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</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p>A reaction takes place when a rechargeable battery is used:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Pb(s) + PbO<sub>2</sub>(s) + 4H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + 2SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>(aq) → 2PbSO<sub>4</sub>(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
<p>Which statements are correct?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 90px;">I. H<sup>+</sup> is reduced<br>II. The oxidation state of Pb metal changes from 0 to +2<br>III. PbO<sub>2</sub> is the oxidising agent</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
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[N/A]
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<p>Which statement is correct for a voltaic but <strong>not</strong> for an electrolytic cell?</p>
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<div class="column">A. An electrolyte is required.<br>B. The anode is where oxidation occurs.<br>C. Ions move in the electrolyte.<br>D. Electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.</div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which element is reduced in the following decomposition?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(s) → N<sub>2</sub>(g) + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(s) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O(g)</p>
<p>A. N</p>
<p>B. H</p>
<p>C. Cr</p>
<p>D. O</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which change represents oxidation?</p>
<p>A. HClO<sub>4</sub> to HClO<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>B. N<sub>2</sub> to NH<sub>3</sub></p>
<p>C. N<sub>2</sub>O to NO</p>
<p>D. SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> to SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup></p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">What is the correct order of reaction types in the following sequence?</p>
<p class="p1"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-21_om_10.50.10.png" alt="M11/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/36"></p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>A</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>What is the name of \({\text{Mn}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\)?</p>
<p>A. Manganese(II) oxide</p>
<p>B. Magnesium(II) oxide</p>
<p>C. Manganese(IV) oxide</p>
<p>D. Magnesium(IV) oxide</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">The following equations indicate reactions that occur spontaneously.</p>
<p class="p1">\[\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{\text{Fe(s)}} + {\text{NiC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{Ni(s)}}} \\ {{\text{Zn(s)}} + {\text{FeC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{ZnC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{Fe(s)}}} \\ {{\text{Ni(s)}} + {\text{PbC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{NiC}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{Pb(s)}}} \end{array}\]</p>
<p class="p1">Which is the <strong>increasing </strong>order of the reactivity of the metals?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Fe}} < {\text{Ni}} < {\text{Zn}} < {\text{Pb}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Pb}} < {\text{Ni}} < {\text{Fe}} < {\text{Zn}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Ni}} < {\text{Zn}} < {\text{Pb}} < {\text{Fe}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Zn}} < {\text{Fe}} < {\text{Ni}} < {\text{Pb}}\)</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Consider the following half-equations:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 90px;">I<sub>2</sub> (s) + 2e<sup>–</sup> \( \rightleftharpoons \) 2I<sup>–</sup> (aq) <em>E</em><sup>θ</sup> = +0.54 V<br>(brown) (colourless)</p>
<p style="text-align: left; padding-left: 90px;">MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> (aq) + 8H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + 5e<sup>–</sup> \( \rightleftharpoons \) Mn<sup>2+</sup> (aq) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O (l) <em>E</em><sup>θ</sup> = +1.51 V<br>(purple) (colourless) </p>
<p>Which statement is correct for the reaction between KMnO<sub>4</sub> (aq) and KI (aq) in acidic conditions?</p>
<p>A. MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> reduces I<sup>–</sup> to I<sub>2</sub>.</p>
<p>B. I<sup>–</sup> reduces MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> to Mn<sup>2+</sup>.</p>
<p>C. The colour changes from brown to purple.</p>
<p>D. MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup> is oxidized to Mn<sup>2+</sup>.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>B</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which is a redox reaction?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({{\text{[Cu(}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{]}}^{2 + }}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{4C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{[CuC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{]}}^{2 - }}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{4}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{A}}{{\text{g}}^ + }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{AgCl(s)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{Zn(s)}} + {\text{2HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{ZnC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{2}}{{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{Cr}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{2HCl(aq)}} \to {{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}} + {\text{2KCl(aq)}}\)</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">C</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<p>Applying IUPAC rules, what is the name of MnO<sub>2</sub>?</p>
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<div class="column">A. Magnesium(II) oxide<br>B. Manganese(II) oxide<br>C. Magnesium(IV) oxide<br>D. Manganese(IV) oxide</div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Consider the following reaction.</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{MnO}}_4^ - ({\text{aq)}} + 8{{\text{H}}^ + }({\text{aq)}} + 5{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{2 + }}({\text{aq)}} \to {\text{M}}{{\text{n}}^{2 + }}{\text{(aq)}} + 5{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{3 + }}({\text{aq)}} + 4{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">Which statement is correct?</p>
<p class="p1">A.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MnO}}_4^ - \) is the oxidizing agent and it loses electrons.</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MnO}}_4^ - \) is the reducing agent and it loses electrons.</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MnO}}_4^ - \) is the oxidizing agent and it gains electrons.</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{MnO}}_4^ - \) is the reducing agent and it gains electrons.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species are the oxidizing and reducing agents in the following reaction?</p>
<p>\[{\text{SO}}_3^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{Pb}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(s)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}} \to {\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{Pb(OH}}{{\text{)}}_2}{\text{(s)}}\]</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_09.09.49.png" alt="M14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/31"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which compounds can be reduced?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 90px;">I. C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub><br>II. CH<sub>3</sub>COOH<br>III. CH<sub>3</sub>CHO</p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which species are produced at each electrode during the electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide, \({\text{PbB}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(l)}}\)?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-21_om_08.37.38.png" alt="N14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/31"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>Candidates needed to notice that it is the “species produced” that is required. Many gave B, the <em>ions </em>attracted to the electrodes or A, the wrong ions attracted to the electrodes.</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which are correct statements about a voltaic cell?</p>
<p class="p2">I. A spontaneous redox reaction occurs which converts chemical energy to electrical energy.</p>
<p class="p1">II. Oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (anode).</p>
<p class="p1">III. Electricity is conducted by the movement of electrons through the salt bridge.</p>
<p class="p1">A. I and II only</p>
<p class="p1">B. I and III only</p>
<p class="p1">C. II and III only</p>
<p class="p1">D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">A</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Consider the following reaction.</p>
<p>\[{\text{2Cr(OH}}{{\text{)}}_3}{\text{(s)}} + {\text{6Cl}}{{\text{O}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{2CrO}}_4^{2 - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{3C}}{{\text{l}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\]</p>
<p>Which statement is correct?</p>
<p>A. \({\text{Cr(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}}\) is the oxidizing agent and the oxidation number of chromium changes from +3 to +6.</p>
<p>B. \({\text{Cr(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}}\) is the reducing agent and undergoes reduction.</p>
<p>C. \({\text{Cl}}{{\text{O}}^ - }\) is the oxidizing agent and the oxidation number of chlorine changes from +1 to 0.</p>
<p>D. \({\text{Cl}}{{\text{O}}^ - }\) is the reducing agent and the oxidation number of chlorine changes from –1 to 0.</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>C</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which represents a redox reaction?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{NaH(s)}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O(l)}} \to {\text{NaOH(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p2">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{CaC}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(s)}} \to {\text{CaO(s)}} + {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(g)}}\)</p>
<p class="p2">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{CuC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{(aq)}} + {{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S(aq)}} \to {\text{CuS(s)}} + {\text{2KCl(aq)}}\)</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{HCl(aq)}} + {\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{(aq)}} \to {\text{NH}}_4^ + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }{\text{(aq)}}\)</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p class="p1">A</p>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
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<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">In the electrolytic cell shown, at which electrode will chlorine form, and what is the process taking place there?</p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-30_om_14.02.31.png" alt="N09/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/30_1"></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: left;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-09-30_om_14.03.31.png" alt="N09/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/30_2"></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Which compound contains nitrogen with an oxidation number of +3?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>NH<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub>Cl</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>HNO<sub><span class="s1">3</span></sub></p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>N<sub><span class="s1">2</span></sub>O<sub><span class="s1">4</span></sub></p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>KNO<sub><span class="s1">2</span></sub></p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Markscheme</h2>
<div class="question">
<p>D</p>
</div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 1em">Examiners report</h2>
<div class="question">
[N/A]
</div>
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