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</div><h2>HL Paper 1</h2><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react according to the equation below.</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_3}({\text{s)}} + 2{\text{HCl(aq)}} \to {\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}({\text{g)}} + 2{\text{NaCl(aq)}} + {{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\]</p>
<p class="p1">Which conditions will produce the fastest initial rate with 2.0 g of powdered sodium carbonate?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{100 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{1.0 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) hydrochloric acid at 323 K</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{50 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{2.0 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) hydrochloric acid at 323 K</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{100 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{1.0 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) hydrochloric acid at 348 K</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>\({\text{50 c}}{{\text{m}}^{\text{3}}}\) of \({\text{2.0 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) hydrochloric acid at 348 K</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p class="p1">Curve <strong>X </strong>on the graph below shows the volume of oxygen formed during the catalytic decomposition of a \({\text{1.0 mol}}\,{\text{d}}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}}\) solution of hydrogen peroxide.</p>
<p class="p1">\[{\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(aq)}} \to {{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + {\text{2}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O(l)}}\]</p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-10-21_om_09.23.20.png" alt="M11/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/20"></p>
<p class="p1">Which change would produce the curve <strong>Y</strong>?</p>
<p class="p1">A. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Adding water</p>
<p class="p1">B. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Adding some 0.1 mol dm<span class="s1">–3 </span>hydrogen peroxide solution</p>
<p class="p1">C. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Using a different catalyst</p>
<p class="p1">D. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lowering the temperature</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>The diagram below shows the energy changes for a reaction with and without a catalyst. Which symbols represent the activation energy, \({E_{\text{a}}}\), and the enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\), for the reaction with a catalyst?</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-24_om_13.59.55.png" alt="N13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/20"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-24_om_14.01.04.png" alt="N13/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/20_02"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which statements explain why a catalyst is used in the Contact process (shown below)?</p>
<p>\[{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} + \frac{1}{2}{{\text{O}}_2}{\text{(g)}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_3}{\text{(g)}}\]</p>
<p>I. A catalyst lowers the activation energy.</p>
<p>II. A catalyst moves the position of equilibrium towards the product.</p>
<p>III. A catalyst allows the same rate to be achieved at a lower temperature.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. I and II only</p>
<p>B. I and III only</p>
<p>C. II and III only</p>
<p>D. I, II and III</p>
</div>
<br><hr><br><div class="question">
<p>Which pair of graphs shows a decomposition reaction of \(X\) that obeys first-order kinetics?</p>
<p><img src="images/Schermafbeelding_2016-08-11_om_08.46.45.png" alt="M14/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ2/22"></p>
</div>
<br><hr><br>