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<h2>HL Paper 2</h2><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">This question is about the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water and oxygen when a catalyst such as potassium iodide, KI, is added.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br>2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (aq) <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="\xrightarrow{{{\text{KI (aq)}}}}">
<mover>
<mo>→</mo>
<mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em">
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>KI (aq)</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mpadded>
</mover>
</math></span> O<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest why many chemicals, including hydrogen peroxide, are kept in brown bottles instead of clear colourless bottles.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">In a laboratory experiment solutions of potassium iodide and hydrogen peroxide were mixed and the volume of oxygen generated was recorded. The volume was adjusted to 0 at t = 0.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/4bi_1.PNG" alt width="427" height="250"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The data for the first trial is given below.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/4bi_2.PNG" alt width="398" height="220"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Plot a graph on the axes below and from it determine the average rate of<br>formation of oxygen gas in cm<sup>3</sup> O<sub>2</sub> (g) s<sup>−1</sup>.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="images/4bi_3.PNG" alt width="388" height="614"></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Average rate of reaction:</span></span></span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two more trials (2 and 3) were carried out. The results are given below.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img 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"></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the rate equation for the reaction and its overall order, using your answer from (b)(i).</span></span></p>
<p>Rate equation: </p>
<p>Overall order: </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Additional experiments were carried out at an elevated temperature. On the axes below, sketch Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curves at two temperatures T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub>, where T<sub>2</sub> > T<sub>1</sub>.</span></p>
<p><img src="images/4biii.PNG" alt width="583" height="382"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Apart from a greater frequency of collisions, explain, by annotating your graphs in (b)(iii), why an increased temperature causes the rate of reaction to increase.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">MnO<sub>2</sub> is another possible catalyst for the reaction. State the IUPAC name for MnO<sub>2</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(v).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Comment on why peracetic acid, CH3COOOH, is always sold in solution with ethanoic acid and hydrogen peroxide.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (aq) + CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (aq) ⇌ CH<sub>3</sub>COOOH (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (l)</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Sodium percarbonate, 2Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>•3H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, is an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide and is used as a cleaning agent.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">M<sub>r</sub> (2Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>•3H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) = 314.04</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the percentage by mass of hydrogen peroxide in sodium percarbonate, giving your answer to two decimal places.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Rhenium, Re, was the last element with a stable isotope to be isolated.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Before its isolation, scientists predicted the existence of rhenium and some of its properties.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">One chloride of rhenium has the empirical formula ReCl<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Rhenium forms salts containing the perrhenate(VII) ion, ReO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The stable isotope of rhenium contains 110 neutrons.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the nuclear symbol notation <span class="mjpage"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}{\text{X}}">
<msubsup>
<mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>Z</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mtext>A</mtext>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mtext>X</mtext>
</mrow>
</math></span> for this isotope.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest the basis of these predictions.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A scientist wants to investigate the catalytic properties of a thin layer of rhenium </span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">metal on a graphite surface.<br></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe an electrochemical process to produce a layer of rhenium on graphite.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict <strong>two</strong> other chemical properties you would expect rhenium to have, given its position in the periodic table.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe how the relative reactivity of rhenium, compared to silver, zinc, and copper, can be established using pieces of rhenium and solutions of these metal sulfates.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the name of this compound, applying IUPAC rules.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the percentage, by mass, of rhenium in ReCl<sub>3</sub>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest why the existence of salts containing an ion with this formula could be predicted. Refer to section 6 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the coefficients required to complete the half-equation.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ReO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> (aq) + ____H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + ____e<sup>−</sup> ⇌ [Re(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (aq) + ____H<sub>2</sub>O (l) E<sup>θ</sup> = +0.36 V</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving a reason, whether the reduction of ReO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> to [Re(OH)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> would oxidize Fe<sup>2+</sup> to Fe<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous solution. Use section 24 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p>When heated in air, magnesium ribbon reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The reaction in (a)(i) was carried out in a crucible with a lid and the following data was recorded:</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible and lid = 47.372 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon before heating = 53.726 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Mass of crucible, lid and product after heating = 56.941 ±0.001 g</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>When magnesium is burnt in air, some of it reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride according to the equation:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">3 Mg (s) + N<sub>2 </sub>(g) → Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2 </sub>(s)</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>The presence of magnesium nitride can be demonstrated by adding water to the product. It is hydrolysed to form magnesium hydroxide and ammonia.</p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p>Most nitride ions are <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Identify a metal, in the same period as magnesium, that does <strong>not</strong> form a basic oxide.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate the amount of magnesium, in mol, that was used.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the percentage uncertainty of the mass of product after heating.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Assume the reaction in (a)(i) is the only one occurring and it goes to completion, but some product has been lost from the crucible. Deduce the percentage yield of magnesium oxide in the crucible.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Evaluate whether this, rather than the loss of product, could explain the yield found in (b)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest an explanation, other than product being lost from the crucible or reacting with nitrogen, that could explain the yield found in (b)(iii).</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Calculate coefficients that balance the equation for the following reaction.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Ammonia is added to water that contains a few drops of an indicator. Identify an indicator that would change colour. Use sections 21 and 22 of the data booklet.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> and in NH<sub>3</sub>.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Deduce, giving reasons, whether the reaction of magnesium nitride with water is an acid–base reaction, a redox reaction, neither or both.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the number of subatomic particles in this ion.</p>
<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Some nitride ions are <sup>15</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>. State the term that describes the relationship between <sup>14</sup>N<sup>3–</sup> and <sup>15</sup>N<sup>3–</sup>.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>The nitride ion and the magnesium ion are isoelectronic (they have the same electron configuration). Determine, giving a reason, which has the greater ionic radius.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest, giving a reason, whether magnesium or nitrogen would have the greater sixth ionization energy.</p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>Suggest <strong>two</strong> reasons why atoms are no longer regarded as the indivisible units of matter.</p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p>State the types of bonding in magnesium, oxygen and magnesium oxide, and how the valence electrons produce these types of bonding.</p>
<p><img 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"></p>
<div class="marks">[4]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">g.</div>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper forms two chlorides, copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Two electrolysis cells were assembled using graphite electrodes and connected in series as shown.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper(I) chloride undergoes a disproportionation reaction, producing copper(II) chloride and copper.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">2Cu<sup>+</sup> (aq) → Cu (s) + Cu<sup>2+</sup> (aq)</span></p>
</div>
<div class="specification">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Dilute copper(II) chloride solution is light blue, while copper(I) chloride solution is colourless.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the electron configuration of the Cu<sup>+</sup> ion.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Copper(II) chloride is used as a catalyst in the production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">4HCl (g) + O<sub>2</sub> (g) → 2Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, in kJ, for this reaction, using section 12 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The diagram shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution and potential energy profile for the reaction without a catalyst.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Annotate both charts to show the activation energy for the catalysed reaction, using the label <em>E</em><sub>a (cat)</sub>.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><img style="margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;display: block;" 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" width="657" height="313"></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Explain how the catalyst increases the rate of the reaction.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">a(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Solid copper(II) chloride absorbs moisture from the atmosphere to form a hydrate of formula CuCl<sub>2</sub>•<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>H<sub>2</sub>O.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">A student heated a sample of hydrated copper(II) chloride, in order to determine the value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>. The following results were obtained:</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Mass of crucible = 16.221 g<br>Initial mass of crucible and hydrated copper(II) chloride = 18.360 g<br>Final mass of crucible and anhydrous copper(II) chloride = 17.917 g</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the value of <em><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math></em>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">b.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State how current is conducted through the wires and through the electrolyte.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Wires: </span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Electrolyte:</span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Write the half-equation for the formation of gas bubbles at electrode 1.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bubbles of gas were also observed at another electrode. Identify the electrode and the gas.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Electrode number (on diagram):</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Name of gas: </span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce the half-equation for the formation of the gas identified in (c)(iii).</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">c(iv).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Determine the enthalpy of solution of copper(II) chloride, using data from sections 18 and 20 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">The enthalpy of hydration of the copper(II) ion is −2161 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">d.</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the cell potential at 298 K for the disproportionation reaction, in V, using section 24 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(i).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Comment on the spontaneity of the disproportionation reaction at 298 K.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(ii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change, Δ<em>G</em><sup>θ</sup>, to two significant figures, for the disproportionation at 298 K. Use your answer from (e)(i) and sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iii).</div>
</div>
<div class="question" style="padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Suggest, giving a reason, whether the entropy of the system increases or decreases during the disproportionation.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(iv).</div>
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<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce, giving a reason, the sign of the standard enthalpy change, Δ<em>H</em><sup>θ</sup>, for the disproportionation reaction at 298 K.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(v).</div>
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<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Predict, giving a reason, the effect of increasing temperature on the stability of copper(I) chloride solution.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">e(vi).</div>
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<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Describe how the blue colour is produced in the Cu(II) solution. Refer to section 17 of the data booklet.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[3]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(i).</div>
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<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Deduce why the Cu(I) solution is colourless.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(ii).</div>
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<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">When excess ammonia is added to copper(II) chloride solution, the dark blue complex ion, [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>, forms.</span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">State the molecular geometry of this complex ion, and the bond angles within it.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Molecular geometry:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Bond angles: </span></span></p>
<div class="marks">[1]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iii).</div>
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<p><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Examine the relationship between the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis definitions of a base, referring to the ligands in the complex ion [CuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>.</span></p>
<div class="marks">[2]</div>
<div class="question_part_label">f(iv).</div>
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