9d+IqxcfH2NOOsCCB3VguYPt1XBk7P3oP0ZD5cAYft7cGHT9rfGtxsoWC1W3aDjtL+PRxoao7D80zvvtYXH9XV+Lxj67Fo8DO9Mu1ZriPvC+tH8O75S4KC6POTc1Ru9i6Fu0fw5v+GUR190TNzX2KwYC9WQPD4AUBA+AFBzSBCAFe3gApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeACkIHgApCB4AKQgeAAkEPH/rqSyS6oHn8QAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><sup>[Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS. SDBS Compounds and Spectral Search. [graph] Available at:</sup><br><sup>https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp [Accessed 3 January 2019].]</sup></p>
<p><br>A. propanal</p>
<p>B. propanone</p>
<p>C. propane</p>
<p>D. methlypropane</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A majority of students identified the correct compound for the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum given.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Which compound with the molecular formula </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>8</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math><span class="fontstyle0"> has this high resolution </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><mn>1</mn></mmultiscripts><mo> </mo><mi>NMR</mi></math><span class="fontstyle0">?</span></p>
<p><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>From: libretexts.org. Courtesy of Chris Schaller, Professor (Chemistry) </em><br><em>at College of Saint Benedict/Saint John’s University.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">A. but-3-en-2-ol, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>CHCH</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">B. butanal, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>CHO</mi></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">C. butanone, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msub><mi>COCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0"><br></span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0">D. but-3-en-1-ol, </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>CHCH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>CH</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>OH</mi><mo> </mo></math></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Just over 50% of candidates could identify the correct compound from high resolution 1H NMR data. The question had a relatively high discriminatory index.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which substance has the following <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><em>SDBS, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology.</em></p>
<p><br>A. Propane</p>
<p>B. Propanal</p>
<p>C. Butanoic acid</p>
<p>D. Ethyl ethanoate</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br>