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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p>A compound with a molecular formula C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O produced the following high resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce what information can be obtained from the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify the functional group that shows stretching at 1710 cm<sup>–1</sup> in the infrared spectrum of this compound using section 26 of the data booklet and the <sup>1</sup>H NMR.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest the structural formula of this compound.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Bromine was added to hexane, hex-1-ene and benzene. Identify the compound(s) which will react with bromine in a well-lit laboratory.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formula of the main organic product when hex-1-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the reagents and the name of the mechanism for the nitration of benzene.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, in terms of the bonding present, why the reaction conditions of halogenation are different for alkanes and benzene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Below are two isomers, A and B, with the molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>Br.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p>Explain the mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reaction with NaOH(aq) for the isomer that reacts almost exclusively by an S<sub>N</sub>2 mechanism using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine undergoes many reactions.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>67</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi></math> of manganese(IV) oxide was added to </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mn>200</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo> </mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> <span class="fontstyle0">of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>00</mn><mo> </mo><mi>mol</mi><mo> </mo><msup><mi>dm</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo> </mo><mi>HCl</mi></math>.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>→</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine gas reacts with water to produce hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⇌</mo><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>HCl</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> </span><span class="fontstyle0">is a common chlorofluorocarbon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the full electron configuration of the chlorine atom.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom</span>.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The mass spectrum of chlorine is shown.</span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><img style="display: block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="fontstyle0"><em> NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved.</em><br> </span></p>
<p><span class="fontstyle0"> <br>Outline the reason for the two peaks at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>37</mn></math>.<br> </span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the presence and relative abundance of the peak at </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>74</mn></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of manganese(IV) oxide added.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the limiting reactant, showing your calculations.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Determine the excess amount, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>mol</mi></math>, of the other reactant.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the volume of chlorine, in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msup><mi>dm</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math><span class="fontstyle0">, produced if the reaction is conducted at standard temperature and pressure (STP). Use section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the oxidation state of manganese in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span><span class="fontstyle0"> </span><span class="fontstyle0">and </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" width="699" height="180"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce, referring to oxidation states, whether </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>MnO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> <span class="fontstyle0">is an oxidizing or reducing agent.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(vi).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Hypochlorous acid is considered a weak acid. Outline what is meant by the term weak acid.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the formula of the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the concentration of </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math><span class="fontstyle0"> in a </span><math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>HClO</mi><mo> </mo><mfenced><mi>aq</mi></mfenced></math><span class="fontstyle0"> solution with a </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>pH</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>61</mn></math>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">State the type of reaction occurring when ethane reacts with chlorine to produce chloroethane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Predict, giving a reason, whether ethane or chloroethane is more reactive.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Explain the mechanism of the reaction between chloroethane and aqueous sodium hydroxide, <math class="wrs_chemistry" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>NaOH</mi><mo> </mo><mo>(</mo><mi>aq</mi><mo>)</mo></math>, using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Ethoxyethane (diethyl ether) can be used as a solvent for this conversion.<br>Draw the structural formula of ethoxyethane</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Deduce the number of signals and chemical shifts with splitting patterns in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR</span><span class="fontstyle0"> spectrum of ethoxyethane. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Calculate the percentage by mass of chlorine in </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><msub><mi>CCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math><span class="fontstyle0">.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Comment on how international cooperation has contributed to the lowering of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math> emissions responsible for ozone depletion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span class="fontstyle0"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" class="wrs_chemistry"><mi>CFC</mi></math>s produce chlorine radicals. Write two successive propagation steps to show how chlorine radicals catalyse the depletion of ozone.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>This question is about carbon and chlorine compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ethane, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>6</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</math></span>, reacts with chlorine in sunlight. State the type of this reaction and the name of the mechanism by which it occurs.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_15.22.26.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/06.a"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Formulate equations for the two propagation steps and one termination step in the formation of chloroethane from ethane.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2017-09-20_om_14.32.42.png" alt="M17/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/06.bi"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the splitting patterns in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>Cl.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why tetramethylsilane (TMS) is often used as a reference standard in <sup>1</sup>H NMR.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>One possible product, <strong>X</strong>, of the reaction of ethane with chlorine has the following composition by mass:</p>
<p>carbon: 24.27%, hydrogen: 4.08%, chlorine: 71.65%</p>
<p>Determine the empirical formula of the product.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of product <strong>X</strong> are shown below. Deduce, giving your reasons, its structural formula and hence the name of the compound.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>When the product <strong>X</strong> is reacted with NaOH in a hot alcoholic solution, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl is formed. State the role of the reactant NaOH other than as a nucleophile.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Chloroethene, <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{Cl}}">
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>C</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>2</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mtext>H</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>3</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Cl</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span>, can undergo polymerization. Draw a section of the polymer with three repeating units.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethane-1,2-diol, HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH, has a wide variety of uses including the removal of ice from aircraft and heat transfer in a solar cell.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>(i) Calculate Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this similar reaction below using <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta H_{\rm{f}}^\theta ">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span> data from section 12 of the data booklet. <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\Delta H_{\rm{f}}^\theta ">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi>
<msubsup>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msubsup>
</math></span> of HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH(l) is –454.8kJmol<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
<p>2CO (g) + 3H<sub>2</sub> (g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌</mo>
</math></span> HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (l)</p>
<p>(ii) Deduce why the answers to (a)(iii) and (b)(i) differ.</p>
<p>(iii) Δ<em>S</em><sup>θ</sup> for the reaction in (b)(i) is –620.1JK<sup>-1</sup>. Comment on the decrease in entropy.</p>
<p>(iv) Calculate the value of ΔG<sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction at 298 K using your answer to (b)(i). (If you did not obtain an answer to (b)(i), use –244.0 kJ, but this is not the correct value.)</p>
<p>(v) Comment on the statement that the reaction becomes less spontaneous as temperature is increased.</p>
<div class="marks">[6]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the <sup>1</sup>HNMR data for ethanedioic acid and ethane-1,2-diol by completing the table.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is obtained by the hydration of ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Alternative synthetic routes exist to produce alcohols.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Ethanol is obtained by the hydration of ethene, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the class of compound to which ethene belongs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the molecular formula of the next member of the homologous series to which ethene belongs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify why ethene has only a single signal in its <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the chemical shift of this signal. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> possible products of the incomplete combustion of ethene that would not be formed by complete combustion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>A white solid was formed when ethene was subjected to high pressure.</p>
<p>Deduce the type of reaction that occurred.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the mechanism for the reaction of propene with hydrogen bromide using curly arrows.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the major organic product is 2-bromopropane and not 1-bromopropane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the major organic product is 2-bromopropane and not 1-bromopropane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>2-bromopropane can be converted directly to propan-2-ol. Identify the reagent required.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Propan-2-ol can also be formed in one step from a compound containing a carbonyl group.</p>
<p>State the name of this compound and the type of reaction that occurs.</p>
<p><img 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" width="641" height="152"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Urea, (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO, is excreted by mammals and can be used as a fertilizer.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Urea can also be made by the direct combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide gases.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">2NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext=" \rightleftharpoons ">
<mo stretchy="false">⇌<!-- ⇌ --></mo>
</math></span> (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) Δ<em>H </em>< 0</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in urea to two decimal places using section 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest how the percentage of nitrogen affects the cost of transport of fertilizers giving a reason.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The structural formula of urea is shown.</p>
<p><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_11.43.42.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b_01"></p>
<p>Predict the electron domain and molecular geometries at the nitrogen and carbon atoms, applying the VSEPR theory.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_11.45.16.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/01.b_02"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Urea can be made by reacting potassium cyanate, KNCO, with ammonium chloride, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">KNCO(aq) + NH<sub>4</sub>Cl(aq) → (H<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>2</sub>CO(aq) + KCl(aq)</p>
<p>Determine the maximum mass of urea that could be formed from 50.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.100 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> potassium cyanate solution.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the equilibrium constant expression, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, with a reason, the effect on the equilibrium constant, <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, when the temperature is increased.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine an approximate order of magnitude for <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>, using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet. Assume Δ<em>G</em><sup>Θ</sup> for the forward reaction is approximately +50 kJ at 298 K.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest one reason why urea is a solid and ammonia a gas at room temperature.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch two different hydrogen bonding interactions between ammonia and water.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The combustion of urea produces water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.</p>
<p>Formulate a balanced equation for the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the maximum volume of CO<sub>2</sub>, in cm<sup>3</sup>, produced at STP by the combustion of 0.600 g of urea, using sections 2 and 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the bond formation when urea acts as a ligand in a transition metal complex ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The C–N bonds in urea are shorter than might be expected for a single C–N bond. Suggest, in terms of electrons, how this could occur.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The mass spectrum of urea is shown below.</p>
<p><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_13.00.41.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/01.j_01"></p>
<p>Identify the species responsible for the peaks at <em>m</em>/<em>z </em>= 60 and 44.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">j.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The IR spectrum of urea is shown below.</p>
<p><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-07_om_13.07.17.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ1/01.k_01"></p>
<p>Identify the bonds causing the absorptions at 3450 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1700 cm<sup>−1</sup> using section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">k.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the number of signals in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of urea.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">l.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the splitting pattern of the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of urea.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">l.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why TMS (tetramethylsilane) may be added to the sample to carry out <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy and why it is particularly suited to this role.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">l.iii.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Benzoic acid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH, is another derivative of benzene.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the wavenumber of one peak in the IR spectrum of benzoic acid, using section 26 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the spectroscopic technique that is used to measure the bond lengths in solid benzoic acid.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline <strong>one</strong> piece of physical evidence for the structure of the benzene ring.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Draw the structure of the conjugate base of benzoic acid showing <strong>all</strong> the atoms and <strong>all</strong> the bonds.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Outline why both C to O bonds in the conjugate base are the same length and suggest a value for them. Use section 10 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The pH of an aqueous solution of benzoic acid at 298 K is 2.95. Determine the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, using section 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Formulate the equation for the complete combustion of benzoic acid in oxygen using only integer coefficients.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The combustion reaction in (f)(ii) can also be classed as redox. Identify the atom that is oxidized and the atom that is reduced.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest how benzoic acid, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 122.13, forms an apparent dimer, <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> = 244.26, when dissolved in a non-polar solvent such as hexane.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">h.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the reagent used to convert benzoic acid to phenylmethanol (benzyl alcohol), C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">i.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbon dioxide contributes significantly to global warming. It can be used as a raw material with methyloxirane to form polymers.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img 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"></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why the three-membered ring in methyloxirane is unstable.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw <strong>two</strong> structural isomers of methyloxirane.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State, giving a reason, whether methyloxirane can form<em> cis-trans</em> isomers.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the chemical shift and splitting pattern of the signal produced by the hydrogen atoms labelled <strong>X</strong> in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of the polymer. Use section 27 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img 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ZPEgYA5ApyZMCeXRIIAAggggAACCCCAgKMCFBOOctMZAggggAACCCCAAALmCFBMmJNLIkEAAQQQQAABBBBAwFEBiglHuekMAQQQQAABBBBAAAFzBCgmzMklkSCAAAIIIIAAAggg4KgAxYSj3HSGAAIIIIAAAggggIA5AhQT5uSSSBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQcFSAYsJRbjpDAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAcAYoJc3JJJAgggAACCCCAAAIIOCpAMeEoN50hgAACCCCAAAIIIGCOAMWEObkkEgQQQAABBBBAAAEEHBWgmHCUm84QQAABBBBAAAEEEDBHgGLCnFwSCQIIIIAAAggggAACjgpQTDjKTWcIIIAAAggggAACCJgjQDFhTi6JBAEEEEAAAQQQQAABRwUoJhzlpjMEEEAAAQQQQAABBMwRoJgwJ5dEggACCCCAAAIIIICAowIUE45y0xkCCCCAAAIIIIAAAuYIUEyYk0siQQABBBBAAAEEEEDAUQGKCUe56QwBBBBAAAEEEEAAAXMEKCbMySWRIIAAAggggAACCCDgqADFhKPcdIYAAgggMJwClmX1OFxv63o0YgUCCCCAwLAIUEwMCyMHQQABBBBAAAEEEEAg9wQoJnIv50SMAAIImCEQDqi5fod8pV65XK7Yv1Kf6g75FYqYESJRIIAAApkuQDGR6RlifAgggAACPQQiocNaPbtE8w+Fdef2E7KnNlnWZwrWfkPn6xfKO+snag5d7rEfKxBAAAEEhlfAZTG5dHhFORoChgjYn/TaP/yJMCShJoURblXt7DnaOvl5vbejUhNSPxbrb3sWW/B7mcXJY+gIGCqQ+ifY0DAJCwEEEEDADIGIOloPamvL7Vrvu6dnIWEHmV+sR59cKNVt0LMt58wImygQQACBDBWgmMjQxDAsBBBAAIHeBM6rrbFJIc8UTbr52t4aSHKroPhOLfD4tafxQ3X00YrVCCCAAAJDF6CYGLohR0AAAQQQcEogck6njgal6VM0Mb///8JCR0/pLBdjO5Ud+kEAgRwU6P8vcQ6iEDICCCCAAAIIIIAAAgj0L0Ax0b8RLRBAAAEEMkXAPV6TZnilYyd1Otz/KQfPjEm6mf/pMiV7jAMBBAwU4E+sgUklJAQQQMBcgXEqriiXJ3RSp872devXiDrafq09oSItqPiyCszFIDIEEEBg1AUoJkY9BQwAAQQQQCB9AbcKZs7RspK3tXbT6zrT28mJcJt+vm6XVL1aPygZn/6haYkAAgggMGABiokBk7EDAggggMCoCuTP1LJXdmvhR0v09Yef1uFA4n5NlxXy16t2cY1WaJH2rv9O77eOHdXB0zkCCCBglgDFhFn5JBoEEEAgJwTcnru04YhfDZX5+vWiabK/zM3lGiPv8nc1rnKXgkf+QWWevm4dmxNEUkezfF6vKnYcVutun0qjRi55q5ILsByxIEwEEBgxAb4Be8RoOTAC2S3AN+1md/4YvZkCA/q9tIuJabO0OVSulQee0ZOV05QfOaPmtdWa9c631dbwuIrSuL2umZJEhQACwyXAmYnhkuQ4CCCAAAIIZKCAZ6VPa+xCwh6b26PiO4vkaXlHHwT7uoA9A4NgSAggkLECFBMZmxoGhkBmCMSmj9hTSK78y4yRMQoEzBVI/n1Lfj70iN3KnzhF0/WR2k+Hh344joAAAjkvQDGR8y8BABBAAAEEEEAAAQQQGJzANYPbjb0QQMB0AcuyTA+R+BDIWAF+/zI2NQwMAQRSBDgzkQLCIgIIIIAAAggggAACCKQnQDGRnhOtEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAIEWAYiIFhEUEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBIT4DvmUjPiVYIIIAAAggggAACCCCQIsCZiRQQFhFAAAEEEEAAAQQQQCA9AYqJ9JxohQACCCCAAAIIIIAAAikCFBMpICwigAACCCCAAAIIIIBAegIUE+k50QoBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQRSBCgmUkBYRAABBBBAAAEEEEAAgfQEKCbSc6IVAggggAACCCCAAAIIpAhQTKSAsIgAAggggAACCCCAAALpCVBMpOdEKwQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEgRoJhIAWERAQQQQAABBBBAAAEE0hOgmEjPiVYIIIAAAggggAACCCCQIkAxkQLCIgIIIIAAAggggAACCKQnQDGRnhOtEEAAAQQQQAABBBBAIEWAYiIFhEUEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBIT4BiIj0nWiGAAAIIIIAAAggggECKAMVECgiLCCCAAAIIIIAAAgggkJ4AxUR6TrRCAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBFAGKiRQQFhFAAAEEEEAAAQQQQCA9AYqJ9JxohQACCCCAAAIIIIAAAikCFBMpICwigAACCCCAAAIIIIBAegLXJDdzuVzJizxHAAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBHoIWJYVXdetmLBX2gVFYmOPvViBAAIIIIAAAggggAACOSuQWiswzSlnXwoEjgACCCCAAAIIIIDA0AQoJobmx94IIIAAAggggAACCOSsAMVEzqaewBFAAAEEEEAAAQQQGJoAxcTQ/NgbAQQQQAABBBBAAIGcFaCYyNnUEzgCCCCAAAIIIIAAAkMToJgYmh97I4AAAggggAACCCCQswIUEzmbegJHAAEEEEAAAQQQQGBoAhQTQ/NjbwQQQAABBBBAAAEEclaAYiJnU0/gCCCAAAIIIIAAAggMTYBiYmh+7I0AAggggAACCCCAQM4KUEzkbOoJHAEEEEAAAQQQQACBoQlQTAzNj70RQAABBBBAAAEEEMhZAYqJnE09gSOAAAIIIIAAAgggMDQBiomh+bE3AggggAACCCCAAAI5K0AxkbOpJ3AEEEAAAQQQQAABBIYmQDExND/2RgABBBBAAAEEEEAgZwUoJnI29QSOAAIIIIAAAggggMDQBCgmhubH3ggggAACCCCAAAII5KwAxUTOpp7AEUAAAQQQQAABBBAYmgDFxND82BsBBBBAAAEEEEAAgZwVMKiYiCgcaNH+2ip5XS65ov+mq6r2VTUHOq4kOHJCdRVeeX3NSlp7ZbsTz0ZkDJ8qUDdProo6BSKDDCKtccX78a5Wc0eiow4F6lerNGruVUXd79URaFTt6lcGP5ZBhsBuCCCAAAIIIIAAAs4JGFJM2G9m12p24Ua9d9Ni+TstWZYl69IBzdfrml/4oGr9F5xT7a8n9zRVNwYV3FSmgv7aZtz26zS1ep+s4AaVFcRePpHAfi2d26DJB06p0wqqsfqv1bZzjVb4P8240TMgBBBAAAEEEEAAgeETMKCYiCjs36lF0TezP9fGqpnyJKLKn6q7lj+jhi3Sitmbkz5JHz5AjpQQGKPxN16vBH1iLY8IIIAAAggggAAC5goY8N7vvFr3/UIt5U/IN+cLvbyZvVFffegnOvh8uSYmR3v2fb2RNCXKW/W0DidPh7JzHgnJv9sXn77jkqvUp7rmgMKJ10NHs3xerypq96ux61helfr2yB86p8Dhp1XljU258lZtU2vocmzP3qYTpfTVYzz29vraruO5XHY/dd2ncCXG1edjhwLNdfKVeuPTwPo4xlVtkqc5fRKdWpVXWKMm+bV51k1yef+LFj50h2Zt9ktNNSrMK5av+ZwUj3lI07D6jIsNCCCAAAIIIIAAAqMhkPz2ejT6H3qfHR+qcY9fnhmTdHMf0bg9RbqvskRT8680CL18WO9PXqWAPR2q87T2TnhT5Yt2yh+OXwcQ+Vj1j5RrdvPfaFPwM1lWpy698CW9NX+uHq//WImrBaSQmlbsUHP8WJ3B3fpmq0/F3lI9dXymfnbanm51TOv1ouas/WedubLjldjjfRXvytPS9ouyrItqvuO4qkpWq/6MXYBckH/rI5p96K+02G+PxR7ze3oy71XNSh7zlSP28ix+Bmf+71T4wonux1i6v9u1Df3adB09NuWps32nylWklUf+LCv4P7TrF2/pyMoiqXyn2jvbtKlsvBSf2mU1VmvqlTR0HYknCCCAAAIIIIAAAtknkPVv6yJnT+loyKPphV7lD8Dfs9KnNZXTYvu4J6hk4QMqb3lHHwTtN+8RdbRs15K6W7R+TY1meq6V5Fb+tAV6bu9svbFku1q6Lj6Wko/l9nxVd870SuVPaM3jt8WmXOVP0e133KLQG21qTxQrSWONnDyi7XVjtPLJZaqcal9FUaBp331IC1Sv7Y0fKdLxvvZtPasFVQ/Ex2IPJ3XMSQfs9ellBT94Ry3Tb9Pt0T5ixyjb0KjUN/jJ8Qy8n147ZyUCCCCAAAIIIICAgQLXGBjTEEL6SO2nw9JUqa2xSSFPuSbdbBcSiR+38idO0fTQP6qxbZnKihPrh/L4qU6+/aaaNFkPTEwqhwrKtCkYjB94mjYF26RwQM31v1X0UvIL7+q5ms1q0f16IK3ur5X3K99USc0/aufB/6gKdWpi+be6na25+mESNkljvPoObEUAAQQQQAABBBAwXCDrz0y4b56kGZ6QjrUHr1zLMFxJC23UrBvy4tcXxK59iF0fkNzBwM+KJO+d3vMOnairkXdsoWY9926smLjxbr3Q9nOVK/4mv98DuZVf9Lga2mv1jQv/rHVzS1U4Nq/ndSD9HocGCCCAAAIIIIAAAgjEBLK+mFDBl1WxoEiho6d0trfrEaJxXlbI3zjAi5UVn/Mfv82sfZ1C17/4dQAOvYrsW68+XtOqu+1br/5mk6orK1VZ+S15L/5vHRvQGNzKn1qiyupN+o1lqTPYpgP3ntXaWQ9qnX2RND8IIIAAAggggAACCAxAIPuLCY3TzHkPqaTpaW06mHxhdELB/lT/+yqa3aAL11+XWNnP4zgVV5TLc+x9HU/cgSm6h30R89Mqdc1TXWC4vkPhOk25/ds9zzB03f3o52r7+KSO6Rbdduvnk+5W9RddujC0r92zL0yvfLRKCzxBHT11Lumi8n542IwAAggggAACCCCAQPSq4qxnsKfv1OiFnTP1xtxHtWp3q0KJMxThgA7XLlVZzWkt3LtKcyYkX/9wtcDdKihZpOfvfktLVu+I39LV/obtg1q3fJu0ZbnmTU23MLlaP7Ft7ikV8q3699q8bpuao8XLZYVaXtWepq9py4Z5mvmNO7XA87b27Pqf8dguK9S6Q6uXbFOo/8PHW8Rv6Vq6WvVdt8DtUODXv1arKrWoYnJSoZL2QftomK+JhZO7+g2H/9JHO1YjgAACCCCAAAIIZLOAAWcmbP4CTat+Qf62pSr8/ZPy5sWub3CNnau9ukd723+pDWUTBvZm2f0FVT5zQHvv+KN83jFyufI0tuSQblr6ql5ZNnNAd47q9wXinqCy9bvUtvATrYv2NUbedZ9oYdsOLSu6USq4XT9s2KSZ71TFYyvSj347XlUHf6mVnn6PHm9wnaYufEZtS8fpUMkN8etAblDJoXFa2rBmAIVWOv1dpyl3P6JVl9eqMG+y5u47qUjXmZa6brehTedotEEAAQQQQAABBBDITAGXZV8IkPTjcrmi1wYkreIpAggggAACCCCAAAIIIBD9QDq5fDDkzASZRQABBBBAAAEEEEAAAacFKCacFqc/BBBAAAEEEEAAAQQMEaCYMCSRhIEAAggggAACCCCAgNMCFBNOi9MfAggggAACCCCAAAKGCFBMGJJIwkAAAQQQQAABBBBAwGkBigmnxekPAQQQQAABBBBAAAFDBCgmDEkkYSCAAAIIIIAAAggg4LQAxYTT4vSHAAIIIIAAAggggIAhAhQThiSSMBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQcFqAYsJpcfpDAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAQAYoJQxJJGAgggAACCCCAAAIIOC1AMeG0OP0hgAACCCCAAAIIIGCIAMWEIYkkDAQQQAABBBBAAAEEnBagmHBanP4QQAABBBBAAAEEEDBEgGLCkEQSBgIIIIAAAggggAACTgtQTDgtTn8IIIAAAggggAACCBgiQDFhSCIJAwEEEEAAAQQQQAABpwUoJpwWpz8EEEAAAQQQQAABBAwRoJgwJJGEgQACCCCAAAIIIICA0wIUE06L08tYHJ0AABLSSURBVB8CCCCAAAIIIIAAAoYIUEwYkkjCQAABBBBAAAEEEEDAaQGKCafF6Q8BBBBAAAEEEEAAAUMEKCYMSSRhIIAAAggggAACCCDgtADFhNPi9IcAAggggAACCCCAgCECFBOGJJIwEEAAAQQQQAABBBBwWoBiwmlx+kMAAQQQQAABBBBAwBABiglDEkkYCCCAAAIIIIAAAgg4LUAx4bQ4/SGAAAIIIIAAAgggYIgAxYQhiSQMBBBAAAEEEEAAAQScFjCumIgE6lThcsnra1ZHX5qRE6qr8MrlXa3mjkgfrT5VoG6eXK5i+ZrP9dFGMr0/YSWJ14L9C2D6a5347CRn4t9GXnvR/4AyMjf8beRvY/ztEa/P2K/psL0HjbtmyYPLsiwreawul0spq5I38xwBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQRyVCC1VjDuzESO5pWwEUAAAQQQQAABBBBwXIBiwnFyOkQAAQQQQAABBBBAwAwBigkz8kgUCCCAAAIIIIAAAgg4LkAx4Tg5HSKAAAIIIIAAAgggYIYAxYQZeSQKBBBAAAEEEEAAAQQcF6CYcJycDhFAAAEEEEAAAQQQMEOAYsKMPBIFAggggAACCCCAAAKOC1BMOE5OhwgggAACCCCAAAIImCFAMWFGHokCAQQQQAABBBBAAAHHBSgmHCenQwQQQAABBBBAAAEEzBCgmDAjj0SBAAIIIIAAAggggIDjAhQTjpPTIQIIIIAAAggggAACZghQTJiRR6JAAAEEEEAAAQQQQMBxAYoJx8npEAEEEEAAAQQQQAABMwQoJszII1EggAACCCCAAAIIIOC4AMWE4+R0iAACCCCAAAIIIICAGQIUE2bkkSgQQAABBBBAAAEEEHBcgGLCcXI6RAABBBBAAAEEEEDADAGKCTPySBQIIIAAAggggAACCDguQDHhODkdIoAAAggggAACCCBghgDFhBl5JAoEEEAAAQQQQAABBBwXoJhwnJwOEUAAAQQQQAABBBAwQ4Biwow8EgUCCCCAAAIIIIAAAo4LUEw4Tk6HCCCAAAIIIIAAAgiYIUAxYUYeiQIBBBBAAAEEEEAAAccFKCYcJ6dDBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTMEKCYMCOPRIEAAggggAACCCCAgOMCFBOOk9MhAggggAACCCCAAAJmCFBMmJFHokAAAQQQQAABBBBAwHEBignHyekQAQQQQAABBBBAAAEzBCgmzMgjUSCAAAIIIIAAAggg4LgAxYTj5HSIAAIIIIAAAggggIAZAhQTZuSRKBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQcFyAYsJxcjpEAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAMAYoJM/JIFAgggAACCCCAAAIIOC5AMeE4OR0igAACCCCAAAIIIGCGAMWEGXkkCgQQQAABBBBAAAEEHBegmHCcnA4RQAABBBBAAAEEEDBDgGLCjDwSBQIIIIAAAggggAACjgtQTDhOTocIIIAAAggggAACCJghQDFhRh6JAgEEEEAAAQQQQAABxwUoJhwnp0MEEEAAAQQQQAABBMwQoJgwI49EgQACCCCAAAIIIICA4wIUE46T0yECCCCAAAIIIIAAAmYIUEyYkUeiQAABBBBAAAEEEEDAcQGKCcfJ6RABBBBAAAEEEEAAATMEKCbMyCNRIIAAAggggAACCCDguADFhOPkdIgAAggggAACCCCAgBkCFBNm5JEoEEAAAQQQQAABBBBwXMCQYiKicKBF+2ur5HW55Ir+86rUt0P1zQGFB8gaCdSpwjVPdYFPJX2qQN08ubyr1dwRkWT31aja1a8oYC9GfzoUOPysVu8+odiq1H0S7bLgMRzQ4dqntDsauz3e3uLNgjgYIgIIIIAAAggggMCICxhRTETOHNTjJUvVkPeo/J2WLMv+d0Lb7wzr0Py5Wlx3fMAFxRX56zS1ep+s4AaVFdhc59W6c41W+O1CI/7T0aadVT+TvzOxInWfxPpMf4yoo3WXqlZ8oK5Qeos308NgfAgggAACCCCAAAKOCBhQTJxTy7MbVDf9Ca15/DZ5uiIq0NS7vq8162/Ry2tfUWv0rIIjpnSCAAIIIIAAAggggEBOCHS99c7aaCPndOposI/hp54hOKdmX7FcFdvU/L+2qcobnxJV6tNufyg+RSn1UMlTlv6vmn3f1qzNfqmpRoV5xfLt3yvftFnaHAqpqeYW5UWnQ33SfWpUR7N8Xq8qdhxW626fSuNTsbxVT+twoCOpw/iUoqrpsala3irV7t8hX6lXXl+zklte2Sn9mCIhv+q7TQWrkK+uWYFwbPpWR/NaTZu1USH9UjWFfyWvb6/2p8bbfC7WdSQkf1IsrlKf6pKnlMVjLvU9q9p4PLHjxf1b90Tjik5Js+M8nDQdLXJCdRVeuSrqkqaSXYmYZwgggAACCCCAAAKZIZD9xYR7sioWVcrTVKOSh2u1v74l/ub4KsBNSzT/BWmx/zNZ1kW1L83TruJHtNV/4So72ZvGq2zTmzqyskgq36n2zjZt+u58bTpxRCs9HpXv/IM6u6ZDpR4qpKZHa3Vg7MNqsKdhdZ7W3glvqnzRTvmjb+al2HSt5Tp2xz/pkt0msELjGp7V5pZQ6sF6LvcXU7hVWx9cpENJU8E6g8uVt+dRLXqxTWG5VVC2XieOrJJH92tn+78puGm+vpsab9l4KfKx6h8p1+zmv9GmoG3YqUsvfElvzZ+rx+s/TirKQmrZ84HGrfqdrM4/qeXRb2qcPfKmp7TuwPWqaTgty/pMwb2T9Vr5Mr2Y8HdPU3VjUFZjtaZm/yu0Z65YgwACCCCAAAIIGCJgwFu1azWhcoNamrbqrsMrdP/cUhWOzZPLZX/qXq/mbp/8x7PmWaznNzyimZ5rJRVoauUyPbnyrLbue7+PT/+HJ9uelT6tqZymfPtwbo+K7yySp+UdfRC8LCk2XeuNu3+iDQtvjbXJv1XVzz2jlZ40+r9qTPa1EAe1tb1cVTXf7JoK5vb8rRYu+JpaDh9XsOti8v76iqijZbuW1N2i9Wtq4oZu5U9boOf2ztYbS7arJWlKmWfBQ/rutALJ/dea+sUbYgf3LNSTa+Zoar798rtWnuK/1UzP+zr8wdmkQqS/cbAdAQQQQAABBBBAYLQFDCgmbEL7+ogntDv4mYJtr+nAgV9oy/eC2lwzV7MKb1NV6gXY07+mW6OFRII/XxMLJyu059dqS3ojnNg6Mo9u5U+coun6SO2nw1LHh2rcE9T0277U9WY/2m++V4XT06gmrhqTVFC2QcHges08+1vV19ervn6/6nz3qbDmlwMM77zaGpsU8kzRpJvtYizxE48n1KTGtvOJlek9RmOUjrUHh3ChfHpd0QoBBBBAAAEEEEBg+AQMKSYSINfKU3SPKisf1PLdx2Rd+oMOrPTq5Zqfal/XrU4TbXt5DJ3UqbP2WQKDfhIxhY+rruorGlv4oJ5791/sUyO6sWKz2nbeLx07qdPxqVZpRx7aqFk32GeAErfidSmvsEZNaR+AhggggAACCCCAAALZLpD1xUTsOyGK5UtcGJyckfxpmlPzgMr1tl59+1T/U2h6fNqefLAsfR6NKaLAvp+q5vAdOnD6lH6z6RFVVlaqsmyCLrZ/NLjAoteMJG7Dm/zYpk32dRX8IIAAAggggAACCBgvkPXFhHvKf9YD5UHtafzwKtc73K4Hbp+krmB7fBIf1un2j+RZcKeKo98lMQp5L/iyKhZ4e071CQfVfiyNC7CvGtMn0fiUOhUq8v904dxnAwx2nIoryuU59r6Oh5LP4kQU9j+t0q4v+xvgYWmOAAIIIIAAAgggkHUCXe+vs27kiQG7p2reMxt1157HtbS2Xv6uN7iXFfLv0apFG3R5y3LNm3pdYg8ptEvrnjoYv+tTh07U+TR/z3/S8z+4XQVXWvXxLHZ9RWzjpwqH/yJF5/x/Lrbqk7AGOmMotuN4lfxgte7es0lP1Z+IXTsQPqH6pzZpcxq1xNVjihcATa9qV8uZ2BmaSEitz/xYS+qOJ8WZuI7DXhXRJ+FPFFFqvBEVlCzS83e/pSWrd6g16m3f0vag1i3fJqVaJx2dpwgggAACCCCAAAJmCWR/MSH7TkJVesm/S5Xj3tVy75j4PP4xKnr2T/r6k6+rYfnM2N2RErkrWaAFX/9IT0215/zfoLK3btXulg2qnJB8QXGicerjdZpy9yNadXmtCvMma+6+k4q4J+tu3wJdtr9n4vpq7TuZ9O3YqbtfZdk9YY6eaVmmmw7dr7H2tQhTN+qjske0pTyNC7CvGpNbBfY3hO+aoXdmTVSefeyJP9Jv/0OVDh5YqeSju6dUyLfqomoKr9f1c/+7TkZ6i/cLqnzmgPbe8Uf5ot55GltySDctfVWvLEuxvkq8fW7ieyb6pGEDAggggAACCCCQSQIuy7Ks5AHZF9SmrErenOXP7S94+7ZmHf17tb+RJd9hYL+xvrtG7b5DfVyLkIUxZfmriOEjgAACCCCAAAK5KpBaKxhwZsKUVMa+ydpbtVsnEvOkolORNmrt5e9q3szo172ZEixxIIAAAggggAACCBggQDGRMUkcr5Ifbtfz05tVFv3SPZdceeXa1nmfGl5ZrKLoF7xlzGAZCAIIIIAAAggggAACyrFpTmQcAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEBivANKfByrEfAggggAACCCCAAAIIdBNgmlM3DhYQQAABBBBAAAEEEEAgXQGKiXSlaIcAAggggAACCCCAAALdBCgmunGwgAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAukKUEykK0U7BBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQ6CZAMdGNgwUEEEAAAQQQQAABBBBIV4BiIl0p2iGAAAIIIIAAAggggEA3AYqJbhwsIIAAAggggAACCCCAQLoCFBPpStEOAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEuglQTHTjYAEBBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTSFaCYSFeKdggggAACCCCAAAIIINBNgGKiGwcLCCCAAAIIIIAAAgggkK4AxUS6UrRDAAEEEEAAAQQQQACBbgIUE904WEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIF0BSgm0pWiHQIIIIAAAggggAACCHQToJjoxsECAggggAACCCCAAAIIpCtAMZGuFO0QQAABBBBAAAEEEECgmwDFRDcOFhBAAAEEEEAAAQQQQCBdAYqJdKVohwACCCCAAAIIIIAAAt0EKCa6cbCAAAIIIIAAAggggAAC6QpQTKQrRTsEEEAAAQQQQAABBBDoJkAx0Y2DBQQQQAABBBBAAAEEEEhXgGIiXSnaIYAAAggggAACCCCAQDcBioluHCwggAACCCCAAAIIIIBAugIUE+lK0Q4BBBBAAAEEEEAAAQS6CVBMdONgAQEEEEAAAQQQQAABBNIVMK6YiATqVOFyyetrVkdfCpETqqvwyuVdreaOSB+tPlWgbp5crmL5ms/10UYyvT9hJYnXgv0LYPprnfjsJGfi30Zee9H/gDIyN/xt5G9j/O0Rr8/Yr+mwvQeNu2bJg8uyLCt5rC6XSymrkjfzHAEEEEAAAQQQQAABBHJUILVWMO7MRI7mlbARQAABBBBAAAEEEHBcgGLCcXI6RAABBBBAAAEEEEDADAGKCTPySBQIIIAAAggggAACCDguQDHhODkdIoAAAggggAACCCBghgDFhBl5JAoEEEAAAQQQQAABBBwXoJhwnJwOEUAAAQQQQAABBBAwQ4Biwow8EgUCCCCAAAIIIIAAAo4LUEw4Tk6HCCCAAAIIIIAAAgiYIUAxYUYeiQIBBBBAAAEEEEAAAccFKCYcJ6dDBBBAAAEEEEAAAQTMEKCYMCOPRIEAAggggAACCCCAgOMCFBOOk9MhAggggAACCCCAAAJmCFBMmJFHokAAAQQQQAABBBBAwHEBignHyekQAQQQQAABBBBAAAEzBCgmzMgjUSCAAAIIIIAAAggg4LgAxYTj5HSIAAIIIIAAAggggIAZAhQTZuSRKBBAAAEEEEAAAQQQcFyAYsJxcjpEAAEEEEAAAQQQQMAMAYoJM/JIFAgggAACCCCAAAIIOC5AMeE4OR0igAACCCCAAAIIIGCGAMWEGXkkCgQQQAABBBBAAAEEHBegmHCcnA4RQAABBBBAAAEEEDBDgGLCjDwSBQIIIIAAAggggAACjgtQTDhOTocIIIAAAggggAACCJghQDFhRh6JAgEEEEAAAQQQQAABxwUoJhwnp0MEEEAAAQQQQAABBMwQoJgwI49EgQACCCCAAAIIIICA4wIUE46T0yECCCCAAAIIIIAAAmYIUEyYkUeiQAABBBBAAAEEEEDAcQGXZVlWoleXy5V4yiMCCCCAAAIIIIAAAggg0KtAooS4JnlrYmXyOp4jgAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAr0JMM2pNxXWIYAAAggggAACCCCAQL8CFBP9EtEAAQQQQAABBBBAAAEEehOgmOhNhXUIIIAAAggggAACCCDQrwDFRL9ENEAAAQQQQAABBBBAAIHeBP4/fUqrpORUncsAAAAASUVORK5CYII="></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Nitric acid is usually produced by the oxidation of ammonia.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>A mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid can be used to convert benzene to nitrobenzene, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce a Lewis (electron dot) structure of the nitric acid molecule, HNO<sub>3</sub>, that obeys the octet rule, showing any non-zero formal charges on the atoms.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the relative lengths of the three bonds between N and O in nitric acid.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State a technique used to determine the length of the bonds between N and O in solid HNO<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write an equation for the reaction between the acids to produce the electrophile, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structural formula of the carbocation intermediate produced when this electrophile attacks benzene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the number of signals that you would expect in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of nitrobenzene and the relative areas of these.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Organic compounds often have isomers.</p>
<p>A straight chain molecule of formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O contains a carbonyl group. The compound cannot be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>A tertiary halogenoalkane with three different alkyl groups, (R<sub>1</sub>R<sub>2</sub>R<sub>3</sub>)C−X, undergoes a S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction and forms two isomers.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the structural formulas of the two possible isomers.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Mass spectra <strong>A </strong>and <strong>B </strong>of the two isomers are given.</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2018-08-08_om_16.37.09.png" alt="M18/4/CHEMI/HP2/ENG/TZ2/09.a.ii_01"></p>
<p>Explain which spectrum is produced by each compound using section 28 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of bond fission that takes place in a S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.i.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of solvent most suitable for the reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.ii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the structure of the intermediate formed stating its shape.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iii.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, giving a reason, the percentage of each isomer from the S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.iv.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Nitrobenzene, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>, can be converted to phenylamine via a two-stage reaction.</p>
<p>In the first stage, nitrobenzene is reduced with tin in an acidic solution to form an intermediate ion and tin(II) ions. In the second stage, the intermediate ion is converted to phenylamine in the presence of hydroxide ions.</p>
<p>Formulate the equation for each stage of the reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>A 4.406 g sample of a compound containing only C, H and O was burnt in excess oxygen. 8.802 g of CO<sub>2</sub> and 3.604 g of H<sub>2</sub>O were produced.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The following spectrums show the Infrared spectra of propan-1-ol, propanal and propanoic acid.</p>
<p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. All rights reserved. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C71238&Units=SI&Type=IRSPEC&Index=3#IR-SPEC [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.</em></p>
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lJ67yiAsLaFi4KxHj16yN9vat2gAMVSlCheWhBcGg5IXBQdHCdOfFP6IC0UaxizPTrQUTNxu3bt5JYBVpjMS1eTav/uUWKhKSeGxo0byxVvywsqkRAcHGxSyw8FILQdoc/4uXMZ8n21+eabbzB79sfFukrp4nTEiJE4fPiwWGM+pYtF+d1vv/22Vd14W7duQYsWLcSSeTggcWHdu/fAqVOnuD4JsxsORoyjK9P4+P2qvaImdGJo1KiRWCpZ1apV5S7g8kBJ8qQLNlNafq5cuSJXGiY0wior65J8X03oNVErSFBQkFhTVO/evbBv3z6xZD7DLhZqJbE0yFH2v6U5ZhyQuDiKZmmqdsZsTakOrExhwB6iK1NqJbGmadue9E/MZWnQoIFch6U8oNL4yhBnU1p+Ll++jC5dusj3GzXyRWpqqnxfTbZu3Sp3QZV0kg8I6CgHn5aikWRKEUEFBTmWjDo6ceKE0SHmpnKRgOQuspJXIyKwuTw8i24tw+YhNjkLBWILYwqyErEyYqDeY6KxOz1X/LR8UPr0uZWE2RJ9nqjpm6qbllWJ1V3RFTg1bSsnfzUx58SgvL/W5iGoAbWItGrVSr7fsGFDuRWrNHQyrlZNI99/4oknsGrVCvm+mtAwe+qCKgkFKnXqeFvcWkdBHAVj+miZpiwx15kzZx4EeJZwjYAk9wDmD5+JpI6R2J2aicyMBCyuF4dJ2newIv222MhAXiI+Cx2B2dfG4OeMC8jM/AWrW8dhVPBc/JBbWhjjeriVhNkSJWvShHg0MR4HIyWjfUNXrpQ8qjbmnhioif7CBfVUprYUBRje3nXk+3SiPnv2TKmBlv7JWGmBUNP8PtRKQcFGWS1dFLBQ14slKAijVjJ9lORrSasZtTC1bt1aLJnPBQKSAuQm78H6/E4YGhoIv2rSU/aohx4hg+GPY9h//IrYrqh7J/fhq9TK6BrYEfXkV+mFds91R438WKzaU75GpiitJFxxkVmLDt40ooYmxDOlud/d0XeP6kKojbknhscff1zOp3B1hlf7ZQVahrkztP2VK5fFkvNRbZRx48aKpZK1bdvWosRkat1r3PhJm114GAtuzOECAcktnDp8EPmaJvCtU0msk55443boVSMb8YmnUb46YSxDH1rKxGbMGuvWrZOT/KisOitbs2bNVNnMb+6JoXnz5nI+haujLhrqelGUFWhRK4BhXZ2cnBvinnPRxQF1CVKOSFmoe8qSz+G1a9dK7dozpxuPWlatDW5cICC5jdyr+UBlL3hW1Xu6HhpU99Eg/1KOFLIUV7FZd7za6g7ityXhd7mHJgdHf9yHbE0vDOhS2KRXntCHij6QauzPZq6BDihU62DKlCliDSsLHXxpyKSaRtvQ+0jPyZwTA+VRUHeHq6MuGv3kT3MDLermun5dHcdQGuVCQ5JLSmbVR9tQMGBubRwa5qzk3Bgytxvv6tWrViW0EhcISP5AziUjbSAeVeFVu7JYMKJaZ7w1fxr8tk7E076U1NoG2qgrCFk8A9p6D1taygulP5syshmzBNXVoK4aUw6A7KGmTYuOUHC2c+fOoWPHsq+q9VE3B3V3uDIlENNXWqClX4NEQdtTq4Ea0FDewYMHiaWyUTBAQYE5aJhztWrVxJJ1KKHYmoRW4gIBiWUKfo/F68GLUHvmdqRmUlLrGSSsCETSyLGISs4RW5UvL7zwgk3KCDP3Q6NqqKYNd9WYj64wLU0otAdqEaCWAXNQLRJ6/13ZrVu3igWHZQVaSg0SBW2vlq4rU7trFBQMmFtx19okVH1UobV27dpiyTIVdBJxX6Wu4ocILUZuGYTYQ5MRUFGsLkhDjDYY79eORMIyLbzF6kLiMet7Y8XBD9DTU8RdRh5Dw4FL8s0334l7ruOf/3wfISEjVXfVxtSNPjdDhryMNm3aiDXMVL/88oucUD58+HCxxrmWLv0Pevd+3uxjwCuvDHHJY57i0KFE6aR4ssj7cOHCebnVeNy418Sah2h76pLQal8Uawq3/+abb/HOO++INc5BweF///tfs56HsddfFvreU8XvWrVqiTUPrV69Wq70a+ox4ZNPPpE+Qy+jQYOG8jJ9njIzzRy5RQGJut3UJc3rq2vYYoYu7sZ9sU7yZ5JuXvv6uhbT43Q3xKqHMnUbxrTVNWz/iS7pT7FKVtL64ho2rC/uqZd0VSvuPbRhwwbdokWLxJJ7MbY/3J0p+yQ+Pl43ZMgQsVS+2eMzcu3aNfl4IV2hizXORe+ldKIVS6XT3x89enQ3+XFqRMc+uumj96SkY7mx7Ykajv10DDf23Epz8uRJ3bRp08SSaUp7rcr+MfU7Y/gdsGQ/ukCXTVU07fAUNPmnkXHprlgHFJw9irhsDfz86qJ4D1h1+LSuK+7rKbiFnMt3gE5Pop7S0lLO0ARJVNCqPBQ5Yo5BNWyolg2zDOXcvPHGm4iOjhZrnIsmi7NkyDblIFC3h6ui6fgNlZbYa2x7tYiLi0Pnzp3FkmlodFFZheD0KUN+bUEZTGHNCBviAgGJBzwDemOQ5kdERn6HtLwC6ZOUho0x65CiCcTovo2NvIhq8H9lAoLuxGHd14nIkkfZ3EXW3u+wNqUVwl/vadDFU37QwbFVq9ZWTbbE3Id09SP/r9SyYZahCfeoz9/ZtYCMJXaaytVrkZibD1HS9l26PO3UUVN0cr90KcvsoJKO/TTKyFRlDfk1Z+QV/S4alWMt10hq9XwWb66OxKALH6FPKx/4tHoek5LaYdbqaQgWI2buJc+Dv087hMUWJjB51AvG3I2TUPPHN9BFHmXzJLp8/AeGxy7GWwFe8jblFWVmWzPZEnMfmzdv5tYRG6CTx9q132LSpDedOo2DscROU5WXWiSGaCSNOQHGY4/ZZtSJpajyb1BQf7FkPlNbx2nIL9UvKYk5I68okKWA1lquEZCgErwDhmPWtjQ5SUa+bZuFkADvBy+gYsBkpGQexTKtsoM9UM2vD8KXJZT4mPKKMrOtmT6auQc6SFMTL7eO2Abtx+jo+Vi5cqWcLB8ZGenw72BZJ5myuHItEvosNzBSDM5wJI2CEkdpdJEhGilC+9FZkpKS0bFjgFgyjzm1Q/Ly8lG3rpHUBj2mzgJtycguY8r7udktUdMdXRVwtw0rza5du+QZa5nt0KgEmiU5LS0dnp6emDzZsfvXlJNMSaj7wpVrkVB3hTk5DCXl2lAuBu1HZ6GZe1u2NF6szBSm5gGVNUyXgjtT57OxxZBfwgFJOcXdNqw0dOU+Z84sOQma2R6dGCdMmCDfd2QXjq1ODK7G1i1Rzkp4VZJDLZ1HypxaJDdu3DA63FdhTnCXkZFR6u8yFQck5RR327DSUPM2jQzhqqz2FRISInfhOEpZJ5nS0BWxGuflMQV1U5iTVFnacbFx48ZywqszUAuVNeXXzUlENWW+I2ppp9osZaGWlLJ+lylsGJAU4Pb1TPyanIxj5/Ogu3cDV2/8KX7GHI27bVhpli79HIGBgWKJ2QvllaSmHnfYHFPWVFu1dsimKzE3gHEUa8uvmzsFQFnvOeXf3L59RywZZ6shv8Q2Acm937B/4RvoF/As+mmDEfL9Sfx5dgNGPzcSkT/8hntiM+ZY3G3DjFFGHFC+A7M/GjFBIyccgfIiDGevdQelJfOaW9q/cuUqTiujn5CQILfQWMrUVi5j8/gYQ8HRxYu/iyXjbDXkl1gfkOiu4udPJiLkiz8Q9O/38NJjhas96nbG33pcxsKwj7Ahs/QIi9kHd9swYyiZddiwYWKJ2Vv37t3lkROuwNwhsmpRWjKvuZPHUZcXBXbOQF2p1oySolYKU2afpsTXkkYf6TNlskFrR3bpszog0WXtx5dLTqPHtH/iH9ouaPh/4gfVWmPojHegxR6s3JMBuTYZcyjutmGGOJnV8Vq0aCFfGNibqVe9pTHlJMXsQ+n6sDavq1evXmUOW6auIWo5Kospkw1aM7LLkNUByf2LZ5Bwvy78m9RCBbFOUaG6NxpXy0fm9XwOSJyEkuq424YpKDil5lVOZnUc2temXLXagrsGFOaOLqIunNJOyPR+UdVbR7I2oVVBXbFltcjRKCJTWo6oC2j37l1iyThru5n0WR2QeDxWAz64jrNZuTCcNlh38TRSbmjgU11jo2QVZq4OHTpwtw17gEZ8DBgwQCwxR6GrVnPyGCxhy6ZzV2PJ6KLSTshU7dbR8/qY2mpRFlOO+aaW2acuoNq165SalE3F04wVmLOE9QFJk+cQ0vsuNi3/HvEX80RQchc3zx/Asg+jEIdnMOjZhhyQOAl9oGh4J3fbMLrioxEfNPKDORZdtdKVpD3ZsumcOR618jz5pPWT3SnH/O3bt4s1xZlagZW0bdu21DwSGvJrq0Rq6+MED1+8OOcTjM5fgmFdh+FTKZDKjnoJ7bu+jA931sbYL2dhRDPbRE/MMpRUx902bOPGjRg7dpxYYo5EeSSUsGhPap691tVQS5Ojy8fbqrgYockeJ02aiOnTp8uVgw27n8wJIkorpU8tJ7aaMZjYoOGiAirWaovgES8AbUbi/anvIDw8FI3oRx2CENSmJsrpTP8ug7ttGL33a9d+jaCgILGGOZKSs2PPeiTmznZbEkd3VdhCSfPSWIpamhxdPt6WLQ1U6TUl5ShGjRolv5Zhw/724Phv7mewtFL6Zc0YbC7rAxJ52O9r0L67HY2fDsTgN8KlgGQKFs58GW3OzMJLo5ci6eZ9sTFzBmrCo0RG7rZxX/Tet2rVmpNZnYgO3GqfK8ac0uNqUtK8NISu8Kk7RM2oBcOWLQ2EvusU4Gi1WrkWzrp16+T15tYNqV69Ron7r6zkYHNZHZDoLsRh8ZJUtAxfhS0zeqAwx9sL7UL/jW+/nIKWR77Af3b/XizhlTlW7969uNvGjW3evFkeccWchw7c9jzZm1IK3B1RNwglveozpXvLkV1g1Cply5YGQ1SVOT4+Xr5/5coVPP744/J9U3h5PV5s/ylslfeisDoguX/lPI7c90Wf51qiWpFxv4+gWruu6FPjKhLOXgG3kTgXF0lzX9RES/kL1HXHnIdGddj7JEetodag4Zv2Tr5Vg7K6t+hnjpzPxtYtDYYoqVqZuZfqijRv3ly+bwpPz8dLzH9KSkpCo0ZygoZNWB2QFA77vYITmdnFh/1ezsSJPB72qwbUfMdF0tzT3r17MXTo36w+WTHr2PMkZ6vkQlvmYThKebjIMrUuiDWUKrw0+R5VYDWVp6cnzp49I5Yeov1eWleZJawPSJr2xui/AP+bOQuLtich/fxFZGWdR3ry/7Do/X/hf+iH0X2f5IBEBXhuG/e0Zs0avPDCC2KJlUe2Ti50JWqdKM8ctkpILo2vr688WobymKgCqzmMFYqzx363Pk6o0BADPvgU4W2OIHLsX/F8187o0uUZPK8di8jk5giPmYoB9ZR68syZ6IDF3TbuRZk63B0nXFMbGq1gr6G/rjgyRs2opciRE+yZUxfEUtRNQ6Nl6DNIn0VzGCsUZ49CfDZouKiAinV7IPzLHYjfvh4rlixEdPRifPH1dsTv/Rzh3erzsF+VUArm2OugyNTn0KFDCA4OFkvMmajb1FjTty1YO209K4q6IRw5wZ4th/yWRMkPos+gJaPtKBlWX3r6KZsX4rNdT0pFTzRs2QU9g/4KrXYg+nRtjYbVOBRRG8q2Xrr0c7HEyrvdu3dz7REVoTwPe9YisZY9W3GcyREtEGpHrT40EsuSCRgp2DWcZI+6fmzdzWSDgESHe1eOYOPC9/Fm2BiEFbu9iaj9RSMr5jyUbU2OHDki/8/KL3qPfX0bc+0RFaFu07Kmc7eEuZPLlcSerTj2QiNUSus6oJYHZYSJwtRuC8qbmDBhgliyD1vM0mwKZUi4JRMwUhIsJcPqo+DG3K6fslgfkPx5AqveGI6Jkd8gJZsH97qCt99+G998841YYuXVgQMH8NxzPcQSK88smVyuPDG368DUbouFCxfKwYy9L+AcMUuzMsrOkq49SoLVL+qnjOqy9cWO1QHJ/VP7sPpnD/Scsxlx62OwbNkXBrf5CO/mvl8UNaJ6FHSF4Ijp0JlzUOLynDmz0KyZ6fUGmP1RrQl7zPrLXRL2QYmts2d/LOfo2IsjE5KpJcaSljRqXaEWEYW9RnXZoIXkLm6hLjq0rMvJqy6CIuXw8MnYtWuXWMPKG6o3QwcfqiHA1MNetSYckRTpjigh3Nu7TrHuCltyZELyrFmzLJrtm84Z1CKiDP21VyE3qwOSR/y6Ylj7i9i08xfc5PrwLqNHjx7yFbSaE+yY5ajeDNWdYepirC+eWcdW+TOGoqMXSN+hwcW6K1yZNV0s1CKitObQZ5gCNVuzvoXkvge8GtfH2YWvImjEVHwcNQ9RRW4L8N3RHLExUwv6YE6bFiFX8WTlC3XXUL0Zmi6AqYs9Tm6OSopUK3vlz9CkdNQyQImb+t0V7kq/u9GS4mqmsD4g+eM3/LzpGO4jH+f2rcaiYgHJl9h7wdo+srvISl6NiMDm8PFpIN9ahs1DbHIWCsQWRhVkIXllBALFY3xajkF0YhmPcSPUHEnvERdKK19Onjwpn6BsnXDG1MsRSZHlBXU7UOVRU9n7e0S1QahGiNrpz8Vkr4kcrQ9IagVh/tkLyMws6ZaM+UH1xMYWyj2A+cNnIqljJHanZiIzIwGL68VhkvYdrEi/LTYylIPkzyZg+I8t8Jl4zIohlzF38AR8lswtNoSK/1Az3Pbt28UaVh7Q6BrurlEne1xtmzt7a1mMlQkvT6jbgSqPmsPe+8QV5hCioIlK3NN+oHwSZdSOLVkfkJTlXi6u5twVC5YoQG7yHqzP74ShoYHwqyY9ZY966BEyGP44hv3Hjdc4KUiPxQdRVzBoxF/QXDym55R3EKJJxFc/nsE9sZ27GzVqFLeSlDNr137N3TUqZY+rbXNnby2LsTLhamZKTRFqMbRmVKGr7RN7oFovtK/PnTuHoKD+Yq1t2SAg0eFe1kGs/vjvGGdYFG3Mi+ju1w3v/nBJbGuJWzh1+CDyNU3gW6eSWCc98cbt0KtGNuITTyNXrHvoNk7H70SKpjf6BOgdADx7YtavF5ASHsAjggTKzKdWEp4FuHygegmtWrXm7ho3ojSjuytTaorYokvLXgEJDdl2hRYS2sd16nhj8+bN6NgxQKy1LesDEiqMNmkMpi36Gtt2bMcO/dvORFzs9CpGPmVNBvRt5F7NByp7wbOq3tP10KC6jwb5l3KkkMXQPdy8flV6TCXk/LIUYS1FDklgBFaWlXfihqiV5NNPPxVLzJVRd03Xrl3FEnMH1IzuCjkIroyG5dqrFgkN2bblFP72REU1qcuxZUvbD/klVgckhYXR/kT7qZuRlv5fhNevhPrhsfg19Ud8PrYT7p/NQ0EVa9oj/kDOpeJtIPCoCq/alcWCoevIPH4RyF6CaV8Cr8WdQWbmGSS8+yhWazmHxBC1klCTJJ3MmGuLi4tDr169xBJTI3vMZ+MKV9jM9VENk02bttgtgLI6INH9kYcr8EXvZ5ri0coN0KZrbfz2Uxoua5qg7/hxGJizAWt+/B1OKVGiGYw5M0ejszd19VSCd48hGOqfiqXrUh5081DuBPUtGt7cDbeSuD4l6c5Vrrbcla3nszF1XpbyyNwRM9Zw964xhTIfmj1U0EnEfYsUpMdA+/xX6LRmPd7vVglHFw7DgCXP4rtD/8BTjxxGVKdgfPXqRhyyOG/jKn6I0GLklkGIPTQZAcovKUhDjDYY79eORMIyLbzF6kIlPAbnERvWH5MOhT5YTx9omq/AEDVLffPNd2LJPSxd+h8pAu6KNm3aiDXMlVA3KfVza7UvijVMjeh7RjMwN2hQ8oRw5njllSE2PVbZ+vnZ04UL57F161aMG/eaWGOc/ms6dChRetwFs74npv4dS9j6/VMLel000tYsFJBY5U6KbsHzzXQdxnym23EyW3cjboauRcP+upk7TujO7Zun+0vDZrqBy0/o7ovNzXdTlzSvr65hixm6uBt6v+XPJN289vV1LabH6W6IVQ/9oTu5fJiuYftPdEl/ilWyTN2GMW11DQcu150s4wk1bFhf3FOvAwcOiHu2cfLkSd2QIUPEkuux9f5wNePHj9elpKSIpULuvk8MqWF/TJs2Tf6u2cK1a9esOlYZ2x+2fH72Rs+Tnm9Z9F/Thg0b5FtJjO0TU/+OuaTASPXHXEu/M5Z8Lq1Paq3UBq9Gv4dOyUswP/4yqj39N7wXmI3PxzyPbsM+wa9tRuMf/ZtY0TdUFU07PAVN/mlkXHo4fLjg7FHEZWvg51cXxWeHqIQ6vk2gyU7C0bN6dUoKbiHn8h1o2vqijvWvvNxR5sKQPoDy/8x1UE4CJcfZszmVqQ91/YwYMVIsqQOXEDCdJTVRyjMbnJYfQbVWI7Bo724sHOgLjyotMSx6HbasWIroJd9ix5rJ6FbLmqRWD3gG9MYgzY+IjPwOaXkFQF4aNsasQ4omEKP7NjbyIqTH9AjDnKB0RH6yDb/Lw2pykb5xNdamB2LOG8+CpxwzjrKoV65cKZaYqzhx4gTeeONNscTUrrzWtKDAODCwn1iyP3tN8mbIcLZbZh/WByT3riI9+SjO3q6Bhk8UjnqpUKUu2vYMgvYv7VDlzEHEp9+wLqnV81m8uToSgy58hD6tfODT6nlMSmqHWaunIbheYW2Se8nz4O/TDmGxYp4IDx9o567Gguab8LwvDfttheDNNfH3jR9CKx7DiqMsarrqcsfEXldGk+nZqzYAsy1bDiG1xwlZf84Sc1FgTHVB7FnV1JC9ZlDWZ4+qpKw46wOSq/sRqQ1B5P7LYoWe+yfx/eiheGPzadwXqyxTCd4BwzFrW9rDkvTbZiEkwPvBC6gYMBkpmUexTKuXiFXND8+Hf4FfxWN+XTYJz/tx20hZhg0bhl27dokl5gq2bt3C1VndlK1PyNb8PqoaS9y9qimzjGUBiS4LP0ROLKzG+s5iHMINHFryj6JVWun26jR8la2BT3WNDSIf5ig9evSQy49zX7BroNYsqqDI1Vndj72m3ncVjhyKa4/6Mawoy+KECnXw1F+6QCMWS/RoY7zwxr8Q+VJTDkhcCJ3YqPw4l5N3DQcPHpRnbmbux15T71vq4sWL8v/nzmXI/9sbValt3bq1WLIvW9ePYcVZGCdUwKPtRuKzZV9g2adh8MZ9eIf9G8toWf/2+Vy81ecJZF/Mc05hNGYxmi2W8hKY+sXHx6Nt27ZiibmTU6dOqapK6/nz5+VRP3l5+WKNOtBsyDQrsto4KinXVVjfcHH//9AANdCgopGQw2Y5JMzR6Gpg4cL53G2jcvT+0HDfZs2aiTXMFdiqq+Hnnw9wZV4T0GzISn6L2jgiKddVWBaQcA5JuUdZ5TSMlLtt1O3kyZPyFSmPAnAd1MVAXQ3W4osFx5bNp+n3zemKovcnNjaW3yczWBYncA6JW+jevTvXJFE5KmJHw0iZ+6Hy52orikaoCyIhIUEs2RcNMXZUMnfdunXN6oqKiYnBpEkT5f+ZaSyME/RySBbMwKuBwXj1vejiOSTLlmDu1L+iZbVHxOOYK+nQoYN0JXecM8tVjGb3dVRSH2NloZwWtXdBULDkiO8MjVRcu/Zb+X9mGssCkryj+C5qAb47mgP8nycatGwMJK5EVNQ8IzexHXM51A0wdOjfkJycJNYwNaFAkXIIlJL/zL2oMSGSPo+OCpDV3BVCheFoKD4VmqRWHGYaywKSPy5gb/SX2HvhlrhvLBBRbmI75pLoC7Vu3XqxxNSEqmKqscmeOY69WiOsTbq9fv26uGc/1GXVv/9AsWR/1appHgxrLsuvv6aiV69e8n16jlz52jSWBSS1gjD/bDLmB9UT90X1VKM3sR1zSTR6g0ZxcGKW+hw5coTzR9yYvYqiWZt0Sy12dMxwhOrVq4t79teoka88rNkUSUnJDya6dORzdHWca8pKxaNt1Ovo0aOcP+KCaFQIjQ6xltqKorGHaCqHRo0ayfetmRvI3dgsINHdzsGlrCxkFbtdRs5tebpd5qJo0jYukqYu1GJFV6GcP+J6aFSILfIK1FYUzdFoCC4NxVUbZRCAUh+G64yYzgYByR1c/GEuXn66PTp36YQuxW4vYMo2x838yGyPJm2jImlMPZT6I8x9qbko2tNPP2v3GX9pCC4NxXUkU3JjqFuHCksy81kdkOh+/x8+CPsUh7xfxnufzEd09AKD22yEtudJv1wZXdFRYhblLDB1oOnrueS0+1JjThclbipBctOmTcvdjL+m5sbQd1M/t6tx48bF6rJQsDZhwgSxxBRWByT3s87g4F0/jHpvOsYNeRFardbgNgDdGpdZQo2pHM1ts23bNrHEnI0OcDx/jftSa1E0R3LkTL/moO+mfrKxsW61VatWycGNowrIuQqrA5JHGrZAj0p3cPOPuzyBXjmmdNvwaBt1oKRINfafM0aMTWZHx47FixeLJes5cqZfc1Buj5LQWpKMjAy5W2vVqhViDSNWByQVaj2PaZ8PxPFp7+HTzfuRlJyM5CK3I0i/ekdszVwVddvQFRmPtnE+pW/eUSWzmX1YE9yrfZZYY5PZUavOnDmznFL5mVosaJi0vdF7akpuD7WODBs2TL5P9U1YIeuTWnW3cT3zPLIu/w9Rrw/Fi9pgaIvcQhC5X52zLDLzDBgwgOe2UYGrV69y0pyLo+CeTtDWcNToDVu3il67dk3ccxwaHk3DpIk1RdvKStY1VqytQYMGRVpCKCBr3PhJObeEUH0TVsjqgKQgYzNmfrANmr/OwBff/RexsRsNbisxtZvti/cwx6OqrTS3jb2z51npDJPmmPuxV1E0YwID+2HXrp1iyTTGqprauhYHneQtmenXmuHyZSXr0lDkdu3aiaVChjNxU0BGFxTuPGS7JNYHJNcv4cR9PwwaNRx9nuqIgIAAg1t7+NWsLLZmro7mttm4caNYYs5AiXDK1RVzT44qikYXH1QzJT39lFhjGnOqmlpDbd2WWVmXyhyKrAQ0lgRT5Z3VAUnFlj3watMrOPzrRdwT61j59corr8izV3Jyq/NQ0lzNmjXFEnNHjiqKppw8TQkuTC1UVp6rlpqSaKu0cCp5eVzc8CHrc0gqVIffsw2x773xGD9zCVZviEVsrP5tM/afzRcbM1dHXyJqbuTkVudRc0Es5hiO+gxQkEEnTVNGg+gXKqNgiYIme6GWG8rnUBsa/WZOy8fs2bPFPUasD0hyjiF2RRLu30/DjmUfYdpbEzFpkv5tOmKOOD6rmtkPJ7c6j1oPxMxxHNk6SUGGJflKFCxR0KTPlnVDqOWG8jkcrbR5aeh9oe4tY91IlMSqjC5yZP6Pq7E+IKkTiLmJh5CQUNJtF+YG8tVcecLJrc7jrAMxsy1rJlyzd1E0w1EhRP+EainqzrDn83aE0kY2lfa+UKuyMrqIJ0UsmQ26bKrAq443vL2VWx3UrHITp5ITkHzqJqrUrAWvKtb/GaYuY8eO4+RWJ1DrhGLMPGqecE1/VIjSqqF/QjWVPeezUeP3gL+b1rNBpHAfeSe3ImrS61iYfBO6m4mYH/JXDBv/OsYPewG93/geZ//kGq7lTVBQkFzkiJNbHcsZE4oxdXFkUTRrqqEaGyJLz9sW5dLV+D0wZYQNodYnaoVixVkfkNxNxZopUxB9xANVK97B1X3fYuGRKgicsxFxX4yF1//+g5UHrc0huYus5NWICGwOH58G8q1l2DzEJmehQGxRugLkJUcj0KcdwmLtPxTNHVA/6RtvvCkncTHH4SG/jDi6hcVYKXhTGAYk5XkqfnOCN8PaJKyQ1QHJ/dM/4bsUL7z03gyEtruPlD37pfChPZ57tjWa9OiDvo+fwPrEc9YNCc49gPnDZyKpYyR2p2YiMyMBi+vFYZL2HaxIvy02KkVeEj6fvhCpYpHZRmBgIJYu/VwsMUegKpNcUMm9UcExR5cbN1YKviyUDEtDXBX02bXV87Y0MLe2RdfYzL0KU0bYcIty6awOSHR/5OEKHkO9JzSokPsrfthyAfB/Dl0a2aoYWgFyk/dgfX4nDA0NhF816Sl71EOPkMHwxzHsP15W1J6D5M9nIyqVhx7bWvv27eX/adpx5hjWVJlk5QPVBFFLufEjR448mDCPTtSltRDQZ9eWz9ucwFxJ1LU2Ibikv1naCBsFtRbZOyHZ1VkdkDxS90l0eeQ3HPgpBacP7sXu/Epo1q8DGlXIx/k9W/G/Gw3wQpv6qCi2N98tnDp8EPmaJvCtU0msk55443boVSMb8YmnkSvWFUddNSswPQp4PXwoeCoy2wsODsauXbvEErMnGuXAQ37LB2opsHSyN2vmYrG1AwcOyLlkxljzGstibmE4e3eRlBVoGLYWMeOsDkgqeD+H1ya1wqHIoeg1Zil+r/kSJg9qjvxdH6LXazG4GfgWxnW3Zsz1beRezQcqe8Gzqt7T9dCguo8G+ZdypJClBHJXzTIgfDrGP1dPrGS2RMmtXLnVMWiUAw/5LR+opUCZ7M1cjmwlUxIwS+qqKK2Cq/5rtPXxQW3FAU1NNDbMqWFFWR2QUKXWjm9/ib3fL8eCJWuwfceHCKpbBY+3GIhZ/4nFluhX0KxKBbGxJf5AziUjbSAeVeFVu7RuIdFVgzDMHtsR5TeVyrm4cqtt0TDJ6dOnSyeCVcUO4o4cXcGYgloXymqNMDa8l/IplKR3pQXBWI0Tcznz4kf/NemjvB4qeVEWnhizdBV0EnHfQjrcu3IUW79dh52Hf5PCB0NV0Tr0fYR3s7QQzHnEhvXHpEOhiD00GQEP+n7EesxEwjItvMXaQtRVswAvaePQL3Y5wgO8cC95HjppY9ApeguWaR+OFacROyX55pvvxD1Wml9++QUHDsRj3LjXxBpmqX/+83288MILyMw8j6ysLEycOBGVKxcG3qtXr5bzdtq0aSMvM9d14cJ5bN261ezvDI10WbBgPv7f/5sp1tjHK68MkY9/yv8lPd9PPvkECQk/S//Pk39OLaYNGjw8vtLneeLEN3Hnzu0Hj1d+p6Us3Xf0d5Xnac2xytjzp/3wyisvF3nt+vbt2yvuFerevYe4V37RfsrMvCCWTEQBiVXupuqWD2mta9iwma7bi6/qxowZbXCbqJu377LY2BJXdHHTu+oatv9El/SnWEXun9AtH9hM13DMBt1FseqBmwm6ef3a6vrNS9DdFKv+TPpE175hW92YDZliTekaNqwv7qnXgQMHxD3nunXrlry/rl27JtY4h1r2h6Vo//Xo0V0s6XTTpk3TjR8/Xizp5J9JV5piyTSuvk9sTS374+TJk/L7ay5LH1eSkvaHcvxT/qe/q/9ZVNDP6fkoz4v+17do0SLdzp07dBs2bNCtXLlSXmftsTUlJcWifUB/15T9V9ZnhH4PHfP0lfWa6PXT7eOPP9bFx8eLta7B0u+MJe+z1V0290/tw+qfPdBzzmbErY/BsmVfGNzmW9E6QqrAs6YGuJOD3Ft6VUcK8nE9Mx+aOl4wbEy8d3IfvkrNRmrUi2gl6pY8qZ2HbOnfjknPwCcsFlliW2Y9atKdNi0CyclJYg2zxIkTJ6QrzP5iCZgxY4b8f2RkpDxRZZ063jypnptzVg4C5axQ7kppjE2mR9NMUGkAU7s0TOHsbg/qeqIuKAWNMiwr2ZzmrqEEXy4bXzrrc0j+vItbqIsOLetaMZKmNFXRtMNT0OSfRsalu2KdFI+cPYq4bI30RalbLD+kYsBkpGRekJuLlNuZ2MmoIf3rG/0TMot18TBr0YFn3br1YolZgoZQduwYIJYKA7158+bJNSAooTAqKkr8hLkrNeYgKEXTKNHUMNmWuhgp74JG4rRsaZv8J1tO0mcJwyJxVDK+Y8eOYsk4CkIoGLHnDMjlgdUBySN+XTGs/UVs2vkLbtqlQrwHPAN6Y5DmR+lK8Tuk5RVIn8g0bIxZhxRNIEb3bWyDqIpZiw48NOGetRNwubOjR48Wq9NAQYlWq5WnKefWkfKjgQ2SO9WirKJpFFT/9NNBm31+rSlnT8EDBRTWoNd75swZsUQtJKeKXEiUxljQxh6y/lx+3wNejevj7MJXETRiKj6OmiddyenfFuC7ozliYwt5Pos3V0di0IWP0KeVD3xaPY9JSe0wa/U0BNcrrE1CSav+XBreqai7gbttLEMjB7jomfuwtC6GI6eup66I/v0HiqVC+iNcTB3tQq9VPxixdtI9S+uw0IzFFDxQQGENGgJNQZEiLi6uzNYfGqVEo3PoObCSWR+Q/PEbft50DPeRj3P7VmNRsYDkS+y9YG2/ZyV4BwzHrG1pD7thts1CSID3gxdQ2E1ztMgIGn1l/ZxZr3v37txtYyGu4MhM4egchOrVq4t7xXMnLP3MGpt0zxyWBu5UnqC0uimmohl9ldYtahG+dCmrzNYf5ef0HFjJrA9IagVh/tmi+RpFb8mYH8RFydxBhw4d5IMFd9uYj2uMMFOoqUqrrVBrya5dO8VS6ejY4uxWBqq9RC1HlPNlmIhemrFjx2HUqFFiiRlj//SLe7m4mvMwGZWVX9Q0SzMAc7eN+bZv3462bduKJcaMc1S3HnWrUL6FKagLac2aNRZPa7Bx40aMHj3KpG4cqlashlaGrl274tixY9i8ebPJ+SMjRozgLtky2CAg0eFe1kGs/vjvGBc2BmH6tzEvortfN7z7wyWxLSvvuNumEPW/m9pPruSPNGvWTKxhzLmoWyUvz7QJSakLiZI1LZ3WQOlGuXr1qvx/aShIoi4TZ+vVqxc+/3ypnBfC3TC2Y31A8ucJrJo0BtMWfY1tO7Zjh/5tZyIudnoVI59yTBIWcz7qtnHn0TYUhLz88svyyILw8HC5hkhZyX/UOkItS5YmOjL3YGoSqb1QlyJ1Ldoa5WPMnv2xSZPPZWVdQt26dcWS81BOSHT0fKxZ8zV/b23I6oCksDDan2g/dTPS0v+L8PqVUD88Fr+m/ojPx3bC/bN5KKhinwolTH3oyzl06N/k8szuhoKwYcP+hrfffluekv2rr76S13/44Yfy/8bQSYaSvwcNGiTWMHdBeQjUkmYqZyc+V6tmmxnB9AMbJcgy9XdbM+SXUB0QmoXYFqjUga2GMrNCVgckuj/ycAW+6P1MUzxauQHadK2N335Kw2VNE/QdPw4DczZgzY+/wy4lSpgqBQcHy82Z7iYiIkIOxqhIHKHgbNKkSXIiIk2WZ8y6devkJl/uW3Y/+iNYXBF1n1BwQYXPiKldKfrBBwVZFJiVNJuwIQooyprorzTUtWRY64eph9UBicdjNeCDu7h5609pqRrqNK4D/HoBl+/qUKG6NxpXu4qEs1dwv3Bz5gboqqFVq9Y4cOCAWFO+UEsItYA891yPB6+RSrtTwl1oaKi8rKCg5L333pMDNMP9QVfHtH7KlCliDWMlo+qg1hb1siXKMaHggkadEEu7UigwMzXIoIDC0lYJHsWmftYHJI06oF+z3xEbsxI70+/Ct3V7aG7sw469J5H584/Yma2BT3WNDZJVmCsJCQmRM9DLGwpGXnxRKx98aa6moUNflocsFtbciTLan6z0N9O2NFSQUK4JJX7PmfPxgwM6Y6WhaqjWFvUyB7VY6J/ElflYjKGuJEsKtpmTpGrKnDGlsVWXE7Mf6+OESm3wavR76JS8BPPjL6Pa03/De4HZ+HzM8+g27BP82mY0/tG/CQckboaSWylZrTwlt1J/N3XLUD0BKudO3SybNm1BUlKynNxW2pUb9Tfv3h2HWbNmyS0rlGtCwYjSvcOYGumfxJX5WIyhVj5LPsvUykLBvSml9KmYmqUjeZhrsD5O+DMTh47Vwvjvt2LhQF94VGmJYdHrsGXFUkQv+RY71kxGt1qc1OpuqKWgvM0AHBMTA19fX7megIICjalTp5rUjEwBzLfffott27bjxx/3cjDCzEIz5toqIdPWzGnlM9bSYqxl0ZCtJha0JgeF2ZfVAcn9Uzsx6+8z8fXpR9HgicryugpV6qJtzyBog56Fn9f/yeuY+ylPMwBTSw/NWDp27FixxnKmHHwZM0T1OspDQqZ+Swt1C1FCqylsFZBZmoPC7M/qgKRCFQ2eeKQAd/Jvc+IqK0KZAdjUAmFqRsOYqcWH8z2YrRhOY6921LJgj+nz9VssSqu1Ym1AZs1wYeYYVgckHnUDMLCPB2In/RUDwqbbZ7Zf5rJoGCzNhunK6CBJo2FeeOEFsYYx65U1bb8ha4e8WotaFmiUi4K6XUxt3TCF4eR9hijHhHJNLEWPjY5eIJaYGlmfQ3LzLH7emSnduYrUHSvsNNsvc1V0Eqe5KlwZ1QqhCbS4VghzJmuGvNoDdbtYEiDpt7SYGmQoLSfWdHfSYykZnamX9QEJz/bLSqGcxM2pSKkmSq0QW+SOMMaKt7SYEmQ4u0otcwzLApLbZ7F/42bsP2va5EvMvVHl1l27dokl10FXZVQrhGqIcO4IcyZKqnb2tPuEnoOthvKXli9iSG1F4Zh9WBaQ5BxBzMTpiDninhOoMfMEBQVh7dqvzToAqUF0dLScA0PJuYw5k3qm3e8mPxdbOHnyZJFWDyqQRoXSjHF0UTjmHNZ32TBWBmpdoAPZ4cOHxRr1o66apKSkYqXgGXMXNAeTvVAgYji7LxVIo0JpxlACrSWVYJlr4YCEOcSAAQNcqpT88uXLMWzYMK4ZwlSBWg4c3WWxZcumUofKWjvqx7A0fWkogZbql7DyzYqA5AYOLfmH3Mde+u1NRO13nbH2zD6olHx8/H6XKCVPz5Gea79+/cQaxpyLWg4c2WVRUqBAQZHSrWLNqB/qnqHvmKnzy1g75Je5BisCkvvITt2HHTu2l3GLx5lcmgmYuTNqaQgPn4xvvvlGrFEvKoJGuSPcOsLcVUmBAgVFJXWrmIO6Z86ePWNSsTJbDPllrsGKgKQG+kb/ZGSYr+GNh/2yQtTiQMmtam8lobopNDKIMbUobzkUnTt3lvNI9Gv7lDSbMA/5dR8ukkNyF1nJqxER2Bw+Pg3kW8uweYhNzkKB2KI4Sx7D7ImucGimXDW3kihl7nm+C6YmasqhyMvLE/csR9+v2bNni6VCJc0mzEN+3YdrBCS5BzB/+EwkdYzE7tRMZGYkYHG9OEzSvoMV6bfFRvoKkJe8BKHaz3ApaDkSMi4gM3U35tShx0zAZ8lcyt5ZaAgwTVKn1iHAVOaeW0eYI5TUIqBm1MWSmprq0LooPOTXfVgWkFR7Ev3Cx6Hfk4+JFfZUgNzkPVif3wlDQwPhV016yh710CNkMPxxDPuPG0uYzcahdd8itcZQvP76s/CmV1mtObRT30GIJhFL16Ugt3BD5mA0BJgmqdu+fbtYoy7UXdO2bVuxxJj9lNQiYAwlgD7xxBNiyfkcWRfFVrP8MvWzMCBphyHhEzGknZdYYU+3cOrwQeRrmsC3TiWxTnrijduhV41sxCeeNhJc1ETPWfuRmTIZARXFKlLVEzUrA/mXcqTfypyF5reheY7U1kpC3TWXLmVxITSmOpQAqpZqwfasT2KMtbP8MtfhAl02t5F7NR+o7AXPqnpP10OD6j4as4KLgrNHEZctXaW39pFCFuYslMhGV1dqayVJTEyUR9cwxoyjobdUn8QeqAWIWoIMqa11iNmPCwQkfyDnkpEOFo+q8KpdWSyYIgcpm/+LFDyHtwe0gn7DCXO8UaNGya0kahpxQwHSs88+K5YYUweqGty//0Cx5FzK0Ft7JJpSCxC1BBlSU+sQsy8XCEhsgZJcV2B61G8Iip6DkX5VxHrmLNRKQq0Rn3/+uVjjXBQYpaYe5+4apkrVq1cX9xxLf1iugpJZjxw54pBEU+pGffppvkhwFy4QkDwKrzqe4r6eglvIuXxHLJRGCkbSVuPt4QuB8IWYq/VxlyhM9WiemK1bt+DAgYdTkTtLcnISd9cwh3N0PoYtUHcr5XU4wq1bt9C0aVOxxMo7Fzg3V4FnTQ1wJwe5t/QqiBTk43pmPjR1vFDybAp3kZW4FG9rP8KFIYsQ81ZnmFaomDkCNf8uW/YFpk171+kJruvWrefuGuZQ1PpgSj7G8ePHTZ7zxRHouVAp98aNG4s1tqV/LKAy9VRmnrkHFwhIqqJph6egyT+NjEt3xTolQVUjfanrlhBk5CItZhJ6DY4qDEY+eL5w+C9TFaXrZt26dWKN41GzMHfXMDUzdc4XR1CeizUT65WEKrJSZVYFlamnMvPMPVTQScR99cr9ARFPjcD6rnMQ++lwNEc6YudMwaT1TyJ697+hrfdwOHChu/g99u94fpJ0kgtagN2LtKhXQjBCFVxL8s0334l7zJ5yc3MRETEdU6dORYMGjr8aio3dIP+v1b4o/8+Yo7zyypAyjzM0Jxi1Jnbv3kOssb8LF87jnXdo7qniz+3OnTs4duwoOnXqLNbYztKl/5GLJyrHgdWrV8sXCm3atJGXmeugzzZNH2MWCkjU747uYtIq3fR+zXQNG9YvvPWbrluRdFF3X2zxZ9InuvYN2+rGbMikBd289mI7Y7f2n+iS/hQPLAFtp3YHDhwQ91xffHy8rkeP7rpbt26JNeazZH/Q36O/e+3aNbGmfClPnxFbUNv+GD9+vO7kyZNiybhp06aVuY2lStof9Pfoe+Fohq/Vnq+9JPydKcrS/WHJOdRFOjEqwTtgOGZtS3s4ad+2WQgJ8H7Q51QxYDJSMo9imVaKrCsGIDxFmdzPyM2wYBpzOsrfoK6byZMnOzSfJDo6Wv67PKyQOYOzRs+UpUGDBpgz52Ox5Dxcg8S9cFYFU40JEyagXbt2DgtKpMhfHuVDo30YcxYaSVIaZ5yUqYvIGUnelDBLSbwKrkHiXjggYaqiBCWvvvrqg5l37YGKTdHonjVrvn5Q7IkxR+vSpYt00j0rloxzp5OyfvIu1yBxPxyQMNWhoGTYsGHS7W9y4GBr1PoSERGB6Oj58jTojKmVs4fDOxPXIHE/HJAwVdJqtXIfdljYGMTGxoq1tkFDjDt27MjDfJnTUS2PhIQEsVQcDYGlobDugmb1pdl9CdcgcT8ckDDVoj5s6lKhOWZefvllOeeDWkys6cqhx3/++VKMHTtWrGHMeexRy8OV0ay+ShVYrkHifjggYapGXSqLFy/G22+/jX379mH58uVyVw7Vj6EghVpPTG3WVrpqZsyYwYlyTBVoNAtVPS2J2qq0OlJaWprcYsLcBwckzCVQawkVTps9ezZ+/HGvPHybggtq3g0M7Fds1mBqCTEMVKirhkYrvPBCH7GGMedSEqpLC6rVVKXV3uj7SaOKyI0bN+QWE+Y+OCBhLotyQCgBNjx8MubOnSvWFmbnU+6J/kgd6u6hrpr33ntPXmZMLfr3H1ikXLo+aiWoXbu2WCr/qOWSRhURrkHifjggYS6vX79+crM3laAniYmJcrEz6uah7p1Vq1ZJyy/zqBqmSlQc7cqVK2KpKGolqFWrllhyD40bPym3eHINEvfDAQlzedTsTSMRLl++LC/TVSW1nlA3D80mfPPmTfz000EeVcNUiWqRKJ9dQ+7YStC1azfs3buXa5C4IQ5IWLlAB/Vffjkm309KSkKjRo3k+zSbMHXrcMsIUyvqkqEg2hh3bCWgJN41a9bIQ/OZe+GAhJULnTt3xuHDh+X7P/98gAMQ5jKoS4a6ZgxRtwV1X7ibtm3byt/hjh0DxBrmLjggYeWCEoDQEGFKEmTMVZQ09PfatWty94W7oa7V3bvjeDScG+KAhJUbQ4a8jLVrv5bnwmHMVVAOlJLIqY8SXR9//HGx5F6oq5W5Hw5IWLnRpk0bjB07jmfvZS6HWkKoRUQfJbo2b95cLDFW/nFAwsqVESNG8Oy9zOXQnC00d4s+KvrHlUqZO+GAhDHGnIzmbMnKuiSWCtGcLlyplLkTDkgYY8zJWrdujdTUVLFUiCuVMnfDAQljjDkZzfqrzOGi4EqlzN1wQMIYY05Gw9YpAFEm2aPJIXn4OnM3HJAwxpgK0PQHyiR7NOTX15fzR5h74YCEMcZUQH+kzZkzZ3jIL3M7HJAwxpgKUIXSpKRk+T4luFKiK2PuhAMSxhhTAZoQkiaGJFRKnkrKM+ZOOCBhjDEVoMTWS5eyHszHxAX+mLvhgIQxxlQiPHwy5syZhfHjx4s1jLkPDkgYY0wltFotMjMvyPkkjLkbDkgYY4wx5nQuEpDcRVbyakQENoePTwP51jJsHmKTs1AgtijOkscwxhhjzBlcIyDJPYD5w2ciqWMkdqdmIjMjAYvrxWGS9h2sSL8tNjJgyWMYY4wx5hQuEJAUIDd5D9bnd8LQ0ED4VZOeskc99AgZDH8cw/7jV8R2+ix5DGOMMcacxQUCkls4dfgg8jVN4FunklgnPfHG7dCrRjbiE08jV6x7yJLHMMYYY8xZXCAguY3cq/lAZS94VtV7uh4aVPfRIP9SjhR+GLLkMYwxxhhzFhcISP5AziUj7RkeVeFVu7JYMGTJYxhjjDHmLC4QkDDGGGOsvHOBgORReNXxFPf1FNxCzuU7YsGQJY+xDRpebC5LHmMNRz5HRz/OEo58jrw/inPkfrSUI5+jox9nCUc+R94fxTlyPzpSBZ1E3FepPCRHDYZ26VNYcfAD9PQUMdS9ZER1CsbS/qtwcFZPFA0/TH+MK7xJjDHGmKuhqsNmoYBE3e7rbsTN0LVoOEy3/OQfYp209uRy3cCGzXQDl5+QtjBkyWOKatiwvrhnHkse58i/Rfg5FsXPsSh+jsXxcyyKn2NR/ByLs+RxLtBl4wHPgN4YpPkRkZHfIS2vAMhLw8aYdUjRBGJ038ZG+p0seQxjjDHGnMU1zsuez+LN1ZEYdOEj9GnlA59Wz2NSUjvMWj0NwfUK64zcS54Hf592CIs9Ly+b8hjGGGOMqYML5JAwZhrKBzK7z5K5Ff6MsLLwZ8R5uOeCMcYYY07HAQljjDHGnI4DEsYYY4w5HeeQMMYYY8zpuIWEMcYYY07HAQlTkVyk745GWMsGcqa7T8sxiIpNRlaB+LGkICsRKyMGFv7c4m3uIit5NSICmz/YpmXYPMQmZ0Hv1zAVss17a8I2BVlIXhmBQPFzH58uCIuKRXLWXbEBU78cJEe9CJ+wWGSJNTJT3lsTtjHlWMTMRF02jDnfHd1vGybpWjQcoJu+4YTuprR8Me5DXb+GzXT95iVIy+SKLm56V13DfjN0G07ekB+jbPOw+q4J29yI001vIf3e6Rt0J29Ka+7/poubMUDX0KCyL1OZmwm6ef2a6VqMWaxLuHhHWnFDd3LDjKKfEVPe2zK3USo9K59Fac3FXboZ0t9uOHC57mThB42p2g3dieWvSe9hfV3DMRt0F8Va095bU7Yx5VjEzMUtJEwdCs5ix5fbkO8/GKHBzVENleDd81WM71sZqV/tw8l70ja5v2Dn+ivwHzocwX40E5G0TY8hGOoPpOz/FZfp95S5TQFyk/dgfX4nDA0NhF816SvgUQ89QgbDH8ew//gV+i1MdaT37dAmLE31xbjXR6CzNxU39ISfdhLeDamF1KWbcCj3ngnvrSnvfzaSd+7R+yxKm3h3RcjQTtKH6BCOX6YPI1OrwpaLCfj3XX8MqiFWPmDKe2vCNqYci5jZOCBh6uDRHKEb05C5MRR+JXwq751Kxpb8Wmjr+8TDD65HfbTr5QvEJ+NEboEJ2+Th1OGDyNc0gW+dhxV7PRq3Q68a2YhPPI1csY6piQc8e87Er5nbER5ApwhFFXjW1AD52ci5Zcp7e6vsbe5l4vCWDGja+qLOgw9RFTRu1xE1kILEEzliHVOf89j43htY/chofBTaBTXF2gdMeW9N2MaUYxEz34N9yZi65CI99nMs2VEFQR+8BP+KBbiVm4M70KCmZxWxDamIx6pLhx35hHTPhG1uIfdqPlDZC55V9T7+HhpU99Eg/1KOdMpiLqPgNxyNywBqPAmfmvdMeG9vl73NrVxcvSNtUtMTVcWPicdjNeAjfS4v5fwh1jD1eRytX/8a3898Ht7Gzm6mvLdlbpNvwnGGAxJLcEDCVKcgPQbBPq3w/KQvca7vaIx52lv6oEoBSU42pFOJAekg4FVd3Ddlmz+Qc8lIG4hHVXjVriwWmGsoQF7KdqxNAfzf7i8Fraa8tyZscysHl4p/iKQTkhdqi/tMrTzhF9BE7mYxypT3tsxtTDnOMEtwQMJUx8MvFBszLyAzIwGL623B4F5/R+zvPLqBGchLwufTF+JcUCSWjGzOBzPGXBx/h5l6KcmG+dvw5Y5zqOJVAxrxo4fu4WbOdXHfA1XL3OZReNWhJDQDBbeQc/mOWGCql3ccMW+/gSi8gdVzg1FPPpKZ8t6asE1VL9Qp/iFCwc0cTlZ0daa8t2VuY8pxhlmCAxKmaoXNpPnIvP4Hqnh6obJ0/2rubfFTIh0Erl8FNDXgVbUiqpa5TdXCJMg7OcjV7+ctyMf1zHxo6ngV6Tdm6lOQdQDRb4/C+xeCsSJmPAJopIxMJLiW+t6asE1VT9SsLG1ylVJgHyq4mY1MeKKO16NiDXM5pry3ZW6jMeE4w6dWS/BeY+qQ+wMiWjZAy4gfoN/DX3hVUg9PN66JSk0D0F9zBccyruHBqURJavR7EvWlE1PFMrephqYdnoIm/zQyLukVOTp7FHHZGvj51S25/5k5WQHy0lZiXK+XMVcORv6BnvLwX0VVE95bE7ap6IMO/X2RfywDlx58iG7j7NEkZKMR/OrzJ8RlmfLemrBN2ccZPrVagvcaUwdPfwwe1xn569difZoISfLSsDFmHVJajcC4FxrAw7MN+gyqhZTIKKyQt8lF+sbVWJvyOIJG90YT+jSXuY0HPAN6Y5DmR0RGfoe0POlwovwdTSBG923MXwqVKvh9I6Zop2EHBiP6S8NghJjy3pqyTQ0E9OkNTcoiRK44jjwKhNK3IWbtIWiChqBvE/2RFcy1mPLemrCNKcciZj5RII0x57t/UZe04RPdmBb1dQ2pwmLDzrox83YUVtMU7l9M0K2YTlU1lW0G6KavSNBd1CuNWPY2d3QXk1bpplPlRWWbftN1K5IucoVF1bqpS5rXV+89Nbz11c1Lopqapry3JmxDn8UV03X9lJ9TNdjpq3RJcoVY5hL+TNLNay+9d0UqtUpMeW9N2MaUYxEzD8/2yxhjjDGn44YlxhhjjDkdBySMMcYYczoOSBhjjDHmdByQMMYYY8zpOCBhjDHGmNNxQMIYY4wxp+OAhDHGGGNOxwEJY4wxxpyOAxLGnO420mOGw8enH6KS88S6QgXpMQj2aQCflu/jh9wHs2ZIlMcMR0y6/gRf5VBWLMKkfeAflYx7YpX9Fe5fw7mVHK8AecnRCAyLRZZYw1h5xQEJY05XBU269oE/MhB39LeHk3VJJ8XT8TuRQnfz92Bncra8ttAVHN9/DPDvg648t4rtFZxD/PosDOrTBp5ilePlIn33Arw9/F9IFWsYK884IGFMBTzq+KKtJh/p6RfxsI0kD7+ln4Pm5VfxtxoGM4vmnkZifDY0bX1Rh7/Ftpd3UXovvJ0/s+8jAXhn8VuoIRYZK8/4UMaYGsizh/oif0syTin9Erm/YOf6XHTtNhh/6V8LKet/wmkRkRRcysCxfF9xBU+zkf6AmIiB8KHuHfk2EBErE5FVUIDcH95Hy2JdO6LL50FX0F1kJa9GRGBz8fguCIvaiXSaDZfI3SbtEBq1Fisf/J3mCIyINdjGsGvlPGLD2sHHfx6S792TNplY+Ny+/DfCWorn2nIMohPTkLY7+uG6wPcRm160s+TO8a2ICusi/rby+sQPJQVZiXrPrQFahkVj94PfofztfggL6ye2Kam7S9pnyXuw3q+U1qeCLCSvjECg+FtFno+8H2jfLNB7vtL+jN6P9LSdRV9DbJpeAGrIE349u8HP8xGxzFj5xgEJY6rghRad/YHsJBw9W3iSvHcqGVvy26Jb6xZiOvRDOH6ZTvX3cPn4IaSgkXwFL0/LH/wa1j7yNhIyLiAz4xDWTamN9RHhmL83W0y3fwjr4889bGGRuyQOQTOoNwI8gbzkJQjVfoZLQcvl35GRMAf1tk9E8JSN+P3Bg7KxJ2o1TnSei9TMM0hYEQKslLaZs9fMPIvDWPntHYyIO4PM1A0Ib7Qfcwc/D+3XlfCatC4j4SuE4htMemc90vUCjvwdG5HWbbn4208hKWIEQj9LLDyh5yXis9ARmH2pP9YlSL83IwGL6+3EqOAZiP39rvz4QscRjxHYmXoKCRunI9BowJGN5J3x8Bv0TAnTyOcg+bMJ0EYcRZcVCcjITMXOmfWl/T0C41akiX2cj9SV23F9RKz0818QG14fO+YOxfPatXjktY3IkJ7filBp902aie/TTxUGbQ+CG7q1Q1jsefk3MeYuOCBhTBUqonbrTvDHOaT/RqfY2zh7NAnZco5IVXi2CEBXKQRJPJEj/SwHJxJTRP4IcHrHd9ia3wlDQ7rCm77RHt7o+Jfu8EMGthzOxD259cWgheX0T1ifUquwhaUgHd9/sBCp/q9j6sRn5d/h4d0LU959Bdg6Fwv3Xi18kEQT8g6mapujGirBu8cQDPXXFG3VMYkvQt4dj57elYBqbTFgaCd53aARL6GztM7D+ylo+/kCDwKwQpqg6Zg5snXh3+45EbPDWyF16SYcyr2F9O8/RVRqJ0ydGir/DnjUQ88p7yAE6zBt4QG9gKkGug7oiebVqsDbv3Xh/jJUcA0Zx4C2vk8YP0DmpmDd0kR5X0zpWU/axhPNQ5fg18w0bAxt/uAxD3/uBf8Bf5XeW2ndoBCEdvaGh/T8uml7Sc/mGPYfrwztsqPIzJSCyQe3o1imbVj4ixhzE0a/b4wxx/No3A69aoggQrRg1OjVDo3pW1q7Jbr5X8H6nb8gVz5hXhH5I1XgF7paOoEtRtffdiI2Nhax6+dhXPB7hcmwshqiheW/2JxCAY1IltX0Rp+AGsDlX7E/Jf/h35JJp1k5CBLPR6ytXNMTVcV9eFSFV+3KYsEcGtT0VFomKuIxr+rS//7o3MKrcJVRGvg93VIvgPBE0w5tock/iMOnzhUm+NboiHaN9Vo8PJugc9caBgFTXbT2ob9XMjlYS+9auG+MKGy5kp6PX10pOCqZ/r7yeMwLtSkY6tzEiUmyjKkbBySMqUVFH3To74vsuKM4m0tJlbXQv4OPdMqWeDRC10GdkH8sA5eyKIAQrRvSjwqyduP9wM54fuSH2EzdPR5+GLH4/6EvPU4mBRdyt00ilq5LkQIa/e4aDxTczMFlaavsqGA8qd9t0GUidhT+AhWojNpeVfUOWB6o6uklrZXcz0fO5TvSC5gH7ZN6z9/nGUzaoT8yyRSFwVq62DclM3w+9lMxYDJSlmnhLZYZK684IGFMNUQeSXo6ju3ZifUQLRiyKmjcriNqpPyMfTt+QrzIHwGuYu/8fyLmXCCif96PZeFDodUORI/6j8hBxgNK0uz6PUhM2v+wu0b6UeHVuwb+M3cjo0i3QeEtJTygMChSlQLcys2BFIYAj2gKW2r8P8JuyqExfA0pkxFg8gugkU1ZZbZ+UJ7JobNXHFgXhbHyjwMSxlRD5JHkb8LSpT8i3+9J1K/28CtasWkA+msO4Nu18ch/UH/kD+RcygX8OqA15U7ICpD32xmki6VCotsm/yC+/s+3D7triNwdhCI5JqSwKFtzBMcoiZoWEMOTrZeN+MTTerkglHi6B/map9ChaSO07tZWegE7EX9ab9RMQRpigpvDJzimSHJsqeSRTd4Y1LVRiQfHwvcBuHM1F7fEOsaY9TggYUxFPJo8g0H+d5CaegX+hqM85FYOT+lnGXr1Rx6DT+sm0slYyQ+h4btfI/Ljb5AvLT08aSrdNsexY8fxB901hT9qjL6jA6FJWYTIBQfkoasFWQewIHIRUlq9gQ9e8jPtQCEHNhpkL12KVWlS6FCQhcSYlVhPT8QG8ld+gkh5mKz0Gn9Ygo9X3kXQnDD08KyKJn2HIEjzIyIjY5CYdbfwby/4FyJTWiH8Ay38THoBJgz3JZ7+GDyus/x85v7wu/QoKQBMWykPWXZ+ZVfGXJdJX1PGmIN4PAHftrWkO52MXKWLLh0akfKggqgXAsZ+jOiQe4jStoGPz5PoMj0Vfn+fg3AaAUM5J0rrgOi2Kfp4Ugn1tP9GXOxbqLN1FLr4NoBvl1HYWuctxMaMR4BeK02pPJpj5NLlmNI1Ge/3aQUf32D8534HDGqlERtYQ4NWIV2BJcFoRa9x5EF0jF6JuVofeR951NNiUdwGTK+zBYO7PCn97U4YvNUb02MX462A0pJl9d3FpYzTNLymjGJz0j5/azFiZ7VDwsgu8PXxQas+36LO1FXYOK0HJ60yZqEKOom4zxhjjDHmFNxCwhhjjDGn44CEMcYYY07HAQljjDHGnI4DEsYYY4w5HQckjDHGGHM6DkgYY4wx5nQckDDGGGPM6TggYYwxxpjTcUDCGGOMMafjgIQxxhhjTgb8fx2oD08R9YjEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of </em><em>the United States of America. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C79094&Units=SI&Mask=80#IR-Spec [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.</em></p>
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"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection © 2021 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. Available at: https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=propanal&Units=SI&cIR=on&cTZ=on#IRSpec [Accessed 6 May 2020]. Source adapted.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the empirical formula of the compound using section 6 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the molecular formula of this compound if its molar mass is 88.12 g mol<sup>−1</sup>. If you did not obtain an answer in (a) use CS, but this is not the correct answer.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify each compound from the spectra given, use absorptions from the range of 1700 cm<sup>−1</sup> to 3500 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Explain the reason for your choice, referring to section 26 of the data booklet.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the number of <sup>1</sup>H NMR signals, and splitting pattern of the –CH<sub>3</sub> seen for propanone (CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>) and propanal (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO).</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict the fragment that is responsible for a <em>m/z</em> of 31 in the mass spectrum of propan‑1‑ol. Use section 28 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, reacts with oxygen in welding torches.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Ethyne reacts with steam.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (g) + H<sub>2</sub>O (g) → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two possible products are:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/4c.PNG" alt width="316" height="190"></span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Product <strong>B</strong>, CH<sub>3</sub>CHO, can also be synthesized from ethanol.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of ethyne.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Compare, giving a reason, the length of the bond between the carbon atoms in ethyne with that in ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identify the type of interaction that must be overcome when liquid ethyne vaporizes.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the name of product <strong>B</strong>, applying IUPAC rules.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ, to produce <strong>A</strong> using section 11 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The enthalpy change for the reaction to produce B is −213 kJ.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving a reason, which product is the most stable.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The IR spectrum and low resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of the actual product formed are shown.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/1civ.PNG" alt width="606" height="608"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">Deduce whether the product is </span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">A</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;"> or </span><strong style="color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">B</strong><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px;white-space: normal;">, using evidence from these spectra together with sections 26 and 27 of the data booklet.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Identity of product:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from IR:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One piece of evidence from <sup>1</sup>H NMR:</span></span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the splitting pattern you would expect for the signals in a high resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2.3 ppm:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">9.8 ppm:</span></span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest the reagents and conditions required to ensure a good yield of product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Reagents: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Conditions:</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the average oxidation state of carbon in product <strong>B</strong>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain why product <strong>B</strong> is water soluble.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Carbon forms many compounds.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>C<sub>60</sub> and diamond are allotropes of carbon.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Chlorine reacts with methane.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">CH<sub>4</sub> (g) + Cl<sub>2 </sub>(g) → CH<sub>3</sub>Cl (g) + HCl (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline <strong>two</strong> differences between the bonding of carbon atoms in C<sub>60</sub> and diamond.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why C<sub>60</sub> and diamond sublime at different temperatures and pressures.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State two features showing that propane and butane are members of the same homologous series.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe a test and the expected result to indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw the full structural formula of (Z)-but-2-ene.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for the reaction between but-2-ene and hydrogen bromide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the type of reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> differences in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR of but-2-ene and the organic product from (d)(ii).</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Predict, giving a reason, the major product of reaction between but-1-ene and steam.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain the mechanism of the reaction between 1-bromopropane, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Br, and aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq), using curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs.</p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the splitting pattern in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum for 1-bromopropane.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, Δ<em>H</em>, using section 11 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Draw and label an enthalpy level diagram for this reaction.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>Iron may be extracted from iron (II) sulfide, FeS.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Iron (II) sulfide, FeS, is ionically bonded.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The first step in the extraction of iron from iron (II) sulfide is to roast it in air to form iron (III) oxide and sulfur dioxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline why metals, like iron, can conduct electricity.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Justify why sulfur is classified as a non-metal by giving <strong>two</strong> of its chemical properties.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Sketch the first eight successive ionisation energies of sulfur.</p>
<p><img style="display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;" 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" width="480" height="394"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Describe the bonding in this type of solid.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State a technique that could be used to determine the crystal structure of the solid compound.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the full electron configuration of the sulfide ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Outline, in terms of their electronic structures, why the ionic radius of the sulfide ion is greater than that of the oxide ion.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why chemists find it convenient to classify bonding into ionic, covalent and metallic.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write the equation for this reaction.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce the change in the oxidation state of sulfur.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest why this process might raise environmental concerns.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Explain why the addition of small amounts of carbon to iron makes the metal harder.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br>